q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
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values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1gvnbc | Just how much has my view been skewed by typical Westerns (films)? Was there really so much active violence between civilians and Indians? | In your typical Western movie every white family that moves anywhere is almost guaranteed to be attacked by "wild" hordes of Indians riding horses, whooping, and trying to kill all the white people. I have this inadvertent imagine of the West as a place where everyone was constantly killing everyone. Towns endlessly fi... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1gvnbc/just_how_much_has_my_view_been_skewed_by_typical/ | {
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7,
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"I believe I can provide a summarized case study:\n\nOne example is the Paiute War (1860-1), in which the Paiute tribe of Pyramid Lake, Utah Territory (now Nevada) fought against the US. Though tensions... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://books.google.com/books?id=-9XOsW7YwJ4C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false"
]
] | |
2p6m3l | how is it that the piratebay was able to be taken down by a single raid on a physical location? | I've never had a truly sound understanding of how the piratebay operated but I had thoughts that part of how they'd stuck around so long despite multiple take downs was that they never really operated entirely in any one location anywhere. This I thought provided them the means to simply pop up once again whenever they... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2p6m3l/eli5_how_is_it_that_the_piratebay_was_able_to_be/ | {
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"text": [
"It looks like the answer is in the same article you posted: \"All traffic goes through the load balancer\"\n\nFrom what I've been reading, this was precisely what was hit by the r... | [] | [
"http://torrentfreak.com/the-pirate-bay-runs-on-21-raid-proof-virtual-machines-140921/"
] | [
[],
[
"http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=BEzZDKKZ3IA"
],
[],
[]
] | |
3vp1va | Is there any evidence that a large scale, traumatic event (like the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki) can have a long lasting effect on the overall psyche of a culture? | I've heard theories that one of the reasons the Japanese are so "strange" as a culture is because the atomic bombs had some profound effect on their culture psychologically that's managed to persist even generations later. Is there any merit to this theory? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3vp1va/is_there_any_evidence_that_a_large_scale/ | {
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"text": [
"Japan was a closed country during a long time and started opening its borders less then two centuries ago. Since japanese culture developed without almost no external influence for so long it explains why it looks strange fr... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://jsc-worldwar2.weebly.com/the-devastation-of-europe-and-japan.html",
"http://www.phoenixbonsai.com/bigpicture/PostWarJapan.html"
]
] | |
22u66j | When did getting/having a drivers license really become a thing required to have? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/22u66j/when_did_gettinghaving_a_drivers_license_really/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"In order to maybe cut down on some of the lackluster answers, I'll put in a few clarifying questions on what the original question (I presume!) is asking:\n\n1. When did a driver's license first become a valid form of identification in the US? Di... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
eqtdgy | When do the Jews become Monotheistic, and when do they see themselves as separate from other Semitic tribes and cultures? | At what point in Jewish history do the Jews become more strictly monotheistic? My current understanding (that I want to see alternatives too) is that Judaism was polytheistic, until after the Babylonian captivity when the Torah was composed--and after an encounter with a more monotheistic culture (Zoroastrianism, even ... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/eqtdgy/when_do_the_jews_become_monotheistic_and_when_do/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"/u/midwesternphotograph talks about [the evolution of Judaism from polytheistic to monotheistic](_URL_0_)\n\n/u/lcnielsen also [has a writeup about it](_URL_1_)"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/d66ttx/how_did_the_earliest_monotheistic_religions/f0t68iy/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9860qb/howwhen_did_judaism_become_monotheistic_when/"
]
] | |
1fqqeg | Since capsaicin is water insoluble, how does it interact with water in spicy broths and salsas? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1fqqeg/since_capsaicin_is_water_insoluble_how_does_it/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Insoluble is a relative term. Capsaicin will dissolve to some extent in water, especially if it is hot (13 mg per liter at room temp). \n\nThe molecule does have a polar end with some oxygen, nitrogen and hydroxyl groups, so water does have som... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1c76wx | Why is it that, despite having such a close relationship for all these years, there seems to be few diseases that can spread from human to dog and vice versa. Yet, pig flu and bird flu exist and can be passed to humans. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1c76wx/why_is_it_that_despite_having_such_a_close/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Influenza exists as in pigs and birds because they act as a reservoir. There's a large amount of those animals migrating everywhere and are always in close contact with one another. This makes it easy for the virus to jump to different birds an... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
b4iefp | Does sugar/sugary sweets directly cause rotting/decay of our teeth? | Or does it just feed the biofilms in our mouth that cause rotting? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/b4iefp/does_sugarsugary_sweets_directly_cause/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"No, not directly. Decay is caused by bacteria eating away at the enamel of the teeth. These bacteria will feed off of any kind of sugar or starch, not just sweets. Stuff like potato chips that cling to the teeth can often cause worse damage than... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
er5joz | I know Native Americans didn't have horses until Europeans showed up, but did they use any other animals for war, other than as pack animals? Battle llamas? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/er5joz/i_know_native_americans_didnt_have_horses_until/ | {
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"text": [
"I cant speak for the possible usage of Llamas and Alpacas in combat, though maybe one of my South American counter parts could weigh in on the liklihood of releasing the Camelids of War. But in North America the only animal that may have been us... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1cp991 | Towards the centre of the galaxy, do the planets have "daylight" 24/7 due to the high concentration of stars in close proximity? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1cp991/towards_the_centre_of_the_galaxy_do_the_planets/ | {
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"text": [
"Despite the size of the sun, even within our star system, the size and luminosity of the sun is great reduced at a distance. For example, this depiction of how our sun probably lo... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://richardzowie.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/pluto1.jpg"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-square_law",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun"
],
[
"http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightfall_(Asimov_short_story_and_novel)"
],
[]
] | ||
6r7ljj | why are parents more worried about giving their kids more freedom compared to the 70's to 90's when the crime rate was higher? | _URL_0_ | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6r7ljj/eli5why_are_parents_more_worried_about_giving/ | {
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"text": [
"Define freedom? Kids have far more freedom in some ways than previous generations. Cellphones, social media, etc.",
"The actual crime rate was higher, but the perception of crime is higher now. Lots of people talk about... | [] | [
"http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/uscrime.htm"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1f58zk | colony collapse disorder | I ran a search in ELI5 and didnt see anything thus far. How widespread and complex is this issue? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1f58zk/eli5_colony_collapse_disorder/ | {
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"text": [
"It's pretty widespread, but it's not all that complex. Current research indicates that it's linked to the use of a class of insecticides called neonicotinoids. Europe has, as a result, already banned use of these pesticides, and if/when their bee... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1odd17 | the concept of light years and how it is that we can measure distance with time | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1odd17/eli5_the_concept_of_light_years_and_how_it_is/ | {
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"text": [
"The speed of light in a vacuum is a constant. The distance it travels in a year is thus also a constant. And that distance is large enough that it's a conven... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
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[]
] | ||
41isjg | why is the sound quality so poor over airplane tannoys? | In a closed environment, surely there's no reason why the sound quality can't be perfect... in all my years on flying, I'd say more than 50% of the time I literally don't have a clue what the captain or cabin crew are saying due to lack of clarity and or / low volume. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/41isjg/eli5_why_is_the_sound_quality_so_poor_over/ | {
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"text": [
"For those wondering, 'tannoy' is a British term for a loud speaker or public-address system. [From Wikipedia](_URL_0_), it comes from a company's name, Tannoy:\n\n > \"It became a household name as a result of supplying PA... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannoy"
],
[]
] | |
2ouv63 | why and how do lights flicker when faulty, and how does hollywood recreate faulty lights for shows | I was walking downstairs today and my apartment stairwell light was flickering (fluorescent), and I couldnt figure out why it was doing so, i.e how being faulty causes it to flicker, not completely not work. Thanks! | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ouv63/eli5_why_and_how_do_lights_flicker_when_faulty/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"This is caused by a [preheater](_URL_0_) which doesn't function properly. When the lamp is ready to start up it sends a jolt, which starts the preheater. This jolt also lights up the gass in the light, after this the preheater kicks in and the li... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.nettlageret.no/shop123varer/bilder/image_672.jpg"
]
] | |
xrnw4 | Atoms, molecules and ions. | In high school, we studied that matter can exist in two forms:
1. Substance - Matter of which all physical bodies are composed.
2. Physical Fields which can be gravitational, electromagnetic, nuclear etc.
The substance can be made from:
-Atoms
-Molecules
-Ions
Again, we studied this in high school so I am not com... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/xrnw4/atoms_molecules_and_ions/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"What you have learned is a simplification of what's really going on.\n\nIn reality, everything is composed of 'fundamental particles' (also called elementary particles). These include things like protons and electrons. They are fundamental becaus... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1p2cki | How scientifically valid is the Myers Briggs personality test? | I'm tempted to assume the Myers Briggs personality test is complete hogwash because though the results of the test are more specific, it doesn't seem to be immune to the Barnum Effect. I know it's based off some respected Jungian theories but it seems like the holy grail of corporate team building and smells like a pun... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1p2cki/how_scientifically_valid_is_the_myers_briggs/ | {
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... | [] | [] | [
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"http://projects.ori.org/lrg/PDFs_papers/Goldberg.Am.Psych.1993.pdf",
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],
[
"http://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1026&context... | |
z8yuj | we name hurricanes, so why don't we name earthquakes? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/z8yuj/eli5_we_name_hurricanes_so_why_dont_we_name/ | {
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"text": [
"I guess a hurricane will hang around for a while and will move all over the country, so there needs to be a name that people can refer to, to warn others.\n\nWith an earthquake, it comes and it goes within seconds. No need t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
aumnf3 | - why is not vaccinating children, not an arrest-able offence? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/aumnf3/eli5_why_is_not_vaccinating_children_not_an/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It’s recently new, and it needs to be a bigger threat than it is now before the police can be involved.",
"No government, anywhere, should have the authority to force medical procedures or medicines on anyone, especially... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2a0rn4 | why will only drugs and mechanical stimulus revive a flat-lined heart, versus a defibrillator? | I've searched, and everything I've found explains that once a heart has stopped beating, defibrillators will NOT help, but not why it won't help. I'd think an electrical boost would help. So, why is it that only a shot of adrenaline (or some other drug, potassium or something?) has a chance of bringing back a heart tha... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2a0rn4/eli5_why_will_only_drugs_and_mechanical_stimulus/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Defibrillators stop fibrillation, or the uncoordinated contraction of heart muscles. It doesn't start the heart beating, rather it *stops* the beating so it can resume proper timing. That makes the pumping action start working rather than just tw... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
ft9pn0 | How do hand sanitizers work? (in chemistry terms) | I'd like to know how that magical -OH group gets rid of viruses and bacteria so easily, and how does its action compare to just soap and water. | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ft9pn0/how_do_hand_sanitizers_work_in_chemistry_terms/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It's not really like soap and water. But has some of the same end results.\n\nSaponification yields polar molecules capable of micellars formation which results in dirt and microbes being surrounded and washed away while polar molecules can also... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3175087/",
"https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Alcohols/Reactivity_of_Alcohols"
]
] | |
2cx19a | there's hundreds (and probably thousands) of different beautiful gemstone minerals here in the world - why does it seem like diamond is the only one sought after for aesthetical purposes in jewelry? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2cx19a/eli5_theres_hundreds_and_probably_thousands_of/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"They're not, they're preferred because they have a great marketing agent! (De Beers) \n\nMy wife's ring has a diamond flanked by 2 pink topaz :)",
"_URL_0_\n\nI dont like to just spam what someone else wrote but the whol... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://blog.priceonomics.com/post/45768546804/diamonds-are-bullshit"
]
] | ||
68g1dx | Did the Rangers fought in Europe after D-Day? | Recently I read "The longest day " of Cornelius Ryan and i saw that the rangers assaulted the Pointe du Hoc and Omaha Beach. After the assault did the Rangers participate in the European Theater?
Did some of you know some good books about the assault in omaha beach and the ranger story during ww2? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/68g1dx/did_the_rangers_fought_in_europe_after_dday/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Yes. After D-Day, the 2nd Ranger Battalion took part in the Battle for Brest in September 1944, the Battle of the Hürtgen Forest in December 1944, and the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944 and January 1945. They then participated in the crossi... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.wwiirangers.com/index%20pages/history.htm",
"http://www.ranger.org/resources/Documents/Ranger%20History.pdf",
"http://www.flashman.com/Cisterna.htm"
]
] | |
3l51bk | why do most businesses use ups or fedex instead of the us postal service. | As above, they both seem like pricier options for the same quality of service. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3l51bk/eli5_why_do_most_businesses_use_ups_or_fedex/ | {
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"text": [
"In general, for packages you can get better prices from UPS or FedEx than you could from the USPS. For letters, sure, the USPS is best, but for packages? Depending on how fast you need it delivered, they aren't usually the b... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3kqhuw | Why is the maximum to the graph of y=x^x equal to e? Is this how e was determined? | The graph starts looking something like y=sqrt(x) between x=0 and x=e, but after e is reached on the x-axis (e, ~1.44) it looks like y=1/x, why is this? Why is e the turning point? Why does it approach 1 but never reach 1?
EDIT: I meant x^1/x, not x! | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3kqhuw/why_is_the_maximum_to_the_graph_of_yxx_equal_to_e/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
11,
30,
2
],
"text": [
"The derivative of y=x^x is dy/dx=(1+ln(x) )x^x . You can show this by differentiating the logarithm of both sides of y=x^x .\n\nFor this to be zero, ln(x) has to be equal -1, which means x is e^-1 (e ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
6o5vvs | on many reality shows like bar rescue, they often find extreme health hazards like cross-contamination, mold, rotten meat, etc. how do these restaurants/bars/hotels not get shut down by the usda? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6o5vvs/eli5_on_many_reality_shows_like_bar_rescue_they/ | {
"a_id": [
"dkeurr4"
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"text": [
"The USDA isn't the agency that shuts down bars/restaurants. It's the county health department.\n\nSome of these departments inspect infrequently, so there's a lot of time to get scuzzy since the last inspection. Some are even corrupt, and will ac... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1w8suo | If Cowpox was used to create the smallpox vaccination, then why isn't FIV used to create an HIV vaccine? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1w8suo/if_cowpox_was_used_to_create_the_smallpox/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Smallpox, or the variola major virus, is extremely similar to all the other relatively benign viruses in its genus. The genus \"orthopoxvirus\" also contains cowpox, vaccinia, monkeypox, camelpox, etc. all of which infect mammals. It is known tha... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15738948"
]
] | ||
ctcsp6 | Why was the number 299,792,458 chosen as the definiton of a metre instead of a more rounded off number like 300,000,000? | So a metre is defined as the distance light travels in 1/299,792,458 of a second, but is there a reason why this particular number is chosen instead of a more "convenient" number?
Edit: Typo | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ctcsp6/why_was_the_number_299792458_chosen_as_the/ | {
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67dcsm | how is it that an airplane can take off even if it's on a treadmill that matches it's speed? i understand that mythbusters proved that it will take off, but i don't understand how? | Can someone explain what happens to
1. Position of the plane relative to ground.
2. Speed of wheels.
3. Speed of conveyor belt.
The thing is, I can imagine the conveyor belt moving the plane backwards at 5 mph. Then the plane adds thrust, so it's moving 0 mph. Then the conveyor belt moves 10 mph. That's -5 mp... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/67dcsm/eli5_how_is_it_that_an_airplane_can_take_off_even/ | {
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"text": [
"An airplane's wheels aren't (normally) powered. All the thrust comes from the props/jets \"pulling\" on the air. The wheels just spin freely; there is some backwards drag from the ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YORCk1BN7QY"
],
[],
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a6dhv7 | which lubrication to use when? | I'm confused. There's regular oil, silicone oil, WD-40, petroleum jelly and graphite powder. I have zero idea how to decide which one to use for what application. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a6dhv7/eli5_which_lubrication_to_use_when/ | {
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"text": [
"When you hit a problem where you need lubricant Google what you need. I can tell you the WD40 is a penetrating releasing lubricant, meaning it's good at getting stuck things unstuck. Graphite power is a dry lubricant meanin... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
5heh5j | working class opposition to unions. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5heh5j/eli5_working_class_opposition_to_unions/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"In many cases it simply comes down to fear. For example, my father's place of employment tried to unionize. Management started rumors that they wouldn't be able to afford it if a union came in and would have to shut the sawm... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
3fxpzd | how can scientists conclude results similar to "doing x increases chance of cancer by 15%" | Im not a science geek but I know my fair share of it. How can a scientist identify a control group such that it will yield results as mentioned in question? If thats not the case then how realistic are those statistics? Especially when a condition such as cancer which devolops in long long time is the case
Edit: forgo... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3fxpzd/eli5_how_can_scientists_conclude_results_similar/ | {
"a_id": [
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"The answer is they use multiple regression analysis and very large and hopefully well chosen samples. This should weed out the correlations. For example women with breast implants get cancer more often, but women with breast implants also smoke a... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
mnn31 | AskScience, I am so tired of newspapers turning every piece of scientific news into sensationalist bullshit. Can you recommend me a news source that tells it as it is? | I know about specialized scientific journals, but I want something lighter, where they actually read the important scientific paper in question, understand it, and write an article about it for the general audience. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/mnn31/askscience_i_am_so_tired_of_newspapers_turning/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"physorg and sciencedaily.\n\nlighter than a journal, several reading levels above a newspaper.",
"physorg and sciencedaily.\n\nlighter than a journal, several reading levels above a newspaper."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
bc958t | Ionic compounds dissociate in water due to the positively charged components and negatively charged components being "pulled apart" due to their attraction to the polar water molecules. But how are organic, non-polar compounds "dissolved?" | There are no partial charges on the solvent to attract and therefore "pull apart" the solute. Are these compounds simply enveloped by the solvent? This has always confused me whenever classes discuss "like dissolves like".
If anyone could clarify I'd appreciate it! I don't want to ask any profs this potentially stupi... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/bc958t/ionic_compounds_dissociate_in_water_due_to_the/ | {
"a_id": [
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"There are indeed no partial charges in non-polar organic compounds, but there are transient \"redistributions\" of electron density that lead to favourable short-range interactions between solutes and solvents -- Van der Waals forces. \n\nSolubil... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
7fx5xc | why are some sounds annoying when they're made by others but satisfying when we make them? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7fx5xc/eli5_why_are_some_sounds_annoying_when_theyre/ | {
"a_id": [
"dqeyqug"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Liking unusual sounds is usually just you being satisfied that you know how to make the sound. When others hear it, they don't know the cause, and it feels odd to them, even after they see where it's coming from. So when they try it, they are sat... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
41ehhm | what's currently happening with michigan's water and why? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/41ehhm/eli5_whats_currently_happening_with_michigans/ | {
"a_id": [
"cz1ofn2",
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"text": [
"In Flint, MI (not the entire state) almost 2 years ago, the powers that be decided to stop using Lake Huron (via Detroit) as its water source and switch to using the Flint River, which to those who grew up in or around Fli... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/11/health/toxic-tap-water-flint-michigan/"
],
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint_water_crisis",
"http://www.msnbc.com/search/maddow%20flint%20lead",
"http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/wells/disease/lead.html",
"http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-madd... | ||
2kgbe2 | Are all antioxidants equal in effectiveness? | . | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2kgbe2/are_all_antioxidants_equal_in_effectiveness/ | {
"a_id": [
"clm3t7u"
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"score": [
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"I don't think there is much evidence for benefit of antioxidant supplements. Not all antioxidants are the same - they have differing abilities to mop up reactive oxygen species. We know that reactive oxygen species can cause damage, and antioxida... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18997197?dopt=AbstractPlus",
"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736\\(96\\)90866-1/abstract"
]
] | |
3317o5 | Is there a relationship between droughts and the increased in carbon dioxide levels? | i mean can it actually increase droughts in some parts of the world due to increase greenhouse gases? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3317o5/is_there_a_relationship_between_droughts_and_the/ | {
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"text": [
"The short answer is \"Yes\". When people think of global warming, most people think of temperatures rising - which isn't surprising given the name! However, the temperature increase *itself* isn't actually the biggest problem. The real, major iss... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch3s3-4-3.html"
]
] | |
442dj6 | why do asian immigrants more than any other race give their child "american" names? | (With the exception of universal biblical names for example) , African immigrants will give their child an African name. Mexican immigrants will give their child a Hispanic name. Indian immigrants will give their child an Indian name. I am generalizing but mostly I see this obvious pattern. But for Asian immigrants, th... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/442dj6/eli5_why_do_asian_immigrants_more_than_any_other/ | {
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"text": [
"A lot of the times, they don't. That's just those kids taking on the closest English approximation to their name (or just one they like best) to avoid always... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
3o99nj | What do historians think of John Geen's Crash Course History? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3o99nj/what_do_historians_think_of_john_geens_crash/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvvb1s9",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Always room for more discussion, but there is [a section of the FAQ](_URL_0_) devoted to this very question. \n\nThe only episode I have seen that I am qualified to comment on is the \"Neolithic Revolution\" episode. It is ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/historians_views#wiki_historians.27_views_of_john_green.27s_.27crash_course_world_history.27"
],
[]
] | ||
6dlq0x | Why was ancient Egypt's technology lost/forgotten? Didn't they keep records? Wouldn't their techniques have been passed down through the generations? | I've been watching and listening to various documentaries and it seems like all of the great technology that the ancient Egyptians used was simply lost somewhere along the way, leaving us guessing or hypothesizing at how they did everything they did. I just don't understand how that is possible without some kind of mas... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6dlq0x/why_was_ancient_egypts_technology_lostforgotten/ | {
"a_id": [
"di488o0"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Could you be more specific about which technologies were (supposedly) lost? "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2ps5zh | how can animals live in contaminated areas created as a result of a nuclear disaster, but humans can not? | Do they get affected at all or anything? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ps5zh/eli5how_can_animals_live_in_contaminated_areas/ | {
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"Plants and animals are not affected by laws, unlike humans.\n\nThat does not mean however, that most animals and plants aren't affected by the (Chernobyl*) radiation. Many species of birds and plants ha... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/chernobyl-disaster-leaves-radioactive-wild-boars-roaming-germany-n193596"
]
] | |
15s8hr | What are the actual addiction rates of various drugs? | I had heard that alcohol has a ~10% addiction rate, but hadn't been able to find any sources to back up that claim. Then I was curious about other drugs' addiction rates - in the US, if culture matters. I found [this study](_URL_0_) which lists heroin as the most addictive drug at 13.4%. Is this a reliable study? The n... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/15s8hr/what_are_the_actual_addiction_rates_of_various/ | {
"a_id": [
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4,
2
],
"text": [
"Not exactly what you asked, but you may be interested in [this article](_URL_1_), and [this looks like the actual paper](_URL_0_). It's an attempt by David Nutt et al to classify drugs by personal and social harm.",
"Wha... | [] | [
"http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k8/newUseDepend/newUseDepend.htm"
] | [
[
"http://www.fcaglp.unlp.edu.ar/~mmiller/espanol/Variedades,%20politica/drogas_Journal.pdf",
"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11660210"
],
[]
] | |
ej55it | I don't mean to sound insensitive, but is homophobia mostly an Abrahamic religion thing? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/ej55it/i_dont_mean_to_sound_insensitive_but_is/ | {
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"text": [
"This submission has been removed because it is [soapboxing](_URL_1_.) or [moralizing:](_URL_0_) it has the effect of promoting an opinion on contemporary politics or social issues at the expense of historical integrity. There are certainly histor... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/rules#wiki_no_political_agendas_or_moralising",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/rules#wiki_no_.22soapboxing.22_or_loaded_questions"
]
] | ||
2qlppw | might be a /r/shittyaskscience question, but how the fuck does shaving cream work? | what I mean is how does it expand so much? one drop of it can cover like half your face. what causes it to be so expansive? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2qlppw/eli5_might_be_a_rshittyaskscience_question_but/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It's important to understand that most gasses compress very well.\n\nShaving cream is a compressed mixture of the actual 'cream' and gasses, this keeps the gas bubbles very, very small. Once you squirt it out, the gas is free to spread out and t... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
131bvd | Why is the dot from a laser pointer "fuzzy?" [x-post from AskReddit] | I was messing around with a laser pointer recently and when I tried to focus my vision on the laser dot, I noticed that the area around it was kind of... fuzzy, a la television static. Why is that? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/131bvd/why_is_the_dot_from_a_laser_pointer_fuzzy_xpost/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6zxwn8"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"It's called [speckle](_URL_0_)."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speckle_pattern"
]
] | |
1yqj1w | how can alexa (_url_0_) find out numbers of visitors of websites (and then their rankings)? | I imagine only the owner of a website can find out how many visits his website has. How does Alexa do it? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1yqj1w/eli5_how_can_alexa_alexacom_find_out_numbers_of/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It's based on their toolbar. If you have the alexa toolbar installed, your traffic is recorded and sent to alexa, which uses the statistics to rank websites.\n\nThis does make sites which are frequented by people who have a lot of browser bars in... | [
"alexa.com"
] | [] | [
[]
] | |
14owua | why california's k-12 public education is so bad. | I'm a high school student and a lot of my school's sports programs were cut this year. I was just wondering why this is. Why is the education budget in California suffering from cuts? Why are so many teachers being laid off? What are some possible solution for this problem? Will the passing of Prop 30 (Raising the taxe... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/14owua/eli5_why_californias_k12_public_education_is_so/ | {
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"... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.npr.org/2012/12/07/166745290/school-district-owes-1-billion-on-100-million-loan",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_13_\\(1978\\)"
],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/13ef28/eli5_how_come_obama_during_his_supermajority_in/c73zqmd"
],
[]... | |
1qn9zl | tpp | Could I get an actual ELI5 answer? I've only seen complicated answers so far. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1qn9zl/eli5_tpp/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It's a trade partnership, which means a bunch of nations agree to standardize their tarrifs and trading laws so that its easier for businesses in one nation to sell goods to all the nations in the partnership. \n\nIt's in the news currently beca... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
19z1ol | How important is social interaction in our everyday mental health? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/19z1ol/how_important_is_social_interaction_in_our/ | {
"a_id": [
"c8srtj9",
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8
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"text": [
"The way to investigate this is to read up on the effects of social isolation \n\n_URL_0_",
"In social psychology we talk about a concept called the *need to belong*. This is the desire to form and maintain close relation... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.livescience.com/18800-loneliness-health-problems.html"
],
[
"http://research.chicagobooth.edu/cdr/docs/SocialDeath-Williams.pdf",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_peripheral_resistance"
]
] | ||
1meckp | why do men enjoy boobs? why does it turn them on? if you think about it, it's just another part of the body. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1meckp/eli5_why_do_men_enjoy_boobs_why_does_it_turn_them/ | {
"a_id": [
"cc8ehge",
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"score": [
2,
4
],
"text": [
"Because.... You know....\n\nBoobies.",
"If you are asking why men get sexually aroused by breasts, then it is a cultural thing. During parts of history women wore less revealing clothing so different parts of the body w... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
4wa3sb | why and how do countries deliberately violate the airspace of others'? | To avoid political discussion I won't name any specifically, but certain countries are particularly notorious for this. I'm not sure what sort of longterm political gain is made from it.
By 'how' I mean: how do the orders get to the pilots? Is it a regularly scheduled thing? Are there specific flight plans drawn up be... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4wa3sb/eli5_why_and_how_do_countries_deliberately/ | {
"a_id": [
"d65a24h",
"d65a8h6"
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"score": [
2,
7
],
"text": [
"They do it to show power. Sometimes they just want to let you know that they could do something if they wanted to. It's like that kid on the playground that runs up and cock his arm like he's going to hit you and says \"sike... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
ceh7hu | why is it better to be relaxed than tense if falling from heights? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ceh7hu/eli5_why_is_it_better_to_be_relaxed_than_tense_if/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It's like the same thing as you can break spogotter but then u be cooking teh spogotter and then u cannot break it anymoar",
"When you tense, you are making it harder for your muscles to absorb energy.\n\nSo when you fal... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
119mh7 | the economy of audio-books. why are they so expensive? | I had assumed that the process of making an audio book is a significantly smaller cost than the production of the book in the first place, and since making it an audio book expands the marketable demographic this would result in a product around the same cost as the book.
So why then are audio books so god dam expensi... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/119mh7/the_economy_of_audiobooks_why_are_they_so/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6kjw81"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"The answer to \"Why does this cost so much?\" is always \"Because enough people are willing to pay that much.\"\n\nThe cost of production only puts a lower limit on the price --beyond which it would be a loss to sell the product. A lower cost o... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2j48pt | when i'm angry why/how does punching walls and wanting to be violent help to relieve anger? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2j48pt/eli5_when_im_angry_whyhow_does_punching_walls_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"cl88913"
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"score": [
2
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"text": [
"It's actually a mature defense mechanism in psychology called \"sublimation.\"\n\nYou take an unacceptable impulse, and divert it to an acceptable activity.\n\nExample:\n\nA kid is so angry at his dad he wants to punch his dad. He diverts his en... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublimation_(psychology)"
]
] | ||
2o0jys | the origin of miss, ms., and mrs. and how misses becomes mrs. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2o0jys/eli5_the_origin_of_miss_ms_and_mrs_and_how_misses/ | {
"a_id": [
"cmilhkq"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Mrs. is short for \"mistress\", which originally covered all women, but then in the 17th century, they created \"miss\" for unmarried women which also derives from the word mistress.\n\nDuring the early 1900, \"Ms\" form appeared as a catch all t... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
ri9r0 | How does the speed of earth traveling through space affect the passage of time? | Another post was made earlier, asking how fast an individual moves through space based on the orbit of the earth around the sun, and the sun around the galaxy. [Here](_URL_0_)
I have a couple of questions about our speed through space and the passage of time:
Since speed and time are related, does the speed of the or... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ri9r0/how_does_the_speed_of_earth_traveling_through/ | {
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"c4614lw",
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3
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"text": [
" > Since speed and time are related, does the speed of the orbit of earth influence the passage of time?\n\nNo. Everyone (frame of reference) experiences time at the same rate (one second per second if you like).\n\n > If th... | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/rhru8/how_far_away_am_i_from_where_i_was_1_second_ago/"
] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation#CMBR_dipole_anisotropy",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Time_dilation.svg"
]
] | |
bqfxy6 | Why do we think certain things/animals are ‘cute’? Is this evolutionarily beneficial or is it socially-learned? | Why do I look at cats and dogs and little baby creatures and get overwhelmed with this weird emotion where all I can do is think about how adorable they are? To me it seems useless in a survival context.
Edit: thanks for the responses everyone; I don’t have time to respond but it’s been very insightful. | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/bqfxy6/why_do_we_think_certain_thingsanimals_are_cute_is/ | {
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"eo62quh",
"eo64tej",
"eo67xan",
"eo683ww",
"eo68mqb",
"e... | [] | [] | [
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"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/01/100120093525.htm"
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"https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a832/f3be4a565534808568a4bc808d618600c4e0.pdf"
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[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness#/media/File:Animal_human_growth_skull_neoteny_cuteness_maturation.png",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.... | |
30si2z | when the u.s. started adding fluoride to our tap water, how were other animals affected? | Did fish have much nicer teeth? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/30si2z/eli5_when_the_us_started_adding_fluoride_to_our/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpve0kj"
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"score": [
6
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"text": [
"Fish do not have teeth. Adding fluoride to potable water supplies without fluoride naturally only seems to affect our teeth. Tap water gets discharged to sanitary sewer systems which discharge treated water into much larger bodies of water. The f... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
g1dq06 | why is paddle shifting still considered automatic transmission? | Why is a semi-automatic, paddle shift still not the same as manual gear switching and is not as good as a manual for drifting, etc. Thanks! | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/g1dq06/eli5_why_is_paddle_shifting_still_considered/ | {
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4,
4
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"text": [
"A quick answer: Clutch\n\nA manual gear box has a clutch that can be disengaged at any point in time removing power from the power train. \nThe clutch can also be partially engaged via a pedal much the... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://auto.howstuffworks.com/clutch.htm"
],
[],
[]
] | |
7aq7b5 | Why do our teeth get so easily rotten? | why are we required to brush twice a day etc. to take care of our oral health? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7aq7b5/why_do_our_teeth_get_so_easily_rotten/ | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"They don't rot easily, in fact cleaning teeth only exists since the 20th century. There's a nice story of the US-Allies introducing toothpaste to the people of Upper Austria after they fought back the german troops: They handed it to kids who tho... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4awall | can a tech or software company just move out of the us so they don't have to deal with government demanded backdoors? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4awall/eli5_can_a_tech_or_software_company_just_move_out/ | {
"a_id": [
"d141ohw",
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"score": [
2,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Yes, yes they can. But that would be a very very very expensive thing to do. ",
"Yes. Assuming the country they move to doesn't demand backdoors either. Also, they would have to move *all* their... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
qzjz5 | How does sound behave in a Black Hole? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/qzjz5/how_does_sound_behave_in_a_black_hole/ | {
"a_id": [
"c41p4ul",
"c41pxat"
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"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"We have theories about black holes, but I don't think they involve oscillations of the kind we would call \"sound\". Even if we did, we would have no way to verify the hypothesis.",
"Here is an interesting article about ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2003/09/09/black_hole030909.html"
]
] | ||
6oqnrr | why can phone companies claim they are better than others by using the company name, but other items have to say "competition"? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6oqnrr/eli5_why_can_phone_companies_claim_they_are/ | {
"a_id": [
"dkjf4tv"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"They have to substantiate their claims. They need to cite a study that shows their claim is true in order to say it."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
53lhbm | What is the oldest organization that is still active? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/53lhbm/what_is_the_oldest_organization_that_is_still/ | {
"a_id": [
"d7uj87d"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"I dont know the answer, but I do know the Eastern Orthodox Church predates the catholic church by a few hundred years"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3ldxl1 | if blackjack is a game of 'skill', how is it not allowed in states that don't have gambling? | I understand games of chance (lottery, roulette, etc) being illegal because it's truly gambling. But if blackjack (and poker) are games of skill, how are they not allowed in those states? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ldxl1/eli5if_blackjack_is_a_game_of_skill_how_is_it_not/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Blackjack/Poker can be a game of skill AND gambling. Gambling is just the wagering of money on an event with an uncertain outcome. Think of it as still being a game of chance (like... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1ri13j | What role, if any, did the Irish play in the American Revolution? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1ri13j/what_role_if_any_did_the_irish_play_in_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdngkvw",
"cdngp3k"
],
"score": [
2,
4
],
"text": [
"One roll played by many Irish was one of leaving. My only source on this is John Rawlston Saul's book \"A Fair Country\" talking about the mixed nature of Canadian identity. In this book he states that the United Empire Lo... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20110622/discuss/706229716/",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_American#17th_to_mid-19th_century"
]
] | ||
abhjti | why do unicode emoji depend on the platform instead of the font which is used? | Why does their look depend on the platform used (as depicted [here](_URL_0_)) instead of the font? For example, if a certain font is used on character "A", its look does not depend on the platform on which you see it. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/abhjti/eli5_why_do_unicode_emoji_depend_on_the_platform/ | {
"a_id": [
"ed0bdjl",
"ed0bkqv",
"ed0e2rq"
],
"score": [
8,
2,
4
],
"text": [
"As part of the Unicode set, emojis can be made part of a font. \n\nA complete font (with emojis and stuff) can be huge, so most systems probably store only one complete font and allow you to change only... | [] | [
"http://unicode.org/emoji/charts/full-emoji-list.html"
] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
8jlyrh | Were soldiers in the Conquistadors' armies well paid? | It seems like it was a very dangerous job. Were they promised great riches? Did they get what they were promised? Do we have any accounts of the lives of rank-and-file soldiers after their conquering days? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/8jlyrh/were_soldiers_in_the_conquistadors_armies_well/ | {
"a_id": [
"dz1hv7t"
],
"score": [
13
],
"text": [
"Conquistadors were not really soldiers in the modern sense. They were not paid a salary, so their recompense was typically in looted goods, preferably gold and silver. However, their motivation to go and become a conquistador was to win an encom... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3k9do9 | please help me understand the difference between being sad and having depression. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3k9do9/eli5_please_help_me_understand_the_difference/ | {
"a_id": [
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2
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"text": [
"Being sad is usually a passing feeling and theres a reason behind it. Like, i was on my way to work and spilt my coffee down myself, broke up with my boyfrien... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://hyperboleandahalf.blogspot.com/2011/10/adventures-in-depression.html?m=1",
"http://hyperboleandahalf.blogspot.com/2013/05/depression-part-two.html?m=1"
],
[]
] | ||
e57v7o | Do louder songs have a bigger file size? | Lets imagine a computer uses 10 units to save an audio file. Would a version of a song less loud take the same amout of units because of the units that it takes to describe that the song is not louder?
I hope this makes sense | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/e57v7o/do_louder_songs_have_a_bigger_file_size/ | {
"a_id": [
"f9jf7ks",
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"score": [
2,
15
],
"text": [
"File size is only determined by the amount of stuff, not what that stuff is. To a computer, 5 minutes of extremely loud music is stored the same as 5 minutes of near silence. Once the space is dedicated to that file, it'll ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
46ixsh | How financially privileged was slave ownership in America? Could a "middle class" American own slaves, or was this only reserved for the very elite? Do we have knowledge of what percentage of Americans owned one or more slaves? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/46ixsh/how_financially_privileged_was_slave_ownership_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"d05viba"
],
"score": [
28
],
"text": [
"The reason why we tend to think of slavery as being synonymous with large plantations, and why these portrayals are the norm in popular media, is because this was essentially the normal experience from the perspective of the enslaved. The vast m... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3aj0qi | how does war 'work'? | This is something I've been confused about for a long time, and was hoping for a little enlightenment. Is it like a game? If so, what are the rules? How do nations or groups 'declare' they're at war with each other? Why resort to violence in this day and age - why not a debate? How is it decided who 'wins' the war - is... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3aj0qi/eli5_how_does_war_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"csd1usu"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"War is not a game.\n\nHowever, in a 'just war' (declared so by the UN) there are rules. These generally follow that of the Geneva Convention (Be nice to Prisoners-Of-War, don't kill innocent civilians etc)\n\nNations generally declare war through... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
clf6dc | how do octopi camouflage? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/clf6dc/eli5_how_do_octopi_camouflage/ | {
"a_id": [
"evuy2sd"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Cephalopods have a bunch of specilized cells carrying different pigments and such.\n\nThey can constrict or contract these cells to change the color of their skin on the fly.\n\nThey are also able to change their texture as well. Cephalopods wit... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
agl42n | what's the difference between reptiles and mammals that allows one to be warm blooded while the other can't create its own heat? | As far as I know all the major organs are roughly the same between cold and warm blooded creatures - lungs, hearts, brains. Do mammals have an extra organ that lets us produce our own heat? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/agl42n/eli5_whats_the_difference_between_reptiles_and/ | {
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"score": [
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34,
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"text": [
"Part of it is mammalian cells aren't particularly good at holding substances within themselves, so they pump into their cells more. The pumping generates heat as waste, this hea... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3605374"
],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_images.jsp?cntn_id=115520&org=NSF",
"https://www.nsf.gov/news/mmg/media/images/reptile_hearts2_h.jpg"
]
] | |
9uj0uw | how does the automatic wiper blades works? | Some cars have a system in wich the wiper washer auto activates when is raining, and adjust itself to how hard it's raining. At the start I figured it can work with some kind of system that measure the water that falls down the windshield, but when you throw water into the windshield it seems to start working before th... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9uj0uw/eli5_how_does_the_automatic_wiper_blades_works/ | {
"a_id": [
"e94m6sp",
"e94n8st"
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"score": [
3,
8
],
"text": [
"Im no expert but from what I know if existing sensor technology I can guess:\n\nProbably measuring the capacitance of some surface layer, when it changes in a recognizable way, like when a conductive liquid (i.e. water) is... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2192la | why can't all the animals/fish that we are eating to extinction be farmed instead? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2192la/eli5_why_cant_all_the_animalsfish_that_we_are/ | {
"a_id": [
"cgaroz9"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"They can.\n\nTo begin with we are not hunting any animals to extinction, and take great steps to prevent extinction when we can.\n\nAs to fish, we are not really fishing anything into extinction but we are overfishing. There has been an effort to... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
53vj7o | what distinguishes vowels from consonants? | Some languages have less than 5 vowels. What distinguishes them? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/53vj7o/eli5_what_distinguishes_vowels_from_consonants/ | {
"a_id": [
"d7wn64n"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"Consonants involve a constriction of airflow through the vocal tract. On the other hand, air flows freely through the tract when pronouncing a vowel."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3xwxt4 | Writing with style; or, how do you write history that people want to read? | This is a question for other academic historians: what do you do to improve your writing style?
I'm very good at writing dry academic prose, but I always prefer reading work by historians who use their language well. People like Peter Brown whose metaphors communicate meanings deeper than the words on the page, and dr... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3xwxt4/writing_with_style_or_how_do_you_write_history/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Anthony Beevor sprinkles his books with amazing anecdotes that really drive it home when it comes to the chaos a... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/the-first-light-of-the-trinity-atomic-test",
"http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/nagasaki-the-last-bomb"
]
] | |
wrdvy | Why is it that oil seems to seep out of sealed bottles? | I've had this happen with a few different types of oils. But only with plastic bottles. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/wrdvy/why_is_it_that_oil_seems_to_seep_out_of_sealed/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"I suspect the oil is permeating the plastic, but I'd need to know more about the type of plastic (look for the recycle code on the bottom) and the type(s) of oils involved.",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
hqox5 | How long does a black hole take to form ? | Let's assume a supernova remnant with a mass slightly above the minimum required for gravitational collapse remains at rest in relation to an external observer. How long would it take until the observer can call the object a black hole ? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/hqox5/how_long_does_a_black_hole_take_to_form/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
" A SNR does not collapse to a BH. Rather, the core of the progenitor of the SNR may collapse to a BH during the SN, or if the SN formed a neutron star (NS), if enough material falls back, the NS will c... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1whvm3 | How did Hafizullah Amin's behaviour influence the Soviet's decision to invade Afghanistan? | Here is what I have determined so far: Main factors connected to Amin's behaviour that influenced the decision
* Amin wanted to decrease his dependency from the USSR and was keen on pursuing a more balanced foreign policy by improving relations with other nations (US, Iran, Pakistan…) → USSR under no circumstances wan... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1whvm3/how_did_hafizullah_amins_behaviour_influence_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cf2fjnw"
],
"score": [
4
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"text": [
"Amin's behavior was *the* major cause of intervention - he killed Nur Mohammed Taraki and lied about it to Brezhnev. \n\nBrief recap:\n\n* [Nur Mohammed Taraki](_URL_0_), first leader of [Saur Revolution](_URL_2_), has close rapport with Brezhnev... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur_Muhammad_Taraki",
"http://psi.ece.jhu.edu/~kaplan/IRUSS/BUK/GBARC/pdfs/afgh/172-7910.pdf",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saur_Revolution",
"http://www.alternativeinsight.com/Afghan_War.html",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Andropov",
"http://en.wikiped... | |
19im8x | What are some lesser-known consequences of Rome moving its capital to Constantinople? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/19im8x/what_are_some_lesserknown_consequences_of_rome/ | {
"a_id": [
"c8odpv8",
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"score": [
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3
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"text": [
"I was just thinking about one aspect of this - about how the pontic steppe over a few decades became just that bit more interesting for hordes on the other side of the steppe ocean.",
"I don't know how 'lesser-known' you... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2kl0gx | how does a bullet fit in the barrel of a gun? | if you had a bullet without the shell casings, just the raw bullet. how snug would it fit in the barrel of a gun? say i took out the barrel of the gun and put the bullet in the barrel, would it just drop straight through? would it bounce off the sides? or become lightly wedged? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2kl0gx/eli5_how_does_a_bullet_fit_in_the_barrel_of_a_gun/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
2,
3,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"It wouldn't fit at all. Modern firearms use rifling which will dig into the sides of the bullet when fired; unless you can push it in hard enough to gouge metal then it won't go in... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLduLyN0uvo"
],
[],
[]
] | |
5mwp6l | Was the phrases like, "once upon a time" derived from fictional stories that insisted they actually happened, during the Middle Ages? Was this a common trope of the time? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5mwp6l/was_the_phrases_like_once_upon_a_time_derived/ | {
"a_id": [
"dc71z7u"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Stock phrases, including \"Once upon a time,\" were used by storytellers to let the audience know that they were about to hear a folktale, a matter of fiction. In general, western and northern Europeans told two types of stories - folktales and ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Folklore-Traditional-Studies-Elsewhere-ebook/dp/B00N65B0BY/ref=sr_1_10?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1480525114&sr=1-10&keywords=Ronald+M.+James"
]
] | ||
26ov6b | - the difference between using a computer as a server versus using a computer to complete everyday tasks? | I saw a post on r/techsupportmacgyver where a user augmented a laptop into a server. What was going on? Why would someone remove the screen to their laptop?
Also, my friends will talk about servers they had in high school, but I always see these huge server rooms in the media. There is no way they had all that, so ... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/26ov6b/eli5_the_difference_between_using_a_computer_as_a/ | {
"a_id": [
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2,
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"A server is just a name for any computer that provides any kind of service across a network. The server can be a multimedia server (providing music and video ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/techsupportmacgyver/comments/26mxzc/improving_the_laptop_server/"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_\\(operating_system\\)",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-inch_rack",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Contr... | |
1os7xr | why do 99% of toothpaste/mouthwash have dyes? | They're for cleaning teeth. Coloring = stain teeth. Is this not true? What's everyone's problem with making dental hygiene products? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1os7xr/eli5_why_do_99_of_toothpastemouthwash_have_dyes/ | {
"a_id": [
"ccv1r7o"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"The dyes aren't able to alter your teeth or anything. When you put food colouring in cake batter it doesn't change the cake batter in any way, it just puts molecules of a liquid that reflects a certain colour around the molecules of the batter.\n... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
492nvv | where does the us dollar get its value if there is no gold standard? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/492nvv/eli5where_does_the_us_dollar_get_its_value_if/ | {
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"score": [
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... | [] | [] | [
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34wgv1 | Is there any known limit to how old a tree can be? | Watching planet earth and it was talking about how old the forrests of the northwest are, which made me wonder. If there is no outside threat, and given unlimited resources how old will a tree become? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/34wgv1/is_there_any_known_limit_to_how_old_a_tree_can_be/ | {
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"score": [
2,
57,
22,
2
],
"text": [
"They cut one down a few years ago that was several thousand years old thought to be the oldest known living creature on Earth. Even if trees by today's standards can't live for... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maurizio_Mencuccini/publication/50212240_Size-mediated_ageing_reduces_vigour_in_trees/links/5443ff550cf2e6f0c0fb9b5f.pdf",
"http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/case-study-the-glorious-golden-and-gigantic-13261308?refnf",
"http://www.ldeo.c... | |
t9gst | Why is it hard to find a star system with 9 or more planets? | I just read this article (on the bottom). Is it rare because there's a low probability it would happen, or are our telescopes not good enough to see individual planets that well?
_URL_0_ | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/t9gst/why_is_it_hard_to_find_a_star_system_with_9_or/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4ko2d9"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"If you take our solar system as an example it becomes easy to recognize why we haven't identified very many solar systems with large numbers of planets. It's not because it's any less likely that they exist, but rather the most popular method we... | [] | [
"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/04/120410-star-system-more-planets-sun-hd10180-space-science/"
] | [
[]
] | |
1l65uq | how is adblock still active? wouldn't big companies try to take them down? | When I did my search, all I could find was that AdBlock is completely legal because it is modifying page on the user-end. But big companies who live off of selling and showing ads need the ad to be shown and clicked to survive. I'm sure its no match for fully donation-run adblock to compete against those big multinatio... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1l65uq/eli5how_is_adblock_still_active_wouldnt_big/ | {
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"score": [
5,
3,
3,
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"text": [
"Relatively few people use AdBlock, and the tech savvy crowd that uses it is relatively unlikely to click on ads anyways. If more people started using it, you can bet that ad based ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
42gol7 | How did native Floridians handle mosquitos? | Having lived in Florida the past 20 yrs, I'm accustomed to mosquitos being a part of life. My question is how did native Americans that lived here deal with mosquitos being that they didn't have a concept of "indoors", aside from open air living spaces? Did they not care about getting bit or is it known if they had the... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/42gol7/how_did_native_floridians_handle_mosquitos/ | {
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"text": [
"While I can not answer this question, I believe [this thread](_URL_0_) has information pertaining to what you are asking.",
"This is an interesting topic. No expert, but m... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1etwym/how_did_early_americans_deal_with_mosquitoes_and/"
],
[],
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"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3r7j2z/did_early_modern_and_early_modern_womens_clothing/cwlryx4"
],
[]
] | |
5vf5wz | why is the liquid level inside a straw is higher than the liquid level in the rest of the glass? | I'm going to include a photo to clear up confusion | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5vf5wz/eli5_why_is_the_liquid_level_inside_a_straw_is/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It's because of capillary force. Water tends to climb up surfaces a little. Water also loves to stick to itself. So outside the straw, the water gets pulled up a little, but also gets pulled down by the rest of the water, so... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
274md5 | Are the electric and magnetic components of an electromagnetic wave really in phase? [Physics] | Hello /r/AskScience!
Lately, I was really surprised at [what wikipedia says about electromagnetic waves](_URL_0_). According to them, the electric and magnetic components of the wave should be in phase. I can't help but think that this is wrong.
Shouldn't both components be shifted 90 degrees apart? After all, the el... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/274md5/are_the_electric_and_magnetic_components_of_an/ | {
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"text": [
"Both are in-phase means that both reach the minimum and maximum amplitudes at the same time. However, their direction of oscillation is perpendicular to each... | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_wave"
] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipole#Dipole_radiation",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retarded_potential"
],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/274md5/are_the_electric_and_magnetic_components_of_an/chxhifh"
],
[]
] | |
1dzwli | why is it that i can use the same chocolate chip recipe but come out with varying results each time? | I use the same recipe, bake them for the same amount of time at the same temperature, and sometimes they come out perfectly soft and delicious, and sometimes they come out more airy/hard/etc. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1dzwli/eli5_why_is_it_that_i_can_use_the_same_chocolate/ | {
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"text": [
"Assuming you really use all the same stuff, and do it all exactly the same (which I'm skeptical of) then one remaining difference is ingredients. It's possib... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MYuXRaW0B0"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
eujeje | how does seltzer water have a taste when it has no calories/sweeteners? | I know people make fun of la croix having no flavor but it and other seltzer waters obviously taste like something! As an active seltzer lover, with new brands and flavors coming out all the time now, some of these are objectively quite flavorful and sweet. Yet, they have 0 calories, 0 sweeteners or sugar, only “natura... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/eujeje/eli5_how_does_seltzer_water_have_a_taste_when_it/ | {
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"text": [
"There is still some sweetener that comes from the \"natural flavors\" they use. Its just that theres non extra sugar or anything recognized as a high intensity sweetener by the FD... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
2u42c2 | Would having the earth's landmass more concentrated on one side in Pangaea have had any effect on its orbit? | I think the answer is no but I was just wondering. Would the tides have been more noticeable? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2u42c2/would_having_the_earths_landmass_more/ | {
"a_id": [
"co9y0gn"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Not on the orbit, but certainly on other dynamics like the length of day. I recently read a paper on the effect the melting ice caps are having on the period of the earth's rotation (due to the redistribution of mass on the surface). It's a *tiny... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
7nv7cu | how does euler’s formula connect real and imaginary numbers? | I see Euler’s formula pop up and we just have to accept that you can split a complex number into real and imaginary parts using exp(). How does it actually work? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7nv7cu/eli5_how_does_eulers_formula_connect_real_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"ds4qxtq"
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"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"The best explanation I've ever seen is in Feynman's lectures on physics. One of the chapters is a condensed and exceptionally written presentation of algebra. It ends with the equivalences between complex exponents and trigonometric functions. _U... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/I_22.html"
]
] | |
um7cp | Where does the matter that comprises the structure of a plant come from? | More specifically, I'm sitting here looking at the Aponogeton in my Betta's tank. It was simply a tiny bulb that was dropped in the water on top of the substrate. No soil or anything for the plant to feed on, just water. Nevertheless, out comes a massive plant. Is the plant mostly water and all of the structure derived... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/um7cp/where_does_the_matter_that_comprises_the/ | {
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"score": [
3,
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"text": [
"Most plants get most of their structure from molecules in the air. Some from the soil/rocks/sand/etc and water. Remember that your water in the tank won't be pure H2O. It will hav... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&list=PL61E34431327D572D&v=ITpDrdtGAmo#t=136s"
],
[]
] | |
32uqmq | Prominent Bolsheviks must have read Lenin's testament, so why wasn't Stalin removed from key roles? | Stalin's Rivals must have been aware of Lenin's call to remove Stalin from the party. So despite Lenin's will not being published, why was he not kicked from the party, or removed from important roles?
I've just been revising my history AS Level and this really began to niggle me, so if anyone could enlighten me I'd a... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/32uqmq/prominent_bolsheviks_must_have_read_lenins/ | {
"a_id": [
"cqeukdn"
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"text": [
"Lenin's Testament was a profoundly embarrassing document in which Lenin insulted not only Stalin, but all of Stalin's rivals. Stalin, Kamenev, Zinoviev, Bukharin, and Trotsky were all criticized with varying degrees of venom. Publicizing the docu... | [] | [] | [
[]
] |
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