id stringlengths 11 14 | sentence1 stringlengths 21 192 | sentence2 stringlengths 55 19.7k | label stringclasses 2
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converted_2072 | Is vemurafenib used for thyroid cancer? | Vemurafenib in patients with BRAF(V600E)-positive metastatic or unresectable papillary thyroid cancer refractory to radioactive iodine: a non-randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial., Vemurafenib, an oncogenic BRAF kinase inhibitor approved for BRAF-positive melanoma, showed clinical benefit in three patient... | yes |
converted_95 | Does the CTCF protein co-localize with cohesin? | To investigate cohesin-non-CTCF (CNC) binding events in vivo we mapped cohesin and CTCF, as well as a collection of tissue-specific and ubiquitous transcriptional regulators using ChIP-seq in primary mouse liver., In contrast to regions of the genome where cohesin and CTCF colocalize, CNC sites coincide with the bindin... | yes |
converted_1045 | Is clathrin involved in E-cadherin endocytosis? | We demonstrated that GnT-III induced a stabilizing effect on E-cadherin at the cell membrane by inducing a delay in the turnover rate of the protein, contributing for the formation of stable and functional adherens-junctions, and further preventing clathrin-dependent E-cadherin endocytosis., Conversely, GnT-V promotes ... | yes |
converted_225 | Is it safe to take isotretinoin during pregnancy? | Isotretinoin is a remarkably effective drug for severe, recalcitrant acne vulgaris., a number of important adverse effects were reported, even the most recent pregnancy prevention program (iPledge) is no more successful than prior programs; there will likely always be a small number of female patients becoming pregnant... | no |
converted_220 | Has depression been shown to be a predictor of frailty? | significant role of frailty as a predictor of depression in a relatively younger old Chinese population, significant relationships between frailty and depressive symptoms and mortality at 1 year, These findings suggest that malnutrition is a major predictor of frailty or the "failure to thrive" syndrome in older person... | yes |
converted_680 | Is signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) critical for tumor angiogenesis progression? | (STAT3) is critical for cancer progression by regulating tumor cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Herein, we investigated the regulation of STAT3 activation and the therapeutic effects of Icaritin, a prenyl flavonoid derivative from Epimedium Genus, in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). , Overall, these results... | yes |
converted_807 | Is transcapillary albumin escape altered in diabetic patients? | On the contrary, altered TERalb and increased carotid artery intimal thickness are shown by all hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients, both with normal and altered patterns of AER., Altered systemic capillary permeability characterizes insulin-resistant hypertensive patients with Metabolic Syndrome., TERalb is increase... | yes |
converted_328 | Can sorafenib activate AMPK? | Here, we identify sorafenib as an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), in a manner that involves either upstream LKB1 or CAMKK2. , Persistent activation of AMPK by sorafenib finally led to the impairment of glucose metabolism both in MCF-7 and SKBR3 cells as well as in the highly glycolytic MDA-MB-231 cell... | yes |
converted_1165 | Are there currently applications of deep learning in genomics? | Deep learning of the tissue-regulated splicing code., Using a deep neural network, we developed a model inferred from mouse RNA-Seq data that can predict splicing patterns in individual tissues and differences in splicing patterns across tissues. Our architecture uses hidden variables that jointly represent features in... | yes |
converted_1294 | Are optogenetics tools used in the study and treatment of epilepsy? | The emerging revolutionary technique of optogenetics enables manipulation of the activity of specific neuronal populations in vivo with exquisite spatiotemporal resolution using light. We used optogenetic approaches to test the role of hippocampal excitatory neurons in the lithium-pilocarpine model of acute elicited se... | yes |
converted_3856 | Does an antiphlogistic promotes inflammation? | The therapeutic effect of olipiphate was demonstrated for chronic inflammation of advanced arthritis and concanavalin A-related acute edema. The best systemic effect was obtained with 50 mg/kg, symptomatic--100 mg/kg. Skin wounds treated with 5% olipiphate (26 + 2) healed faster than those treated with 2% solcoseryl (3... | no |
converted_2232 | Is there any role of TBR1 in autism? | TBR1 regulates autism risk genes in the developing neocortex, Exome sequencing studies have identified multiple genes harboring de novo loss-of-function (LoF) variants in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), including TBR1, a master regulator of cortical development. We performed ChIP-seq for TBR1 during m... | yes |
converted_1203 | Is muscle regeneration possible in mdx mice with the use of induced mesenchymal stem cells? | Purified iMSCs displayed fibroblast-like morphology, formed three-dimensional spheroid structures, and expressed characteristic mesenchymal stem cell surface markers such as CD29, CD33, CD73, CD90, and CD105. Moreover, iMSCs were capable of differentiating into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Transpl... | yes |
converted_4098 | Is Nanog repressed in pluripotent stem cells? | Aggregation of embryonic stem cells induces Nanog repression and primitive endoderm differentiation, Interestingly, cell aggregation by itself induced Nanog repression at the outer layer, which was essential for aggregation-induced primitive endoderm formation, early embryonic development, when downregulation of Nanog ... | no |
converted_860 | Is hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents a hallmark of Fanconi anemia? | The Fanconi anemia (FA) core complex plays a central role in the DNA damage response network, FAAP100-deficient cells display hallmark features of FA cells, including defective FANCD2 monoubiquitination, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, and genomic instability., Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorde... | yes |
converted_1145 | Could RG7112 be used as cancer therapy? | RG7112 is a potent and selective member of the nutlin family of MDM2 antagonists currently in phase I clinical studies., Our findings offer a preclinical proof-of-concept that RG7112 is effective in treatment of solid tumors expressing wild-type p53., On the other hand, JNJ-26854165, a novel tryptamine derivative and R... | yes |
converted_4321 | Unlike DNA, RNA is not methylated, yes or no? | Mapping the position and quantifying the level of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) as a modification in different types of cellular RNA is an important objective in the field of epitranscriptomics., N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification on messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in ... | no |
converted_4357 | Is MEDI2228 a bispecific antibody? | We here delineated the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying novel immunomodulatory effects triggered by BCMA pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) antibody drug conjugate (ADC) MEDI2228 which can augment efficacy of these immunotherapies.[SEP]Relations: molecular system has relations: anatomy_anatomy with gABAergic syste... | no |
converted_2205 | Does the Abelson-related gene (ARG) gene encode for a serine kinase? | One isoform of Arg/Abl2 tyrosine kinase is nuclear and the other seven cytosolic isoforms differently modulate cell morphology, motility and the cytoskeleton., The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Abelson related gene (Arg/Abl2) regulates cell migration and morphogenesis by modulating the cytoskeleton. , The human Arg (Abl... | no |
converted_187 | Are proteasome inhibitors good candidates for treatment of leukemia and solid tumors? | We show that treatment with b-AP15 inhibited tumor progression in four different in vivo solid tumor models and inhibited organ infiltration in an acute myeloid leukemia model. Our results show that the deubiquitinating activity of the 19S regulatory particle is a new anticancer drug target, We further found that ATO t... | yes |
converted_124 | Is DITPA a thyroid hormone analog utilized in experimental and clinical studies | DITPA normalized the elevated serum T(3) and TSH when the dose reached 1 mg/kg · d and T(4) and rT(3) increased to the lower normal range., The identification of 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid (DITPA) that binds to both α- and β-type TRs with relatively low affinity was unique in that this analog improves left ventricul... | yes |
converted_275 | Is shotgun lipidomics the direct infusion of a lipid sample into a mass spectrometer? | In direct infusion/injection (or shotgun) lipidomics, An efficient shotgun lipidomics strategy was established and optimized for fast phospholipid profiling of viscera from three fish species: Lateolabrax japonicas, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, and Carassius auratus. This strategy relies on direct infusion of total lipid ... | yes |
converted_1129 | Is Wnt16b secreted in response to chemotherapy? | In this study, we found WNT16B could be expressed and secreted into the microenvironment by human ovarian fibroblasts after DNA damage-associated treatment, including chemotherapy drugs and radiation., In a recent article in Nature Medicine, Sun et al. show that increased expression of Wnt family member wingless-type ... | yes |
converted_4283 | Is AZD9668 a VEGF mRNA drug? | AZD9668, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, plus ongoing budesonide/formoterol in patients with COPD., AZD9668 is a reversible and selective inhibitor of NE, well tolerated at doses of 60 mg bid during Phase I/IIa development.[SEP]Relations: ELANE has relations: protein_protein with AZU1, protein_protein with AZU1, drug_... | no |
converted_2709 | Is lumican a secreted protein? | fibroblasts stimulated with the fibrocyte-secreted inflammatory signal tumor necrosis factor-α secrete the small leucine-rich proteoglycan lumican, TNF-α-stimulated fibroblasts secrete lumican to promote fibrocyte differentiation., Secreted 70kDa lumican stimulates growth and inhibits invasion of human pancreatic cance... | yes |
converted_3803 | Is Tcf3 associated with the Wnt pathway? | TCF3, a novel positive regulator of osteogenesis, plays a crucial role in miR-17 modulating the diverse effect of canonical Wnt signaling in different microenvironments, Furthermore, the role of miR-17 was because of its target gene TCF3 (transcription factor 3), a key transcription factor of canonical Wnt pathway., Co... | yes |
converted_2461 | Does Evolocumab improve cognitive function? | Conclusions In a randomized trial involving patients who received either evolocumab or placebo in addition to statin therapy, no significant between-group difference in cognitive function was observed over a median of 19 months. , Results A total of 1204 patients were followed for a median of 19 months; the mean (±SD) ... | no |
converted_3782 | Does radiotherapy for cervical cancer increases risk of colon cancer? | After 8 years, the hazard ratio for developing colon cancer was 2.00 (95% CI 1.43-2.80) for women with radiation versus those without radiation treatment., After 35 years of follow-up, the absolute risk of developing colon cancer was 6.5% for those who received radiation versus 2.5% for those without, and 3.7 versus 0.... | yes |
converted_3572 | Does the Mcm2-Ctf4-Polα axis play a role in transfer of histones to leading strand DNA at the replication forks? | The Mcm2-Ctf4-Polα Axis Facilitates Parental Histone H3-H4 Transfer to Lagging Strands., Although essential for epigenetic inheritance, the transfer of parental histone (H3-H4)2 tetramers that contain epigenetic modifications to replicating DNA strands is poorly understood. Here, we show that the Mcm2-Ctf4-Polα axis fa... | no |
converted_4514 | Do angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) increase the likelihood of severe COVID-19? | These findings suggest that the use of ACE-I and ARB is not associated with adverse outcomes and may be associated with improved outcomes in COVID-19, which is immediately relevant to care of the many patients on these medications., There are theoretical concerns that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) an... | no |
converted_4266 | Is cytokeratin a tumor marker? | cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its correlation with tumorigenesis and progression, cytokeratin fragment 19 (AUC=0.6882, p<0.0001) proved best in detecting relapse., The immunohistochemistry staining for cancer antigen 19-9, carcinoembryonic a... | yes |
converted_4400 | Does the royal jelly contain proteins? | We observed differences in the metabolome, proteome, and phytosterol compositions of royal jelly synthesized by nurse bees from multi-pesticide exposed colonies, including significant reductions of key nutrients such as 24-methylenecholesterol, major royal jelly proteins, and 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid. , Two-dimensi... | yes |
converted_366 | Is there an association between TERT promoter mutation and survival of glioblastoma patients? | Glioblastoma patients with TERT mutations showed a shorter survival than those without TERT mutations in univariate analysis (median, 9.3 vs. 10.5 months; P = 0.015) and multivariate analysis after adjusting for age and gender (HR 1.38, 95 % CI 1.01-1.88, P = 0.041). However, TERT mutations had no significant impact on... | yes |
converted_1530 | Does triiodothyronine stimulate red blood cell sodium potassium pump? | reduction in Na+,K+ATPase activity has been demonstrated in red blood cells (RBCs), as well as an inverse correlation between this enzymatic action and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels., The restoration of normal FT3 values also brings about a normalization of Na+,K+ATPase activity in erythrocytes., at hyperthyroid p... | no |
converted_277 | Is apixaban effective for treatment of acute venous thromboembolism? | Apixaban is a direct inhibitor of factor Xa, and is a potential alternative for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. , These results suggest a lack of clear superiority of apixaban relative to enoxaparin. Apixaban is an oral alternative with similar efficacy and safety to existing anticoagulant therapies., A ... | yes |
converted_1971 | Is golimumab effective for ulcerative colitis? | Initial experience with golimumab in clinical practice for ulcerative colitis., BACKGROUND: Golimumab is a TNF-blocking agent indicated as a second-line therapy in ulcerative colitis., CONCLUSIONS: In this short study, golimumab seems to be an alternative treatment in naive and non-naive anti-TNF ulcerative colitis pat... | yes |
converted_1059 | Are piRNAs involved in gene silencing? | In Drosophila ovaries, the nuclear Piwi protein is required for transcriptional silencing of transposons, though the precise mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown., Here we show that the CG9754 protein is a component of Piwi complexes that functions downstream of Piwi and its binding partner, Asterix, in transcri... | yes |
converted_188 | Is there any link between CTF4 and CTF18 during sister chromatid cohesion? | Our results suggest that Elg1, Ctf4, and Ctf18 may coordinate the relative movement of the replication fork with respect to the cohesin ring, These data defined two cohesion pathways, one containing CSM3, TOF1, CTF4, and CHL1, and the second containing MRC1, CTF18, CTF8, and DCC1, Here we show that three proteins requi... | yes |
converted_1745 | Are microtubules marked by glutamylation? | Together with detyrosination, glutamylation and other modifications, tubulin acetylation may form a unique 'language' to regulate microtubule structure and function., Glutamylation, the most prevalent tubulin posttranslational modification, marks stable microtubules and regulates recruitment and activity of microtubule... | yes |
converted_24 | Is Alu hypomethylation associated with breast cancer? | Alu and LINE-1 hypomethylation is associated with HER2 enriched subtype of breast cancer, In IBC, Alu hypomethylation correlated with negative estrogen receptor (ER) status, In survival analyses, low Alu methylation status tended to be associated with poor disease-free survival of the patients., Alu hypomethylation is ... | yes |
converted_340 | Is it feasible to determine the complete proteome of yeast? | or model organisms like yeast, we can now quantify complete proteomes in just a few hours., A complete mass-spectrometric map of the yeast proteome applied to quantitative trait analysis., So far, attempts to generate such maps for any proteome have failed to reach complete proteome coverage. Here we use a strategy bas... | yes |
converted_1563 | Are cyclophilins ubiquitously expressed? | Cyclophilin from Leishmania donovani (LdCyp) is a ubiquitous peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, Cyclophilins (CYPs) and FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) are ubiquitous proteins belonging to the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) family., However, their wide distribution and ubiquitous nature signifies their ... | yes |
converted_3753 | Is Bcl-2-like protein 1 an pro apoptotic protein? | Extensively established key effectors of such apoptotic bypass mechanisms, the antiapoptotic BCL-2 (apoptosis regulator BCL-2) proteins, determine the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutics, decreasing the expression of anti-apoptotic factors, including apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 and Bcl-2-like protein 1 in FaDu ... | no |
converted_3960 | Is avelumab effective for urothelial carcinoma? | ince then, additional checkpoint inhibitors, including avelumab, durvalumab, and nivolumab, have gained approval. , Avelumab, an anti-programmed death-ligand 1 monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma and platinum-treated urothelial carcinoma, was initially approved with a 10 m... | yes |
converted_2797 | Is selenocysteine an aminoacid? | Selenocysteine (Sec), a rare genetically encoded amino acid with unusual chemical properties, is of great interest for protein engineering., Selenocysteine (SeC) is a naturally available Se-containing amino acid that displays splendid anticancer activities against several human tumors. [SEP]Relations: Selenocysteine ha... | yes |
converted_4 | Is RANKL secreted from the cells? | Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble secreted factor that acts as a decoy receptor for receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) , Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a secreted glycoprotein and a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. It usually functions in bone remodeling, by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis thr... | yes |
converted_146 | Is SLC22A3 expressed in the brain? | The organic cation transporter (OCT) 3 is widely expressed in various organs in humans, and involved in the disposition of many exogenous and endogenous compounds. Several lines of evidence have suggested that OCT3 expressed in the brain plays an important role in the regulation of neurotransmission. , The organic cati... | yes |
converted_1564 | Are adenylyl cyclases always transmembrane proteins? | ransmembrane adenylyl cyclase, Transmembrane adenylyl cyclase (tmAC) and soluble AC (sAC) , Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is a recently recognized source of the signaling molecule cyclic AMP (cAMP) that is genetically and biochemically distinct from the classic G-protein-regulated transmembrane adenylyl cyclases (tmA... | no |
converted_2117 | Is Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome usually diagnosed in older adults? | We studied 15 LGS patients (mean age ± 1 standard deviation [SD] = 28.7 ± 10.6 years) and 17 healthy controls (mean age ± 1 SD = 27.6 ± 6.6 years), children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe pediatric epilepsy syndrome characterized by mixed seizures, cognitive decline, and genera... | no |
converted_524 | Is the protein β1-integrin recycled? | Pathways selectively regulating β1-integrin recycling are implicated in cancer invasion and metastasis,, integrin-positive early and recycling endosomes , LPA-induced recycling of β1 integrin,, RCP-mediated recycling of α5β1 integrin , CycD1 overexpression increased β1 integrin recycling , inhibition of autophagy slowe... | yes |
converted_926 | Is there a role for transcription factories in genome organization? | The mammalian nucleus is a highly complex structure that carries out a diverse range of functions such as DNA replication, cell division, RNA processing, and nuclear export/import. Many of these activities occur at discrete subcompartments that intersect with specific regions of the genome. Over the past few decades, e... | yes |
converted_63 | Are long non coding RNAs as conserved in sequence as protein coding genes? | Most lncRNAs are under lower sequence constraints than protein-coding genes and lack conserved secondary structures, making it hard to predict them computationally., hey are under stronger selective pressure than neutrally evolving sequences-particularly in their promoter regions, which display levels of selection comp... | no |
converted_4145 | Is atenolol metabolized by CYP2D6? | The study analysed the prescribing and dispensing of CYP2D6 drugs (metoprolol, donepezil, galantamine, codeine, tamoxifen) together with CYP2D6-blocking SSRIs (paroxetine/fluoxetine) or SSRIs without significant CYP2D6 inhibition (citalopram/escitalopram/sertraline), and the related prescribing of CYP2D6-independent co... | no |
converted_2549 | Are stress granules membraneous? | PMLOs are different in size, shape, and composition, and almost invariantly contain intrinsically disordered proteins (e.g., eIF4B and TDP43 in stress granules,, Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of RNA-binding proteins plays an important role in the formation of multiple membrane-less organelles involved in RNA me... | no |
converted_4219 | Can thiotepa be recommended for treatment of osteosarcoma? | CONCLUSION: Adjuvant HDTp failed to significantly improve OS and PFS in resectable relapsed osteosarcomas. Despite a trend of prolonged survival and an acceptable toxicity, thiotepa cannot be recommended.KEY MESSAGE: HDTp and autologous transplantation added to SCT did not improve OS and PFS in patients with resectable... | no |
converted_1981 | Does the hERG gene code for a protein which is part of a sodium channel? | The human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG 1a) potassium channel is critical for cardiac repolarization, Human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channels conduct delayed rectifier K(+) current. , The KvLQT1 and minK genes code the slowly activating, delayed rectifier (Iks) potassium channel, the HERG gene code the rap... | no |
converted_4606 | Is REGN5458 a single-targeted antibody? | CD3-engaging bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are potent therapeutic approaches for redirecting patient T cells to recognize and kill tumors. Here we describe a fully human bsAb (REGN5458) that binds to B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and CD3, and compare its antitumor activiti... | no |
converted_2390 | Is Loss of function one of the cardinal signs of inflammation? | The concept of the four cardinal signs of acute inflammation comes from antiquity as rubor et tumor cum calore et dolore, (redness and swelling with heat and pain) extended later by functio laesa (loss of function)., As early as 2000 years ago, the Roman encyclopaedist Aulus Cornelius Celsus recognised four cardinal si... | yes |
converted_3897 | Can Freund's complete adjuvant induce arthritis? | complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced RA, The RA model was established using Freund's complete adjuvant, , Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA; 1 mg/0.1 ml paraffin oil), injected subcutaneously on days 0, 30 and 40, The rats were made arthritic using a subcutaneous injection wi... | yes |
converted_3183 | Are protamines ubiquitously expressed? | Protamines are nuclear proteins which are specifically expressed in haploid male germ cells.[SEP]Relations: Protamine has relations: drug_effect with Inflammatory abnormality of the skin, drug_effect with Inflammatory abnormality of the skin, drug_effect with Fever, drug_effect with Fever, drug_effect with Agitation, d... | no |
converted_573 | Are there telemedicine applications for chronic pain management? | An integrated cognitive-behavioral and physical therapy group protocol has been developed and then implemented at remote sites using videoconferencing technology to provide pain management for veterans. , Tele-pain management: use of videoconferencing technology in the delivery of an integrated cognitive-behavioral and... | yes |
converted_4315 | Is Keutel syndrome a common genetic disorder? | Keutel syndrome (OMIM 245150) is a very rare syndrome , Keutel syndrome is a rare autosomal-recessive condition characterized by abnormal cartilage calcification., MGP-deficiency in humans leads to Keutel syndrome, a rare genetic disease hallmarked by abnormal soft tissue calcification. [SEP]Relations: LADD syndrome ha... | no |
converted_3337 | Are Spinal Intradural Primary Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors(MPNST) rare in neurofibromatosis patients? | Spinal intradural primary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are rare in patients without neurofibromatosis., Primary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are extremely rare in patients without a history of neurofibromatosis; only 18 cases have been reported in the English-language literature... | no |
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