q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
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values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
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7brri3 | were there any French troops in Normandy invasion? | I was wondering if there were any French troops that landed during the Normandy invasion and if not why not seeing as it was to liberate their country | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7brri3/were_there_any_french_troops_in_normandy_invasion/ | {
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"Always room for more, but as a starting point there's [a thread from a couple of years back] (_URL_0_) where /u/k1990 covers ground units and I chip in a bit about the naval and air forces."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2po4d1/what_was_the_french_contribution_to_dday/"
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62kt68 | how do darknet dealers get drugs like cocaine and heroin in the first place? | Like where does the drug come from in the first place? How'd they make it and stuff? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/62kt68/eli5_how_do_darknet_dealers_get_drugs_like/ | {
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"You just find a supplier and buy it with bitcoin, its actually real easy, took maybe half an hour to set up and m... | [] | [] | [
[],
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ec1b5e | whats the difference between sorting by best and sorting by top? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ec1b5e/eli5_whats_the_difference_between_sorting_by_best/ | {
"a_id": [
"fb8irzd"
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"text": [
"Top: Highest score (Upvotes - Downvotes = Score)\n\nBest: [This is more complicated](_URL_0_). It takes all the current votes on a post as a sample and gives it a score that it is 95% confident it will end up with, given infinite time.\n\nEssenti... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://redditblog.com/2009/10/15/reddits-new-comment-sorting-system/"
]
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10ynow | How do eyestalks (such as on slugs) work? How do they retract and extend? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/10ynow/how_do_eyestalks_such_as_on_slugs_work_how_do/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6hr6w9"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"They inflate them with their haemolymph (or bodily fluid), and they have a retractor muscle, that when contracted, withdraws the tentacle."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
uh8rr | How do we know the difference between good and bad? | I ask this question because I was listening to "Friday" by Rebecca Black. A thought popped into my head, how do we know the difference between good and bad songs, singing, and people? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/uh8rr/how_do_we_know_the_difference_between_good_and_bad/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4vcyyf",
"c4vekfe"
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"score": [
3,
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"text": [
"Its usually based on the frame of reference and other people. People are conditioned to think something is good or bad based on what they were taught as children. Therefore some people who grew up with parents who enjoy AC/D... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1jwtm3 | Did the Rosenbergs committ espionage or was it an unfair trial during a period of fear? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1jwtm3/did_the_rosenbergs_committ_espionage_or_was_it_an/ | {
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"I would say yes to both of your questions.\n\nMorton Sobell(tried/convicted with the Rosenbergs) admitted to spying in 2008 after ma... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.coldwar.org/articles/50s/TheRosenbergTrial.asp",
"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/12/nyregion/12spy.html?_r=0&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=all",
"http://jandersonthomson.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Oswald.pdf"
],
[
"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/venona/intercepts.... | ||
1pbo34 | I have to complete a research essay on African history before 1800 and need a good essay topic. Any ideas? | Second year history course. Paper length is 12-15 pages. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1pbo34/i_have_to_complete_a_research_essay_on_african/ | {
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"text": [
"That's pretty broad. What are you interested in?",
"What aspects of history are you interested in? Economic history? Religious history? Urbanization? State-building? The interaction between culturese (Europeans or Arab w... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
38bif8 | Can someone give me a quick overview of how the Caliphates transitioned into one another? | EDIT: Alright, I'm asking because I'm just curious on Middle Eastern history. I'm wondering if each of the Caliphates were like different dynasties with families, or were they different ethnic groups, things like that. How did one Caliphate surpass another? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/38bif8/can_someone_give_me_a_quick_overview_of_how_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"crtxkzm",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Is this a homework question? If not, could you please provide a little bit more information about what you're looking for?",
"A short (believe me, I tried to be as concise as possible) answer to a very broad question is:... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
46f9oq | can we really clean pesticide off fruit by just rinsing them off? wouldn't that mean rain would rinse it off all the time? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/46f9oq/eli5can_we_really_clean_pesticide_off_fruit_by/ | {
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"d04lty2",
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... | [] | [] | [
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zsoq8 | What kind of atoms are present in a vacuum? | In interstellar space, there is about one atom per cubic meter... what kinds of atoms are they? Is this a stupid question? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/zsoq8/what_kind_of_atoms_are_present_in_a_vacuum/ | {
"a_id": [
"c67dixr",
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"score": [
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2
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"text": [
"_URL_0_\n\n > Of the gas in the ISM, 89% of atoms are hydrogen and 9% are helium, with 2% of atoms being elements heavier than hydrogen or helium, which are called \"metals\" in astronomical parlance",
"Not a stupid que... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium"
],
[]
] | |
bg3rzi | how does illiteracy work? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bg3rzi/eli5_how_does_illiteracy_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"eli361x",
"eli4if8"
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"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Can you elaborate on what you mean? Because illiteracy is the natural state of humans.",
"If you’re asking WHY people are illiterate, there are a ton of different reasons. For the older generations, it wasn’t as frowned ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
3c30ut | What actually happens when a computer, server, or phone crashes? | im new to the sub, and this is what intrigues me. Computer science is allowed, right? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3c30ut/what_actually_happens_when_a_computer_server_or/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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7
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"text": [
"This is an extremely broad question. It depends on what the device is, what it's purpose is, and what the problem is. There are so many possibilities it is quite difficult to list them all. Here are some examples though:\n... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_embedded_computer_systems_on_board_the_Mars_rovers",
"http://www.cnet.com/news/slow-but-rugged-curiositys-computer-was-built-for-mars/",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_hardening",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system",
"https://e... | |
20hqb8 | Finding the potential power a city may produce if it had installed solar PV panels in a certain capacity? | There are several calculators online that will readily do this, but I need to produce hourly results over an entire year. If I have data such as hourly solar radiation on a horizontal surface in Watt-Hours per Square Meter, what else do I need to find out how much power a particular location could have generated becaus... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/20hqb8/finding_the_potential_power_a_city_may_produce_if/ | {
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"text": [
"%solar PV efficiency (eg. 18-22% is typical for consumer installations). You can multiply irradiance by this number to get the amount of energy produced and multiply this by surface area of solar PV to get the total energy consumption per hour.\n... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3i8vgu | how do the genetics of three-parent children work? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3i8vgu/eli5_how_do_the_genetics_of_threeparent_children/ | {
"a_id": [
"cueb2jt"
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"text": [
"We usually just think of our DNA as just being stored in the nucleus, but that's not the case. The vast majority is there, but some organelles also have their own, unique DNA. That's actually the basis of one of the theories on how we came to dev... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
633gj6 | what computer language is artificial intelligence written in and is it enough? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/633gj6/eli5_what_computer_language_is_artificial/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"One computer language is equivalent to another in terms of what they *can* do, but AI has historically been associated with Lisp, Prolog, Java, C, and Python. There's no reason you can't do it in whatever language you want, of course. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2caliu | Race & Slavery in Brazil | I was wondering if anyone could direct me to some good sources for understanding the history of slavery in Brazil and the history of Brazilian racial dynamics. I'm interested in comparing those topics to their counterparts in the United States, and I'm looking for sources that give a good overview of the topics.
Wash... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2caliu/race_slavery_in_brazil/ | {
"a_id": [
"cjdnsrt"
],
"score": [
2
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"text": [
"I would recommend Chica da Silva: A Brazilian Slave of the Eighteenth Century by Júnia Ferreira Furtado as a good place to start along with Inhuman Bondage by David Brion Davis (He devotes a chapter specifically to Brazil). \n\nI think a film tha... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
288hcc | how can businesses like airbrush booths use licensed icons, logos, or characters legally? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/288hcc/eli5_how_can_businesses_like_airbrush_booths_use/ | {
"a_id": [
"ci8hp89"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"They don't. \n\nFor instance all that Calvin and Hobb's stuff, everything made is stolen, no merch has ever been liscenced."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1n2m4h | what is at stake in the us senate filibuster by ted cruz that has been going on all evening? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1n2m4h/eli5_what_is_at_stake_in_the_us_senate_filibuster/ | {
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112,
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45,
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2,
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2,
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2,
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2... | [] | [] | [
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"http://tpr.org/post/how-texas-could-make-or-break-affordable-care-act",
"http://money.cnn.com/2013/07/01/news/economy/medicaid-expansion-states/i... | ||
173tu2 | If the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate, where exactly does that expansion happen? At the space between the atoms in my body, or somewhere else? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/173tu2/if_the_universe_is_expanding_at_an_accelerating/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"So we have two types of movement here. One is movement through space and the other is a stretching of the fabric of space itself. The common analogy is an ant on a rubber band. The ant walking on the band is traveling through space but stretch... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2msi1v | Why when welding metals are alloys other than the parent material used? | It's my understanding that a good weld material when joining metals would have properties similar to that of the parent metal.
If that's the case, why isn't the parent metal used to weld to itself? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2msi1v/why_when_welding_metals_are_alloys_other_than_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cm7f3dl",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"You're confusing welding and brazing/soldering. With brazing or soldering a different material is used to join parts composed of another material. For example, you might use a tin based solder to make a physical and electric... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1ttadn | What psychological differences are there between adults and young adults? | I don't want to rely on stereotypes. Obviously some differences exist but separating the real from the imagined could be difficult so it seems safest to use actual studies. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1ttadn/what_psychological_differences_are_there_between/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"The same question came up recently on a podcast I download, when discussing frontal lobe brain damage and development.The quick answer I found is from [here](_URL_0_). \n\n\"...the nerve cells that connect teenagers' frontal... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=124119468"
],
[]
] | |
2x45ah | Homework in American Schools? | Can anyone point me to an online source outlining homework in American schools, from the advent of them in the 1600s to today? That would be awesome. Thanks! | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2x45ah/homework_in_american_schools/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Well firstly I can point you in the direction for homework from the 19th Century.\n\n_URL_0_\n\nThe library of the uni of Pittsburg has digitised it's collection. This is a collection of schoolbooks from that period, it would include any homework... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/text-idx?;c=nietz;tpl=browse.tpl"
]
] | |
7re6mp | what is a "flathead v8"? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7re6mp/eli5_what_is_a_flathead_v8/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Flathead engines are ones where the valves are placed in the engine block, alongside the pistons. Compare to overhead valve engines, where it's up top.\n\nV8 means it has 8 pistons arranged in two sets of four, which meet at an acute angle, mak... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3m6zmf | short selling | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3m6zmf/eli5_short_selling/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Suppose I want to make a bit of money and you lend me your car to do so. I could sell the car to somebody for $120,000 (Nice car!) and in a few months buy it back from them. Since they have been using the car for a while it has done more kilomete... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
8jf0gq | options and "buy to open," "buy to close," "sell to open," "sell to close." | I've watched several videos and had several people explain this to me and for some reason it is still really hard for me to grasp. Can someone explain to me what options are, what these four terms means, and how they all relate to each other? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8jf0gq/eli5_options_and_buy_to_open_buy_to_close_sell_to/ | {
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"text": [
"Options are a deal between two people, where one person pays the other for the opportunity to take an action later. Because they're a deal, we could create a brand new option from nothing (our agreement creates it) or we can trade our position i... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
75e2mr | why dont they make a usb connected laptop charger? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/75e2mr/eli5_why_dont_they_make_a_usb_connected_laptop/ | {
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"text": [
"In the USB 1.0 and 2.0 specs, a standard downstream port is capable of delivering up to 500mA (0.5A); with USB 3.0, it moves up to 900mA (0.9A). The charging downstream and dedicat... | [] | [] | [
[],
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4chqvv | is it true that vaping marijuana with vaporizers such as the volcano make weed completely safe for the lungs? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4chqvv/eli5_is_it_true_that_vaping_marijuana_with/ | {
"a_id": [
"d1i9ymf",
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"score": [
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7
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"text": [
"There is an insufficient amount of clinical data to answer this question with any level of confidence; vaping is a relatively new technology, and the negative effects of smoking are most prominent decades after first use. \... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
7rlx3o | is the concept of light speed defined by light itself, or does light just want to go infinitely fast but physics puts a cap on it? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7rlx3o/eli5_is_the_concept_of_light_speed_defined_by/ | {
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3
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"text": [
"Light is fast, way faster than most people can even imagine, but thankfully our measurements are very precise as well, so we are able to measure it very accurately (First done by Fizeau and Focault in 1... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov_radiation"
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3a3rkn | why don't networks like espn put their field reporters on a split second tape delay to remove the awkward pauses between a question and answer? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3a3rkn/eli5_why_dont_networks_like_espn_put_their_field/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Because, if they did, there would be the same awkward pause between the field reporter's response and the next question.\n\nThe only way around it is to edit the pauses out before putting the segment to air. But you can't do that live."
]
} | [] | [] | [
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1xuqyg | Did people during the 1700s ever try to imagine life in the year 1800s? | You know how people in the 1950s try to imagine life in 2000. Was there anyone back then who ever thought in 1700 what 1800 or 1900 would look like? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1xuqyg/did_people_during_the_1700s_ever_try_to_imagine/ | {
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"text": [
"Hi there! Sorry it took me a few days to answer you. I needed to dig up a bunch of old notes to refresh my memory.\n\nSo yes, 18th century social theorists had a strong sense of futurism. In a broad sense an intellectual concern with the future h... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giambattista_Vico",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Sebastien_Mercier",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlightened_absolutism",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet",
"http://www.amazon.com/The-Utopia-Reader-Gregory-Claeys/dp/0814715710/ref=sr_1_1... | |
138e50 | Is this company, StemCell100, a scam? Is there any evidence that this product does what it says it does? What exactly makes it a scam or not? | _URL_0_
It would be cool if this was legitimate, but I have serious doubts. Considering it's not that popular at all. At least from what I have seen. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/138e50/is_this_company_stemcell100_a_scam_is_there_any/ | {
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"text": [
"* Seems to fix a large variety of symptoms, basically general aging symptoms and I don't look/feel great\n* Not FDA reviewed\n* Throws out a lot of scientific words and goes into long winded explanation... | [] | [
"http://www.stemcell100.com/"
] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
2iy5t7 | How does the water-vapour runaway greenhouse effect work? | Hello Science!
I'm trying to understand how the water-vapour runaway greenhouse effect works.
If the planet had no atmosphere then the total light energy from the sun (S) would balance the black body radiation from the earth. Now by [Stefan-Boltzmann law](_URL_0_) this is proportional to the 4th power of temperature... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2iy5t7/how_does_the_watervapour_runaway_greenhouse/ | {
"a_id": [
"cl6w3so"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"So the C in your...\n\nS = C*T^4\n\n...takes the role of emissivity. It's fine for zeroth-order back-of-the-envelope calculations, but really doesn't work too well for getting good numerical answers when examining the greenhouse effect.\n\nThere ... | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%E2%80%93Boltzmann_law",
"http://geographyslc.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/greenhouse-effect.jpg"
] | [
[
"http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.3337"
]
] | |
d90v9v | How did Spain transition from fascist dictatorship to its current democratic, constitutional monarchy? Is it true that Franco bequeathed the country to King Juan-Carlos and it was he that instituted democracy? | I have heard the above narrative from local people while traveling in Galicia, Spain. From that telling, it sounds like Juan-Carlos I defied expectations and imposed democracy from the top down. Did he really have the option to assume Franco-style dictatorial powers, or was he bending to some popular demand for change? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/d90v9v/how_did_spain_transition_from_fascist/ | {
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"score": [
163,
34
],
"text": [
"Modern Spanish history is one of the most interesting topics I have found. Anyway, onto an answer:\n\nFranco approved a law of succession in 1947, saying that Spain was kingdom and would remain a kingdom. Of course, Spain... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1qp2p0 | Will oil and water mix in a vacuum? | In a normal space,oil and water don't mix,so would they in a vacuum?? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1qp2p0/will_oil_and_water_mix_in_a_vacuum/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdf1gxn",
"cdfcaoi"
],
"score": [
17,
2
],
"text": [
"Their aversion to forming a miscible solution is due to differences in intermolecular forces and the entropy of the molecules at the interface, not gravity.",
"Gases always mix; liquids sometimes mix. In liquids, interm... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
239g0n | Did 'No-go' areas that were controlled by the IRA in Northern Ireland show any fluctuations in crime levels? | We're doing the troubles in Northern Ireland in school at the moment and it mentions areas like 'Free Derry' where the RUC and army wouldn't enter and the IRA controlled them. Was there an increase or decrease in crime and how was the IRA's way of dealing with crime perceived by the people who lived in these areas? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/239g0n/did_nogo_areas_that_were_controlled_by_the_ira_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"cgv177y"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"Why were there free areas where the RUC and British Army wouldn't enter?"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
8ga2in | why is the war on drugs inherently flawed but a war on guns wouldn't be? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8ga2in/eli5_why_is_the_war_on_drugs_inherently_flawed/ | {
"a_id": [
"dy9yzas"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"That's an awfully broad question. There are a variety of tactics and solutions that can take place under either umbrella term, which can be good or bad. Beyond that, the abuse patterns in either are certainly not the same. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
458cdy | how are non latin alphabet characters typed on a phone? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/458cdy/eli5_how_are_non_latin_alphabet_characters_typed/ | {
"a_id": [
"czvwiwi",
"czvwj2y"
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"score": [
3,
2
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"text": [
"What kind of keyboard are you talking about? Just like QWERTY keyboard, there are keyboard for plenty of non-Latin alphabets, as shown here: _URL_0_\n\nEvery keyboard software supports installing various keyboard layouts.\n\... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_layout",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/search?q=chinese+keyboard&restrict_sr=on&sort=relevance&t=all"
],
[]
] | ||
51v9ug | why is the fine art trade a medium for money laundering? | It seems an illiquid asset and very subjective in value.
Billions of dollars worth of funds were embezzled from a Malaysian government fund in what's being called the "1MDB" scandal. The WSJ reported that money was diverted into real estate, and also the purchasing of a Van Gogh piece. Fine art purchases with ill-got... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/51v9ug/eli5_why_is_the_fine_art_trade_a_medium_for_money/ | {
"a_id": [
"d7f6x8o",
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"score": [
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7
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"text": [
"It's not just fine art - almost anything with intrinsic, lasting value is fair game for the criminals. Basically it's very difficult to give somebody a large sum of money without questions being asked but 'gifting' somebody ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1t67jj | how the us stock market is not currently experiencing a bubble/overbought? | Given the state of the US economy - 7.3% unemployment with the real unemployment rate (U-6) closer to 13%, GDP growth sluggish at 2%, - how come the US stock market is hitting new heights? My understanding is that this can't reflect the real economy and must be a bubble waiting to pop. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1t67jj/eli5_how_the_us_stock_market_is_not_currently/ | {
"a_id": [
"ce4pyyq"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"_URL_0_\n\nThe answer remains mostly the same - the economy, while a factor in the stock market, is not so large a factor that it defines how the stock market will perform. Plus things like unemployment and GDP growth are not the only pieces of t... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/search?q=stock+market+high&restrict_sr=on&sort=relevance&t=all"
]
] | |
9bt0rm | how do people die from too much plastic surgery? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9bt0rm/eli5_how_do_people_die_from_too_much_plastic/ | {
"a_id": [
"e55giiv",
"e55gqtk"
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"score": [
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3
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"text": [
"There's risks involved with any surgery, especially when anesthesia is involved. Things can go wrong - the person's heart stops, doctor makes a mistake, person gets an infection, etc. The odds of this for cosmetic surgery ar... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
5kd874 | us drug adverts seem to mostly contain a voice over of the negative side effects so what is the point in having them? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5kd874/eli5us_drug_adverts_seem_to_mostly_contain_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"dbn37vg"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Interest-only, in many countries, search advertisements are illegal. Most other developed Nations don't allow drug companies to directly Market their concoctions to Consumers. Part of it is because of the things you've noticed, which is that most... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1vwvqu | There's a common condition colloquially known as "hypoglycemia," which doesn't actually meet the medical definition of hypoglycemia. What is it really? | There are lots of people who suffer a very specific set of symptoms after a given interval of time from the last meal. Typically: irritability, extreme fatigue, shakiness, dizziness, inability to concentrate, loss of muscle strength, etc. Most people who have this problem describe it as "hypoglycemia." But true hypogly... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1vwvqu/theres_a_common_condition_colloquially_known_as/ | {
"a_id": [
"cewufx6"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"There is in fact a name for this: [idiopathic postprandial syndrome](_URL_0_. The syndrome was first described in the 1980s to distinguish between patients with true hypoglycaemia and those suffering only the symptoms you describe. The word \"idi... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglycemia_(common_usage)"
]
] | |
8pecp2 | energy changes and transforms, but doesn't disappear. | I understand what that means, but I've been thinking about it.
Imagine I'm sawing a log. The energy I got through food transfers to the hand saw, which in turn saws the log. I'm OK thus far, but what happens with that energy after that? Theoretically there's a finite amount of energy in the universe, so where does tha... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8pecp2/eli5_energy_changes_and_transforms_but_doesnt/ | {
"a_id": [
"e0akdn8",
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"score": [
7,
3
],
"text": [
"The saw and the log both heat up, so the chemically energy from your body is turned into thermal energy in the log and saw. Also, the sawing makes a sound, so some energy is lost to sound. \n\nEdit:\nI also want to talk abou... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
92vqgw | At the beginning of the 20th century, before refrigerators were commonplace houshold appliances, how did people conserve their food? Did they still use lots of salt and store it in the basement or was there some sort of interrim period where an alternative solution was found? | This question may seem a little random but I'm currently stuck at a hotel with no kitchen or refrigerator so I have to live off fruits, vegetables and bread. This made me wonder how people used to deal with not having a refrigerator before they were common household appliances. Did people just not eat meat? Did they al... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/92vqgw/at_the_beginning_of_the_20th_century_before/ | {
"a_id": [
"e38shb0",
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"score": [
13,
9
],
"text": [
"First, people simply bought fewer perishables. Instead of going shopping once a week and storing everything you bought until you needed it, you'd go to the butcher on the day you were actually planning to make roast beef or... | [] | [
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TiC8pig6PGE"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
7ns0mf | what exactly gets lost when mass gets converted into energy? | For example, if hydrogen is fused into helium, the end mass is less than the starting mass. Is something in the protons and neutrons converted into energy while still conserving the characteristics of protons and neutrons? And can you split the helium back to hydrogen and perform the same fusion again? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7ns0mf/eli5_what_exactly_gets_lost_when_mass_gets/ | {
"a_id": [
"ds43f41",
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"score": [
3,
5,
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"text": [
"Nothing gets lost; the law of conservation of energy tells us that. Mass and energy are really just two forms of the same thing. Nothing gets lost from the fusion of hydrogen into ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JdWlSF195Y"
],
[],
[]
] | |
2bzf3m | When did the guitar as we know it come about? | I'm talking about the 6 string acoustic guitar, not necessarily the dreadnought shape because I know that was invented in the early 1900s by Martin. But when did an instrument that you could look at and say, "that's a guitar" come around? And what was its predecessor? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2bzf3m/when_did_the_guitar_as_we_know_it_come_about/ | {
"a_id": [
"cjasprd"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"This is an excellent question, and kind of depends on how you define \"guitar.\"\n \nIf you're just looking for the earliest time you could go back in time and look at an instrument and think \"Hey, that looks like a guitar,\" the earliest docum... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vihuela",
"https://tunessence.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/hittite-guitar-player.gif"
]
] | |
325d9s | In the year 1750, how different was the standard of living in Eastern Europe (ex. Ukraine, Belarus, Russia) and Western Europe (France, England, Spain)? | I typically think of Western Europe as having a higher standard of living than Eastern Europe, but I'm not sure of when that exactly developed. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/325d9s/in_the_year_1750_how_different_was_the_standard/ | {
"a_id": [
"cq8tqwf"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"This question has to be narrowed down or the answer can only be yes and no.\nI'm going to assume that you mean the rural population which would be the most representative demographic for the country in general.\nIt could be argued that in 1750, B... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
30yeqw | Why doesn't cream separate into fat and water? | When you mix oil and water, you can create an emulsion. After some time, the oil and water separate into layers.
Cream is an emulsion with a lot of fat in water. However, it doesn't appear to separate (at least not on a scale I have observed). Why not? What keeps it in suspension? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/30yeqw/why_doesnt_cream_separate_into_fat_and_water/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpx0375",
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"score": [
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2
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"text": [
"You have observed curdling, which actually is separation, or the process of \"flocculation\"; it just happens at a slower rate in cream than, say, a mixture of oil and water. Rate of flocculation is driven by several variab... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
55u5n8 | What kind of deity or king/ruler is this statue? | Looking to see if anyone can tell what religion/empire/region this statue comes from. Someone once suggested it could be Zoroastrian or a combination of Zoroastrian or Bhuddist, but I am not sure. Any insights would be much appreciated!
_URL_0_ | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/55u5n8/what_kind_of_deity_or_kingruler_is_this_statue/ | {
"a_id": [
"d8dylyt"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"By the craftsmanship, chair, and general style this is definitely Chinese (or Chinese-esque), though nothing stick out at me to identify them. He could be Buddhist god or trickster given the expression, maybe a famous or deified member of Chinese... | [] | [
"http://imgur.com/a/Dvjgh"
] | [
[]
] | |
3elwcn | why do schools in the u.s punish their students so harshly? | I've been seeing several posts about how schools in the U.S suspend and expel their students for what appear to be minor misdemeanours, here in the UK when I was at school you really had to go out of your way to get suspended for longer than a day. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3elwcn/eli5_why_do_schools_in_the_us_punish_their/ | {
"a_id": [
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11,
3,
2,
2
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"text": [
"3 major reasons. \n\n1) Everyone became somewhat insane because of school shootings here, so they can put the color of sense on stupid approaches to school ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
t3lw5 | Why are solar panels flat and not concave? | Wouldn't using concave mirrors to gather light and produce a single focal point produce much more power, heat, and energy from the sun than the flat panels? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/t3lw5/why_are_solar_panels_flat_and_not_concave/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4j911d",
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2,
2
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"text": [
"I think you are confusing [solar panels](_URL_0_) with [solar furnaces](_URL_1_).\n\nA solar furnace typically *does* have parabolic mirrors like you described which reflect sunlight to some concentrate... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_furnace",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell"
],
[],
[]
] | |
4m1kyr | Why don't deBrogile wavelengths get infinitely large as an object's speed approaches zero? | I'm learning about this in my physics class and we learned tht you can calculate it with the equation lambda=h/mv and just looking at that as something's speed (v) approaches 0 (which happens all the time as things slow down to a zero velocity) it's wavelength should get arbitrarily large. I've asked a couple different... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4m1kyr/why_dont_debrogile_wavelengths_get_infinitely/ | {
"a_id": [
"d3rwz1k"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"It does get arbitrarily large; Heisenberg's uncertainty principle implies that if you measure p close to 0 then the wave function will have to be spread out in space. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
htyff | How much gasoline do various activities in one's car use up? | While driving down the road with music blasting, headlights on, and phone charging, it occurred to me that these activities must deplete my gasoline more quickly than if they were off.
Intuitively, I realize that having a bunch of things on must indeed increase gasoline consumption, otherwise we'd be violating the fi... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/htyff/how_much_gasoline_do_various_activities_in_ones/ | {
"a_id": [
"c1yc902",
"c1ycbrq",
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"score": [
2,
22,
2
],
"text": [
"You might want to look up 'hypermiling'; it is a method of driving aimed to maximise fuel economy. I'm sure someone in that community has run the numbers on all those sorts of things. \n\n_URL_0_",
... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermiling"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline#Energy_content_.28High_and_low_heating_value.29"
],
[]
] | |
8enpem | how do electrical instruments work? | Tempted to give my character an electrical voilin for a D & D campaign but i don't really know enough about how they work. how does it change sound, and would running a current through a voilin be enough? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8enpem/eli5_how_do_electrical_instruments_work/ | {
"a_id": [
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4,
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"text": [
"No. Electrical musical instruments work by having magnetic pickups which output a signal based on the frequency of the vibrating metal string. This output current is then amplified and converted into so... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
4r8011 | Monday Methods| Reading Historical Fiction | Hello and welcome to our 4th of July edition of Monday Methods. Today's topic is the first of a two-parter, as suggested by /u/Caffarelli and /u/Sunagainstgold/.
As historians, the books and journal articles that we read and write are generally in the realm of non-fiction. However, academic writing can often make for ... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4r8011/monday_methods_reading_historical_fiction/ | {
"a_id": [
"d4zegrf",
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"score": [
7,
5
],
"text": [
"I'm only an amateur historian, but I've always used historical fiction as a gateway to learning about the real stuff, and I've channeled that into teaching history to my teenage son (daughter & I do different things, becau... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1f4n6o | What is the probability of 2 snowflakes being the same | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1f4n6o/what_is_the_probability_of_2_snowflakes_being_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"ca6t9an"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"Depends on what you define as \"the same\" snowflake (the same or merely looks the same). And how large your minimum snowflake needs to be before you consider it. The smallest ice crystals can easily be alike. For large complex snowflakes there a... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.its.caltech.edu/~atomic/snowcrystals/alike/alike.htm"
]
] | ||
amjl95 | Do other planets have weather? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/amjl95/do_other_planets_have_weather/ | {
"a_id": [
"efn849y"
],
"score": [
21
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"text": [
"Oh yes.\n\n- **Venus**: There's hardly any axial tilt, so not much in the way of seasons. The atmosphere is so thick near the surface that it has a huge thermal inertia, so not much in the way of warm/cold fronts. Similarly, because the atmosphe... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://i.imgur.com/v5tJ2Br.jpg",
"https://i.imgur.com/EgaXHoj.gif",
"https://i.imgur.com/O5eep8c.jpg",
"https://i.imgur.com/ZvH8FlB.png",
"https://i.imgur.com/HdO0TMO.jpg",
"https://i.imgur.com/nlTC8z8.jpg",
"https://i.imgur.com/tdPHGE7.jpg",
"https://i.imgur.com/ZDBpIZh.gif",
... | ||
1v4ywi | Do we know that pre-historic Megalodon wasn't a hammerhead type shark? | From my understanding only the teeth and some vertebra have been recovered. From those alone can we determine whether it would be a hammerhead or not? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1v4ywi/do_we_know_that_prehistoric_megalodon_wasnt_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"ceowmmn"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"It's full name is *Carcharodon megalodon*, so it's in the same genus as the great white shark (*Carcharodon carcharias*). Their teeth are so similar that most scientists agree that this is the correct classification, and as far as I'm aware, ther... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
5dj1v4 | Why/how did some diseases receive names which sound like peoples' (last) names? (i.e., Crohn's, Parkinson's) | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5dj1v4/whyhow_did_some_diseases_receive_names_which/ | {
"a_id": [
"da4y56j",
"da4yq11"
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"score": [
2,
2
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"text": [
"Chrons was names after Dr. Burril Chron who described it in the 30s, Parkinson's was again after the person to describe it Dr. James Parkinson in the 1800s, ALS is Lou Gehrig's because of baseball player Lou Gehrig who was a... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2vkhlq | am i legally allowed to build a spaceship and launch into space? | If I had the resources and the space to build and launch it. Will I be able to do so without getting in trouble with the government. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2vkhlq/eli5_am_i_legally_allowed_to_build_a_spaceship/ | {
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4,
7,
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"text": [
"There are private companies that launch satellites on a fairly regular basis. But the FAA has some regulations you'd need to get around.",
"If you live in the US, then you woul... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/licenses_permits/launch_reentry/"
],
[],
[]
] | |
2f5gps | what difference will it make if i use soap instead of shampoo for my hair? what if i just use conditioner everyday instead of shampoo, will it be better for my hair? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2f5gps/eli5_what_difference_will_it_make_if_i_use_soap/ | {
"a_id": [
"ck63uur",
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"score": [
2,
2
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"text": [
"Short answer: maybe nothing, or maybe your skin gets a little drier with soap. Nothing but conditioner will leave your scalp a little more oily but you'd adapt to that eventually.\n\nLonger answer: Shampoo is (typically, if ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
3x0vex | Why are p-values reported as "significant" or not, vs. just giving the value? | As I understand the p-value, it's the likelihood that the reported difference is real in the population, rather than the artifact of an imperfect sample, so why do we report it on a binary scale? We don't talk about everyday events being "likely" or "unlikely" because their likelihood is greater or less than a thresho... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3x0vex/why_are_pvalues_reported_as_significant_or_not_vs/ | {
"a_id": [
"cy0s9lq",
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"score": [
5,
15,
6,
2
],
"text": [
"Pre-computers, computation of exact p-values used to be very hard, and the only available means of calculating p-values were tables, which were tabulated for a combination of conv... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124",
"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01973533.2015.1012991#.VnEOjTZuKxF",
"http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/not-even-scientists-can-easily-explain-p-values/"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
4yc8ip | why is crawling on hands and knees so tiring for an adult but babies have no problem? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4yc8ip/eli5_why_is_crawling_on_hands_and_knees_so_tiring/ | {
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21,
55,
7,
8
],
"text": [
"I think you are assuming that it's no problem for a baby to crawl around. Babies crawl because they want to start moving around but don't have the strength to stand on two legs ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1b48vg | When doing something strenuous, such as lifting weights, why does it feel necessary to tightly close your eyes? | I catch myself doing this all the time when working out and I don't know why.
Bad examples, just grabbed them from a quick google search.
_URL_0_
_URL_1_
_URL_2_ | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1b48vg/when_doing_something_strenuous_such_as_lifting/ | {
"a_id": [
"c93fybn"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"I believe what you are talking about is called the valsalva maneuver. Which is defined as trying to exhale with a closed glottis (breathing out without letting air out). This along with the contraction of your thoracic and abdominal muscles makes... | [] | [
"http://i.imgur.com/sKxBGpr.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/rR3fHbp.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/4l8jWKj.jpg"
] | [
[]
] | |
26mi5a | What physical properties does a pH meter use to measure pH? | So basically what the science behind it working? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/26mi5a/what_physical_properties_does_a_ph_meter_use_to/ | {
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"At the tip of the probe there is a thin glass bulb. Inside the bulb are two electrodes that measure voltage. One electrode is contained in a liquid with a fixed pH. The other electrode responds to the pH of the water sample... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://omp.gso.uri.edu/ompweb/doee/science/physical/chph2.htm"
],
[]
] | |
48uksx | what's the explanation for physically recoiling when we see something really odd or disturbing? | Like, what's the reason behind people feeling really weird when they watch "Goddess Bunny" or something?
| explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/48uksx/eli5_whats_the_explanation_for_physically/ | {
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"We were once animals (less evolved) and animals do it. \n\nThe instinct to recoil is stronger than our cognitive ability. Recoiling probably had an evolutionary advantage. It's just today we are in a b... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PEikGKDVsCc"
],
[]
] | |
1bgpex | Does flying an airplane against the rotation of the planet result in a shorter duration of flight vs a flight with the rotation if the planet? | Sorry! OF the planet. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1bgpex/does_flying_an_airplane_against_the_rotation_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"c96ks3j"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"The plane flies at a certain speed relative to the air, and the air rotates with the Earth, so no."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1syxy6 | In English, when did "ask" replace "ax" and why has "ax" remained in usage by some groups (like some African-Americans)? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1syxy6/in_english_when_did_ask_replace_ax_and_why_has_ax/ | {
"a_id": [
"ce2od8c"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"As your own question shows, “ask” did not replace “aks,” since “aks” is still in common use. You find it not only in African-American English, but numerous British dialects use it as well.\n\nThe better way to think about it is that these are tw... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
qcbw6 | if the calender is based on astronomy, how did they do it in the dark ages? | so every 4 years we have a leap year- but how did this start and how did they accurately calculate time and date in the dark ages, when Christians ruled Europe and astronomy was heresy. did they have a leap day every 4 years? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/qcbw6/if_the_calender_is_based_on_astronomy_how_did/ | {
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"text": [
"The leap-year was invented in ancient Rome (the Julian calendar).",
"I've not heard that astronomy was ever heresy. But in any case Europe didn't change calendars during the Dark Ages. The [Julian ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar"
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[]
] | |
14wo2l | How were jewels cut and polished prior to the modern era? | I'm asking more specifically about the turn into the Common Era. How were jewels cut? I searched and saw how they were set into precious metals, and previous metals were obviously used for a variety of ornamentation. I'm more curious as to jewels and other precious stones were manipulated without damaging them.
If it ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/14wo2l/how_were_jewels_cut_and_polished_prior_to_the/ | {
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"text": [
"I had to dig for it but I found it. [link](_URL_0_)\n\nInteresting reading. ",
"I do a bit of lapidary work, [I posed a similar question to other lapidaries on the Gemology Online Forum a while back.](_URL_0_) They po... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.gemsociety.org/info/history.htm"
],
[
"http://www.gemologyonline.com/Forum/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=14398&hilit=GreenStrong"
]
] | |
1eaedf | What is the smallest radius planet that we could realistically walk on in earth like gravity? | I did a calculation to see what the density of a planet with a radius of 10 meters would be if acceleration due to gravity was 9.8m/s^2:
g = Gm/r^2
9.8(10^2) /G = m
m/V where V = 4pi(10^3) /3
So I got 3507612688.83kg/m^3
I realize that there aren't any substances that are this dense within conditions that humans co... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1eaedf/what_is_the_smallest_radius_planet_that_we_could/ | {
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"This depends. If you assume a planet can be made out of any thing, take enough of the heaviest known element to have the same mass as the Earth, then determine its radius from its density.\n\nIf you are... | [] | [] | [
[],
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[]
] | |
1rp5hk | why after running for a while do my lungs get that painful burning sensation? | Once I've been running for a while, eventually my legs will tire before my lungs. But starting out on my first few runs, my lungs "give out" before my legs and I get that painful burning sensation in them. Not asthma, just normal fatigue type feeling. What is that? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1rp5hk/eli5_why_after_running_for_a_while_do_my_lungs/ | {
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"If it happens in cold weather, it could be simply from the cold air... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"http://www.livestrong.com/article/385817-why-do-my-lungs-hurt-after-running/"
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[]
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c3dli0 | on some websites it says that venus is hotter than mercury because it has an atmosphere, however where does that heat energy transfer to if space is a vacuum? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c3dli0/eli5_on_some_websites_it_says_that_venus_is/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Planets can also emit excess heat through *radiation,* typically by emitting infrared light.",
"There are two sources for heat on Venus. The first is the planet's interior. When the rocky inner planets formed, they were ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
5mm0s4 | Eating can raise dopamine, but how exactly? | First of all english is not my first language, so pardon me for any grammar mistakes.
Now my question is whether dopamine levels raise while eating food or after, as our body realizes that there's food in the stomach? or how does this process work?
I would appreciate any answers about this exact topic, because I could... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5mm0s4/eating_can_raise_dopamine_but_how_exactly/ | {
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"Oh my, this is a very complex question. What is your background in, I would like to try and get this across in an efficient way, but if you are unfamiliar with any molecular biology, biochem and a bit o... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
36k9wd | how and why did the levees in new orleans break during katrina? what should have been done before hand, if anything? | The American Society of Civil Engineers is now saying they give the U.S. a score of D+ for our infrastructure and that our roads, bridges, and levees should have been updated years ago. Does that play a role with what happened in Katrina? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/36k9wd/eli5_how_and_why_did_the_levees_in_new_orleans/ | {
"a_id": [
"crerm0m",
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"text": [
"One of the major levees that failed was the 17th st Canal. Beginning in 1999 it had been refurbished. I remember walking my dog along it from my parents house during the refurbishing.\n\n\n > An upgrade of the canal levees,... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_Street_Canal"
],
[]
] | |
frhrt | How long is a blink? | and why does my vision seem continuous and uninterrupted by my eyes being closed? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/frhrt/how_long_is_a_blink/ | {
"a_id": [
"c1i3308"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"between 300-400 ms\n\nScientists have found that the human brain has a talent for ignoring the momentary blackout. The very act of blinking suppresses activity in several areas of the brain responsible for detecting environmental changes, so that... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1te4ka | how does spinning make thread longer than the fibers of the raw material without falling apart when pulled? | I understand (maybe) the process of spinning thread to twist several raw strands together but why doesn't it pull apart?
| explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1te4ka/eli5_how_does_spinning_make_thread_longer_than/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It's actually quite amazing, though on the scale you are speaking of it can be easily defunct by some finger work, it's actually all friction. The best way to explain it is to see it. Check out one of the best mythbuster episodes of all time to r... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOt-D_ee-JE"
]
] | |
9olfci | what causes a bullet/missile to spin after exiting the rifle? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9olfci/eli5_what_causes_a_bulletmissile_to_spin_after/ | {
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"text": [
"rivots in tbe barrel are there to give the projectile a spin and thus stabilising it when travelling. ",
"[That would be because of what is predictably called \"rifling\".](_URL_0_) There are ridges... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.epicgames.com/unrealtournament/forums/filedata/fetch?id=333526"
],
[]
] | ||
spm2p | the different data plans for mobile networks | I have an "unlimited" data plan with AT & T, yet Sprint claims in their commercials that they're the only network with "truly unlimited data." What do they mean? I've heard that some networks slow down the processing speeds if you use more and more data. Someone please explain this. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/spm2p/eli5_the_different_data_plans_for_mobile_networks/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4fwltz"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Neither AT & T nor Verizon will sell new accounts with unlimited data for smartphones; instead, you pay for a set amount (e.g. 2GB or 5GB), and you pay overages when you surpass that. T-Mobile also keeps track of how much data you have used in a... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
z3xwq | . maybe a dumb question, but why didn't the vietnam war produce terrorists, like conflicts in the middle-east? | I mean, the war left the country devastated, and I'm sure there were a lot of people angry at the US. Why didn't anyone try to strike out at the US? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/z3xwq/eli5_maybe_a_dumb_question_but_why_didnt_the/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"I would think that it didn't produce terrorists simply because Vietnam won the war. Once Vietnam had won, it had all it wanted, so there would be no benefit to it in attacking America further. They couldn't hope to spread c... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
vedfc | Did Nazi Germany have propaganda cartoons? | Like Disney cartoons, not comic strips.. ETC | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/vedfc/did_nazi_germany_have_propaganda_cartoons/ | {
"a_id": [
"c53r7xz"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"E.g. [Der Störenfried](_URL_0_), 1940. Subtle."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGUEazGbfSw"
]
] | |
1jpeft | Which technologies owe their invention and/or diffusion to the porn industry? | I know this is kind of "recent" history, but maybe someone has some insight.
I hear a lot about how streaming services, chat rooms, broadband, pop-ups, and live-chat all owe their diffusion throughout the internet to their introduction to porn sites. While many of these make sense logically, I've found it difficult to... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1jpeft/which_technologies_owe_their_invention_andor/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"The lack of data can probably be attributed to a few things;\n\n• Individuals and companies involved with these sort of decisions likely don't have many interviews/discussion in the mainstream\n• The factors involved with th... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://history.tamu.edu/faculty/coopersmith/coopersmith%20personal/pornography%20technology%20and%20progress.pdf"
]
] | |
1utj4t | why is that sometimes you go into a "stare"; where your eyes fix to a certain place and slowly go out of focus? | You know the feeling, you can be just talking away and suddenly you focus on something, then you just can't be drawn away from that particular spot, your eyes go out of focus and you are just staring. It feels quite comfortable to continue doing this, then you suddenly snap out of it.
I'm not the only one who has this... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1utj4t/eli5_why_is_that_sometimes_you_go_into_a_stare/ | {
"a_id": [
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... | [] | [] | [
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19u3mp | Is it true that as much as 2,3% of ships were being sunken by U-boats during the Battle of the Atlantic? | I found this claim [here](_URL_0_).
The specific excerpt:
> The navy admirals were as obdurate as their aerial counterparts and refused for a long time to abandon their belief that small convoys were safer than larger ones despite incontrovertible evidence to the contrary. **Blackett’s Circus proved that each ship i... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/19u3mp/is_it_true_that_as_much_as_23_of_ships_were_being/ | {
"a_id": [
"c8rcldw"
],
"score": [
2
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"text": [
"Lets look at the math of the whole thing : \n\n* First of all - that 2.3 % of all ships were lost doesn't mean that 2.3 % of all men on the ships were lost. Plus the rate soon dropped to 1.1 % with the use of bigger convoys. \n\n* Second : The ra... | [] | [
"http://www.linkedin.com/today/post/article/20130306150901-25760-the-story-of-the-way-big-data-shaped-world-war-ii"
] | [
[
"http://www.bombercommandmuseum.ca/commandlosses.html"
]
] | |
7oqfmy | How was knowledge ‘lost’ after the fall of Rome? | Commonly known history states that after the fall of the Roman Empire fell Western Europe went into a backwards period of the dark ages not fully recovering until the renaissance. If so how was this Roman knowledge lost from the West for so long? Or is this understanding of history wrong? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7oqfmy/how_was_knowledge_lost_after_the_fall_of_rome/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"So just looking at western Europe and north Africa (where the empire fell the first and furthest), there are several processes that take place. First, though, it is important to understand what peopl... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5bfw2n/the_fall_of_the_roman_empire_is_typically/"
]
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atalsn | have we been able to find the center of the universe mathematically? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/atalsn/eli5_have_we_been_able_to_find_the_center_of_the/ | {
"a_id": [
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2,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"There is no center of the universe. You can pick any point arbitrarily and it would be just as valid.",
"We don't know if the universe has a center because we don't know if the universe has edges or... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
10clur | OK Reddit, can someone please explain to me the idea of someone's 'reaction time'? | Hear me out. I basically don't understand the idea that different people have different reaction times.
Consider the classic test where a ruler is held by someone and dropped, allowing people to measure their reaction time by how far the ruler falls before it is caught. My interpretation would be that, upon the ruler ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/10clur/ok_reddit_can_someone_please_explain_to_me_the/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Everyone brain processes information at different speeds. The signal of seeing the ruler drop has to go through many parts of the brain.",
"The transmission speed isn't the speed of light. It's very electrical in nature,... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
8p4l4l | where does the term "in-law" come from? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8p4l4l/eli5_where_does_the_term_inlaw_come_from/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Marriage is a legal construct: when you are wed, you are bound to another person and their family legally. For a very long time, marriage was about the consolidation of wealth and property more than romantic notions of coupl... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
6bqqrx | What happens on an atomic scale when water is boiled? | So my college entry biology professor (with a doctorate) just told my summer school class that when water boils, the hydrogen and oxygen atoms split and bind to each other, forming H2 and O2. I have always been taught that water vapor is just water molecules that are heated to a gaseous form.
Also, if what he said is... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6bqqrx/what_happens_on_an_atomic_scale_when_water_is/ | {
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2,
3
],
"text": [
"Oversimplified, but when water boils, enough heat has been added to water molecules that they gain kinetic energy, causing the interactions between water mol... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolysis"
],
[],
[
"https://www.amazon.com/Thermodynamics-Introduction-Thermostatistics-Herbert-Callen/dp/0471862568",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22567/",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond-dissociation_energy"
],
[],
[]
] | |
17v2se | What's the likelihood that the legacy of King Richard III was mostly Tudor propaganda to secure their claim to the English Throne? | With the remains found buried under a car park in Leicester now [confirmed to be those of King Richard III](_URL_1_), I’d kind of like to hear how much of what we ‘know’ about him is likely true, and how much was spun by the Tudor dynasty to secure their comparably weak claim to the throne.
My understanding of this pe... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/17v2se/whats_the_likelihood_that_the_legacy_of_king/ | {
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13,
129,
10,
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113,
13,
31,
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39,
18,
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... | [] | [
"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-21083005",
"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-21063882"
] | [
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYLXlbE6Ly4"
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[],
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[],
[],
[],
[],
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"http://www.r3.org/bookcase/croyland/index.html"
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[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/17wa97/everyones_interested_in_king_richard_iii_find_all/"
]
] | |
n6lc6 | Are there any gases that can conduct eletricity? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/n6lc6/are_there_any_gases_that_can_conduct_eletricity/ | {
"a_id": [
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11,
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"text": [
"They all do. The voltage just needs to be strong enough to overcome the dielectric between the terminals. \n\nSome of them just do it better than others. Are you familiar with neon lighting? _URL_0_",
"They all do.... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon_sign"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon_sign"
]
] | ||
65vy4z | Is there any validity to the claim that Epsom salts "Increase the relaxing effects of a warm bath after strenuous exertion"? If so, what is the Underlying mechanism for this effect? | This claim is printed in wide type on this box of ES we've got & my baloney detector is tingling.
EDIT/UPDATE: Just a reminder to please remain on topic and refrain from anecdotal evidence and hearsay. If you have relevant expertise and can back up what you say with peer-reviewed literature, that's fine. Side-discus... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/65vy4z/is_there_any_validity_to_the_claim_that_epsom/ | {
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"score": [
2555,
2786,
472,
101,
8,
2,
22,
5,
3,
4... | [] | [] | [
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"https://www.painscience.com/articles/epsom-salts.php"
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[],
[],
[
"http://www.epsomsaltcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/report_on_absorption_of_magnesium_sulfate.pdf",
"https://examine.com/supplements/magnesium/"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.14... | |
26jmf3 | why doesnt the world appear 2d if i close one eye? | From my understanding, depth perception and 3D vision is achieved because we have two eyes that are slightly apart, giving us slightly different vantage points. Our brain then processes the two 2D images from each eye and gives us a 3D image.
My question is: if we need two eyes to create 3D, then why doesn't the worl... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/26jmf3/eli5_why_doesnt_the_world_appear_2d_if_i_close/ | {
"a_id": [
"chrnebh",
"chrnf9h",
"chrnn9d",
"chrnqec",
"chrns6s",
"chrrum9",
"chrshm2",
"chrtp9e"
],
"score": [
36,
10,
2,
2,
8,
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"It does appear in 2d. However your brain is good at recreating the 3rd dimension by calcul... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Parallax.gif"
],
[],
[]
] | |
373mn0 | why is two-x chromosomes a default sub? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/373mn0/eli5_why_is_twox_chromosomes_a_default_sub/ | {
"a_id": [
"crjea3c",
"crjf1yg"
],
"score": [
4,
2
],
"text": [
"The default subs are based on popularity, which is based on how many members they have and how many people view them. They just happen to be the most popular subs, for whatever reason.",
"Whatever group of people that ar... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
bh61ri | how long could an umbilical cord stay attached and would it give any benefits? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bh61ri/eli5_how_long_could_an_umbilical_cord_stay/ | {
"a_id": [
"elqaenu"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"The umbilical cord should fall off after about 1-3 weeks. If it doesn't, it could be a sign of infection or an immune system disorder. This is because the baby's body has a white blood cell called a neutrophil whose job is cut off the umbilical c... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4u9eua | what are the dark bruises under a person's eyes that appears when they're tired? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4u9eua/eli5_what_are_the_dark_bruises_under_a_persons/ | {
"a_id": [
"d5nvpsr"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"When you're tired, the body releases a hormone called cortisol to boost energy levels, cortisol increases blood flow in the body.\n\nThe skin around a persons eye is a lot thinner than the rest of the body, so all the dark patches are is the bloo... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2i4gm8 | Why do food labels say you shouldn't microwave raw chicken? | I don't quite understand how an oven can cook raw chicken but a microwave can't. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2i4gm8/why_do_food_labels_say_you_shouldnt_microwave_raw/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckyutkf"
],
"score": [
11
],
"text": [
"Microwave ovens don't heat very evenly, as anyone who has tried to eat a Hot Pocket can tell you. So when microwaving a large piece of chicken, there is a fairly high chance that spots within the chicken will be undercooked, and therefore at a h... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
88p0jk | Anti-Semitism in 1942-1945 Nazi Germany Propaganda | I was wondering if it is true that anti-semitic propaganda became increasingly common after the fall of Stalingrad and when defeat was becoming increasingly plausible. If this was the case, I was wondering why that may be the case and if this had any effect on the public. Furthermore, were there any other recurring the... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/88p0jk/antisemitism_in_19421945_nazi_germany_propaganda/ | {
"a_id": [
"dwmlzun"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"Modified from an [earlier answer of mine](_URL_0_) \n\n > Enjoy the war, for the peace is going to be terrible- popular German joke in the last year of the war\n\nAs the fortunes of war turned against Germany after the Battle of Stalingrad, Germ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3g64o0/how_did_the_nazi_propaganda_machine_spin_germanys/?limit=500#ctvf772",
"https://www.ushmm.org/information/press/press-kits/traveling-exhibitions/state-of-deception/behind-the-enemy-powers-the-jew",
"https://www.kunstkopie.de/kunst/unbekannter_kue... | |
605u59 | what does it mean to be "red pilled?" | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/605u59/eli5what_does_it_mean_to_be_red_pilled/ | {
"a_id": [
"df3oev3"
],
"score": [
14
],
"text": [
"In the film *The Matrix*, the main character is offered a red pill that (indirectly) allows him to perceive the world as it really is for the first time (the alternative blue pill would have let him keep his illusions and never find out the trut... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2hn0l2 | why can i drink flavored drinks until i'm stick, but i struggle to drink the equivalent of water. | I try to drink a gallon+ of water each day and its a struggle to do so, but if I add some flavoring to the water I can drink a gallon+ easy. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2hn0l2/eli5why_can_i_drink_flavored_drinks_until_im/ | {
"a_id": [
"cku5nz1"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"A gallon of water a day? That seems like a hell of a lot quite frankly and unless your doing some heavy work outs I doubt you need that much. Actually that's related to why you cant drink much. Water doesn't really have much of a taste But since... | [] | [] | [
[]
] |
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