q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
value | subreddit stringclasses 3
values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e49op3 | How did belief in Greek Mythology die out and what replaced them ? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/e49op3/how_did_belief_in_greek_mythology_die_out_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"f9camzp"
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"text": [
"The basic answer for the broader definition of Greek Myth/Religion is Christianity, but I think that broad definition isn't necessarily what most people think of when they say \"Greek Mythology\" today. The storybook version of 12 Olympian gods ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
rtnj8 | When I am all alone, and there is no noise in the room, and it is all still and quiet, there is a sound in my ears/head that is similar to a ringing of the ears, but it's not quite the same. What causes that? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/rtnj8/when_i_am_all_alone_and_there_is_no_noise_in_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"c48k9uk"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"[Tinnitus](_URL_0_): \"the perception of sound within the human ear in the absence of corresponding external sound\". \n\nCauses are varied, so check the ~~Zelda~~ link for more on that. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinnitus"
]
] | ||
6ela6e | How was Garibaldi able to conquer Southern Italy with only 1000 or so volunteers? | Larger question, when I look up the history of Southern Italy on wikipedia it seems to be a history of countless foreign rulers. I almost read nothing about actual Southern Italians.
Were there a lot of genocides? Am I right to think that that the Norman, Arab, Byzantine, German, French, and Spanish governments wiped ... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6ela6e/how_was_garibaldi_able_to_conquer_southern_italy/ | {
"a_id": [
"dibmolc"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"You're asking a lot of questions, which is understandable; Wikipedia is not a complete source of information by any stretch of the imagination. Let's begin in the beginning. \n\nAfter the eighth century, Southern Italy was contested three ways b... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
34h6t0 | - if hiv can take up to 6 months to show up on a blood test, how do they know donated blood is safe? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/34h6t0/eli5_if_hiv_can_take_up_to_6_months_to_show_up_on/ | {
"a_id": [
"cqungia"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"They generally eliminate high risk classes from donating blood. There are a lot of reports that confirm that HIV transmits faster from certain ways over others. They make sure to ask people questions about their lifestyle to figure out whether ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.cbc.ca/strombo/news/canadas-tainted-blood-scandal"
]
] | ||
1uqoy9 | AMA - 20th Century American Popular Culture | Welcome to this AMA which today features five panelists willing and eager to answer your questions on 20th Century American Popular Culture.
Our panelists are:
* /u/Bufus [American Comic Books](#flair-art): I do historical research using comic books as primary sources and have written my thesis on the relationship b... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1uqoy9/ama_20th_century_american_popular_culture/ | {
"a_id": [
"cekqdoz",
"cekqezu",
"cekqhow",
"cekqs3d",
"cekquex",
"cekr157",
"cekrn4b",
"ceksd8o",
"cektbqp",
"cekunl8",
"cekusne",
"cekvpit",
"cel2209",
"cel3fdb",
"cel613l",
"celchxz"
],
"score": [
3,
5,
7,
5,
7,
2,
3,
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
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"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1p2pt2/what_were_race_relations_like_between_early_rock/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
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2n0chc | How do you think someone in a coma would react to psychedelics? | [I'm reposting from r/Psychonaught](_URL_0_). I want real biological answers so don't give me the hippy bullshit. As a science/math major, I am deeply wondering why this hasn't been attempted yet or if it's even possible? I know there are problems with consent. I know there could be negative effects. But as a last res... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2n0chc/how_do_you_think_someone_in_a_coma_would_react_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"cm997q2",
"cm9j6di",
"cm9mtyu",
"cm9ukk3"
],
"score": [
59,
22,
19,
2
],
"text": [
"[This question was asked a few years ago](_URL_1_) and didn't get much of an answer. I don't know if you'll be able to get much more than that, but good luck to you.\n\nI had a ... | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/Psychonaut/comments/2mykcu/how_do_you_think_someone_in_a_coma_would_react_to/"
] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimally_conscious_state",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/m8ool/what_effect_might_hallucinogens_have_on_a/",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locked-in_syndrome",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_vegetative_state"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1utz1o | When is a species no longer considered invasive? | I found [this](_URL_0_) thread in a search, but was wondering if anyone could go into more detail.
Follow up question: Would wild horses still be considered an invasive species in North America? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1utz1o/when_is_a_species_no_longer_considered_invasive/ | {
"a_id": [
"celr3ex",
"celrsne"
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"score": [
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],
"text": [
"There is no 'right' answer! You can either take the stance of 'it would never have got here without human help, therefore it is invasive' or 'it has adapted to the environment, therefore it is now native'. Which of these you... | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/sss94/how_long_does_it_take_an_invasive_species_to/"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
5igz5z | how'd the yahoo "hacking" happen? | Mainly just the title, shellshocking? What's that? And I saw on a couple of sites that only some details of accounts had been revealed, name and date of birth, but it says that "the internal servers were compromised" am I just reading dodgy sources? why wouldn't they take stuff like credit card details? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5igz5z/eli5_howd_the_yahoo_hacking_happen/ | {
"a_id": [
"db8mzxr"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"According to [the post from Yahoo](_URL_0_) \n > For potentially affected accounts, the stolen user account information may have included names, email addresses, telephone numbers, dates of birth, hashed passwords (using MD5) and, in some cases, ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://yahoo.tumblr.com/post/154479236569/important-security-information-for-yahoo-users",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellshock_(software_bug)"
]
] | |
8fn7e4 | Are there any known examples of jump discontinuities occurring in the natural world, (not related to manmade systems)? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8fn7e4/are_there_any_known_examples_of_jump/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Definitely. One example of a natural jump discontinuity would be the [triple point of water](_URL_0_) - plot \"number of phases in equilibrium for water\" as a function of temperature and pressure, and you'll find that most... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_point#Triple_point_of_water"
],
[]
] | ||
nzejf | Why don't we and other animals have eyes in the backs of our heads? Wouldn't having a 360 vision be a massive benefit? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/nzejf/why_dont_we_and_other_animals_have_eyes_in_the/ | {
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"score": [
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8,
43,
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"text": [
"It would also have a massive cost.\n\nThe entire visual perceptual pathway, from the retina to V1 to MT (where ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
2qdrs2 | Why were there so few German-American organized crime groups? | Of all the major waves of immigrants to the U.S., the germans seem to have produced the fewest gangs/organized crime groups. I'm sure part of this is because a german immigrant was less likely to settle in a dense ethnic enclave within a major city than say an Italian, but there were quite a few predominantly german ne... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2qdrs2/why_were_there_so_few_germanamerican_organized/ | {
"a_id": [
"cn5d150"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"It's hard to say something didn't happen, but we can say why other groups did turn to organized crime. Ethnic groups who were blocked from traditional employment often attempt to break out and make it by turning to crime. We can see this in the h... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1b8d87 | Would it be possible for a human to stand on an asteroid or comet as it speeds through space? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1b8d87/would_it_be_possible_for_a_human_to_stand_on_an/ | {
"a_id": [
"c94lfu9",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"If the asteroid in question had enough mass for it's gravity to hold you down, yes. ",
"Yes. Why wouldn't it be? \n\nIf your velocity relative to the asteroid or comet is 0, you wouldn't fly off of it or something."
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
3bih4k | why do we find the natural human odor to be so offensive? are there other animals who are put off by the smell of their own species? | It's summer. I can't be in the same room with people who don't shower every day and use deodorant. Why do people in their natural state smell so bad? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3bih4k/eli5_why_do_we_find_the_natural_human_odor_to_be/ | {
"a_id": [
"csme7fs"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Well, that's not \"natural human odor\" you're smelling. What you're smelling are actually mostly the chemical byproducts of bacteria eating all the oils and things in your sweat.\n\nThese bacterial byproducts are actually some of the same chemic... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
nywdq | Any good book on history of education? | Any tip appreciated. Thanks! | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/nywdq/any_good_book_on_history_of_education/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3d24q8"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"Hi, a while ago I commented on a similar question. [You could have a look here](_URL_0_), perhaps it could be useful to you as well?"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://nl.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/mvxt4/education_through_the_ages/c34a1xd"
]
] | |
1wtx2f | Why are salts of hydrochloric acid and organic bases called "hydrochlorides" instead of "chlorides"? | From [Wikipedia](_URL_0_) I know that producing the hydrochloride salt is often used in medications ("HCl") to make organic compounds water soluble for rapid absorption into the body, and have a longer shelf life.
From school I know acid + base = salt + water, but that doesn't match the wiki equation. What's going o... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1wtx2f/why_are_salts_of_hydrochloric_acid_and_organic/ | {
"a_id": [
"cf5dy1h",
"cf5eodg"
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"score": [
4,
3
],
"text": [
"Acid-base reactions don't necessarily result in water being produced, that is only true for the simplest case of Arrhenius theory in which the acid always provides a proton and the base a hydroxyl group. A more general theor... | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochloride"
] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8nsted%E2%80%93Lowry_acid%E2%80%93base_theory"
],
[]
] | |
5jw3g3 | security codes on credit cards | Was it useful at some point? Because it seems that the contemporary method of keylogging to get credit card information a 3 digit code would be just as vulnerable as the 16 digit ID preceding it. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5jw3g3/eli5_security_codes_on_credit_cards/ | {
"a_id": [
"dbjgops"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"It makes it harder to use stolen credit card data for online purchases without the physical card. The 3 digit code is not stored on the cards magnetic strip, it's only printed on the card itself, so if the card's data is surreptitiously stolen us... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
5rr4dv | I've heard there was hand-to-hand fighting in Stalingrad. Is this true? If so, why weren't guns sufficient? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5rr4dv/ive_heard_there_was_handtohand_fighting_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"dd9nb2i"
],
"score": [
11
],
"text": [
"Hand-to-hand can be something of a misnomer, in that it is often used as an example of hyperbole to indicate the ferocity of urban combat, and is not necessarily literal.\n\nThat being said, urban warfare gets up close and personal, and Stalingr... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
fd1y5y | Was Greek civilization derived from Egypt | Architecture mathematics even philosophy are derived from Egypt and near east, so what is original from Greece? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/fd1y5y/was_greek_civilization_derived_from_egypt/ | {
"a_id": [
"fjgnynv"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"Civilisation is one of those loose terms that, the more we think about it, the harder it is to define. I'm assuming you mean the general sense of identity/values/aesthetics/social structures and so on that we consider to be 'Greek.' The answer r... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
61a8pg | how can a baseball player throw 95 mph baseball when a boxer's top punching speed is around 25 mph? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/61a8pg/eli5_how_can_a_baseball_player_throw_95_mph/ | {
"a_id": [
"dfcwkia"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Because the speed of a pitch comes from the whip of the arm accelerating the ball. The punch is just arm movement. The two are not connected when it comes to speed. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
38qqgi | when and why will the current tech boom end? what are the implications for the overall economy? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/38qqgi/eli5when_and_why_will_the_current_tech_boom_end/ | {
"a_id": [
"crx3ngw",
"crx46bd"
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"score": [
4,
3
],
"text": [
"\"Tech\" is a very big field with many sub genres if you like. The 70-90s boom was the personal computer, 00s-10s was the the internet era and to a certain extent it's still going. The next few years will see lots of wearabl... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
da3enz | How long did it take to Christianise the people of Denmark and other parts of the Viking world (Norway, Sweden, Iceland etc)? | I've been reading a lot of Orderic Vitalis's "Ecclesiastical History" lately, and he suggests that whilst Danish kings and nobles may have been Christians from the time of Harald Bluetooth in the mid-10th century, Christianisation didn't properly get underway until the reign of King Cnut IV (reigned 1075 - 1086). For e... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/da3enz/how_long_did_it_take_to_christianise_the_people/ | {
"a_id": [
"f1nj6yw"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"It depends on the region; The Jelling Stone in Denmark announcing the establishment of Christianity as the religion by Harald was still significant even if it didn't mean the whole country was converted yet. As did the Icelandic þing decision of ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/d9ipla/did_old_pagan_gods_appear_in_later_folklore/f1l2dbl/"
]
] | |
37xrsi | why do games nowadays get sold at normal price unfinished? is it just for money, or is the gaming industry creating such massive games they can't release all the content at once? | I saw this post about how when you bought a game, it was like buying a whole meal. Nowadays, it seems like you pay for each ingredient separately for an entire game.
Link to what Im talking about: _URL_0_ | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/37xrsi/eli5_why_do_games_nowadays_get_sold_at_normal/ | {
"a_id": [
"crqnz0x",
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"score": [
8,
5
],
"text": [
"I'm 33 years old and was heavily involved in gaming when I was a teenager. I'm not the most OG guy around, but I remember a \"back in the day\" story or two.\n\nYou are remembering with rose colored glasses what \"then\" wa... | [] | [
"http://imgur.com/o5ojiDy"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1t5zxs | How does a bit in a computer turn on or off (1 / 0) without something to do it manually? | This is most relevant with solid memory (RAM, flashdrives). How can you turn a switch on or off without touching it? Or is it more complicated than just a switch? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1t5zxs/how_does_a_bit_in_a_computer_turn_on_or_off_1_0/ | {
"a_id": [
"ce4trth",
"ce4uyyd"
],
"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"It's all capacitors and transistors which are in effect electronic switches. [Here's a description of how DRAM operates](_URL_1_).\n\nIf that explanation is too complex/in-depth, you can look at [how a latch operates](_URL_0... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip-flop_\\(electronics\\)#SR_NOR_latch",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory#Operation_principle"
],
[
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Magnetic_core.jpg"
]
] | |
ebnmfl | Did Sweden out of fear cooperate/facilitate the invasion and conquest of Norway by Nazi Germany? | [deleted] | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/ebnmfl/did_sweden_out_of_fear_cooperatefacilitate_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"fb77yi5"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"There's a lot of myths about this and I've [previous debunked](_URL_0_) some of them, for more reading. So, to try to keep this short:\n\n**Invasion of Norway**\n\nSweden most certainly did not aid the _invasion and conquest_ of Norway. Sweden w... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/buqf3b/did_sweden_facilitatehelp_the_germans_in_the/epgw0u5/",
"historia.se",
"http://www.historia.se/htmldatatest2/index.html"
]
] | |
1q7l87 | need some physics help to explain why or how this works? (xpost from r/lifehacks) | Hello ELI5, need some help getting some science stuff down. This was a recent life hacks post, started a small controversy about why/why not it works (see comments). I'm not interested in if its a good hack or not, but mainly just the idea as to whether the flower pots actually do help generate more heat and faster. Th... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1q7l87/eli5need_some_physics_help_to_explain_why_or_how/ | {
"a_id": [
"cda1e3k"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
" > ...mainly just the idea as to whether the flower pots actually do help generate more heat and faster.\n\nDefinitely not. The flower pots are only insulating the heat given off by the candles, so it won't dissipate as fast (the same way a therm... | [] | [
"http://ww.reddit.com/r/lifehacks/comments/1q4v6k/heat_a_room_for_pennies_a_day/",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brHqBcZqNzE"
] | [
[]
] | |
1woj0j | why is it that when you quit smoking you get sick and cough so much. | It happened to me when i quit smoking and I heard from some of my ex smoking friends. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1woj0j/eli5_why_is_it_that_when_you_quit_smoking_you_get/ | {
"a_id": [
"cf3y0n9",
"cf3y25c",
"cf3zw18"
],
"score": [
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Nicotine is a physically addictive drug meaning that your body developed a physical dependence on the drug being in your system.\n\nWithout the nicotine your body starts to go through withdrawal symptom... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
mtr5w | If the sun suddenly disappeared from the center of the solar system, how long would it take the Earth to freeze and for life on Earth to die off? Minutes? Days? Weeks? | I'm assuming the planets would all go off in straight lines according to their velocity as well. Would there be any major interplanetary interactions or would everything just sort of expand away from where the sun used to be? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/mtr5w/if_the_sun_suddenly_disappeared_from_the_center/ | {
"a_id": [
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4,
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"text": [
"There would be no gravitational interaction with the Sun, for the planets to orbi, so they would continue in a straight line in the velocity direction of when the gravitation inter... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/hbbv5/if_the_sun_were_to_suddenly_disappear_would/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/go6g5/if_the_sun_were_to_suddenly_disappear_how_long/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/luaz0/if_the_sun_were_to_suddenly_disappear_how_long/"
]... | |
qyu3n | Why is it that I can see both Venus and Jupiter in the night sky at the same time? | I'm guessing it's through some angle, but for whatever reason I can't seem to wrap my head around it. Venus is orbiting the Sun at a shorter distance than we are, and Jupiter is orbiting much farther away. So when we are facing out to space during the night, why is it we can see both? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/qyu3n/why_is_it_that_i_can_see_both_venus_and_jupiter/ | {
"a_id": [
"c41jdep",
"c41jh3b",
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"score": [
6,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"You may enjoy [this.](_URL_0_)",
"Imagine being on the surface of Earth and looking in the direction of [Venus and Jupiter]( _URL_0_). Also, this gives you a good idea why we can currently see them... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.solarsystemscope.com/"
],
[
"http://www.theplanetstoday.com/"
],
[
"http://i.imgur.com/VtxP8.png"
]
] | |
6njlvs | how is the price of a book determined? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6njlvs/eli5_how_is_the_price_of_a_book_determined/ | {
"a_id": [
"dk9y34x"
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"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Supply and demand. Books with small publishers and high demand are expensive. Famous authors are expensive. Books that are considered up-and-coming stars are given better jackets and priced higher than new books that the publisher has deemed serv... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
53ua2z | Why are face transplants so rough? | This might seem like kind of a brash question, I don't mean it to be. It seems like with all the advances in plastic surgery, facial transplants should be more convincing than they currently are. What are the reasons it's so difficult to make a convincing facial transplant? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/53ua2z/why_are_face_transplants_so_rough/ | {
"a_id": [
"d7wqnc8",
"d7wxgfg"
],
"score": [
8,
5
],
"text": [
"There are so many nerve endings. Not like with most plastic surgery, where it's one area of the face that is fixed. This is an *entire face*. \n\nI would assume there's a lot of tissue damage/tissue death involved as well. I... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2ffh5o | How effective were ironclad warships? | Were ironclads effective against wooden ships? If so, by how much? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2ffh5o/how_effective_were_ironclad_warships/ | {
"a_id": [
"ck8x6t2",
"ck8zmaa"
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"score": [
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3
],
"text": [
"As /u/Superplaner pointed out, the lack of many notable clashes in the short span where Ironclad Battleships were the Queen of the Seas makes judging their effectiveness a little hard to manage. One of the few we have is the... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2ebm7b/was_the_union_navy_stronger_than_the_royal_navy/cjy13uq"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cherbourg_(1864)"
]
] | |
2mdtnf | At roughly what time in history did European weapons become technologically superior to those found in the rest of the world? | Edit: Also, what military innovations during that time made Europe superior? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2mdtnf/at_roughly_what_time_in_history_did_european/ | {
"a_id": [
"cm3rg19",
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"text": [
"Why were the comments deleted? ",
"So, apparently the people who answered you removed all their comments. So I'll try and give you some basic guidelines, but this is pretty far from my expertise:\n\n1) First of all, the ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Juan_Bautista_(ship\\)",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Opium_War"
]
] | |
2bdgtw | what are the major differences between aerobic and anaerobic exercise? | What are the benefits of each? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2bdgtw/eli5_what_are_the_major_differences_between/ | {
"a_id": [
"cj48old"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Aerobic exercises are often classified as cardio and endurance work outs. They focus on doing light exercises for long periods of time to help the blood flow and help muscle groups learn to work for extended periods of time. This is what's most o... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
k9zbq | please explain me why some people believe the world trade center catastrophy was a conspiracy act | **EDIT:** Thank you very much for the answers! I'm going to read them all after I get home from university.
Again, thanks everyone for explaining | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/k9zbq/please_explain_me_why_some_people_believe_the/ | {
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... | [] | [] | [
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"http://www.loosechangeguide.com/LooseChangeGuide.html",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/conspiracy/comments/jx0ef/the_earthquake_on_the_east_coast_was_not_caused/"
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"http://www.rememberbuilding7.org/"
],
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[],
[],
[],
[],
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"http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Northwoo... | |
uoy08 | My uncles were born identical twins, yet their personalities seem to contrast each other. Is this a known thing? | A couple of my uncles are identical twins. They're around fifty years old now, and time has treated them differently, so they're easy to tell apart now. They were apparently indistinguishable to nearly everybody until they hit puberty. There are a couple of things that have always intrigued me though.
One is left h... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/uoy08/my_uncles_were_born_identical_twins_yet_their/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4x9j8h"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"If they're identical (monozygotic) twins then technically they were the same ball of cells at some point. Monoamniotic/monochorionic monozygotic twins split at around day 10ish post-fertilization (just past the blastocyst stage), but most other ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
5hwxb1 | if older cartoons and animated movies were drawn by hand, how did they get the coloring so even and clean, unlike paintings for example? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5hwxb1/eli5_if_older_cartoons_and_animated_movies_were/ | {
"a_id": [
"db3ku67",
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"text": [
"It all depends on the medium used. For example, paintings often use canvas (usually with a rough surface for better paint adherence) and acrylic or oils, which tends to be thick and don't evenly mix th... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
b67wqp | why does tea taste sweeter after it cools down? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b67wqp/eli5_why_does_tea_taste_sweeter_after_it_cools/ | {
"a_id": [
"ejj3thb"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"You generally tastes less when drinking really hot things or really cold things, partially due to how fast you tend to move it to parts of your mouth that are less sensitive, and others are signals being mixed with how hot/cold/pain you are feeli... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4ell91 | What would happen if two faults on opposite sides of a tectonic plate shifted simultaneously? | I was reading [this post in AskReddit](_URL_2_) and wondered what would happen if the [Cascadia subduction zone](_URL_1_) and the [New Madrid seismic zone](_URL_0_) had events occur simultaneously? I don't know that these faults are exactly on opposite sides of plates, but hypothetically, if an earthquake happened in b... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4ell91/what_would_happen_if_two_faults_on_opposite_sides/ | {
"a_id": [
"d21fmft"
],
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"text": [
"First, the Cascadia subduction zone is on the western edge of the North American plate, but the New Madrid seismic zone is an intra-continental feature, i.e. it is in the middle of the North American plate. The eastern edge of the North American ... | [] | [
"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/nmsz/",
"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/data/crust/cascadia.php",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/4ekced/what_catastrophe_is_waiting_to_happen/"
] | [
[
"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/shakemap/global/shake/Casc9.0_expanded_se/download/intensity.jpg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Ridge"
]
] | |
3p28b7 | canadian's election are really close. can you explain what we should know? (young guy that knows nothing and want to make the best decision) | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3p28b7/eli5_canadians_election_are_really_close_can_you/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"As a fellow first Time voter, I have the dilemma of listening to the politicians speak agreeing with somethings they say, then they say something else and I think \"and YOU want to lead this country\". ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://www.votecompass.com/"
]
] | ||
8rbt5l | why can't we build a car that generates its power from the wheels turn like a windmill | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8rbt5l/eli5_why_cant_we_build_a_car_that_generates_its/ | {
"a_id": [
"e0pzla6"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Because energy transfer isn't perfect, and the energy you'd expend getting the wheels to turn is WAYYY more than the energy you'd get back trying to use the spinning wheels to turn a generator. \n\n"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4rufmx | In medieval Europe how often would you encounter people who carry either a sword or bow? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4rufmx/in_medieval_europe_how_often_would_you_encounter/ | {
"a_id": [
"d54sqrk",
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6
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"text": [
"Medieval Europe is a vast area and time. People you could meet in England in the 1100s would be different than France in the 1250s, and Italy in the 1300s. Can you narrow it down a bit?",
"In European medieval cities (w... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE57662"
]
] | ||
b8dxyd | why are illicit drugs cut with dangerous chemicals? | I often see articles on drugs being cut with dangerous chemicals. Like mdma tablets containing paint thinner.
Why is this the case? Why not just use something like flour if you are trying to save money on production | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b8dxyd/eli5_why_are_illicit_drugs_cut_with_dangerous/ | {
"a_id": [
"ejxxh6t"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"When you're making drugs \"at home' (ie - not a professional lab), you tend to cut corners and not buy everything from the most reputable chemical suppliers. Maybe you need a strong acid, why not grab battery acid or concrete cleaner? A strong ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
12ihbi | Why does the temperature drop just before sunrise? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/12ihbi/why_does_the_temperature_drop_just_before_sunrise/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6vbg3t",
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5,
3,
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"text": [
"I'm not sure what you mean. Excluding outside factors like cold fronts, the temperature doesn't suddenly drop just before sunrise.\n\nJust before sunrise is the coldest part of the day because cooling ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://i.imgur.com/dKRWR.jpg"
]
] | ||
5cienk | How Do I find out who is buried on my parents' old property when some of the graves are marked only with stones? | My parents are in Eastern NC so the area's been inhabited for a VERY long time. There is a small family cemetery on site, but only 3 of the graves are marked with headstones. However, there are a few large round rocks near the cemetery, and ONLY in that area. My dad says they were ballast rocks for ships and thinks the... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5cienk/how_do_i_find_out_who_is_buried_on_my_parents_old/ | {
"a_id": [
"d9wpsas"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Not asking you to dox yourself at all, but depending on the county it might be worth contacting the county historical society and/or the local newspaper, to see if they have archives going back to the early era of when the area was settled. If I ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1atygi | Was there ever a more global language than English? | Unless I'm extremely mistaken, English is the world's current Lingua Franca. From my history classes I'm aware that there were previous ones, such as Latin and French, but they were all active when cultures were much more isolated. Has there ever been a language as universally accepted as English?
The reason I ask is... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1atygi/was_there_ever_a_more_global_language_than_english/ | {
"a_id": [
"c90ub9o"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"English is widely spoken throughout the world, but isn't nearly as dominant as you might think. It's second to Mandarin in terms of total speakers, and Spanish (a very global language), Arabic, and Russian aren't very far behind. A solid tip in t... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6g1wth | What are the origins of playing cards? | Additionally, where does the Ace come from? The Jack? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6g1wth/what_are_the_origins_of_playing_cards/ | {
"a_id": [
"din361y",
"dinhv7r"
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"score": [
61,
26
],
"text": [
"Follow-up question:\nHow did certain cards in various games gather their names, such as the left and right \"bauers\" of Euchre or the \"vixer\" and \"old lady\" of Solo?\n\nIf I understand correctly, the games I gave as e... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1xl4ih | what happens to fines paid to government? | For example:
I was reading about the [Libor Scandal](_URL_0_) and it said...
"On 19 December 2012, UBS agreed to pay regulators $1.5 billion ($1.2 billion to the US Department of Justice --- ) for its role in the scandal."
...
Who gets the money in these cases? Does it just fund future investigations? Does this ... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1xl4ih/eli5what_happens_to_fines_paid_to_government/ | {
"a_id": [
"cfcc70y",
"cfcck95"
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"score": [
2,
5
],
"text": [
"I'm sure there are a million and two different stories if you followed any of the money, but generally speaking it counts as revenue for that level of government. Like taxes and bond sales and then it gets allocated in some ... | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libor_scandal"
] | [
[],
[
"http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2014/assets/receipts.xls",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_Victims_Fund",
"http://ojp.gov/ovc/pubs/crimevictimsfundfs/intro.html",
"http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/Supplemental",
"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefin... | |
3omehk | I read that caffeine in coffee has a half life of about 4 hours. It's this true? If so, why dies it only decay at this rate after the coffee is brewed? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3omehk/i_read_that_caffeine_in_coffee_has_a_half_life_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvzt9t0"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"4-5 hours. The half life is only in regards to the metabolic half life inside the body. A lot of enzymes break down caffeine into other compounds and this process takes time. Some is also expelled through the urine. \n\nNatural degrading of compo... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1j0cmu | How can Orcas jump so high? | I remember seeing Free Willy and thinking it was absurd how high Willy jumped, but then I saw [this picture](_URL_0_) and I'm quite perplexed. That's way higher than a great white shark can jump, and they are powerful swimmers and much lighter to boot.
So how does an Orca pull it off? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1j0cmu/how_can_orcas_jump_so_high/ | {
"a_id": [
"cb9th81",
"cb9uq7g"
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"score": [
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3
],
"text": [
"It's all about velocity, the faster you can approach the surface of the water, the higher you can jump. However it's not an issue of being better swimmers in general, sharks are neutral buoyancy, orcas are positive buoyanc... | [] | [
"http://imgur.com/a/KlE5f"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
15wcnt | how do the rsa securids work? | I saw [this post](_URL_0_) and decided to read up on what these devices do. Apprently, I'm having comprehension problems today because the Wikipedia page went right over my head. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/15wcnt/how_do_the_rsa_securids_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7qeux4",
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"score": [
3,
2,
5
],
"text": [
"Normally, when you log into a server your user credentials are stored in some kind of database. This may be a *nix based system, or in Windows this will typically be Active Directory (AD).\n\nTo overly... | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/mildlyinteresting/comments/15w688/my_securid_code_was_all_zeros/"
] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
b3zf68 | why are the french riots with the yellow vest protestors not being reported at all in u.s. media? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b3zf68/eli5_why_are_the_french_riots_with_the_yellow/ | {
"a_id": [
"ej38nwj",
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"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"A combination of the fact that many people in the US don't care about foreign affairs to begin with and don't understand the reason for the Yellow Vest protests / riots and are therefore not interested, and that even if peop... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
765op1 | during the war of the currents, tesla and edison battled over superiority between alternating current (ac) and direct current (dc). why is alternating current regarded as more superior than direct current? | I know that the main difference between alternating current and direct current is that direct current flows from one direction while alternating current goes back and forth in the same circuit.
But what difference does it make? Why does this make alternating current superior than direct current? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/765op1/eli5_during_the_war_of_the_currents_tesla_and/ | {
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"text": [
"It is not really superior. Automobiles use direct current.\n\nThe one really important difference up to now is that transformers can be used to step up and down the voltage with a... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
34kgn7 | Are there any measurable differences between two hydrogen atoms? | Excluding isotopes. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/34kgn7/are_there_any_measurable_differences_between_two/ | {
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"text": [
"No. :)\n\nThat's a quite significant feature of quantum mechanics. They are completely indistinguishable. And this is a relevant feature when doing calculations in thermodynamic... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_isomers_of_hydrogen"
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[]
] | |
2y5804 | a breakdown of the marvel universe leading up to avengers: age of ultron. | Comic geek friends of mine are very excited about the upcoming new movie. I have a basic knowledge of each character and their personal world, but I never read the comics and am ignorant to how they are connected and the roles they play. Can anyone give me a cliff notes version? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2y5804/eli5_a_breakdown_of_the_marvel_universe_leading/ | {
"a_id": [
"cp6bx8y"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"They were once all separate heroes but they were eventually all recruited by S.H.I.E.L.D., a US government agency dedicated to detecting and neutralizing threats, both on earth and elsewhere.\n\nIt is a lot to go into so I agree with homeboi in s... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
an4bli | Is CBD oil effective at treating anxiety/depression? | I noticed CBD oil is available without prescription. The pamphlet has a disclaimer saying they can only call it a food supplement and not a medicine for treating/curing ailments. This suggests that they have no evidence of their claims and it is unregulated because it is harmless. It seems like it might be another home... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/an4bli/is_cbd_oil_effective_at_treating_anxietydepression/ | {
"a_id": [
"efr0tjs",
"efr4h8p",
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"score": [
8,
38,
2
],
"text": [
"It is not a homeopathy type cure because there is actual science to support it's use, although there has not been a lot of research into the area until fairly recently. A systematic review (including s... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4604171/"
],
[],
[
"https://www.drugabuse.gov/about-nida/legislative-activities/testimony-to-congress/2016/biology-potential-therapeutic-effects-cannabidiol",
"https://hemp2wellness.co.uk/"
]
] | |
65kcsz | How did hunting wild animals in Africa change after the introduction of firearms? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/65kcsz/how_did_hunting_wild_animals_in_africa_change/ | {
"a_id": [
"dgbmfvz"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Well, first I should note that there was quite a bit of variation. Firearms were being traded to the states of West Africa in the early 1600s, but in interior Central Africa they were still fairly rare and recent introductions in the 1830s. By t... | [] | [] | [
[
"charge.It"
]
] | ||
78zg82 | what is this warm feeling that starts from the top of my face and goes down towards my body. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/78zg82/eli5_what_is_this_warm_feeling_that_starts_from/ | {
"a_id": [
"doxw593"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Are you an alcoholic by any chance?"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
6f4fep | Why do some stars produce four lines that protrude from the star whenever a photograph is taken from them? | [Picture](_URL_0_) | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6f4fep/why_do_some_stars_produce_four_lines_that/ | {
"a_id": [
"diffb9t"
],
"score": [
18
],
"text": [
"This is actually because the telescope that images the star has a secondary mirror that is held in place with four support beams, and that causes an interference pattern that looks like what you're describing. [See here](_URL_0_)"
]
} | [] | [
"http://skycenter.arizona.edu/sites/skycenter.arizona.edu/files/n6888.jpg"
] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction_spike"
]
] | |
as2lsq | how is it possible that the world collective debt is bigger than world collective wealth? can't we just annul all of the debt that shouldn't be there and go on? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/as2lsq/eli5_how_is_it_possible_that_the_world_collective/ | {
"a_id": [
"egrb20f",
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"score": [
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"I think that debt IS wealth. If you got rid of the debt, it would remove all the wealth, because the wealth is made up of receivables. That’s one reason why you wouldn’t get a lot of support for this id... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1ayw89 | How long does it actually take to form a 'habit'? (Or, is there any truth to the '21 days to form a habit' axiom?) | Neuroscientists of ask science, this question is for you. I have always heard anecdotes of how it takes somewhere between 19-28 to "form" a repetitive habit. I was just wondering if there was any scientific basis behind those sayings, or if they were complete fabrications. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1ayw89/how_long_does_it_actually_take_to_form_a_habit_or/ | {
"a_id": [
"c924rdu",
"c927bgz",
"c93578l"
],
"score": [
21,
10,
2
],
"text": [
"Habit formation for eating, drinking, and exercise behaviors [has been shown to vary greatly](_URL_0_), taking anywhere from 18 to 254 days. Moreover, in this study, it tended to follow an asymptotic... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ejsp.674/abstract"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_ganglia",
"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v484/n7392/images_article/484042a-f1.2.jpg",
"http://c431376.r76.cf2.rackcdn.com/9748/fnsys-05-00066-HTML/image_m/fnsys-05-00066-g002.jpg"
]... | |
h7o7w | In medicine can 400mg vs. 600mg of some medicine actually mean they are stronger, not just quantity ? | Probably a stupid question - seems obvious.
The only reason I ask this is because where I'm from you can buy 400mg of a drug, but if you want to buy the 600mg version, you need a prescription. Obviously if instead of going to the doctor and getting a prescription you can just take more pills. Was just wondering if ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/h7o7w/in_medicine_can_400mg_vs_600mg_of_some_medicine/ | {
"a_id": [
"c1t7mjo",
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"The activity of the drug molecule is unchanged.\n\nI think the biggest concern is accidental overdose - doubling up on a 600 mg pill has a bigger impact than doubling up on a 400 mg pill.\n\nOn the flip side of things, I can... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
5ghll7 | how does an old hospital get sanitized before being turned into another kind of institution? | What equipment is used? How does the cleaning process look like?
I recently ate lunch at an institution that aims to help improve peoples' fitness. The building once served as a place for tuberculosis treatment. It has not been renovated heavily - most rooms, walls, etc. is the same - so how did they sanitize that pla... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5ghll7/eli5_how_does_an_old_hospital_get_sanitized/ | {
"a_id": [
"dasbkto",
"dasc6tr"
],
"score": [
9,
2
],
"text": [
"Would I be correct in understanding that you feel hospitals are DIRTIER than restaurants?\n\nThis seems to be a pretty strange thought, could you explain why you believe there needs to be extra steps taken other than the cle... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
rv67z | Is there ever a case where a noble gas does react
with something? | Apologies if this is absurd.
For example, could a helium nucleus (as a product of radiation) form an ionic bond with, say, oxygen? He^2+ combines O^2- to make HeO?
If not in nature, could we produce this in a laboratory? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/rv67z/is_there_ever_a_case_where_a_noble_gas_does_react/ | {
"a_id": [
"c48wyir",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Sure. It's more common for the ones with higher atomic number. The outer electrons are shielded by the inner ones, so they're more free to form bonds.\n\nWikipedia has its own article on [noble gas compounds](_URL_0_)",
... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas_compound"
],
[
"http://www.wolframalpha.com/entities/chemical_bonds/he-he_bond/s0/2b/bg/",
"http://www.aip.org/pnu/1993/split/pnu118-2.htm",
"http://www.wolframalpha.com/entities/chemical_bonds/hydrogen_h-h_bond/go/3e/wi/"
]
] | |
frdy0 | Why will two pendulum clocks mounted on a common wall synchronise? i.e. How does coupled oscillation work? | I'm reading a fairly unscientific book on the healing nature of sleep, and already I've spotted several inaccuracies and generalisations so I've been keeping a skeptical eye on all the claims within it. But the book mentioned the observations of Christian Huygens and how the pendulums of clocks placed close to each oth... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/frdy0/why_will_two_pendulum_clocks_mounted_on_a_common/ | {
"a_id": [
"c1i2b3f"
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"score": [
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],
"text": [
"The second pendulum will make the wall move slightly, this movement is transmitted to the first pendulum. It's broadly like [two pendulums joined by a spring](_URL_0_) (a coupled oscillator), but with the wall playing the role of an extremely sti... | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupled_oscillation#Coupled_oscillations"
] | [
[
"http://teacher.pas.rochester.edu/PHY235/Exams/Exams/FinalExam/FinalExam_files/image014.jpg"
]
] | |
88hvdq | Why wasn't Australia conquered and split by European powers as Africa was? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/88hvdq/why_wasnt_australia_conquered_and_split_by/ | {
"a_id": [
"dwkxpru"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"You may find this thread useful, particularly the response from /u/agentdcf:\n\n_URL_0_ "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2cbwho/if_the_dutch_discovered_australia_why_did_they/cje1bh7/"
]
] | ||
1vjxmo | why can't spinal discs be "re-hydrated" later in life? | I recently suffered a debilitating injury to my back where multiple discs were herniated and/or bulging. My lower discs in particular we affected. The specialist went on to tell me about how my upper spine had healthy, white "hydrated" discs while my lower spine had discs that were beginning to grey due to "old age" an... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1vjxmo/eli5_why_cant_spinal_discs_be_rehydrated_later_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"ceszs6u",
"ceu40e8"
],
"score": [
6,
2
],
"text": [
"If your doctor didn't explain why, get a new one. He/she obviously doesn't care",
"Yeah sure you'd have to expect an explanation for treatment. Sadly I csn offer no bearing of expertise on such a matter but it came acros... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2euv49 | how does this .jpg file move like a .gif but when downloaded shows up as a .jpeg | _URL_0_ | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2euv49/eli5_how_does_this_jpg_file_move_like_a_gif_but/ | {
"a_id": [
"ck35cja"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"It's lies.\n\nThe filetype isn't determined by the extension - not in this context anyway - it's determined by metadata in the file that says it's a gif.\n\nMy image reader on the desktop chokes trying to read it because it naively trusts file ex... | [] | [
"http://i.imgur.com/M95MCVT.jpg"
] | [
[]
] | |
17csvr | Can somebody build up a tolerance to electricity? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/17csvr/can_somebody_build_up_a_tolerance_to_electricity/ | {
"a_id": [
"c84b3ct"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"There is a difference between \"not being in pain from x\" and \"being immune to x.\"\n\nPain tolerance is one thing, but a taser works by using electricity to create physical convulsions. This is direct stimulation of the muscles we're talking a... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
381u8z | difference between nightmares and night terrors | Has something to do with REM sleep? I just can't understand that Wiki article. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/381u8z/eli5_difference_between_nightmares_and_night/ | {
"a_id": [
"crrnrp9",
"crrtmz8"
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"score": [
7,
2
],
"text": [
"The basics are that nightmares you wake up from and remember.\n\nNight Terrors you don't wake up, can call out / yell in your sleep, yet you won't remember that particular dream ( although you can remember the feeling the dr... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
4mv8ek | how do we know that gravity curves spacetime and is not a force? | As I understand it, electromagnetism is a force but gravity changes the shape of spacetime. How do physicists understand this difference? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4mv8ek/eli5how_do_we_know_that_gravity_curves_spacetime/ | {
"a_id": [
"d3ylbpj",
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"score": [
3,
2,
2
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"text": [
"The theory which describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime (Einstein's general theory of relativity) makes a lot of predictions. And many of those predictions [have been verified](_URL_0_), which ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tests_of_general_relativity"
],
[],
[]
] | |
1fb82n | How similar are modern day version of the Torah when compared to the oldest known versions? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1fb82n/how_similar_are_modern_day_version_of_the_torah/ | {
"a_id": [
"ca8n5by"
],
"score": [
26
],
"text": [
"Let me clarify a few terms: (1) by \"Torah\" I am going to assume you mean the entire Hebrew Bible/Old Testament rather than only the Pentateuch, (2) by \"versions\" I'm assuming you either mean \"manuscripts\" or a more esoteric scholarly conce... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.uni-due.de/~gev020/images/Gen%2001pic.jpg"
]
] | ||
6eizt0 | what do doctors do with the empty space after a half brain removing surgery | I can't spell the actual name of the surgery (hispherectomy?) but it's that surgery they give to epileptics where they cut out half your brain. What do they do with all that empty space in your head? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6eizt0/eli5_what_do_doctors_do_with_the_empty_space/ | {
"a_id": [
"dians7r"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"The procedure is called a hemispherectomy (hemi = half, sphere, ectomy = removal) and they don't do anything with the empty space. It ends up filling up with cerebrospinal fluid. It's not like they are going to put a prosthetic brain in there for... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
19wlxx | the different types of pencils 2b,b,whatever else there is | Follow up question-why in American movies(not from America) do in tests teachers tell you to get a specific pencil out | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/19wlxx/eli5_the_different_types_of_pencils_2bbwhatever/ | {
"a_id": [
"c8ryfyp"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"Pencil leads come in a variety of hardnesses, obtained by altering the ratio of clay to graphite in the pencil. More clay makes the lead harder, but also means it makes a lighter mark. They are often used for engineering drawings because they pro... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/PencilGradingChart.png"
]
] | |
1qbk8m | LCD screens and Duck Hunt | The old Nintendo Zapper light gun does not work with new LCD screen, only the old CRTs. Why is this? Also would some kind of screen (like the silicone kind you put on a touch screen phone) make the game "visible" to the Zapper again? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1qbk8m/lcd_screens_and_duck_hunt/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdba9mo"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"As you already know, light guns need a CRT to work. Using a silicon (or any other covering) sadly wouldn't help at all.\n\nWhen a CRT screen draws the image, it draws each pixel at a time - usually starting at the top, working left to right and t... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_gun#Cathode_ray_timing"
]
] | |
3nkwok | How do you tell how long has a person been dead? | I'm wondering in all these court scenes, people can always say at what time did a person die. Can someone please explain to me some of the ways they do that? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3nkwok/how_do_you_tell_how_long_has_a_person_been_dead/ | {
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3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"One way is by measuring body temperature. Given someone's weight and the temperature of their surroundings and their current temperature one can extrapolate h... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_examiner",
"http://dying.about.com/od/thedyingprocess/a/My_Body_Postmortem.htm"
],
[],
[]
] | |
2fhvw8 | What's the difference between Deep Blue's algorithm and Monte Carlo Tree Search? | From what I understand, Deep Blue plays chess by simulating a move, then simulating its opponent's every possible move in response, then simulating every possible of its own moves in response to all of those simulated counter-moves, and so on for several layers. It then selects the best move according to which would ha... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2fhvw8/whats_the_difference_between_deep_blues_algorithm/ | {
"a_id": [
"ck9g19d"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"The difference is in how they decide which move to take. \n\nDeep Blue has a function to tell how good the board is for him. He uses this function to decide which move to take.\n\nOn the other hand, for some games no well working function to rat... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
8dc2tx | given the fragmented instant messaging market and the failure to create a standard protocol, why aren't there email clients that make using email more like instant messaging? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8dc2tx/eli5given_the_fragmented_instant_messaging_market/ | {
"a_id": [
"dxm2jbc"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Huh? \n\nEmail essentially already is instant messaging, if the user utilizes it in that way. You can get notifications that pop up on your computer that tell you that you just got an email, and it's essentially instance. Your phone can tell you... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3y3if0 | Zebras in the middle east? | I'm curious about zebras. Horses originated in the American Continent, and zebras seem like they're of the same family, so I began wondering, where have zebras historically lived? Have they always been endemic to Africa (I'm going by the presumption that they're indigenous to Africa)?
Also, have they ever been known ... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3y3if0/zebras_in_the_middle_east/ | {
"a_id": [
"cyadja5",
"cyag9w6",
"cyg2pau"
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"score": [
2,
4,
2
],
"text": [
"[Horses actually originated in the Balkan region, with the oldest fossils found in present day Ukraine.](_URL_1_) Regardless, the common ancestor was likely found on the Supercontinent of [Pangea](_URL_... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2013/09/13/pangea_politik_archive.jpg",
"http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/mystery-of-the-domestication-of-the-horse-solved"
],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_onager",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_zebra",
"https://en.wikipedia.or... | |
14vppq | Is it better for a computer to never turn it off, or to turn it off regularly? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/14vppq/is_it_better_for_a_computer_to_never_turn_it_off/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7guz0b",
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"score": [
98,
622,
37,
12,
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://nepp.nasa.gov/whisker/background/index.htm",
"http://www.sc.edu/news/newsarticle.php?nid=5371"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://folding.stanford.edu/English/HomePage"
],
[]
] | ||
5wt455 | why are saltwater aquariums so hard to maintain, but the fish can live in the ocean with a lot more variables? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5wt455/eli5_why_are_saltwater_aquariums_so_hard_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"decsird",
"decsktd",
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"score": [
2,
6,
10
],
"text": [
"The oceans are very large. The food or waste from a fish is a super tiny fraction. In only 100 gallons of water, it can build up and cause problems.",
"Because fish have evolved to live in the co... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://imgur.com/a/tLSeU",
"https://lumiere-a.akamaihd.net/v1/images/dory_characters_0afa6e45.jpeg?region=0,0,1200,778",
"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-38127320",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Nitrogen_Cycle.jpg",
"https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/sto... | ||
873t09 | what is an elementary function? | What makes a function an elementary function, and what are the names of functions that aren't elementary? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/873t09/eli5_what_is_an_elementary_function/ | {
"a_id": [
"dw9yttf",
"dw9zedm"
],
"score": [
8,
2
],
"text": [
"The elementary functions are a set of well known functions such as powers of x, roots of x, exponentials, trigonometric functions and their inverses, and most importantly any combinations of them, for example e^sinx + x^(2).... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
5jvdb4 | if temperature affects air pressure, would the temperature on a planet with a thinner atmosphere feel different than the same temperature on a planet with a thicker atmosphere? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5jvdb4/eli5if_temperature_affects_air_pressure_would_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"dbjaazk"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"How temperature feels is subjective because it is a feeling. Factors such as humidity may impact how temperature feels but humidity is related to much more than how thick the atmosphere is and its quite localized. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
5twwla | where does water pressure come from? | In municipal water supply, such as my faucets at my home, where does the water pressure originate. Or, what creates the pressure to allow it to flow to our homes? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5twwla/eli5_where_does_water_pressure_come_from/ | {
"a_id": [
"ddpmot3",
"ddpmy7y",
"ddpo8e3"
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"score": [
2,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"In short, pumping stations and water towers.\n\nWater is pumped from it's source, which could be a well, river, lake, etc. It's usually then treated/cleaned, then pumped up to a water tower. Gravity ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
6ovlzj | why does an emergency door have a grill / bars inside its window? | I'm almost certain that every emergency door have a window and a grill in it. Why does it have those? It doesn't mean like the grill will make the door stronger, right?
Pictures: _URL_0_ | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6ovlzj/eli5_why_does_an_emergency_door_have_a_grill_bars/ | {
"a_id": [
"dkkjbh4",
"dkkl7el",
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"score": [
4,
3,
2
],
"text": [
" > I'm almost certain that every emergency door have a window and a grill in it.\n\nMany do not, but it is a common feature in such doors to allow some vision of what is past them. You can avoid walkin... | [] | [
"https://imgur.com/a/Ecw1I"
] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
xbu86 | - the recent hate on nbc | I understand that NBC is hosting the olympics, and I've been watching it pretty regularly but haven't noticed anything god awful. Why is everyone so mad at them? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/xbu86/eli5_the_recent_hate_on_nbc/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5kz8bo",
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],
"score": [
12,
42,
8,
29,
3,
12,
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Only speaking from personal experience, but I'm not happy with the lack of online viewin... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
9irq21 | Why can't people with O-Negative blood donate platelets? | The Red Cross' website says that almost every blood type (with exception of B-Negative and 0-Negative) can donate platelets. But they don't explain why.
Why can't (or shouldn't?) these two blood types donate platelets? Is it just that the whole blood donation is "more useful" to hospitals? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9irq21/why_cant_people_with_onegative_blood_donate/ | {
"a_id": [
"e6m9p7q"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"O- is in short supply due to the demand as universal donor.\n\nB- is just an insanely rare blood type, less than 1% in caucasians if I remember right. Important because the only 2 types this type can receive (without risking sensitization to D) i... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
xx7gn | If you can't hear thunder (but can see distant bolts of lightning) are you still in danger? | I've heard that if you hear thunder, you should stay inside to avoid being struck by lightning.
But is it still possible to be hit if you can't hear thunder?
Tonight I was about to go on a walk around the block with my family and my dog, and as soon as we saw lightning in the distance my family insisted we turn aroun... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/xx7gn/if_you_cant_hear_thunder_but_can_see_distant/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5qd8r6",
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"score": [
6,
4,
2
],
"text": [
"The odds of getting hit by lightning are pretty low no matter the conditions, but if you're super scared of things, it is very remotely possible to be struck by a [bolt from the blue](_URL_0_) 15 or 20 ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov/bolt_blue.htm"
],
[
"http://www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov/overview.htm",
"http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/heat-lightning-a-myth/35089",
"http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/primer/lightning/ltg_basics.html"
],
[]
] | |
3t10pn | Why did some areas of Africa quickly convert to Islam, some convert slowly to Christianity, and others keep worshipping tribal gods? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3t10pn/why_did_some_areas_of_africa_quickly_convert_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"cx26o9m",
"cx2bch5"
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"score": [
27,
5
],
"text": [
"The answer is that they didn't convert all that quickly at all. Those areas that did convert to Islam did so quite gradually. Much of Northern Africa, as former Roman provinces, were Christian during the Arab conquests, but... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2l7t57 | what happens to the human body when it experiences spontaneous decompression? does it just pop? | What exactly happens to the human body when it experiences spontaneous decompression?
Like in movies or sci-fi shows, a door leading into he vacuum of space is breached and everyone and everything in the room will get sucked out, except for the hero who grabs on to something for the ride and somehow holds their breat... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2l7t57/eli5_what_happens_to_the_human_body_when_it/ | {
"a_id": [
"clsbh4m"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"\"Coward, Lucas and Bergersen were exposed to the effects of explosive decompression and died in the positions indicated by the diagram. Subsequent investigation by forensic pathologists determined Hellevik, being exposed to the highest pressure ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byford_Dolphin"
]
] | |
lhw81 | Why can't I cleanly wipe the condensation off my bathroom mirror after a shower? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/lhw81/why_cant_i_cleanly_wipe_the_condensation_off_my/ | {
"a_id": [
"c2sving",
"c2sving"
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"score": [
11,
11
],
"text": [
"Condensation is caused by the relatively cool surface of the mirror pulling moisture out of the air. The water vapor in the air essentially loses energy, that is, cools off and phase changes into water, when it encounters... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
bi1cxp | During timeperiods with more oxygen in the atmosphere, did fires burn faster/hotter? | Couldnt find it on google | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/bi1cxp/during_timeperiods_with_more_oxygen_in_the/ | {
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"score": [
3563,
175,
174,
16,
95
],
"text": [
"Yes. And during periods with lower oxygen levels, fires burned more slowly or not at all. Some natural fuels will burn at high oxygen concentration... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3012516/",
"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9ead/pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjUtOaI7vDhAhVQcq0KHTalCjAQFjADegQIAhAB&usg=AOvVaw3QXcy76BSRYJO06lp9ikW0&cshid=1556388642646"
]... | |
9cyq38 | How accurate is the information that Leif Erickson actually discovered North America? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9cyq38/how_accurate_is_the_information_that_leif/ | {
"a_id": [
"e5e5flu"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Hi, not discouraging others from answering here, but you may be interested in a few earlier posts\n\n* /u/400-Rabbits in [Did Vikings ever make contact with North America before Christopher Columbus?](_URL_2_)\n\n* /u/textandtrowel in [What do we... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/nl/meadows",
"http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/4",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/82685w/did_vikings_ever_make_contact_with_north_america/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3julq1/what_do_we_know_about_vinland/",
"https://www.red... | ||
uih0q | why fat forms where it does | I've always wondered what it is about the body that dictates where a person's fat will form. You know how you can have two people who are slightly overweight, and with one person their face doesn't have a whole lot of fat on it, but with another their face does have fat on it?
Or how with some people all their fat goes... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/uih0q/eli5_why_fat_forms_where_it_does/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4vom2v"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I'm sorry if the answer is incorrect but my lecturer told me that it has to do with gender. \n\nMale: The stomach.\n\nFemale: Buttocks."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3rwuzk | When (and why) did capital punishment start being carried out by lethal injection? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3rwuzk/when_and_why_did_capital_punishment_start_being/ | {
"a_id": [
"cwt15hr"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"The history of lethal injection is an interesting and *horrible* one. Lethal injection was first suggested as a procedure in 1888, by an American doctor, incidentally a year after the abolition of capital punishment in Maine. In some ways, lethal... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
smm23 | What are the differences in the metabolisms of someone who can't get fat and someone who gains weight easily? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/smm23/what_are_the_differences_in_the_metabolisms_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4f8g73",
"c4f8ulx",
"c4f9dy1",
"c4f9f6r",
"c4fa0ja",
"c4fbdrc"
],
"score": [
49,
9,
3,
23,
2,
5
],
"text": [
"While this doesn't quite answer your question, perhaps it will give you some information that is part of the answer. \n\nHuman microbi... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2677729/"
],
[],
[
"http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/2004/04/16/leptin.jpg",
"http://www.rockefeller.edu/research/faculty/labheads/JeffreyFriedman/"
],
[
"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199005243222101"
],
[],
[
"h... | ||
7pvdew | how does a build up of lactic acid in an athlete's muscles cause them to sometimes thow up | I'm an athlete and I train for the 400m. During the 400m you get an insane amount of lactic acid in your muscles and sometimes this can cause you to throw up. Why does this happen? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7pvdew/eli5_how_does_a_build_up_of_lactic_acid_in_an/ | {
"a_id": [
"dskcgue"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"Throwing up is one of a few things the body just defaults to when it senses something is geberally wrong. Better safe than sorry, maybe it's something you ate, let's throw up just to be sure. Makes sense from an evolutionary stand point.\n\nAlso,... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
9rroux | is paying off a mortgage like paying rent? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9rroux/eli5_is_paying_off_a_mortgage_like_paying_rent/ | {
"a_id": [
"e8j7hi7",
"e8j85fj"
],
"score": [
12,
3
],
"text": [
"...Sort of? It is a regular bill which needs to be paid so it seems similar. However a major difference is that the money paid into the mortgage isn't really gone in the same way as rent. You are gaining equity or ownership... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
3bwkhy | why are veterans held in such high regard in america and why do some veterans walk around in uniform when not on duty? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3bwkhy/eli5_why_are_veterans_held_in_such_high_regard_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"csq6feh"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Because they fought for our country. They risked their lives for us. I think they deserve a little damn respect."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1fn87e | How did kingdoms with two simultaneous kings come about and how did it work? | Are there any other instances aside from Sparta? And a tangential question, why is Sparta called a city-state if it should more accurately be called a city-kingdom? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1fn87e/how_did_kingdoms_with_two_simultaneous_kings_come/ | {
"a_id": [
"cabwga6",
"cabx1xc",
"caby61m",
"cabye7s"
],
"score": [
7,
7,
3,
3
],
"text": [
"On your tangent: \"state\" is just a generic (and somewhat ill-defined) word for a sovereign political entity, it doesn't imply anything about the form of government. Kingdoms are ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%A9age_of_Andorra_1278",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarchy"
],
[],
[]
] | |
ysmzi | Could a planet theoretically exist which is much larger than earth but made of less dense materials and therefore still have earth gravity? | For simplicity's sake let's ignore how likely it is that such a planet would form, and just think about if it could exist.
To be a little more specific, this imaginary planet:
- Is rocky, not a gas giant
- Is significantly larger than earth, maybe 2x or 3x surface area, but
- is composed of lighter material, perhaps i... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ysmzi/could_a_planet_theoretically_exist_which_is_much/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5yilne",
"c5yima1",
"c5yipij",
"c5ykjuo",
"c5yncd1"
],
"score": [
3,
5,
28,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Here is an easy way to estimate this sort of stuff without having to use calculator or even pen and paper:\n\nThe surface gravity is proportional to mass and... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_core",
"http://www.orau.gov/ssaa2012/presentations/Wednesday%20AM_PM%20HEDLP%20&%20NLUF/Duffy.pdf",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RadialDensityPREM.jpg"
],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
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