q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
value | subreddit stringclasses 3
values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9al734 | how does an electric current produce a magnetic field? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9al734/eli5_how_does_an_electric_current_produce_a/ | {
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"The short super unsatisfactory answer is that it just does.\n\nThe longer answer is that what we define as a charge is actually a disturbance in the electric field, which is part ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
9o50u7 | how exactly does carbon-14 dating work? would it work on diamonds (which were once organic matter, i think), or are they just too old? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9o50u7/eli5_how_exactly_does_carbon14_dating_work_would/ | {
"a_id": [
"e7rez5r",
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"score": [
3,
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"text": [
"Carbon-14 dating is primarily for dating formerly living things. Carbon 14 is made in the atmosphere so its absorbed by living things through respiration. It maintains its levels while the thing is alive. When it dies the re... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
ezocfs | why do appliance's volumes (eg. tv, radio) use an arbitrary 1 to x value instead of basing the value on decibels? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ezocfs/eli5_why_do_appliances_volumes_eg_tv_radio_use_an/ | {
"a_id": [
"fgoja0y",
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"text": [
"High-end stereos for audiophiles, or studio monitors, typically do use decibels.\n\nThe problem with decibels is that either you'd have relative loudness - where 0 is the maximum a... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
43hrlg | what is all this controversy with thefinebros about? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/43hrlg/eli5_what_is_all_this_controversy_with/ | {
"a_id": [
"czib1y7"
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"text": [
"Search before submitting "
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} | [] | [] | [
[]
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7p8o6z | Geographers Diener and Hagen claim that Pacific Northwest tribes had a concept of property similar to modern Americans' - contrasting common claims that Native Americans had no concept of ownership. Where did the idea that Native Americans had no concept of property emerge? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7p8o6z/geographers_diener_and_hagen_claim_that_pacific/ | {
"a_id": [
"dsfth6s"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"Can you please expand on what Diener and Hagen said?\n\nSpeaking for groups in Washington State (Coast Salish, Quileute, Sahaptin, Chinookan), I'm finding a little hard to see property concepts being that similar to Modern American ones (there's ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
338naj | are wi-fi and/or bluetooth, signals harmful to our health? | I'm sure this can be researched online, but I've often wondered how much information is actually true. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/338naj/eli5_are_wifi_andor_bluetooth_signals_harmful_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"cqijbnt",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"No, it's not true at all. They're completely harmless. ",
"There has been numerous studies, and the concensus is that radio signals in the WiFi and BT bands are not harmful at the levels output by ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
3afaxk | Questions about the sinking of the USS Indianapolis | I used to live next to one of the survivors from the USS Indianapolis. I was too young to really appreciate the significance of it and to ask him what I should have. Hopefully some of you can help me better understand what happened:
1) There is controversy over the subsequent court martial and the orders of the ship.... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3afaxk/questions_about_the_sinking_of_the_uss/ | {
"a_id": [
"cscevms"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"1) No consensus whatsoever. The Navy's orders to Capt. McVay were to \"zigzag *at (his) discretion*, weather permitting.\" These orders are equivocal, and when the *Indianapolis* was sunk, he was not zigzagging. The prosecution said that McVay... | [] | [] | [
[
"Indianapolis.org",
"http://www.ussindianapolis.org/"
]
] | |
6q24xd | seeing all of these harambe & deez nuts votes in the presidental elections, what would happen if one of them actually got the majority of the votes? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6q24xd/eli5_seeing_all_of_these_harambe_deez_nuts_votes/ | {
"a_id": [
"dktz2cn",
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"score": [
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11
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"text": [
"Harambe is not human, and is deceased so does not qualify. All votes to him are void. \n\nDeez Nuts is not the real name of the child, and they are under 35 and so not eligible. All votes to him are also void. \n\nSo the el... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2b1gcb | why do i find baby animals super cute, but human babies ugly? | A lot of people are like me and just love puppies, kittens, baby elephants, baby groundhogs, baby anything. But, there's a big consensus that babies don't look very nice. Is there a scientifical explanation behind this? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2b1gcb/eli5_why_do_i_find_baby_animals_super_cute_but/ | {
"a_id": [
"cj0uhdd",
"cj0umb6",
"cj0uro6",
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"score": [
13,
3,
7,
2
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"text": [
"Because baby animals are cute and human babies are ugly.",
"A lot of what makes things cute is the ratio of eye size to facial real estate. Many young animals have a better ra... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
3ro4uz | how is it that mars has lost it's atmosphere to solar winds, but earth hasn't | Like it says in the title, how are they losing their atmosphere to solar winds, but earth isn't? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ro4uz/eli5_how_is_it_that_mars_has_lost_its_atmosphere/ | {
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"text": [
"The churning of earth's core creates our magnetosphere which protects us from the solar winds, it's like a shield protecting us from the sun's \"bullets\" (charged particles). The ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind#Magnetospheres"
],
[]
] | |
1eo4vj | What Is The Difference Between Basic Medicines? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1eo4vj/what_is_the_difference_between_basic_medicines/ | {
"a_id": [
"ca23xkv"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"don't look at the brand but the ingredients\n\ntylenol is acetominophen an antipyretic and analgesit (decreases pain and fever) \nacetominophen the brand name is irrelevant and many companies including big chains can market their own brand under... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol"
]
] | ||
1pdfon | Why does even a laser beam spread out after a long distance? Can't we prevent that via lenses? How does this relate to focusing light that came to us over billions of light years? | I imagine that if we put a lens a few meters away from the laser, we can force the incoming photons to continue their "flight" in a perfectly parallel fashion (which would allow to project a millimeter-small speck on the Moon), just as we can arbitrarily modulate incoming photons that have traveled for billions of ligh... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1pdfon/why_does_even_a_laser_beam_spread_out_after_a/ | {
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"cd1bu5g",
"cd1byti",
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"score": [
3,
5,
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Perhaps the easiest explanation as to why we can not make or have divergence-less light comes from the uncertainty relations. Uncertainty in the momentum of light means that we ca... | [] | [
"http://www.quora.com/Is-the-light-from-lasers-reduced-by-the-inverse-square-law-as-distance-grows-similar-to-other-light-sources",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/152bf2/is_there_a_such_thing_as_a_perfect_laser_do_all/"
] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh_range"
],
[],
[]
] | |
70unlm | How did Vikings and Lapps deal with gnats and mosquitos? | In Sweden, especially the northern parts and just even slightly away from the coastal parts (and even theree sometimes), there's so many mosquitos and gnats that is impossible to be outside unless it's wintertime! So how did people deal with that? They worked and fought, hunted, even worked the land later on, so they ... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/70unlm/how_did_vikings_and_lapps_deal_with_gnats_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"dn6chzm",
"dn6q5ma"
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"score": [
9,
5
],
"text": [
"This doesn't address Scandinavia specifically, but you might be interested in [this earlier answer](_URL_0_) about the *ubiquity* of little itchy things in medieval Europe and how people just had to deal.",
"Answer from ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4wewo5/given_the_prevalence_of_lice_fleas_and_bedbugs/d66kqtp/"
],
[]
] | |
eqm5bf | why do lemons sometimes become all green and moldy, while other times they become rock-hard when you forget to eat/use them? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/eqm5bf/eli5_why_do_lemons_sometimes_become_all_green_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"feuez88",
"feusfc1"
],
"score": [
3,
7
],
"text": [
"Depends on the environment. It's the same as why some bread will just go hard and stale while other will grow moldy.\n\nA good experiment is getting a new pack of sliced bread and taking the first slice with some gloves on a... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2jfcwd | Why did the descendants of Proto-Indo-European come to dominate so much of the world? | [I understand that the Americas, Australia and many other parts of the world are due to recent colonisation, so I'll ignore them from the equation]
PIE descendants are spoken in most of Europe, India and Iran. When PIE first started developing, there would have been many other languages throughout these areas, so why ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2jfcwd/why_did_the_descendants_of_protoindoeuropean_come/ | {
"a_id": [
"clb6kmz",
"clbn20y",
"clbqhzi"
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"score": [
7,
3,
3
],
"text": [
"While welcome here, this might reach more informed audiences at r/askanthropology and r/linguistics",
"You can speak an ancient people's language without being their descendant",
" > PIE descend... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1s25dp/would_the_inhabitants_of_europe_before_the/"
]
] | |
2wwywy | How do historians distinguish between the Medieval and Renaissance periods in Europe? What are the major signs? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2wwywy/how_do_historians_distinguish_between_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"couvqyf"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Similar question from 2 weeks ago:\n\n[What ended the Middle Ages?](_URL_0_)"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2vg58q/what_ended_the_middle_ages/"
]
] | ||
66ioib | If I steep a tea bag in hot water, will it eventually reach equilibrium and stop diffusing flavor and caffeine? | How long would that take? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/66ioib/if_i_steep_a_tea_bag_in_hot_water_will_it/ | {
"a_id": [
"dgj9ygs"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Depends on how much flavoring and caffeine are in the teabag and the solubility of both in the water at your given temperature. \n\nIf the amount of flavoring and caffeine in the teabag is less than the maximum solubility of them in water, all of... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
r61k2 | Is the universe making us smaller? | Okay, so we take as a given here that the universe is expanding. And that doesn't just mean matter is spreading further but the universe itself is growing- in other words second-to-second there's more...'reality' for lack of a better term (if I'm already wrong go ahead and stop me here.)
Now, mass/energy is constant, ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/r61k2/is_the_universe_making_us_smaller/ | {
"a_id": [
"c436jav"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"The metric expansion of space only happens on the very large scale. On a more local scale, the scale of galaxies and such, gravitational attraction overrides the expansion."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
c7re9o | why aren't tv shows that follow criminals, like drug smugglers, forced to hand over footage? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c7re9o/eli5_why_arent_tv_shows_that_follow_criminals/ | {
"a_id": [
"esh6t00",
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"score": [
2,
2,
2
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"text": [
"Aren't they \"handing it over\" by publicizing it?",
"It really depends on the ethics of the filmmaker / journalist. I know in the States we have the Freedom of the Press. This allows Filmmakers and... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
cr9xcq | Italian army during WW2 - what were conscription practices and how possible was it to avoid military service entirely? (Researching for a work of fiction) | Hello historians,
(repost of an earlier now-deleted post, reformulated the title in the form of a question)
I've got a piece of fiction slowly developing in my head, concerning the slow death of a friendship between two men in postwar Italy in the early 1950s. (Well, in the then Free State of Trieste, to be specific.... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/cr9xcq/italian_army_during_ww2_what_were_conscription/ | {
"a_id": [
"ex3mhy4"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"How much \"entirely\"? Give him a \"war-priority\" job, or make him a very lucky career officer.\n\n\nIf you can read Italian, then you should probably check [Virgilio Ilari's *Storia del servizio militare in Italia*](_URL_0_).\n\n\nAs a general ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://issuu.com/rivista.militare1/docs/05_-_storia_del_servizio_militare_i"
]
] | |
c9u29t | inspired by an earlier post on Germany, wondering how the formation of Germany’s states gave rise to the failed democracy in the Weimar Republic? | Was it purely a political failure after Bismarck’s death and lack of leadership or was it affected by nationalism and identity of Germany that then gave rise to Nazism? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/c9u29t/inspired_by_an_earlier_post_on_germany_wondering/ | {
"a_id": [
"et7550y"
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"text": [
"The fate of democracy in the Weimar Republic is the source of no small amount of debate within modern German historiography. Certain factors, however, can be generally agreed upon as contributing to the less than robust state of Weimar democracy ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
k4ag1 | How does hydrogen peroxide make hair a lighter color? | And why, on some people, does it make hair turn an orangey color, whereas with others it makes it blonder? Does it have to do with what the "base" color of the hair is? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/k4ag1/how_does_hydrogen_peroxide_make_hair_a_lighter/ | {
"a_id": [
"c2he9s2",
"c2hfx7n",
"c2he9s2",
"c2hfx7n"
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"score": [
8,
6,
8,
6
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"text": [
"Hydrogen peroxide is unstable, particularly in light, and emits oxygen free radicals. These oxygen free radicals combine with whatever materials they touch - in this case, hair. ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
ohuqa | Does the human body utilize the nitrogen in air? | I know that air is comprised primarily of nitrogen (78%) my question is does the human body actually use any of it for any metabolic function or is it simply discarded? Why is it that we didn't evolve to breathe nitrogen when it is by far the most abundant gas in the atmosphere? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ohuqa/does_the_human_body_utilize_the_nitrogen_in_air/ | {
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"score": [
35,
19,
3,
2
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"text": [
"[Molecular nitrogen](_URL_1_) is too inert to be used in any biochemical processes, and doesn't play a role in human metabolism. \n\nHumans do use nitrogen (in the form of [ammon... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea_cycle",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen#Applications_of_nitrogen_compounds",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_ion"
],
[
"http://www.uh.edu/engines/fritzhaber.jpg",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C... | |
16hyy6 | What were some of the long term effects of the 1953 Iranian Coup? | Also if anyone could recommend any good books on this event that would be great. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/16hyy6/what_were_some_of_the_long_term_effects_of_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7wcfir",
"c7wdftj"
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"score": [
5,
3
],
"text": [
"These things are slippery of course. But there seems to be a pretty good argument for two major long term effects: \n\n1. Short term: restoration of the shah as the center of power in Iran. At the time of the coup he was es... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.amazon.com/All-Shahs-Men-American-Middle/dp/047018549X"
]
] | |
flt6z | is time standing still at the speed of light? | what i gathered from the (awesome) answer by RobotRollCall on the topic "Why exactly can nothing go faster than the speed of light?" time is moving slower the faster you go. and at the absolute speed of light, is time then standing still?
_URL_0_ | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/flt6z/is_time_standing_still_at_the_speed_of_light/ | {
"a_id": [
"c1gvat1"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"this is kind of breaking my brain. so a photon at the speed of light (and time standing still) can travel EVERYWHERE and back again in the universe in no time at all? \n\nuniverse\ny u no easy to understand"
]
} | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/fjwkh/why_exactly_can_nothing_go_faster_than_the_speed/c1gh4x7"
] | [
[]
] | |
4sjztk | how long does a fly have to spend on your food before it has done anything that may pose any sort of health risk? | By "done anything" I mean, for example, the vomiting that the fly must do as part of its eating process. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4sjztk/eli5_how_long_does_a_fly_have_to_spend_on_your/ | {
"a_id": [
"d59vvf2",
"d5a4fc6"
],
"score": [
2,
6
],
"text": [
"The length of time he's on food has little to do with it. What matters is what is on the fly, and if it gets on the food. There really is no way to predict it. A fly walks around on shit a lot and can potentially carry th... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
13jwkz | How fast does something have to spin before it looks like a blur? | Kinda hard to word but for example: say I'm spinning my pen around my hand like normal. I want to know how fast I would have to spin it so it would look like a solid blur, they way wheels and tires stop looking like they're spinning and just look like a blur if they're spinning fast enough.
If it seems like a stupid q... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/13jwkz/how_fast_does_something_have_to_spin_before_it/ | {
"a_id": [
"c74mrzh"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"Your eyes can't detect any changes that happen under 10 milliseconds. Did you know the digits on your alarm clock aren't on all at the same time? They rotate every few milliseconds to save on power consumption / prolong life."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
54kfr1 | My teacher says that the 1800 election was the first time in world history that power was peacefully transferred between parties. It seems too general to be true. Is he right? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/54kfr1/my_teacher_says_that_the_1800_election_was_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"d82ovsf",
"d82qc0k",
"d838hyl"
],
"score": [
131,
51,
21
],
"text": [
"This seems to me like the kind of claim that can only be supported with a ton of goalpost moving on the terms of \"peace,\" \"transfer,\" and \"party\" against counter-examples. \n\nEG 1 In 1714 the... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Breda",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Harley,_1st_Earl_of_Oxford_and_Earl_Mortimer",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration_(England)"
],
[],
[]
] | ||
1hhamx | Can you use embryonic stem cells to change someone's sex? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1hhamx/can_you_use_embryonic_stem_cells_to_change/ | {
"a_id": [
"caug452",
"caugnzg",
"caujrvh"
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"score": [
2,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"In terms of a female to male transgender your looking to create a penis and testes. This probably shouldn't be *too* hard as you would need to generate a proto-phallus and target it with the correct hor... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21829115.600-artificial-ovary-mimics-real-hormone-levels.html",
"http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/28/health/research/28novelties.html?_r=0",
"http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2013/02/growing-new-hearts-without-using-embryonic-stem-cells/"
],
[]
] | ||
2yn2o5 | If photons travel along waves with varying frequencies, but these waves all traverse distance at the same speed (c), then are the photons in higher frequency waves, which would be longer, traveling faster? | I feel like there must be something I'm not understanding about wave/particle duality that would explain this. I've included a [diagram] (_URL_0_) I drew to further illustrate the question. Thanks in advance! | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2yn2o5/if_photons_travel_along_waves_with_varying/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpb3i8k",
"cpbaj9z",
"cpbb47k"
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"score": [
61,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"Both photons travel in straight lines.\n\nThe wave is not the path that the photon takes. The wave is a representation of the electromagnetic field associated with that photon.\n",
"Photons of hig... | [] | [
"http://m.imgur.com/lRewDJD"
] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://physics.stackexchange.com/a/3410"
]
] | |
fyjint | where did the idea of bears being cuddly and lovable and the idea of teddy bears in pop culture come from l, and why did we pick a animal that's a killing machine to give this image to? | I was also asking where the idea of the actual animal being friendly and cartoony came from | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fyjint/eli5_where_did_the_idea_of_bears_being_cuddly_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"fn09jz7",
"fn09mi9",
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"score": [
7,
67,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"The \"Teddy Bear\" was created after Teddy Roosevelt went on a bear hunt that went nowhere. Trappers brought him a caged bear as a trophy instead, but Ted said that was too unspo... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
lyz5w | When an animal dies, what causes the individual cells to die out? | Is it lack of oxygen? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/lyz5w/when_an_animal_dies_what_causes_the_individual/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"The cells in a multi cellular organism are kind of like people living in a community. Different people (cells) have specialised roles, like a farmer, who's role is to produce food, or a doctor who keeps people healthy.\n\nWi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
13ag0f | Are there any more effective methods than helmets to reduce the risk of brain injuries? | Talking just a typical bicycle helmet.
Sometimes I get hung up on just how incredibly fragile the human brain is - one quick jerk and you've got microfractures and broken synapses left and right. Are there any better protective measures to be taken?
Hypothetically related: what are some potential mechanisms to desi... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/13ag0f/are_there_any_more_effective_methods_than_helmets/ | {
"a_id": [
"c727ocp",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"This is a major problem in NFL football these days, but as long as there is contact to the head there is a risk of injury. There is an idea floating around that removing helmets altogether would increase safety via a lack of... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.dainese.com/us_en/d-air/d-air-street"
]
] | |
5bag4q | how come when a neutron star spins incredibly fast, it creates radio jets and becomes a pulsar? | On the same note, are there neutron stars that spin rapidly just like a pulsar but just don't have their radio jets? If that's the case, then how does a pulsar obtain it's radio jets? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5bag4q/eli5_how_come_when_a_neutron_star_spins/ | {
"a_id": [
"d9myt51"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Every neutron star spins rapidly and produces radio jets. This is because as the star gets compacted down it has to maintain its angular momentum, the same way a dancer brings their arms in to spin faster. The radio jets come from the fact that ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6to388 | why do other countries (outside of the us) have little or no commercial breaks on tv? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6to388/eli5_why_do_other_countries_outside_of_the_us/ | {
"a_id": [
"dlm4oa3",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"You may want to be more specific as many countries have just as many commercials on TV as the US does.",
"Turkey has 2 hour long shows with 1 hour advertisement. They usually take 7 to 10 minute bre... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
4zarur | why does mold grow slower in colder temperatures? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4zarur/eli5_why_does_mold_grow_slower_in_colder/ | {
"a_id": [
"d6ubeyk"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Life is just chemical reactions. Chemical reactions either produce heat, or take heat from their surroundings.\n\nThe act of reproduction is lots and lots of chemical reactions, some of which need heat from the surrounding environment. If there's... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
34z70t | what functions do d3 and 2 have in automatic cars and what situations should i be using them? | Also, is there any fuel efficiency or hazardous weather uses for them? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/34z70t/eli5_what_functions_do_d3_and_2_have_in_automatic/ | {
"a_id": [
"cqzfjpg"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Those are your \"low gears\". They're good for climbing steep grades, towing, and you can also use them as an \"engine brake\" when you're going down a steep hill so you don't have to hit your brakes as much and wear them out. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1127is | Is a "runner's high" a minor form of Hypoxia? | I recently started running again and coincidently, learned of the causes and symptoms of Hypoxia around the same time. Is it possible, or does anybody know if a "runner's high" is a minor form of Hypoxia? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1127is/is_a_runners_high_a_minor_form_of_hypoxia/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6ios1a"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Runner's high is caused by the release of endorphins caused by the strain of using your muscles for a prolonged time. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
b2meuh | how cold does it have to be for food not to spoil? | so i've read that it takes three months for food to spoil in the freezer which is usually at -20*c, however what happens if we turn it down to say -270*c?
it's not absolute 0, but it's not far from it either | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/b2meuh/how_cold_does_it_have_to_be_for_food_not_to_spoil/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"All living organisms have a certain temperature range in which they function best. The reason why we refrigerate out foods is because all the most common contaminates have this range around 20-40C. So while the lowered temperature does not comple... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
cus1xe | Philippines during Latin American Wars of Independence | Basically the title, what was the general mood of the populace in the Philippines during the Latin American Wars of Independence and in extension the Napoleonic Wars and why it did not join. Not even Wikipedia has entry on Philippines during that time, only "The two exceptions to independence were the islands of Cuba a... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/cus1xe/philippines_during_latin_american_wars_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"exzz8cc"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"I think this is a good opportunity to point out a major issue with historiography of the Philippines. That is, when people talk about Philippine independence they are doing so through the lens of mainly the Tagalog people, and to a lesser extent ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
36bqcf | - how were roads built and paved before large machines were invented? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/36bqcf/eli5_how_were_roads_built_and_paved_before_large/ | {
"a_id": [
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"Mostly by hand. They'd have [lots of people](_URL_1_) involved, though. Sometimes crews of hundreds or even thousands. \n\nEven today, with all the large machines, there are inaccessible places or places where there's no financial incentive or ot... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/24/this-man-cut-a-road-throu_n_6939898.html",
"http://i.imgur.com/oeX1c5p.jpg"
]
] | ||
1bzg4d | How accountable was the average member of Nazi German groups such as the Einsanzgruppen and the Reserve Police Battalion for the Holocaust? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1bzg4d/how_accountable_was_the_average_member_of_nazi/ | {
"a_id": [
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2
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"text": [
"In an academic sense, there are three categories to place those responsible for the Holocaust: perpetrators, collaborators and bystanders. (_URL_0_ - just one academic example, but Google searches for \"Perpetrators collabor... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ucl.ac.uk/ijs/ijs-events-publication/simon-wiesenthal-memorial-lecture",
"http://www.holocaust-history.org/intro-einsatz/"
],
[]
] | ||
6nvn4u | does celibacy contribute to increased proficiency and productivity? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6nvn4u/eli5_does_celibacy_contribute_to_increased/ | {
"a_id": [
"dkclc75"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"ELI5 rules dictate that I can't just reply with \"no\" but if I could, I would. Yes, there were some notoriously brilliant people who were celibate, but there are millions of people out there in the world right now who are celibate (either by cho... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
su2l1 | How does an advance in telescope technology allow us to look "further back in time" when the speed of light obviously hasn't changed? | Are the advances in telescope technology allowing us to see more distant features of the universe (further away in time) because they are more sensitive to light? Or, put another way, are we able to see the universe at earlier and earlier stages of existence because the telescopes we have are better at gathering the ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/su2l1/how_does_an_advance_in_telescope_technology_allow/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4gyurx"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Very distant objects (such as the most distant galaxies observed to date, at about 12.7 billion light years away) - are extremely dim (because they are so far away).\n\nThe telescope where I work uses a 27 ft primary mirror (the worlds largest si... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
81dxx9 | the tariff war in 2002 and how the proposed 25% tariff for steel imports from canada will hurt the us economy | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/81dxx9/eli5_the_tariff_war_in_2002_and_how_the_proposed/ | {
"a_id": [
"dv2hofk",
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"score": [
12,
3
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"text": [
"This is argued every day with many viewpoints. This is ELI5. \n\nIf the leaders of a country want their industries to grow they impose tariffs, taxes on imported goods. That helps local companies produce these goods which m... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
317z2z | how does someone live without a gallbladder? does it change how they eat? if so, how? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/317z2z/eli5_how_does_someone_live_without_a_gallbladder/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpz6i1z"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I live just fine without a gall bladder. I have not changed my diet in the slightest.\n\nA gall bladder allows me to store bile, so that in theory, if I suddenly ate (say) an entire bucket of lard, I would have enough bile ready to digest it.\n\... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
9x3i4b | I was brought up in Texas in the mid-late 90's and during middle school Civil War history we were taught that Robert E. Lee was a well organized masterful tactician, while Grant was a drunk who won more so due to resources and fortunate circumstances. How true is this? | Also we were taught that the Grant administration was the most corrupt in American history. Now that I'm a bit older I'm wondering how much of this was true and how much this was southern textbook manufacturers attempting to rewrite history in their favor. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9x3i4b/i_was_brought_up_in_texas_in_the_midlate_90s_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"e9pn61g",
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"score": [
80,
18
],
"text": [
"It's hard to overstate just how off-base and factually incorrect this analysis is, at least from the Grant side of things. No offense meant to OP, who seems to have been the victim of what was, for a time, a standard Lost ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9kom99/william_tecumseh_sherman_became_famous_and/"
],
[]
] | |
202w65 | Is it possible for an embryo to continue growing without developing into a fetus? | As some time passes the embryo develops into a fetus, but is it possible for the embryo to continue to grow as a clump of cells without the cells ever specializing into what they should? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/202w65/is_it_possible_for_an_embryo_to_continue_growing/ | {
"a_id": [
"cfzc0vu",
"cfzgcp5"
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"score": [
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3
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"text": [
"Theoretically, the cells that form the inner cell mass of the blastocyst could progress through division without initiating the process of differentiation, however, that would result in the spontaneous abortion of the embryo... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000909.htm"
]
] | |
su5dr | [For everyone] I'm looking for examples of riots that were started for reasons we now find ridiculous... | I find riots fascinating generally, but I've always been especially interested in the ones that seem to spring up over things that appear to be absolutely nuts. Some particularly great examples:
- [The St. Scholastica Day Riot of 1355](_URL_2_); Oxford students outraged by the poor quality of the beer they had been s... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/su5dr/for_everyone_im_looking_for_examples_of_riots/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4gzpwf",
"c4gzq3k",
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"c4h6tph",
"c4h6xt6",
"c4hauz3"
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"score": [
57,
48,
... | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astor_Place_Riot",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw_Hat_Riot",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Scholastica_Day_riot"
] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_music_riot",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring#Premi.C3.A8re"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Price_Riots,_1809"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoot_Suit_Riots"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Vancouver... | |
6z95ku | why do we have an easier time sorting things by strings of numbers vs by strings of letters? (ex: t#124567 vs t# asedtz) | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6z95ku/eli5_why_do_we_have_an_easier_time_sorting_things/ | {
"a_id": [
"dmtfekp"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"The order of numbers is meaningful, 2 comes before 7 for a reason. We are also used to counting up and counting down, which reinforces this order in our minds.\n\nThe order of letters is arbitrary, we could rearrange the alphabet and it wouldn't... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4mz05r | How can people predict when the next eclipse ,years from now, will happen, but can't predict the weather more than a few days from now? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4mz05r/how_can_people_predict_when_the_next_eclipse/ | {
"a_id": [
"d4b7szh"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Orbits and whether are both chaotic, so a tiny inaccuracy will grow exponentially until our model is useless. But with orbits, that's a *really* tiny exponent. With weather, things interact quickly. Small errors build up fast. With planets, you c... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
83u38z | if dna contains informations about our whole body, why can we not regenerate certain body parts if they gets removed? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/83u38z/eli5_if_dna_contains_informations_about_our_whole/ | {
"a_id": [
"dvkj9qw",
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"score": [
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26,
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16,
2,
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2,
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2
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"text": [
"IKEA instructions do not equal a finished I... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://newatlas.com/human-body-regeneration-worm-genes/46670/",
"http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3729455/Could-humans-regrow-limbs-Genetic-switches-regenerating-tissue-traced-420-million-years.html"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5559295/"
],
[],
... | ||
5m6fmy | The Alaska Purchase in 1867 is often called Seward's Folly, dubbed so by detractors. Did many Russians oppose selling the land? If so, on what grounds? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5m6fmy/the_alaska_purchase_in_1867_is_often_called/ | {
"a_id": [
"dc1cauo",
"dc1ij23"
],
"score": [
14,
98
],
"text": [
"Followup: How many Russians (or others) actually lived in Alaska at the time of purchase?",
"Great question. **The principal Russian reaction against the sale was driven by people who had financial interests in the Rus... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
3u0p3w | What is the historical consensus on Reagan's presidency | I've come across a particularly scathing review of the Reagan administration. It starts out with, "Reagan was hands down, the worst president in our history," and continues on to make several more accusations, including waging economic war and increasing inflation. This seems a bit biased to me, and I would like to kno... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3u0p3w/what_is_the_historical_consensus_on_reagans/ | {
"a_id": [
"cxaymlb"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"The consensus is still forming. However, Reagan is neither the icon he is portrayed as on the right or the demon of the left. The historical consensus on Reagan's presidency is still developing and is an exceptionally contentious topic, though... | [] | [
"http://pastebin.com/uXsL1jFM"
] | [
[]
] | |
6ns7j7 | how do ancestry reports work? | 23andme says I'm 100% European. How is that if all human life can be traced back to Africa? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6ns7j7/eli5_how_do_ancestry_reports_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"dkc17er"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Scientists have collected DNA from different ethnic groups all over the world. There are certain markers on DNA or RNA, they can calculate what mutations have occurred and how fast they happen. \n\nMitochondria (the powerhouse of the cell) are o... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1vx5kr | I'm aware of why so many Irish left their homes in the 19th C, but what about Scandinavians, Germans and Chinese? What made them come to North America in large numbers? | I'm mostly Irish by heritage, and most of those Irish ancestors arrived in Canada and the US between 1840-70.
I also have a fair fraction of Swedish and Finnish, and I'm curious why so many Nordics left their homes at this time. I'm aware Minnesota in the States is very ethnically and historically Scandinavian, as ar... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1vx5kr/im_aware_of_why_so_many_irish_left_their_homes_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"cewpmsj",
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"cewy3zs"
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"score": [
20,
16,
31,
7,
12,
2,
6
],
"text": [
"The Chinese came but not as immigrants but more temporary workers. Much like in Singapore the Chinese came to ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.dropbox.com/s/kg2aawo8d1t2heu/Global%20immigration_pdf.pdf"
],
[
"http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/German.html",
"http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/1871/section4.rhtml"
],
[
"http://www.amazon.com/Emigrants-Emigrant-Novels-Vilhelm-Moberg/dp/0873513193/ref=sr_1_1?ie... | |
14ff2b | Spanish / Latino Historians: How long did it take for countries (Mexico for example) to comprehensively adopt Español as their national language? | disculpamé, I am asking about Conquistador states of Latino America and the Philippines. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/14ff2b/spanish_latino_historians_how_long_did_it_take/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7cltu7"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"You might want to clarify your use of \"comprehensive.\" You can still find villages in Mexico where every single person speaks Tzotzil or Tzeltal or something, and only one or two speak Spanish."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
5jvge0 | how did kings know how much was in their coffers and avoid having it picked at by treasurers? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5jvge0/eli5_how_did_kings_know_how_much_was_in_their/ | {
"a_id": [
"dbjauol",
"dbji32e"
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"score": [
33,
20
],
"text": [
"This is still a problem in the present day. The answer is: you have another, independent person (an auditor) come in and make a separate count. And you warn the treasurer that this is going to happen, again and again, so t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
6zulb9 | how did the united states first distribute and get people to use the dollar? | Something that really confuses me is the beginning of US currency. I understand that it was at some point distributed but how? Who did they decide to give the first dollars to? And more importantly, how did they get people to start using this currency rather than to continue trading goods for services or using coins?
... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6zulb9/eli5how_did_the_united_states_first_distribute/ | {
"a_id": [
"dmy44eg",
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"score": [
4,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Early dollars were silver coins. Minting coins was just creating a standardized amount of silver to simplify using it as a commodity.\n\nMore generally, governments promote the use of their currency by ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
u0pv0 | Saturn V Launched From The Moon; How Fast Would It Go? | All this talk of moon colonization today got me wondering what kind of launch speeds we could achieve from the moon using similar tech we've built here on Earth.
Saturn V was, I believe, the fastest vehicle ever made and reached a speed of 45,000 mph in the later stages.
How fast could it have gone without the annoya... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/u0pv0/saturn_v_launched_from_the_moon_how_fast_would_it/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4rdbv7"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"By my rough calculations, the three stages of a Saturn V with no payload unencumbered by gravity or air resistance would be able to achieve the following speed relative to their initial velocity: \n5.7 km/s + 5.6 km/s + 10.3 km/s = 21.6 km/s whic... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
35sbsg | when and why did universities start inflating their tuition rates so much? | Just want to understand why I'm so poor | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/35sbsg/eli5_when_and_why_did_universities_start/ | {
"a_id": [
"cr7cjyo",
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"score": [
5,
6
],
"text": [
"In the U.S. a large part of the rising tuition over the past few decades is universities trying to offer a better \"campus life\" than others. Instead of just offering better academics, schools started competing over who had... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1jzqja | the differences between 501c4, 501c3 and llc, and 527. | So my little group of folks are considering filing for nonprofit.
Here are the options:
1. Have the national organization file as a 501c4.
2. Have the national organization file as a 501c3 and LLC.
3. Have the national organization file as a 527.
(And then some combinations between local and national filing tog... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1jzqja/eli5_the_differences_between_501c4_501c3_and_llc/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbjvrsw"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"The ones that start with numbers are tax-exempt organizations under the IRS tax code.\n\n501c4 is for social welfare organizations and employee assosiations.\n\n501c3 is pretty broad and includes religious institutions, charities, educational ins... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
10167y | what is the common ancestor of birds? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/10167y/what_is_the_common_ancestor_of_birds/ | {
"a_id": [
"c69hgin"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"A dromaeosaur theropod definitely seems to be the best fit. Archaopteryx seems to be fairly basal (close to the ancestor of all birds). "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
29w78d | is there a way to get over phobias? | I hate bugs so much. They make my heart skip some times. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/29w78d/eli5_is_there_a_way_to_get_over_phobias/ | {
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],
"text": [
"Yes. Usually Exposure therapy. Your body has an irrational fear response. Exposure therapy teaches you how to calm down during that fear response.",
"Prog... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://www.guidetopsychology.com/sysden.htm"
],
[],
[]
] | |
3mkn43 | why do we grab our chest when we are startled? | "Oh my God you scared me" | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3mkn43/eli5_why_do_we_grab_our_chest_when_we_are_startled/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvfqfca",
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"score": [
10,
17
],
"text": [
"My guess would be it has something to do with a natural reaction to protect the heart area of your chest. Sort of like an instictive fear response. ",
"I just did a quick google a managed to find a little info that may... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
80f2dq | what is a sanctuary city in the usa and what is typical daily life like for illegal immigrants who live there? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/80f2dq/eli5_what_is_a_sanctuary_city_in_the_usa_and_what/ | {
"a_id": [
"duv2svm",
"duv2x5s",
"duv389n"
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"score": [
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"A sanctuary cities is one whose local government refuses to help the Federal government in checking to make sure an immigrant is here legally, or retaining someone who is here illegally till the Federal... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://abcnews.go.com/US/ohio-mom-set-deportation-traffic-violation/story?id=48961152",
"http://sfgov.org/oceia/sanctuary-city-ordinance-0"
],
[]
] | ||
66eash | how do lotteries that reward $1000 a day work? | I've seen commercials for lotteries where if you win, you get $1000 a day for life. How does this work, how can they keep supporting all the winners? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/66eash/eli5how_do_lotteries_that_reward_1000_a_day_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"dght0ri",
"dghwf7j"
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"That really is not that much money in lottery terms. That is $365,000 a year. Over 10 years that is only $3.65 Million, and $14.6 Million over 40 years.\n\n$14.6 million is not that much money in lottery terms. ",
"Basic... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
yggnh | I just watched Armageddon and it got me thinking, if an apocalyptic-sized asteroid were on a collision course with Earth, does Nasa have any plans in place to destroy it before contact? Or would we actually all be screwed? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/yggnh/i_just_watched_armageddon_and_it_got_me_thinking/ | {
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"text": [
"You wouldn't want to destroy it, you'd just end up with a big ball of sand coming at you (if it didn't reform), which would impart just as much energy onto earth, just in a differe... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_tractor"
],
[
"http://phys.org/news/2012-08-armageddon-looming-bruce-willis-bother.html",
"http://theskepticsguide.org/archive/podcastinfo.aspx?mid=1&pid=369"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote_%28spacecraft%29",
"http://www.esa.int... | ||
2iaqnh | Did lancers really use their lances as javelins? | From [this video](_URL_0_), we see that a few times (e.g. at 10:15 and following) a horseman opts to throw their lance at the enemy as opposed to actually lancing them.
Did this really happen or is this just movie make belief?
It seems counter intuitive to me considering how heavy a lance would appear to be. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2iaqnh/did_lancers_really_use_their_lances_as_javelins/ | {
"a_id": [
"cl0t872"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"From the video link you seem to suggest that you are talking about \"lances\" in the sense of the Crimean War period. Could you please clarify this is what you mean?\n\nActual kontos and thrusting spears (such as those used by cataphracti) were ... | [] | [
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dyqcZMsBOU4"
] | [
[]
] | |
9d2wku | How much more advanced and safer is a nuclear power plant built today compared to one built in 1986? | I was recently thinking about how much better computers have gotten in the past few decades, and wondered if nuclear power plants had improved along the same rate of improvement. I chose 1986 because of the Chernobyl incident, but I'm kind of talking about all types of nuclear power not just the Chernobyl type of react... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9d2wku/how_much_more_advanced_and_safer_is_a_nuclear/ | {
"a_id": [
"e5fg3av",
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"e5fp40j",
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"e5g39t4"
],
"score": [
41,
4,
7,
6,
7,
5,
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],
"text": [
"Engineering?\n\nChernobyl was based on a stupid reactor type that is not built any more. I... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://whatisnuclear.com/thorium.html"
],
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"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/AGR_reactor_schematic.svg",
"https://www.nrc.gov/images/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/student-pwr.gif",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Magnox_r... | |
1vr3lg | If energy cannot be created or destroyed, how come the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate? Where does the energy for this expansion come from? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1vr3lg/if_energy_cannot_be_created_or_destroyed_how_come/ | {
"a_id": [
"cev0gnp",
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"score": [
37,
1724,
33,
2,
6,
2
],
"text": [
"The energy that is causing the accelerated expansion is [Dark Energy](_URL_2_). There is an [AskScience thread](_URL_0_) with a rel... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1bve0l/why_does_our_universe_continue_to_expand_if_there/",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_energy",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy"
],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1vr3lg/if_energy_cannot_be_created_or_destroyed_ho... | ||
2m06wa | why does gillette advertise against their own product? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2m06wa/eli5_why_does_gillette_advertise_against_their/ | {
"a_id": [
"clzqt0a"
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"score": [
3
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"text": [
"Gillette is by far the leader in the razor market. The Fusion blades are more expensive than the Mach 3 blades, so they get the most bang for their buck by convincing Mach 3 users to upgrade rather than getting others to switch from competitors."... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
68o54e | why isnt the number 11 pronounced onety-one? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/68o54e/eli5why_isnt_the_number_11_pronounced_onetyone/ | {
"a_id": [
"dgzxnly",
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],
"score": [
8,
3
],
"text": [
"English is a Germanic-derived language, and Germanic cultures counted by twelves sometimes instead of tens. This is why the concept of a \"dozen\" exists.\n\nThe words *eleven* and *twelve* come from *einliff* and *twaliff*... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
5k2z4v | I found this piece of paper behind a photo of a German WW2 soldier can someone help me identify it? | _URL_0_
It was cut in half and I don't have rest.
Thanks | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5k2z4v/i_found_this_piece_of_paper_behind_a_photo_of_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"dbkw0tc",
"dbkx0j0"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Hiya,\n\nFrom my limited German, it appears to be an issue of orders to an [occupation force? Literally \"something-land-service.\"]. I'll leave it up to any number of actually-fluent German speakers to provide more informat... | [] | [
"http://i.imgur.com/nQn9uwh.jpg"
] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/rules#wiki_privacy"
],
[]
] | |
3bqcna | Did Roman propaganda have any basis in fact? | I ask this as someone with a great interest in ancient classical history. I admittedly have made a conscious effort over the years to avoid siding with or using the ancient roman perspective when learning about or evaluating ancient cultures and the world in which they lived. With this in mind I want to try and break d... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3bqcna/did_roman_propaganda_have_any_basis_in_fact/ | {
"a_id": [
"csozmnx",
"cspn5r8"
],
"score": [
7,
5
],
"text": [
"I can speak a bit about the Parthians. In essence, it was a mixed bag, because in some cases, there was respect, in others not so much.\nHere is a quote from Justin epitomizing Trogus:\n\n\"Each man has several wives, for th... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3ppbn4 | why are kids taught to use "x" to mean multiplication until the age of ~11, when they switch to "·"? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ppbn4/eli5_why_are_kids_taught_to_use_x_to_mean/ | {
"a_id": [
"cw899yr"
],
"score": [
9
],
"text": [
"It is very important that they learn what a punctuation mark or decimal point is. It may be difficult for young kids to discern the difference between . and · especially when handwritten.\n\nx as a multiplication symbol only works until you nee... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
q95wq | Are there any theories/speculation which attempt to explain the logic behind quantum information decomposing following observation? | Like in the Double Slit experiment the interference pattern of light/electrons changes from wave to particle just because of observation? Is probability itself a dimension of the universe? What are the mechanics behind observation's effect on the location of the basic building blocks of matter? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/q95wq/are_there_any_theoriesspeculation_which_attempt/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3vt04e"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"The electrons don't actually change from a wave to a particle, that's just a convenient (but now severely outdated) approximation. The particles actually follow the same rules all the time. [Here](_URL_0_) is a very good introduction that uses th... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://lesswrong.com/lw/r6/an_intuitive_explanation_of_quantum_mechanics/"
]
] | |
2lrhgk | where do we find the room to bury the dead? | Maybe I'm missing something here, but it seems that the amount of people who die after each consecutive generation far outweighs the land set aside to bury the bodies (graveyards, burial grounds etc). | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2lrhgk/eli5_where_do_we_find_the_room_to_bury_the_dead/ | {
"a_id": [
"clxghz3",
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"score": [
51,
7,
11,
8,
2,
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"text": [
"Individual graveyard burial generally doesn't last forever. Eventually the soft parts of a... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossuary"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
d8u3jr | how much water is on the international space station? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/d8u3jr/eli5_how_much_water_is_on_the_international_space/ | {
"a_id": [
"f1cpgh6"
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"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Yep, recycling is critical, since there's really no feasible way to constantly be sending new water tanks into space to refill drinking water supplies. \n\n\nFrom what I've read, the ISS is able to keep a reserve of 530 gallons of drinking water... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4kg34a | The Nazis refered to themselves as socialists, but also spoke of their struggle against marxism. How did they distinguish their beliefs from the Soviets? Was it just thinly veiled xenophobia? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4kg34a/the_nazis_refered_to_themselves_as_socialists_but/ | {
"a_id": [
"d3er2n5",
"d3expxo"
],
"score": [
48,
26
],
"text": [
"At first, the National Socialist Party did have a leftist component, and the party even put out a plan that called for the redistribution of capital. Hitler, however, only promoted socialism in order to garner as much sup... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1s5es4/if_hitler_hated_communism_why_did_he_use/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/sipie/to_what_extent_was_the_national_socialist_german/"
],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3vdkls/why_did_the_nazis_first_label_t... | ||
4xqmkp | different types of radiation | Why do different particles emit different types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma, etc)? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4xqmkp/eli5_different_types_of_radiation/ | {
"a_id": [
"d6hmove",
"d6huosx"
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Think of radiation as a wave. The energy of a particle determines what wave it is. Kind of like light from stars. The higher the energy the whiter it is. On the lower energy scale you get red. Now as an atom starts to decay ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_of_stability#/media/File:Decay_Mode_Valley_of_Stability.jpg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_of_stability",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_of_stability#/media/File:Half_Life_Valley_of_Stability.jpg"
]
] | |
5jng4d | how humans didn't get eaten by predators who heard babies screaming when humans lived in the wild. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5jng4d/eli5how_humans_didnt_get_eaten_by_predators_who/ | {
"a_id": [
"dbhica2",
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"dbhsd7g"
],
"score": [
5,
87,
18,
4,
3,
52,
34,
2
],
"text": [
"Humans built fortifications, often in caves. Lived in fairly sized family bands that off... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
2yodiu | What was Kurdish society like before the Arab invasion? What do we know about Pre-Arab Kurdistan? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2yodiu/what_was_kurdish_society_like_before_the_arab/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpc3rxv"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"One thing that I remember that really stuck out to me when I read the Anabasis, by Xenophon was when they were traveling through the Kurdish mountains of what modern northern Iraq/turkey. \n\nIn the book, a unit of Greek mercenary hoplites gets ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
52a1yj | when would a doctor use stitches, and when would he use staples? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/52a1yj/eli5_when_would_a_doctor_use_stitches_and_when/ | {
"a_id": [
"d7ijktd",
"d7iwemd",
"d7j5252"
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"score": [
6,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"They are interchangeable. Sort of.\n\nA stapled wound and one closed with a non-absorbable suture are similar. Both require medical aid to remove, and for this reason day surgery and short stay surger... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c1199"
],
[],
[]
] | ||
1yb8fj | If our sun didn't give off UV rays could we stare at it without damaging our eyes? | If yes, are there any stars we know of that would qualify? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1yb8fj/if_our_sun_didnt_give_off_uv_rays_could_we_stare/ | {
"a_id": [
"cfj7ycr"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"no. It's not just UV rays that are the problem. (otherwise, with glasses on, with a UV coating, you would be able to. **you should not try this**). It's the fact that your eye's lens focuses light. Like a magnifying lens on an ant. It's simply de... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
30bnpn | how is it that populations of people all across the planet in different countries all developed at relatively the same rate, when there was no means of communication between them? | Why didn't some countries develop thousands of years before others before cross-continental travel? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/30bnpn/eli5_how_is_it_that_populations_of_people_all/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
5,
13,
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Some did. Compare the Europeans of Columbus' time to the Native Americans. They were much further advanced by hundreds of years.",
"They didn't develop at the same rate, it'... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://mentalfloss.com/article/23973/stone-age-people-north-sentinel-island"
]
] | |
8n58ii | How does the size of an atom change as you move through the periodic table? | I know that the mass of an atom is due primarily to the nucleus and the make up of its nucleus determines the atomic number. Since mass and density goes up as we go along the periodic table, I would assume that the overall volume of the atom itself must not increase in a linear way. i.e. an atom with 10 times the mass ... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8n58ii/how_does_the_size_of_an_atom_change_as_you_move/ | {
"a_id": [
"dzu8f7g"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Atoms rarely exist in isolation; they're bonded with other atoms, and that tends to change their sizes. For example, Oxygen picks up two extra electrons and this bloats it enormously. Beryllium gives up two electrons, and that shrinks it enormous... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://chem.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/27878/d94e877d1d04a26ba570df5bf8dec412.jpg"
]
] | |
114ckz | Since Temperature is a measurement of how fast molecules vibrate, would it be possible to heat molecules to a point where their vibration approaches the speed of light? | This may be a stupid question or passed on a lot of false assumptions. But if the high the temperature of of an object the higher the rate of molecular vibration, could theoretically something be heated to a point where its molecules vibrate at a rate approaching C? Would this have implications with time dilation? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/114ckz/since_temperature_is_a_measurement_of_how_fast/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6j89cy",
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"c6jbzu0",
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"score": [
9,
15,
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Temperature is not a measure of how fast molecules vibrate. It is a measure of the kinetic energy of molecules (sum of translational, vibrational, and rotat... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2011/mar/02/neutron-star-has-superfluid-core",
"http://www.astro.ulb.ac.be/~chamel/docs/chamel08.pdf"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_quantum_chemistry"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_%28temperatu... | |
5oqclk | can defense attorneys 'throw' a case if they know their clients are guilty? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5oqclk/eli5_can_defense_attorneys_throw_a_case_if_they/ | {
"a_id": [
"dcl7b6t",
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"score": [
2,
5
],
"text": [
"That would be unethical. In our society, even the guilty are given competent representation. What they can do is seriously suggest that the person take a plea deal. Part of the process requires a good defense or the convicti... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1a54y6 | How did the Romans farm? Did the way they do it change throughout the ages? | I've always been interested in agriculture, and I've read a lot about medieval farming, but for some reason Roman farming seems to be harder to get in to. Perhaps it's because of the reliance on archeology. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1a54y6/how_did_the_romans_farm_did_the_way_they_do_it/ | {
"a_id": [
"c8uh5db"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"The really quick answer: The Roman *ideal* was that of the yeoman, or small landholder, who self-sufficiently farmed his own little plot with the help of his family and a handful of slaves. In reality, however, this ideal was already decaying b... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Varro/de_Re_Rustica/home.html",
"http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Columella/home.html",
"http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cato/De_Agricultura/home.html"
]
] | |
3x0b7o | How much would a Roman Denarius be in USD today? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3x0b7o/how_much_would_a_roman_denarius_be_in_usd_today/ | {
"a_id": [
"cy0erwz",
"cy0qgdd"
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"score": [
8,
2
],
"text": [
"This is not a simple question to answer, unfortunately. Different goods had drastically different price ranges back then due to differences in supply and technology. Since the prices of goods are the only real metric by wh... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://web.archive.org/web/20130210071801/http://dougsmith.ancients.info/worth.html"
],
[]
] | ||
9193ct | why isn't time read literally as numbers but instead the letter o is said to represent zero? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9193ct/eli5_why_isnt_time_read_literally_as_numbers_but/ | {
"a_id": [
"e2w9h2z",
"e2w9wld"
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"score": [
4,
3
],
"text": [
"In English (at least American English) unless you have a bunch of zeros in a row you almost always say \"O\" for every single number, not just time. ",
"\"Oh\" is one syllable and \"Zero\" is two. People are lazy.\n\nWe ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2i3xw7 | standard error in measurement. i have no idea. what is it's relation to standard deviation? (rhyme not intended) | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2i3xw7/eli5_standard_error_in_measurement_i_have_no_idea/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckylxvo"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Standard Deviation refers to variability in general. If you're learning this in a class, it probably is implicitly meant as the standard deviation of the sample in most cases.\n\nStandard Error is the standard deviation of whatever measure you're... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1jbtv2 | how do reality shows record reactions in monologues like they are happening for the first time? | How do they make reactions feel recent? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1jbtv2/eli5_how_do_reality_shows_record_reactions_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbd5hls",
"cbdwa8j"
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"The people giving the interviews are asked to reenact their initial reactions. Its all just good (or in most cases, bad) acting. ",
"They are called \"OTF\"s or \"On the Fly\" interviews. The producers record an intervi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
uwef4 | How can gravity possibly be accounted for by quantum theory? | If what we perceive as gravity is a 3d representation of a 4d distortion of spacetime and not a force between two particles, then what is quantum theory looking for?
Is it trying to explain the interaction between mass and spacetime? Is this what we're trying to represent with gravitons? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/uwef4/how_can_gravity_possibly_be_accounted_for_by/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"What we don't know is how to solve for the curvature of a particle that doesn't have reasonably precise position and momentum (quantum particles). So far no approach we've thought of has really worked out right...",
" > ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3ovn62 | how does viagra actually work..? | Thanks | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ovn62/eli5_how_does_viagra_actually_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"cw0upa3"
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"score": [
4
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"text": [
"Without getting really technical, Viagra is a type of drug called a Vasodilator. Vasodilators relax the muscles and arteries so more blood can flow through them. Think of a Vasodilator as a hose. If you have a hose that has a 1 Inch Diameter, onl... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
23hrb5 | bedsores | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/23hrb5/eli5_bedsores/ | {
"a_id": [
"cgx4qf8"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"When you press down on your skin it prevents your blood from moving naturally. This lack of blood to the area causes the tissue to break down over time, if left over a prolonged period of time it can cause pretty severe damage and infection.\n\n... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
q2171 | how do leases work? | I'm talking about leasing a car, by the way. I am aware for the most part that you have to pay a certain amount of money due at signing and then monthly payments, but are there other payments that they charge you? How does it overall work? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/q2171/eli5_how_do_leases_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3u283h",
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"text": [
"It's like renting, but long term. Also, usually harder to get out of.",
"Be careful if you drive a lot, there are sometimes fees for excessive mileage.\n\nAlso, most people consider Leasing, financi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
c8g1ms | since the hypothalamus is located near the brain and it regulates the body's temperature, how would the human body react if the head is at one extreme temperature and the rest of the body is at an opposing extreme temperature? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c8g1ms/eli5_since_the_hypothalamus_is_located_near_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"esmqn10"
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"score": [
2
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"text": [
"The hypothalamus doesn't sense its own temperature in order to regulate the body. It gathers the data from nerves all over the body and uses that. If most of your body is hot but your head is cold, the hypothalamus will \"know\" that and will tel... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
6tkfuj | how do actors appear dead in movies and films so that their chest isn't moving from breathing and their heart beating | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6tkfuj/eli5_how_do_actors_appear_dead_in_movies_and/ | {
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"dllhf5w",
"dlljkbp"
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"score": [
25,
6,
2,
48,
5
],
"text": [
"Sometimes they don't. I love catching someone breathing during a tv show. Law and Order and Criminal Minds is a gold mind. Spotting moving corpses while wat... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://digitalspyuk.cdnds.net/16/39/768x524/gallery-1475248774-daniel-radcliffe-norton-2.jpg"
],
[]
] |
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