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BMC Med Educ . 2022 Oct 24;22:733. doi: 10.1186/s12909-022-03809-6 Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership Rachel Schwartz Rachel Schwartz 1 Physician Partnership Program, Patient Experience, Stanford Health Care, 300 Pasteur Drive, MC 560... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.639 | 0.84 | ["war_conflict", "leadership"] | 511 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.837532 | [
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am, Patient Experience, Stanford Health Care, 300 Pasteur Drive, MC 5603, Stanford, CA 94305 USA Find articles by Barbette Weimer-Elder 1, # , Elizabeth Wilkins Elizabeth Wilkins 2 Foresight Collaborative, Provo, UT 84604 USA 3 Management Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA Find articles by Elizab... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.534 | 0.712 | ["management", "economy", "education"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.837911 | [
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hanie Wong 1 Physician Partnership Program, Patient Experience, Stanford Health Care, 300 Pasteur Drive, MC 5603, Stanford, CA 94305 USA Find articles by Stephanie Wong 1 , Bryan K Dang Bryan K Dang 1 Physician Partnership Program, Patient Experience, Stanford Health Care, 300 Pasteur Drive, MC 5603, Stanford, CA 94305... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.507 | 0.71 | ["education"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.838066 | [
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artment of Mechanical Engineering at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA Find articles by Bryan K Dang 1, 5, 6 , Ryan Brown Ryan Brown 1 Physician Partnership Program, Patient Experience, Stanford Health Care, 300 Pasteur Drive, MC 5603, Stanford, CA 94305 USA Find articles by Ryan Brown 1 , Merisa Kline Merisa... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.506 | 0.716 | ["governance", "education"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.838199 | [
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cles by Merisa Kline 1 , Lawrence Kwan Lawrence Kwan 7 Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA Find articles by Lawrence Kwan 7 Author information Article notes Copyright and License information 1 Physician Partnership Program, Patient Experience, S... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.513 | 0.704 | ["governance", "education", "philosophy", "strategy", "management"] | 511 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.838405 | [
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, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA 4 Flying Squirrel Experiences, LLC, Boise, ID 83703 USA 5 The Valley Foundation School of Nursing, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA 6 Design Impact Engineering Program, The Department of Mechanical Engineering at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 US... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.509 | 0.696 | ["education", "strategy"] | 481 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.838590 | [
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SA ✉ Corresponding author. # Contributed equally. Received 2022 Jul 15; Accepted 2022 Oct 12; Collection date 2022. © The Author(s) 2022 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any mediu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.493 | 0.854 | ["innovation", "philosophy"] | 496 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.838759 | [
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in permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.464 | 0.678 | ["innovation"] | 474 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.838971 | [
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is a time of unprecedented change in healthcare. More physicians are being tasked with stepping into a variety of leadership roles without having received the training needed to be an effective leader. Previous data have demonstrated the effectiveness of both leadership coaching and 360-feedback tools to foster physici... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.645 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "education"] | 439 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.839143 | [
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e explore the combined effect of these two tools. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a brief physician 360 leadership coaching intervention on perception of professional dynamics and acquired leadership skills. Methods Participants completed a tailored 360-feedback tool to gather input on their le... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.637 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "career", "interview", "education"] | 469 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.839311 | [
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tervention semi-structured qualitative interview. Qualitative data were coded using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Results Twenty-three primary care physicians at an academic medical center engaged in the 360 leadership coaching study. Participants reported that the intervention yielded valuable benefits in f... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.599 | 0.812 | ["leadership", "interview", "salary", "war_conflict", "education"] | 440 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.839433 | [
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rship awareness and Navigating their environment. Leadership awareness included increased clarity of purpose and role, and recognition that routine feedback is critical to leadership development. Navigating their environment included gaining relationship-building communication, organizational awareness and navigation s... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.52 | 0.818 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "communication", "networking"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.839586 | [
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lued support infrastructure for becoming more effective leaders. Physicians described a nuanced understanding of the leadership challenges physicians face, and identified the leadership tools needed to navigate the evolving healthcare delivery landscape. Curricula for physician leadership learning could consider this c... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.438 | 0.806 | ["leadership", "crisis", "education"] | 416 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.839737 | [
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adership coaching for training physician leaders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12909-022-03809-6. Keywords: Interprofessional team communication, Professional fulfillment, Primary care, Leadership Development; Faculty Wellness Background A comprehens... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.612 | 0.822 | ["leadership", "career", "communication", "management", "llm"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.839890 | [
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diverse gifts, abilities, and skills and focuses the follower(s) to the organization’s mission and objectives …” [ 1 ] By this definition, all physicians are leaders. Many lead, even without managerial titles, in their daily clinical roles by guiding and navigating teams and patients through complex health decisions an... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.607 | 0.848 | ["management", "leadership", "decision_making"] | 471 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.840051 | [
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s only increased the need for physicians to lead. While many organizations and authors have called out the current gap in leadership training for physicians and the need to develop routine leadership learning opportunities for physicians, [ 2 – 4 ] there is not yet consensus on the most effective tools and a ‘core’ cur... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.476 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "education"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.840171 | [
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s to characterize the setting, educational content, teaching methods, and learning outcomes achieved [ 4 ]. The review highlighted several gaps including “...a limited use of more advanced training tools such as interactive learning and feedback in order to develop greater self-awareness” (p.656) [ 4 ]. Articles from t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.509 | 0.846 | ["education", "war_conflict"] | 480 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.840243 | [
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ild ‘systems’ and ‘interpersonal’ literacy [ 2 ]. Studies have highlighted the effectiveness of coaching in alleviating burnout and improving well-being amongst primary care physicians [ 5 ]. A 2020 systematic review of leadership development initiatives for physicians noted the value of multisource feedback and coachi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.457 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "career", "philosophy"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.840348 | [
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rm of a 360 tool) improves physician professionalism, interpersonal communication, teamwork, and leadership behaviors [ 7 ]. While 360 evaluations are routinely used for physician performance assessment, their use purely as a tool for professional development is relatively rare. In this proof of concept study, we emplo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.456 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "career", "communication", "management", "education"] | 459 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.840422 | [
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non-proprietary 360 feedback tool) and coaching. These tools are traditionally lengthy and expensive endeavors, reserved for those in higher leadership positions or as part of an exclusive leadership course. We provided a brief and comprehensive implementation of these tools aimed at a broad cross-section of a primary ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.606 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "strategy", "career"] | 511 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.840503 | [
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ed primary care physicians’ perception of professional fulfillment, professional dynamics, and their perspectives on leadership. Methods Participant selection This study was approved by the Stanford Institutional Review Board. Participants were recruited from physicians in the Division of Primary Care and Population He... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.415 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "strategy", "career", "interview", "llm"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.840578 | [
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ey felt would benefit from further leadership training. Fifty physician leaders were initially invited in August 2019. Nominees were re-contacted in November 2020 with the goals and details of the program. Those who agreed to take part in the study completed an online pre-survey and selected raters to complete a custom... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.601 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "education"] | 511 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.840653 | [
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plinary physician leaders, asking them to rank 16 leadership competencies for physicians in order of importance (drawn from Dye & Garman [ 8 ]). After ranking these items, focus group participants were asked “What made the top 5 most compelling to you?”, “What made the bottom 5 least compelling to you?” “How does your ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.583 | 0.862 | ["leadership"] | 492 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.840797 | [
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(see Additional file 1 : Appendix A for details). To set expectations for successful participation, the study team created an informational video describing the goal of the program, the value of feedback to participants, and what the leadership coaching process involved. The video was sent to all participants and their... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.613 | 0.822 | ["leadership", "management", "education", "philosophy"] | 411 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.840892 | [
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was administered by a HIPAA-approved third-party. Participants received an email summary report 48 hours before their first scheduled coaching session. Coaching process Based on previous coaching work (presented in a parallel manuscript) demonstrating changes in physician behavior as a result of coaching, as reflected ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.464 | 0.85 | [] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.840959 | [
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anged-behavior range, choosing 5 1:1 coaching sessions, scheduled at two-week intervals. Accommodations were made for adjustments in scheduling as needed by participants; 22 participants completed the coaching between March 22 to June 9, 2021. The remaining participant had repeated scheduling conflicts and completed th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.555 | 0.818 | ["war_conflict"] | 432 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.841032 | [
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s in addition to their existing responsibilities. All three International Coaching Federation-certified coaches were non-physicians with strong backgrounds in education, selected for their experience with leadership development and 360 evaluations; one had a clinical nursing and military background followed by a PhD in... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.581 | 0.702 | ["leadership", "education", "management", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.841107 | [
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university (EW), and one had an MBA with 20 years of leadership development and organizational change experience (DD). To limit the effect of variable coaching styles and techniques, coaches engaged in 3 months of collaborative, weekly meetings to outline each element of the coaching process to ensure alignment on phil... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.613 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "economy", "education"] | 487 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.841192 | [
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to increase standardization across participants. Coaches started the initial coaching session by asking about the participant’s previous experience with 360 evaluations, then clarified how this one was unique---specifically tailored for growth rather than performance evaluation. They highlighted the confidentiality of ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.416 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 510 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.841263 | [
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selected a target leadership goal to focus on in their coaching sessions. Interview and coding analysis process Following the coaching intervention, participants were asked to take part in a recorded qualitative interview. The interview, conducted over Zoom, followed a semi-structured interview guide (see Additional fi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.578 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "interview"] | 489 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.841361 | [
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nd a qualitative health services researcher (RS). It focused on participants’ perceptions of the strength and limitations of the program, its perceived impact on their leadership growth, and their ideal next steps for improving the program. Based on initial input from two pilot interviews conducted with non-participati... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.601 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "interview"] | 459 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.841425 | [
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rview guide was revised prior to data collection. All interviews were conducted by a researcher (RS) who was not involved in the coaching process. Participants were informed that the qualitative data would be kept separate from the coaching team in order to elicit as much candid feedback on the intervention as possible... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.398 | 0.852 | ["interview", "management", "philosophy"] | 464 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.841478 | [
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nterviews ranged in length from 18 to 53 minutes. The interviewer was known to three of the participants and had a collegial, non-hierarchical relationship with all. The research team discussed the value of having these three interviewed by someone unknown to the participants, but decided consistency in the interview p... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.501 | 0.854 | ["interview", "management", "decision_making", "networking"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.841542 | [
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this participant, the interviewer took detailed notes and no direct quotes were used. The rest of the recordings were transcribed, imported into Dedoose software (Version 9.0.17 [ 9 ]), and coded by a coding team of five people: a female communication scientist/health services researcher (RS) who conducted the intervie... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.526 | 0.844 | ["communication", "management", "interview", "networking", "war_conflict"] | 511 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.841598 | [
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roject manager (SW), a male primary care physician and medical director (LK) and a male nurse and ed-tech startup founder (BD). The research team maintained reflexivity by continually discussing and challenging assumptions throughout the analysis process. The analysis was additionally staged so that the physician joine... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.39 | 0.854 | ["management"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.841678 | [
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lower authority felt comfortable presenting, and openly debating, themes. Motives between research team members varied; while three of the coders were involved in the study design and administration, each brought a slightly different lens: one focuses on physician well-being research (RS), another on project administra... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.417 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "education", "management", "career"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.841734 | [
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hts were shaped by their professional experience in educational design (RB), educational technology and nursing (BD). All career stages were represented on the coding team. Coaches were completely excluded from the qualitative analysis in order to avoid any potential bias. Following an inductive thematic analysis appro... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.383 | 0.86 | ["management", "career", "education"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.841790 | [
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iteratively refine the codebook and align on the most salient themes. A minimum of two coders reviewed and coded each transcript. All discrepancies were resolved through consensus. Results Participant demographics Twenty-nine physicians enrolled and 6 chose to discontinue before the coaching began; one person declined ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.368 | 0.682 | ["war_conflict"] | 492 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.841854 | [
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ticipated. See Table 1 for demographics. Table 1. Participant Demographics Number of Participants, out of n = 23 (%) Gender (Female) 19 (83%) Years at Current Institution 1–10 7 (30%) 11–20 9 (39%) 21–30 5 (22%) 31+ 2 (9%) Racial Demographics Asian 13 (52%) Latinx/Hispanic 1 (4%) Caucasian 11 (44%) Open in a new tab Qu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.461 | 0.856 | ["leadership", "war_conflict"] | 489 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.841906 | [
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sult of the 360 leadership coaching intervention. These themes, and associated sub-themes, are detailed below (Fig. 1 ). Fig. 1. Open in a new tab Overview of qualitative themes Theme 1: shift in leadership awareness The 360-leadership coaching study affected participants’ notion of what it means to be a leader and pro... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.453 | 0.864 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "education"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.841962 | [
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leadership coach, and the dedicated time for self-reflection, were all instrumental for new insights and leadership growth. Many participants reported hesitating to enroll in the study due to lacking an administrative title. They described how the coaching process made them reconceptualize their notion of what leadersh... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.48 | 0.824 | ["leadership", "management", "war_conflict", "education"] | 432 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.842015 | [
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team roles and responsibility towards colleagues. As one explained: If they’re followers, I haven’t really paid that much attention to what their career growth necessarily is. I think this [program] has helped me understand that it’s just as important for us to pay attention to that, partly because it’s your responsibi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.443 | 0.836 | ["salary", "leadership", "management", "career", "war_conflict"] | 419 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.842077 | [
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tention to everybody who is following behind you. Others explained how the program helped them recognize that leadership was not tied to an ideal performance or context but was a stance and mindset: It’s not about always performing at the level that you want, but about when you fail or don’t live up to the expectations... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.629 | 0.882 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "education"] | 511 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.842147 | [
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oneself as a leader in all contexts, not just the certain specific title role. Many participants noted a tendency to be overly self-critical, and described how important it was to have the coach identify their areas of competence and strength as a foundation from which to build additional leadership skills. For many, t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.641 | 0.86 | ["leadership"] | 501 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.842202 | [
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rned from the 360 evaluation] was the disconnect. I see myself much harder than other people. Then also...being able to see things from other people’s point of view. I’m too passionate and basically, need to stop yelling at people! I’m like, ‘Oh my God, I’m trying to see,’ but being able to maybe see it from their pers... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.395 | 0.87 | ["career", "war_conflict", "faith_spirituality"] | 511 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.842256 | [
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ty of purpose and professional role, helping them reconnect and rekindle their career goals. For some, this required setting boundaries and declining certain opportunities to better align their activities with their purpose: Some of the things I was doing, honestly, just didn’t really feel authentic for me in terms of ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.419 | 0.876 | ["career"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.842311 | [
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hought it would be good for me … It’s getting easier, but it still is hard to say ‘no’ to things, especially when someone’s like, ‘Oh, I think you’d be really good at this,’ even though it may not match with what you want to do. Especially if it’s coming from someone who you really respect and you feel like saying ‘no’... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.466 | 0.884 | [] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.842359 | [
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ommitment to set aside more regular time for reflection and long-range career planning: For me personally, I feel like my growth and development at this time really comes from sitting and reflecting on what I want, what my values are, what it is to be my authentic self and bring my authentic self into the work that I d... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.387 | 0.714 | ["career", "strategy", "ethics"] | 444 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.842432 | [
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o be the most useful to the people around me too. Another similarly summarized: I think it gave me a chance to refocus and to look at my current self and the future self I hope to be and a roadmap to get there. 1b. Sub-theme: feedback as critical for leadership growth Participants described how the chance to receive ca... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.65 | 0.872 | ["leadership"] | 508 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.842486 | [
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feedback to support continued leadership growth. They articulated that it is incumbent on the physician to actively solicit this feedback: I think that physicians, oftentimes we don’t get a lot of feedback like this. Oftentimes in our training, you get feedback about how well you take a history, present a patient, whet... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.502 | 0.864 | ["leadership"] | 474 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.842544 | [
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edback about how you are perceived by your peers. You don’t get a lot of feedback about why you were not chosen for something. You don’t get an audit of feedback about how you can improve so that you could be an asset to your division. You just don’t get that. I think part of it is we don’t ask often, we don’t ask enou... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.498 | 0.876 | ["strategy"] | 491 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.842599 | [
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ts to solicit feedback from various stakeholders. Many participants described the initial discomfort involved in this process of asking for feedback and explained their epiphany that the act of asking for feedback strengthened their relationship with stakeholders: It was very uncomfortable. It definitely pushed me out ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.442 | 0.838 | ["crisis", "networking"] | 440 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.842653 | [
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ask for feedback is sometimes a little difficult. It was, yes, it was not something that I would have done [on my own], but it was good to have done. I think now the relationship is maybe is a little bit different with these various people, and so there’s some accountability. Theme 2: navigating their environment The c... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.664 | 0.858 | ["leadership", "crisis", "networking"] | 486 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.842737 | [
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ools for enhancing their leadership interactions. These ranged from communication strategies to new insights for how to more effectively navigate the organization. 2a: sub-theme: relationship-building communication strategies Participants explained that the coaching intervention placed an emphasis on fostering relation... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.627 | 0.814 | ["communication", "leadership", "networking"] | 446 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.842803 | [
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more in control of their role in the interaction. These included concrete tools, like the two participants below describe: I liked some of the words that [my coach] gave me that I could use so that not only would it help me with my scheduling, but it would build up the leaders below me, and then setting agendas for mee... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.559 | 0.892 | ["leadership", "communication"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.842858 | [
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s so that I can be heard and make the other person feel heard while disagreeing or putting a new concept out there. 2b: sub-theme: organizational awareness and navigation Participants noted the division’s investment in leadership coaching for physicians changed their perception of the organization. They expressed surpr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.507 | 0.856 | ["leadership", "strategy", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.842946 | [
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place within the community: It made me appreciate the fact that I had that support there. I think the idea that [the division] supported this for a lot of people was pretty amazing. I think it’s certainly appreciation and gratitude for the fact that I’m in a place where people support these things. [The program] helped... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.554 | 0.854 | ["strategy"] | 480 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843019 | [
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a ripple effect felt throughout the organization. They asked that the coaching program be expanded to allow all colleagues to participate, and remarked on the positive return on investment: I appreciate the organization’s commitment to me. I feel like they’re seeing me, at least some part of the people in the ether are... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.423 | 0.854 | ["leadership"] | 451 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843114 | [
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being a doctor. I’m more than just patient care. When I’m invested in, it comes out into my patients, it comes out into my coworkers. They should know that. This is good happiness retaining doctor stuff that they need to do because we have so many demands on us and so many things that drain us. To give us an opportunit... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.367 | 0.886 | [] | 511 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843175 | [
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d the physicians to feel more capable of navigating the system effectively: One of the interesting first visualizations that [my coach] walked me through was, “Okay, if you think about [your previous institution] as a very mature organization, you need to think about [the current institution] more as a startup, that th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.461 | 0.714 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843230 | [
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ne example of just-in-time visualization and reframing that was able to help me move forward and get out of some anxiety that I was having that I’m not being effective. They described how this increased awareness led to greater agency through having the ability to make more conscious choices, as the two participants be... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.432 | 0.726 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "decision_making"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843283 | [
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f leadership of your bosses, then you have to either adapt or pivot or find new bosses, basically. [The coach] also said that the only thing you can change is yourself, I can’t change the organization and that’s sometimes good to hear from someone else. Discussion In this proof of concept study, we explored the effect ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.51 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "education"] | 458 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843339 | [
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care physicians’ perception of leadership skills. Using qualitative investigation, we found participants reported a shift in their perception of what it meant to be a leader and in the relational skills they had acquired over the course of the coaching program. Participants described how the 360-feedback tool provided ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.633 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843399 | [
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ith tailored leadership coaching, the physicians were able to gain concrete leadership tools that allowed them to have more agency in navigating their professional environment. Our results echo the leadership gains found in previous physician leadership coaching studies, [ 3 , 5 , 11 , 12 ] including reports of interna... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.46 | 0.836 | ["leadership", "career"] | 432 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843466 | [
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ualizing their work and professional role [ 13 ]. However, unique features of our study included partnering with physicians to develop a tailored leadership 360-feedback tool, and a shorter duration, five-session coaching intervention. Previous studies using 360-evaluations for physician leadership purposes have simila... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.463 | 0.824 | ["leadership", "career", "education"] | 428 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843522 | [
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ing debriefs to optimize behavioral change [ 7 ]. Our results underscore these findings and suggest that pairing 360-feedback with a coaching intervention is effective in yielding leadership insights and providing physicians with concrete tools for fostering professional relationships. An unexpected finding from our st... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.65 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "networking", "career", "education"] | 458 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843579 | [
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invested in and appreciated by the organization. Physicians’ perceived appreciation/feeling valued has been linked to lower odds of burnout [ 14 ]. A recent study identified chair support and compensation as two key areas of perceived appreciation [ 15 ]; our qualitative data indicate that our intervention effectively ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.451 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "education", "communication", "strategy", "salary"] | 481 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843636 | [
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rtance of routine feedback for leadership growth. They noted the current lack of a feedback-rich culture in medicine, and highlighted the historical trepidation in actively soliciting feedback from stakeholders. Interestingly, our study reflected a hunger for it, and the feedback was embraced. While there are many rece... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.565 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "education"] | 511 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843696 | [
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ard practice for trainees, much less for faculty. Future investment in physician leadership skills through routine provision of leadership coaching could be instrumental in creating a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine. Limitations There are a number of limitations to our study. First, this intervention occurre... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.612 | 0.824 | ["leadership", "strategy", "education"] | 450 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843750 | [
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ed for greater openness to support interventions. It is possible that the qualitative data did not display the full value of the program as topics discussed with coaches required a high degree of confidentiality and psychological safety that participants did not always feel comfortable sharing with a researcher who was... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.54 | 0.856 | ["interview", "education"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843802 | [
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icipants mentioned that they felt unable to articulate the full impact of the program as they were being interviewed so soon after the final coaching session. Interviewing participants at longer time intervals post-intervention could provide a clearer picture of how they were able to integrate insights from the program... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.42 | 0.834 | ["interview", "career", "education"] | 448 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843856 | [
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due to the limited number of study participants. As noted by McGonagle and colleagues in their coaching study, [ 5 ] despite our standardization approaches, there was some variation between coaches in their coaching style and leadership tools offered. Finally, our study design involved an intentional selection bias: ou... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.488 | 0.832 | ["education", "leadership"] | 444 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843907 | [
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ticipate, resulting in highly engaged physicians. Future studies could usefully explore whether this type of selection bias is essential for the success of this type of intervention or whether it is possible to achieve similar gains with a standard-issue 360 leadership coaching program. Future studies that employ mixed... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.478 | 0.828 | ["leadership"] | 433 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.843964 | [
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learer understanding of the intervention effects. Future directions Next steps include exploring how to optimize each element of the 360 leadership coaching intervention. This includes exploring the optimal number of coaching sessions to support targeted leadership growth, how frequently participants should receive rep... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.49 | 0.822 | ["leadership", "strategy"] | 465 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.844017 | [
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al strategy for physician leadership development. Additional investigation of these factors will allow us to provide evidence-based guidance for the organization-level infrastructure needed to support physician leadership development. It is currently unknown how this intervention affects organization-level outcome meas... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.614 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "strategy", "management"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.844071 | [
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gerial competencies, and additional quality metrics that we anticipate would improve as a result of the institutional investment in leadership coaching. Additionally, future studies would usefully investigate the duration of the effect using longitudinal investigation. Conclusions Leadership is a complex activity that ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.461 | 0.83 | ["leadership"] | 437 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.844123 | [
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ding of how to properly execute plans [ 4 , 19 ]. Leadership is also a dynamic, relational activity that relies on the internal compass of the individual leader as well as their courage and wisdom to appropriately navigate unpredictable and uncharted situations [ 19 , 20 ]. The ‘curriculum’ to prepare physicians for th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.603 | 0.836 | ["leadership", "crisis", "education"] | 422 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.844198 | [
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e than didactics and a checklist of competencies. Providing advanced tools like coaching and 360-feedback creates space for physicians to hone the most important tool in their leadership arsenal, themselves. Our study shows that creating this reflective space and applying these tools properly has a significant impact o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.457 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "education", "philosophy"] | 499 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.844280 | [
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A. (18.6KB, docx) Additional file 2: Appendix B. (13.7KB, docx) Additional file 3: Appendix C. (15.3KB, docx) Acknowledgements Thank you to Sang-ick Chang, Alpa Vyas, Mystique Smith-Bentley, and the Health Care Partner Fund for sponsorship. Thank you to Marie Haverfield and Mickey Trockel for research support. Thank yo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.477 | 0.68 | ["education"] | 430 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.844348 | [
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and to Crista Minthorn for 360 tool development. Authors’ contributions RS: Study design, data acquisition, data analysis, data interpretation, preparation of initial manuscript, writing and editing. BWE: Project conceptualization, study design, study intervention delivery, writing and editing. EW: Project conceptualiz... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.551 | 0.81 | ["education"] | 457 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.844404 | [
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study intervention delivery, writing and editing. SW: Project administration, data analysis, data interpretation, editing. BKD: Data analysis, data interpretation, editing. RB: Data analysis, data interpretation, editing. MK: Project conceptualization, project administration, editing. LK: Project conceptualization, stu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.544 | 0.658 | ["education"] | 461 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.844568 | [
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author(s) read and approved the final manuscript. Funding Funding was provided by the Department of Patient Experience, the Stanford Health Care Partners Fund, and the Division of Primary Care and Population Health. The funding bodies were not involved in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or writ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.338 | 0.856 | ["education", "strategy", "management"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.844704 | [
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only available to a sub-set of the research team to ensure participant confidentiality and to prevent any potential analytic bias associated with the coaching relationship). Deidentified qualitative data according to theme can be made available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author. Declarations Ethics ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.428 | 0.842 | ["philosophy", "management", "ethics", "networking"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.844768 | [
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nts provided informed consent prior to participating. All methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, following all relevant guidelines and regulations. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests EW and DD provide independent leadership coaching services. The remaining author... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.596 | 0.834 | ["philosophy", "leadership"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.844822 | [
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ate a Culture of Wellness. Acad Psychiatry. 2021. [ DOI ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 16. Bakke BM, Sheu L, Hauer KE. Fostering a feedback mindset: a qualitative exploration of medical students’ feedback experiences with longitudinal coaches. Acad Med. 2020;95(7):1057–1065. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003012. [ DOI ] ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.611 | 0.69 | ["communication", "rhetoric"] | 425 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.845315 | [
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resh K, Shah P, Dieujuste N, Thurmon K, Jones CD. Effect of a novel online group-coaching program to reduce burnout in female resident physicians: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(5):e2210752. 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.10752. Erratum in: JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jun 1;5(6):e2220348. PMID: 35522281; PM... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.547 | 0.684 | ["crisis", "networking"] | 432 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.845379 | [
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rtzell JD, Yu CE, Cohee BM, Nelson MR, Wilson RL. Moving beyond accidental leadership: a graduate medical education leadership curriculum needs assessment. Mil Med. 2017;182(7):e1815–e1822. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00365. [ DOI ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 19. McChrystal S, Eggers J, Mangone J. Leaders: myth and rea... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.59 | 0.682 | ["leadership", "education"] | 451 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.845440 | [
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itude and leadership. The American Scholar; 2010. [ Google Scholar ] Associated Data This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article. Supplementary Materials Additional file 1: Appendix A. (18.6KB, docx) Additional file 2: Appendix B. (13.7KB, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.503 | 0.696 | ["leadership", "education"] | 511 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.845527 | [
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y available (and were only available to a sub-set of the research team to ensure participant confidentiality and to prevent any potential analytic bias associated with the coaching relationship). Deidentified qualitative data according to theme can be made available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9590387/ | Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.45 | 0.792 | ["management", "networking", "philosophy"] | 321 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:32.845579 | [
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Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Abstract Multisource or 360-degree feedback has become a widely used component of leadership development in many organizations, and a growing body of research supports its use for this purpose. Unfortunately, most commercially available multisource survey... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15499805/ | Development and validation of a 360-degree-feedback instrument for healthcare administrators - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.577 | 0.818 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 453 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:33.045651 | [
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to healthcare settings less than straightforward. This article describes a research project undertaken to develop a job-relevant, commercial-quality multisource feedback survey for use in health administration settings. Using critical incident methodology and enlisting the help of subject matter expert groups (i.e., ex... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15499805/ | Development and validation of a 360-degree-feedback instrument for healthcare administrators - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.422 | 0.824 | ["leadership", "career", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:33.045969 | [
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etency framework was developed containing 26 competencies arranged according to seven clusters. A third survey was then conducted with incumbent leaders to populate the competency framework with behavioral descriptors. The end result was a survey consisting of 128 total items that, when matrixed across four relationshi... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15499805/ | Development and validation of a 360-degree-feedback instrument for healthcare administrators - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.415 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "networking"] | 508 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:33.046064 | [
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ity against other measures of leadership ability. Results from these studies suggest that the instrument can provide reliable and valid assessments of leadership effectiveness for development purposes. PubMed Disclaimer Publication types Validation Study Actions Search in PubMed Search in MeSH Add to Search MeSH terms ... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15499805/ | Development and validation of a 360-degree-feedback instrument for healthcare administrators - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.455 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "education"] | 512 | Giving and Receiving Feedback Leadership | topic | 2026-04-01T04:08:33.046130 | [
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