q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
value | subreddit stringclasses 3
values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
79w7et | what does aspirin do that helps prevent heart attacks, stroke and now cancer? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/79w7et/eli5_what_does_aspirin_do_that_helps_prevent/ | {
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"One observation is that some cancers are linked to inflammation. Aspirin may reduce certain kinds of inflammation.",
"Chronic inflammation promotes cell p... | [] | [] | [
[],
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z10wu | Is it possible for a planet to have no night time? | In Issac Asimov's short story Nightfall the setting is a planet that has a night once every 2500 years (I think that's the time frame) or so, and that's because of an eclipse of the single sun in their sky at that point in time by another planet. The reason given for this is that the planet they live on has six suns. T... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/z10wu/is_it_possible_for_a_planet_to_have_no_night_time/ | {
"a_id": [
"c60m7f7"
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"score": [
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"One way I can think of for a planet to not experience any nighttime is for it to be located at [L1](_URL_0_) between two stars. However, either forming the planet at L1, or forming it elsewhere and then somehow moving it to L1 would be unphysical... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_points"
]
] | |
abxxi7 | Would we be able to sequence DNA that's been fossilized, or preserved in amber? Or is it too degraded to even see? | Could we recreate the DNA or edit existing DNA at some point? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/abxxi7/would_we_be_able_to_sequence_dna_thats_been/ | {
"a_id": [
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"DNA degrades pretty fast, as geologic time scales go. New(ish) techniques have allowed sequencing of DNA from relatively young fossils, but the oldest DNA to have been sequenced so far is that of a horse from about 700,000 years ago, and that onl... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskScienceDiscussion/comments/a9bccd/will_we_ever_be_able_to_clone_dinosaurs_from/",
"https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2013/06/700000-year-old-horse-becomes-oldest-creature-sequenced-genome"
]
] | |
9sucfi | does the brain stem ever learn anything new? | Does the brain stem learn anything over time to make it better at keeping body systems running? Or perhaps, are we born with all the software it’ll ever get - with no hope for “updates”?
FYI - not high at all. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9sucfi/eli5_does_the_brain_stem_ever_learn_anything_new/ | {
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"text": [
"Hmm good question. The short answer is not really. At the most basic level, the brain stem is a way for the nerves of the body (PNS) to communicate with the brain and a way to regulate autonomic functions without active thought (imagine how much ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1rrmrp | why is gasoline always priced to .009? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1rrmrp/eli5_why_is_gasoline_always_priced_to_009/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdq8d11"
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"text": [
" > The extra \"tenths\" is a very old tradition that's never gone away. In 1935, a Reno Nevada newspaper wrote about \"selling third grade gasoline at eight and nine-tenths cents a gallon.\" \n\n > In those times, a penny had considerable value. ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_do_all_gas_prices_have_nine_tenths_of_a_cent"
]
] | ||
ad7hxr | Is there a genetic link between cleft palate and torus palatinus? | I (28F) have a torus palatinus on the roof of my mouth, which is just a harmless bony growth that sticks out. My brother (27M) was born with a cleft of the soft palate. So basically, I was born with an excess of bone and he didn’t have enough. I’m wondering if there is a reason we would both have palate abnormalities, ... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ad7hxr/is_there_a_genetic_link_between_cleft_palate_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"edeeq24"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"The soft and hard palate are both formed during foetal development (vs embryonic). There is a high likelihood that there is a minor genetic defect since both abnormalities to the palate, with similar point in gestation, have manifested themselves... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Palate_Development"
]
] | |
vrug0 | Are matter and antimatter symmetrical. | What i mean here is could our universe exist as antimatter, with all our laws of physics intact. Obviously we would be calling positrons electrons, etc. But would it work. (Asked this a while ago, but realized i may have worded it a bit awkwardly.) | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/vrug0/are_matter_and_antimatter_symmetrical/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Now that is an interesting question. As you've phrased it, the answer is yes: our universe would work the same if it were made of antimatter, and the physical laws we would discover would be the same.\n\nHowever, there are a couple of laws that, ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP_violation"
]
] | |
30op10 | If Germany and Japan were not allowed to have armies and were defended by the US after World War 2, why wasn't Italy in the same situation? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/30op10/if_germany_and_japan_were_not_allowed_to_have/ | {
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"text": [
"There were limitations placed upon both the size, deployment, and structures of the Italian military in the [1947 Peace Treaty- Warning PDF](_URL_1_). Part IV of the Treaty demanded that Italy defortify its frontiers with France and Yugoslavia a... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/japans-latest-destroyer-sure-looks-like-an-aircraft-car-1693949228",
"http://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/m-ust000004-0311.pdf"
]
] | ||
5irpdx | how can devices such as google home and amazon echo understand your voice while loud music is playing in the background? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5irpdx/eli5how_can_devices_such_as_google_home_and/ | {
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"text": [
"Background music adds complications to all signal processing, including for Google Home and Amazon Echo. Both of these devices have an always on functionality, meaning they are always listening. They are always listening for a distinct and very s... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
e4ycmw | what happens to a body when mixed with molten steel? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/e4ycmw/eli5_what_happens_to_a_body_when_mixed_with/ | {
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"text": [
"Molten steel is at least 1370 degrees celcius. Crematoriums operate at a maximum of 980 degrees celcius.\n\nThe body is basically cremated. Burnt into ash.",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nR6SWhJXc-4",
"https://www.reddit.com/user/DreamSeaside/"
],
[]
] | |
ahp96s | why do artists and painters in movies always hold out their pen and focus on it? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ahp96s/eli5_why_do_artists_and_painters_in_movies_always/ | {
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"text": [
"They're using the pen/brush handle/thumb as a reference for judging the size of an object, keeping it at arms length every time gives you a constant good-enough-for-art measurement.",
"people in mov... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
fgh6lg | what causes veins in the arms and hands to bulge sometimes, in addition to a feeling of "fullness" or pressure without physical activity? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fgh6lg/eli5_what_causes_veins_in_the_arms_and_hands_to/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"One of the main functions of veins is to serve as a reservoir for extra blood. If you had just enough oxygenated blood in your arteries for when you are at rest, then you would have a big problem as soon as you were active. So, your veins are lik... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
16a0bw | How were wounded soldiers treated during battle in formation-heavy armies (Roman legion, phalanx, Napoleonic line infantry, etc)? | If you were wounded in any significant capacity, were you treated as dead and ignored until the end of the battle? Was there any chance of a fellow soldier not at the very front trying to pull you back and "rescue" you? At what injury level were soldiers able to retreat from the front lines, or was it a fight until the... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/16a0bw/how_were_wounded_soldiers_treated_during_battle/ | {
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"text": [
"From what I understand from previous posts and various books I have read, a soldier wounded in a Napoleonic line company would be pulled away from the line initially by sergeants or corporals and then taken back to the sur... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.amazon.com/Face-Battle-Study-Agincourt-Waterloo/dp/0140048979",
"http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/mni/summary/v060/60.3goble.html",
"http://www.amazon.com/Little-Need-Divine-Intervention-Invasions/dp/188544513X",
"http://www.amazon.com/State-War-Fourteenth-Century-Michigan-Monograph/... | |
5v3vi6 | what has the mri scan done to help us understand the role of the brain? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5v3vi6/eli5_what_has_the_mri_scan_done_to_help_us/ | {
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"text": [
"It helped us map out which areas of the brain are activated under different situations, using contextual or sensory testing, such as exposing a person to visual, auditive, olfactory, etc... inputs, and watching which 'compartment' of the brain sh... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4f2bla | What films, if any, most accurately portray a pre-WWI battle, especially hand-to-hand fighting? | I was watching Braveheart again last night. Its laughable historicity aside, I've always thought the battle scenes were excellent. However, maybe they're inaccurate, too?
Which got me to wondering what movies have done the best job of portraying what a massed-formation battle would most likely look like, especially pr... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4f2bla/what_films_if_any_most_accurately_portray_a/ | {
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"text": [
"Everyone would do well in remembering that we require **in-depth** comments in this subreddit. Just throwing out a title of a movie an... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
a1nxkj | how exactly does more money translate to winning court cases more often? is it purchasing smarter lawers or just manpower to go through documents? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a1nxkj/eli5_how_exactly_does_more_money_translate_to/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"More manpower to go through documents and do legal research\n\n\nMore talented/experienced trial attorney's\n\n\nMore money to hire experts at trial\n\n\nMore money to file appeals, continuances and de... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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] | ||
ammeek | how can a password not containing numbers or special characters be considered weak? | If I can pick ANY combination of characters for my password, isn’t a combination containing only letters equally hard to guess as one that doesn’t? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ammeek/eli5_how_can_a_password_not_containing_numbers_or/ | {
"a_id": [
"efn14zb",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Unless you're using a randomly generated chain of letters, most password cracking software have functions built in to use the most commonly used words in passwords.\n\nIf you set a limit to the length o... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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] | |
3hb0pv | How was the Soviet invasion of Poland justified in the Soviet public? | How did the Soviet media antagonize the Polish state and justify the Molotov-Riebentrop pact? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3hb0pv/how_was_the_soviet_invasion_of_poland_justified/ | {
"a_id": [
"cu60obq"
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"text": [
"Just 20 years earlier, the 'corpse of Poland' was supposed to be the road to global revolution. The defeat of the Soviet army at Warsaw in 1920 was a major setback to international socialism. Also the territories Poland took in that war, while hi... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
f3j1i8 | how do broken bones knit when they aren’t completely immobile? | ELI5: when you break a bone, especially one that can’t be casted, there’s still some relative motion between the pieces. I understand osteoblasts do their thing and generate new bone. But when the pieces start to touch and the new bone connects, why doesn’t the slightest movement cause it to disconnect? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/f3j1i8/eli5_how_do_broken_bones_knit_when_they_arent/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"A lot of things actually heal better this way. For example, in hip fractures, the fixation depends on the bones being slightly mobile (look up a dynamic hip screw) as this reinforces repairs along areas of stress, making the overall repaired bone... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
7cddyl | why do bass sounds seem to travel better through walls, when high pitched sounds usually carry better over distance? | I have always had the impression that high pitched sounds carry better - for example a high pitched voice is often understandable from several rooms away while a bass voice often doesn't seem to carry. My personal experience is that often my girlfriend cannot hear me from the next room unless I deliberately speak in a... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7cddyl/eli5_why_do_bass_sounds_seem_to_travel_better/ | {
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"text": [
"There are two effects at work.\n\nThe first is the physics of it. Any material will attenuate different frequencies at differing levels. For most solid materials, low frequencies will be slightly attenuated and high frequencies massively attenu... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
18wjvm | Are shades of grey actually colors that we just cannot see that part of the spectrum for? | I learned that bees can see certain shades of colors. One experiment was looking to test their learning association with pollen. Blue cards were used, and grey cards of similar light shade/ intensity as the blue cards to negate the chance they are attracted to that light intensity rather than the color and can actually... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/18wjvm/are_shades_of_grey_actually_colors_that_we_just/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Shades of gray is a matter of intensity, not wavelength.\n \nWhite light (which is when our Red, green, blue receptors are equally stimulated), can appear anywhere from black to any shade of grey, based on how much light you are receiving.\n\nWhi... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachromacy#Possibility_of_human_tetrachromats"
]
] | |
32qy6j | How common/effective was guerrilla warfare in WWII? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/32qy6j/how_commoneffective_was_guerrilla_warfare_in_wwii/ | {
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"text": [
"TL;DR: Very common, and in MANY cases, EXTREMELY effective!\n\nThere were resistance movements in Greece, Yugoslavia, France, China, Indochina, Poland, Czechoslovakia, the occupied territories in the Soviet Union, Denmark, Norway, Italy, Albania,... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1lbs5g | Does fasting make people more famine resistant? | I posted this here yesterday but I think it got deleted somehow. If the mods find anything wrong with this post, please notify me so I may correct it.
In the Muqaddimah written in 1377, Ibn Khaldun speculates that one of the benefits of fasting during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan is that it increases the famine ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1lbs5g/does_fasting_make_people_more_famine_resistant/ | {
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"text": [
"This Radiolab segment discusses the improvement of your resistance from disease if your father or grandfather is in a fasted state when they develop sper... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.radiolab.org/2012/nov/19/you-are-what-your-grandpa-eats/"
],
[
"http://lens.auckland.ac.nz/imagesb/bf/Feast_or_Famine_2009.pdf",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944#Legacy",
"https://mediastore.auckland.ac.nz/uploaded/public/05-2012/252F6E97D6E84856AAC001A45FCBA69B.p... | |
wls51 | What precisely was a "fashionable regiment?" | I'm fairly familiar with how militaries at the time functioned, but this phrase comes up all the time in 18th and 19th century literature, but I've never seen it explained. What made regiments fashionable? Physical location, great parties, snappy uniforms? Did it change over time? And how often did such regiments ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/wls51/what_precisely_was_a_fashionable_regiment/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5efld3"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"The fashionable part was more for officers than the actual soldiers. Finding a good regiment or unit usually had to do with the location of their deployment, the favor of the commanding officer with the higher ups, the amount of action they saw, ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1cfqsm | how does someone who knows absolutely nothing about cars go about choosing a secondhand car? | I do know I'd maybe like a green one. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1cfqsm/eli5_how_does_someone_who_knows_absolutely/ | {
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"Because you're looking at potentially putting a lot of money into something that's going to need to be reliable for you, I would seriously recommend finding a friend who does know about cars, and take t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
3izrx1 | the difference between homo sapiens and homo sapiens sapiens? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3izrx1/eli5_the_difference_between_homo_sapiens_and_homo/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
" Homo Sapiens is what species we are. Homo Sapiens Sapiens is a subspecies - it's used to mean \"anatomically modern Homo sapiens\", ie people who's bodies look like ours. \n\nThe subspecies H. Sapiens Sapiens, ie us, diff... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1fn5ru | Franco-Prussian War, any experts around? | Long story short, my family history is a bit of a mystery. My Great Great Grandfather was originally from Frankfurt, is buried on the Isle of Man, and his son moved to Manchester. Until last week, we didn't know anything more than that.
Then, after a family member did a bit of digging, we found out that he was a caval... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1fn5ru/francoprussian_war_any_experts_around/ | {
"a_id": [
"cac252l"
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"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"/r/Genealogy might be useful for you?"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2dbnmu | given the gigantic size of its military, why can't the us impose its will on every country? | I'm not American btw | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2dbnmu/eli5_given_the_gigantic_size_of_its_military_why/ | {
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"text": [
"While we could do that to every country individually. We would piss off the world more then we already do. And we cant face the entire world.",
"Having a ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Hormuz"
]
] | |
5bxzny | if the average human hearing is 20hz to 20khz, why do they sell headphones with higher ranges, like 30khz? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5bxzny/eli5_if_the_average_human_hearing_is_20hz_to/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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7
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"text": [
"To get better results at 20KHz. The rules on this subreddit are forcing me to elaborate, but this is the simplest answer. Speakers with a 'response' from 20Hz to 20kHz cannot have a nice linear response (same output power f... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
a4tjzt | why are other video hosting sites not as used/popular as youtube? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a4tjzt/eli5_why_are_other_video_hosting_sites_not_as/ | {
"a_id": [
"ebhha0f",
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"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Here is a [video](_URL_0_) that goes into the problems start up video sharing websites run into. Their audiences end up being the very same people that drive everyone else away. ",
"Popular among whom? In Japan, _URL_1_ ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://youtu.be/r3snVCRo_bI"
],
[
"dailymotion.com",
"nicovideo.jp"
]
] | ||
9q3jkq | How do lakes deep underground maintain an ecosystem with no energy input from the Sun? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9q3jkq/how_do_lakes_deep_underground_maintain_an/ | {
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3200,
785,
2,
37,
9,
197,... | [] | [] | [
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2sci7l | Why is it in the overwhelming majority of societies in history, that gender roles remain consistent? | Not specific gender roles such as pink for girls and blue for boys, but more general gender roles such as that men are dominating and leader of the family while women are nurturing and caretakers. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2sci7l/why_is_it_in_the_overwhelming_majority_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"cno9113"
],
"score": [
2
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"text": [
"hi! it might be worth x-posting this question to /r/AskAnthropology or /r/AskSocialScience"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
36mfa2 | what is the 'school smell'? | Where does it come from? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/36mfa2/eli5_what_is_the_school_smell/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"I always thought I noticed it more when I came back from brakes, when they had time to buff the floors. I thought... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
4hzqz8 | how are people with split personality disorder diagnosed? | How are people with split personality disorder diagnosed?
Also are they aware of what goes on while other personalities are active? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4hzqz8/eli5_how_are_people_with_split_personality/ | {
"a_id": [
"d2tqdxj",
"d2tr7wu",
"d2tt7az"
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"score": [
4,
14,
7
],
"text": [
"Dissociative Identity Disorder is extremely rare. People are diagnosed by a qualified professional in the same way that any psychiatric illness is diagnosed. They must demonstrate that they meet the di... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1det8m | Why were the U.S. Army so ill-trained and ill-equipped when they entered WWI? | Compared to the European armies, why were the U.S. Army so ill-prepared for war? why didn't the U.S. have a much larger and better prepared army in peacetime leading up to first world war?
(this isn't a homework question I just wanted to know) | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1det8m/why_were_the_us_army_so_illtrained_and/ | {
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"c9pydx2",
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10,
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],
"text": [
"Another reason was that President Wilson refused to prepare the US Army for war (I believe he even refused to send observers to Europe). This was one of Teddy Roosevelt and the Republicans' main critic... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
5lw6v3 | Did early humans have any predators? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5lw6v3/did_early_humans_have_any_predators/ | {
"a_id": [
"dbzaou3",
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"score": [
31,
26,
10
],
"text": [
"Many. Remember that it wasn't until fairly recently in the timeframe of modern human evolution that most large megafauna died off (well, was wiped out by humans anyway), so for most of that time huma... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/08/100831-cannibalism-cannibal-cavemen-human-meat-science/"
],
[
"https://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/monkbird.htm"
]
] | ||
1nq58k | The personal life of women (circa 1050) | Hi Reddit Historians! This is my first time posting, so I hope I get it right. I would like to know about what a the personal life for women would look like in the 'early' medieval ages. Namely, what was their role in the family? Did women have a the right to speak up and voice their opinions? Did they really have to ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1nq58k/the_personal_life_of_women_circa_1050/ | {
"a_id": [
"cckxyah"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"It would be useful to specify a location as well. Since you said \"medieval,\" I'm assuming you're looking for European answers, right?"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3na2lf | why is the highest tax bracket only about $450,000? why not have higher tax brackets at incomes of $1 million, $5 million, $10 million, etc.? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3na2lf/eli5_why_is_the_highest_tax_bracket_only_about/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvm71hw",
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"score": [
82,
5,
3
],
"text": [
"If you have that much money, it's easy to [minimize your effective tax rate](_URL_1_) (charities, retirement plans, investments, etc). The top tax bracket was as high as 94% in [1944](_URL_0_). As fo... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_tax_in_the_United_States#History_of_top_rates",
"http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/06/04/as-the-rich-become-super-rich-they-pay-lower-taxes-for-real/"
],
[],
[]
] | ||
3bq551 | why can't dopamine be manufactured? | If many drugs are largely enjoyable due to artificially elevated dopamine release, why can't dopamine be created and taken to achieve the euphoria? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3bq551/eli5_why_cant_dopamine_be_manufactured/ | {
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"score": [
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5,
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"text": [
"While we can create dopamine, there's no way to enjoy the dopamine without injecting it into our brain. It's much simpler to just take another drug that causes dopamine productio... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-DOPA"
],
[]
] | |
3g3k06 | what is a dna schedule and how does it prove when human life begins? | Mike Huckabee mentioned it tonight in the Republican primary debate. Can any geneticists or embryologists explain what a DNA schedule is and how it demonstrates that human life begins at conception? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3g3k06/eli5_what_is_a_dna_schedule_and_how_does_it_prove/ | {
"a_id": [
"ctuiqoc",
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"score": [
8,
2,
5
],
"text": [
"It's not a term that exists. Huckabee made it up. \n\nThe question of when human life begins will always be a philosophical one. Science can't \"prove\" anything here. A new, genetically distinct organi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1qh8wn | why was/is there such an incredible fear of communism? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1qh8wn/eli5_why_wasis_there_such_an_incredible_fear_of/ | {
"a_id": [
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"cdcyo93",
"cdcyucg",
"cdd01ln",
"cdd0f0u",
"cdd129o",
"cdd1hr2",
"c... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedong",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union"
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[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_calculation_problem",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate"
],
[],
[],
[],
[]... | ||
umxc6 | How do you regulate calcium if you don't have a thyroid? | Calcitonin is made in the thyroid. How can you properly regulate calcium without the thyroid gland? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/umxc6/how_do_you_regulate_calcium_if_you_dont_have_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4wrkdd",
"c4wtwzo"
],
"score": [
6,
2
],
"text": [
"Calcitonin is actually not that important in normal calcium homeostasis - it's primarily regulated by parathyroid hormone. The parathyroid glands receive feedback from both vitamin D and serum calcium levels to modulate sec... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2y50t2 | when i close my eyes and blow my nose, i feel an air bubble in the inner corner of my eye. why? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2y50t2/eli5_when_i_close_my_eyes_and_blow_my_nose_i_feel/ | {
"a_id": [
"cp69tbk",
"cp6ex0b"
],
"score": [
64,
9
],
"text": [
"Your tear duct (nasolacrimal duct) is connected to your sinuses.\n\nThere's a flap that's supposed to keep the two separate, but in some people, it doesn't quite seal.\n\nYou're trying to blow air through your nose, but bec... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
75gzoc | what happens to caterpillars who haven't stored the usual amount of calories when they try to turn into butterflies? | Do they make smaller butterflies? Do they not try to turn into butterflies? Do they try but then end up being a half goop thing because they didn't have enough energy to complete the process?
Edit: u/PatrickShatner wanted to know: Are caterpillars aware of this transformation? Do they ever have the opportunity to be a... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/75gzoc/eli5_what_happens_to_caterpillars_who_havent/ | {
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"do659i2",
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"do7e579",
"do7eouu",
"do7hcya",
"do7nndc",
"d... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.eartharchives.org/articles/the-oldest-caterpillar-on-earth-spends-its-winters-frozen-solid/"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.cranialborborygmus.com/monarch-caterpillars-failed-pupating-partial-chrysalis.htm"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
... | |
qbbd9 | Question about shuffling a new deck of cards. | Let's say we've opened a new deck of cards. How much shuffling need be done to ensure a random distribution is created? And, what method of shuffling (by hand) can be used to generate this random deck using the least number of shuffles?
Is just one shuffle enough to consider it random? Two? Ten? I'm interested in whe... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/qbbd9/question_about_shuffling_a_new_deck_of_cards/ | {
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"c3wbhcr",
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],
"score": [
2,
5,
20,
94,
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"www.dartmouth.edu/~chance/teaching_aids/Mann.pdf"
],
[
"http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chance/course/topics/winning_number.html"
],
[],
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRkXIiYZjUU"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%E2%80%93Yates_shuffle",
"http... | |
20nta7 | What is the consensus of the theory that Marcus Brutus is the illegitimate son of Julius Caesar? | I've heard both sides of it, but have no qualifications to subscribe to either theory | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/20nta7/what_is_the_consensus_of_the_theory_that_marcus/ | {
"a_id": [
"cg5aao9"
],
"score": [
2
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"text": [
"Very unlikely is the consensus since Caeser is only around 15 years older then Brutus which would have made him very young to be fathering children. Caesars affair with Servilla most likely started around 77bce after the death of her first husban... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
33o9h8 | how can steam charge for mods? haven't mod communities been permitted by developers because they don't profit off the content? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/33o9h8/eli5_how_can_steam_charge_for_mods_havent_mod/ | {
"a_id": [
"cqmt2cg",
"cqmt9nl"
],
"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"Some mods are free, other mods are payware. Mod communities aren't automatically given blanket permission by developers to give away free mods. It depends on the developer, the titles and the modder. They can charge for mods... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
jldfz | the appeal and glamor of ivy league schools | Why are these schools so desired? Would a degree in economics from Yale be the same as a degree from Tufts? ELI5 | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/jldfz/eli5_the_appeal_and_glamor_of_ivy_league_schools/ | {
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"score": [
3,
3,
5,
3,
3,
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"text": [
"Perceived prestige, top-notch professors and networking.\n\nMany schools outside of the Ivy League offer all three, some for much cheape... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
27mnzg | If Arab and Middle Eastern countries did not recognize or support the state of Isreal, why did they allow much of their Jewish populations to emirgrate there from the late 40's to early 70's? | I'm not asking about the "push" or "pull" factors concerning why Jews would emigrate, but it seems that allowing more Jewish people to emigrate to Isreal would strengthen the young country and that other countries in the Middle East would have wanted to keep Isreal as weak as possible. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/27mnzg/if_arab_and_middle_eastern_countries_did_not/ | {
"a_id": [
"ci2b396"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"It's important to contemplate what else was happening during this time. A lot of the countries involved were fighting against old colonial powers and remnants of imperialism, we have the Suez crisis in Egypt, intensifying Cold War in the region, ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1fl538 | Are the relativistic time differences between clocks on the Earth and the clocks in GPS satellites, due to the reduced gravity 12,500 miles up or the speed at which the satellites travel or both? | An object that travels faster relative to another has an internal clock that 'runs' slower, while an object closer to a gravitational source does the same thing, so which of these (the distance from the gravitational center of the Earth or the orbital speed) has the greater effect on the clocks in the GPS satellites? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1fl538/are_the_relativistic_time_differences_between/ | {
"a_id": [
"cabazxa",
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"score": [
3,
28,
7
],
"text": [
"Both, but the gravitational effect is stronger.",
"The velocity causes the clocks to fall behind by 7 microseconds per day. The lower gravity causes them to go faster by 45 microseconds per day. Ne... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit5/gps.html"
],
[]
] | |
6x97rj | William III of England (or Holland, take your pick) was installed by a foreign power. How did this happen and what were the consequences? | Is this better understood as a miltary process, an adversarial one, a political one, or something else?
What state's interests did William ultimately serve? England's? Holland's? Both? Other? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6x97rj/william_iii_of_england_or_holland_take_your_pick/ | {
"a_id": [
"dme86sp"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Tiny correction: William III was stadholder of the Netherlands, not *just* Holland, and he installed *himself* with a bit of help from Parliament. Two years ago [Scott Sowerby held an AMA](_URL_0_) on England in the seventeenth century, including... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2pprje/thursday_ama_im_scott_sowerby_associate_professor/"
]
] | |
1m1q58 | e: keynesian economics | I know I could wiki this but I'd like to hear from other people. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1m1q58/e_keynesian_economics/ | {
"a_id": [
"cc4y78m"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"This is a relatively complicated concept, and your inquiry is rather open-ended, but I'll do by ELI5 best:\n\nKeynesian economics is a theory of economics conceived (at least, among others) by John Maynard Keynes in 1936, in the book *The General... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
fjty4g | How were 15h century halberdiers typically equipped? | Recently I've gotten it into my head to get together kit for reenactment and wanted to do a 15th century halberdier. However, my research has turned up pretty empty as to how armoured halberdiers were, so it'd be a great help if anybody here has proper answers. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/fjty4g/how_were_15h_century_halberdiers_typically/ | {
"a_id": [
"fkpf1ej"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Fellow 15th century reenactor here, here's my main advice: have a more specified goal.\n\nThe 15th century is a large time period with lots of changes. Not only that, but the definition of \"Halberdier\" will change depending on where you are. A ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4p048u | if i hold a green light and i go into a dark i would see everything in that room not only green things(i.e things that reflect green color)? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4p048u/eli5if_i_hold_a_green_light_and_i_go_into_a_dark/ | {
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10,
2,
14,
5,
7
],
"text": [
"Things that normally absorb green light will show up as darker, but you could still see them because of the shadows they will cast, and they will be next to... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
5ruhfr | What is a chance of a number to be prime? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5ruhfr/what_is_a_chance_of_a_number_to_be_prime/ | {
"a_id": [
"ddab0t4"
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"score": [
31
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"text": [
"If you randomly pick a number between 1 and N, then the chances for it to be prime are approximately 1/log(N). This is the [Prime Number Theorem](_URL_0_), one of the most important results in Number Theory and is kinda like a Riemann Hypothesis... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_number_theorem"
]
] | ||
3fpiow | after wwi and wwii, why doesn't america hate germany? | I mean, Germany started 2 world wars. Germany killed million and millions of gay people, disabled people, old people, jewish people, mentally ill people, black people, non german people, and other "undesirables" during, the Holocaust (do I capitalize Holocaust?). Also, why is it that everyone always thinks of jewish pe... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3fpiow/eli5_after_wwi_and_wwii_why_doesnt_america_hate/ | {
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11,
9,
2,
4,
3,
5
],
"text": [
"After WWII, Germany was completely destroyed and remade as the Allies saw fit, it was almost a completely different country than pre-wa... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-German_sentiment"
]
] | |
1o1ots | how is it possible that animals can fit so much complexity into such tiny brains? | I started thinking about this after watching that Michio Kaku talk.
How do living things, specifically biological brains create such complex 'emergent' behavior, and why can't we approach it with our current technology.
I mean even a simple cockroach can walk, intelligently seek out food in environments it's never s... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1o1ots/eli5_how_is_it_possible_that_animals_can_fit_so/ | {
"a_id": [
"cco1l14",
"cco1tnc"
],
"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Because nature creates bajillions of them, each of them a little different from the other, and lets them run wild. The survivors get to breed. With our technology we don't tend to create bajillions of experiments running i... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
4hvrrp | Did the Romans Commemorate their dead in yearly ceremonies? | Did the Romans have a similar ritual as we have when we commemorate the dead from wars in the past(The Great War, World War 2, Korea, etc)?
I am mostly interested in rituals during the Roman Republic and the early Roman Empire. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4hvrrp/did_the_romans_commemorate_their_dead_in_yearly/ | {
"a_id": [
"d2srz44"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Keep in mind you're asking about a time period of 1-2,000 years.\n\nThe closest I can give you resides in the triumphal arches erected to celebrate victories. Whereas it's not a remembrance of the dead as we think about it, it is a remembrance ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1cxl90 | Has there been a case of a soldier in WW2 being killed by ordnance from WW1? | It is almost Anzac day here in Australia and after hearing one of the yearly filler war stories on the news- this one regarding unexploded ordnance, I was wondering if there was any recorded incident of ordnance from a previous war affecting the next? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1cxl90/has_there_been_a_case_of_a_soldier_in_ww2_being/ | {
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"score": [
19,
15,
6,
4,
4
],
"text": [
"I have not heard a case of a soldier on land being killed by ordnance from WW1, but I have heard of cases in which sailors have died on ships that hit naval... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_cruiser_Bl%C3%BCcher"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1918_Browning_Automatic_Rifle"
]
] | |
66foch | how do banks make profit from "free" products? | All products I own (cheque accounts, savings accounts, credit & debit cards etc) don't carry an annual fee. Credit cards I understand they're probably just relying on people's inability to pay them back on time and thus pay interest, but what about accounts? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/66foch/eli5_how_do_banks_make_profit_from_free_products/ | {
"a_id": [
"dgi5g4r",
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"dgi6eyq"
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"score": [
5,
2,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"they make money using your money to loan out to others. \n\nyou deposit $1000. the bank isn't just sitting on it. they're using that $800-900 of that money pooled with other ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
4k7b12 | why do we have different lotions and creams for out face and body? isn't it the exact same skin? (for example when you have a dry skin) | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4k7b12/eli5_why_do_we_have_different_lotions_and_creams/ | {
"a_id": [
"d3cpnk0",
"d3cqnh4"
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"No. Some skin is thicker. The soles of your feet for example are much thicker than your eyelids. That's one difference at least.",
"Look at body lotion and a face moisturiser - body lotion is pretty thick and, depending ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1huu96 | What were the training regimes for heavy cavalry in the Napoleonic era? | Before they were let loose on the battlefield what sort of miltary training did they have to go through? There seems to be plenty of resources on their tactics but none on how they were trained. Any help would be greatly appreciated. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1huu96/what_were_the_training_regimes_for_heavy_cavalry/ | {
"a_id": [
"cayci3k"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
" > Cuirassiers are of greater use than all other cavalry. This arm...needs to be well instructed. It is in the heavy cavalry that the science of the mounted man should be carried to the highest degree.\n\n-Napoleon\n\n\"Heavy Cavalry\" probably... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carabiniers-%C3%A0-Cheval",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragoon#19th_century",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuirassier#18th_and_19th_century",
"http://books.google.com/books?id=QcfPN0xQfoEC&pg=PT36&lpg=PT36&dq=napoleonic+cavalry+training&source=bl&... | |
b9ldod | how does the male body (idk if females experience this too) reach post nut clarity? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b9ldod/eli5_how_does_the_male_body_idk_if_females/ | {
"a_id": [
"ek5bwls"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I don't have the answer. It's neurochemical stuff.\n\nBut way to go asking the question like you're five! That shows commitment to the sub."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6hfeb6 | what is "starvation mode", in terms of dieting? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6hfeb6/eli5_what_is_starvation_mode_in_terms_of_dieting/ | {
"a_id": [
"dixw59a"
],
"score": [
19
],
"text": [
"It's a largely debunked idea based on a few poorly designed studies decades ago.\n\nThe idea is that if your body is deprived of calories for too long, it will start hoarding what calories it does have, thus increasing stored fat.\n\nThe main re... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
fqssst | could my immune system hypothetically "run out of storage space" for new diseases and thus be unable to become immune to any new ones? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fqssst/eli5_could_my_immune_system_hypothetically_run/ | {
"a_id": [
"flryy7y",
"fls2r04"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"No, your immune system forgets bacterias and viruses over time. That's why a vaccine will eventually not work anymore. But your body remember most bacterias and viruses for years. So no worries.",
"One of the ways your i... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
ezvzuz | New Orleans was a French possession for only about 45 years and had a very small population for most of that time. How did French influence manage to remain so strong there? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/ezvzuz/new_orleans_was_a_french_possession_for_only/ | {
"a_id": [
"fgq6n8h"
],
"score": [
46
],
"text": [
"I'm assuming that you mean the French influence is strong in New Orleans as compared to other territories of French Louisiana added to the United States in the Louisiana purchase? Obviously, the French influence in New Orleans pales in compariso... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://books.google.com/books?id=8IY4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA345&lpg=PA345&dq=%22the+creole+influence+breathed%22&source=bl&ots=M7-UTs6H58&sig=ACfU3U1hHMapWhgfMnN8qUCNueczmv0KSw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJj56-1r3nAhUolnIEHWpMB9gQ6AEwAXoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22the%20creole%20influen... | ||
67bfo3 | WW2 Tanks - British/Soviet Commander Hatch machineguns? | Something I've never seen in any WW2 games, photos, movies, tv shows etc is any sort of machinegun mounted on British or Soviet tanks for the Commander to use, yet i've seen plenty of examples for American and German tanks. Were they not really something they used, or have i just not come across any examples? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/67bfo3/ww2_tanks_britishsoviet_commander_hatch/ | {
"a_id": [
"dgpcg3l"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"There were two official types of roof mounted AA machineguns for Soviet WWII era vehicles: the 7.62 mm DT in a P-40 mount and the 12.7 mm DShK.\n\nThe [P-40 mount](_URL_3_) was developed before the war, in 1937, with an improved version built in ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://tankarchives.blogspot.ca/2014/10/lend-lease-impressions-m4a2-sherman.html",
"http://tankarchives.blogspot.ca/2015/12/aa-mg.html",
"http://tankarchives.blogspot.ca/2016/04/aa-dshk-mount.html",
"http://i.imgur.com/iQrFlzA.jpg"
]
] | |
8443vu | How did professions that used lots of paper, like bankers and lawyers, preserve the hundreds of pages of documents in the 19th Century? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/8443vu/how_did_professions_that_used_lots_of_paper_like/ | {
"a_id": [
"dvo0579"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"This has always been a problem and fire was a common enemy. You don't even have to go back as far as the 1800's. You can read about [The 1973 Fire, National Personnel Records Center](_URL_0_) to get a basic idea of what kind of loss could occur a... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/military-personnel/fire-1973.html"
]
] | ||
1j7yb1 | Help me understand why my speed of light loophole is probably wrong. | If gravitational attraction leads to constant acceleration, why can't two objects with mass be placed far enough apart in a sufficiently empty universe to accelerate towards each other and eventually reach the speed of light. I'm sure the distance needed could be calculated based on the mass of the objects and the math... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1j7yb1/help_me_understand_why_my_speed_of_light_loophole/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbc3gad"
],
"score": [
19
],
"text": [
" > If gravitational attraction leads to constant acceleration, why can't two objects with mass be placed far enough apart in a sufficiently empty universe to accelerate towards each other and eventually reach the speed of light.\n\nBecause the a... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity-addition_formula",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_factor"
]
] | |
9zua7f | Did the dinosaur-apocalypse meteor's impact change the Earth's orbit or rotation? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9zua7f/did_the_dinosaurapocalypse_meteors_impact_change/ | {
"a_id": [
"eac2rv6",
"eacb43w"
],
"score": [
9,
7
],
"text": [
"Slightly. Every collision results in the transfer of linear and angular momentum. But the mass of the impactor was so small in relation to the Earth that if it happened, it would be difficult, but not impossible, to measure ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
3n580y | Is one side of the brain emotional/creative while the other side is logical/factual? | I think most people have heard references in pop culture/among the general public to being "left-brained" or "right-brained," the implication being that one side is logical and the other side is emotional, or one side is creative and the other side is factual.
I always thought this was just one of those things people ... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3n580y/is_one_side_of_the_brain_emotionalcreative_while/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvm2q3i"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"Things such as logical or creative can be complex behaviors and are not limited to a single area in the brain. There are some aspects of brain function that are lateralized (e.g., language on the left and visuospatial on the right), but even the... | [] | [
"https://www.ted.com/speakers/jill_bolte_taylor",
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1491514817?ie=UTF8&isInIframe=0&n=283155&ref_=dp_proddesc_0&s=books&showDetailProductDesc=1#product-description_feature_div"
] | [
[
"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0071275",
"http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00839/abstract",
"http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v6/n8/full/nrn1740.html"
]
] | |
6te4rg | What keeps food from ‘going down the wrong pipe’ and doesn’t when said event occurs? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6te4rg/what_keeps_food_from_going_down_the_wrong_pipe/ | {
"a_id": [
"dlkpq07",
"dlqtwro"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Swallowing is a pretty complex process that takes place in three different stages. Esophageal stage isn't as important to your question. The oral phase is important in food bolus preparation for pharyngeal transit. Without t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
4w10av | how old black and white photos, that pre-date colored photography, can accurately have color added into them. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4w10av/eli5_how_old_black_and_white_photos_that_predate/ | {
"a_id": [
"d6328aq"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I don't do recolors, but to my knowledge when one is doing a recolor, he/she guesses approximately what the colors would be. There's no real science behind it. Hope that helps. If anyone has more knowledge, please chime in."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1kiamy | what is penicillin? and how do we get it from mold to curing things? | I've never really understood. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1kiamy/eli5what_is_penicillin_and_how_do_we_get_it_from/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbp7nav"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"It's a chemical that forms in the namesake fungus. A scientist noticed by serendipity that a sample of the fungus prevented bacterial growths."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
7w5al1 | why are you not guaranteed a trial by a jury of your peers in the us? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7w5al1/eli5_why_are_you_not_guaranteed_a_trial_by_a_jury/ | {
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30,
4,
6,
2
],
"text": [
"IANAL, but in some states, the right to a jury trial may not be guaranteed if the possible sentence is a very short imprisonment or just a small fine. The... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/399/66/"
],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.avvo.com/legal-guides/ugc/illinois-misdemeanor-criminal-process"
]
] | ||
3n86ci | Did 'Bloody' Mary Tudor deserve her title? | I've been watching The Tudors lately, and have been really moved by the deeply sympathetic portrayal of Mary Tudor.
I was just wondering what some other people think of her. She obviously did some terrible things, but was she the monster some people make her out to be, or is she misunderstood?
Thanks. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3n86ci/did_bloody_mary_tudor_deserve_her_title/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvluo13"
],
"score": [
24
],
"text": [
"I think it's fair to say she wasn't significantly worse than her contemporaries, even her lauded successor, Elizabeth I; it was a period where religion and politics were deeply intertwined, and warfare was constant across Europe. It's worth not... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1th202 | Why does a silencer reduce the bullets velocity? | I've always known that silencers reduce range but I've always wondered why. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1th202/why_does_a_silencer_reduce_the_bullets_velocity/ | {
"a_id": [
"ce848i9",
"ce8a7d0"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Most modern silencers, more correctly known as \"suppressors,\" in fact do *not* affect a bullet's velocity in any significant way. Early suppressors contained a rubber gasket (called a wipe if memory serves) that would brie... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://youtu.be/WhgZYBRh0ZI",
"http://youtu.be/P0yNi3VlXzs"
]
] | |
4ih2yj | what is it that can make similar guns from different brands sound different when firing the same cartridge? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4ih2yj/eli5_what_is_it_that_can_make_similar_guns_from/ | {
"a_id": [
"d2y37mn"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Barrel length affects the amount of propellant that is burned. Shorter barrel means louder blast. \n\nMuzzle brakes/compensators/flash hiders on ends of barrels affects how the burned propellant is directed, which can change how the shot sounds. ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
ysgqp | why is iran having nuclear capabilities such a big concern when the u.s. and plenty of other countries already do? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ysgqp/eli5_why_is_iran_having_nuclear_capabilities_such/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
4,
2,
5
],
"text": [
"Essentially, it's problematic because nuclear powers are harder to bully, and a Nuclear Iran would make it harder for the established powers to continue containing Iran's influence.\n\nPlus, there's the... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/23/us-iran-usa-nuclear-idUSBRE82M0G020120323",
"http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002041473_nukes21.html"
]
] | ||
12hyar | Because of the time it takes for the light of distant stars to reach us, how different would the sky have looked hundreds of years in the past? | I was driving home tonight and wondering to myself if I was gazing at the same sky as say, Galileo, or if what I was looking at would be nearly unrecognizable to the people of that time.
Since it takes years for the light of distant stars to reach us, does that mean that in the past there would have been fewer visible... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/12hyar/because_of_the_time_it_takes_for_the_light_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6v6s9l"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"There are very few stars that will change on such short time scales. One example is Eta Carinae. It used to be one of the brightest stars in the sky, but \"burped\" a hundred years ago or so, and is now obscured by its own dust cloud. \n\nAlso, t... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2frz5n | Japan and USSR during 1938-1939. Were the USSR's armies actually superior to those of Japan? In what ways? | I have done some basic reading on Khalkhin Gol and the Battle of Lake Khasan(wikipedia), but there was little elaboration other than "after several engagements during August 2–9 the Japanese forces were disastrously defeated and thrown out of the Soviet territory".
I am also curious as to how Japan in 1905 is describe... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2frz5n/japan_and_ussr_during_19381939_were_the_ussrs/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckcsvcr"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"The Red Army was superior to the Kwantung Army in three main ways, all of which feed into each other. They had a superior doctrine, were superior technologically, and were superior numerically. The last two were both dictated by, and enabled the ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
ujv2c | Many questions about recent /r/science posts about our universe being inside a black hole. | My questions come from this article/thread:
_URL_0_
but I've read others.
Questions:
1) Does anyone know how seriously the science community is taking these kinds of theories (the media is never realistic about this).
2) I'm confused about how the influx of matter into a black hole corresponds to the arrow of time f... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ujv2c/many_questions_about_recent_rscience_posts_about/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4w2pwc"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"1) Not very. It's mostly just that one guy working on it. It's a cool story, so they picked up on it.\n\n2) The arrow of time markers shouldn't be viewed as something causative: time doesn't advance because of entropy increasing or the universe e... | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/science/comments/ujdnf/black_holes_may_contain_alternate_universes/"
] | [
[]
] | |
8e88c4 | why technology "freezes" | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8e88c4/eli5_why_technology_freezes/ | {
"a_id": [
"dxt680j",
"dxt7paq",
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"score": [
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"It doesn't unless your in the arctic. Sometimes things lock up, due to software conflicts. ",
"If you want an in depth answer, you're gonna need a lot more than literally 3 words.\n\nSoftware freezi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
92pdgo | how did apex predators that existed millions of years ago go extinct? (i.e terror birds, megalodon, levyatan) | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/92pdgo/eli5_how_did_apex_predators_that_existed_millions/ | {
"a_id": [
"e37cofn",
"e37d491",
"e37rjst"
],
"score": [
5,
4,
2
],
"text": [
"It's hard to pinpoint the exact causes ~~of~~ for most prehistoric animals and plants, beyond trying to extrapolate data from the scarce info we have. We can look at extinction events nowadays for clues... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
3kego7 | In America during World War II, what would happen if a man was drafted, and it turns out he wouldn't have made a good soldier? | To elaborate, I'm not talking about something that would immediately disqualify him, like a medical factor (if I remember correctly, being flat-footed was enough to get disqualified).
Instead, what I mean is something like a personality trait. Maybe it turns out that the man is undisciplined, doesn't take orders well... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3kego7/in_america_during_world_war_ii_what_would_happen/ | {
"a_id": [
"cuwym7t"
],
"score": [
34
],
"text": [
"In a draft, it's not like you get handed a uniform. It means you report for selection. People are turned down for all sorts of reasons, even in a draft. Poor vision, diabetes, epilepsy, heart problems, hearing problems, mental illness, being too... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.dfis.ubi.pt/~hgil/P.V.2/Ishihara/Ishihara.24.Plate.TEST.Book.pdf"
]
] | |
25j643 | Are the steroids that cause people to gain weight in medication the same as the steroids people use to build muscle? | I've been wondering about this for a while because I have a couple of friends who are overweight. They tell me the reason they're overweight is because of the steroids in their medication that they take.
Are these steroids the same type of steroids that bodybuilders use or are steroids just a generic term for somethi... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/25j643/are_the_steroids_that_cause_people_to_gain_weight/ | {
"a_id": [
"chhopvu"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"The term steroid refers to molecules that have a similar 4 ring, 17 carbon base skeleton. Additions to this skeleton are what make each steroid different, but still belong to the same family.\n\nSo the type of \"weight gaining\" steroid that most... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
5wcdr7 | Do we have any idea how gender egalitarian Teryan early pre-Christian pagan England was? And how much the introduction of Christianity change to that? | I ask because I'm reading the Mists of Avalon by Marion Zimmer Bradley and I'm wondering how accurate it is? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5wcdr7/do_we_have_any_idea_how_gender_egalitarian_teryan/ | {
"a_id": [
"de9svg4"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"When you say \"early pre-Christian pagan England\", are you referring to:\npre-Roman pagan southern Britain (ie BC);\nthe early Roman period in southern Britain (pre-Christian pagan, so maybe the 2nd century AD); \nor the early Anglo-Saxon period... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
30etou | why do people choose to live in high crime areas (e.g. compton, ca and south side, chicago) | Always wondered how these places have had such a bad reputation for sooo many years yet there are still a lot of people living there.
Why haven't the current residents left yet, why do people continue to live there, why do people keep moving there? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/30etou/eli5_why_do_people_choose_to_live_in_high_crime/ | {
"a_id": [
"cprr1if",
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"cprt6qa"
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"score": [
9,
5,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"High crime and low rent/property value go hand in hand. People live there because they can't afford to live anywhere else.",
"Because living there is cheap and that's all they ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
68jhd3 | what causes airplane turbulence in a completely clear sky? | I was on a flight today that had some pockets of bad turbulence, especially for take off and landing. However, the sky was completely clear the entire flight. I wondered what it was, and it was windy in both cities. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/68jhd3/eli5_what_causes_airplane_turbulence_in_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"dgyymtc"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Turbulence is caused when different currents of air mix, causing pressure differences in the air and thus affecting flight through it. This doesn't always form clouds or other detectable formation, called clear air turbulence."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
5dbh8t | why do some people (like myself) have big booming voices and have difficulty speaking at an inside voice, but some people have really soft voices and struggle to speak up? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5dbh8t/eli5_why_do_some_people_like_myself_have_big/ | {
"a_id": [
"da39fan"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Genetics. I think this question is similar to the question 'why am I blonde and my sibling is brunette?' Or 'why am I taller than my siblings?'. It's all in the genes. That being said, you can teach yourself to speak softly/loudly. It takes pract... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
37ffmd | -why were fifa execs arrested, and what did the usa have to do with it? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/37ffmd/eli5why_were_fifa_execs_arrested_and_what_did_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"crm8ljv"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"We don't know yet.\n\nEven FIFA don't know yet. They've issued a press statement saying they are \"seeking clarification\".\n\nWe also don't know who's been arrested - only one of the six men has been named, and he's a FIFA official from the Caym... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
67zlb5 | how hard is it to quit smoking? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/67zlb5/eli5_how_hard_is_it_to_quit_smoking/ | {
"a_id": [
"dgugvsa",
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"dgulgie",
"dgum2pj"
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"score": [
6,
5,
4,
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Because it contains a drug and drug addiction is very hard to overcome. Even with willpower it's hard to overcome. Same with any addicti... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1383od | What are some other theories of gravity? | Mind Blown! I just realized why it is the THEORY of gravity. Some things in the universe might not yet be fully explained by our current models!!
So I have been studying astro physics and am having trouble understanding and believing in dark matter. For we have never seen it or detected it in any way. I did a quick goo... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1383od/what_are_some_other_theories_of_gravity/ | {
"a_id": [
"c71tqvw",
"c7256a2"
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"There are plenty. It's very easy to construct a new theory of gravity - just put in some new ingredients and decide how those ingredients behave, and how they interact with the gravitational field. The real question isn't wh... | [] | [
"http://phys.org/news85310822.html"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2hg5nn | how/why does 'ghost pepper' cause vomiting, rectal bleeding, sweating? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2hg5nn/eli5_howwhy_does_ghost_pepper_cause_vomiting/ | {
"a_id": [
"cksc4l6",
"cksdqq2"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"I'm assuming the chemicals in the pepper cause a great deal of irritation to human tissues.\n\nRegular hot peppers cause similar irritation, but not to the same degree. At a certain point hot peppers are no longer foodstuff... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
axa4j2 | Where do stereotypical "redneck" names like Bubba, Skeeter, or Cletus come from? | [deleted] | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/axa4j2/where_do_stereotypical_redneck_names_like_bubba/ | {
"a_id": [
"ehslnai"
],
"score": [
545
],
"text": [
"LIke many Colloquial things, the etemology of these names is tough to trace because their use is rarely documented very well. \n\nThe etemology of the word bubba has [reportedly](_URL_3_) traced to the german word \"Bube.\" (meaning boy), o... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://gullahtours.com/gullah/gullah-words",
"https://ir.library.louisville.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2351&context=etd",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cletus_Spuckler",
"https://books.google.com/books?id=L70EAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA272&dq=%22bubba%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=z72UVZ7-J9a... | |
2nwrku | How accurate, topographically speaking, was the Chernobyl level in CoD 4? | In Call of Duty 4: modern Warfare, two of the missions are set in Pripyat in 1996. The missions are "[All Ghillied Up](_URL_0_)" and "[One Shot, One Kill](_URL_1_)". I had assumed that the level designers had taken a large amount of liberty with the leve;s, but the recent footage from the drone sent into Pripyat makes ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2nwrku/how_accurate_topographically_speaking_was_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cmhtoqh"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I don't know about topography, but the way the game is styled is fairly accurate. Pripyat has been abandoned since the Chernobyl nuclear plant disaster, so everything has been left for mother nature to control. But the ferris wheel is actually re... | [] | [
"http://callofduty.wikia.com/wiki/All_Ghillied_Up",
"http://callofduty.wikia.com/wiki/One_Shot,_One_Kill"
] | [
[
"http://unknownworld.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Town-Centre.jpg",
"http://media.sacbee.com/static/weblogs/photos/images/2012/nov12/chernobyl_2012_sm/chernobyl_2012_03.jpg"
]
] | |
156fn8 | If you had a properly sized lens completely free of any imperfection, could you build a magnifying glass that could see atoms? | If not, what about large molecules or cells? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/156fn8/if_you_had_a_properly_sized_lens_completely_free/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7jp02x",
"c7jq9mo",
"c7jr3ms",
"c7jrpix",
"c7jrvlf",
"c7jt53r",
"c7jth8d",
"c7jttr5",
"c7jul38",
"c7jy5gk"
],
"score": [
185,
9,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"No, because the wavelength of (visible) light ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airy_disc"
],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_index_metamaterials",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superlens"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-field_scanning_optical_microscope"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STED_microsc... | |
ad1ydr | why do all space launch pictures make the space ship look like it’s going in a full circle? | Every long exposure space launch I see the contrail is always curved like its going in a circle. I thought when I jumped the earth wouldn’t move beneath me. What gives? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ad1ydr/eli5_why_do_all_space_launch_pictures_make_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"edcsmro",
"edcsna0",
"edcsnjr"
],
"score": [
7,
3,
4
],
"text": [
"The rocket doesn't go straight up to exit the atmosphere, it has to curve to conserve energy and reach the desired altitude. So the trail from the rocket explosion is really curved, because its trajecto... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
2pa91r | why have many pathogens evolved to be deadly if this constrains their ability to spread? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2pa91r/eli5_why_have_many_pathogens_evolved_to_be_deadly/ | {
"a_id": [
"cmur9yl",
"cmuraa6",
"cmurbam",
"cmus4rb"
],
"score": [
4,
8,
9,
2
],
"text": [
" > if this constrains their ability to spread?\n\nIt really depends on the disease. For example, let's look at cholera. When it infects you, it spreads by draining your body of wat... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
2lzhre | why does a person's body stop the force of a grenade when the force is strong enough to break through walls? | This is probably the worst day in the world to ask this, but I read an article about it and was curious about how it's possible. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2lzhre/eli5_why_does_a_persons_body_stop_the_force_of_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"clzk7kg",
"clzki33"
],
"score": [
3,
13
],
"text": [
"The person who is laying on the gernade catches all the srapnel (metal bits that used to be gernade). Without srapnel flying around the gernade has a highly reduced effective area. \n\nTo your point about walls; depending o... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] |
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