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assessing human behavior…I pay a lot of attention to body language and what it’s saying because it’s telling me a story that’s so much greater than the words that are going to come out of someone’s mouth.” Matt spoke of taking an active role in watching: “I noticed his hours…I do walk-throughs…I’m an observer…I just do... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.398 | 0.87 | ["management", "salary"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850472 | [
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ching objective is to keep her focused on the things that…um…behaviors and habits and projects that she needs to focus on to be successful.” Randy alluded to providing resources stating, “And at the same time providing the resources, which is what I do for anybody that reports to me, providing the resources that she ne... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.42 | 0.734 | ["career"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850506 | [
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t have yet or what she does have or does not have, and then we figure out together ok are we going to get you the resources.” Eleven of the 12 managers spoke of their fostering a professional learning environment resulting in 27 references about the behavior. Four subthemes were identified including fostering a learnin... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.484 | 0.844 | ["education", "leadership", "management", "career"] | 434 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850531 | [
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ly scheduling meetings , and leading by example . This theme is illustrated through the following sample of quotes: Charles fosters his employee’s learning by asking the employee to self-reflect by “helping her think through her strategies and tactics, and basically just questioning her, in a constructive way, on her t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.559 | 0.71 | ["leadership", "decision_making", "education"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850561 | [
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down a rabbit hole…” Brooke mentioned holding meetings and what happens in those meetings as well to aid in her employee’s learning. She said, “Every week, we sit down on what we call a one-on-one…I just simply asked her, ‘I have a feeling this is how you learn, am I right? Do you agree with this?’” Philip described no... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.496 | 0.888 | ["philosophy", "education"] | 510 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850607 | [
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and when that does not happen, we’ll schedule it another time or at the very least, touch base at another time during the week…if she runs into road blocks in between, she’ll call me and if I need an update or get curious or have some random idea, I’ll call her.” Noel depicts the behavior of listening saying “I spend a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.512 | 0.892 | ["management"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850637 | [
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telling me.” Ten of the 12 managers spoke of empowering and developing employees resulting in 35 references about the behavior. Three subthemes were identified including empowering others , promoting and developing employees , and teaching technical skill . This theme is demonstrated through the following sample of quo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.488 | 0.86 | ["management", "career"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850663 | [
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expect everyone to work here forever…so if there, especially if there are training, educational, self-improvement opportunities we can help with that have an overlap…in this skill set and will help at [organization name] and will help you in your future position, even if it’s kind of custom for them or specific to them... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.556 | 0.722 | ["career", "education"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850687 | [
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s employee for his career development and said, “I want you to start paying attention to this environment as a whole, not just the production part that you are overseeing” because “more than likely, he is going to be the guy I move into overseeing, maybe, the whole operation.” Scott spoke of teaching his employee techn... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.517 | 0.732 | ["career", "salary", "philosophy"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850711 | [
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…probably showing him how to do some of that and make some of his life easier, you know.” Seven of the 12 managers spoke of fostering open, relational communication resulting in 21 references about the behavior. Three subthemes were identified including establishing rapport through trust and communication , adjusting s... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.38 | 0.854 | ["communication", "management"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850737 | [
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tted establishing rapport saying, “Quite frankly a lot of times, I do not know what to do either, let us just talk it out, let us figure it out, and maybe between the two of us [manager and employee], we will come up with something.” Charles also illustrated adjusting style by saying, “The approach is similar, but it i... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.487 | 0.872 | ["communication", "management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850760 | [
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themes emerged from the Employees’ Perspectives as Coachees of Managers’ Enacted Behaviors as Coaches . The broad themes include empowers and develops employees , fosters open, relational communication ; fosters professional learning environment ; managing employees in role as developmental manager ; and one that will ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.636 | 0.838 | ["management", "education", "communication", "career"] | 456 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850785 | [
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emes are listed in Table 4 in order of frequency. Twelve of the 12 employees spoke of their managers’ behaviors of empowering and developing employees resulting in 48 references about the behavior. Six subthemes were identified including developing employees, including others in problem solving , exhibiting patience-fo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.41 | 0.85 | ["management", "education"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850808 | [
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of quotes: Kyle acknowledged, “He [manager] was in touch with every person and always would be promoting other people and trying to get them to be better.” Kyle opined, “I think she pushes me to be at my full potential, where she constantly says I’m still not there yet, like she thinks I can do something…I know there a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.671 | 0.888 | ["management", "education"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850831 | [
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to try to get other people to talk about why they thought it wasn’t working right. Helping people get on board with the fix rather than just stand around griping about how it should run better.” Daisy demonstrated her manager exhibiting patience-forgiveness stating, “[Manager] is now like, send us your success stories,... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.483 | 0.876 | ["management"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850858 | [
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.” Penny said, “[Manager] is very patient and understanding.” Carla spoke of her manager trusting her by mentioning, “It took over a year learning to trust each other in order for that level of communication to happen” Daisy stated, “[Manager] does not try to change me or my behavior to be something that I’m not.” Penn... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.513 | 0.866 | ["management", "communication", "education"] | 476 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850881 | [
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nything else I can do for you…How can I help you? Do you need anything from me?’” Natalie and Daisy illustrated the subtheme of managers participating in business saying, “[Manager] was over there for the week. She stood in the…meetings; she stood in speaking to family members; she stood in; everything aside from actua... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.52 | 0.866 | ["management", "communication", "career", "family"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850906 | [
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lational communication resulting in 44 references about the behavior. Five subthemes were identified including accepting-soliciting feedback , communicating expectations , listening , communicating managerial beliefs , and encouraging questions . This theme is illustrated through the following sample of quotes: Tammy p... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.388 | 0.844 | ["communication", "management"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850929 | [
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dback…he wants the feedback.” Carla mentioned, “[Manager] is the owner and CEO; and, if you are in a meeting with me, you would think I was part owner because of the way he treats me. Everyone in our company is allowed to have a voice and an opinion and communicate.” Natalie said her manager encourages questions and co... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.393 | 0.86 | ["management", "communication"] | 469 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850953 | [
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estment.” Allison stated, “She [manager] listens. She makes sure she understands what someone else is feeling…she’s a real feeler.” Eleven of the 12 employees spoke of their managers fostering professional learning environments resulting in 21 references about the behavior. Four subthemes were identified including inte... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.396 | 0.818 | ["management", "leadership", "career", "education"] | 415 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.850978 | [
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mple , teaching verbally , and being accessible . This theme is demonstrated through the following sample of quotes: Allison described her manager executing a more unstructured method of fostering a professional learning environment stating, “[Manager’s] style of teaching is to model. She models the behavior that she e... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.584 | 0.864 | ["management", "career", "education"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.851002 | [
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done I the past…But just him telling me about some of the stuff that went on at [former company]…and listen to him talk about how he worked with people to get around a problem…a lot of different things he’s just told me as we sit around talking sticks in my head as methods to get around a problem.” Roger described his ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.472 | 0.732 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.851026 | [
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y subject that has to do with the company, it certainly lends a level of comfort to my daily life.” Nine of the 12 employees spoke of their managers’ developmental management of employees as a part of their managerial roles resulting in 20 references about the behavior. Three subthemes were identified including providi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.411 | 0.856 | ["management"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.851065 | [
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remarked about his manager providing feedback-correction, “[Manager’s] given me advice on improving my communication, executive communication, board, different layers of communication you have.” Tammy spoke of her manager prioritizing stating, “[Manager] helps me reign it in, he helps me figure out my priority list and... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.542 | 0.852 | ["management", "communication"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.851104 | [
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ways tells people… ‘You’re telling yourself a story. Where did you base that off of? Are you telling yourself a story?’” 3.1.1. Managers’ commitment to learning Eleven of the 12 managers also spoke of their commitment to self-learning , a behavior that does not necessarily directly facilitate the learning of their empl... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.383 | 0.706 | ["education", "management"] | 500 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.851133 | [
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tly facilitates the learning of his/her employee. Matt admitted, “…anytime I learn something from one of my subordinates, I take it as a…I log it to myself as a resource. In other words, if I learn from them in one area now, they are a resource for me.” Ken stated, “…alright, we got into this situation where one of the... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.384 | 0.888 | ["war_conflict", "education"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.851158 | [
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ilers, and things that could have had an impact on my own performance; and as I learned more about that, and I’ve had a lot of opportunity to have some good coaching from some executive coaches, it’s allowed me to become a better manager by maybe, de-railing less, being a better communicator, working better with others... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.596 | 0.72 | ["management", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.851182 | [
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ced learning resulting in 4 references about the behavior. This behavior was separated into a different theme from the managers’ perspectives because of the indirect relationship the managers’ enactment of self-learning has on employees’ learning. However, when perceived by the employee, managers’ self-induced learning... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.418 | 0.836 | ["management", "education", "networking"] | 478 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.851219 | [
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He disclosed, “W | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10797112/ | Managerial coaches’ enacted behaviors and the beliefs that guide them: perspectives from managers and their coachees - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.491 | 0.556 | [] | 16 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.851242 | [
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Front Psychiatry . 2021 Jul 9;12:667200. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.667200 Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification Stefanie Richter Stefanie Richter 1 Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany Find articles by Stefanie Richter 1 , Llewellyn... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.63 | 0.832 | ["management", "crisis", "education", "philosophy"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973030 | [
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rlands 3 Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University Vaal Triangle Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa 4 Department of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands 5 Department of Social Psychology, Institut für Psychologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Find articles ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.539 | 0.7 | ["education", "management"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973175 | [
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derbijlpark, South Africa 6 Department of Applied Psychology, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong 7 Department of Work, Organisational and Personnel Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Find articles by Lara C Roll 3, 6, 7 , Marius W Stander Marius W Stander 3 Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University V... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.545 | 0.702 | ["education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973232 | [
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nformation 1 Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany 2 Human Performance Management, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands 3 Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University Vaal Triangle Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa 4 Department... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.562 | 0.676 | ["education", "management", "philosophy", "crisis"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973278 | [
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University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 6 Department of Applied Psychology, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong 7 Department of Work, Organisational and Personnel Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Edited by: Wenjie Duan, East China University of Science and Technology, China Reviewed by: Cristina Torrelles-Nada... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.54 | 0.668 | ["education"] | 432 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973309 | [
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University, China ✉ *Correspondence: Llewellyn E. van Zyl llewellyn101@gmail.com This article was submitted to Public Mental Health, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry Received 2021 Feb 17; Accepted 2021 Jun 11; Collection date 2021. Copyright © 2021 Richter, van Zyl, Roll and Stander. This is an open-acc... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.483 | 0.824 | ["innovation", "education"] | 412 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973338 | [
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the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.6 | 0.848 | ["innovation"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973366 | [
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chological coaching (PPC) has emerged as a popular “paradigm” for practitioners interested in the professional development of people. A recent review consolidated the literature on PPC and produced a 5-phase positive psychological coaching model aimed at facilitating professional growth. However, little is known about ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.475 | 0.84 | ["career"] | 490 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973394 | [
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tools and techniques could be employed to do so). As such, the purpose of this systematic review was to address this limitation by (a) determining which coaching tools and techniques are proposed within the coaching literature and (b) classifying the identified tools and techniques into the respective phases of PPC mod... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.638 | 0.85 | ["communication"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973420 | [
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d by an iterative heuristic classification process (to assign these PPC tools/techniques to a known PPC model). The systematic literature review resulted in 24 peer-reviewed publications on positive psychological coaching, providing 117 different coaching tools that could be condensed into 18 overarching coaching techn... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.648 | 0.822 | [] | 436 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973456 | [
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ques and tools are useful in at least two phases. Interestingly, experts still vary in opinion on the timing and application of these specific techniques and tools within the positive psychological coaching process. This study provides researchers and practitioners with practical guidelines to facilitate a positive psy... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.644 | 0.83 | ["resume", "education"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973483 | [
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ive psychological interventions, strengths based coaching Introduction Positive psychological coaching (PPC) has emerged as a popular “paradigm” for practitioners interested in the professional development of people ( 1 ). This popularization was fuelled by the scientific advancements in positive psychology in the earl... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.637 | 0.7 | ["career"] | 490 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973510 | [
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rather than on “fixing what is wrong” ( 2 , 3 ). This approach seemed to be favored by both practitioners and clients as it promotes growth, optimizes psychological strengths, and shifts the focus away from addressing psychopathology or professional inefficiencies ( 4 , 5 ). From this perspective, it positions personal... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.566 | 0.85 | ["communication", "career", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 459 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973537 | [
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ilization of one's signature strengths ( 6 , 7 ). This, in turn, largely removes the stigma attached to the use of psychological services and lowers the threshold for utilization/participation ( 8 ). It is, therefore, not surprising that PPC has become a buzzword within the modern-day coaching practitioner's lexicon ( ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.48 | 0.862 | ["philosophy"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973572 | [
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positive psychology or a “paradigm” is still in its infancy ( 10 ). Even though the concept's origins can be traced back to a chapter by Kauffman and Scoular almost two decades ago ( 6 ), the scientific discourse on PPC is still largely centered around its conceptualization ( 10 ), the differentiation between other typ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.438 | 0.702 | [] | 422 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973617 | [
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m counseling, mentoring, and therapy ( 11 , 12 ). A study has shown that at least 24 different definitions of PPC exist in the scientific literature, with less than a 20% overlap in common elements between these definitions ( 10 ). From these definitions, a myriad of positive psychological coaching approaches or models... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.625 | 0.872 | ["education"] | 501 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973655 | [
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ching ( 14 ) and quality of life coaching ( 15 ). Each coaching model provides a different means to distinguish itself from others, which further distracts from what fundamentally constitutes PPC and what tools or techniques are considered “positive.” Some authors argue in favor of this inconsistency and state that “ d... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.452 | 0.86 | [] | 501 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973681 | [
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ignifies growth or development in the discipline. Whereas, others argue these inconsistencies in fundamental components of a scientific concept signify an invalid concept or that it leads to a fragmentation in the scientific discourse on the subject matter ( 17 ). Some level of agreement in the fundamental principles o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.387 | 0.86 | ["communication", "negotiation", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973708 | [
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ration of its function within the larger psychological system, and empirical verification ( 17 , 18 ). For PPC to distinguish itself from other approaches to coaching and to develop as a science, there needs to be an objective, generally accepted, well-researched, organized body of knowledge supporting PPC's scientific... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.618 | 0.864 | ["education"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973735 | [
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the effectiveness of PPC interventions as they are not built on validated evidence-based theoretical frameworks ( 20 ). A recent systematic literature review by Van Zyl et al. ( 10 ) aimed to consolidate the literature on PPC to develop an integrated definition and model thereof. They found that PPC can be defined as “... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.434 | 0.854 | ["networking", "career", "economy"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973762 | [
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sation and development of personal/psychological strengths and resources in order to enhance positive states, traits and behaviors. Utilizing Socratic goal setting and positive psychological evidence-based approaches facilitate personal/professional growth, optimal functioning, enhanced well-being, the actualization of... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.427 | 0.834 | ["career"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973789 | [
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he authors constructed a clear, demarcated coaching model comprised of five sequential coaching phases, supported by three continuous processes (c.f. Figure 1 ). Figure 1. Open in a new tab The positive psychological coaching model (PPCM) ( 10 ). Van Zyl et al. ( 10 ) found that a PPC process follows a logical and sequ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.469 | 0.84 | ["networking", "career"] | 436 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973814 | [
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ship between the client and coach is established. Here, the coach attempts to establish rapport and engages in various activities such as job shadowing to understand the nature of the clients work and how he/she fits into the organization's vision ( Creating the Relationship ). Second, the coach employs both strengths-... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.452 | 0.826 | ["philosophy", "strategy", "networking", "career", "family"] | 438 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973841 | [
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ues to identify the client's signature strengths. Here the aim is to provide the client with feedback on his/her strengths and to facilitate the development of a mindset of strengths use ( Strengths Profiling and Feedback ). Third, the client is facilitated to explicitly develop a clear picture of his/her perfect futur... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.581 | 0.852 | ["strategy", "philosophy"] | 463 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973871 | [
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positive functioning ( Developing Ideal Vision ). Fourth, the client identifies strategic goals centered around his/her strengths and develops action strategies that would bring him/her closer to the ideal vision ( Realistic Goal Setting, Strategizing And Execution Around Strengths ). Finally, the client is prepared fo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.632 | 0.844 | ["strategy", "networking"] | 495 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973897 | [
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coaching process and whether all goals were met. These phases are supported by three continuous processes that (a) aid in transferring the skills learned during the coaching process into the work environment ( Learning Transfer ), (b) continuous evaluation of the effectiveness of the coaching process through tracking b... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.652 | 0.704 | ["education"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973921 | [
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g strengths, and helping to frame meaning ( Empowerment ). Although Van Zyl et al. ( 10 ) addressed the need for a consolidated definition- and a process-orientated positive psychological coaching model, it is unclear how each phase of the model can be operationalised in practice. Operationalisation of a theoretical mo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.419 | 0.872 | ["communication"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973945 | [
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why components in a model relate, and (d) what approaches, tools or techniques are required to activate each component ( 21 ). Once all four of these factors are theoretically confirmed, a model can be subjected to empirical validation. Van Zyl et al. ( 10 ) addressed the first three of these components but failed to d... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.422 | 0.872 | ["communication"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973969 | [
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efined as instruments or measures that have set procedural guidelines that have been validated for use within a given coaching context ( 22 ). This may include psychometric assessment measures or validated self-administered intentional activities. Coaching techniques, on the other hand, refer to a specific technique su... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.537 | 0.83 | ["family"] | 420 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.973994 | [
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could employ during the coaching process ( 23 ). Within the PPC literature, very little evidence exists about the specific tools and techniques that are explicitly applicable or considered “positive.” Further, no clear differentiation between the tools or techniques are made and thus used interchangeably in PPC researc... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.488 | 0.852 | [] | 498 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974018 | [
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es employ to support the growth of their clients. Although, no broad classification framework for PPC tools/techniques exists, there are mentions of specific tools and techniques that positive psychological coaches could employ to facilitate the development of clients. Specific tools that are mentioned in the literatur... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.427 | 0.85 | ["family", "philosophy"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974043 | [
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y; the Realise2; the Skills Finder 2.0), as well as various self-administered intentional activities (or “self-help tools”) used to support the development of positive states/behaviors (e.g., the gratitude visit). Other techniques primarily relate to the use of behavioral strategies or psychological cues that facilitat... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.54 | 0.84 | [] | 478 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974075 | [
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heir narratives from victims to survivors ( 25 ). Despite such, no academic literatures exists that provide a comprehensive guide to, nor explanation of, the tools/techniques positive psychological coaches do or could employ during the coaching process ( 10 , 26 ). This problem is further fuelled by the lack of clear c... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.528 | 0.852 | [] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974110 | [
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readily available for positive psychological coaches to use within the coaching process, nor in which phase of the coaching process their use would be the most appropriate. As such, the purpose of this paper was to identify which positive psychological coaching tools and techniques positive psychological coaching resea... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.66 | 0.836 | [] | 421 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974137 | [
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e various phases of Van Zyl et al.'s PPCM ( 10 ). First, a systematic review was used to determine which coaching tools and techniques are suggested in the literature. Second, an iterative heuristic classification process was employed to classify each of the identified tools/techniques into the respective phases of the... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.62 | 0.838 | ["education"] | 435 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974170 | [
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both a practice domain and scientific framework. Methods Research Approach The research approach consisted of a systematic literature review (to identify PPC tools/techniques), followed by a three-step, iterative heuristic classification process to classify the most commonly used coaching tools/techniques into the vari... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.619 | 0.844 | [] | 492 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974211 | [
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an answer to a clearly defined research question. This is done through systematically identifying, selecting, and critically evaluating available research on a certain topic ( 28 ). In the present systematic review, the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)” guidelines were follow... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.509 | 0.844 | [] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974242 | [
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klist of components, which are reported within the systematic literature review. The PRISMA checklist is provided in S2 Checklist. Following those guidelines, a clear extraction and classification taxonomy aligned to the purpose of this study was developed and systematically applied ( 28 ). Once the tools and technique... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.622 | 0.836 | ["education"] | 466 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974283 | [
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s into the different phases of the coaching mode. The first step involved an independent classification by all four authors, the second consisted of independent classifications by six experts in the field of coaching psychology and in the third step all ratings were combined and discussed, resulting in the final classi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.661 | 0.852 | ["strategy"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974326 | [
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in the following bibliographic databases: ACM Digital Library, PsychInfo, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. A total of nine primary search terms were entered: “positive psychology coaching,” “strengths coaching,” “strengths-based coaching,” “positive coaching,” “positive therapy at work,” “positive personal de... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.578 | 0.826 | [] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974354 | [
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subsequently and secondly conducted a search with a combination of each primary term with the secondary terms “model OR process OR theory OR program” (e.g., “positive psychology coaching” AND “model OR process OR theory OR program”). We identified 2252 titles from the year 2000 up until June 2019 ( Figure 2 shows the f... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.413 | 0.862 | [] | 508 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974379 | [
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or the literature search seemed most appropriate. Figure 2. Open in a new tab Flow chart of studies identified, included and excluded. Eligibility Criteria This review aimed to identify academic peer-reviewed, theoretical articles with a focus on positive coaching psychology. Specifically, for inclusion in the present ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.454 | 0.844 | [] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974401 | [
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ction, (2) centered around positive coaching psychology, (3) aligned with the theoretical approach of positive psychology but could emerge from any field of application (e.g., sports or business), (4) written in English, (5) published in journals that were ISI, Web of Science and Scopus listed, (6) published between 20... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.634 | 0.852 | ["resume"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974430 | [
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ages other than English; (2) non-peer-reviewed books and articles (e.g., popular psychology or management books), (3) manuscripts focusing on developing instruments, empirical work or coaching intervention validations, (4) unpublished master and doctoral theses, (5) textbooks and conference proceedings, (6) publication... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.632 | 0.828 | ["management", "career"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974457 | [
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tions with a focus on positive coaching outcomes, and (8) publications that do not include the specific use of tools/techniques/interventions 1 . Study Selection Following the systematic literature search, studies were selected in four distinct phases involving all four authors. In the first phase, we screened all titl... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.641 | 0.844 | ["education"] | 482 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974483 | [
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d in the first phase were extracted and screened. The full papers were screened in the third phase, and a final decision was made regarding their inclusion. In the fourth and final phase, the complete list of identified publications was sent to five academics, who are experts in positive psychology and positive coachin... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.619 | 0.858 | ["decision_making"] | 500 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974508 | [
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terature search provided 2,252 hits ( Figure 2 ). Once duplicates were removed, 1,020 unique titles were revealed. A total of 895 publications were removed based on titles, 80 publications after screening their abstracts, and 21 manuscripts after reading the full texts. Ten manuscripts were excluded based on violating ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.421 | 0.846 | [] | 507 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974530 | [
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the consequences of positive psychology coaching. Four papers were excluded as the focus was either on general coaching or on positive psychology, but not on their combination of the two. Two abstracts were initially selected because they contained our keywords. Yet, they were later excluded when the main text did not ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.474 | 0.852 | [] | 486 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974552 | [
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t and hence the remaining chapters were excluded. As such, 24 articles were identified and included in the final selection. Each of these 24 articles was reviewed and the tools, techniques or interventions mentioned were extracted. All 24 articles were deemed relevant for further analysis (see Appendix ). Data Recordin... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.354 | 0.834 | [] | 438 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974573 | [
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and captured onto a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet. Subsequently, thematic content analysis ( 30 ) was applied because this procedure allowed the quantification of large amounts of textual information ( 31 ). This procedure has the advantages that (a) it is non-intrusive ( 32 ), (b) flexible ( 30 ), and (c) allows for the... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.341 | 0.836 | ["philosophy"] | 419 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974598 | [
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s of frequencies and percentages (Van Zyl, 2013). Still, this analysis carries the same types of limitations as traditional nominal-oriented measurement techniques ( 33 ). For the data analysis, we followed best practice guidelines as outlined by Miles and Huberman ( 34 ), who recommend the following six steps: First, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.464 | 0.864 | [] | 507 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974620 | [
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itial codes are generated based on data features. Third, those codes are clustered into potential themes according to their similar characteristics. Fourth, the researchers revisited the themes to generate a thematic map based on the frequency of occurrence. Fifth, analyses are refined to ensure coherence between defin... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.324 | 0.828 | [] | 431 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974642 | [
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combined based on their frequency of occurrence. Following these steps, the researchers derived the most common techniques or tools employed in positive coaching presented in Table 1 . Table 1. Common positive psychological coaching tools and techniques. Technique (frequency) Brief description Positive psychological co... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.639 | 0.834 | [] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974665 | [
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vention strategies to aid in developing positive states, traits and behaviors through encouraging deliberate practice outside the coaching sessions (e.g., Gratitude visit). • Gratitude visit • Writing letters of gratitude • Counting one's blessing • Practicing optimism • Performing acts of kindness • Using one's streng... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.586 | 0.85 | ["ethics", "war_conflict", "faith_spirituality", "philosophy"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974703 | [
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lves • Recommending books from positive psychology researchers • Positive journaling • Generating a favor bank • Three good things activity • Daily savoring task • Best-possible self-activity • Using an optimism-building exercise • Having a strengths date: choosing a companion and identifying as well as utilizing stren... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.54 | 0.706 | ["strategy", "family"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974746 | [
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reating a strengths family tree • Writing a life summary • Reflecting on the meaning of daily activities • Keeping a gratitude journal • String of pearls intervention • Strengths-based journaling Strength-focused psychometric assessments f = 15 Employing various forms of psychometric assessments, or simulations exercis... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.535 | 0.818 | ["family", "philosophy"] | 417 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974775 | [
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client (e.g., VIA Signature Strengths Inventory). • Positive 360-degree evaluation • VIA Signature Strengths Inventory • Projective techniques • Gallup-Clifton Strengths Finder 2.0 • Realise2 • Assessing and tracking positive states, traits and strengths. Guided self-reflection f = 14 Employing validated tools to aid t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.557 | 0.666 | ["philosophy"] | 429 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974801 | [
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l, strengths or solutions to manifested problems. Insights are developed under the supervision of a coach (e.g., History of the Future Exercise). • Sense checking—status checking • Reflect upon previous achievements and accomplishments • Appreciative questions to encourage individuals to relive past events where they f... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.409 | 0.858 | ["strategy"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974827 | [
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mself in the shoes of a mentor he emulates • BEARS (barriers to change, evidence of behavior and overcome barriers, resources needed for success, and strengths a client can draw upon). • Change, specific actions to accomplish the dream • Reflecting on the purpose of positive emotion • Raising awareness for the contribu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.562 | 0.722 | ["war_conflict"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974851 | [
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, change or leave principle” • Reflecting on past failures while attributing them externally • Reflecting on past success while attributing them internally • Reflecting on how problems were solved in the past • Values from a list: sort a deck of value cards into different piles according to how much each value printed ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.698 | 0.726 | ["ethics"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974875 | [
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e short- and long-term goals in different life domains (e.g., SMART goals). • Applying CASIO brainstorming strategy • Using the Wheel of Life domains as a Brainstorming framework • Set SMART Goals and Objectives • Set two value informed, achievable, long- term, and short- term approach type goals in different life area... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.384 | 0.87 | ["strategy", "ethics", "philosophy"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974899 | [
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of the future Strengths spotting f = 9 Refers to tools centered around active, deliberate, and constructive attempts to identify the manifested strengths of oneself or others (e.g., Strengths Camera). • Strengths-Spotting / Listening for Strengths • Strengths-based interview • The Strengths Camera (Strengths ID): list ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.344 | 0.856 | ["interview"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974923 | [
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th, or implementing that value in the last 30 days • Strengths Map: Map how strengths can be used to achieve goals Strengths utilization and development f = 9 Explore ways through which clients' strengths could be intentionally activated both at home and at work. • Explore new ways to use strengths • Exploring ways to ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.565 | 0.734 | ["family"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.974959 | [
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trengths in the service of something or someone the person believes is worth fighting for Creating a personal development plan f = 7 It is a strategic personal/ professional development map which translates strength development, developmental needs, and personal/professional goals into an actionable, implementable, and... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.569 | 0.854 | ["strategy", "career"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.975000 | [
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him or her implement the plan and adapt it over time • Developing an action plan on how to build relationships and with whom • Developing a strategy for developing competencies • Identify specific competencies which need to develop in order to effectively manage the presented challenges, or highlighting the personal/pr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.535 | 0.712 | ["strategy", "crisis", "networking", "career"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.975036 | [
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be measured and implement an action tracker Building relationships and establishing rapport f = 6 Tools employed to develop a psychological contract between all stakeholders within the coaching process and to ensure a psychologically safe environment conducive to development (e.g., SOLER; Clarify expectations between c... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.649 | 0.842 | ["communication", "decision_making", "networking", "economy"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.975063 | [
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0.0... | ||
ve collaborative solutions • PEARLS: Partnership examples, Emotion/Empathy, Appreciation or apology, Respect, Legitimation, Support autonomy • Focus on what is going right and not what's going wrong • Establishing a psychological contract • Appreciative interviewing • Awareness on the 10, 40, 50% principle • Using curi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.547 | 0.698 | ["interview", "war_conflict", "economy"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.975088 | [
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reframe negative experiences in a positive manner or problems as opportunities (e.g., Telling stories as a survivor rather than a victim). • Retell stories as survivors, not victims • Finding 15 positive things about a person who has done something hurtful • Reframe failures into learning opportunities • Appreciative i... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.542 | 0.864 | ["interview", "education"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.975113 | [
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to reframe situations (look for the positive) Resource activation f = 5 Guiding the client to rediscover and utilize existing but neglected personal, social, or environmental resources or energizing activities (e.g., reflecting upon past engaging activities). • Exploring engaging activities • Identifying areas of flow ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.605 | 0.848 | ["communication", "crisis"] | 511 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.975137 | [
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e listening) f = 5 Coaching communication skills employed that can aid clients to access their deepest thoughts, facilitate the development of self-insight and aids in creating an empowering environment conducive to change (e.g., Active listening). • Framing questions in a positive, constructive manner (Positively Infu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.609 | 0.836 | ["communication"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.975171 | [
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, basic behavioral observation skills, nudging and influencing) • Solution-building conversations • Use affirmations to help the client more fully recognize and appreciate his or her effort, values, or achievement Encouraging active skill development f = 4 Developmental interventions aimed at enhancing specific skills ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8298836/ | Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.612 | 0.83 | ["ethics"] | 512 | Coaching and Development | topic | 2026-03-26T01:04:15.975209 | [
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0.013214710168540478,
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0.088... |
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