pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context sequence | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2 values | conversations listlengths 2 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25,429,730 | Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a recently discovered cell population which has been implicated in driving Th2 inflammation in CRS; however, their relationship with clinical disease characteris... | As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) rep... |
25,433,161 | Does vagus nerve contribute to the development of steatohepatitis and obesity in phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase deficient mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), a liver enriched enzyme, is responsible for approximately one third of hepatic phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. When fed a high-fat diet (HFD), Pemt(-/-) mice are protected from HF-induced obesity; however, they develop steatohepatitis. The va... | Neuronal signals via the hepatic vagus nerve contribute to the development of steatohepatitis and protection against obesity in HFD fed Pemt(-/-) mice. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does vagus nerve contribute to the development of steatohepatitis and obesity in phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase deficient mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), a liver enriched enzyme, is responsible for appro... |
25,445,714 | Does psammaplin A induce Sirtuin 1-dependent autophagic cell death in doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/adr human breast cancer cells and xenografts? | {
"contexts": [
"Psammaplin A (PsA) is a natural product isolated from marine sponges, which has been demonstrated to have anticancer activity against several human cancer cell lines via the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. New drugs that are less toxic and more effective against multidrug-resistant ... | PsA significantly inhibited MCF-7/adr cells proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, with accumulation of cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle. PsA significantly decreased SIRT1 enzyme activity and reduced expression of SIRT1 protein in the cultured cells with greater potency than sirtinol or salermide. Acetylation of p53, a putative target of SIRT1, increased significantly following PsA treatment. In addition, PsA markedly increased the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins. In support of this, it was found that PsA significantly increased the expression of damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), a p53-induced protein. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does psammaplin A induce Sirtuin 1-dependent autophagic cell death in doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/adr human breast cancer cells and xenografts?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Psammaplin A (PsA) is a natural product isolated from marine sponges, which has been demonstrated to... |
25,431,941 | Is methylation of the FGFR2 gene associated with high birth weight centile in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"This study examined links between DNA methylation and birth weight centile (BWC), and explored the impact of genetic variation.",
"Using HumanMethylation450 arrays, we examined candidate gene-associated CpGs in cord blood from newborns with low (<15th centile), medium (40-60th centile) and hi... | We identified a novel biologically plausible candidate (FGFR2) for with BWC that merits further study. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is methylation of the FGFR2 gene associated with high birth weight centile in humans?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study examined links between DNA methylation and birth weight centile (BWC), and explored the impact of genetic variation.', 'Using HumanMethylation450 a... |
25,432,519 | Do tumor-infiltrating immune cell profiles and their change after neoadjuvant chemotherapy predict response and prognosis of breast cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Tumor microenvironment immunity is associated with breast cancer outcome. A high lymphocytic infiltration has been associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but the contribution to response and prognosis of immune cell subpopulations profiles in both pre-treated and post-treatment res... | Breast cancer immune cell subpopulation profiles, determined by immunohistochemistry-based computerized analysis, identify groups of patients characterized by high response (in the pre-treatment setting) and poor prognosis (in the post-treatment setting). Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the distribution of immune cells and their changes after chemotherapy may contribute to the development of new immune-targeted therapies for breast cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do tumor-infiltrating immune cell profiles and their change after neoadjuvant chemotherapy predict response and prognosis of breast cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Tumor microenvironment immunity is associated with breast cancer outcome. A high lymphocytic infiltratio... |
25,440,440 | Is hidradenitis suppurativa a systemic disease with substantial comorbidity burden : a chart-verified case-control analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving intertriginous skin. Previous epidemiologic studies have been limited by small sample size.",
"We sought to describe the prevalence and comorbidities of HS in a large patient care database.",
"In this retrospective ... | Control subjects were not validated for absence of HS and comorbidity validation was not performed for either group. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is hidradenitis suppurativa a systemic disease with substantial comorbidity burden : a chart-verified case-control analysis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving intertriginous skin. Previous epidemiologic s... |
25,444,977 | Does reference range for serum and salivary testosterone in young men of Mediterranean region? | {
"contexts": [
"The interassay variability found in the measurement of testosterone (T) levels warrants the need for laboratories to validate their methods to establish trustworthy cut-off points for diagnosis of male hypogonadism. The aims of this study were to validate measurement of total T (TT) at our labora... | In men from the Mediterranean region, values of TT>9.7 nmol/L, CFT>0.22 nmol/L, and/or CBT>4.9 nmol/L make the presence of biochemical hypogonadism unlikely. According to the correlation between serum and ST, the clinical value of ST remains to be established. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does reference range for serum and salivary testosterone in young men of Mediterranean region?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The interassay variability found in the measurement of testosterone (T) levels warrants the need for laboratories to validate their methods to establ... |
25,429,648 | Are secretory phospholipases A2 secreted from ciliated cells and increase mucin and eicosanoid secretion from goblet cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) initiate the biosynthesis of eicosanoids, are increased in the airways of people with severe asthma, and induce mucin hypersecretion. We used IL-13-transformed, highly enriched goblet cells and differentiated (ciliary cell-enriched) human bronchial epithelial c... | sPLA2 are secreted from ciliated cells and appear to induce mucin and cysLT secretion from goblet cells, strongly suggesting that airway goblet cells are proinflammatory effector cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are secretory phospholipases A2 secreted from ciliated cells and increase mucin and eicosanoid secretion from goblet cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) initiate the biosynthesis of eicosanoids, are increased in the airways of people wit... |
25,424,148 | Is admission hyperglycemia associated with failed reperfusion following fibrinolytic therapy in patients with STEMI : results of a retrospective study? | {
"contexts": [
"Hyperglycemia on admission is associated with increased mortality rates in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who are treated with either fibrinolytic therapy (FT) or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, data regarding the relationship between hyperglyc... | In patients with STEMI who undergo FT, admission hyperglycemia is an independent predictor of the failure of fibrinolysis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is admission hyperglycemia associated with failed reperfusion following fibrinolytic therapy in patients with STEMI : results of a retrospective study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hyperglycemia on admission is associated with increased mortality rates in patients with ST-... |
25,447,560 | Do systematic Reviews Published in Emergency Medicine Journals Routinely Search Clinical Trials Registries : A Cross-Sectional Analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"Publication bias compromises the validity of systematic reviews. This problem can be addressed in part through searching clinical trials registries to identify unpublished studies. This study aims to determine how often systematic reviews published in emergency medicine journals include clinical ... | Systematic reviews published in emergency medicine journals do not routinely include searches of clinical trials registries. By helping authors identify unpublished trial data, the addition of registry searches may improve the validity of systematic reviews. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do systematic Reviews Published in Emergency Medicine Journals Routinely Search Clinical Trials Registries : A Cross-Sectional Analysis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Publication bias compromises the validity of systematic reviews. This problem can be addressed in part thro... |
25,447,567 | Do obese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have a higher 90-day mortality risk with bilateral lung transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Obese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have higher 90-day mortality after lung transplantation. We sought to determine whether body mass index (BMI) differentially modified the effect of transplant procedure type on 90-day mortality in IPF patients.",
"We analyzed data from t... | Our results suggest that obese patients who receive a BLT may be at higher risk of 90-day mortality compared with patients of normal weight. Further study is needed to obtain more detailed information about comorbidities and other risk factors for early death that are not included in the OPTN database. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do obese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have a higher 90-day mortality risk with bilateral lung transplantation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Obese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have higher 90-day mortality after lung transplantation. We so... |
25,445,624 | Does promoter variant rs2301228 on the neural cell adhesion molecule 1 gene confer risk of schizophrenia in Han Chinese? | {
"contexts": [
"Schizophrenia is recognized as a disorder of the brain and neuronal connectivity. The neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1) gene plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal connectivity.",
"We conducted a two-stage association analysis on 17 NCAM1 SNPs in two independent Han Chinese schizop... | Our results provide direct evidence for NCAM1 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, which offers support to a neurodevelopmental model and neuronal connectivity hypothesis in the onset of schizophrenia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does promoter variant rs2301228 on the neural cell adhesion molecule 1 gene confer risk of schizophrenia in Han Chinese?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Schizophrenia is recognized as a disorder of the brain and neuronal connectivity. The neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM... |
25,445,628 | Are [ Higher nitric oxide levels associated with disease activity in Egyptian rheumatoid arthritis patients ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxidative stress generated within inflammatory joints can produce autoimmune phenomena and joint destruction. Radical species with oxidative activity, including reactive nitrogen species, represent mediators of inflammation and cartilage damage.",
"To assess serum nitric oxide as a marker of ... | There are increased levels of nitric oxide in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nitric oxide correlates significantly with disease activity, inflammatory markers and radiological joint status. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are [ Higher nitric oxide levels associated with disease activity in Egyptian rheumatoid arthritis patients ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Oxidative stress generated within inflammatory joints can produce autoimmune phenomena and joint destruction. Radical species with ox... |
25,432,781 | Does increased Syk phosphorylation lead to overexpression of TRAF6 in peripheral B cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus? | {
"contexts": [
"Activation of B cells is a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Syk and TRAF6 are key signaling molecules in B-cell activation through BCR and CD40/TLR, respectively. Nevertheless, whether expression of Syk and TRAF6 is altered in SLE B cells remains unknown.",
"Phosphorylation and... | Our results suggest that the activated Syk-mediated TRAF6 pathway leads to aberrant activation of B cells in SLE, and also highlight Syk as a potential target for B-cell-mediated processes in SLE. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does increased Syk phosphorylation lead to overexpression of TRAF6 in peripheral B cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Activation of B cells is a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Syk and TRAF6 are key signaling m... |
25,429,481 | Are reasons why erupted third molars extracted in a public university in Mexico? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for which erupted third molars (3M) are extracted in a sample of Mexican patients.",
"A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 83 patients attending exodontia (minor oral surgery) clinics of a public university in Me... | Women and patients 18 to 34 years of age had erupted 3M extracted more frequently, primarily for prosthetic reasons. The age profile indicated a trend in demand for services that differ from those of overall tooth extractions, but not for the trend across gender. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are reasons why erupted third molars extracted in a public university in Mexico?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for which erupted third molars (3M) are extracted in a sample of Mexican patients.', \"A retrospective cross-sec... |
25,424,372 | Does the Boston keratoprosthesis provide a wide depth of focus? | {
"contexts": [
"To measure the through-focus curve for eyes implanted with a type 1 Boston keratoprosthesis (KPro) and compare it to that of pseudophakic controls with fixed pupil sizes. The results should assist in evaluating postoperative visual quality after surgery. They should also help to determine the nec... | The KPro's wide depth-of-focus makes the visual acuity less dependent on an exact refractive correction at distance and explains the 'pseudoaccomodation' experienced by these patients. This is primarily due to the small pupil diameter of the KPro. The current manufacturing steps in 0.50 dioptre increments appears to be sufficient. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the Boston keratoprosthesis provide a wide depth of focus?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To measure the through-focus curve for eyes implanted with a type 1 Boston keratoprosthesis (KPro) and compare it to that of pseudophakic controls with fixed pupil sizes. The resul... |
25,449,410 | Do large portion sizes increase bite size and eating rate in overweight women? | {
"contexts": [
"Larger food portions lead to increased intake but the mechanism behind this effect is unclear. We investigated the effect of portion size on bite size, eating rate, deceleration rate, and meal duration.",
"Thirty-seven overweight women attended 5 visits after a 3 h fast and consumed a 229, 30... | Increasing portion size led to a larger bite size and faster eating rate, but a slower reduction in eating speed during the meal. These changes may underlie greater energy intakes with exposure to large portions. Interventions to reduce bite size and slow eating rate may provide individuals with strategies to reduce the risk of overconsumption. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do large portion sizes increase bite size and eating rate in overweight women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Larger food portions lead to increased intake but the mechanism behind this effect is unclear. We investigated the effect of portion size on bite size, eating rate, ... |
25,448,648 | Are routine preoperative restaging CTs after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer low yield : a retrospective case study? | {
"contexts": [
"Pre-operative restaging CT scans are often performed routinely following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. There is a paucity of data on the utility of this common practice. We sought to determine how often restaging CTs identified disease progression or regression... | Because of the financial costs and established risks of intravenous contrast and cumulative radiation exposure, it may be advisable to take a more selective approach to preoperative imaging. Larger, prospective studies may enable identification of an at-risk cohort who would benefit most from restaging CT. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are routine preoperative restaging CTs after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer low yield : a retrospective case study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Pre-operative restaging CT scans are often performed routinely following neoadjuvant chemoradioth... |
25,445,712 | Does pancreatic polypeptide regulate glucagon release through PPYR1 receptors expressed in mouse and human alpha-cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) rise upon food intake. Although other pancreatic islet hormones, such as insulin and glucagon, have been extensively investigated, PP secretion and actions are still poorly understood.",
"The release of PP upon glucose stimulation and the effects o... | Glucose stimulates PP secretion and PP inhibits glucagon release in mouse pancreatic islets. PP receptors are present in alpha-cells of mouse and human pancreatic islets. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does pancreatic polypeptide regulate glucagon release through PPYR1 receptors expressed in mouse and human alpha-cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) rise upon food intake. Although other pancreatic islet hormones, such as insuli... |
25,449,344 | Do two decades of British newspaper coverage regarding attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation decisions : Lessons for clinicians? | {
"contexts": [
"To review UK newspaper reports relating to Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR) decisions in order to identify common themes and encourage dialogue.",
"An online media database (LexisNexis(®)) was searched for UK Newspaper articles between 1993 and 2013 that referenced DNACPR... | Regarding DNACPR decision-making, the predominant theme was perceived lack of patient involvement, and, more recently, lack of surrogate involvement. Negative language was common, especially when decisions were presumed unilateral. Increased dialogue, and shared decision-making, is recommended. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do two decades of British newspaper coverage regarding attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation decisions : Lessons for clinicians?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To review UK newspaper reports relating to Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR) decisions in order... |
25,440,267 | Is increased time from neoadjuvant chemoradiation to surgery associated with higher pathologic complete response rates in esophageal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The interval between neoadjuvant chemoradiation treatment and surgery has been described as an important predictor of pathologic response to therapy in nonesophageal cancer sites. We retrospectively reviewed our experience with patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation and esophagectomy t... | A longer interval between completion of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery was associated with higher pathologic complete response rates without an impact on surgical morbidity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is increased time from neoadjuvant chemoradiation to surgery associated with higher pathologic complete response rates in esophageal cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The interval between neoadjuvant chemoradiation treatment and surgery has been described as an importan... |
25,440,261 | Is epileptic focus localization based on resting state interictal MEG recordings feasible irrespective of the presence or absence of spikes? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether epileptogenic focus localization is possible based on resting state connectivity analysis of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data.",
"A multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) model was constructed using the sensor space data and was projected to the source space using lead fi... | Our preliminary results suggest that accurate localization of the epileptogenic focus may be accomplished using noninvasive spontaneous "resting-state" recordings of relatively brief duration and without the need to capture definite interictal and/or ictal abnormalities. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is epileptic focus localization based on resting state interictal MEG recordings feasible irrespective of the presence or absence of spikes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate whether epileptogenic focus localization is possible based on resting state connectivity... |
25,432,826 | Does seminal Helicobacter pylori treatment improve sperm motility in infertile asthenozoospermic men? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the effect of treatment of seminal Helicobacter pylori in infertile asthenozoospermic men.",
"In all, 223 infertile asthenozoospermic men were consecutively selected. They were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, semen analysis, and estimation of H pylori IgA antibodi... | H pylori treatment significantly improves sperm motility in infertile asthenozoospermic men with elevated seminal H pylori IgA. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does seminal Helicobacter pylori treatment improve sperm motility in infertile asthenozoospermic men?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess the effect of treatment of seminal Helicobacter pylori in infertile asthenozoospermic men.', 'In all, 223 infertile asthenozoospermi... |
25,447,994 | Does a migrating ciliary gate compartmentalize the site of axoneme assembly in Drosophila spermatids? | {
"contexts": [
"In most cells, the cilium is formed within a compartment separated from the cytoplasm. Entry into the ciliary compartment is regulated by a specialized gate located at the base of the cilium in a region known as the transition zone. The transition zone is closely associated with multiple structur... | Our findings demonstrate that the ciliary gate can migrate away from the base of the cilium, thereby functioning independently of the centriole and of a static interaction with the axoneme to compartmentalize the site of axoneme assembly. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a migrating ciliary gate compartmentalize the site of axoneme assembly in Drosophila spermatids?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In most cells, the cilium is formed within a compartment separated from the cytoplasm. Entry into the ciliary compartment is regulated by a sp... |
25,453,030 | Is individual Public Transportation Accessibility Positively Associated with Self-Reported Active Commuting? | {
"contexts": [
"Active commuters have lower risk of chronic disease. Understanding which of the, to some extent, modifiable characteristics of public transportation that facilitate its use is thus important in a public health perspective. The aim of the study was to examine the association between individual pub... | This study extends the knowledge about the driving forces of using public transportation for commuting by examining the individual public transportation accessibility. Findings suggest that transportation accessibility supports active commuting and planning of improved public transit accessibility has thus a potential of providing health benefits to commuters. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is individual Public Transportation Accessibility Positively Associated with Self-Reported Active Commuting?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Active commuters have lower risk of chronic disease. Understanding which of the, to some extent, modifiable characteristics of public t... |
25,444,989 | Is congenital penile pathology associated with abnormal development of the dartos muscle : a prospective study of primary penile surgery at a tertiary referral center? | {
"contexts": [
"Pathophysiological mechanisms leading to chordee in patients with hypospadias and to the hidden state of buried penis in the prepubic fat remain unclear. Resection of dartos tissue usually makes the penis straight in patients with hypospadias and corrects it in those with buried penis, suggesting... | Congenital penile pathology (hypospadias, buried penis) is associated with structural anomalies in dartos tissue. Further research is needed to unveil the pathophysiology of the condition. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is congenital penile pathology associated with abnormal development of the dartos muscle : a prospective study of primary penile surgery at a tertiary referral center?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Pathophysiological mechanisms leading to chordee in patients with hypospadia... |
25,444,981 | Is δNp63 expression a protective factor of progression in clinical high grade T1 bladder cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Several risk factors have been claimed to predict the progression of clinically high grade T1 bladder tumors. However, these factors are not specific enough to define which patients should be treated immediately with radical cystectomy. Therefore, it is critical to identify molecular markers that... | ΔNp63 expression is a favorable prognostic factor in clinically high grade T1 bladder cancer. This marker identifies patients at low risk for progression who could benefit from conservative therapy with transurethral bladder tumor resection and bacillus Calmette-Guérin, avoiding over treatment with immediate radical cystectomy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is δNp63 expression a protective factor of progression in clinical high grade T1 bladder cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Several risk factors have been claimed to predict the progression of clinically high grade T1 bladder tumors. However, these factors are not specif... |
25,436,308 | Do high levels of procalcitonin in the early phase after pediatric liver transplantation indicate poor postoperative outcome? | {
"contexts": [
"To date, no data is available about procalcitonin (PCT) levels and its relevance to morbidity and graft function in the early phase after pediatric liver transplantation (pLTx). The aim of this study was to analyse the prognostic relevance of early postoperative PCT elevations in pediatric liver ... | High levels of PCT after pLTx are an early indicator of poor postoperative outcome and may reflect ischemia induced liver cell injury within the context of an ischemia- reperfusion injury. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do high levels of procalcitonin in the early phase after pediatric liver transplantation indicate poor postoperative outcome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To date, no data is available about procalcitonin (PCT) levels and its relevance to morbidity and graft function in th... |
25,436,304 | Is decreased expression of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to assess liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) expression and its association with clinicopathological features in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).",
"L-FABP mRNA expression in 57 samples of HCC and corresponding adjacent liver tissue and 8 normal liver ... | L-FABP was downregulated in HCC and could be served as a promising prognostic marker for HCC patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is decreased expression of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study was to assess liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) expression and its association w... |
25,446,283 | Does ephrin type-B receptor 4 activation reduce neointimal hyperplasia in human saphenous vein in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"Vein bypass is an essential therapy for patients with advanced peripheral and coronary artery disease despite development of neointimal hyperplasia. We have shown that stimulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase ephrin type-B receptor 4 (Eph-B4) with its ligand ephrin-B2 prevents neointimal hyper... | Eph-B4 is present and functional in adult human saphenous veins, with intact downstream signaling pathways capable of NO release and prevention of neointimal hyperplasia in vitro. Adventitial delivery of ephrin-B2/Fc activates endothelial Eph-B4 in saphenous veins treated with arterial shear stress in vitro. These results suggest that stimulation of Eph-B4 function may be a candidate strategy for translation to human clinical trials designed to inhibit venous neointimal hyperplasia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does ephrin type-B receptor 4 activation reduce neointimal hyperplasia in human saphenous vein in vitro?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Vein bypass is an essential therapy for patients with advanced peripheral and coronary artery disease despite development of neointimal hyp... |
25,438,665 | Are low serum levels of vitamin D associated with post-stroke depression? | {
"contexts": [
"Low serum levels of vitamin D have been associated with depression in non-stroke subjects. Our aim was to examine the possible association between serum vitamin D levels and the development of post-stroke depression (PSD).",
"In total, 189 patients with acute ischaemic stroke were consecutive... | Serum vitamin D levels within 24 h after admission are found to be associated with PSD and may predict its development at 1 month post-stroke. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are low serum levels of vitamin D associated with post-stroke depression?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Low serum levels of vitamin D have been associated with depression in non-stroke subjects. Our aim was to examine the possible association between serum vitamin D levels ... |
25,447,851 | Are polymorphisms near TBX5 and GDF7 associated with increased risk for Barrett 's esophagus? | {
"contexts": [
"Barrett's esophagus (BE) increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We found the risk to be BE has been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 6p21 (within the HLA region) and on 16q23, where the closest protein-coding gene is FOXF1. Subsequently, the Bar... | We identified 2 loci associated with risk of BE and provided data to support a further locus. The genes we found to be associated with risk for BE encode transcription factors involved in thoracic, diaphragmatic, and esophageal development or proteins involved in the inflammatory response. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are polymorphisms near TBX5 and GDF7 associated with increased risk for Barrett 's esophagus?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Barrett's esophagus (BE) increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We found the risk to be BE has been associated with single nucleotide... |
25,435,286 | Does danzhi Xiaoyao San ameliorate depressive-like behavior by shifting toward serotonin via the downregulation of hippocampal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase? | {
"contexts": [
"Danzhi Xiaoyao San (DXS) is a canonical Chinese medicine formula from Principles of Internal Medicine, which was written during the Ming dynasty. This formula is approved and commercialized for use in the prevention and treatment of affective disorders. This study is aimed to investigate the hypo... | DXS exhibited antidepressant-like effects on rats exposed to CUMS. DXS reduced IDO activity to shift the balance of the Kyn/5-HT pathway toward the 5-HT pathway. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does danzhi Xiaoyao San ameliorate depressive-like behavior by shifting toward serotonin via the downregulation of hippocampal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Danzhi Xiaoyao San (DXS) is a canonical Chinese medicine formula from Principles of Inte... |
25,429,340 | Is p63 more sensitive and specific than 34βE12 to differentiate adenocarcinoma of prostate from cancer mimickers? | {
"contexts": [
"Prostate cancer is the world's leading cause of cancer and the second cause of cancer-related death in men after lung cancer. Differentiation of prostate adenocarcinoma from benign prostate lesions and hyperplasia sometimes cannot be done on the basis of morphologic findings. Considering the fact... | Basal cell markers can help to distinguish prostate adenocarcinoma from cancer mimickers. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is p63 more sensitive and specific than 34βE12 to differentiate adenocarcinoma of prostate from cancer mimickers?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Prostate cancer is the world's leading cause of cancer and the second cause of cancer-related death in men after lung cancer. Dif... |
25,451,441 | Does poor sleep predict symptoms of depression and disability retirement due to depression? | {
"contexts": [
"Disturbed sleep is associated with mood disorders. Both depression and insomnia may increase the risk of disability retirement. The longitudinal links among insomnia, depression and work incapacity are poorly known.",
"We examined association of self-reported sleep quality with incident sympt... | Lack of baseline diagnostic interviews; sleep quality based on self-report. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does poor sleep predict symptoms of depression and disability retirement due to depression?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Disturbed sleep is associated with mood disorders. Both depression and insomnia may increase the risk of disability retirement. The longitudinal links a... |
25,434,319 | Are phospholipase C epsilon 1 ( PLCE1 ) haplotypes associated with increased risk of gastric cancer in Kashmir Valley? | {
"contexts": [
"Phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis and progression of several types of cancers. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs2274223) in PLCE1 has been identified as a novel susceptibility locus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of three p... | These results suggest that variation in PLCE1 may be associated with GC risk in Kashmir Valley. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are phospholipase C epsilon 1 ( PLCE1 ) haplotypes associated with increased risk of gastric cancer in Kashmir Valley?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis and progression of several types of cancers. A singl... |
25,448,803 | Is tGFBI Expression in Cancer Stromal Cells Associated with Poor Prognosis and Hematogenous Recurrence in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an important cause of cancer-related death worldwide. To improve prognoses in patients with ESCC, we evaluated the potential of transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBI), which is overexpressed in ESCC, as a therapeutic candidate.",
"... | High TGFBI expression in ESCC tissues could be a powerful biomarker of poor prognosis and hematogenous recurrence. TGFBI in stromal cells might be a promising molecular target for ESCC treatment. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is tGFBI Expression in Cancer Stromal Cells Associated with Poor Prognosis and Hematogenous Recurrence in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an important cause of cancer-related death worldwide. To ... |
25,437,817 | Are autoimmune features associated with chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis (CARP) occurs more frequently in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) with concomitant autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the overlap between dysregulated immune features in patients with IPAA and their association with C... | There is marked overlap of certain immune markers in patients with pouch dysfunction, especially those with CARP. Microsomal antibody expression and elevated IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration were independent risk factors for CARP. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are autoimmune features associated with chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis (CARP) occurs more frequently in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) with concomitant autoimmune disorders. T... |
25,439,493 | Does identical ATP1A3 mutation cause alternating hemiplegia of childhood and rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism phenotypes? | {
"contexts": [
"Alternating hemiplegia of childhood and rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism are two separate movement disorders with different dominant mutations in the same sodium-potassium transporter ATPase subunit gene, ATP1A3.",
"We present a child with topiramate-responsive alternating hemiplegia of chil... | The discordance of these phenotypes suggests that there are other undiscovered environmental, genetic, or epigenetic factors influencing the development of alternating hemiplegia of childhood or rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does identical ATP1A3 mutation cause alternating hemiplegia of childhood and rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism phenotypes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Alternating hemiplegia of childhood and rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism are two separate movement disorders with differ... |
25,450,181 | Does metabolic control analysis of the Trypanosoma cruzi peroxide detoxification pathway identify tryparedoxin as a suitable drug target? | {
"contexts": [
"The principal oxidative-stress defense in the human parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is the tryparedoxin-dependent peroxide detoxification pathway, constituted by trypanothione reductase (TryR), tryparedoxin (TXN), tryparedoxin peroxidase (TXNPx) and tryparedoxin-dependent glutathione peroxidase A (GPx... | These quantitative kinetic and metabolic analyses pointed out to TXN as a convenient drug target due to its low catalytic efficiency, high control on the flux of peroxide detoxification and role as provider of reducing equivalents to the two main peroxidases in the parasite. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does metabolic control analysis of the Trypanosoma cruzi peroxide detoxification pathway identify tryparedoxin as a suitable drug target?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The principal oxidative-stress defense in the human parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is the tryparedoxin-depende... |
25,450,186 | Is basal Flt1 tyrosine kinase activity a positive regulator of endothelial survival and vascularization during zebrafish embryogenesis? | {
"contexts": [
"The role of Kdr (VEGFR-2/Flk-1) in vascular formation has been well described, but the role of Flt1 (VEGFR-1) is not well studied and is generally considered as a decoy receptor for trapping VEGF.",
"The effects of VEGFR1/2 kinase inhibitor (VRI) and calycosin on Flt1 tyrosine kinase (TK) act... | Flt1-tyrosine kinase (TK) activity contributed significantly in endothelial cells survival and vascular development during embryo angiogenesis in zebrafish by engaging PI3K/Akt pathway. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is basal Flt1 tyrosine kinase activity a positive regulator of endothelial survival and vascularization during zebrafish embryogenesis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The role of Kdr (VEGFR-2/Flk-1) in vascular formation has been well described, but the role of Flt1 (VEGFR-1... |
25,449,231 | Do immunizations with hepatitis B viral antigens and a TLR7/8 agonist adjuvant induce antigen-specific immune responses in HBV-transgenic mice? | {
"contexts": [
"The capacity of toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist-conjugated hepatitis B virus (HBV) proteins (HBV-Ag) to overcome established hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific immune tolerance was explored.",
"A TLR7/8 agonist, CL097, was conjugated with alum-absorbed HBsAg and hepatitis B cor... | Immunization with CL097-conjugated HBV-Ag reversed immune tolerance in HBV-Tg mice and induced antigen-specific immune responses. TLR7/8 agonists appear to be potent adjuvants for the induction of antigen-specific Th1 responses in an immune tolerant state. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do immunizations with hepatitis B viral antigens and a TLR7/8 agonist adjuvant induce antigen-specific immune responses in HBV-transgenic mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The capacity of toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist-conjugated hepatitis B virus (HBV) proteins (HB... |
25,427,958 | Are lobar microbleeds associated with a decline in executive functioning in older adults? | {
"contexts": [
"Normal aging is associated with a decline in cognitive abilities, particularly in the domains of psychomotor speed and executive functioning. However, 'aging,' per se, is not a cause of cognitive decline but rather a variable that likely captures multiple accumulating biological changes over time... | Lobar microbleeds, a marker of cerebral amyloid angiopathy, are associated with an accelerated rate of executive function decline. The presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy may be an important source of cognitive decline in aging. Future work should examine how cerebral amyloid angiopathy interacts with neurodegenerative processes, such as Alzheimer's disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are lobar microbleeds associated with a decline in executive functioning in older adults?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Normal aging is associated with a decline in cognitive abilities, particularly in the domains of psychomotor speed and executive functioning. However, 'a... |
25,427,957 | Is self-reported physical activity in smoking pre-cessation a protective factor against relapse for all? | {
"contexts": [
"In recent years, the relationship between physical activity (PA) and smoking cessation has been increasingly studied. However, very few studies have investigated the possible protective role of PA on smoking relapse on the long term.",
"This study evaluated the impact of self-reported PA in p... | Previous quit attempts and professional activity were positive predictors of smoking abstinence, with alcohol use disorder a negative predictor. PA was not found to be a significant predictor of smoking relapse, with only a positive interaction term seen for persons on antidepressant treatment. (Am J Addict 2014;XX:1-7). | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is self-reported physical activity in smoking pre-cessation a protective factor against relapse for all?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In recent years, the relationship between physical activity (PA) and smoking cessation has been increasingly studied. However, very few stu... |
25,452,165 | Is breathlessness at rest the dominant presentation of patients admitted with heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Many assume that most patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF) are short of breath at rest (SOBAR). The National HF Audit for England and Wales suggests that this assumption is false, which has profound implications for management",
"A retrospective case-note review was carried out of pa... | Many patients admitted with HF are CARBOSE. Shortness of breath at rest may be more alarming, but those who are CARBOSE have a worse prognosis, perhaps reflecting more severe right heart dysfunction. Clinical trials of hospitalized HF may inappropriately exclude patients if they focus on shortness of breath at rest rather than peripheral congestion. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is breathlessness at rest the dominant presentation of patients admitted with heart failure?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Many assume that most patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF) are short of breath at rest (SOBAR). The National HF Audit for England and Wales su... |
25,437,683 | Is delayed duodenal stump blow-out following total gastrectomy for cancer : Heightened awareness for the continued presence of the surgical past in the present the key to a successful duodenal stump disruption management . A case report? | {
"contexts": [
"Duodenal stump disruption remains one of the most dreadful postgastrectomy complications, posing an overwhelming therapeutic challenge.",
"The present report describes the extremely rare occurrence of a delayed duodenal stump disruption following total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejun... | Several strategies have been proposed for the successful management post-gastrectomy duodenal stump disruption however; its treatment planning is absolutely determined by the presence or not of generalized peritonitis and hemodynamic instability with hostile abdomen. In such scenario, urgent reoperation is mandatory and the damage control principle should govern the operative treatment. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is delayed duodenal stump blow-out following total gastrectomy for cancer : Heightened awareness for the continued presence of the surgical past in the present the key to a successful duodenal stump disruption management . A case report?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Duoden... |
25,428,761 | Are lipoprotein phospholipase A2 mass and activity associated with the diagnosis of acute brain ischemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Elevated lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) levels are associated with both coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases. The clinical diagnosis of neurovascular events, specifically transient ischemic attack can be challenging, although there is disagreement among vascular trained... | The results of our study do not support the early measurement of Lp-PLA2 mass or activity levels for confirming an ischemic etiology in patients experiencing minor or transient focal neurological events. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are lipoprotein phospholipase A2 mass and activity associated with the diagnosis of acute brain ischemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Elevated lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) levels are associated with both coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases. T... |
25,442,456 | Is osteoprotegerin associated with subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction in diabetic hypertensive patients : a speckle tracking study? | {
"contexts": [
"Recently, the role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the pathogenesis of heart failure through different mechanisms has received much attention. Subclinical changes in left ventricular (LV) function can be identified using quantification of myocardial strain, and global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a s... | Plasma OPG values could predict subclinical LV systolic dysfunction in diabetic hypertensive patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is osteoprotegerin associated with subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction in diabetic hypertensive patients : a speckle tracking study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Recently, the role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the pathogenesis of heart failure through differen... |
25,440,857 | Do a new model for the standardization of experimental burn wounds? | {
"contexts": [
"Burns are common and recurrent events treated by physicians on a daily basis at most emergency rooms around the world. There is a constant need to understand the physiopathology of burns, so as to minimize their devastating results. The objective of the present report is to describe a burn appara... | This is a safe, reliable, easy to construct and use model that has the ability to produce a regular and uniform reproducible burn due to precise temperature control associated with standardized animal positioning. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do a new model for the standardization of experimental burn wounds?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Burns are common and recurrent events treated by physicians on a daily basis at most emergency rooms around the world. There is a constant need to understand the physiopatholog... |
25,452,597 | Does circulating atrial natriuretic peptide genetic association study identify a novel gene cluster associated with stroke in whites? | {
"contexts": [
"The goal of this study was to identify genetic determinants of plasma N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP) in the general community by performing a large-scale genetic association study and to assess its functional significance in in vitro cell studies and on disease susceptibilit... | This is the first large-scale genetic association study of circulating NT-proANP levels performed with replication and functional assessment that identified genetic variants in the MTHFR-CLCN6-NPPA-NPPB cluster to be significantly associated with NT-proANP levels. The clinical significance of this variation is related to lower NT-proANP levels, higher blood pressures, and an increased risk of stroke in the general community. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does circulating atrial natriuretic peptide genetic association study identify a novel gene cluster associated with stroke in whites?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The goal of this study was to identify genetic determinants of plasma N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide... |
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