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Behav Sci (Basel) . 2024 Jun 11;14(6):491. doi: 10.3390/bs14060491 Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior JongHyun Lee JongHyun Lee 1 Graduate School of Tourism Management, Kyonggi University, Seoul 033746, Republic of Korea; jonghyun_l@naver.com... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.646 | 0.838 | ["education", "leadership", "management", "governance"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.714365 | [
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ent of leadership and organizational culture theory by examining the influence of inclusive leadership on the diversity climate, which is an organizational atmosphere; the impact of diversity climate on change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior; and the mediating effect of diversity climate between inclusive ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.634 | 0.822 | ["leadership", "education"] | 463 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.714658 | [
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oul 033746, Republic of Korea Find articles by HyoungChul Shin 2, * Editor: Andy Smith Author information Article notes Copyright and License information 1 Graduate School of Tourism Management, Kyonggi University, Seoul 033746, Republic of Korea; jonghyun_l@naver.com 2 Department of Foodservice and Culinary Management... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.522 | 0.844 | ["governance", "education", "management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.714795 | [
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ditor Received 2024 Apr 26; Revised 2024 Jun 4; Accepted 2024 Jun 6; Collection date 2024 Jun. © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ). PMC... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.656 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "innovation", "education"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.714922 | [
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and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior in hotel work. It also examines whether the diversity climate mediates the relationship between inclusive leadership and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. An online survey was conducted among hotel employees. It was found that inclusive leadersh... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.44 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "networking"] | 511 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.715035 | [
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e-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, and inclusive leadership had a significant positive effect on change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. Finally, inclusive leadership had a significant positive effect on change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior through a diversity climate. The resul... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.478 | 0.826 | ["leadership", "management", "education"] | 511 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.715111 | [
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work environment according to changes in hotels’ environmental factors for a new generation of employees flowing into the organizational mainstream. Keywords: inclusive leadership, diversity climate, organizational citizenship behavior, hotel industry 1. Introduction Hotel work is becoming increasingly complex and inte... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.45 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "networking", "economy", "education"] | 477 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.715188 | [
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ew culture in their employee relationships [ 1 ]. A hotel is where leaders and employees of an organization gather to discuss job performance. Effective performance can be challenging, as it includes visible differences such as gender, age, and race as well as invisible ones such as talent, education level, and cultura... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.487 | 0.858 | ["philosophy", "leadership", "networking", "career", "education"] | 480 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.715268 | [
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employees will perform their duties effectively. At present, hotels are witnessing a new generation of employees entering their overall mainstream, and they are showing different attitudes and characteristics from those of previous generations, leading leaders to experience trial and error for the correct understanding... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.51 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "management", "ethics", "crisis", "philosophy"] | 510 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.715387 | [
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ciation and encouragement for their contributions and their responses to an uncertain future through listening, effort, recognition, and response to individuals [ 7 , 8 ]. Inclusive leaders can change the working attitudes of employees, develop leadership and trust in the organization, and enable employees to act openl... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.673 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "communication", "networking", "philosophy"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.715634 | [
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ertainty, role stress, and anxiety among employees, strengthening commitment to individuals, and insisting on cooperation among team members [ 7 ]. Inclusive leaders’ supportive actions can maximize performance by encouraging employees to participate in decision-making, understand everyone from a position of equality, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.674 | 0.814 | ["leadership", "management", "decision_making", "social_justice", "philosophy"] | 421 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.715815 | [
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ilities through work for the organization [ 10 ]. While there are some negative aspects to intellectual resource diversity, the positive aspects of diverse perspectives, information, and knowledge through the employment of personnel from different backgrounds have received greater emphasis [ 11 ]. Diversity in intellec... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.414 | 0.842 | ["career", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.715984 | [
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s, attitudes, and capabilities in the organization, the greater the company’s adaptability to a changing society and the greater the trigger for innovation [ 12 ]. Organizations must have access to a broader range of intellectual resources for achieving change-oriented innovation in a more efficient way [ 13 , 14 , 15 ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.504 | 0.86 | ["leadership", "innovation", "crisis", "philosophy"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.716095 | [
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ization with diverse intellectual resources and act to help them [ 7 , 8 , 16 ]. Where both uniqueness and belonging are satisfied, employees can feel comfortable being their true selves [ 17 , 18 ]. Change-oriented non-work behavioral division [ 13 , 14 ]. contributes to an organization by demonstrating their potentia... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.511 | 0.858 | ["leadership", "strategy", "philosophy"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.716163 | [
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ing, change-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors that are difficult for employees to implement outside of the tasks that they are facing. This is because it is difficult for individuals to respond quickly to crises during rapid changes in the organization’s business environment [ 14 , 20 ]. From this perspecti... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.503 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "crisis", "philosophy"] | 511 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.716327 | [
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ough the creation of a diversity climate, leading to change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, an out-of-role behavior that is given to employees [ 14 , 21 , 22 ]. In spite of the importance of inclusive leadership, a climate of diversity, and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, studies that... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.445 | 0.832 | ["leadership"] | 479 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.716393 | [
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ship behavior related to hotels are insufficient. In recent years, as the pace of change in society has accelerated, hotels are facing uncertainties and changes that have not been experienced before [ 23 ]. Various factors, such as technological advances, market fluctuations, and changes in consumer trends, change rapi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.345 | 0.838 | ["crisis"] | 424 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.716478 | [
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ve if they fail to adapt to these changes [ 23 ]. Therefore, it may be necessary to identify the role of inclusive leadership, diversity climate, and change-oriented organizational citizenship that can induce the ability to quickly grasp and understand change, the ability to create and experiment with new ideas, and th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.543 | 0.696 | ["leadership", "communication"] | 431 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.716831 | [
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embers of the organization [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Despite the emphasis on the importance of inclusive leadership and diversity climate, few studies have applied and observed the relationship between inclusive leadership and diversity climate in the hotel industry. This study aims to empirically verify the effect of the... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.461 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "networking", "economy", "education"] | 431 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.716924 | [
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climate and organizational citizenship behavior. In this relationship, we also examine the mediating effect of the diversity climate on inclusive leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. These empirical studies investigate the importance of inclusive leadership in forming a diversity climate and organization... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.619 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "management", "networking", "philosophy"] | 509 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.717041 | [
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fficiency of human resource management in hotels. 2. Theoretical Background 2.1. Inclusive Leadership Diversity management in organizations can be challenging, but inclusion in the workplace begins in relation to the perspective of viewing diversity in an organization as positive rather than negative [ 27 , 28 ]. Diver... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.625 | 0.822 | ["management", "leadership"] | 437 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.717109 | [
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marginalized employees of organizations to work. It provides equitable opportunities for previously marginalized individuals to participate in work through the perspective of fairness [ 29 ]. The value of inclusion has been consistently discussed in this context, and it creates conflict resolution and harmony among ind... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.444 | 0.848 | ["war_conflict"] | 511 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.717216 | [
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ve of discrimination-fairness to integration-learning [ 16 , 32 , 33 ]. Leadership research has shown dramatic developments, and transformational, ethical, empowering, genuine, and participatory leadership styles are also very diverse [ 34 ]. These leadership styles can help an organization [ 33 ]. In recent years, inc... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.67 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "ethics", "education", "philosophy"] | 439 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.717381 | [
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limate has attracted attention. [ 16 , 33 , 35 ]. This leadership type is attracting attention among many scholars with respect to the relationship between leaders and employees in an organization. The influence of inclusive leadership based on social exchange theory has been shown to lead to improved perceptions, atti... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.673 | 0.864 | ["leadership", "networking", "philosophy"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.717497 | [
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an help maximize individuals’ potential through the enhancement of various employees’ uniqueness and sense of belonging, arguing that more research is needed [ 16 , 19 ]. Inclusive leadership maximizes the organization’s adaptability by improving the organization’s collective intelligence through an increase in the org... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "networking", "philosophy"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.717578 | [
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hrough interpersonal relationships or individual behavior, helping followers demonstrate this behavior in the processes of communication, motivation, and decision-making, Then, individuals exert influence on many employees for the achievement of common goals [ 36 , 37 ]. In inclusive leadership, supervisors create infl... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.661 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "communication", "decision_making", "motivation", "networking"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.717650 | [
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sense of belonging to an organization as employees [ 7 ]. Openness, availability, and accessibility are central to the composition of inclusive leadership [ 7 ]. Openness refers to the behavior of leaders who provide ideas or encourage their followers to participate in decision-making. Psychological safety can be enhan... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.49 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "decision_making", "philosophy"] | 436 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.717714 | [
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ptive to differences between employees [ 7 , 9 ]. Availability means that leaders can listen to their followers’ needs and questions as well as receive their feedback, and the degree of this feature can be checked by whether employees consider that they can discuss problems with leaders when they arise [ 7 , 9 ]. Final... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.513 | 0.876 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.717797 | [
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ers are seen as easy to reach for discussing critical work issues [ 7 , 9 ]. 2.2. Diversity Climate Diversity is defined as individuals and groups of two or more, not at the individual level [ 11 ]. Identity in a group is an essential factor in diversity, and people tend to categorize themselves or others in relation t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.449 | 0.874 | ["war_conflict"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.717896 | [
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fers to an individual’s perception of whether an organization is integrating various employees through their policies or strategies, such as in terms of minority employment preference policies and career development programs, and it can be measured as the subjective evaluation of whether the given organization values d... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.537 | 0.706 | ["career", "ethics"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.717987 | [
0.030569283291697502,
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nities to minorities who were not recognized as mainstream employees and were omitted by organizations with respect to the aspects of discrimination and fairness [ 29 ]. Recent studies highlight several theoretical gaps and potential boundary conditions in the diversity climate and outcome relationship [ 2 , 40 , 41 ].... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.591 | 0.854 | ["networking", "philosophy"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.718099 | [
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red this proposal and theorized direct relationships. Moreover, companies emphasize specific climate-related targets, such as services and safety, as strategic imperatives [ 40 ]. To maximize the potential of all of the organization’s employees and link them to performance, a limit has been identified to emphasize fair... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.409 | 0.826 | ["strategy", "networking", "philosophy"] | 450 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.718164 | [
0.0071688746102154255,
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... | ||
essed through existing diversity climate studies. This has been expanded to reflect many subjective concepts, such as employees’ values, perspectives, thoughts, and attitudes [ 2 , 43 ]. It is necessary to include a process that synergistically promotes higher performance by effectively using human diversity in the org... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.429 | 0.848 | ["ethics", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.718252 | [
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... | ||
in which other employees’ views, backgrounds, knowledge, and ideas are actively exchanged [ 2 ]. In relation to synergy or integration-learning, the perception of diversity climate is the perception of employees of the degree to which the organization strives to listen to the opinions of various employees, recognize th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.589 | 0.696 | ["education", "ethics", "philosophy"] | 473 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.718321 | [
0.07748079299926758,
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l as fair treatment and personnel policies [ 2 ]. In addition to legitimacy in terms of fairness, equity, and discrimination, scholars indicate that recognition of differences, beginning with the concept of inclusion and recognition of diverse views, must be included [ 2 ]. Their diversity climate indicates the way tha... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.445 | 0.834 | [] | 421 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.718393 | [
0.0031319763511419296,
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ch as those pertaining to gender and race [ 44 ]. A diversity climate must include consideration of minority groups, recognizing how valuable an organization’s employees are, promoting organizational diversity, and socially integrating employees belonging to marginalized groups [ 45 ]. Thus, the diversity climate has a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.442 | 0.836 | [] | 450 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.718449 | [
0.05561847612261772,
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he more positive the organization appears [ 46 ]. A fair and inclusive climate is the central component of a diversity climate [ 21 ]. First, the development of a diversity climate must include various forms of fairness as perceived by employees when they work. This approach enables employees to become more identified ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.424 | 0.858 | ["philosophy"] | 481 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.718515 | [
0.030085327103734016,
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orming their duties more extensively [ 47 , 48 ]. Second, the inclusion diversity climate can effectively predict satisfaction, immersion, and performance due to the recognition of how much the organization, through its management, is striving to achieve its mission, in which employees feel themselves part of a critica... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.577 | 0.71 | ["philosophy", "management", "decision_making"] | 511 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.718578 | [
0.07002515345811844,
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to its information and resources [ 27 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. 2.3. Organizational Citizenship Behavior Organizational citizenship behavior refers to actions that members of an organization voluntarily perform to develop the organization, apart from official work norms or rewards. This action shows commitment and respons... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.381 | 0.854 | ["philosophy", "war_conflict"] | 505 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.718651 | [
-0.01628166064620018,
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fforts and the organizational environment [ 53 ]. Organizational citizenship behavior can be a practical aspect of behavior that can improve an organization’s effectiveness without incurring additional costs [ 54 ]. Organizational citizenship behavior is defined as discretionary behavior that promotes organizational ef... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.39 | 0.834 | ["faith_spirituality"] | 503 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.718735 | [
0.02102605625987053,
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s spirit, and loyalty to the organization [ 22 ]. That is, helping is the most frequent behavior and easiest to implement in organizational citizenship behavior. However, while behaviors including speaking and suggesting individual initiatives improve performance on the job, they are more likely to harm social relation... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.561 | 0.856 | ["communication", "crisis", "career", "faith_spirituality", "philosophy"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.718802 | [
0.003604583442211151,
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as become one of the most popular topics in the public administration field [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. However, some scholars have argued that organized citizenship behavior is insufficient to ensure an organization’s sustainable viability [ 14 , 53 , 58 ]. Organizations have suggested that change-oriented organized citizenship... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.402 | 0.854 | ["crisis"] | 477 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.718869 | [
0.0254822988063097,
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rganizational function are necessary [ 53 , 59 ]. It is explained that if an individual shows a high level of change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, they are likely to be in a dangerous situation, mainly because it challenges the tradition and function of the organization in the organizational and politic... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.412 | 0.848 | ["crisis"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.718932 | [
0.0034700455144047737,
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... | ||
are expected to change organizational function about effectively working in the context of their job, unit of work, or organization [ 53 ]. Thus, challenging behaviors that are particularly difficult to implement in organizational citizenship behaviors are considered change-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.412 | 0.84 | ["crisis", "career"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.718995 | [
-0.03289291635155678,
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0.033... | ||
made by employees to bring about new approaches to work, process changes, and policy changes to improve a work environment and its practices [ 14 ]. Because most existing variables related to change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior relate to organizational effectiveness, previous studies have generally stud... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.502 | 0.692 | [] | 505 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.719062 | [
0.005081830080598593,
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0.... | ||
dity have also begun to be conducted [ 13 , 14 ]. Related studies show that leadership, leadership support, organizational support, and organizational atmosphere are widely adopted as antecedent variables for change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior [ 13 , 14 , 60 ]. Change-oriented organizational citizenshi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.412 | 0.838 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.719130 | [
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havior are as follows: task modification [ 61 ], personal initiative [ 62 ], positive and active behavior [ 63 ], speech behavior [ 64 ], leading behavior [ 58 ], adaptation performance [ 65 ], creative performance [ 66 ], and innovative behavior [ 67 ]. 2.4. Correlation among Variables Research showing the mechanisms ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.582 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "innovation", "networking", "rhetoric"] | 475 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.719205 | [
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ip between leaders and employees is insufficient. Researchers who have previously studied diversity climate awareness have indicated the importance of organizations and leaders sending consistent messages to employees to reinforce the positive effects of diversity climate [ 68 , 69 , 70 ]. Leaders provide encouragement... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.441 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "decision_making", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.719432 | [
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ental characteristic of the organization, to provide clues on the appropriateness and acceptability of specific actions for organizational salvation [ 19 , 71 ]. Where the inclusive leadership of leaders is successfully recognized among the organization’s employees, it can be adopted as a significant predictor of organ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.668 | 0.836 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 440 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.719640 | [
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fairness and inclusion [ 7 , 8 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Ultimately, openness, usefulness, and accessibility, which embody inclusive leadership within the organization as perceived by employees, directly affect the organization’s climate of fairness and diversity [ 7 , 8 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. This study es... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.661 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "education"] | 430 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.719857 | [
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ive leadership affects the diversity climate. H1. Inclusive leadership has a significant positive effect on the diversity climate. There has been insufficient research describing the mechanisms for the positive effects of change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior in a climate of diversity in an organization a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.469 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "networking", "philosophy"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.719956 | [
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citizenship behavior and organizational effectiveness by means of satisfaction, immersion, fairness, and friendly relationships, which are antecedent variables for organizational citizenship behavior. Diversity in the organization can be expected to present voluntary assistance and non-role actions for one’s fellow emp... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.425 | 0.842 | ["networking"] | 511 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.720076 | [
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uted and embraced; if they perceive themselves to be helpful within the organization, they are all the more likely to take various actions to improve organizational performance [ 35 , 74 ]. If employees become fairly and inclusively aware of the atmosphere within the organization, the results of change-oriented civic o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.588 | 0.708 | ["philosophy", "war_conflict"] | 463 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.720143 | [
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performance [ 13 , 14 , 16 , 19 , 75 , 76 , 77 ]. Ultimately, the climate of fair and inclusive diversity, which forms a climate of diversity in the organization as perceived by employees, directly affects change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior [ 13 , 14 , 16 , 19 , 35 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 ]. Synt... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.591 | 0.878 | ["philosophy"] | 498 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.720225 | [
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avior and establish the following hypothesis. H2. A diversity climate has a significant positive effect on change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. Too little research has been conducted on the mechanisms for the positive effects of change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior on the relationship bet... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.461 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "networking"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.720319 | [
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e leadership and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior in terms of the relationship between leaders and organizational employees [ 60 ]. Leaders’ inclusive leadership differs with regard to coaching and participatory leadership in its open nature, and such a leader’s behavior recognizes employees as a fac... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.639 | 0.824 | ["leadership", "innovation", "networking", "philosophy"] | 433 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.720390 | [
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al employees and encourages proposals [ 9 , 78 ]. Inclusive leadership enhances the organizational adaptability of the organization’s employees by presenting ’their responsibilities and activities and promoting change and continuous innovation in the organization [ 79 , 80 ]. Leaders’ inclusive leadership can be unders... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.678 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "innovation", "management", "social_justice", "philosophy"] | 511 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.720458 | [
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ties instead of commands and controls in terms of supporting employees [ 7 , 8 , 81 , 82 ]. Here, openness, usefulness, and accessibility, as well as inclusive leadership within an organization as perceived by employees, directly affect change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior [ 7 , 9 , 60 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 8... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.638 | 0.864 | ["leadership", "education"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.720547 | [
-0.00032678619027137756,
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... | ||
behavior and established the following hypotheses. H3. Inclusive leadership has a significant positive effect on change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. H4. Inclusive leadership has a significant positive effect on change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior through a diversity climate. This study ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.631 | 0.686 | ["leadership", "education"] | 510 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.720612 | [
0.037282343953847885,
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1 ). Figure 1. Open in a new tab Study model. 3. Materials and Methods 3.1. Data Collection and Method The participation sample in this study consisted of employees working at domestic hotels in 2023. Samples were collected using snowball sampling on 1 April 2023. The survey was completed through Google Online, and the... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.522 | 0.69 | ["education", "economy"] | 420 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.720693 | [
0.08031023293733597,
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... | ||
s working at the hotel through online messengers. Each hotel collaborator was provided with a prescribed product, and respondents collected data with voluntary consent. The first question in the online questionnaire was whether or not to participate in the survey, and it was conducted anonymously, so ethical approval w... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.523 | 0.838 | ["ethics", "economy"] | 437 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.720758 | [
0.012090974487364292,
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data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 27.0. It was analyzed using a two-step approach, and confirmatory factors and reliability analysis were performed to verify the validity and reliability of the data. Structural equation modeling was performed to test the research hypothesis. 3.2. Measurement The measurement i... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.549 | 0.672 | ["philosophy", "management", "education"] | 413 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.720828 | [
0.017200330272316933,
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nizational and human resource management studies. All items were translated and modified, and the participants provided their responses on a 5-point Likert-type scale (from strongly disagree to strongly agree). Inclusive leadership was measured in terms of openness (four items), availability (four items), and accessibi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.64 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "management"] | 498 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.720925 | [
0.06000378355383873,
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inclusive diversity climate (four items) [ 21 ]. Finally, the dependent variable, change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, was measured using four questions [ 14 , 58 , 67 ]. Detailed measurement questions for variables are in Appendix A . 4. Results 4.1. Demographics of the Participants Table 1 presents th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.607 | 0.678 | [] | 416 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.720991 | [
0.11720693111419678,
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n were 52.0% of the sample, and women were 48.0%. The largest group by age was those in their 20s, at 70.2%, and the most common position was that of an associate administrator, at 29.8%. The most common working period was less than 3 years, at 67.4%. Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the participants. Demographi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.535 | 0.73 | ["education"] | 511 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.721079 | [
0.11404773592948914,
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older 3 0.8 Education High school diploma or less 64 18.0 Associate degree 106 29.8 Bachelor’s degree (4-year university) 104 29.2 Graduate degree or higher 82 23.0 Working period Less than 3 years 240 67.4 Between 3 and 5 years 71 19.9 Between 5 and 10 years 24 6.7 More than 10 years 21 5.9 Total 356 100 Open in a new... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.538 | 0.728 | ["education"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.721154 | [
0.09474895149469376,
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feasibility of the research structure are presented in Table 2 . Inclusive leadership and diversity climate are composed of secondary factors, and the sub-variables for each concept were measured as primary factors by averaging their mean points using a multiple-dimension bundle approach. The results indicate the fitne... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.451 | 0.836 | ["leadership"] | 502 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.721223 | [
0.07420230656862259,
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0.03241840... | ||
or the data, based on goodness-of-fit statistics. A good model fit was assessed, as follows χ 2 = 46.507 (df = 24, p = 0.000), CMIN/DF = 1.938, RMR = 0.010, GFI = 0.973, AGFI = 0.949, NFI = 0.990, IFI = 0.990, TLI = 0.985, CFI = 0.990, RMSEA = 0. In addition, the standardized factor load was 0.5 or higher, and concept ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.504 | 0.742 | ["ethics"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.721317 | [
0.019180767238140106,
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0.0016704851295799017,
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ency of each structure, and the values of 0.870 and 0.911 met the threshold [ 85 ]. Table 2. Confirmatory factor analysis. Factor and Variable Standardized Loading S.E C.R AVE Composite Construction Reliability (CCR) Cronbach’s α Inclusive leadership Openness 0.907 - - 0.895 0.962 0.911 Availability 0.856 0.043 22.356 ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.611 | 0.7 | ["leadership", "ethics"] | 511 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.721427 | [
0.08222854882478714,
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0.... | ||
1 0.046 20.778 *** Change-oriented Organizational behavior COOI1 0.761 - - 0.780 0.934 0.870 COOI2 0.809 0.068 15.519 *** COOI3 0.851 0.069 16.366 *** COOI4 0.757 0.072 14.406 *** Open in a new tab χ 2 = 46.507 (df = 24, p = 0.000), CMIN/DF = 1.938, RMR = 0.010, GFI = 0.973, AGFI = 0.949, NFI = 0.980, IFI = 0.990, TLI ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.499 | 0.718 | [] | 444 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.721514 | [
0.019033463671803474,
-0.052826423197984695,
-0.10789916664361954,
-0.05981898307800293,
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0.047230467200279236,
0.021562984213232994,
0.04040122404694557,
0.07938499003648758,
-0.07408585399389267,
-0.08592705428600311,
0.... | ||
idity Table 3 presents the discriminant validity. Applying the relationship between diversity climate with the highest correlation between variables and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, the correlation coefficient between diversity climate and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior was ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.417 | 0.67 | ["networking"] | 480 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.721610 | [
0.0511038675904274,
-0.017503198236227036,
-0.04932603985071182,
-0.03979741036891937,
0.037278566509485245,
0.027396351099014282,
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0.02646584063768387,
0.018284786492586136,
0.0443810410797596,
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0.03762469068169594,
0.035916... | ||
ed organizational citizenship behavior was 0.780. Discriminant validity was supported because the AVE value of the two variables was larger than the square of the correlation coefficient, and the inclusive leadership AVE 0.895, which is greater than 0.538 [ 86 ]. Table 3. Discriminant validity of the variables. Factor ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.458 | 0.694 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.721711 | [
0.0322505347430706,
0.023358631879091263,
-0.011671530082821846,
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0.017766548320651054,
0.04900998994708061,
0.07800187170505524,
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0.004921706859022379,
0.0513... | ||
e 0.651 ** (2) 0.907 0.534 Change-oriented organizational behavior 0.606 ** 0.731 ** 0.780 Open in a new tab Note: ** p < 0.01. (1) Diagonal represents the average variance extracted; (2) area below the diagonal represents the correlation coefficient for the constructs (r); (3) area above the diagonal represents the sq... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.514 | 0.726 | [] | 501 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.721779 | [
0.018904130905866623,
-0.041771452873945236,
-0.014205549843609333,
0.030567709356546402,
0.01670018769800663,
0.03136717528104782,
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0.03526165336370468,
0.048436909914016724,
0.039607636630535126,
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0.001... | ||
: β = 0.644, p < 0.001; H3; β = 0.242, p < 0.01). Table 4 presents the results of SEM computed using AMOS 27.0 to test the hypothesis. The model goodness-of-fit was χ 2 = 46.507 (df = 24, p = 0.004), CMIN/DF = 1.938, RMR = 0.010, GFI = 0.973, AGFI = 0.949, NFI = 0.980, IFI = 0.990, TLI = 0.985, CFI = 0.990, and RMSEA =... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.478 | 0.658 | [] | 486 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.721840 | [
0.022833043709397316,
-0.05032997205853462,
-0.015566733665764332,
0.08443363010883331,
0.039586231112480164,
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0.10205311328172684,
0.012139599770307541,
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0.026454845443367958,
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-0.... | ||
Hypothesis 3 was supported (β = 0.143, p < 0.05). Hypothesis 4 was verified by applying 500 bootstrapping samples. For Hypothesis 4 was adopted (β = 0.525, p < 0.01). Table 4. Results of structural equation model analysis. Estimate t -Value p -Value Indirect Effect Decision Process (Hypothesis) Estimate p H1 Inclusive ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.608 | 0.706 | ["leadership", "decision_making"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.721937 | [
0.049651890993118286,
0.029525144025683403,
0.020332567393779755,
0.02640135958790779,
0.06687238067388535,
0.018362682312726974,
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0.07178469002246857,
0.012121917679905891,
-0.02250119112432003,
0.025066502392292023,
0.000... | ||
*** 0.000 Accepted H3 Inclusive leadership -> change-oriented organizational citizenship 0.143 2.123 * 0.034 Accepted H4 Inclusive leadership -> change-oriented organizational citizenship (mediating effects of diversity climate) 0.525 ** 0.004 Accepted Open in a new tab * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. 5. Discus... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.649 | 0.706 | ["leadership"] | 511 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.722006 | [
0.04079725965857506,
0.05001755431294441,
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0.028614450246095657,
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0.0045209662057459354,
0.... | ||
dership is needed more than ever to strengthen the inclusive leadership that is perceived by the organization due to changes in the environmental factors that surround the hotel [ 88 ]. The systematic response of a hotel requires voluntary and dedicated participation and efforts from the hotel’s standpoint to increase ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.57 | 0.694 | ["leadership"] | 464 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.722071 | [
0.06911762803792953,
0.07834544032812119,
0.06184960529208183,
0.079510897397995,
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0.03736418858170509,
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0.03975477069616318,
0.08238713... | ||
affected by hotels’ leadership operations [ 88 ]. This study was conducted to provide data to describe the development of hotel leaders’ leadership through identifying the effect of positive, inclusive leadership as perceived by employees on diversity climate and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, the... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.452 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "education"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.722142 | [
0.08904765546321869,
0.02697267010807991,
0.001792004331946373,
0.041744548827409744,
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0.05430718883872032,
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0.06756589561700821,
0.0... | ||
clusive leadership and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Hotels are an international environment where customers and organizational members from various cultural backgrounds meet, and the importance of inclusive leadership, diversity climate, and change-oriented organizational citize... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.593 | 0.818 | ["leadership"] | 425 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.722235 | [
0.051642727106809616,
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0.04944290965795517,
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0.054660748690366745,
0.056... | ||
etitiveness in this environment [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. The results of the empirical analyses are as follows: In the investigation of Hypothesis 1, it was found that inclusive leadership perceived by hotel employees directly affects the diversity climate. This finding supports the results of previous studies that inclusive l... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.485 | 0.858 | ["leadership"] | 415 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.722303 | [
0.09992232918739319,
0.030078979209065437,
0.049920454621315,
0.03844882547855377,
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0.08186294883489609,
0.027960... | ||
8 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 24 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. It is necessary to create a form that can reduce negative organizational culture by emphasizing a positive organizational atmosphere and recognizing the need for others’ inclusive leadership at the organizational level. It is possible to resolve leaders’ openness, usefu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.512 | 0.868 | ["leadership", "decision_making", "philosophy"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.722367 | [
0.02430104650557041,
0.06745623797178268,
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0.019368087872862816,
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0.03877592459321022,
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0.08491934835910797,
0... | ||
and allowing them to participate in decision-making [ 24 ]. The investigation of Hypothesis 2 confirmed that the diversity climate perceived by employees of a hotel company had a direct effect on change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, and the results of several previous studies were supported [ 13 , 14 , ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.406 | 0.884 | ["communication", "decision_making"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.722432 | [
0.10126342624425888,
0.017037978395819664,
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0.03154914081096649,
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0.008656262420117855,
0.038478076457977295,
0.0152817... | ||
d its employees, namely, the basis for a hotel’s organizational performance. The climate of fair diversity and inclusive diversity of the organizational atmosphere perceived in the process of performing the entire capabilities of the leaders and employees of the organization is likely to contribute to the development o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.438 | 0.832 | ["philosophy", "leadership"] | 455 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.722525 | [
0.11184343695640564,
0.011933021247386932,
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0.04164554923772812,
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0.030170990154147148,
0.010621038265526295,
0.0639505535364151,
0.053536... | ||
positively shape hotels’ organizational cultures. Change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior taking place for leaders in an organization and its employees can resolve the management method without development in response to a smooth organizational environment operation method [ 25 ]. The investigation of Hypot... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.618 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "management"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.722595 | [
0.058755338191986084,
0.045950524508953094,
-0.02138625457882881,
0.0005276611773297191,
0.002193212043493986,
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0.013852383941411972,
0.10091914981603622,
0.025375043973326683,
0.06772070378065109,
0.040... | ||
nal citizenship behavior, and the results of several previous studies were supported [ 7 , 9 , 26 , 60 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 ]. This is interpreted to mean that it is possible for employees to smoothly share an organizational atmosphere that is based on individual intellectual ability in hotel companies that have a ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.425 | 0.858 | ["philosophy"] | 454 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.722670 | [
0.05398046597838402,
0.02387252263724804,
-0.037795376032590866,
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0.0801437571644783,
0.05... | ||
nd commitment are formed within the organization. Openness, usefulness, and accessibility, which form the inclusive leadership of leaders in the organization, require management that can reduce hostile leaders’ awareness of inclusive leadership to allow them to quickly move forward with rapidly developing trends of cre... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.645 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "philosophy", "management", "innovation"] | 489 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.722745 | [
0.050562549382448196,
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0.03866055607795715,
0.02070671319961548,
0.02667476050555706,
0.02... | ||
bility between hotels and their employees [ 26 ]. The investigation of Hypothesis 4 confirmed that the diversity climate had a mediating effect on change-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors, and the results of several previous studies were supported [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 3... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.456 | 0.672 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.722814 | [
0.08913873881101608,
0.036489639431238174,
0.021252941340208054,
0.010637642815709114,
0.022321831434965134,
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0.02181016467511654,
0.017643988132476807,
0.0672299787402153,
0.0283537... | ||
ity climate and diversity climate on change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior was more significant than its effect on change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, diversity climate is an important parameter. From this, we can conclude that the inclusive leadership of leaders who will be ne... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.504 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "innovation", "philosophy"] | 467 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.722910 | [
0.06800244003534317,
0.03889784961938858,
0.01284863706678152,
-0.014317385852336884,
0.03566830977797508,
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0.045556727796792984,
0.01180917676538229,
0.003915055654942989,
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0.06176987290382385,
0.04926... | ||
mate while negatively affecting the organization. An inclusive leader of a hotel can create an atmosphere of respecting and embracing members of various organizations with leadership styles that encourage and appreciate the participation of members of various cultural backgrounds, values, and ideas and support all memb... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.51 | 0.824 | ["leadership", "ethics"] | 413 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.722995 | [
0.046511732041835785,
0.0975605696439743,
-0.007587376516312361,
0.04265669360756874,
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0.03849167376756668,
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0.027138663455843925,
0.008563308045268059,
0.04284893348813057,
0.0595695... | ||
achievement of organizational goals [ 24 , 25 ]. Furthermore, it can positively recognize organizational changes and induce the actions of actively participating members [ 24 , 26 ]. Therefore, it is necessary to manage the organizational atmosphere that can lead to a high tide in a happy and evolutionary atmosphere be... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.403 | 0.848 | ["education"] | 452 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.723097 | [
0.06710107624530792,
0.0471772737801075,
0.0029114997014403343,
0.019504351541399956,
0.058328285813331604,
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0.08531682193279266,
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0.023289773613214493,
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0.034050263464450836,
0.016241364181041718,
0.05201803147792816,
0.045916... | ||
present the academic implications of this study. The inclusive leadership of leaders perceived by hotel employees was made up of openness, usefulness, and accessibility, and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior was finally understood to be a single dimension including diversity climate factors, such as a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.501 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "education", "management"] | 511 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.723212 | [
0.07031533867120743,
0.03986446559429169,
-0.016824349761009216,
0.06151153892278671,
0.0058352225460112095,
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0.03904939815402031,
0.005164364818483591,
0.036811161786317825,
-0.013753303326666355,
0.02846216969192028,
0.03... | ||
e workforce of hotel leaders and employees who are highly dependent on others, relative to other industries, incorporating recent changes in environmental factors of the organizational atmosphere that surround intergenerational heterogeneity in hotels. While previous studies focused on the simple correlation between in... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.445 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "networking", "education"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.723310 | [
0.05252183973789215,
0.038799941539764404,
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0.02903280407190323,
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0.05367950722575188,
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0.03928558... | ||
rstanding of the relationship, revealing that inclusive leadership creates a diversity climate and that diversity climate plays a mediating role in promoting change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, by presenting a new perspective on organizational management research, research on the impact of... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.649 | 0.814 | ["leadership", "management", "networking"] | 467 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.723443 | [
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0.... | ||
ristics of organizational members was reinforced. Few scholars have so far studied the factors explaining the relationship between hotel-inclusive leadership, diversity climate, and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. There has been a lack of research on the impact of inclusive leadership of leaders an... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.617 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "networking"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.723538 | [
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n change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, and whether diversity climate mediates the effects between inclusive leadership and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. The importance of each aspect of inclusive leadership, diversity climate, and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavio... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.619 | 0.8 | ["leadership", "career", "philosophy"] | 429 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.723642 | [
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capabilities of hotel leaders and employees. 5.2. Practical Implications We present the practical implications of this study as follows. In the deepening organizational culture of hotel companies, where conflicts between generations within organizations are increasing in a rapidly changing environment, it is necessary ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.451 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "education"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.723767 | [
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lleviate the organizational atmosphere within organizations so that it can be expressed as actions beyond change-oriented work based on cooperation and trust between hotels, leaders, and employees. This study suggests that the inclusive leadership of hotel leaders can increase organizational performance by leading to a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.5 | 0.822 | ["leadership", "education", "philosophy"] | 457 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.723894 | [
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p behavior for the employees of the organization. Hotels can increase change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior by creating a diversity climate that emphasizes inclusive leadership and fosters a positive organizational atmosphere about leaders’ leadership [ 7 , 14 ]. It is essential to create an organizationa... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.465 | 0.826 | ["leadership", "decision_making"] | 430 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.724001 | [
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0.056446... | ||
themselves in the decision-making process [ 18 ]. Hotel managers and leaders should seek to create a happy organizational atmosphere in relation to inclusive leadership and increase change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior [ 8 , 75 , 80 ]. Hotels are more dependent on human resources than organizations in ot... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.475 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "management", "decision_making", "career"] | 512 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.724097 | [
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0.040336243... | ||
sfaction and organizational development, so respectful communication and organizational culture are needed [ 17 ]. The openness, usefulness, and accessibility of hotel leaders’ inclusive behavior should be accompanied by management’s creation of an organizational atmosphere of a fair diversity climate and an inclusive ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11200651/ | Effects of Inclusive Leadership on the Diversity Climate and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.491 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "communication", "management"] | 454 | Inclusive Leadership Belonging | topic | 2026-04-10T05:53:37.724217 | [
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0.022816207259893417,
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0.005644893739372492,
0.06638... |
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