id stringlengths 11 14 | sentence1 stringlengths 20 168 | sentence2 stringlengths 55 29.8k | label stringclasses 2
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converted_2663 | Is the petrous bone used in ancient DNA sampling? | Large-scale genomic analyses of ancient human populations have become feasible partly due to refined sampling methods. The inner part of petrous bones and the cementum layer in teeth roots are currently recognized as the best substrates for such research., Ancient DNA (aDNA) research involves invasive and destructive s... | yes |
converted_4261 | Is Lysozyme abundant in human tears? | lysozyme present in the natural tear, Lysozyme (Lyz) is a naturally occurring enzyme that operates against Gram-positive bacteria and leads to cell death. This antimicrobial enzyme forms the part of the innate defense system of nearly all animals and exists in their somatic discharges such as milk, tears, saliva and ur... | yes |
converted_1044 | Does Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) show a bias for highly expressed loci? | However, several issues in the processing and analysis of ChIP-chip data have not been resolved fully, including the effect of background (mock control) subtraction and normalization within and across arrays, Proper normalization is essential for ChIP-chip experiments. The proposed normalization technique can correct ... | yes |
converted_1861 | Is treatment resistant depression related to vitamin B9? | Suboptimal serum and red blood cell folate levels have been associated with a poorer response to antidepressant therapy, a greater severity of symptoms, later onset of clinical improvement, and overall treatment resistance. This article reviews the evidence for L-methylfolate and folic acid as antidepressive agents in ... | yes |
converted_4679 | Is there any role of the 'Greek islands' in olfactory receptor choice? | Chromatin conformation capture using in situ Hi-C on fluorescence-activated cell-sorted olfactory sensory neurons and their progenitors shows that olfactory receptor gene clusters from 18 chromosomes make specific and robust interchromosomal contacts that increase with differentiation of the cells. These contacts are o... | yes |
converted_3070 | Are recessive coding variants responsible for the majority of undiagnosed nonconsanguineous individuals? | Our results suggest that recessive coding variants account for a small fraction of currently undiagnosed nonconsanguineous individuals, and that the role of noncoding variants, incomplete penetrance, and polygenic mechanisms need further exploration.[SEP] | no |
converted_3595 | Can LB-100 sensitize ovarian carcinoma to cisplatin? | The protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor LB100 sensitizes ovarian carcinoma cells to cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity., LB100 sensitized ovarian carcinoma lines to cisplatin-mediated cell death. , Our results suggest that LB100 sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo by modulation of the DDR pathwa... | yes |
converted_3810 | Can AGY be used as antidiuretic replacement therapy? | AGY, a Novel Egg Yolk-Derived Anti-gliadin Antibody, Is Safe for Patients with Celiac Disease., Oral egg yolk anti-gliadin antibody (AGY) is a novel treatment to neutralize gluten and may improve the efficacy of the GFD., To determine the safety, tolerability, and potential efficacy of AGY in patients with CD., Most pa... | no |
converted_2280 | Is enzastaurin effective treatment of glioblastoma? | RESULTS: fourteen randomized clinical trials were identified (7 with bevacizumab, 2 cilengitide, 1 enzastaurin, 1 dasatinib, 1 vandetanib, 1 temsirolimus, 1 cediranib) including 4330 patients. Antiangiogenic drugs showed no improvement in overall survival with a pooled HR of 1.00, a trend for an inferior outcome, in te... | no |
converted_3130 | Are apoE mimetics being considered as a treatment against Alzheimer's disease? | The apolipoprotein-E-mimetic COG112 protects amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain-overexpressing animals from Alzheimer's disease-like pathological features., Studies show that administration of apolipoprotein E (apoE) and apoE-derived small peptide mimetics protect AD mouse models against these AD-like featu... | yes |
converted_24 | Is Alu hypomethylation associated with breast cancer? | Alu and LINE-1 hypomethylation is associated with HER2 enriched subtype of breast cancer, In IBC, Alu hypomethylation correlated with negative estrogen receptor (ER) status, In survival analyses, low Alu methylation status tended to be associated with poor disease-free survival of the patients., Alu hypomethylation is ... | yes |
converted_540 | Is Calcium homeostasis important in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology? | Maintenance of cellular calcium homeostasis is critical to regulating mitochondrial ATP production and cardiac contraction. , the Ca(2+) signal regulates the most important activities of the cell, from the expression of genes, to heart and muscle contraction and other motility processes, to diverse metabolic pathways i... | yes |
converted_3849 | Can ATAC-Seq be employed in single-cell mode? | Single-cell ATAC-seq: strength in numbers., Assembly, and Single-Cell ATAC-Seq., Single cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analysis of cardiac progenitor cell transition states and lineage settlement., Here, we comprehensively characterize mouse cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) marked by Nkx2-5 and Isl1 expression from E7.5 to ... | yes |
converted_2429 | Is Apremilast effective for Behcet’s syndrome? | Apremilast is an immunomodulatory agent that works through phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition. A randomized controlled trial has shown that it is effective for the management of oral and genital ulcers and is generally well tolerated., AREAS COVERED: This review provides a digest of all current experience and evidence abou... | yes |
converted_3602 | Has istadefylline been considered as a treatment for Parkinson's disease? | Istradefylline (ISD) is a new drug developed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is an adenosine receptor A2A antagonists that will represent an important option for patients with advanced PD where it has been demonstrated efficacy in decreasing daily OFF time and is well tolerated. , The objective of thi... | yes |
converted_47 | Is Weaver syndrome similar to Sotos? | Overgrowth conditions are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterised by increased growth and variable features, including macrocephaly, distinctive facial appearance and various degrees of learning difficulties and intellectual disability. Among them, Sotos and Weaver syndromes are clinically well defined and due... | yes |
converted_1236 | Is there any cross-talk between the Wnt and the Akt pathways? | Our data demonstrate that engaging Wnt signaling at the receptor level by this method leads to necessary crosstalk between multiple signaling pathways including activation of Akt, mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, PKA/CREB, and inhibition of RhoA/ROCK that substantially increase human β-cell proliferation while maintaining the β-ce... | yes |
converted_766 | Does GC content vary markedly within a given isochore? | The isochore, a large DNA sequence with relatively small GC variance, is one of the most important structures in eukaryotic genomes., Isochores are large regions of relatively homogeneous nucleotide composition, Vertebrate genomes are comprised of isochores that are relatively long (>100 kb) regions with a relatively h... | no |
converted_317 | Have mutations in the Polycomb group been found in human diseases? | We identify a novel mutation in PHC1, a human orthologue of the Drosophila polyhomeotic member of polycomb group (PcG), which significantly decreases PHC1 protein expression, increases Geminin protein level and markedly abolishes the capacity to ubiquitinate histone H2A in patient cells., In clinical specimens of head ... | yes |
converted_278 | Is the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle affected in inflammation? | In this study, the levels of amino acids and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) cycle-related molecules in the colonic tissues and sera of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were profiled by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), with the aim of evaluating whether the clinical state induced by UC leads to variations ... | yes |
converted_1270 | Can administration of the thyrotropin releasing hormone reduce fatigue in cancer patients? | TRH administration was associated with significant improvement (p < 0.05) in fatigue levels as measured by the Visual Analog Scale-Energy (VAS-E), was associated with significant (p < 0.05) improvement in sleep disturbances and improved quality of life. , This decrease in CRP level with TRH administration was associate... | yes |
converted_4560 | Is serotonin transported by platelets? | activated platelets, which carry peripheral serotonin,, Platelet serotonin response was measured by serotonin augmented platelet aggregation and platelet serotonin receptor density. , SERT was studied in the 1970s and 1980s using membrane vesicles isolated from blood platelets., platelet-dense granules contain neurotr... | yes |
converted_2487 | Is there any role of Dlx1 and Dlx2 transcription factors in cortical interneurons? | The postnatal functions of the Dlx1&2 transcription factors in cortical interneurons (CINs) are unknown. Here, using conditional Dlx1, Dlx2, and Dlx1&2 knockouts (CKOs), we defined their roles in specific CINs. The CKOs had dendritic, synaptic, and survival defects, affecting even PV+ CINs. We provide evidence that DLX... | yes |
converted_677 | Are there any urine biomarkers for bladder cancer diagnosis? | CONCLUSIONS: Several gene-based urinary biomarkers have demonstrated promise in initial studies, which now need to be rigorously validated in the clinical setting for them to be translated into clinically useful tests in diagnosis, surveillance or risk-stratification of bladder cancer, Novel promising markers are in v... | yes |
converted_999 | Has single guide RNA been used on human cells? | We used a library containing 73,000 sgRNAs to generate knockout collections and performed screens in two human cell lines., Here we engineer this system to enable RNA-guided genome regulation in human cells by tethering transcriptional activation domains either directly to a nuclease-null Cas9 protein or to an aptamer-... | yes |
converted_1265 | Are there any animal models for Niemann-Pick C1 disease? | Several animal models were used to analyze the impaired pathways. , We investigated components of the surfactant system in both NPC1 mutant mice and felines and in NPC2 mutant mice near the end of their expected life span. , Thus far, studies of NPC mice have been performed mainly to study the brain and neurodegenerati... | yes |
converted_3432 | Is Dexmecamylamine effective for depression? | At treatment end, no significant differences were seen for change in MADRS total score with TC-5214 versus placebo. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in any of the secondary endpoints. , TC-5214 (dexmecamylamine) is a nicotinic channel modulator that has previously been evaluated for treatment of major... | no |
converted_4566 | Is Otolin-1 a matrix protein? | otoconia matrix protein, otolin-1, Otolin-1 is a collagen-like protein expressed in the inner ear of vertebrates. , Mammalian Otolin: a multimeric glycoprotein specific to the inner ear that interacts with otoconial matrix protein Otoconin-90 and Cerebellin-1, binds to otolin-1 and forming matrix protein architectures[... | yes |
converted_2244 | Does RNA polymerase II have RNA cleavage activity? | In addition to RNA synthesis, multisubunit RNA polymerases (msRNAPs) support enzymatic reactions such as intrinsic transcript cleavage., msRNAP active sites from different species appear to exhibit differential intrinsic transcript cleavage efficiency and have likely evolved to allow fine-tuning of the transcription pr... | yes |
converted_390 | Does PU.1 (SPI1) affect NF-kB binding? | Recent data demonstrate that developmental transcription factors like the macrophage fate-determining Pu.1 set the stage for the activity of ubiquitous transcription factors activated by inflammatory stimuli, like NF-kB, AP-1, and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs)., Within 1217 bp of upstream sequence, 3 sites for N... | yes |
converted_214 | Are there focused databases from which you can retrieve gene expression data on renal disease? | Proteomics database in chronic kidney disease, Naturally occurring human urinary peptides for use in diagnosis of chronic kidney disease[SEP]Definitions: chronic kidney disease defined as following: Impairment of the renal function secondary to chronic kidney damage persisting for three or more months.. renal disease d... | yes |
converted_2789 | Can gene therapy restore auditory function? | Gene therapy restores auditory and vestibular function in a mouse model of Usher syndrome type 1c., We demonstrate recovery of gene and protein expression, restoration of sensory cell function, rescue of complex auditory function and recovery of hearing and balance behavior to near wild-type levels. The data represent ... | yes |
converted_4168 | Are enhancers directional in their targeting of gene promoters? | Novel bi-directional duplex promoters (BDDP) were constructed by placing two identical core promoters divergently on both upstream and downstream sides of their duplicated enhancer elements., These promoters initiate transcription in opposite directions and are separated only by a short enhancer region, which is likely... | no |
converted_4377 | Can bergapten cause phototoxicity? | Furthermore, the phototoxicity of bergapten combined with ultraviolet light has always been mentioned., The phototoxicity of bergapten as a side effect should be further avoided. [SEP]Definitions: bergapten defined as following: A linear furanocoumarin that has phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, with effects ... | yes |
converted_285 | Is ospemifene effective for treatment of dyspareunia? | Ospemifene, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator, has been developed for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy and dyspareunia in postmenopausal women. , For the comparison of short-term ospemifene with placebo, parabasal cells (the standardized mean difference [SMD] = -37.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -41... | yes |
converted_159 | Is glycyl-tRNA synthetase gene involved in the development of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease? | Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D (CMT2D) is an autosomal-dominant axonal peripheral neuropathy characterized by impaired motor and sensory function in the distal extremities. Mutations in the glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS) gene cause CMT2D, Dominant mutations in GARS cause rare forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease an... | yes |
converted_1255 | Is lenvatinib effective for thyroid cancer? | New insights in the treatment of radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid carcinomas: to lenvatinib and beyond., However, even more impressive responses and progression-free survival benefits were seen in the phase III SELECT trial with lenvatinib, giving even higher hopes for the future management of what was con... | yes |
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