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Heliyon . 2022 Nov 15;8(11):e11488. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11488 Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers Fotis Kitsios Fotis Kitsios a Department of Applied Informatics, University of Macedonia, 156 Egnatia Str., 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece Find articles by Fotis Kitsio... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.687 | 0.662 | ["management", "education", "philosophy"] | 437 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.054834 | [
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mics and Management, Open University Cyprus, P.O. Box 12794, Nicosia, 2252, Cyprus Find articles by Eumorfia Papageorgiou b , Maria Kamariotou Maria Kamariotou a Department of Applied Informatics, University of Macedonia, 156 Egnatia Str., 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece Find articles by Maria Kamariotou a , Nikolaos A Per... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.85 | ["education", "philosophy", "management"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.054933 | [
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rticles by Nikolaos A Perifanis a , Michael A Talias Michael A Talias b Faculty of Economics and Management, Open University Cyprus, P.O. Box 12794, Nicosia, 2252, Cyprus Find articles by Michael A Talias b, ∗ Author information Article notes Copyright and License information a Department of Applied Informatics, Univer... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.852 | ["education", "philosophy", "management"] | 509 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.054968 | [
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94, Nicosia, 2252, Cyprus ∗ Corresponding author. michael.talias@ouc.ac.cy Received 2022 Jul 11; Revised 2022 Oct 15; Accepted 2022 Nov 4; Collection date 2022 Nov. © 2022 The Author(s) This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). PMC Copyright notice PMCID: PMC9... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.69 | ["innovation", "resume"] | 511 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.054997 | [
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o emotionally understand the human resources they manage and how to best handle people, situations and infrastructures. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the EI levels of healthcare executives (senior, middle and junior executives), in the field of health, in relation to sex. An EI Scale Assessment Questionna... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.688 | 0.836 | [] | 439 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055020 | [
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sing, regulating and using EI in problem solving. The sample consisted of 161 participants and data analysis was implemented based on criterion x 2 . The data analysis showed that health care managers express a high level of emotional perception, and management– evaluation of their own and other emotions. In addition, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.993 | 0.846 | ["management"] | 464 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055045 | [
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er management-evaluation of self-esteem than men. Keywords: Emotional intelligence, Health managers, Workforce, Sex Emotional intelligence; Health managers; Workforce; Sex. 1. Introduction On the basis of the research conducted by J. Mayer and P. Salovey [ 1 ] , the terms “Emotional Intelligence” (EI) has been defined ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.864 | ["management"] | 505 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055069 | [
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ion is perceived and evaluated in the modern day. EI or Emotional Quotient (EQ) is considered as the ability of people to combine emotion with intelligence in order to solve problems or make decisions. As a personality trait, or as a human ability, EI is regarded a decisive factor in mental health, enhanced life and pr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.874 | ["decision_making", "career"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055097 | [
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rovides an opportunity for progress, both individually and collectively [ 5 ]. In the workplace, executives, especially staff members, are thought to need more than traditional cognitive abilities and what is required is the skill/ability of empathy/EI in order to reduce negative emotions and focus on positive emotions... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.862 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055123 | [
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of uncertainty, and a departure from rationalism and therefore the right decisions. In recent decades, however, things have changed and this view is considered obsolete [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. It is easy to ignore emotions when working alone in an office, but it is difficult to do so while working as a member of a group where ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.876 | ["decision_making", "crisis", "negotiation", "networking", "career"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055150 | [
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ate more sales, better manage challenging situations, and maintain their composure even while working under intense time constraints. They are able to effectively lead others and continue to be valued coworkers despite being in a lower position than their counterparts. In recent years, the field of medicine has started... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.866 | ["education"] | 499 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055173 | [
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ding quality services to those most in need, i.e. patients, is considered to be particularly important [ [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] ]. As stated by researches such as [ [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] ] on healthcare leadership and healthcare management, EI is noticed as a key element for leading staff executives, but ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.316 | 0.856 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy"] | 439 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055196 | [
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and regarded as charismatic and transformational. Overall, there appears to be inadequate research evidence outside the practice of healthcare, in which EI has been correlated with many organizational outcomes to create competitive advantage through leadership efficacy, enhanced retention of top talent, intraprofession... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.295 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "communication", "management", "motivation", "career"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055220 | [
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udies evaluating the ability/competence of EI in health professionals, and especially in executives who hold positions of responsibility (managerial-tactical) in health care organizations [ 27 , 28 ]. Besides this, no particular attention has been paid to whether the relationship between leadership and emotional charac... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.691 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "management", "networking", "career"] | 454 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055242 | [
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nd investigated the existence of sex differences. However, the analysis of this issue has often led to conflicting results [ 29 ]. Although women frequently tend to have a higher score on overall index of EI than men [ 30 , 31 , 32 ], most researches agree on the fact that except for some minor discrepancies in the ind... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.87 | ["war_conflict"] | 504 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055264 | [
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erous to people's mental and emotional wellbeing. Efforts to slow the spread of the virus have been linked to an uptick in people feeling lonely and isolated and have added many new sources of emotional and financial strain as individuals deal with issues like job loss, reorganizing their careers, and adjusting to othe... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.9 | 0.858 | ["career"] | 499 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055285 | [
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opment and maintenance of mental health problems. In light of this, it stands to reason that those with higher levels of EI are better equipped to cope with the emotional problems brought on by the pandemic [ 33 , 34 ]. There has been a surge in the complexity of healthcare organizations because of the COVID-19 pandemi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.696 | 0.872 | ["economy", "philosophy"] | 479 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055307 | [
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dle the increasing demands placed on them [ 35 ]. Consequently, the purpose of this article is to examine the level of EI in upper, middle and lower executives employed in health care organizations, with the aim of providing the best possible services to patients. Additionally, it is inspected whether the two sexes wor... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.87 | ["philosophy"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055330 | [
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f EI, referred to in this article, was conducted on executives who hold positions of responsibility (heads of departments, directors, and managers) in five health care providers in a geographical area of Greek territory. The study focuses on the human factor and is intended to be structured around the following two res... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.895 | 0.858 | ["management", "education"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055353 | [
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mentioned above) in health service organizations in order to be utilized in the most efficient and orderly operation of their area of responsibility? [ 36 , 37 , 27 , 28 , 20 , 38 ]. Furthermore, in which way is sex, as a variable, related to the empathy/EI of administrators in health service units? [ [39] , [14] , [28... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.295 | 0.904 | [] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055374 | [
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ight on the data identified and analyzed in the literature to investigate and record the ability/trait of EI in National Health System management staff, in order to point out its benefits in this everyday demanding workplace. In any case, the present work should lead to the extent appropriate, contribute to the underst... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.716 | ["management", "salary", "economy"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055410 | [
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better labor relations, but also a better and more efficient organization of work. Moreover, the discoveries on sex differentiation can constitute a complementary stone in the unalike aspects of experiencing and understanding of this workplace for women and men. In addition, considering EI and leadership qualities, the... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.858 | ["leadership", "economy"] | 510 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055437 | [
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stributed across the spectrum of male and female. Leadership hence may be more gender oriented and influenced aspect. The structure of the remaining modules is as follows: The first section presents the recording of the research problem, the usage of EI skills/capabilities by chief executives of health service organiza... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.399 | 0.846 | ["leadership"] | 496 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055463 | [
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s on research design, presenting its methodology. Following is the analysis of the survey data, using an EI Scale Assessment Questionnaire (SEIS - AES). The last section lists a discussion of the results in relation to previous studies on the field, pointing the limitations that appeared and some avenues for future res... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.382 | 0.828 | [] | 411 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055486 | [
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earch conclusions. 2. Theoretical background 2.1. Emotional intelligence theory The concept of EI describes people who are characterized by a kind of intelligence related to their emotions and how they are interpreted, which constitutes an important role in people's personal and professional lives [ 5 , 48 ]. There are... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.895 | 0.864 | ["career"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055508 | [
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eflects on the individual's ability to process emotional knowledge and use it to manage the social world and [ 6 ] mixed model, which incorporates what was later been modeled separately as EI and traceability. In the early 1990s [ 48 ], proposed the existence of a new intelligence considering that it is the ability of ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.872 | ["management", "education"] | 511 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055530 | [
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move forward and change over time and situations. Finally, management refers to managing or regulating the feelings of oneself or other individuals in order to experience a greater positive impact and enhance personal development (both emotional and spiritual). Goleman [ 6 ], due to whom the popularity of the term “EI”... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.989 | 0.844 | ["management", "war_conflict", "faith_spirituality"] | 447 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055553 | [
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of emotional abilities into each structure of EI. In particular, while the first model presented five main areas [ 50 ], distinguish four main categories of EI: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management. Self-awareness presents how someone feels. Self-awareness includes emotional awa... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.694 | 0.818 | ["war_conflict", "management", "networking"] | 472 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055577 | [
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emotions before letting them “handle” themselves. Self-management consists of emotional self-control, adaptability, goal orientation and positivity. Social awareness refers to how others feel and to be able to handle relationships with them effectively. Social awareness includes subcategories such as empathy, awareness... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.842 | ["war_conflict", "management", "networking", "motivation", "innovation"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055600 | [
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eone his/her goals, to be creative and to do one's best. Relationship management consists of the following subcategories: leadership, motivation, third party development, conflict management, relationship strengthening, and finally teamwork and collaboration. When leaders make use of people's emotions, it becomes much ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.295 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "management", "motivation", "networking", "communication"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055624 | [
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ong these feelings as well as understand the dynamic emotions and feelings that can change from one circumstance to another. It enables a leader to gain an understanding of what drives people to follow them. Maintaining control of one's emotions enables leaders to better bear the weight of the disappointment caused by ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.872 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055645 | [
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han the source of the problem, as in the case of denial [ 27 ]. In order to measure EI, numerous tests have been developed, which are grouped into two major categories, depending on the method they use to collect information. The Freudenthaler & Neubauer Emotional Intelligence Performance Test (FNEIPT) has been used by... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.694 | 0.856 | ["philosophy"] | 472 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055667 | [
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by [ 27 ] to measure EI through characteristics. Other tests that measure EI are the Assessing Emotions Scale (AES) which has been used by Gourzoulidis [ [28] , [51] , [52] , [43] , [38] ], the Emotional Competency Inventory (ECI) which has been used by [ 37 ]; [ 27 ], the Emotional Intelligence, the Bar-On Emotional Q... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.892 | [] | 511 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055686 | [
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Scale (SEIS) which has been used by Chan & Hamamura [ 53 ] Gourzoulidis et al [ [51] , [54] , [55] ]; Wong & Low [ 56 ] Emotional Intelligence Test (WLEIS) which has been used by Kafetsios, Nezlek & Vassiliou [ 40 ]; Trivellas, Gerogiannis & Svarna, 2013 [ 57 ]. The two most used scales of EI in Health sector managemen... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.896 | 0.808 | ["management", "education"] | 511 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055709 | [
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a 5-point Likert - type to 133 survey questions based on the five factors based on [ 59 ] for EI [ 37 , 14 , 44 ]. Both of the tests belong to the first category which has been used internationally and have sufficient reliability and validity. On the other hand [ 60 ], preferred to use the MSCEIT test, an ability-based... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.89 | [] | 510 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055729 | [
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and, and manage emotions in order to associate EI with leadership. Mayer et al. (2000) [ 61 ] also mention a third category of tests with an “informant” where a third person is called upon to assess a person's level of EI. This type of test is the Hay-Group Emotional Competence Inventory (ESCI) [ 62 ] and the Genos EI ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.896 | 0.88 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 511 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055751 | [
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idely used in scientific research in the field of health services. Other studies such as [ 14 , 17 ] and [ 44 ] have used the Multifactorial Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) [ 64 ], the most well-established research tool for assessing transformational, transactional, and liberating leadership in business. 2.2. Emotional... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.989 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "rhetoric"] | 444 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055774 | [
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ether EI could be absent from any capable leader. In order to highlight the correlation between EI and leadership, it is very crucial to also pay attention at the concept of the second component. Specifically, leadership encompasses four distinct competences (capabilities), which are recognized as important components ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.895 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "communication", "networking", "salary"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055799 | [
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d) the possibility of social analysis [ 27 , 6 , 60 ]. All these skills together, form the so-called charismatic man. Social intelligence ability is determined by sharpness, emotional perception, leadership and organizational skills, and ease to settle differences that arise in social and work life [ 27 , 65 ]. Wildero... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.87 | ["leadership", "networking", "philosophy"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055821 | [
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oherent relationships in the workplace that enhance staff productivity, which in turn it also enhances the objective performance of the health care business, organization or unit. Dulewicz and Higgs [ 66 ], the basis of the above, considered that a leader should be distinguished for self-control, intuition, emotional r... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "motivation", "ethics", "networking", "education"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055843 | [
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eaders with increased levels of EI interact to contribute to the positive effects of their subordinates, with lower level of EI, on their attitude toward work. This confirms in some way. In several aspects this supports the opinion of [ 55 ] that EI, which was originally considered a human trait, can be efficiently ref... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.297 | 0.866 | ["leadership", "networking", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 508 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055865 | [
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explored by several researchers [ 67 , 68 , 69 ]. But there is mixed data. Some authors have discovered valuable connections between EI and leadership in transition [ 70 , 71 , 72 ]. In the healthcare sector, some scholars observed that successful healthcare leadership is necessary because it is deemed vital to a pipel... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.308 | 0.858 | ["leadership", "networking"] | 466 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055889 | [
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healthcare quality, access and efficiency [ 73 ]. By pushing themselves and their supporters to accomplish success [ 68 ], leaders who use this approach transform organizations and encourage and empower people to support them achieve great results [ 74 ]. They are imaginative [ 68 ]. Some see transformative leadership ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.308 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 464 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055911 | [
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and partnerships and convey rational care [ 75 ]. It is a reasonal view that every organization or business must comply with the proper application of EI at all levels. Abraham [ 39 ] and Prufeta [ 60 ] believe that EI should be considered as one of the evaluated qualifications of the leadership - staff of health care ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.301 | 0.87 | ["leadership", "resume", "philosophy"] | 493 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055933 | [
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staff, especially older employees in a hospital. On top of that [ 37 , 14 , 27 , 40 , 60 , 17 , 44 ] , investigated the skill/competence of EI in executives - managers and sought to relate it to effective leadership, better management of health staff, so as to lead to more effective and better quality health services, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.884 | ["leadership", "management", "networking"] | 511 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055954 | [
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important for the continuation of a group, but they also noted that additional research was necessary. There are those who believe that by advancing professional advancement that focuses on enhancing the capabilities of health authorities, the quality of care will improve [ 76 ]. Others argue that this type of leadersh... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "communication", "career"] | 511 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055976 | [
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aining, are incapable of delivering long-term change in practice [ 77 ]. In particular [ 60 , 17 ], concluded that executives should be trained in the use of empathy/EI and be at the forefront of staff training especially older and more experienced. Feather [ 27 ], Spano-Szekely et al. [ 17 ] and Tyczkowski et al. [ 44... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.295 | 0.876 | ["education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.055999 | [
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... | ||
also raising the issue of university staff training to create positive staffing and upgraded patient care. For the same subject, the need to train health professionals and executives, considering the issue as an example of good implementation of transformational leadership in this area [ 14 , 78 , 79 ]. Furthermore [ 3... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.896 | 0.856 | ["leadership", "career", "education", "management", "philosophy"] | 511 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056022 | [
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... | ||
ronment through inter-professional teamwork motivation and the creation of innovative methods that promote confidence by creating more efficient work satisfaction conditions, with a direct impact on the quality of provided health services. In fact, the latter, point out that possible applications of training in EI can ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.296 | 0.7 | ["management", "motivation", "career", "resume", "education"] | 511 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056043 | [
-0.039369143545627594,
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e in the examination of the effects that targeted training can have on EI. To epitomize the meaning of EI on a collective level, it can be considered as a source of valuable knowledge that can help a person to be meaningful and navigated by “reading” his/her social environment, that is appropriate in meeting their dail... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.295 | 0.886 | ["education", "leadership"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056066 | [
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0.026102... | ||
y [ 82 , 83 ], consider sex variable in the case of EI as a way of interpreting the mechanisms of emotional operation. Their research [ 81 ] on the connection between sex and EI highlighted an important difference in the measurement of EI in women versus men, noting that a time variable (age) contributes blunts the dif... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.996 | 0.876 | ["networking", "career"] | 482 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056087 | [
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, social support, and job support or development. Remarkable is the research by [ 28 ], which carried out in Greece with target population executives of Health Organizations. They collected data from 120 general managers of Greek public health institutions (men and women), who completed a questionnaire for measuring EI... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.382 | 0.83 | ["management", "career"] | 411 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056108 | [
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ation. Kafetsios et al. [ 40 ] and Schutte et al. [ 58 ] confirm likewise the existence of a sex differences, although it did not carry out in the health field. Health care services are thought to provide professionals with high levels of EI due to the properties of the sector and the requirement of managing with the r... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.874 | ["management", "strategy", "career", "philosophy"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056130 | [
0.014082323759794235,
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in their workforce. 3. Materials and methods 3.1. Research instrument The data collection methodology was carried out using an anonymous and self-completed questionnaire, using the Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) [ 58 ]. The Assessing Emotions Scale AES scale [ 52 ], investigates facets of EI and builds on the conc... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.866 | [] | 502 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056149 | [
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in assessing and resolving problems [ 28 , 58 ]. Schutte et al. [ 58 ] find that the SEIS/AES scale shows good internal reliability, produces consistent results over time and is considered a valid tool for measuring EI. The SEIS-AES scale, in the most complete and most frequently used by researchers version [ 54 ], inc... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.296 | 0.868 | ["philosophy"] | 511 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056172 | [
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ee with each five-point scale statement/question (1 = Strongly disagree to 5 = Strongly agree). Participants respond on a Likert scale that mathematically evaluates EI. Scores are calculated by the reverse coding items 5, 28 and 33, and then by the sum of all the items. Scores can range from 33 to 165, with higher scor... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.87 | ["management"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056193 | [
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tions belonging to the National Health System (NHS) (four General Hospitals and one University General Hospital) in specific geographical region of Greece. Participants were senior, middle, and junior executives who had to meet the following criteria: (a) be an active executive with a position of responsibility (head o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.706 | ["education"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056215 | [
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reece; (b) be of a certain age up to retirement age; (c) have received training commensurate with the position he holds; and (d) there were no gender restrictions. Of the 379 questionnaires, 161 were answered. Informed consent was obtained from all participants for our research. The descriptive method and the statistic... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.389 | 0.844 | ["philosophy"] | 447 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056237 | [
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ence test criterion) were used for data analysis. The process was implemented with a statistical test based on the use of the statistical distribution of c 2 at significance level [ 43 ]. This paper does not involve chemicals; procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use. Furthermore, it ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.302 | 0.858 | ["crisis"] | 490 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056259 | [
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ars old and 34.8% ( n = 56) were 36–45 years old. The lowest participation was seen in individuals in the age groups of 18–25 years (n = 8, 5%), 26–35 years ( n = 6, 3.7%) and 56 years and over 18 ( n = 14, 8.7%). The majority of participants were holding a bachelor's degree ( n = 97, 60.2%) while a significant proport... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.295 | 0.744 | ["education"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056282 | [
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s ( n = 22, 13.7%) and Vocational Training Institutes or technical school graduates ( n = 9, 5.6%). Finally, regarding to years of experience in administrative positions, it was found that 37.9% ( n = 61) had administrative experience from one to five years, 23.6% ( n = 38) had administrative experience from 16 to 25 y... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.31 | 0.874 | ["management", "education"] | 459 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056303 | [
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had experience of management from 26 to 35 years. Also, only seven (4.3%) people had more than 36 years of administrative experience. Table 1. Demographic and occupational sample characteristics. Demographic and professional sample characteristics n % Gender Men 33 20.5% Women 128 79.5% Age 18–25 8 5.0% 26–35 6 3.7% 36... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.72 | ["education", "management", "career"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056326 | [
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e 33 20.5% Length of service in management posts 1–5 61 37.9% 6–15 26 16.1% 16–25 38 23.6% 26–35 29 18.0% 36 + 7 4.3% Open in a new tab 4.1. Tool reliability analysis Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was used to analyze the reliability of the tool used in the research. The coefficient above 0.7 indicates satisf... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.387 | 0.706 | ["management"] | 436 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056347 | [
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e total scale of EI and the four subscales of EI. The results show that the tool as an aggregate has very high reliability ( α = 0.901) and all four sub-dimensions have good reliability with alpha values ranging from 0.733 to 0.756. Overall, on the basis of the above, the reliability of the tool is considered to be sat... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.304 | 0.72 | ["ethics"] | 483 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056370 | [
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Number of Questions Alpha Cronbach EI 33 0.901 1. Perception of emotions 10 0.744 2. Management – evaluation of emotions of the self 9 0.756 3. Management – evaluation of the feelings of others 8 0.733 4. Using emotions 6 0.735 Open in a new tab Below are the results of the sex on the differentiation of EI. A t-test fo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.295 | 0.744 | ["management"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056391 | [
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d women in overall EI ( p = 0.011) and in the dimensions of emotional perception ( p = 0.032) and self-management of emotional feelings ( p = 0.032). Whereas men and women expressed equivalent management-evaluation of others emotions ( p = 0.148) and equivalent use of emotions ( p = 0.123). More precisely, we observe t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.734 | ["management"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056412 | [
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feelings of others 34.33 5.67 35.77 4.91 0.148 5. Using emotions 24.27 3.05 25.24 3.24 0.123 Open in a new tab ( A ) Average ( SD ) Standard deviation p value < 0.05. 5. Discussion Data analysis showed that senior, middle and junior health executives expressed a high degree of emotional perception, management-evaluatio... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.895 | 0.732 | ["management"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056434 | [
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ring that the maximum value the scale can get is 165. This value confirms the above analysis. The responsibility of leaders is to fulfill the needs of staff members by assisting those staff members in developing stronger organizational and leadership skills, while at the same time, the leaders themselves work to become... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.858 | ["leadership", "management", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056456 | [
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and self-management abilities, as well as their psychological and social sensitivity (referred to as EI). Emotional intelligence, or EI, is perhaps the most important hint for healthcare executives on what makes a superior leader. EI refers to the role of the leader in getting people to perform their jobs more successf... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.868 | ["leadership", "management", "crisis", "career", "philosophy"] | 511 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056477 | [
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ills in personality development and crisis management in the workplace. The results are also confirmed by the study conducted by [ 37 ], who argued that skills of EI are considered to be an indicator of inspirational leadership in health care units and may lead to a qualitative upgrade of the health services provided. ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.884 | ["leadership", "management", "motivation", "crisis", "education"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056498 | [
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of feelings of self and others, but also in the ability to read and understand nonverbal forms of communication. Leaders in health management who have developed EI typically have a strong awareness of how important people are to their own personal and professional health, a genuine appreciation for the contribution tha... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.706 | ["management", "philosophy", "leadership", "communication", "decision_making"] | 498 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056521 | [
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ions, and the appropriate management of emotions. They frequently encourage not only themselves but also the people who report to them to think about awareness and learning in order to improve their leadership abilities and provide an opportunity for them to discover both their strengths and their weaknesses. In this w... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.316 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "education", "management", "innovation", "networking"] | 438 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056544 | [
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loping mutually beneficial working relationships. As mentioned by [ 67 ], these relationships are necessary to facilitate the use of knowledge that leads to standard health practice. Emotionally intelligent leaders are distinguished from other leaders not only by their ability to inspire and motivate others but also by... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.895 | 0.858 | ["motivation", "leadership", "networking", "education"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056566 | [
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all of their skills to motivate passion and excellence. Emotionally intelligent leaders are able to manage conflict and communicate empathy to their staff or families through their use of emotional skills. They have the potential to have a beneficial effect on highly stressful clinical environments, as is made abundant... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.993 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "communication", "motivation", "war_conflict"] | 465 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056588 | [
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between men and women in overall EI ( p = 0.011). Such findings are reported in many studies conducted by [ 86 , 87 , 81 , 28 , 83 , 40 , 42 , 4 , 43 ]. The research implemented by [ 58 ] also found that women tend to have higher level of experience in emotional expression than men. Also, noteworthy is the difference i... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.91 | 0.788 | ["management"] | 458 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056611 | [
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nt - evaluation of feelings of self ( p = 0.001). On the other hand, men and women express equivalent management-evaluation of others' emotions ( p = 0.148) and equivalent use of emotions ( p = 0.123). The above findings confirm research by [ 51 , 88 , 4 ], which may offer a reason for the higher degree of women's perc... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.296 | 0.888 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 511 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056633 | [
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ioned cases of EI in favor of women may be due to the way in which society grows young people, based on racial stereotypes and racial prejudices, in order to consider their emotions and interpersonal relationships, becoming more emotional and expressive. After all, it is observed that the reported sex difference in emo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.691 | 0.698 | ["networking"] | 455 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056653 | [
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nce of emotional aspects in the workplace [ 40 ]. Explanatory to the above results, previous research by [ 31 , 90 ] has shown that women excel men in recognizing and understanding emotions, empathy, social adjustment, and interpersonal communication. Women show a stronger perception of emotion than men [ 82 , 90 , 56 ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.87 | ["communication", "education"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056675 | [
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bal communication data than men, but also communication skills with an emphasis on service [ 91 ]. Women tend to pay more attention to visual stimuli/habits, especially facial expressions, are more expressive than men, and are more able to express emotions on their faces, smiling more often and generally using their fa... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.296 | 0.866 | ["communication", "salary"] | 510 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056698 | [
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nd are considered stronger companions than males. Still, women can provide better emotional and social support than men. Men, on the other hand, are better at handling feelings such as fatigue better at adjusting to new circumstances, and are more constructive and hopeful than women [ 30 , 61 ]. They also have greater ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.685 | 0.848 | [] | 423 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056717 | [
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to change, and better handle stress [ 30 , 50 ]. Women are more characterized by social responsibility, while men are more characterized by adaptability to new conditions [ 91 ]. In any case, it should be borne in mind that sex, as a factor that explains the behaviour of the individuals, always operates in complex inte... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.296 | 0.88 | ["education"] | 511 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056740 | [
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age, level of education/training and years of administrative service do not have a positive or negative effect on the levels of empathy/EI, emphasizing the need to train not only executives but also of all employees in the skills of empathy/EI, with the ultimate goal of providing better quality services in the field of... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.714 | ["management", "education"] | 511 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056763 | [
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and in the management - evaluation of the emotions of the self as opposed to men. This fact should not exacerbate the disparities between the two sexes in this specific professional sector as both use emotions and evaluate the emotions of others at the same level. 6. Conclusions 6.1. Limitations As the paper was based ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.87 | ["management", "career", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056786 | [
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ult to achieve here and therefore understandable. For empathy and EI, there are a number of studies conducted in Greece, but they are not compatible with the research questions of the paper. In addition, as the study is before COVID 19, it is fruitful to mention that these results may differ under the pandemic regime a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.307 | 0.86 | ["education"] | 471 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056807 | [
-0.027216339483857155,
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ts and effects between the two time periods. 6.2. Future research This research can provide the requisite documentation for future studies, especially in Greece, exploring both the variables of the present study but also other additional variables, such as age, education level, leadership styles, the number of patients... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "education", "crisis", "networking"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056828 | [
-0.010625802911818027,
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rtments or other departments of health organizations, in order to examine all the aspects of EI in the health sector. In addition, as the research was chronologically and geographically demarcated by a single survey at a particular period and limits the generalizability of the results, we believe that the survey could ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.722 | ["education"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056849 | [
0.018364064395427704,
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the data of the two surveys over the course of time, with the prospect of drawing noteworthy conclusions. Likewise, a different method of analyzing the data could be used, or parallel research (using the same or different variables) could be carried out in collaboration with other countries' hospitals to produce useful... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.862 | ["communication", "management", "economy", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056870 | [
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care organizations based on controlling other demographic variables such as age or education level. Finally, future researchers could consider comparing executive groups across senior, middle, and junior executive groups. Due to the widespread spread of COVID-19, healthcare systems have become more intricate than ever.... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.313 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "economy", "education"] | 446 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056891 | [
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nd teamwork, and assistance towards a new vision. A new approach to incorporating EI into healthcare operations should be developed in light of the aforementioned concepts. Taking into account the difficult circumstances that healthcare leaders around the world must deal with, EI must be implemented and training is cru... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "strategy", "management", "crisis", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056915 | [
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rt in EI training programs are able to acquire the emotional skills necessary to ensure the proper, fully comprehend, and enforce their negative emotions and whether or not these abilities are critical for mitigating mental health problems associated with the pandemic. Declarations Author contribution statement Fotis K... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.84 | ["philosophy"] | 503 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056936 | [
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terials, analysis tools or data; Wrote the paper. Eumorfia Papageorgiou: Performed the experiments; Contributed reagents, materials, analysis tools or data. Maria Kamariotou: Contributed reagents, materials, analysis tools or data; Wrote the paper. Nikolaos A. Perifanis: Contributed reagents, materials, analysis tools ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.384 | 0.66 | ["philosophy"] | 422 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056956 | [
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e experiments; Analyzed and interpreted the data. Funding statement This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Data availability statement The authors do not have permission to share data. Declaration of interest's statement The authors d... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.315 | 0.824 | ["philosophy", "war_conflict"] | 441 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056977 | [
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re-evaluate what is important and not important. When my mood changes, I see new possibilities. Emotions are one of the things that make my life worth living. I am aware of my emotions as I experience them. I expect good things to happen. I like to share my emotions with others. When I experience a positive emotion, I ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.894 | ["war_conflict"] | 511 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.056997 | [
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asily recognize my emotions as I experience them. I motivate myself by imagining a good outcome to tasks I take on I compliment others when they have done something well. I am aware of the non-verbal messages other people send. When another person tells me about an important event in his or her life, I almost feel as t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694085/ | Emotional intelligence with the gender perspective in health organizations managers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.89 | ["motivation", "crisis", "war_conflict"] | 501 | Emotional Intelligence | topic | 2026-03-19T21:55:29.057022 | [
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