q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
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5q0wxf | why would a president not choose cabinet members with longtime experience in that's cabinet's area of governance? | For example: someone with school administrative experience for Secretary of Education, someone with agricultural/geological experience for Secretary of Agriculture/the Interior, etc.
| explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5q0wxf/eli5_why_would_a_president_not_choose_cabinet/ | {
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"Usually that's what happens. However, Donald Trump is unique in his Presidency in that he's the first person in that office with no experience in either government or military. His... | [] | [] | [
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5oz9vl | What were Hitler's ideas of succession? Who was to succeed Hitler should he die and what process would they have to go through to suceed as leader of his Reich? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5oz9vl/what_were_hitlers_ideas_of_succession_who_was_to/ | {
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"_URL_0_\n\nUser u/searocksandtrees answered a similar question with a selection of answers from past threads. You should check them out. "
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"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/34z3ar/what_were_the_plans_for_succession_after_hitler/?st=IY5CZNFL&sh=e2bf5995"
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yb87y | How do cells know what part of the DNA to read to function? | I'll phrase my question in the framework of a specific example. From my pedestrian knowledge of DNA, I believe my skin cells contain DNA which encodes the directions to produce all the cell within me. Now here's the question, how does my body know to produce more skin cells on my arm, rather than produce a nipple or so... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/yb87y/how_do_cells_know_what_part_of_the_dna_to_read_to/ | {
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"There are regions in the DNA that attract or inhibit the enzymes which initiate transcription. These are known as promoters or suppressors.\n\nEdit: Also D... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sjwlxQ_6LI",
"http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6TNLHL69pWE/TwiXgaaSfPI/AAAAAAAAAQg/0XwEhxHzbcs/s400/promoter.png"
],
[],
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hox_gene",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphogen"
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1lj5hx | why is it that most game developers don't include/allow modding support, when many other franchises are successful because of it? | Minecraft, fallout, skyrim, kerbalspaceprogram and arma are games that become extremely popular because of their ability to mod, and their devs all encourage modding, yet many larger devs are strongly against it. Especially in Arma's case, modding increased their sales and replayability, so why don't other companies al... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1lj5hx/eli5_why_is_it_that_most_game_developers_dont/ | {
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"If it's mostly/entirely played on console, there's no point. Even if it's not there's the fact that modding tools can be a bitch and they don't predict enough of a payout in extra sales to cover those costs."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
mjxd5 | Sound and Waves: How does a magnet pick up sound in an electric guitar? | Can anyone explain in detail how sound leaves the strings, gets picked up by a magnet, travels through a cable to be amplified? Thank you | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/mjxd5/sound_and_waves_how_does_a_magnet_pick_up_sound/ | {
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"The strings are made of steel, right? So the magnet is attracted to the steel string. As the steel string vibrates up and down it pulls on the magnet up and down. And that vibration of the magnet inside of coils of wire (pic... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
18gjdv | How much water evaporates in an underwater nuclear explosion? | I don't even know where to start. Since it probably depends on the specific device, let's go big... Tsar Bomba. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/18gjdv/how_much_water_evaporates_in_an_underwater/ | {
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"Well, according to Wikipedia, the Tsar Bomba produced 240PJ, or 2.4x10^17 J. It looks like it was detonated over land, but we can ignore that and have some fun. If we make an assumption that ~10% of its energy is absorbed by the water, that would... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
drzthi | how exactly does sinus pressure build up when sick and why? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/drzthi/eli5_how_exactly_does_sinus_pressure_build_up/ | {
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"If an infection reaches your sinuses it will cause inflammation and increased mucous secretion. This increased secretion together with the inflammation can clog the sinuses and thus lead to increased pressure and pain.",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
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] | ||
4d8b82 | how did the north star happen? does every star revolve around it? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4d8b82/eli5_how_did_the_north_star_happen_does_every/ | {
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"text": [
"It's a star that happens to be mostly aligned with the Earth's axis. Watching from the surface, as the planet spins the star looks like it's stationary.",
"It is not a special ... | [] | [] | [
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3u20gf | US Congressional Uses of Sanctions Against a Foreign Nation? [research question] | Hello, I hope this is the correct place for this.
I'm **researching events surrounding the repeal of Apartheid in South Africa from a US foreign policy perspective**, and I read that when US Congress passed the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act in 1986, it was a **rare event for congress itself to impose sanctions** ra... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3u20gf/us_congressional_uses_of_sanctions_against_a/ | {
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"As you might guess from the flair, my speciality is labour history, so I can only offer you limited assistance with finding material that will help develop your thesis. Nonetheless, I have done quite a lot of work on South Africa, so I'm going to... | [] | [
"http://www.defenddemocracy.org/us-sanctions-legislation/"
] | [
[
"http://www.aluka.org/struggles",
"https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1868/faa.pdf",
"https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Pages/Programs.aspx",
"http://www.disa.ukzn.ac.za/",
"https://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/document.php?id=cqal77-1202677",
"h... | |
3m53ei | Why did the number of African American voters in the presidential election steadily decrease after the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965? | _URL_0_
This NY Times article indicates that African American election turnout dipped after 1964, and did not exceed 60% until 2008. What are some possible reasons for this decline from '68 onward? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3m53ei/why_did_the_number_of_african_american_voters_in/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"One variable you're not taking into account is that voter turnout for *all* Americans was [steadily going down](_URL_0_) during this period. Whereas the percentage of the voting-age population who participated in the 1960 election was 63.1%, [by ... | [] | [
"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/17/upshot/black-turnout-in-1964-and-beyond.html"
] | [
[
"http://i.imgur.com/IwvtzbQ.png",
"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2015/03/03/where-black-voters-stand-50-years-after-the-voting-rights-act-was-passed/",
"http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0781453.html"
]
] | |
6xf8kl | why are old people so small and short? | They seem to just become shorter and shorter | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6xf8kl/eli5why_are_old_people_so_small_and_short/ | {
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"text": [
"Gravity. As people age, their bones start to lose mass, their spine begins to collapse on itself and there's usually less muscle mass. At least that's what my doctor tells me to explain why I'm nearly... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/07/27/487391773/americans-are-shrinking-while-chinese-and-koreans-sprout-up",
"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/03/booming/why-am-i-getting-shorter-with-age.html"
],
[]
] | |
9s7x8x | What are the most revealing statistics that show the overwhelming progress made by modern medicine? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9s7x8x/what_are_the_most_revealing_statistics_that_show/ | {
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"My area of expertise is cancer statistics. By far, the most progress we’ve made is with childhood cancer. In the 1950s, fewer than 20% of children diagnosed survived more than 5 years. Today survival is over 80%. I’d still love to see that number... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://i.imgur.com/cJRZh9A.gif"
]
] | ||
4b41zu | why is the combo of ibuprofen and alcohol so bad for you? | Is it simply a question of the liver not being able to filter as much toxins if it is already busy with ethanol or do the 2 react with each-other somehow?
Also if I do take an ibuprofen (500mg) while wasted and keep drinking beer for example, how much liver damage does that combo do?
Edit// was talking about Solpadei... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4b41zu/eli5_why_is_the_combo_of_ibuprofen_and_alcohol_so/ | {
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"I believe you're confusing ibuprofen with acetaminophen. Acetaminophen is associated with liver and kidney damage when consumed with alcohol. To my knowledge ibuprofen is not. \n\nAcetaminophen is also known in some coun... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.m.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/news/20131104/tylenol-and-alcohol-a-bad-mix-study-suggests"
],
[]
] | |
2u6w3n | what needs to happen for a plane to fly into other countries' airspaces? | When a plane crosses another country's airspace in its journey, what happens? Does that country's air force get all airplane schedules of the day ahead of time and verify that? Or is there a database of planes flying that we don't know about? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2u6w3n/eli5_what_needs_to_happen_for_a_plane_to_fly_into/ | {
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"If it's playing nicely then it will have a filed a flight plan and be carrying a transponder which identifies it, so air traffic control are expecting it and know which plane it i... | [] | [] | [
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1rk7o8 | Would a SETI program located in the Alpha Centauri System be able to detect radio signals from Earth? | - | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1rk7o8/would_a_seti_program_located_in_the_alpha/ | {
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"Let's say a station is broadcasting at a full Megawatt of power (the strongest, to my knowledge are usually in the half-megawatt range). Let's say they have a dish (or array of dishes with equivalent collection area equal to) of *d* meters in ra... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2vpiv3 | During the times corsettes where worn where they worn during pregnancies as well? Is it known how a life of wearing corsettes affected pregnancies? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2vpiv3/during_the_times_corsettes_where_worn_where_they/ | {
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"text": [
"hi! not discouraging other responses, but there was a similar question a month ago that's worth checking out\n\n* [Did pregnant women wear corsets in the Victorian era?](_URL_0_)"
]
} | [] | [] | [
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"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2s6hm8/did_pregnant_women_wear_corsets_in_the_victorian/"
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50nzoe | Why do stable compounds react? | First of all, correct me if I am wrong. Isn't the initial motive for an element to react with another, to obtain lower energy level/relatively more stable state by staying together so the atomic orbitals overlap (co-valent or ionic bond depending on the electronegativity difference)? So why do stable compounds react an... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/50nzoe/why_do_stable_compounds_react/ | {
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"The key here is that \"stable\" is just a relative term. Thermodynamically, there MUST be an equilibrium between association and dissociation of a bond like R-Cl. Bringing energy to the system amounts to tilting the equilibrium closer towards the... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4gis1q | What do antivirus scanners on your PC actually look for in a file? | Obviously they search for a virus but what attributes of a file gives away thats its a threat to the system? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4gis1q/what_do_antivirus_scanners_on_your_pc_actually/ | {
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"Virusscanners use two approaches: Signature-based scanning and heuristic scanning.\n\n**Signature-based** scanning involves looking for specific elements in a virus program. Som... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"HTTP://Cylance.com"
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[]
] | |
kilm6 | - the east vs west hip-hop feud | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/kilm6/eli5_the_east_vs_west_hiphop_feud/ | {
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"This began a while ago, in the early 1990's.\n\nPretend there was a large african desert. In the desert, there are many different animals, but the strongest, and most powerful on... | [] | [] | [
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2ie51w | why do languages vary so widely? is any proven correlation between language and the geography of the native speaker? | Why do we have such vastly alternative languages? Does the geography of one's birthplace have any part in the shaping of that person's language? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ie51w/eli5_why_do_languages_vary_so_widely_is_any/ | {
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"Languages can be made in many, many ways and so people more or less in isolation make really different ones.\n\nOnes that grew around many others tend to make a family where there are far more similarit... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1yzqxb | why am i able to remember words to a song i haven't heard in 5 years but i can't remember the name of the person i just met 5 minutes ago? | I asked this because the other day a song came on the radio that I haven't heard for years, and I was singing along to the lyrics as if I had just heard it. Then I met someone new, got their name and as they walked away I forgot got it. So I wondered........
As always,
Thanks for your time | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1yzqxb/eli5_why_am_i_able_to_remember_words_to_a_song_i/ | {
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"Repetition is the key here.\n\nWhen you repeat a task or something (such as hearing words to a song you like) over and over again the information gathered tends to move from the short-term memory into the long-term memory, therefore making it sti... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
5q13pm | With MRI Magnets being ridiculously strong, Why don't they affect compasses, systems, animals, etc ? | I have heard that MRI magnets are something like 60,000 x stronger than the earth's magnetic field. If this is true, with thousands of them in operation world wide. Why aren't compasses, animals who navigate by the earth's north pole, instruments, and even the earth's magnetic poles affected by them ? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5q13pm/with_mri_magnets_being_ridiculously_strong_why/ | {
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"A colleague recently re-purposed an old medical MRI magnet for use in a detector system. The stray fields from the magnet are a big concern, with modern magnets taking great care ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://psqh.com/sepoct06/mrisuites.html"
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"http://figures.boundless-cdn.com/17206/raw/vfpt-solenoid-correct2.svg",
"https://www.kjmagnetics.com/blog.asp?p=shielding-materials"
],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu-metal",
"http://www.quickfield.com/advanced/coil_b_magnetic_... | |
21bojk | Does air resistance become harder to overcome the faster something goes? | Say a person riding a bike uses 80% of the input energy to overcome air resistance. Now the person speeds up. What happens to the percentage? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/21bojk/does_air_resistance_become_harder_to_overcome_the/ | {
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"Yes, the concept involved is known as [parasitic drag](_URL_0_). It means that the energy required to maintain speed against resistance from the air increases at a higher rate than the speed. A rough example as clarificati... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitic_drag"
],
[]
] | |
2j3umo | how is it possible in the usa for (former) lobbyists to be elected into chairmen positions of federal commissions, when there is an obvious conflict of interest? | Hello as you may know, the Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission is Tom Wheeler, a former lobbyist for the cable and wireless industry. Furthermore the Chairman for Finance Commission of Texas is William J. White, a former executive of Cash America which is Payday-Loan company. Since I’ve heard of their ele... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2j3umo/eli5_how_is_it_possible_in_the_usa_for_former/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Big money runs the US government, so this kind of corruption is expected, and basically *intentional*.",
" > Since I’ve heard of their election into those positions\n\nThat's because they were both appointed. \n\nAs fo... | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Wheeler",
"http://www.fc.texas.gov/memberbios/NEWWhiteBio.html"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
env2cb | what’s a “war crime”? i hear people throw this word around so much it’s confusing. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/env2cb/eli5_whats_a_war_crime_i_hear_people_throw_this/ | {
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"Basically there are th... | [] | [] | [
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81ug6t | Is there any evidence that prehistoric peoples had language? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/81ug6t/is_there_any_evidence_that_prehistoric_peoples/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Yes. Prehistoric just means before written records. We know for a fact that language existed before written records did because we've been able to reconstruct things like Old Chinese and Proto-Indo-European. It wasn't until later when PIE split i... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
7rcvl6 | if the world is round and rotates, how do we appear to be standing upright at all times? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7rcvl6/eli5_if_the_world_is_round_and_rotates_how_do_we/ | {
"a_id": [
"dsvx4qh"
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"score": [
3
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"text": [
"Because gravity pulls us toward the center of the planet. Just like if you take a plunger and stick it on a beach ball, it doesn't matter the orientation of the ball, the stick of the plunger sticks away from the center."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
f3o98v | when we bend our elbows/knees why don’t our blood vessels flowing, like a hose? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/f3o98v/eli5_when_we_bend_our_elbowsknees_why_dont_our/ | {
"a_id": [
"fhk0znq"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Our arms an legs bend, not fold. When a hose folds it cuts the liquid supply, when it bends the flow is uninterrupted.\n\nThere is too much going on in the limbs with bone, muscle, adamantium, cartilage, etc, to fold."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
f8ko2k | superdelegates... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/f8ko2k/eli5_superdelegates/ | {
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"text": [
"In American politics, a superdelegate is an unpledged delegate to the Democratic National Convention who is seated automatically and chooses for themselves for whom they vote.\n\nB... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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80duyl | what properties do cooking oils contain that make them beneficial for cooking? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/80duyl/eli5_what_properties_do_cooking_oils_contain_that/ | {
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3
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"text": [
"They should be cheap to produce in large quantities.\n\nThey need to withstand high temperatures without burning (despite what some other user said).\n\nThey must be non-toxic, not including any carcinogenic compounds they f... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
289mn3 | Was there any form of public transport in the Roman Empire similar to what we find today in that it had standardised routes and fees? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/289mn3/was_there_any_form_of_public_transport_in_the/ | {
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235,
40
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"text": [
"I have removed all of the comments below, including a lot of discussion about the History Channel. Please remember the Rules for Ask Historians before posting.\n\nThere is no need to \"fill the voi... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/rules#wiki_no_partial_answers_or_.22placeholders.22"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursus_publicus"
],
[
"https://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/041307.pdf"
]
] | ||
2vsisq | Why are ice cubes white towards the centre but transparent towards the edges? | I've just finished a long work week, got home, and made a gin and tonic, and I'm looking at the ice cubes bobbing in it and noticed something I'd not paid attention to before: the cubes seem to be opaque in their core but more-transparent towards their crust. You can see what I mean in [this photo](_URL_1_).
Now other... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2vsisq/why_are_ice_cubes_white_towards_the_centre_but/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Check [this](_URL_0_) out: \"Regular ice comes out opaque when gasses dissolved in the water get trapped and forced into tiny bubbles, or when ice freezes in a way that doesn't allow large crystals to form\". Boiling the wat... | [] | [
"http://youthopia.in/you/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/three-ice-cubes.jpg",
"https://d2x3wmakafwqf5.cloudfront.net/wordpress/wp-content/blogs.dir/62/files/2014/06/ice-cubes.jpg"
] | [
[
"http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Clear-Ice"
],
[]
] | |
jooea | the mathematics behind the vanishing point (as best as you can) | So this answer could be answered by some math gurus, architects, or maybe some artists hopefully!
What is the mathematics to understanding the vanishing point and perspective? I understand that the vanishing point is the point in which the objects in your prespective get so small that they're too tiny to see but how d... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/jooea/eli5_the_mathematics_behind_the_vanishing_point/ | {
"a_id": [
"c2dutn1",
"c2dutn1"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Objects are typically located in three dimensional space, but when they are displayed, like in a computer game, in two dimensions, you need to do a projection. This is like taking a picture, it takes a three dimensional obje... | [] | [
"http://www.math.utah.edu/~treiberg/Perspect/Perspect.htm"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
bfg6ex | how do whales regulate their temperature in the vastly different seas they travel? | For example, Blue Whales live everywhere from the tropics to the poles. How do they not overheat or freeze? Are they able to regulate the amount of blubber they have in these different areas? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bfg6ex/eli5_how_do_whales_regulate_their_temperature_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"eldjtsi"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"The blood going to vessels in the skin (outside the blubber) is shut off to raise body temperature in the cold, and increased to cool off in the tropics."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
9fgszh | if everything in universe is made of lots different chemical elements, then how on earth exist things like human cell, flesh, neurotransmitter, heart, nucleus, etc? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9fgszh/eli5_if_everything_in_universe_is_made_of_lots/ | {
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"text": [
" > like, does dna have structure like say N5H3O8, something like that\n\nOf course. After all, DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. [The wikipedia page has ... | [] | [] | [
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA"
],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_the_human_body"
]
] | ||
2cfvf4 | how do celebrities get their "premium" usernames on social networks (like @justinbieber, etc...)? and if they pay for these usernames, how much? how does such a purchase usually pass off? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2cfvf4/eli5_how_do_celebrities_get_their_premium/ | {
"a_id": [
"cjf2j8v",
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"score": [
32,
34
],
"text": [
"If the \"premium\" username is not available at time of account creation they usually have to contact whoever made that account name and ask them if they would sell it.\n\nIf it is an inactive or poorly managed account, so... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
fb256t | why does it matter that fat cells don't ever go away when losing weight? | Apparently fat cells can increase in size and the number of them can go up, but they don't ever go away, even when you lose weight. Why is this a big deal when it comes to losing weight? Sure, the cells may not go away, but don't they still get smaller? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fb256t/eli5_why_does_it_matter_that_fat_cells_dont_ever/ | {
"a_id": [
"fj368uh",
"fj1usvv"
],
"score": [
2,
5
],
"text": [
"The number of fat cells likely doesn't play a meaningful role in how easy or hard it is to get fat. Usually to add additional fat cells, one has to gain a lot of weight. \n\nThe type of people who become obese do so because ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
82cob0 | why are many english words used in asian culture? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/82cob0/eli5why_are_many_english_words_used_in_asian/ | {
"a_id": [
"dv9d1ln"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Speaking from the Chinese language, its because Chinese is a very old language, and new things are being invented in the West. So when something becomes new to them, and they learn the English name, most of the time they try and make it sound sim... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3sscll | why are some atoms able to violate the octet rule in covalent bonding? | In the case of phosphorous, it can bond to 5 atoms and have the electron domains to handle it. Wouldn't the S and P orbitals be full? Where does it put the extra electrons? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3sscll/eli5_why_are_some_atoms_able_to_violate_the_octet/ | {
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"text": [
"Elements in the third row and below have access to d orbitals in which they can place the extra electrons needed to form more than 4 bonds, breaking the octet rule. There are ac... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
15ppt5 | How did the Japanese start the "kamikaze"/suicide ethos into its people? | I've been watching a lot on History/Smithsonian Channels lately on WW2 and I really want to do some more reading into the Pacific Theater during WW2. But what amazes me is the stories about Japan. Everyone learns about Europe and the Nazis, but I've since learned a lot more about Japan. The number of civilian deaths... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/15ppt5/how_did_the_japanese_start_the_kamikazesuicide/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7os6g3",
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"score": [
4,
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],
"text": [
"Hi! I don't feel like I have the knowledge to answer your question appropriately, but since nobody else has responded yet, I hope you don't mind me linking to information from similar topics from awhi... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/w32fz/what_would_a_kamikaze_pilot_during_wwii/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/13uqzh/concerning_kamikaze_attacks_what_fueled_them_and/"
],
[],
[]
] | |
zyyv9 | if israel just vanished overnight, would the tensions in the middle east get better? what would happen? | Not suggesting that it could, should or would, just interested theoretically in how the world might look if Israel had never existed. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/zyyv9/if_israel_just_vanished_overnight_would_the/ | {
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"c68y41s",
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2,
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"text": [
"I'm willing to bet things would be worse world-wide is such an event happened. Mass panic would erupt since a nation, quite literally, disappeared and people would be wondering who would be next. Some ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
9q1svx | what are the differences between the functions of a president, chairman, ceo, cfo, and coo in the corporate structure? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9q1svx/eli5_what_are_the_differences_between_the/ | {
"a_id": [
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17,
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"text": [
"It completely depends on the company. \n\nChairman typically refers to someone who represents the interests of ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
3o3h46 | why are pencils hexagonal while pencil crayons, pens, and mechanical pencils are round? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3o3h46/eli5_why_are_pencils_hexagonal_while_pencil/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvtmtq7",
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"score": [
8,
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"text": [
"The way they are made. Crayons are basically extruded. They flood molds with colored wax and the crayons are cooled and solidified pushed out and wrapped. Mechanical pencils are melted plastic shoved into molds and then put ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1q9xnh | Books about Steppe Warriors | Good evening Historians, I believe someone here may be able to help me out. Can anyone recommend a book(s) about steppe warriors? Preferably one that is maybe just a broad overview through history. i.e.- covers Scythians, Huns, Turks, Mongols, etc, etc without being too specific to one particular group. Getting my feet... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1q9xnh/books_about_steppe_warriors/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdao2k6"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"I can't recommend the following books enough:\n\n* *Early Riders: The Beginnings of Mounted Warfare in Asia and Europe* by Robert Drews\n\n* *Nomads of the Eurasian Steppes in the Early Iron Age* by The Kazakh/American Research Project\n\n* *The ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2865x3 | the best soccer leagues, and players and what i should watch. | I'm an American (as you can tell by
My use of soccer) and I want to watch some European soccer but I have no idea where to start. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2865x3/eli5_the_best_soccer_leagues_and_players_and_what/ | {
"a_id": [
"ci7ryr2",
"ci7xcxu"
],
"score": [
4,
3
],
"text": [
"Start watching the English Premier League...The season just ended a few weeks ago with a good finish. Manchester City won the season by only 2 points with Liverpool in 2nd place and Chelsea in 3rd. Its fast paced soccer that... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
f9hnt | How/what does an electroencephalogram detect? | I work in a lab that uses an EEG to measure neural activity, but have little idea about what the 'raw signal' is and what I can then conclude from it. What I do understand is that firing of neurons or net synaptic activity contribute to volume conductance of ions to the scalp. These are my questions though:
1. In a 3-... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/f9hnt/howwhat_does_an_electroencephalogram_detect/ | {
"a_id": [
"c1eapar",
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"score": [
11,
3
],
"text": [
"You are correct in assuming that the EEG is a result of EPSP/IPSP contribution from pyramidal cortical cells. This is due to collective current sinks/sources resulting from these synaptic activities. Here's a simple [illust... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ccs.fau.edu/~bressler/EDU/CogNeuro/Images/EEG_Generation.JPG"
],
[]
] | |
doyacq | how come cutscenes aren't preloaded in video games? like a 4k hd video? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/doyacq/eli5_how_come_cutscenes_arent_preloaded_in_video/ | {
"a_id": [
"f5rcck7"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"It depends on how the cutscene is rendered (how it is drawn in the game).\n\nIf it's a scripted cutscene, then everything is being shown in the actual game itself, which means everything has to be loaded as if you were playing the game even thoug... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3298do | i don't really "feel" like a male. how come people experiencing gender dysphoria "feel" like the other gender? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3298do/eli5_i_dont_really_feel_like_a_male_how_come/ | {
"a_id": [
"cq920ux",
"cq94hvz",
"cq97bgr"
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"score": [
5,
18,
2
],
"text": [
"Look at yourself in the mirror. Look at your dick. Does that body part look and feel like something that is a part of you? Does it feel normal for it to be there? Because if you experience gender dysph... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
5ztinc | if earth had rings like saturn, how would that affect sending satellites into orbit? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5ztinc/eli5_if_earth_had_rings_like_saturn_how_would/ | {
"a_id": [
"df1112e"
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"score": [
5
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"text": [
"Short answer: life would be very difficult trying to orbit satellites in the presence of rings.\n\nRings exist in circular orbits in a very flat plane exactly above the equator (the equatorial plane). Satellites would need to avoid passing throu... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
7bo2fh | if conjoined twins share a stomach, do they both feel full or hungry at the same time? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7bo2fh/eli5_if_conjoined_twins_share_a_stomach_do_they/ | {
"a_id": [
"dpjhsg2"
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"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"It's hard to make general statement about conjoined twins because literally every case is different, but the feeling of hunger is regulated by hormones, most importantly Leptin and Ghrelin, which circulate in the blood. So if the conjoined twins... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
20q2wz | if everyone says california is so expensive, how do people afford to live there? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/20q2wz/eli5_if_everyone_says_california_is_so_expensive/ | {
"a_id": [
"cg5ntzz",
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"score": [
6,
2,
2
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"text": [
"Some make so much money it doesn't matter -- if you make $200k/yr, it's not a big deal. \n\nOthers request and accept cost of living adjustments from their employers. -- in Kansas, a position might be w... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
7j6yyh | why does the visible light spectrum appear cyclic to the human eye if the spectrum is based on specific linear wavelengths of light? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7j6yyh/eli5_why_does_the_visible_light_spectrum_appear/ | {
"a_id": [
"dr43hyu",
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"score": [
2382,
40,
15,
28,
4
],
"text": [
"It doesn't appear cyclic to the human eye. It appears cyclic to the human *brain*. \n\nOur eyes can detect 3 \"regions\" of color: red, green, and blu... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachromacy#Humans"
],
[],
[],
[
"https://youtu.be/S9dqJRyk0YM"
]
] | ||
4buf29 | Do we have evidence to prove that the Pyramids in Bosnia were constructed 10,000 years ago to even 24,000 years ago? | [deleted] | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4buf29/do_we_have_evidence_to_prove_that_the_pyramids_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"d1co4t4",
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"score": [
2,
10
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"text": [
"Hi, there are a few archaeologists here, but it might be worth x-posting to a sub with more eg /r/AskScience, /r/Archaeology or /r/AskAnthropology ",
"They *are* just ordinary mountains. A few cranks (most definitely no... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
6fx1g4 | since a normal human can run 8-10 mph but top athletes can run over 20 mph, if a cheetah "trained", could it potentially sprint much faster? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6fx1g4/eli5_since_a_normal_human_can_run_810_mph_but_top/ | {
"a_id": [
"dilnx41",
"dilokz6",
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"score": [
5,
2,
2,
2
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"text": [
"Almost all cheetahs are clones of each other. Theoretically every cheetah is already a top athlete since they are all pretty much identical. \n\n[source](_URL_0_) ",
"not reall... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/rare-breed-20811232/"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
a07mgz | why do you feel hot when you have a blanket on, cold when you take the blanket off but if you leave one leg out of the blanket, it’s perfect? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a07mgz/eli5_why_do_you_feel_hot_when_you_have_a_blanket/ | {
"a_id": [
"eaf7omg",
"eaf8mgo"
],
"score": [
10,
4
],
"text": [
"When the blanket is on there is too much insulation so your body warms up. With the blanket off there is too little. So you need something in between. Having a leg out allows heat to leave your body. Therefore, you’ve achie... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1yczgt | if source code is readable, and executable programs are not, what happens to cause that? | I don't understand the barrier between readable source code and executable/compiled programs. If the system knows what to do with the program (aka how to add/subract/ work with variables) why can't all code be decompiled? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1yczgt/if_source_code_is_readable_and_executable/ | {
"a_id": [
"cfjdeat",
"cfjeqqn"
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"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"what is lost is variable names, method names that make the program human readable. \n\nwhile you can probably figure out what mystring.left(5) does just by looking at it, you probably won't be able to tell what \"on the o... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
5h9kri | Prior to the US Civil War, was it common practice to euthanize slaves who were too old or sick to work? | I understand that older slaves were used in house labor and other tasks less physically demanding than the field labor. But once the person was too old to do even that, or perhaps contracted a communicable disease that could cause other slaves to die, was it common practice to "put the slave down" like we do with old h... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5h9kri/prior_to_the_us_civil_war_was_it_common_practice/ | {
"a_id": [
"daz0n4l",
"dazsfvy"
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"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"If I can expand - what about sterilizing slaves to control population? Or abortion?",
"I don't know about euthanizing slaves but it wasn't unheard of for older slaves to be manumitted (legally freed) so owners didn't ha... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
nnpxd | Is there a psychological reason why people with NO attraction to their own family members, find incest so arousing? | I was reading this thread: [IAMA Man who had a sexual relationship with his mother. (Probably NSFW)](_URL_0_) and started becoming extremely aroused. I've noticed this in the past when reading about incest or viewing incest-related material. By material, I mean incest-themed anime or stories, not *actual* incest pornog... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/nnpxd/is_there_a_psychological_reason_why_people_with/ | {
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"score": [
23,
192,
2,
6,
2,
2,
2,
23,
192,
2,
6,
2,
... | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/nmmjr/iama_man_who_had_a_sexual_relationship_with_his/"
] | [
[
"http://veggierevolution.blogspot.com/2009/09/swearing-relieves-pain-new-neurological.html"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://veggierevolution.blogspot.com/2009/09/swearing-relieves-pain-new-neurological.html"
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[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
czekbm | what happens to all the water after a hurricane/flood? does it just recede back into a body of water? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/czekbm/eli5_what_happens_to_all_the_water_after_a/ | {
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"eyxwrw3",
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5,
3,
15
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"text": [
"Not en expert but I know that some of the water gets infiltrated into the water table which can cause salt water intrusion which is bad",
"Basically, yes. A good portion is absorbed into the ground... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
2ctk7p | Why does buoyant force only work for fluids? | If I put some packing peanuts in the bottom of a bucket of extremely finely ground sand what happens on the molecular level that keeps them from floating to the top as if I put them in a bucket of water? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2ctk7p/why_does_buoyant_force_only_work_for_fluids/ | {
"a_id": [
"cjiuyaa"
],
"score": [
16
],
"text": [
"There is no mechanism preventing it. In fact, if you gently shake the container, the larger pieces _will_ rise to the top. This is known as the [Brazil nut effect](_URL_0_).\n\nBuoyancy exists in fluids because they are free to flow and fill a c... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_nut_effect"
]
] | |
19xrhw | How closely (i.e. distance from the surface) can something orbit the Earth? | So to put it plainly (as I understand it), how far above the surface of the planet would something have to be to achieve a stable orbit? Is there a minimum distance/altitude/mass/velocity required for a stable orbit? If so, why do they put communication satellites, probes, telescopes and space stations at the altitude... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/19xrhw/how_closely_ie_distance_from_the_surface_can/ | {
"a_id": [
"c8sbhpn"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Below about 200 km (120 miles), orbits decay rapidly due to atmospheric friction. On the moon, where there is no atmosphere, there is really no minimum orbital altitude, though you couldn't really put something in orbit a foot off the ground sinc... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2s5du3 | Around 400 before christ, when Greece became a democracy. What was the tasks of the king? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2s5du3/around_400_before_christ_when_greece_became_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"cnmfb0d",
"cnmlzf4"
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"score": [
22,
12
],
"text": [
"I think you have the wrong view of how Greece worked in those days.\n\nGreece was divided into a multitude of city states, some of the allied in Legues, but not all. These city states were spread from the Crimea to Iberia,... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
5ddqz3 | what forces, on a molecular level, hold together a solid object and how are those affected when the object breaks in separate pieces? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5ddqz3/eli5_what_forces_on_a_molecular_level_hold/ | {
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"It kind of depends on what sort of material you are talking about. I'll give you one example in (a bit of) detail, and then I will just name a couple of other forces that also could (not should per se) play a role. Here it goes:\n\nBasically ever... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
nepgx | Does the age at which someone begins puberty affect anything for the person's life later on down the line? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/nepgx/does_the_age_at_which_someone_begins_puberty/ | {
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"This is just something I remember from a report I did on adolescent psychology but one of the most affected areas is self-esteem. Girls who hit puberty early are more likely to get male attention, negative and positive. It... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
28d19y | Why is the derivative of the volume of a sphere equal to its surface area? | I noticed that when you differentiate the equation for a volume of a sphere, you get the equation for it's surface area. Is this a coincidence? If not, would someone mind explaining the relationship?
V=(4/3)*pi*r^3
dV/dr=4*pi*r^2
dV/dr=Surface area
Please try to keep the answer *quite* simple if p... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/28d19y/why_is_the_derivative_of_the_volume_of_a_sphere/ | {
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... | [] | [] | [
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"http://rlv.zcache.com/the_formula_for_the_volume_of_a_sphere_post_card-rd4b30d5de3df49a7ba0f5c67058b71ac_vgbaq_8byvr_512.jpg"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
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"http://www.mathmistakes.info/facts/CalculusFacts/learn/doi/doi.html"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_coarea_formula... | |
1tx8v1 | why do i max out at around 3.2mbps wired and 2.5mbps wireless download speed when i pay for 30mbps? | Bonus Question: On a scale of 1-7 how much do you want to burn your cable company's headquarters to the ground? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1tx8v1/eli5_why_do_i_max_out_at_around_32mbps_wired_and/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"I'm pretty sure you know this already, but what they sell you is in mega bits per second, and when downloading it is displayed in mega bytes per second. \n\nEvery 8 bits is 1 byte, so a 30mbps connection is a 3.75 MB per se... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2wp6sc | which is better for the environment on the small scale: using a plastic fork once to save water on cleaning silverware, or washing and reusing a stainless steel fork so a plastic fork won't end up in a landfill? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2wp6sc/eli5_which_is_better_for_the_environment_on_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cosv64o",
"coswj2e"
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"score": [
3,
5
],
"text": [
"Reusable cutlery is better for the environment. ",
"Considering the resources that go into extracting, refining, and machining the material in the steel fork, you'd have to use the SS fork hundreds if not thousands of ti... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/the_green_lantern/2008/09/grande_americano_extra_green.html"
]
] | ||
5qr0sx | How Historically accurate is "Hellstorm-Death of Nazi Germany, 1944-1947" by Thomas Goodrich. It backs up all its claims with large amounts of detailed proofs, citations, sources on each and every page. However a lot of people call it Neo Nazi propoganda to gain sympathy for Nazi. What is the truth | [Link to the book in question] (_URL_0_) | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5qr0sx/how_historically_accurate_is_hellstormdeath_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"dd1mp0i",
"dd1vh63",
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"score": [
107,
9,
110
],
"text": [
"[This review](_URL_1_) should answer your question? Some of his sources are more than suspect, and it seems that where his facts are fine, his conclusions from them are not. [Ugh, it seems that he u... | [] | [
"https://www.amazon.com/Hellstorm-Death-Nazi-Germany-1944-1947/dp/1494775069"
] | [
[
"https://www.amazon.com/gp/customer-reviews/R2XBRODYKJSYKY/ref=cm_cr_getr_d_rvw_ttl?ie=UTF8&ASIN=1494775069",
"https://www.amazon.com/gp/customer-reviews/R12GU0UUJGVF44/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_rvw_ttl?ie=UTF8&ASIN=1494775069"
],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/57w1hh/monday_meth... | |
3094em | If written to once and then left turned off (no power, in a dry temperature-regulated environment), how long would flash memory last until you can no longer read it? | So you get some brand new high-quality (for the consumer market) flash memory.
You write a large file to it once, and then power it down and store it in a dry, dust-protected, temperature regulated environment, and never use it again.
How long could that data be stored there until it could no longer be read from agai... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3094em/if_written_to_once_and_then_left_turned_off_no/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpr664e"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"There is no one answer. Each manufacturer makes different claims about the shelf life of their flash memory products. A common estimates is [around 10 years](_URL_0_). A product sheet (from a company I won't mention) that I have next to me claims... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.verbatim-europe.co.uk/en_1/page_are-hard-disks-and-usb-sticks-an-alternative-for-storage-or-are-they-threatened-_2_1.html"
]
] | |
7xj6nk | why does water evaporate faster outdoors than indoors? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7xj6nk/eli5_why_does_water_evaporate_faster_outdoors/ | {
"a_id": [
"du8mzuj"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Yes, temperature. But also other factors, such as humidity and wind.\n\n_URL_0_\n\nThere are definitely less wind indoor, so that's a big factor.\n\nIf you have a puddle in a small room, as the puddle evaporate, the room gets more humid, thus slo... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://sciencing.com/humidity-wind-speed-affect-evaporation-12017079.html"
]
] | |
aw7r6c | why do pharmacists complete 4 years of post-grad schooling learning about drugs but physicians actually pick the drugs to use. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/aw7r6c/eli5_why_do_pharmacists_complete_4_years_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"ehki52b"
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"text": [
"Pharmacists are the last line of defense against a patient taking a drug or combination of drug that may be harmful, especially if that patient is taking over the counter drugs/supplements or filling prescriptions from multiple doctors. \n\nBec... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
5t33d1 | why is the president immune from the ethics laws, when the ethics in government act of 1978 expressly states otherwise? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5t33d1/eli5_why_is_the_president_immune_from_the_ethics/ | {
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"text": [
"Standard disclaimer: political, keeping bias to a minimum.\n\nThe... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2838696-Trump-2016-Financial-Disclosure.html"
],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
x0fib | What are some lesser known Genocides in World History? | I'm taking a class about the Holocaust right now. We've also discussed the Armenian and Cambodian Genocides a bit. Any other big ones? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/x0fib/what_are_some_lesser_known_genocides_in_world/ | {
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"score": [
26,
14,
12,
2,
10,
2
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"text": [
"The definition of Genocide is VERY slippery and controversial, but if we can at least agree that it involves intentionally attemptin... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herero_and_Namaqua_Genocide"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Free_State#African_Genocide"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocides_in_history#Americas"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albigensian_Crusade"
],
[
"http://en.wikip... | |
c3jenz | why, with all our advancements in telecommunications and phone technology, has phone call audio quality stayed virtually the same as ten or twenty years ago? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c3jenz/eli5_why_with_all_our_advancements_in/ | {
"a_id": [
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... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-carrier",
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcoding",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.711",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_frequency",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trunking",
"https:/... | ||
2q82bn | How fictitious is the current modern perception of the samurai? | Ask asked above, the modern perception of the samurai is often of a noble warrior who holds honor and integrity above all. However, I have often heard that the bushido code and things of the sort were all blatant lies of propaganda to make Japan's history look better than it actually was.
How were samurai truly perce... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2q82bn/how_fictitious_is_the_current_modern_perception/ | {
"a_id": [
"cn3xopt",
"cn42m8s"
],
"score": [
6,
3
],
"text": [
"Early days of the Meiji era? The 廃刀令 (Order to restrict carrying of sword) was issued in Meiji 9, 1876, with the earliest discussion to going all the way back in Meiji 3, 1870.\n\nThe order restricted carrying to sword to so... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
5sf2td | why can soup (with meat) be stored at room temperature? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5sf2td/eli5_why_can_soup_with_meat_be_stored_at_room/ | {
"a_id": [
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4,
3,
3
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"text": [
"If it is in a sealed can, it is safe because the cans were superheated to kill all bacteria they might have had in them and since then have had no way to get outside bacteria in.\n\nThe issue with keepi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
b7urog | why do gas giants have such strong gravities? | Like Jupiter for instance or Saturn. They're gas giants that are huge I'll grant, but why so much gravity? Given that they're mainly gas, wouldn't their density be very low? And if their density is low, how do they have so much gravity? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b7urog/eli5_why_do_gas_giants_have_such_strong_gravities/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
4,
5,
3
],
"text": [
"Their density might be low, but they are still massive. The \"force\" of an object's gravitational field depends not on density of an object but on raw mass. For example, if you crushed the earth down ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
flpi85 | How does a respiratory infection spread from cell to cell inside of a host? | I understand how the virus binds to a specific cell, invades and then replicates itself many times over.
What I'm asking is how the virus spreads beyond that cell. Do influenza and corona viruses spread only to neighboring cells in direct contact with the initially infected cell, progressing out in a uniform manner? ... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/flpi85/how_does_a_respiratory_infection_spread_from_cell/ | {
"a_id": [
"fl2xdqf"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"You almost had it in the first section. After the cell produces many copies of the virus, the new virus particles head toward the membrane of the cell and push out, taking part of the membrane with them to provide a protective layer. Those new ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
5h1u0f | why is the bell pepper so big, while it's mostly empty on the inside? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5h1u0f/eli5_why_is_the_bell_pepper_so_big_while_its/ | {
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11,
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"text": [
"It's the skin and outer flesh of the pepper that you use to cook with. People are more likely to buy larger peppers because it gives them most flesh to cook with, even though... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.sciencealert.com/here-s-what-fruits-and-vegetables-looked-like-before-we-domesticated-them"
],
[],
[]
] | ||
2gm99i | What was the plan for Nunavik (northern Quebec region governed by the Inuit) if Quebec had gained independence in the 1980 referendum? Did the separatists say what they would do about the JBNQA (the 1975 agreement giving the Inuit control over the northern third of the province)? | I specified the 1980 referendum to not run afoul of the 20 year rule. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2gm99i/what_was_the_plan_for_nunavik_northern_quebec/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckktyb0"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"The question is a bit vague, inasmuch as it does not specify who was doing the planning.\n\nOn the side of the PQ, the notion of Québec partition was simply deemed untenable, and that international law was a sufficient garantee against it ([sourc... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3364/1/M11459.pdf",
"http://www.queensu.ca/iigr/pub/archive/aboriginalpapers/positionpapers/PositionPaperCompletingCanada.pdf",
"http://www.editions-homme.com/confessions-post-referendaires/chantal-hebert/livre/9782761940924",
"http://www.global-economics.ca/dth.chap7.... | |
4dwuxg | why is ancestry from spain important to the u.s. census (hispanic) but ancestry from other latin cultures like italy or portugal isn't? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4dwuxg/eli5why_is_ancestry_from_spain_important_to_the/ | {
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"text": [
"With regard to the U.S. Census, Hispanic doesn't mean from Spain -- it means people from Mexico and Latin America, ie. Spanish speakers. Hispanics make up about 17% of the U.S. population currently.",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
12g3zr | why do i need glasses if i've got irises? | The iris of my eye is supposed to focus the light coming into my eye through the pupil onto the retina. There's still plenty of room left for my pupils to expand and contract more than they do, so why do I need glasses? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/12g3zr/elif_why_do_i_need_glasses_if_ive_got_irises/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
15,
3
],
"text": [
"The Iris doesn't focus, it controls how much light enters your pupil. The lens focuses by changing shape with tiny little muscles. You need glasses because the lens is too rigid and the muscles are too weak.",
"To answe... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Focus_in_an_eye.svg/250px-Focus_in_an_eye.svg.png",
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Anatomy_and_physiology_of_animals_How_light_travels_from_the_object_to_the_retina_of_the_eye.jpg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens... | |
1bu8t9 | how google stores caches of so many websites | It seems like an immense amount of data. One cannot simply download an internet. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1bu8t9/eli5_how_google_stores_caches_of_so_many_websites/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9a4vd7"
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"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"There are a few methods that Google uses.\n\nThe primary one is that Google spends plenty on continually adding more servers, server space, and improving their ability to manage that ever-growing space.\n\nAlso, copies of crawled websites compres... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.joyoftech.com/joyoftech/joyarchives/301_999/669.html"
]
] | |
44w34j | if alcohol helps kill bacteria and fights bad breathe (like mouthwash), why does your breathe smell like death after a night of drinking ? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/44w34j/eli5_if_alcohol_helps_kill_bacteria_and_fights/ | {
"a_id": [
"cztb5k9",
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"score": [
13,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"Because the alcohol doesn't kill ALL of the bacteria in there and those little greebly bastards reproduce right quickly. \n\nThen there's good odds that you didn't brush your teeth before passing out i... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
hhjeo | How do water-powered batteries like this work? Are they pretty much useless? | [Here's](_URL_0_) an example.
It says it can only be charged 5 times, which is the only downside I see. I've never used one though. I guess if they're cheaper than regular batteries **and last almost the same amount of time** then they're definitely worth it.
Would it be possible to improve that technology to make it... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/hhjeo/how_do_waterpowered_batteries_like_this_work_are/ | {
"a_id": [
"c1vgf1d",
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"score": [
5,
3
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"text": [
"take a look at [this](_URL_0_) - it's not powered by the water, that's just the electrolyte. the power comes from the dissimilar metals which make up the anode & cathode, at least one of which will be consumed by the reac... | [] | [
"http://www.japantrendshop.com/nopopo-eco-waterpowered-aa-batteries-p-546.html"
] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_battery"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-activated_battery"
]
] | |
cqy2cw | how did “hello” become the default greeting when you answer the phone? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cqy2cw/eli5_how_did_hello_become_the_default_greeting/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
17,
4
],
"text": [
"Nobody liked 'Ahoy!' which is what the creator of the telephone wanted the standard greeting to be.",
" > The use of hello as a telephone greeting has been credited to Thomas Edison; according to one source, he expresse... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1p8yyx | What are some salient points about the West Coast Salish peoples and associated cultures that should be more well known? | As a Washington resident, I feel like I should know more about the local native culture. What do you historians feel were their most notable accomplishments? How did they compare to European civilizations at a similar level of economic and technical development, or with the native cultures around them? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1p8yyx/what_are_some_salient_points_about_the_west_coast/ | {
"a_id": [
"cd0f68o"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"What really differentiated the people of the PNW (Kwakiutle, Haida, Coast Salish, Squamish, ect. ect.) from many of the other tribes around North America was how settled they were, compared to even the most agriculturally based Aboriginal societi... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
7mh1k1 | i'm told that my daughter (14 months) shouldn't have red meat, because it's hard for her body to process. why is red meat harder to digest than other meats? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7mh1k1/eli5_im_told_that_my_daughter_14_months_shouldnt/ | {
"a_id": [
"drtvx6l"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"A well respected pediatrician at my medical school taught me that all types of meat were appropriate early foods (or beikost) as they tend to be rich in nutrients that complement breast milk, especially iron. She recommended meat puree in particu... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
10brzr | Why didn't the French just give Winston Churchill their Navy, instead of forcing his hand to destroy it? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/10brzr/why_didnt_the_french_just_give_winston_churchill/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6c3o6k",
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"score": [
12,
2
],
"text": [
"By the terms of the armistice France signed with Germany the French Fleet was supposed to be demiliterized in a French port. Admiral Darlan scattered the French navy to French ports in Africa... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1ygmfg | what does it mean that the eu is "imposing sanctions" on ukrainian official? | What do sanctions do? How will this affect the protests and violence? Will it solve any problems? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ygmfg/what_does_it_mean_that_the_eu_is_imposing/ | {
"a_id": [
"cfkck14"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"**What do sanctions do?**\n\nThe sanctions are:\n\n* Ukrainian officials are not allowed to enter Europe anymore.\n* Assets of Ukranian officials are frozen at the moment. They can't access their European bank account any more, they can't sell Eu... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
21j0p6 | do dogs have a sense of right or wrong? | I see a lot of pics on reddit of dogs hiding after destroying something. Do they know what they did was wrong? Why do they do it if they know they will be punished? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/21j0p6/eli5_do_dogs_have_a_sense_of_right_or_wrong/ | {
"a_id": [
"cgdhtrr"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"They don't have a sense of guilt like we might sometimes think they do. Rather, they know something they did was bad because they know that will be punished (because it's happened before... same way they know how to sit on command). They do it fo... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3igkl5 | how can a seemingly small amount of poison or venom be so eefective. 100 mg of venom from a black mamba snake is enough to kill a 100kg adult human. how is this possible? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3igkl5/eli5_how_can_a_seemingly_small_amount_of_poison/ | {
"a_id": [
"cug8vr6",
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"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"The biggest reason why black mamba venom is so effective is because, compared to other venom, the molecules in black mamba venom are very light allowing it to spread through the body quickly. Before your body has a chance to... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
35g6aq | How is glass made? | I understand that glass is made from sand, but that's about all I know. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/35g6aq/how_is_glass_made/ | {
"a_id": [
"cr49tsu"
],
"score": [
17
],
"text": [
"There are many different compositions of glass. In scientific terms, a glass is a solid that lacks any well-defined crystal structure. \n\nBy far the most common is Soda-lime glass. The raw ingredients for which are silica sand (silicon dioxide,... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1klspf | When did Bank Heists become a thing? | When did Bank Heists become a popular way to get money for criminals? Are there any ancient "bank robbers"? How are actual bank heists different (if they are at all) compared to how they are portrayed in media? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1klspf/when_did_bank_heists_become_a_thing/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbq87cd"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I'll let the experts elaborate but simple answer is \"when banks were invented\" ... \n\nWhile that might an exaggeration, highway-robbery and highwaymen are certainly a very old \"tradition\" and a driving force behind banks - ie not carrying mo... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1n3vwo | Do holocaust deniers have any valid points? | Obviously the holocaust is pretty much universally thought of as historical fact. So is there anything the deniers say which is at all true? If the evidence is so overwhelming why do they still exist? (I'm guessing stubbornness and anti-semitism) Just came across [this](_URL_0_). The main argument the person has is thi... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1n3vwo/do_holocaust_deniers_have_any_valid_points/ | {
"a_id": [
"ccf55e9",
"ccf5vic",
"ccf66qh",
"ccf6diq",
"ccf6fa6",
"ccf8bqo",
"ccf9gns",
"ccfb868",
"ccfctsw",
"ccfd684",
"ccfh7dv",
"ccfmzu9",
"ccfnmhg",
"ccfpksu",
"ccg5e93"
],
"score": [
40,
322,
33,
5,
100,
9,
50,
5,
... | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/Documentaries/comments/19gw8n/one_third_of_the_holocaust_explains_how_treblinka/c8okyjs"
] | [
[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/z9ywa/how_to_deal_with_holocaust_denial/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/NonJewishVictims.html"
],
[
"http://i.imgur.com/N4SBq6W.jpg"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
96ct12 | Where were the marines during the Wild West time period? | In most U. S. western movies they depict army infantry as the government authority in those times. Were the marines only utilized for amphibious warfare alongside the navy? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/96ct12/where_were_the_marines_during_the_wild_west_time/ | {
"a_id": [
"e402g9o",
"e4031mx"
],
"score": [
16,
2
],
"text": [
"In short, yes, the Marines were utilized for amphibious landings. \n\nIn a bit more length, the Marine Corps was declining. The U.S. Civil War, shortly before the Wild West time period (1865-1895) delegated the Marine Corps... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
65pztk | what's the difference between amd and nvidia gpus? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/65pztk/eli5whats_the_difference_between_amd_and_nvidia/ | {
"a_id": [
"dgcacov"
],
"score": [
9
],
"text": [
"Ford and Chrysler both make cars. The cars have four tires, steering wheel and a horn!\n\nBoth Ford and Chrysler vehicles get you from point A to point B.\n\nVideo cards all share a primary goal. Deliver video information to a display port."
]
... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
52olvl | why, when we are being put under anesthesia, does it give you a burning sensation up your arm, or from the point in which the anesthesia was administered. | Everything the title suggests my friends. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/52olvl/eli5_why_when_we_are_being_put_under_anesthesia/ | {
"a_id": [
"d7m0cip"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"If you're talking about getting it through an IV it's actually the cool temperature of the fluid going through your veins. Even lukewarm water can give that sensation since we have such a high body temp"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
33z5pz | For all those b & w photos of construction workers at death-defying heights, how often did we actually lose workers on the job? | I always see black and white photos of construction workers perched on steel beams way up in the air during bridge or skyscraper construction. They don't seem to be wearing any safety cables or harnesses.
Just how dangerous was that work? Did we lose a lot of workers that way? And was there compensation for the famil... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/33z5pz/for_all_those_bw_photos_of_construction_workers/ | {
"a_id": [
"cqpshbr",
"cqpvd20"
],
"score": [
10,
12
],
"text": [
" > Did *we* lose a lot of workers\n\ncould you confirm: are you asking for info/stats from the USA? thx!",
"Fatalities certainly did occur. During the five years of construction of Hoover Dam for example there were [9... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/fatal.html"
]
] | |
78e5tk | how come glass breaks when it hits the ground, but marbles bounce and hardly take damage? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/78e5tk/eli5_how_come_glass_breaks_when_it_hits_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"dot4wwr",
"dot6hft"
],
"score": [
13,
6
],
"text": [
"Spheres.\n\nSpheres distribute the shock of hitting the ground very evenly. A marble can still break, but it's less likely to than a cube, prism, or sheet.\n\n",
"The shape of the marble helps, but it is less significan... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] |
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