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Smallpox transmission generally occurs through face-to-face contact, direct contact with contaminated fluids and objects, and rarely, through the air. When someone becomes infected, he or she will generally not feel sick for 10 to 12 days, even though the smallpox virus is multiplying in the body. The period between smallpox transmission and the beginning of smallpox symptoms is known as the incubation period. Smallpox transmission can happen in one of several ways: - Face-to-face contact - Direct contact with infected fluids and contaminated objects - Through the air. Humans are the only natural hosts of variola (the virus that causes smallpox). Therefore, smallpox transmission does not occur through animals or insects. Smallpox is a highly contagious disease. In most cases, smallpox transmission occurs by inhaling droplets of saliva, which are full of virus, during face-to-face contact with an infected person. Usually, fairly prolonged face-to-face contact (lasting 3 or more hours) is required. Smallpox transmission can also occur through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated objects such as bedding or clothing. Those caring for people with smallpox need to use special safety measures to ensure that all bedding and clothing from the infected person is cleaned appropriately with bleach and hot water. Caretakers can use disinfectants such as bleach and ammonia to clean contaminated surfaces. Through the Air Rarely, smallpox has been spread by virus carried in the air (aerosolized) in enclosed settings such as buildings, buses, and trains. The smallpox virus is fragile. In laboratory experiments, 90 percent of aerosolized smallpox virus dies within 24 hours; in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light, this percentage would be even greater. If an aerosol release of smallpox occurs, 90 percent of virus matter will be inactivated or dissipated in about 24 hours.
LESSON TWO: Color and Environment The artists Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman are also considered Abstract Expressionists. This lesson compares two of their large, abstract, colorful canvases and examines some of the ideas that informed their artistic processes. - Students will consider the choices artists make with regard to painting, focusing on color, shape, composition, proportion, balance, style, and scale. - Students will learn how to discuss and compare nonrepresentational works of art. - Students will think about their relationship as a viewer to works of art and will consider how an abstract work can evoke a sense of atmosphere or place. - Ask your students to review some of the artistic choices Kline, Pollock, and Frankenthaler (discussed earlier in this guide) made when creating their work. How did they use color? Line? Scale? Tell students that they are going to compare works by two different artists, Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman, who were working at around the same time as Pollock, Kline, and Frankenthaler. They will be looking closely at the manner in which Rothko and Newman painted. - Ask students to consider how they might represent an idea or emotion in paint, without showing a specific subject. How might their use of paint convey this idea? How might line or color convey ideas or emotions? - Ask your students to discuss the ways that an artist might seek to convey a sense of place, atmosphere, or environment in an abstract work of art. We will return to this idea later in the lesson. Mark Rothko: No. 5/No. 22, oil on canvas, 2.97×2.72 m, 1950; dated on verso 1949 (New York, Museum of Modern Art); © 1998 Kate Rothko Prizel & Christopher Rothko/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York, courtesy of The Museum of Modern Art, New York Barnett Newman: Vir Heroicus Sublimis, oil on canvas, 2.42×5.412 m, 1950–51 (New York, Museum of Modern Art); © 2007 Barnett Newman Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York, courtesy of The Museum of Modern Art, New York - Ask students to spend some time looking at Rothko’s No. 5/No. 22. Have them write down ten descriptive words. Then have them circle their five favorite words. Ask them to write these words on separate note cards. Split the class into groups of five and have each group create a free-form poem using their words. Ask them to refer back to the painting as they build their poem. When they are finished, ask them to read their poem out loud. Ask the other students to comment on each poem. Do these poems help them to see the painting in a different way? How so? - Now ask your students to look at Newman’s Vir Heroicus Sublimis. Ask them to write a few sentences describing this work. Encourage them to be creative with their description. Have the students share the sentences. - Show both works to the students again. Lead students in a discussion comparing and contrasting the two works of art. Students may consider how each artist uses color, paint, proportion, composition, and shape. They may compare the two artists’ brushwork, the horizontal and vertical aspects of the paintings and the sizes of the two canvases. Rothko was a largely self-taught artist who experimented with many kinds of painting, including representational, social realist, Surrealist, and abstract. He once worked as a theatrical set painter. He is known for his Color Field painting, which has large areas of color with no obvious focus of attention. Rothko simplified forms as much as possible, creating rectangles that seem to float on a field of color. [Paul Wood et al., Modernism in Dispute: Art since the Forties (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993), p. 50.] - Ask students to look closely again at Rothko’s painting. What do they notice about the colors? How many different colors can they list? How might they describe the brushwork? What kinds of shapes do they notice? No. 5/No. 22 follows a compositional structure Rothko worked on for more than twenty years. In this painting, narrowly separated rectangular blocks of red, yellow, and orange color hover in a column against a background of yellow. The blocks’ edges are soft and irregular and tend to fade and blur. Rothko applied the paint with a large, broad brush. The paint has differences in tone, intensity, and saturation. - Ask students to define horizon line. Where do they usually see horizon lines in paintings? Point out the horizontal line in the red band toward the middle of the painting. How is this different from traditional horizon lines? - Rothko scraped lines into the painting. This creates a sort of horizon line. Ask students why he might have chosen to do that. What effect does it have on their viewing experience? Newman was an American painter, sculptor, printmaker, and writer who worked at the same time as Rothko. Like Rothko, he lived in New York and painted large, color-saturated canvases. - Read students the title of this work, Vir Heroicus Sublimis. In English, this title means "Man, Heroic and Sublime." Newman wrote an essay on the sublime. Ideas about the sublime have to do with beauty and elements in nature that might inspire awe. Newman was interested in how the sublime might exist in the modern moment. - Ask students how this title relates to the painting. Newman insisted that his canvases were charged with symbolic meaning. Like the artists Piet Mondrian and Kazimir Malevich (for more information, see Modern Art and Ideas 4), Newman believed in the spiritual content of abstract art. Newman eliminated evidence of the action of the painter’s hand. He preferred to work with broad, even expanses of intense color. - Read students the dimensions of this painting. Ask them to measure it out using string. Rothko once said, "I paint very large pictures...the reason I paint them, however—I think it applies to other painters I know—is precisely because I want to be very intimate and human." [Mark Rothko, quoted in Ann Temkin, Barnett Newman (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2002), p. 41.] This quote applies to Newman’s work as well. - Ask students to close their eyes and imagine that they were standing in front of this vast red field broken by five thin vertical strips. Ask students how the size of a painting can affect their viewing experience. This painting is so large that when the viewer stands close she is engulfed in the environment it creates. In fact, at Newman’s first solo exhibition in 1950, a note from the artist advised, "There is a tendency to look at large pictures from a distance. The large pictures in this exhibition are intended to be seen from a short distance." [Barnett Nemwan, quoted in Temkin, Barnett Newman, p. 178.] - Newman called the vertical strips in his work "zips." Ask the students to look closely at the zips. What do they notice? These zips have been compared to figures standing against a void. They vary in width, color, and intensity. The two coral-colored strips were applied directly to the canvas, while the other three lie on top of the red paint. The surfaces of Newman’s paintings were built up using many layers of paint that were applied slowly and carefully. [Temkin, Barnett Newman, p. 178.] - Ask students to discuss what effect the zips have on their viewing. How would the painting look different if they were not included? If they were moved to a different part of the painting? Newman believed that by looking at his work up close people could become more self-aware. He said, "I hope that my painting has the impact of giving someone, as it did me, the feeling of his own totality, of his own separateness, of his own individuality." [Barnett Newman, quoted in Tate Modern, "Barnett Newman," http://www.tate.org.uk/modern/exhibitions/newman/.] - Ask students how they think someone could learn something about themselves by looking at art. Have they ever learned something about themselves by looking at a work of art? Ask them to share their experience. In 1952, Rothko stated, "A picture lives by companionship, expanding and quickening in the eyes of the sensitive observer. It dies by the same token. It is therefore a risky act to send it out into the world." [Mark Rothko, quoted in Visions of Modern Art (New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2003), pp. 221–22.] - Read this quote to students and ask them to consider what Rothko might mean by this. Ask students to consider the role of the viewer. As a viewer, what is your "job"? In a 1957 interview, Rothko stated, "I’m interested only in expressing basic human emotions—tragedy, ecstasy, doom. If you...are moved only by...color relationships, then you miss the point." [Mark Rothko, quoted in MoMA Highlights, p. 196.] In 1947, Newman stated that any art worthy of consideration should address "life," "man," "nature," "death," and "tragedy." [Barnett Newman, quoted in Tate Modern, "Barnett Newman," http://www.tate.org.uk/modern/exhibitions/newman/.] - Ask students to consider these quotes. What emotion or idea might they assign to Rothko’s or Newman’s paintings? Why? - Ask students to identify a powerful feeling, mood, or emotion. If they were to represent that feeling in paint, how might they do it? If time permits, have students create their own nonrepresentational work based on an emotion or feeling such as tragedy or ecstasy. Ask them to carefully consider their use of shape, composition, and color. - Now that your students have looked at these two works closely, ask them how the paintings might evoke a sense of place or environment. What kind of place? How does each work’s size, use of color, and composition contribute to a sense of place? Ask students to spend a few minutes writing about this, then share their ideas. 1. Art and Ideas Newman said, "The basis of an aesthetic act is the pure idea...the idea-complex that makes contact with mystery—of life, of men, of nature, of the hard, black chaos that is death, or the grayer, softer chaos that is tragedy. For it is only the idea that has meaning." [Barnett Newman, quoted in The Ideographic Picture (pamphlet) (New York: Betty Parsons Gallery, 1947).] Ask students what they think Newman means by this. How are Rothko and Newman translating ideas into paint? What choices are they making? How are the intentions of these two artists different from the intentions of Pollock and Frankenthaler? 2. Compare and Contrast Ask students to select one of the works in this guide by Kline, Frankenthaler, or Pollock and write an essay comparing it to Rothko’s or Newman’s work. They can consider how these artists use paint. How are their working processes different? Similar? 3. Art and Spirituality Rothko created murals for a chapel in Houston, Texas, which he considered one of his most important works. Ask students to research this project. How did he attempt to infuse his work with spirituality? Newman also created sculpture. He created a huge steel sculpture called Broken Obelisk, which is in MoMA’s collection (see www.moma.org/collection). Ask students to research this work of art. What is it a monument to? If they had to create a monument, what would it be? What would it symbolize? Grove Art Online: Suggested Reading Below is a list of selected articles which provide more information on the specific topics discussed in this lesson.
Detail of a diagram of DNA strands of two yeast strains that have been crossbred, showing where meiotic crossover has occurred. Detail shows parts of 11 of yeast's 16 chromosomes. During meiosis, the chromosomes from male and female parents or, in this case, from the two crossbred strains of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) undergo recombination, swapping segments of homologous chromosomes. This diagram charts the crossovers among yeast's 16 chromosomes. Image by Elizabeth A. Winzeler, Stanford University. From the cover of Science, 21 August 1998.
In a classic act of opportunism, the Japanese government used the distraction of the World War I in Europe to press China secretly for a series of concessions. It was made clear that if China were to refuse these demands, war with Japan would be the result. The demands, originally 21 in number, included such matters as the following: The Chinese skillfully drew out the negotiations, but were eventually forced into agreeing to a revised set of demands in May 1915. Pressure from the United States and Britain was responsible for removing the most odious provisionthat of installing Japanese advisory agents. - The Japanese would henceforth receive coal and iron mining rights in central China and the Shantung Peninsula - The Japanese would be granted extensive rights in a number of Chinese port cities - China would be required to end the practice of leasing land and facilities to other nations - Control over certain Chinese internal affairs, such as financial and police matters, would be assigned to Japanese agents. China also managed to get in the last word by directing its legislature to refuse to ratify the agreements formally incorporating the demands; Japan chose to ignore this inaction. The revised Twenty-One Demands enabled Japan to establish a position in China similar to that enjoyed by the other great powers. However, by threatening China with war, the Japanese provoked the Chinese people's continued hatred and the other Allies' growing suspicion. See World War I Time Table.
Recent scientific research has begun to identify the complexities of the human brain and how it best adopts new concepts. A team from Harvard Medical School found that humans learn most efficiently when presented with small pieces of information. However, when analyzing typical day-to day learning environments, we often find this type of efficiency method is not taken into account. Classrooms, university lectures and most employment training programs bombard learners with dense and lengthy chunks information- making it difficult for learners to retain information and enjoy the process. Gamification revolutionizes the learning process, and companies have started to notice its benefits. Here we show some examples of companies who, in an attempt to increase productivity and reach corporate goals, have adopted gamification in their framework: Xerox use an app called Qstream, which is a trivia game that allows employees to answer several questions throughout the day (rather than attending a formal training session) and compete against each other. The goal of the questions provided was to provide and install best practices. The competitive nature of the game allows for a fun and motivational way to engage all employees, and over 94% of Xerox employees participate in the Qstream games. The insurance company created an online game of superheros and villans in order to teach about information privacy and the risks of stolen information. The course was entertaining and informative, and about 80% of employees participated. At Hyatt hotels, the goal of the gamification systems was to reward employees and provide incentives by establishing on-the-job goals. The game was developed by Snowfly, and it allows employees to earn tokens whenever specific goals are reached (specific number of calls or enrolments in a rewards program). These tokens are then used in a game that can help them win gift cards or vacation getaways. 99.6% of employees chose to compete in the game. Gamification works very well with any enterprise. As Gartner analyst Brian Burke stated, “The best strategy for making gamification work is to focus the effort on areas where employee goals are aligned with organizational goals.” Click here to learn more about gamification in these enterprises. KNOLSKAPE’s award-winning simulations use experiential learning and gamification to attract, grow and retain talent. Global Fortune 500 companies and Top-10 B-schools use KNOLSKAPE’s products and solutions for on-boarding, training, assessments, and talent engagement strategies.
A breathing gas is a mixture of gaseous chemical elements and compounds used for respiration. Air is the most common, and only natural, breathing gas - but a range of pure gases or mixtures of gases are used in breathing equipment and enclosed habitats such as scuba equipment, surface supplied diving equipment, recompression chambers, submarines, space suits, spacecraft, medical life support and first aid equipment, high-altitude mountaineering and anaesthetic machines. Oxygen is the essential component for any breathing gas, at a partial pressure of between roughly 0.16 and 1.60 bar at the ambient pressure. The oxygen is usually the only metabolically active component unless the gas is an anaesthetic mixture. Some of the oxygen in the breathing gas is consumed by the metabolic processes, and the inert components are unchanged, and serve mainly to dilute the oxygen to an appropriate concentration, and are therefore also known as diluent gases. Most breathing gases therefore are a mixture of oxygen and one or more inert gases. Other breathing gases have been developed to improve on the performance of ordinary air by reducing the risk of decompression sickness, reducing the duration of decompression stops, reducing nitrogen narcosis or allowing safer deep diving. A safe breathing gas for hyperbaric use has three essential features: - it must contain sufficient oxygen to support life, consciousness and work rate of the breather. - it must not contain harmful gases. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are common poisons which may contaminate breathing gases. There are many other possibilities. - it must not become toxic when being breathed at high pressure such as when underwater. Oxygen and nitrogen are examples of gases that become toxic under pressure. Breathing gases for use at ambient pressures below normal atmospheric pressure are usually air enriched with oxygen to provide sufficient oxygen to maintain life and consciousness, or to allow higher levels of exertion than would be possible using air. It is common to provide the additional oxygen as a pure gas added to the breathing air at inhalation, or though a life-support system. Common diving breathing gases These common diving breathing gases are used: - Air is a mixture of 21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, and approximately 1% other trace gases, primarily argon; to simplify calculations this last 1% is usually treated as if it were nitrogen. Being cheap and simple to use, it is the most common diving gas. As its nitrogen component causes nitrogen narcosis, it is considered to have a safe depth limit of about 40 metres (130 feet) for most divers, although the maximum operating depth of air is 66.2 metres (218 feet). - Pure oxygen is mainly used to speed the shallow decompression stops at the end of a military, commercial, or technical dive and is only safe down to a depth of 6 meters (maximum operating depth) before oxygen toxicity sets in. It was much used in frogmen's rebreathers. - Nitrox is a mixture of oxygen and air, and generally refers to mixtures which are more than 21% oxygen. It can be used as a tool to accelerate in-water decompression stops or to decrease the risk of decompression sickness and thus prolong a dive (a common misconception is that the diver can go deeper, this is not true owing to a shallower maximum operating depth than on conventional air). - Trimix is a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen and helium and is often used at depth in technical diving and commercial diving instead of air to reduce nitrogen narcosis and to avoid the dangers of oxygen toxicity. - Heliox is a mixture of oxygen and helium and is often used in the deep phase of a commercial deep dive to eliminate nitrogen narcosis. - Heliair is a form of trimix that is easily blended from helium and air without using pure oxygen. It always has a 21:79 ratio of oxygen to nitrogen; the balance of the mix is helium. - Hydreliox is a mixture of oxygen, helium, and hydrogen and is used for dives below 130 metres in commercial diving. - Hydrox, a gas mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, is used as a breathing gas in very deep diving. - Neox (also called neonox) is a mixture of oxygen and neon sometimes employed in deep commercial diving. It is rarely used due to its cost. Also, DCS symptoms produced by neon ("neox bends") have a poor reputation, being widely reported to be more severe than those produced by an exactly equivalent dive-table and mix with helium. Individual component gases Oxygen (O2) must be present in every breathing gas. This is because it is essential to the human body's metabolic process, which sustains life. The human body cannot store oxygen for later use as it does with food. If the body is deprived of oxygen for more than a few minutes, unconsciousness and death result. The tissues and organs within the body (notably the heart and brain) are damaged if deprived of oxygen for much longer than four minutes. Filling a diving cylinder with pure oxygen costs around five times more than filling it with compressed air. As oxygen supports combustion and causes rust in diving cylinders, it should be handled with caution when gas blending. Oxygen has historically been obtained by fractional distillation of liquid air, but is increasingly obtained by non-cryogenic technologies such as pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and vacuum-pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) technologies. Fraction of oxygen The fraction of the oxygen component of a breathing gas mixture is sometimes used when naming the mix: - hypoxic mixes, strictly, contain less than 21% oxygen, although often a boundary of 16% is used, and are designed only to be breathed at depth as a "bottom gas" where the higher pressure increases the partial pressure of oxygen to a safe level. Trimix, Heliox and Heliair are gas blends commonly used for hypoxic mixes and are used in professional and technical diving as deep breathing gases. - normoxic mixes have the same proportion of oxygen as air, 21%. The maximum operating depth of a normoxic mix could be as shallow as 47 metres (155 feet). Trimix with between 17% and 21% oxygen is often described as normoxic because it contains a high enough proportion of oxygen to be safe to breathe at the surface. - hyperoxic mixes have more than 21% oxygen. Enriched Air Nitrox (EANx) is a typical hyperoxic breathing gas. Hyperoxic mixtures, when compared to air, cause oxygen toxicity at shallower depths but can be used to shorten decompression stops by drawing dissolved inert gases out of the body more quickly. Partial pressure of oxygen The concentration of oxygen in a gas mix depends on the fraction and the pressure of the mixture. It is expressed by the partial pressure of oxygen (ppO2). The partial pressure of any component gas in a mixture is calculated as: - partial pressure = total absolute pressure × volume fraction of gas component For the oxygen component, - ppO2 = P × FO2 \|ppO2\|\|= partial pressure of oxygen\| \|P\|\|= total pressure\| \|FO2\|\|= volume fraction of oxygen content\| The minimum safe partial pressure of oxygen in a breathing gas is commonly held to be 16 kPa (0.16 bar). Below this partial pressure the diver may be at risk of unconsciousness and death due to hypoxia, depending on factors including individual physiology and level of exertion. When a hypoxic mix is breathed in shallow water it may not have a high enough ppO2 to keep the diver conscious. For this reason normoxic or hyperoxic "travel gases" are used at medium depth between the "bottom" and "decompression" phases of the dive. The maximum safe ppO2 in a breathing gas depends on exposure time, the level of exercise and the security of the breathing equipment being used. It is typically between 100 kPa (1 bar) and 160 kPa (1.6 bar); for dives of less than three hours it is commonly considered to be 140 kPa (1.4 bar), although the U.S. Navy has been known to authorize dives with a ppO2 of as much as 180 kPa (1.8 bar). At high ppO2 or longer exposures, the diver risks oxygen toxicity which may result in a seizure. Each breathing gas has a maximum operating depth that is determined by its oxygen content. For therapeutic recompression and hyperbaric oxygen therapy partial pressures of 2.8 bar are commonly used in the chamber, but there is no risk of drowning if the occupant loses consciousness. Oxygen analysers are used to measure the ppO2 in the gas mix. "Divox" is oxygen. In the Netherlands, pure oxygen for breathing purposes is regarded as medicinal as opposed to industrial oxygen, such as that used in welding, and is only available on medical prescription. The diving industry registered Divox as a trademark for breathing grade oxygen to circumvent the strict rules concerning medicinal oxygen thus making it easier for (recreational) scuba divers to obtain oxygen for blending their breathing gas. In most countries, there is no difference in purity in medical oxygen and industrial oxygen, as they are produced by exactly the same methods and manufacturers, but labeled and tanked differently. The chief difference between them is that the paper record-keeping trail is much more extensive for medical oxygen, to more easily identify the exact manufacturing trail of a "lot" or batch of oxygen, in case problems with its purity are discovered. Aviation grade oxygen is similar to medical oxygen, but may have a lower moisture content. Nitrogen (N2) is a diatomic gas and the main component of air, the cheapest and most common breathing gas used for diving. It causes nitrogen narcosis in the diver, so its use is limited to shallower dives. Nitrogen can cause decompression sickness. Equivalent air depth is used to estimate the decompression requirements of a nitrox (oxygen/nitrogen) mixture. Equivalent narcotic depth is used to estimate the narcotic potency of trimix (oxygen/helium/nitrogen mixture). Many divers find that the level of narcosis caused by a 30 m (100 ft) dive, whilst breathing air, is a comfortable maximum. Nitrogen in a gas mix is almost always obtained by adding air to the mix. Helium (He) is an inert gas that is less narcotic than nitrogen at equivalent pressure (in fact there is no evidence for any narcosis from helium at all), so it is more suitable for deeper dives than nitrogen. Helium is equally able to cause decompression sickness. At high pressures, helium also causes high-pressure nervous syndrome, which is a CNS irritation syndrome which is in some ways opposite to narcosis. Helium fills typically cost ten times more than an equivalent air fill. Helium is not very suitable for dry suit inflation owing to its poor thermal insulation properties – helium is a very good conductor of heat (compared to air which is a rather poor, making it more of an insulator). Helium's low molecular weight (monatomic MW=4, compared with diatomic nitrogen MW=28) increases the timbre of the breather's voice, which may impede communication. This is because the speed of sound is faster in a lower molecular weight gas, which increases the resonance frequency of the vocal cords. Helium leaks from damaged or faulty valves more readily than other gases because atoms of helium are smaller allowing them to pass through smaller gaps in seals. Helium is found in significant amounts only in natural gas, from which it is extracted at low temperatures by fractional distillation. Hydrogen (H2) has been used in deep diving gas mixes but is very explosive when mixed with more than about 4 to 5% oxygen (such as the oxygen found in breathing gas). This limits use of hydrogen to deep dives and imposes complicated protocols to ensure that excess oxygen is cleared from the breathing equipment before breathing hydrogen starts. Like helium, it raises the timbre of the diver's voice. The hydrogen-oxygen mix when used as a diving gas is sometimes referred to as Hydrox. Mixtures containing both hydrogen and helium as diluents are termed Hydreliox. Unwelcome components of breathing gases Argon (Ar) is an inert gas that is more narcotic than nitrogen, so is not generally suitable as a diving breathing gas. Argox is used for decompression research. It is sometimes used for dry suit inflation by divers whose primary breathing gas is helium-based, because of argon's good thermal insulation properties. Argon is more expensive than air or oxygen, but considerably less expensive than helium. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced by the metabolism in the human body and can cause carbon dioxide poisoning. When breathing gas is recycled in a rebreather or life support system, the carbon dioxide is removed by scrubbers before the gas is re-used. - Internal combustion engine exhaust gas containing CO in the air being drawn into a diving air compressor. CO in the intake air cannot be stopped by any filter. The exhausts of all internal combustion engines running on petroleum fuels contain some CO, and this is a particular problem on boats, where the intake of the compressor cannot be arbitrarily moved as far as desired from the engine and compressor exhausts. - Heating of lubricants inside the compressor may vaporize them sufficiently to be available to a compressor intake or intake system line. - In some cases hydrocarbon lubricating oil may be drawn into the compressor's cylinder directly through damaged or worn seals, and the oil may (and usually will) then undergo combustion, being ignited by the immense compression ratio and subsequent temperature rise. Since heavy oils don't burn well - especially when not atomized properly - incomplete combustion will result in carbon monoxide production. - A similar process is thought to potentially happen to any particulate material, which contains "organic" (carbon-containing) matter, especially in cylinders which are used for hyperoxic gas mixtures. If the compressor air filter(s) fail, ordinary dust will be introduced to the cylinder, which contains organic matter (since it usually contains humus). A more severe danger is that air particulates on boats and industrial areas, where cylinders are filled, often contain carbon-particulate combustion products (these are what makes a dirt rag black), and these represent a more severe CO danger when introduced into a cylinder. - They can act as a fuel in combustion increasing the risk of explosion, especially in high-oxygen gas mixtures. - Inhaling oil mist can damage the lungs and ultimately cause the lungs to degenerate with severe lipid pneumonia or emphysema. The process of compressing gas into a diving cylinder removes moisture from the gas. This is good for corrosion prevention in the cylinder but means that the diver inhales very dry gas. The dry gas extracts moisture from the diver's lungs while underwater contributing to dehydration, which is also thought to be a predisposing risk factor of decompression sickness. It is also uncomfortable, causing a dry mouth and throat and making the diver thirsty. This problem is reduced in rebreathers because the soda lime reaction, which removes carbon dioxide, also puts moisture back into the breathing gas. In hot climates, open circuit diving can accelerate heat exhaustion because of dehydration. Another concern with regard to moisture content is the tendency of moisture to condense as the gas is decompressed while passing through the regulator; this coupled with the extreme reduction in temperature, also due to the decompression can cause the moisture to solidify as ice. This icing up in a regulator can cause moving parts to seize and the regulator to fail or free flow. It is for this reason that SCUBA regulators are generally constructed from brass, and chrome plated (for protection). Brass, with its good thermal conductive properties, quickly conducts heat from the surrounding water to the cold, newly decompressed air, helping to prevent icing up. Gas detection and measurement Divers find it difficult to detect most gases that are likely to be present in diving cylinders because they are colourless, odourless and tasteless. Electronic sensors exist for some gases, such as oxygen analysers, helium analyser, carbon monoxide detectors and carbon dioxide detectors. Oxygen analysers are commonly found underwater in rebreathers. Oxygen and helium analysers are often used on the surface during gas blending to determine the percentage of oxygen or helium in a breathing gas mix. Chemical and other types of gas detection methods are not often used in recreational diving, but are used for periodical quality testing of compressed breathing air from diving air compressors. - Brubakk, A. O.; T. S. Neuman (2003). Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving (5th Rev ed.). United States: Saunders Ltd. p. 800. ISBN 0-7020-2571-2. - US Navy Diving Manual, 6th revision. United States: US Naval Sea Systems Command. 2006. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - Tech Diver. "Exotic Gases". Archived from the original on 2008-09-14. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - Harlow, V (2002). Oxygen Hacker's Companion. Airspeed Press. ISBN 0-9678873-2-1. - Millar IL, Mouldey PG (2008). "Compressed breathing air – the potential for evil from within.". Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine. South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society. 38: 145–51. Retrieved 2009-02-28. - Acott, Chris (1999). "Oxygen toxicity: A brief history of oxygen in diving". South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal. 29 (3). ISSN 0813-1988. OCLC 16986801. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - Butler FK (2004). "Closed-circuit oxygen diving in the U.S. Navy". Undersea Hyperb Med. 31 (1): 3–20. PMID 15233156. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - Richardson, Drew; Menduno, Michael; Shreeves, Karl, eds. (1996). "Proceedings of Rebreather Forum 2.0.". Diving Science and Technology Workshop.: 286. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - Lang, M.A. (2001). DAN Nitrox Workshop Proceedings. Durham, NC: Divers Alert Network. p. 197. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - Hamilton Jr Robert W; Schreiner Hans R, eds. (1975). Development of Decompression Procedures for Depths in Excess of 400 feet. 9th Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Workshop. Bethesda, MD: Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. p. 272. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - Bowen, Curt. "Heliair: Poor man's mix" (pdf). DeepTech. Retrieved 2010-01-13. - Fife, William P (1979). "The use of Non-Explosive mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen for diving". Texas A&M University Sea Grant. TAMU-SG-79-201. - Rostain, J. C.; M. C. Gardette-Chauffour; C. Lemaire; R. Naquet (1988). "Effects of a H2-He-O2 mixture on the HPNS up to 450 msw.". Undersea Biomed. Res. 15 (4): 257–70. ISSN 0093-5387. OCLC 2068005. PMID 3212843. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - Brauer RW (ed). (1985). "Hydrogen as a Diving Gas.". 33rd Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Workshop. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS Publication Number 69(WS-HYD)3-1-87): 336 pages. 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OCLC 2068005. PMID 4619860. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - Ackerman MJ, Maitland G (December 1975). "Calculation of the relative speed of sound in a gas mixture". Undersea Biomed Res. 2 (4): 305–10. PMID 1226588. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - Rahn H, Rokitka MA (March 1976). "Narcotic potency of N2, A, and N2O evaluated by the physical performance of mouse colonies at simulated depths". Undersea Biomed Res. 3 (1): 25–34. PMID 1273982. Retrieved 2008-08-28. - D'Aoust BG, Stayton L, Smith LS (September 1980). "Separation of basic parameters of decompression using fingerling salmon". Undersea Biomed Res. 7 (3): 199–209. PMID 7423658. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - Pilmanis AA, Balldin UI, Webb JT, Krause KM (December 2003). "Staged decompression to 3.5 psi using argon-oxygen and 100% oxygen breathing mixtures". Aviat Space Environ Med. 74 (12): 1243–50. PMID 14692466. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - Lambertsen, C. J. (1971). "Carbon Dioxide Tolerance and Toxicity". Environmental Biomedical Stress Data Center, Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center. Philadelphia, PA. IFEM Report No. 2-71. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - Glatte Jr H. A.; Motsay G. J.; Welch B. E. (1967). "Carbon Dioxide Tolerance Studies". Brooks AFB, TX School of Aerospace Medicine Technical Report. SAM-TR-67-77. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - Rosales, KR; Shoffstall, MS; Stoltzfus, JM (2007). "Guide for Oxygen Compatibility Assessments on Oxygen Components and Systems". NASA, Johnson Space Center Technical Report. NASA/TM-2007-213740. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - altitude.org. "Altitude oxygen calculator". altitude.org. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - Westfalen (2004). "Fact sheet on Divox" (PDF) (in Dutch). Westfalen. Retrieved 2008-08-29. - Taylor, L. "A Brief History Of Mixed Gas Diving". Retrieved 2008-08-29. - OSHA. "Commercial Diving Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR) - Mixed-gas diving. - 1910.426". U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
Waste generation has become inevitable now more than ever. We live in an urbanised and fast-paced society wherein buying and consuming are the more convenient options to get by. It’s easier to buy fast food in disposable foam containers than to cook at home and pack food in reusable lunch boxes. Moreover, the popularity of fast fashion has increased the demand for ready-to-wear items so that consumers keep on buying clothes and accessories even though they don’t need them. Consumerism has, therefore, aggravated our problem with waste generation. We acquire things when we feel like it, even if we don’t need it. We buy cheap goods to save on money but end up using them for only a few times because they have become unusable. Furthermore, we also buy more food items than we can eat before they spoil or expire, resulting in around 7.3 million tonnes of food wastage in Australia annually. On a bigger picture, our impracticality and unsustainable practices contribute to approximately 67 million tonnes of waste generated every year. Helpful Tips to Reduce Waste Generation Reducing waste is one of the 3Rs of proper waste management, namely reduce, reuse, and recycle. This entails minimising and cutting back on the amount of rubbish we generate. Below are some tips on how you can practice waste reduction. Be a wise consumer Consumerism is one of the main reasons why we have a lot of rubbish on our waste stream. Thus, one way you can reduce the waste you generate is by making informed consumer choices. Buy only the items you need and the food you can eat before they expire. Also, avoid buying cheap things that don’t last long. Instead of saving money, you might end up spending more if you opt for low-quality items. Use reusable and refillable containers Avoid single-use items like disposable plastic or foam food containers and plastic utensils. Use reusable food containers, beverage bottles, straws, and utensils instead to minimise packaging waste. Moreover, make the most out of your refillable containers by using them again to contain the same product refill. Doing this can also help you save money when you bulk buy. Use a reusable grocery bag Bringing your own grocery bags to the supermarket can reduce the amount of plastic bags you generate in the long run. One tip to help you remember bringing your reusable grocery bag is to put it on top of your grocery list. You can also purchase collapsible bags that fit neatly in your pockets or pouches. Compost your organic wastes Composting is an excellent method to minimise the organic rubbish that enters the waste stream and goes into landfills. You can compost your food waste, lawn clippings, dried leaves, and other biodegradable waste in your backyard. In turn, you’ll have a fertiliser ready for you to use for your garden in a few months. Donate used items and promote buying secondhand goods Promote the use of secondhand items by donating, buying, and using them. When you donate or sell your old clothes, books, or electronics, you’re prolonging their product life and preventing them from going into landfills. The same thing results when you buy and use secondhand items. Minimise paper waste Long gone are the days wherein you have to read the news or your mails in hard-copies. In our advanced world, going digital can reduce paper wastes. Instead of reading a physical newspaper, you can just watch the news or read the electronic copy. The same goes for magazines and books. Reuse and Recycle to Reduce Waste The two other Rs in 3Rs are also excellent ways to reduce rubbish production. Through recycling and reusing, wastes are considered as a valuable resource that can be reprocessed and used again. You can practice reusing by employing reusable items at home so that they won’t go into the bins and ultimately in landfills. On the other hand, you can do recycling by collecting recyclable items like metals, glass bottles, and paper and then bringing them to your local recycling centre. Contact Kurt’s Rubbish Removal for your sustainable rubbish disposal needs around Sydney. We have a reliable and friendly team of expert rubbish removalists to collect, sort, transport, recycle, and dispose of your rubbish at home. We guarantee you that we employ the most sustainable and environment-friendly methods of removing your wastes. We have partner recycling facilities for the reprocessing of your rubbish. While you work hard to curb your waste generation, we’ll do the hard work of recycling your rubbish. Call us anytime at 0428 255 438 or send us an email to get a free quote.
Teach your family to have an healthy relationship with food. Current Project / Maternal Mortality Rate / Women & Health Ketare Village, Central Lombok This article is a summary of a case study of an issue in reproductive health services and childbearing mothers. This case study is taken from one of seven Districts in Indramayu, Surakarta, Lampung Utara district, West Sumba district, East Lombok district, Jembrana district, and Lebak district. It is describing the life story of Kholifah who lives in Central Lombok, Ketare Village. Kholifah was born 40 years ago in a hamlet by the name of Embung Rungkas which is located in Katare village, Pujut subdistrict, Central Lombok regency. She comes from a very poor family whose members work as temporary hired farmers and laborers. By working as hired farmers, Kholifah and her husband cannot earn money every day. Since most of the land in the southern part of Central Lombok is made up dry land, the rice harvest takes place only once a year. The remaining ground water is used to water corns, beans or watermelons. Other than this, the land cannot be planted with anything. Cosequently, Kholifah and her husband can only work during the planting season dan the harverst season. When interviewed Kholifah had six children, the youngest of whom, 9 months, was still breastfed. Kholifah admitted to having been pregnant for eight times, where one of her children died at the age of 50 days, while the other died when still in the womb. Form the eight pregnancies, seven of them got medical checkups and assisted at the childbirth by the dukun in her hamlet. Only one of her children was born in the puskesmas. Although it was free of charge, other expenditures were much bigger than the cost spent for a dukun’s assistance. After that Kholifah never gave birth in the puskesmas. When she was pregnant with the fourth child, Kholifah had a miscarriage. For one week it bled so heavily on her vagina, and for two days after that Kholifah could not walk because of a terrible pain on the upper part of the vagina. Her suffering did not make her from house chores. Still in such a sick condition, Kholifah had to wash her blood-stained clothes and cook for her husband and children. When giving birth to her last child, Kholifah had a horrible colic for one day and one night, causing pain dan cramp on the stomach. The pain had made her think of not having more children, but her intention could not be materialized since she was not able to pay Rp. 15,000,- for the injection. She thought, it was better to use the money to provide food for her family. A dukun was summoned to help the childbearing. Arriving at Kholifah’s house she told her to sit do contraction. The dukun said what while sitting it would be easier for a mother to give birth rather than lying down. After doing several times of contranctions the baby was able to be popped out and then by the dukun bare-haned, without gloves. After the birth, Kholifah had an excessive bleeding that spilled over three pieces of sarongs for seven days. She also felt pain and cramps in her vagina causing her not able to walk for three days. More than that she had a fever with a high body terperature for two days, swelling in her breast and putrid smell on the vagina. Solutions for recovery of Kholifah’s choice There is no midwife in Ketare village. The only reachable health facility is Sengkol puskesmas that is located 7 kilometers from her house. The distance from her house to the highway is 3 kilometers through which one can walk or use an ojek with Rp. 5,000,- payment. From the highway to the puskesmas one has to take a public vehicle with a fare of Rp. 2,500,-. This means that in order for Kholifah to get to the puskesmas she has to spend Rp. 15,000,- for a roundtrip cost. This amount is much bigger than her payment as a hired farmer for one day as big as Rp. 10,000,-. Her husband earns the same amount as the roundtrip cost. So it is quite impossible just to have a medical checkup while abandoning the spending for food of the day. Finally Kholifah chose the methods proposed by the dukun. As soon as the child was born, the dukun would cut the umbilical cord using a blade of bamboo outer part, taken from the framework of Kholifah’s house which in Sasak language is called adas-adas. After that the dukun would take a grain of pepper (Sasak: sabia tandan) to be put into the baby’s navel to speed up the cure. If the umbilical cord became infectious, the dukun would advise her to take wood ash from the fireplace to be put in baby’s umbilical cord. By doing this the sore would recover fast and dry up. The dukun’s medication for Kholifah after the childbirth is as follows : First to bring the vagina back into shape, Kholifah is advised to burn a stone. After the stone was well heated, it was to be wrapped with the baby’s diapers, and it must be used as compress on the whole body as well as on the vagina. Second, to cure the vagina Kholifah was told to take a bath using water filled with spices. After taking a bath Kholifah was asked to sit upon on a heated stone that had been dried in the sun (from 11 to 12 am). When sitting the vagina should touch the heated stone. The heat induced by the heat into the vagina would accelerate the cure. Third, to recover from sickness and to regain physical fitness, the dukun made a tonic consisting of palm sugar and pepper that must be consumed until the patient felt fit. There was no time limit to consume the tonic. Its bad effect is that it can cause a diarrhea if it does not match one’s physical condition. Fourth, to get rid of putrid smell form the vagina, Kholifah was told to boil water in a fairly big bowl. When the water was boiling on the stove and evaporated, the bowl must be placed under the vagina. Although it was smarting, the vapor of the water was very useful to purge the putrid smell from the vagina. Kholifah did this for several times until the smell disappeared. Sometimes just by once steaming, the smell faded away. She acknowledged this as an effective way to dispose of the unpleasant smell. Besides these practices, Kholifah often heard of some prohibitions from the dukun to be followed after the childbirth. Her neighbors and even her mother had often reminded her of the proscriptions. Some of them are mentioned here. First, after giving birth, the mother is forbidden from eating leaves of creeping plants like sweet potato, kangkung (“water spinach”), and beans; also watery fruits and banana. Second, a childbearing mother is forbidden from eating chicken, fearing that the baby might get fever as the pountry usually have a high bodily temperature. A childbearing mother is advised not to consume chicken for the first six months postnatal period. Third, after giving birth the mother is advised not to use plates for eating. Instead a small palm-leafed handwoven bowl is recommended for the first month. Fourth, the baby’s umbilical cord must be hanged on the clothes line. This signifies that the baby would dress up appropriately and nice to see (Sasak: ”awak penyampek”) ***
Virtual reality can often make a user feel isolated from the world, with only computer-generated characters for company. But researchers at the University of British Columbia and University of Saskatchewan think they may have found a way to encourage a more sociable virtual reality. The researchers have developed a ball-shaped VR display that supports up to two users at a time, using advanced calibration and graphics rendering techniques that produce a complete, distortion-free 3D image even when viewed from multiple angles. Most spherical VR displays in the market are capable of showing a correct image only from a single viewpoint, said lead researcher Sidney Fels, an electrical and computer engineering professor at UBC. “When you look at our globe, the 3D illusion is rich and correct from any angle,” explained Fels. “This allows two users to use the display to do some sort of collaborative task or enjoy a multiplayer game, while being in the same space. It’s one of the very first spherical VR systems with this capability.” The system, which the researchers are calling Crystal, includes a 24-inch (600 millimetre) hollow ball-shaped display. The display surface was custom-made to specifications in Ottawa, while four high-speed projectors and one camera used for creating the images, calibration and touch sensing were purchased off-the-shelf. The researchers are working on a four-person system and see many potential uses for their display in the future, including multiplayer virtual reality games, virtual surgery and VR-aided learning. However, they are focusing on teleconferencing applications and computer-aided design for now. “Imagine a remote user joining a meeting of local users. At either location you can have a Crystal globe, which is great for seeing people’s heads and faces in 3D,” said Ian Stavness, a computer science professor at the University of Saskatchewan and a member of the research team. “Or you can have a team of industrial designers in a room, perfecting a design with the help of VR and motion tracking technology.” While the technology is young, the researchers are forecasting a good future for it. “We’re not saying that spherical VR will replace flat screens or headsets,” said Fels, adding “but we think it can be a good option for VR activities where you still want to see and talk to other people — be it at home or in the office, for work or play.” The research, described here, was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and B-Con Engineering. University of British Columbia. .
Remember that pandemic baby boom some idea we would find about nine months following coronavirus lockdowns swept across the united states? The arrival rate in the USA dropped in the last quarter of 2020, falling appreciably — over 6 percent — in precisely the exact same time period the former year. That is noteworthy because the information comprises December 2020, the very first month when most infants born could have been conceived after the onset of the pandemic. A more comprehensive breakdown of authorities birth statistics also reveals the biggest decrease in births happened in December. “We have been conjecturing about the effect of Covid on births for quite a while. The police reports released Wednesday do not offer any evaluation on how Covid-19 is forming these amounts. However, Levine and other experts say there is little doubt it is playing a role — and that these amounts point to a few ways the pandemic can shape our society for many years to come. Demographers have stated a mix of variables — fewer births, more deaths and less immigration — were combining to impede the country’s population increase. Added data published Wednesday indicates the tendency of decreasing births and fertility rates in the USA is ongoing. Last year there were 3.6 million births in the USA, down 4 percent from the preceding year. Following an increase in 2014, the amount of births has decreased an average of 2 percent each year. The reports are based on provisional information, which comprises over 99 percent of birth certificates issued annually. But just how much of a function is the pandemic enjoying? Depending on the CDC statistics, Levine estimates that the overall fertility rate dropped 8.6% in the end of 2020 (for example the second half of November and all December) as a consequence of Covid. Along with also the authorities new birth rate information also demonstrates that some age classes — teenagers and girls aged 35 and up — were far impacted than others, Levine states. Couples can postpone having infants when life is tough The information published Wednesday are provisional numbers that may alter. And experts have noticed that in relation to births and fertility rates, the true effect of the pandemic is going to be observed in statistics from 2021, when all infants born will have been conceived following the health catastrophe began. “The major question to all this is, is it likely to last?” Levine states. “Can it be a blip, or can it be a downward trend that is longer lasting?” There are signs pointing to the trend continued in 2021, such as provisional data published by countries, as Levine and co-author Melissa S. Kearney mentioned in that a New York Times opinion piece earlier this season . The investigators state they comprised economic information like unemployment prices and other things, such as stress and societal conditions, into their prediction. “We are in the center of a substantial financial decline. That will make people reluctant to have kids. Other aspects in the combination: Individuals who have kids have been unable to balance home and work life while schools have been shut, and forming connections has become harder for individuals. “All of these things are all happening simultaneously,” Levine says. “Overall, life is merely difficult nowadays. And with a baby in some period when life is tough may not make sense” Sometimes, couples who snore with a baby in 2020 may try again later on. But that is determined by what happens next. “The more and more persistent the catastrophe, along with the deeper and more sustained the earnings losses which result from it, the more probable it is that a number of the lost Covid births will likely be lost eternally,” Kearney and Levine wrote.
This program takes students through the galleries and Commemorative Area of the Australian War Memorial. Uncover the reasons why the Memorial was created, and the stories behind the collection of objects, art works, photographs, film, and records. Explore various sources, discuss their purpose and usefulness, and hear about Australia’s military history from the various perspectives of those who served. Encompassing the HASS, History, and Civics and Citizenship key learning areas, students will explore a site of national significance, and find out about some of the places where Australian men and women have served and the roles they have undertaken. Please let the Digital Learning Officer know if you have a preferred focus, conflict, or theme, based on your classroom units of work. Examples include the First World War, modern conflict, animals in war, women in war, or Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander service for example. This live 45-minute program is suitable for upper primary and secondary students. The Memorial can connect with up to three classes or 100 students at once. Please note: virtual excursions currently run on Thursdays and Fridays during terms 3 and 4, 2021. For availability and more information including how to book, please visit: https://www.awm.gov.au/learn/schools/VirtualExcursions
Hello damn dog. See here from Optronics.com. In this Arduino tutorial, we will learn how to control DC motors using Arduino. We will take a look at some basic techniques for controlling DC motors and make two examples through which we will learn how to control DC motors using the L298N driver and the Arduino board. At the end, we will be able to build and control our own Arduino robot car. We can control the speed of a DC motor by simply controlling the input voltage to the motor. The most common method of doing that is by using a PWM signal. PWM, or pulse width modulation, is a technique which allows us to adjust the average value of the voltage that is going to the electric device by turning on and off the power at a fast rate. The average voltage depends on the duty cycle, or the amount of time the signal is on versus the amount of time the signal is off in a single period of time. So, depending on the size of the motor, we can simply connect an Arduino PWM output to the base of a transistor or a gate of a MOSFET and control the speed of the motor by controlling the PWM output. The low-power Arduino PWM signal switches on and off the gate at the MOSFET through which the high-power motor is driven. On the other hand, for controlling the rotation direction, we just need to invert the direction of the current flow through the motor. The most common method of doing that is by using an H-bridge. An H-bridge circuit contains four switching elements, transistors or MOSFETs, with the motor at the center forming an H-like configuration. By activating two particular switches at the same time, we can change the direction of... Award-winning PDF software Dd2981 Pdf Form: What You Should Know Download the free trial from here. If you still have problems, try downloading a newer version of Adobe Reader. If the error message displayed below appears, it means you do not have the latest version of Adobe Reader installed. online solutions help you to manage your record administration along with raise the efficiency of the workflows. Stick to the fast guide to do Dd Form 2981, steer clear of blunders along with furnish it in a timely manner: How to complete any Dd Form 2981 online: - On the site with all the document, click on Begin immediately along with complete for the editor. - Use your indications to submit established track record areas. - Add your own info and speak to data. - Make sure that you enter correct details and numbers throughout suitable areas. - Very carefully confirm the content of the form as well as grammar along with punctuational. - Navigate to Support area when you have questions or perhaps handle our assistance team. - Place an electronic digital unique in your Dd Form 2981 by using Sign Device. - After the form is fully gone, media Completed. - Deliver the particular prepared document by way of electronic mail or facsimile, art print it out or perhaps reduce the gadget. PDF editor permits you to help make changes to your Dd Form 2981 from the internet connected gadget, personalize it based on your requirements, indicator this in electronic format and also disperse differently.
Your task and goal in this week’s writing is to explain why you chose the four poems you did. You’ll need to include four paragraphs (one for each poem). Each paragraph will need to do the following: 1. Name the poem and poet (with a hyperlink to the poem) and why you like the poem. 2. Provide textual examples from the poem to support the reason you like the poem. 3. Explain the examples you included. What do they mean? How/why do they impact you? Be specific and real. ( more details in chat)
- Adopting a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients and minimizing intake of processed foods contributes to overall health and well-being. - Maintaining a clean, organized living space and creating a dedicated workspace enhances productivity and reduces stress. - Regular exercise at home, even simple routines, boosts physical stamina, improves mood, and promotes a healthier lifestyle. - Incorporating relaxation techniques like deep breathing exercises and mindfulness meditation can significantly reduce stress and enhance mental health. Getting your life together can often begin right at home with some essential self-care tips. It’s about prioritizing yourself, ensuring your surroundings are clean and organized, and your body and mind are well cared for. This journey might initially feel overwhelming, but take a deep breath, be patient with yourself, and embark on this journey of home-based self-care. Healthy Food Choices Your diet plays a critical role in your overall health and well-being. Consuming a well-rounded diet abundant in fruits, lean proteins, vegetables, and whole grains provides your body with indispensable nutrients for optimal functionality. By minimizing the consumption of processed foods, sugars, and unhealthy fats, you can greatly mitigate the risk of chronic ailments such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. Additionally, drinking plenty of water and maintaining a regular eating schedule can help regulate your metabolism and maintain a healthy weight. Consider consulting with a nutritionist or dietitian for personalized advice tailored to your needs and health goals. Remember, making healthy food choices is not about dieting or deprivation but about nourishing your body and mind, promoting physical health, and enhancing mental well-being. Create a Comfortable Space Creating a comfortable space at home is not just about aesthetics but also about constructing an environment that positively influences your mood, productivity, and overall well-being. Here are some tips: Regular cleaning is vital for maintaining a comfortable and healthy living space. It ensures your surroundings are visually appealing and helps keep germs and allergens at bay, promoting overall health. Cleaning can seem daunting, but breaking it into manageable tasks can make it less overwhelming. Instead of cleaning your entire home in one go, consider cleaning one area or room at a time. Make it a habit to declutter regularly, eliminating items that no longer serve a purpose. This will not only make your space look organized but also make cleaning easier. Implementing a cleaning routine can also be beneficial. For instance, you could designate laundry, vacuuming, or deep cleaning days. Remember, a clean and organized home can boost your productivity, reduce stress, and improve your quality of life. Safety at home is paramount, including ensuring your electrical systems are functioning correctly. Faulty wiring or outdated systems can lead to hazardous situations, such as fire hazards. Attempting to fix these problems without adequate knowledge can be risky. For this reason, hiring electrical repair services becomes essential. These professionals have the necessary training and experience to handle electrical issues safely and efficiently. They can identify the root cause of the problem, propose effective solutions, and execute the repairs while adhering to safety standards. Remember, it’s always better to prioritize safety and quality over cost with electrical systems. Therefore, investing in professional electrical repair services can save you from potential dangers and ensure your home is safe. Create a Dedicated Workspace A dedicated workspace at home is critical to fostering productivity and maintaining work-life balance. This doesn’t necessarily have to be an entire room; it could be a quiet corner with a desk and a comfortable chair. The key is to designate a specific area solely for work-related tasks, helping you mentally separate your personal life from your professional responsibilities. Make sure your workspace is well-lit to reduce eye strain and personalize it with items that inspire you or make you feel at ease, like plants, artwork, or photographs. Moreover, keep your workspace clean and organized to increase focus and efficiency, avoiding unnecessary distractions. Lastly, equip your workspace with the necessary tools and technology, ensuring you have everything you need to perform your tasks effectively. Remember, a dedicated workspace can significantly contribute to productivity, motivation, and overall job satisfaction when working from home. Exercise at Home Just because you’re home doesn’t mean you can’t stay active. Regular exercise is crucial for maintaining physical health and mental well-being. You can establish a simple fitness regime right in your living room. Start with small steps like stretching, yoga, or light cardio exercises, such as jumping jacks or jogging in place. For strength-building, consider bodyweight exercises like push-ups, squats, or lunges. If you prefer guided workouts, there are countless online fitness programs to choose from, offering routines that cater to different skill levels and fitness goals. Remember to set realistic goals and gradually increase the intensity of your workouts to avoid injury. Incorporating exercise into your daily routine can enhance physical stamina, improve mood, reduce stress, and contribute significantly to a healthier lifestyle. In our fast-paced lives, relaxation techniques can be a powerful tool to combat stress and promote overall well-being right from the comfort of your home. Deep breathing exercises, such as diaphragmatic breathing or breath focus, can help decrease tension and induce a sense of calmness. Mindfulness meditation can enhance mental clarity, regulate emotions, and improve sleep. Engaging in gentle yoga or progressive muscle relaxation can alleviate stress-related physical discomfort and enhance your body’s flexibility. Incorporating self-care rituals like reading a book, listening to calm music, or taking a warm bath can also stimulate relaxation. Remember, consistently dedicating time to unwind can significantly reduce stress levels, improve mental health, and enhance overall quality of life. In conclusion, prioritizing self-care in your home environment can significantly improve your health and well-being. So, start today! Reevaluate your safety measures, choose healthier food options, create a comfortable workspace, exercise regularly, and incorporate relaxation techniques into your daily routine. Your journey to a healthier, happier life begins at home.
The 2nds have looked at the images below by Cbabi Bayoc. we've talked about how he changes the human form a bit. We have noticed that even though his portraits are different than the Coronado Bridge landscapes they did, he still uses overlapping to create 3d space. When painting, we have tried to make light and dark colors by adding more or less water to the tempera cakes in order to make the shapes seem more solid. The 5th graders are making portraits of musicians that are based on the work of Maurice Evans. We are looking at how he uses size to create space in a short distance in his portraits. The hands of his subjects are exaggerated in size, but the largeness of them compared to the size of the heads, creates distance and drama. When painting, we are trying to use dark and light color values to create 3d forms in places. Again, this week, both projects have been pretty direct with choice coming in to play in the painting portion. The next time I see both grade levels for printmaking, there will be more room for choice throughout the artistic process. As with the chalk pastel lesson, I am using more control in terms of subject and process, so that they gain experience with the materials while demonstrating a beginning grasp of creating different effects with them.
Definition of video link in English: An electronic facility that enables audiovisual communication between people in different locations: she testified at the trial via a video link More example sentences - Under the terms of the release Megrahi is required to update officials in Scotland every month via a video link on his medical status. - This afternoon's closed court session also saw Elisabeth confront Fritzl for the first time albeit by pre-recorded video link. - He will appear at the same court via videolink on January 11. Definition of video link in: - British & World English dictionary What do you find interesting about this word or phrase? Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
Discussion of all aspects of biological molecules, biochemical processes and laboratory procedures in the field. 8 posts • Page 1 of 1 I could really use some help on a question from my biology class concerning the Punnett Square (which I am having a hard time understanding). The problem is… On the planet “Starlight” live the colorful Paces. Their hair may be either blue (dominant) or yellow (recessive), and their eyes may be green (dominant) or red (recessive). A blue-haired woman with green eyes and a blue-haired man with red eyes marry. Make a Punnett Square to determine all possible genotypes of their future children and then determine the possible phenotypes. (When the dominant expression of a trait is expressed, you should always assume heterozygosity.) Submit the possible genotypes and phenotypes and their ratios of this mating. Do not submit the Punnett Square. Can anyone help me with this? I sure hope so. Its a dihybrid cross So BB=blue hair, Bb= blue hair, bb=yellow hair GG= green eyes, Gg= green eyes and gg= red eyes parental= B_G_ x B_gg It says assume heterozygousity so its Bb/Gg x Bb/gg the possible gametes are BG or Bg or bG or bg x Bg or bg Your punnet square is So for example the very bottom right square would be bb/gg. The very top left combination is BB/GG. Fill it out for each combination then you know the geneotypes. Then work out the phenotypes and the ratios. Last edited by James on Tue May 15, 2007 10:01 pm, edited 1 time in total. The ratios you figure out like this: Say (for example) the results for the Punnett Square were BB, Bb, Bb, and bb. The ratio is 1:2:1 because, out of 4 results in a Punnett square, ONE is BB (homozygous dominant), TWO are Bb (heterozygous), and ONE is bb (homozygous recessive). SO the ration is ONE:TWO:ONE. Did that help? Ah sorry to confuse you, I've edited it. Check out wikipedia to understand the punnett sqaure http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punnett_square. When you have the square of genotypes, translate the genotypes to their phenotypes. Then the ratio between the eg blue hair and green eyes: blue hair red eyes: yellow hair blue eyes etc.. will be evident. I think it's important for you to know that the question you have been set is purely for understanding theory - eye and hair heredity are not as simple as this. There was a discussion on this a little while ago in one of the other sub-forums...use the search function "What are humans if they don't learn at University? Animals, yes." ^^One of my ex-girlfriends said that. I stress the ex part. James and everyone else, Thanks for the help on my square. Based on the problem and the information that you gave me this is what I can up with. Right...Wrong?? Child=BbGg x BBgg BG BB/Gg Bb/Gg Bg BB/gg Bb/gg bG bB/Gg bb/Gg bg bB/gg bb/gg 8 possible genotypes. Blue Hair/Green eyes=2 (25% possibility) 1:4 ratio Blue Hair/Red eyes=2 (25% possibility) 1:4 ratio Yellow hair/green eyes=2 (25% possibility) 1:4 ratio Yellow hair/red eyes=2 (25% possibility) 1:4 ratio A dominant characteristic requires only one allele to be expressed. bB is the same as Bb. BB/Gg= blue, green Bb/Gg= blue, green BB/gg= blue, red Bb/gg = blue, red bB/Gg= blue, green bb/Gg = yellow, green bB/gg= blue, red bb/gg = yellow, red 8 posts • Page 1 of 1 Who is online Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 2 guests
Pakistan is a country with diverse climate. It has got plains, mountains, deserts, rivers and sea. Its climate is suitable to many kind of birds and each year thousands of birds migrate towards Pakistan. Alexander's Parakeet is one of the native birds of not only India, but Pakistan also. Flocks of Indian Ringneck can be seen in the fields of wheat, rice, millet and corn in almost every agricultural part of the country. Local people love to keep Alexandrines and Indian Ringnecks as their Pets. I've also seen breeding pairs of Indian Ringnecks that live in wild but are tame birds and love to be in the company of local people. They often go to people to get food during the breeding season. I have seen beautiful Plum headed parakeets breeding in wild in the hilly areas of Pakistan. Pakistani bird lovers have done a real hard work to come up to the international standards and we can proudly state that we ,too, breed many kinds of Parrots successfully in Pakistan. This website is a contribution from the Pakistani side for the world of birds and bird lovers. sections will be introduced soon and the current sections will be improved further. If you find any errors in the site, contactWebmaster
A number of factors can promote the release of fat from fat cells, including: Epinephrine, norepinephrine, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), glucagon, thyroid-stimulating hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, vasopressin, and growth hormoneBut only two promote fat storage: Insulin, and acylation-stimulating protein (ASP)Therefore if we want to understand body fat accumulation, we should focus on the latter category, because that's what puts fat inside fat cells. Simple, right? Can you spot the logical error in this argument? To illustrate the problem with this argument, I'll use an analogy. When you eat food, your brain has to have a way of knowing how much has entered the body-- a feedback mechanism to keep you from overeating. The gut secretes a variety of substances that perform this task. These are called "satiety peptides" because they're secreted when you eat food, and they make you feel full. Important processes like this tend to be redundant; in other words, the body does not rely on one signal to perform important tasks because if something goes wrong with that signal, you've got a problem. There are a number of known or suspected substances that contribute to satiety, including CCK, GLP-1, amylin, PYY, glucagon, enterostatin, and others (1). But there's one single peptide that stands out from all the others: ghrelin. Ghrelin is the only known gut peptide that promotes food intake instead of limiting it. When you administer ghrelin to animals or humans, they eat more and eventually gain fat* (2, 3). But the interesting thing is that if you consider ghrelin in the proper biological context, it performs the same function as the satiety peptides: it constrains food intake*. How is that possible? Simple: it's regulated in a reciprocal manner to the others. After you eat a meal, satiety peptides go up, while ghrelin plummets. Both of these act to limit food intake. So these two types of signals have similar effects on food intake, but they accomplish it in a reciprocal manner. The main point I want to make here is that factors that accelerate the removal of fat from fat cells can still promote fat accumulation if they decrease, and vice versa. All of the factors I listed at the beginning of this post can either promote or oppose fat accumulation by fat cells, depending on how they're regulated. When you think about it that way, the picture of fatty acid trafficking in and out of fat cells suddenly becomes a lot more complicated. You'd almost think we were complex biological systems evolved to regulate fat mass in a sophisticated and redundant manner! One of the main control points for fatty acid trafficking is nerve terminals that enter fat tissue and release norepinephrine (nor = nerve, epinephrine = adrenaline). Depending on the receptors expressed by fat cells, this either causes them to release or store fatty acids (most often release). Norepinephrine is one of the dominant factors in fatty acid trafficking in/out of fat cells, and this has been universally recognized in the research community for more than half a century. The brain is the main physiological control center of the body, and it communicates in both directions with almost every organ. It regulates the pulse rate of the heart, breathing rate via the diaphragm, blood pressure via the blood vessel walls and kidneys, regulates temperature by controlling sweat glands, hair follicles and capillaries in the skin, regulates various aspects of digestion, bone metabolism, glucose production by the liver, insulin production by the pancreas, and many other functions. So it's not much of a surprise that it also controls fatty acids moving into and out of fat tissue. Nerve terminals that release norepinephrine onto fat cells are indirectly hooked up to the brain (and ultimately the hypothalamus), and it's clear at this point that the brain exerts a powerful influence on fatty acid release and storage in fat cells via these nerves (4, 5, 6). Cutting the nerves to a specific fat depot increases its size (7). Dr. Timothy Bartness has done quite a bit of research and writing on this. The second main point I want to make here is that the brain not only controls energy intake and energy expenditure-- factors that are obviously important determinants of fat mass-- it also influences how much fat is moving into and out of fat tissue from the circulation by acting directly on fat cells. Viewed from this perspective, it's no wonder that the brain has consistently been an important focus of obesity research over the last 150 years, and has almost universally been recognized as the central regulator of body fat mass since the 1980s. It's also no surprise that genetic studies have consistently turned up obesity risk factors in genes related to brain function, and the leptin signaling pathway in particular (8, 9). And that most if not all obesity drugs act in the brain (10). If we want to understand the accumulation of fat in fat cells, first we have to acknowledge the complexity of the system we're dealing with. Then, we have to look beyond the proximal factors that influence fatty acid trafficking in/out of fat cells, and look for the ultimate factors that regulate these proximal factors (i.e., what originally set the ball in motion). Researchers understand this and have consequently been studying these ultimate factors for at least 150 years, and by far the most productive line of investigation to date has been the role of the brain. The role of the brain in obesity is my research specialty, and I chose this field very deliberately because I recognized how important it was. I hope to be able to convey some of this research on my blog, because not only is it fascinating, it will inoculate people against some of the odd claims circulating in the popular media. So as for the question I posed in the title, the answer is "a lot of things". If it were simple, there wouldn't be thousands of people studying it full time. Under normal conditions*, you can't just measure one factor and predict what will happen to fat cells in an intact living organism. Typically ASP is ignored or downplayed in these arguments, but I'm not going to open that can of worms right now. Ghrelin also acts in the hypothalamus. * Although one could make a good argument that it's important, ghrelin's role in satiety is actually not firmly established in my opinion. One of the main reasons is that the ghrelin receptor knockout mouse has a normal meal structure. This may be because 1) the satiety system is so redundant that knocking out one element has no effect (this phenomenon is commonly observed in knockout animals), or 2) ghrelin really doesn't play an important role in meal termination. I favor explanation #1, but the jury is still out. **** With the exception of extreme cases. For example, giving someone a shot of epinephrine, a type 1 diabetic who secretes very little insulin, a nerve to fat tissue being cut, or injecting a concentrated dose of insulin into the same fat depot for 10 years.
Back to Hazards Directory Florida is the thunderstorm capital of the United States. Thunderstorms are attributed to hot, wet air close to the ground combined with an unstable atmosphere. Often the resulting thunderstorms occur during afternoons — June through September — and can be as brief as a few minutes or as long as a couple of hours, but seldom longer. Before Severe Weather Arrives: Have at least a 5 day Disaster Supplies Kit assembled. Purchase a NOAA Weather Radio to monitor severe weather. If you do not have a weather radio, stay tuned to a local radio or television station. Learn what Thunderstorm Watch and Thunderstorm Warning mean so that you clearly understand the risk to your family and your community. “Thunderstorm Watch” means conditions are favorable for thunderstorms to produce wind gusts to 58 mph or stronger, or hail to 3/4 inch or larger in the watch area. These watches are issued for 4 to 6 hours at a time and can cover several counties. Stay informed, watch the sky, and take cover if a severe thunderstorm is approaching. “Thunderstorm Warning” means a severe thunderstorm has been detected by radar or by a trained spotter. Take cover if you are in or near the severe thunderstorm area. Protect your belongings from power surges, which can damage electrical equipment, by using point-of-use or point-of-entry surge suppressors. Point-of-use surge suppressors only help protect the items that are directly connected to them, while point-of-entry surge suppressors protect against surges from utility power lines as they enter the home/business. Contact your electrical utility company for more information on what method of protection is best for you. During Thunderstorms and Lightning storms: Postpone outdoor activities if thunderstorms are imminent. Avoid touching metal. Utility lines and metal conduct electricity. Avoid using the telephone or any electrical appliances. Avoid taking a bath or shower, or running water for any purpose. If you feel your hair stand on end, drop to the ground in a crouched position with your hands on your knees. Do not lie flat on the ground. Avoid trees and telephone poles. If surrounded by trees, move under a growth of smaller trees. Stay away from water during a thunderstorm. Water conducts electricity. Avoid open water and metal equipment (e.g. golf carts/clubs, tractors, fences, bicycles, umbrellas). Keep several yards away from other people. In open areas, move towards the lowest area. Watch for flash flooding. Stay indoors and away from windows during a storm. Learn first-aid and CPR. Many people struck by lightning can be revived if quick action is taken. If you are affected by a lightning strike, see a physician immediately. Remember, if you can see lightning or hear thunder you are close enough to be struck by lightning! Find shelter in a building or car. Keep car windows closed and avoid convertibles.
Combine your artistic skills with coding and design a mission patch for a mission to the Moon. Explore NASA’s exciting new efforts to reach the Moon and then Mars. Students can design their own animated mission patch, imagine their life as an Artemis astronaut on the Lunar Gateway, take control of robotic rovers, and even create their own lunar habitat. A collection of space-exploration themed coding tutorials created in collaboration with NASA! Students can tap into their artistic side in "Design a Mission Patch," get creative in "Tell Your Lunar Gateway Story," take control of robots in "Rover Relay," and imagine their home in space in "Design A Lunar Habitat." Teacher Guide: Design a Mission Patch (Tynker Blocks) Teacher Guide: Tell Your Lunar Gateway Story (Tynker Blocks) Teacher Guide: Lunar Habitats and Rover Exploration Missions (Tynker Blocks) CCSS-ELA: RI.1.7, RF.1.4, RF.1.4.A, SL.1.1, RI.2.7, RF.2.4, RF.2.4.A, SL.2.1, RI.3.7, RF.3.4, RF.3.4.A, SL.3.1, RF.4.4.A, RF.1.4.A, RF.4.4, SL.4.1, RF.5.4.A, RF.5.4, SL.5.1, RI.6.4, RI.6.7, SL.6.1, SL.7.1, RI.7.4, SL.8.1, RI.8.4, RI.9-10.5, RI.11-12.6 K12CS: P1.1, P1.3, P2.1, P2.3-2.4, P3.2-3.3, P4.4, P5.1-5.2, P6.1-6.3, P7.2-7.3 CSTA: 1A-AP-09, 1A-AP-10, 1A-AP-11, 1A-AP-12, 1A-AP-13, 1B-AP-11, 1B-AP-12, 1B-AP-14, 1B-AP-15, 2-AP-13, 2-AP-16, 2-AP-17, 3A-AP-17, 3A-AP-11, 3A-AP-17 CS CA: K-2.AP.12, K-2.AP.13, K-2.AP.14, K-2.AP.15, K-2.AP.16, 3-5.AP.10, 3-5.AP.13, 3-5.AP.14, 3-5.AP.17, 6-8.AP.13, 6-8.AP.16, 6-8.AP.17, 9-12.AP.12, 9-12.AP.16 ISTE: 1.c, 1.d, 4.d, 5.c, 5.d, 6.b Get Started in 5 Minutes - 40+ tutorials for Grade K-12 - Progress tracking (needs classroom setup) - Student metrics & certificates (needs classroom setup) - Lesson guides & answer keys - Marketing materials
Being of good character Calls have been made recently for the renewal of public and private virtues, not least because of the serious scandals that have beset our banks and political system, as well as our health and social welfare provisions. The public appear to want people to be of good character, and so improve the quality of public life. And yet Britain today is a pluralistic society in which our values and virtues appear to be constantly changing and where children are exposed to a variety of perspectives on moral right and wrong. We seem to regard identifying with any set of virtues to be problematic and we often appear to lack any clear conception of what virtues are, or which virtues are to be promoted, as well as knowledge of how to promote them. This is why shadow education secretary Tristram Hunt’s urgent call for us to prioritise the teaching of ‘character, moral purpose and the education of well-rounded individuals’ together with academic attainment must be welcomed. But some will no doubt ask whether or not it is the job of a school to teach character. Should this not rather be the task of parents, or of society broadly defined? Hunt rightly raises the question of what is the purpose of contemporary schooling. Is it simply to prepare young people for a life of tests, or should it actually be to prepare them for the tests of life? The answer, of course, is that we have no choice in the matter. Through its very existence, every school already models a set of values to its students. It is far better that this process be a conscious one, rationally organised, so that it becomes possible to evaluate what the school is saying and doing, and how it says and does it. Character education is an umbrella term for all explicit and implicit teaching that helps a student to develop positive values and virtues. It is about the acquisition and strengthening of virtues which sustain a well-rounded life and a thriving society. Schools should aim to develop confident and compassionate students who are effective contributors to society, successful learners and responsible citizens. Students also need to grow in their understanding of what is good or valuable and in their ability to protect and advance what is good. They need to develop a commitment to serving others, which is an essential manifestation of good character in action. Questions of character formation are inseparable from these educational goals and are fundamental to living well and living responsibly. Character development involves caring for and respecting others, as well as caring for and respecting oneself. Students need to decide the kind of person they wish to become and learn to choose between alternatives. In this process, the ultimate aim of character education is the development of good sense or practical wisdom: the capacity to choose intelligently between alternatives. There is nothing ‘soft’ about this process; most schools recognise their responsibilities in this area and therefore some form of character education, implicit or explicit, takes place in every school in the UK. However, it is important that this character education is intentional and planned rather than assumed and random. All schools should make character education a visible and conscious part of their day-to-day practice. Developing children’s characters is an obligation on us all, not least on parents. Although parents are the primary educators of character, empirical research shows they want all adults who have contact with their children to contribute to such education, especially their children’s teachers. Exceptional teachers build the character of young people, which directly establishes a positive moral climate in the school, which in turn attracts more exceptional teachers. With so much at stake, everyone involved in a young person’s life, including parents and teachers, should be making character development a priority. The growing research literature shows a clear and positive correlation between character education and academic attainment. We know that variables such as self-reliance and responsibility are related to academic success. Findings indicate that improved social and emotional skills enhance grade attainment, and so do moral ones. We know, both instinctively and through research, that students’ increased attentiveness in class, their greater capacity to work independently and co-operatively, taking care and effort in school work and taking more pride in their efforts all impact positively on academic attainment. Quite simply, we know that visible and explicit character education leads students to the desire to do the right things at school and therefore leads to school success. Schools that are values-driven see character education as part of everything they do and are committed to promoting core virtues which positively link character to examination success, and more importantly, to the ideal of a flourishing life. Such schools develop and live by a core language of moral purpose which makes space to allow their students to learn about being and becoming young people of good character. The virtues that make up good character enable young people to enjoy rewarding and productive lives, as well as to learn more effectively, and the qualities that make up good character can be learnt and taught. To sum up, there is a need to re-emphasise the importance of good character in schools and in our professions. Human flourishing is the aim of character education and is critical to its achievement. It requires moral, intellectual and civic virtues, as well as generic performance virtues such as self-management and resilience. Above all, character education is about helping our students grasp what is ethically salient in situations and to act for the right reasons. Every school should therefore aspire to describing the kind of students it wants to help develop and then outline how it intends to do this. Character education is both taught and caught, it leads to better academic attainment and helps students flourish – it therefore ought to be at the heart of every school’s culture and ethos. Professor James Arthur Jubilee Centre for Character and Values University of Birmingham
Developing a rain garden is a great way to enhance the beauty of your yard and to help protect our Minnesota lakes and streams. You want to choose a location carefully so you get the most benefit of a rain garden. Look for a low depression or low lying area of your yard. Make sure your garden is located at least 10 – 15 feet and down slope from your home that basement leakage isn’t a problem. If you don’t have a low spot, one can be created by digging a depression in your yard where water would naturally collect. A rain garden is nothing more than a depression in your yard planted with native plants that collects water run-off from your roof, driveway or other hard surfaces. It acts as an filtration system that keeps water out of the storm water system and on our property, re-charging the ground water. Rain gardens reduce the amount of storm water that ends up in our streams and lakes, and helps to improve water quality by filtering through plants and the soil. Developing a rain garden gives you the opportunity to keep the water clean and percolate through the soils. So what’s so bad about storm water? Storm water is simply water that starts as clean rain that falls, runs off roofs and other hard surfaces like sidewalks and streets, picking up nutrients from the fertilizers we pump into our lawns, pet waste from our yards, salts from the roads, and other pollutants. These pollutants, carried by this once clean rainwater, end up in our creeks and rivers, polluting our waterways. When creating a depression, it is recommended to have a six – eight inch drop from grade. The depression should be flat on the bottom, which allows the water to be evenly distributed in the area. The sides should have a slight slope. Remember, you are preparing the soil for plants. Having loose, workable soil will not only benefit the plants, but will also allow for water to drain. A rain garden has three zones: wet, dry, and in-between. Usually, rain gardens consist of native plants, although non-invasive, non-native plants could be used as well. Give Tony Reick a call today to plan your rain garden and do your part for our waterways.
Definition of secretin in English: noun[mass noun] Biochemistry A hormone released into the bloodstream by the duodenum (especially in response to acidity) to stimulate secretion by the liver and pancreas. - The duodenum is important in the secretion of a number of hormones, including secretin, cholecystokinin, and enteroglucagon. - The hormone secretin has been tried as a treatment for autism. - Several months later we learned about gluten- and casein-free diets, secretin, and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Definition of secretin in: - US English dictionary What do you find interesting about this word or phrase? Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
Potholes occur when moisture penetrates cracks in the asphalt surface of a road or driveway. Cold weather freezes the water and causes it to expand. A pothole forms when dirt and gravel is forced out leaving a hole. The ice eventually melts and the stressed asphalt becomes a pothole. Asphalt Protectors will cut out the pothole area, clean it and use an asphalt filling appropriate for the repaired area. Infrared patching is a fast, cost-effective method that works well for minor surface repairs. The process consists of heating up an area of pavement to make it workable, raking the existing asphalt material, adding some new to cover any inconsistencies, and rolling to finish. It creates seamless transitions between new and existing asphalt and allows cold weather patching when supplies from the asphalt plant are not available. Skim patch patches are used to fill depressions, in which case the patch could be as thick as three or four inches. A skim patch differs from removal and replacement because existing asphalt is not removed during skim patching. This type of repair should only be used when there is no base failure, to correct drainage. Skim Patch is also used to isolate asphalt that is Spaulding (loose & rough) to extend the life of the asphalt (3-10 Yrs.).Skim patches generally use a fine sand aggregate as opposed to coarse aggregate because the edges of the patch are “feathered” out to zero thickness. Usually skin patching is used to improve the appearance of pavement or stop water penetration. Skim patches are generally 1 ½ inches or less in thickness. In some cases this may be a temporary patch. When an asphalt pavement surface deteriorates to the point of needing repair, an asphalt patch is an effective solution. A standard asphalt patch consists of a new layer of asphalt applied over the existing asphalt surface. The thickness of an overlay should range 1 ½ to 2 inches, but type and amount of traffic as well as existing pavement condition are also considered. The existing asphalt surface may be milled if grades need to be maintained or altered. Milling is a process by which a machine is used to plane the pavement surface to an appropriate depth before it is covered with the new layer. Once the milling is finished and the overlay is completed, the road is left with a brand new surface, ready for pavement marking. Utilizing a milling machine, deteriorated asphalt is removed by grinding it into small bits. Milling depth is determined by the thickness of new asphalt to be applied. Millings are then recycled at the asphalt plant and incorporated into future asphalt mix supply. Drainage and grade considerations help determine if this approach is a valid option. When asphalt pavement surface deterioration is severe but complete asphalt replacement is not needed, mill and patch can be an effective solution. With this process the top layer of asphalt is ground down (milled) and cleaned thoroughly to ensure adhesion with the bonding material and new asphalt patch. Asphalt is milled to a level that will integrate the patch with surrounding asphalt, concrete curb, gutters, or any other structures. The mill and patch process may also be used to resolve water flow issues. Severely degraded asphalt or subgrade deficiencies may require complete removal of part or all of the pavement and base material. After excavation and removal, pre-existing conditions in the subgrade such as excess moisture, shallow utility lines, missing aggregate base, or incorrectly prepared subgrade may require additional steps in the base preparation. These conditions are usually not discovered until the overlying asphalt is removed. When pre-existing conditions have been corrected, new aggregate is supplied as needed and re-compacted. The new asphalt is then placed and compacted with vibratory rollers to finish the process.
Objective / Rules - Join the dots to create a single continuous loop. - The numbers indicate how many of the four surrounding sections contain a line. - The loop never crosses itself and any given dot can only have a maximum of two lines passing through it. Mouse Usage Left-click = Blank >> Yes >> No >> Blank. Right-click = Blank >> No >> Yes >> Blank. Checking If you click 'Check' the system will check for incorrect squares. If 'Show mistakes when checking' is checked their borders will be marked in red. Uniqueness Each puzzle has exactly one solution, which can be found using logic alone and no guesses are ever required. If you think you've found another solution, then please double check the rules.
Translation of phonetics in Spanish: - (+ singular verb)Example sentences - Dan is now a distinguished specialist on Amazonian languages and professor of phonetics and phonology at the fine Department of Linguistics at the University of Manchester in England. - Transcribed excerpts of the lyrics will be analyzed with respect to phonetics, phonology, morpho-syntax, prosody, and lexis. - Panini was a Sanskrit grammarian who gave a comprehensive and scientific theory of phonetics, phonology, and morphology. What do you find interesting about this word or phrase? Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
Today, two determined brothers travel an alien land. The University of Houston's College of Engineering presents this series about the machines that make our civilization run, and the people whose ingenuity created them. Gregory and David Chudnovksy are brothers. They're both married. Both got out of Russia in 1977. Gregory lives in a crowded workshop of a Manhattan apartment. David lives nearby. Gregory suffers myasthenia gravis, an auto-immune disorder that attacks the muscles. He walks and moves with great difficulty. The brothers are mathematicians with a genius for computers. The KGB didn't want to let them out of Russia. They subjected David and his father to bone-breaking beatings. Now the brothers have nominal research jobs at Columbia University. Richard Preston of the New Yorker magazine spends days interviewing them. He's astonished at what he finds. Gregory and David have built a super-computer in Gregory's apartment. It competes with the Cray computer. And the Cray retails for $30,000,000. Preston sits in the junkyard of Gregory's living room and asks, "Where's the computer?" "You're sitting inside it," the brothers reply. Sure enough, circuits sprawl all around him and spill into adjoining rooms. They've spent $75,000 on mail-order parts and patiently assembled a machine that should've cost 400 times as much. Why have they done such a thing? Do they plan to market it? No, nothing of the kind! They're mathematicians, not hardware developers. They're trying to understand the nature of Pi. So far they've calculated Pi further than anyone else -- 3.14159... and on and on to two billion digits. They wrestle with a perfectly maddening riddle. Pi is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. There's nothing random about that. Yet, as digits flow forth, they seem to be spit out by a random number generator. Gregory and David have made 3-dimensional maps of the digits in abstract space. They search the topography of that crazy conceptual mountain range trying to find some trace of order. Surely, David grumbles, they would see the perfect order in all this chaos -- if they could view it through the eye The brothers' brains seem wed like Siamese twins in a strange land where only the mind can go. They scale their abstract mountains of Pi in an all-consuming adventure. Their chronicler, Preston, is drawn through their looking glass. His thirty-page account is a valiant attempt to take us along on the journey. But the brothers are alone on this frontier. We cannot go with them. What we can see is their great computer. It's only an earthly shadow. Yet it is a small hint of the magnitude of the mountains their minds have chosen to scale. I'm John Lienhard, at the University of Houston, where we're interested in the way inventive minds
The War In Vietnam During WORLD WAR II, the Viet Minh, a nationalist party seeking an end to French colonial rule of Vietnam, was organized. After the defeat of the Japanese and their withdrawal from what was then known as French Indochina, the Viet Minh, under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh, formally declared independence. France refused to recognize Vietnamese independence, and war broke out between the French and the Viet Minh. In 1954 the French withdrew after suffering a devastating defeat at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu. After the French withdrawal, participants at an international conference in Geneva, Switzerland, divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel. The Viet Minh were given control of the north, which became known as North Vietnam, while the non-Communist southern half became South Vietnam. The South Vietnamese government was headed by Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem, who refused to allow free elections on reunification in 1956 as agreed by the Geneva Accords. Diem rightly feared that Ho Chi Minh and the Communists would win the election. The United States supported Diem's defiance, which led the North Vietnamese to seek unification through military force. The Diem regime, which soon proved to be corrupt and ineffective, had difficulty fighting the Viet Cong, a South Vietnamese army of guerrilla soldiers who were trained and armed by the North Vietnamese. The Viet Cong became part of the National Liberation Front (NLF), a Communist-backed insurgent organization. In 1961 President JOHN F. KENNEDY began to send more U.S. military advisers to South Vietnam, and by the end of 1962, their number had risen from 900 to 11,000. Kennedy, \|Vietnam War Timeline\| \|SOURCE: Dupuy, R. Ernest and Trevor N. Dupuy, Harper Encyclopedia of Military History. New York Public Library's Book of Chronologies.\| \|1954\|\|French Indochina War ends with French defeat at Dien Bien Phu.\| \|1955\|\|United States agrees to help train South Vietnamese army.\| \|1956\|\|President Eisenhower announces first U.S. advisers sent to Vietnam.\| \|1957\|\|North Vietnamese guerrilla (Vietcong) activity directed against South Vietnam begins.\| \|1959\|\|First U.S. military advisers killed in Vietcong attack.\| \|1961\|\|President Kennedy agrees to increase 685-member military advisory group and to arm and supply 20,000 South Vietnamese troops (June 16); first U.S. aircraft carrier arrives off Vietnam with armed helicopters to aid the South Vietnamese army.\| \|1962\|\|President Kennedy states that U.S. military advisers in Vietnam will return fire if fired pon. U.S. noncombat troops number 12,000 by year's end.\| \|1963\|\|South Vietnam president Ngo Dinh Diem assassinated (Nov. 2).\| \|1964\|\|North Vietnamese patrol boats attack U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin. U.S. Congress passes resolution (Aug. 7) that President Johnson uses as basis for later U.S. troop buildup in Vietnam. United States announces massive aid increase to counter Hanoi's support of Vietcong (Dec. 11).\| \|1965\|\|First U.S. air attacks in North Vietnam begin (Feb. 24); first major deployment of U.S. ground troops (March 7–9). U.S. troops number 184,300 at year's end.\| \|1966\|\|Bombing of Hanoi begins (June 29). U.S. troops number 389,000 at year's end.\| \|1967\|\|U.S. troops number 480,000 at year's end.\| \|1968\|\|"Tet" offensive by North Vietnamese (Jan. 30 to Feb. 29); My Lai massacre by U.S. troops (March 16). Start of Paris peace talks.\| \|1969\|\|U.S. troop deployment reaches highest point of the war in April: 543,000. President Nixon begins U.S. troop withdrawal on May 14.\| \|1970\|\|U.S. and South Vietnamese forces cross Cambodian border to get at enemy bases (April 30).\| \|1971\|\|U.S. bombers strike massively in North Vietnam for alleged violations of 1968 bombing halt agreement (Dec. 26 to 30). U.S. troops number 140,000 at year's end.\| \|1972\|\|North Vietnamese launch bombing offensive across demilitarized zone (March 30). U.S. resumes bombing of Hanoi (April 15); U.S. announces mining of North Vietnam ports. Last U.S. combat troops leave (Aug. 11).\| \|1973\|\|Cease-fire accord signed (Jan. 27); last non-combat U.S. troops withdraw from Vietnam (March 29); last U.S. prisoners of war released (April 1). Some U.S. civilians remain.\| \|1975\|\|President Theu's government of South Vietnam surrenders to Communists April 30; United States abandons embassy. All U.S. civilians leave Vietnam. 140,000 South Vietnamese refugees flown to United States.\| \|1976\|\|Vietnam reunified; large-scale resettlement and reeducation programs started.\| however, was dissatisfied with the Diem regime and allowed a military coup to occur on November 1, 1963. Diem was assassinated during the coup, but none of the lackluster military leaders who followed him was able to stop the Communists from gaining more ground. Direct U.S. military involvement in Vietnam began in 1964. On August 2, 1964, President LYNDON B. JOHNSON announced that North Vietnamese ships had attacked U.S. naval vessels in the Gulf of Tonkin. Johnson asked Congress for the authority to employ any necessary course of action to safeguard U.S. troops. Based on what turned out to be inaccurate information supplied by the Johnson administration, Congress gave the president this authority in the TONKIN GULF RESOLUTION (78 Stat. 384). Johnson used this resolution to justify military escalation in the absence of a congressional declaration of war. Following attacks on U.S. forces in February 1965, he authorized the bombing of North Vietnam. To continue the protection of the South Vietnamese government, Johnson increased the number of U.S. soldiers fighting in South Vietnam from 20,000 to 500,000 during the next three years. U.S. military leaders had difficulty fighting a guerrilla army, yet repeatedly claimed that Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces were losing the war. On January 30, 1968, the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese made a surprise attack on 36 major cities and towns during the Tet (lunar new year) festival. Though U.S. troops repelled these attacks, the Tet offensive undermined the credibility of U.S. military leaders and of Johnson himself, who had claimed the war was close to being won. Antiwar sentiment in the United States grew after Tet as the public became skeptical about whether the war could be won and, if it could, how many years it would take to achieve victory. The 1968 presidential campaign of Minnesota antiwar senator EUGENE MCCARTHY gained popularity after Tet. On March 31, 1968, Johnson announced that the United States would stop bombing North Vietnam above the 20th parallel and that he would not seek reelection to the presidency. Johnson ordered a total bombing halt in October, when North Vietnam agreed to begin preliminary peace talks in Paris. These discussions dragged on during the fall election campaign, which saw Republican RICHARD M. NIXON elected president. Nixon sought to preserve the South Vietnamese government while withdrawing U.S. troops. He began a policy of "Vietnamization," which promised to gradually transfer all military operations to the South Vietnamese. During this process the United States would provide massive amounts of military aid. In 1969, when the number of U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam had reached 540,000, Nixon announced a modest troop withdrawal. During 1969 the Paris peace talks continued with the NLF, North Vietnamese, and South Vietnamese, but little progress was made. In the spring of 1970, Nixon expanded the war as U.S. and South Vietnamese forces invaded Cambodia to destroy North Vietnamese military sanctuaries there. The Cambodian action created a firestorm on U.S. college and university campuses, where antiwar protests led to the closing of many institutions for the remainder of the spring. Nevertheless, Nixon persevered with his policies. He authorized the bombing of Cambodia and Laos by B-52 bombers, destabilizing the Cambodian government and destroying large sections of both countries. By late 1970 the number of U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam had declined to 335,000. A year later the number had dropped to 160,000 military personnel. In March 1972 the North Vietnamese invaded the northern section of South Vietnam and the central highlands. Nixon responded by ordering the mining of Haiphong and other North Vietnamese ports and large-scale bombing of North Vietnam. In the fall of 1972, a peace treaty appeared likely, but the talks broke off in mid-December. Nixon then ordered intense bombing of Hanoi and other North Vietnamese cities. The "Christmas bombing" lasted 11 days. The peace talks then resumed, and on January 27, 1973, the parties agreed to a cease-fire the following day, the withdrawal of all U.S. forces, the release of all prisoners of war, and the creation of an international force to keep the peace. The South Vietnamese were to have the right to determine their own future, but North Vietnamese troops stationed in the south could remain. By the end of 1973, almost all U.S. military personnel had left South Vietnam. The conflict in the south continued in 1974. The United States cut military aid to South Vietnam in August 1974, resulting in the demoralization of the South Vietnamese army. The North Vietnamese, sensing that the end was near, attacked a provincial capital 60 miles north of Saigon in December 1974. After the city of Phouc Binh fell in early January 1975, the North Vietnamese launched a full-scale offensive in the central highlands in March. The South Vietnamese army fell apart and a general panic ensued. On April 30 the South Vietnamese government surrendered. On July 2, 1976, the country was officially united as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. More than 47,000 U.S. military personnel were killed in action during the war and nearly 11,000 died of other causes. Approximately 200,000 South Vietnamese military personnel were killed, and 900,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong soldiers lost their lives. The civilian population was devastated by the war. An estimated 1 million North and South Vietnamese civilians were killed during the war. Large parts of the countryside were destroyed through bombing and the U.S. spraying of chemical defoliants such as agent orange. - Vietnam War - The War And U.s. Law - Vietnam War - Westmoreland V. Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. - Other Free Encyclopedias
Most experts recommend 1,300 mg of calcium a day for girls aged 9 through 19. Natural sources of calcium, such as low-fat dairy products, are the smartest choice, because they also contain vitamin D and protein, both required for calcium absorption. Milk, yogurt, and cheese contribute most of the calcium in our diets. Some vegetables are also good sources, including broccoli, kale, and Chinese cabbage. Many foods are supplemented with calcium, including some brands of orange juice and tofu. The daily intake for Vitamin D is 600 IU per day for most children and healthy adults. Yin Yoga opens up the deep, dense, rarely touched areas of connective tissues of the body, otherwise known as fascia. Yin is the opposite of Yang yoga as we relax all muscles rather than moving through a flow. When one can completely release muscles in Yin, gravity helps break down the build up of connective tissue. Fascia can withstand up to 2,000 pounds of pressure per square inch, so deep stretching with longer holds is necessary. To assist with the long holds, all postures are on the floor, supported with props and blankets. Actively working to break down the fascia leads to greater flexibility and range of motion.
A few months ago I already wrote about Gene Cooperman who received US$ 200.000 to solve Rubik’s Cube. But there is more behind the story. Researchers are striving to help companies improve efficiency by studying the puzzle of all puzzles: the Rubik’s Cube. By using a lot of computers to solving Rubik’s Cube. Armed with at least 64 microprocessors and 20 terabytes of space, a professor from Northeastern University in Boston will try to do just that by recording as many states of the Rubik’s Cube as possible. The project may seem like a fascination with one of the world’s most popular toys gone awry, but it’s actually a complex look at how better operations research could improve a company’s bottom line, says Gene Cooperman, director of the Institute for Complex Scientific Software at Northeastern, who is spearheading the project. More information can be found at CIO.com. Happy Puzzling! Tags: Rubik’s Cube \| Innovation
To investigate, researchers divided 90 adults with diabetes into three groups. All three groups received daily yogurt drinks: one group received plain yogurt, one got yogurt with extra vitamin D, and one was given yogurt with extra vitamin D and calcium. All the participants drank their assigned yogurt twice a day. The plain yogurt contained150 milligrams of calcium, the vitamin D-fortified yogurt had 500 international units (IU) of vitamin D and 150 milligrams of calcium, and the doubly-fortified yogurt contained 500 IU of vitamin D and 250 milligrams of calcium. After three months, the plain yogurt group's average blood sugar increased from 187 to 203 milligrams per deciliter of blood (mg/dL). In both the fortified-yogurt groups, blood sugar dropped from 184 to about 172 mg/dL. The plain-yogurt group also had an increase in hemoglobin A1C, a sign of raised blood sugar levels over time, while both vitamin-D groups' A1C numbers decreased. While the findings are promising, more studies are needed on the subject. Over the past 30 years, numerous studies have linked vitamin D to a lowered risk of diabetes, while others have found no link. The study was published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. All research on this web site is the property of Leslie Beck Nutrition Consulting Inc. and is protected by copyright. Keep in mind that research on these matters continues daily and is subject to change. The information presented is not intended as a substitute for medical treatment. It is intended to provide ongoing support of your healthy lifestyle practices.
The BLACK-NECKED STORK (JABIRU) – listed as “Near Threatened” Posted on 13 Feb 23:51 Written by: Tzar the Paddington Poodle. Eden and Biru, Black-necked storks, feature in my book “The Adventures of Tzar the Paddington Poodle, Brahman Bull Encounter” due for release June 2017 and proudly explain to the Tzar when he takes a dip in a fresh water billabong in the Northern Territory, that Black-necked storks are in fact not Jabiru’s though in Australia, they are called. Jabiru’s are in fact refer to a stork species found in the Americas. It is one of the few storks that is strongly territorial when feeding. These elegant birds, are a large bird, 129–150 cm (51–59 in) tall having a 230-centimetre (91 in) wingspan. The average weight is around 4,100 grams (145 oz).The plumage patterns are conspicuous with younger birds differing from adults. Adults have a glossy bluish-black iridescent head, neck, secondary flight feathers and tail; a coppery-brown crown; a bright white back and belly; bill black with a slightly concave upper edge; and bright red legs. The sexes are identical but the adult female has a yellow iris while the adult male has it brown. Conservation Status of the Black-necked stork (Jabiru): - They are threatened by habitat destruction, the draining of shallow wetlands, overfishing, pollution, collision with electricity wires and hunting. - It is evaluated as near threatened on the IUCN Red List. Here are a few facts about these cute but rarely seen creatures: - The Black-necked Stork is the only species of stork that occurs in Australia. - In northern Australia, the species is traditionally called the Jabiru, but this is not an Indigenous name, as is often supposed, but is a Brazilian name which refers to a totally different species of stork which occurs in South and Central America. - Lives in shallows of wetlands including billabongs, swamps, floodwaters, wet heathlands, watercourse pools, dams and adjacent savannah woodlands. Prefers fresh water but sometimes found on inter-tidal shores such as margins of mangrove, mudflats and estuaries. - Kingdom: Animalia - Phylum: Chordata - Class: Aves - Order: Ciconiiformes - Family: Ciconiidae - Genus: Ephippiorhynchus - Species: E. asiaticus
Is BERA test safe in an infant? Q: My baby was born with one ear and no hole is seen from outside. When I approached a nearby ENT doctor, he suggested for BERA and OAE tests. Is it safe to do a BERA test in a one day old baby? Can this be cured with plastic surgery? A:Abnormality in the development of the ear may affect any one or a combination of the outer ear, the middle ear or the inner ear. In any child who is born with abnormality in the development of the outer ear (no ear, small ear, absent ear canal, etc.) it is mandatory to check the level of hearing in that child - both in the apparently normal ear, and if possible in the abnormal ear. In a small child, this is done by performing tests such as BERA (brain stem evoked audiometry), OAE (oto-acoustic emissions testing) and ASSR (auditory steady-state response). These tests are perfectly safe to perform, do not have any side effects and can be, and are, routinely performed in newborns. It is important to test the hearing so that we can ensure that at least one ear is functioning normally. If this can be confirmed, then there is no urgency in treating the abnormal ear as regards hearing. If there is a hearing problem in both the ears, this would need to be attended to early, so that the child hears sounds and develops normal hearing and speech. The treatment would depend on the nature and the site of the hearing loss. This often involves the use of some form of hearing device in the initial period. Any surgical reconstruction is reserved till the child is a bit older. You would also be advised to get a CT scan of the head and ear at a later stage. As regards plastic (or cosmetic) surgery to form the outer ear, this is not usually done before the age of 5 years, and maybe even later. Ensuring normal hearing in at least one ear is the priority. The next would be to consider options for improving hearing in the abnormal ear - by either surgical reconstruction or use of a bone conduction hearing aid or BAHA (bone anchored hearing aid) implant. Cosmetic improvement is usually considered later.
XO Troubleshooting Battery This page details only problems that actually reside within the battery. Note that if you are having problems running an XO from battery power, or having problems charging a battery, such problems could be the fault of the laptop (the battery itself may be fine). Problems that are localised to the laptop itself are discussed at XO Troubleshooting Power. How can you tell whether a particular problem is due to a faulty battery or faulty laptop? This is easiest when you have two XOs. Let's say you have laptop A including battery A, which is exhibiting a problem. You also have laptop B with laptop B, which is your personal XO which you trust to be functioning well. Take battery A and place it in laptop B, and take battery B and put it in laptop A. Testing both laptops will then give you a strong indication as to where the problem resides. Does the problem "follow" battery A into laptop B? If so, the problem resides within the battery (you're on the right page). Or does the problem remain within laptop A even when running from battery B? In such case, the problem resides within the laptop (see XO Troubleshooting Power). If you only have one XO available to you, it is suggested that you have a quick read of both this page and XO Troubleshooting Power. You should be able to make an educated guess as to which page is the most appropriate for your problem. If in doubt, follow the diagnostics outlined on both pages. First, take a quick look at the battery, especially the black connector which contains the contacts that electrically connect the battery to the laptop. Dried green crystals have been spotted around the connector on non-functional batteries on some occasions. This is from decomposition of the contact metal due to electrolysis in water. This may be cleaned with baking soda mixed with water, using a toothbrush. Wash your hands well afterwards. This may recover the battery, unless the contacts have become badly corroded. Perform an XO Full Reset. If you know the problem is localised within a battery, this is unlikely to make any difference. Nevertheless, lets do it now to be sure. Disconnect the battery, and connect the laptop to AC power. Now turn on the laptop. After the system has loaded, insert the battery. Does the battery LED start flashing red? If so, jump to #Battery LED is flashing red. Does the battery LED start flashing yellow? If so, see #Battery LED is flashing yellow. - For more information on the battery LED, see . Is there no apparent response in the battery LED? See #Battery detection diagnostics Now fully charge the battery, and wait for the battery LED to go green. Now disconnect AC power and discharge the battery while the system is running, keeping an eye on the percentage charge. Does the system shut down abruptly with over 10% of charge remaining? If so, see #Laptop shuts down abruptly with significant charge remaining. Now, starting with the battery completely discharged, perform a #Capacity test of the battery. Is the battery capacity significantly lower than that of the rated specification? If so, see #Battery capacity is significantly degraded. Battery LED is flashing red Lets start with the case that has the most solid diagnosis available: you have the laptop running with the battery inserted, and the laptop is also connected to AC power. The laptop seems to run fine with AC power connected, but the battery LED is flashing red (to be clear: the battery LED briefly is illuminated briefly as red, and then turns off, and this cycle repeats), and the laptop may not be able to be run from battery power alone. This flashing-red pattern means that the Embedded Controller (EC) has detected a problem with the battery. You must check the label on the battery. There are two types of battery: - OLPC CL1, lithium ferrophosphate, for XO-1, XO-1.5, XO-1.75 and XO-4, - OLPC CL4, lithium polymer. for XO-4 only. The OLPC CL4 battery will cause flashing red in an XO-1, XO-1.5, or XO-1.75, and this is normal. Do not use batman. Instead, replace the battery with an OLPC CL1 model. When the battery is the correct one for the laptop, we can ask the EC for the error code. From the Ok prompt: ok ec-abnormal@ . Note the '.' at the end. An error code will be returned. And hit escape. An error message will be printed. This message is a human-readable interpretation of the error code. Now identify the section below that corresponds to the error code/error message and follow the instructions for potential solutions. Wrong Pack setting (code 02) This error indicates battery EEPROM corruption. Using #Batman, use bat-dump-banks to examine the content of the EEPROM. Please send this information to OLPC techsupport or the developers list. LiFePo4 Overtemp (code 0b) The battery got too hot. Turn off the system remove the battery and let things cool. Bank 1 Invalid This message can be produced when the memory in the gas gauge has become corrupted, causing the battery identification data to be lost. This fix should only be attempted on batteries that are labelled as Made by BYD Company Limited on the label printed on the internal-facing side of the battery. This problem can be fixed with batman. Load batman, according to the instructions on this page, then attempt to fix the problem with: ok batman-start ok bat-set-life-byd ok batman-stop Now remove and insert the battery. Note that these same set of symptoms can also be indicative of other non-ID problems, so this may not solve your problem. If the problem remains after attempting this fix, you will need to examine the battery banks and contact OLPC tech support. Bank 0 Invalid First, using a serial console, save the output from the batman command: This may be useful later. Plus, OLPC would appreciate seeing this information posted to the devel mailing list in cases where the repair worked. There could be many causes of this error. One case found in Nicaragua had all bytes in bank 0 shifted left by one byte. The EC was then confused when reading a strange value from the status byte. This was successfully solved with: It should be safe to try this repair technique for any case of Bank 0 Invalid, but it may not be able to solve the particular problem you are seeing. After running the command, perform a full reset (disconnect AC power, remove and reinsert battery). If that didn't fix your problem, you can try a more invasive Bank 0 reset. This is only valid for XO-1 and XO-1.5 batteries at this time, don't try it on a battery that originally arrived in a XO-1.75 laptop. After running the command, perform a full reset (disconnect AC power, remove and reinsert battery). If the error condition cleared, the system will now be confused regarding the percentage of battery power remaining - you need to complete a full charge or a full discharge before things regain synchronization. Battery LED is flashing yellow This indicates the battery is being trickle charged. This is normal but only occurs for a very low battery. Leave the XO plugged in and normal charging will resume after trickle has finished. It may take up to an hour before normal charging commences. Trickle charging occurs when the battery voltage is lower than 5.4V. This can be monitored with the watch-battery firmware command detailed below. If trickle charging persists after an extended period of time, go to the #OK prompt and run: If watch-battery reports 0V 0A 0C and trickle charge, it may be worth testing the battery with a multimeter. See the #Multimeter test. Battery detection diagnostics If the system provides no apparent response in the battery LED when a battery is inserted, here are some diagnosis steps. Power off the laptop, remove the battery, power on the laptop again and go to the #OK prompt. Now run: Is a battery reported? If so, your problem is not related to battery detection, and must be related to battery charging or usage, discussed elsewhere on this page. Power off the laptop, remove the battery, power on the laptop again and go to the #OK prompt. Now run: This command continually prints the EC 1-wire communication state machine index. In other words, it's a low-level dump of the EC's communication with the battery. Before the battery is inserted, you will see a repeated pattern (usually "0 1 2" or "0 1 3"). With see-bstate still running, insert the battery and examine any change in the output. If there is no change in the output, it means the battery did not respond, see the "incorrect speed setting" section below. If there is some change in the output, it means that the system did detect some form of battery presence, but the communication was not enough to identify the battery. Incorrect speed setting in battery EEPROM If there is no change in see-bstate output when inserting a battery, you are possibly seeing a problem of incorrect speed setting in battery EEPROM. The gauge chip in the battery can support two different 1-wire speed modes, selected by a setting in the EEPROM. Open Firmware only offers support for the low-speed mode, which is configured by default in our batteries. If the battery EEPROM becomes corrupted in such a way that the speed setting is switched to high-speed, the system will fail to see the battery. watch-battery and see-bstate will behave as if no battery has been inserted. This can be corrected with one-wire interface equipment, which is readily available and quite cheap. Some OLPC deployments have obtained such equipment and use it to correct problems such as these. Such devices are able to reprogram the battery EEPROM, removing the corruption and going back to low-speed mode. If purchasing such equipment, be sure to buy a device that supports high-speed more - not all do. Firmware versions Q2F01 and newer for XO-1, and all firmware versions for XO-1.5 and XO-1.75 try very hard to avoid this condition, by detecting it before the EEPROM is written and enforcing low-speed mode. If a large number of batteries are encountered in this state in your project, please contact OLPC; there is a possibility that a special EC firmware could be produced to reprogram batteries in this condition. Laptop shuts down abruptly with significant charge remaining The reason for this may be that the Laptop fails to (fully) charge the battery. Please continue in the following section: #Battery capacity is significantly degraded Battery capacity is significantly degraded If you have determined that the battery capacity is degraded through one of the following methods: - You have noted that the laptop shuts down abruptly while the battery still has a significant amount of charge - You have tested the capacity of the battery and have found it to be much lower than the rated capacity of 2800mAh - The battery refuses to charge (the battery behaves as if it is completely discharged, i.e. it cannot power the system alone, but connecting AC power causes the battery LED to go green immediately) In this case, if the battery is a LiFePO4 battery with a yellow label, it could be that the battery cells have become inbalanced. See the XO LiFePO4 Recovery Procedure. Note that this problem was common on early XO-1 batteries, but is rarely seen on more recent models. If you reach this point and the LifePO4 recovery procedure doesn't help, you're unfortunately at the end of the road. It seems that the battery's internal resistance is too high to allow charging. You should discard the battery in an appropriate recycling facility. NOTE: batman is incompatible with XO-1.75. Any repairs done with batman must be performed on a XO-1 or XO-1.5 laptop. Batman is a set of utilities for battery diagnostics and repairs. Some of the batman commands are included in recent firmware versions, others must be loaded from an external file. See Batman for more info. OLPC OS has olpc-pwr-log, a tool to measure the capacity of the battery. - Ensure that your battery is fully discharged - Power on the laptop with no battery inserted - Open a terminal. - At the terminal, please type: sudo service powerd stop - At the terminal, please type: - Insert the battery when prompted - Wait until charged olpc-pwr-log will report information about the battery twice a minute. The eighth column shows the net accumulated current that has been delivered to the battery since olpc-pwr-log was started. This value is in microamp hours (µAh), so divide by 1000 to obtain the value in milliamp hours (mAh). For example; At this point the net accumulated current was 1721 mAh. Once the battery has fully charged and the battery LED is green, look again at the value printed in the second last column. This tells you how much charge was delivered to the battery during the charging process, which is representative of the capacity of the battery. A brand new battery would be expected to have a capacity of 2800mAh or more. As the battery is charged and discharged during its lifetime, the capacity will gradually decrease. However, it is rare to find a battery with a capacity lower than 2000mAh even after extended use. A log file for the test will be written, e.g. pwr-160302-224644-35d92532000000ea.csv, with the name made up of; - a six digit date in year, month, day, - a six digit time in hour, minute, second, - the battery serial number. More details can be found in XO power draw. Checking the voltage of the battery with a multimeter acts as a simple health check for the battery, and may help with other diagnostics. The battery has three terminals that connect to the laptop, you need to measure the voltage across the middle terminal and the one closest to the center of the battery. If your multimeter probes are too big to enter the terminals, find a couple of thin paperclips (or another type of thin wire) and feed them into the terminals, then you can connect the multimeter to the clips. For a good battery with some charge, expect a reading between 1V and 7V. If the multimeter reports 0V here, it suggests that there is a bad connection between the cells and the battery connector, or that the protection circuit has permanently failed. Both cases would indicate that the battery is permanently damaged and cannot be recovered. A battery is a chemical device whose characteristics change with age, history, and ambient temperature. The charge amount shown in the frame is only an estimate. Do not worry if your battery shows (for example) 96% charged, or does not reach 100% charge. Minimizing battery depletion Even when powered off (by choosing Shutdown from the Home view), the XO has slight power draw, losing about 2% charge a day. If you won't be using the XO for a while you can avoid this by removing the battery from the XO after powering off. Examining battery information from Linux Some of the diagnostics on this page require Open Firmware Ok prompt access, which requires that security is disabled. If you cannot disable security to reach this prompt, some of the diagnostics can be made from a Linux terminal. However, note that many repairs require Ok prompt access, so this diagnostic access is of limited value. # cd /sys/class/power_supply/olpc-battery # ls For example, to read the "flashing red error code" normally accessed with ec-abnormal@, you can now type: # cat error
Diabetic foot ulceration is full-thickness penetration of the dermis of the foot in a person with diabetes. Severity is classified as Grade 1 through 5 using the Wagner system. The annual incidence of ulcers among persons with diabetes is 2.5 to 10.7 percent in resource-rich countries, and the annual incidence of amputation for any reason is 0.25 to 1.8 percent. For persons with healed diabetic foot ulcers, the five-year cumulative rate of ulcer recurrence is 66 percent and of amputation is 12 percent. The most effective preventive measure for major amputation seems to be screening and referral to a foot care clinic if high-risk features are present. Other interventions for reducing the risk of foot ulcers include wearing therapeutic footwear and increasing patient education for prevention, but we did not find sufficient evidence to ascertain the effectiveness of these treatments. Pressure off-loading with total-contact casting or nonremovable fiberglass casts successfully improves healing of ulcers. Removable cast walkers that are rendered irremovable seem equally effective, but have the added benefit of requiring less technical expertise for fitting. We do not know whether pressure offloading with felted foam or pressure-relief half shoe is effective in treating diabetic foot ulcers. Human skin equivalent (applied weekly for a maximum of five weeks) seems to promote ulcer healing more effectively than saline moistened gauze. Human cultured dermis does not seem to be effective at promoting healing. Topical growth factors seem to increase healing rates, but there has been little long-term follow-up of persons treated with these factors. Systemic hyperbaric oxygen seems to be effective in treating persons with severely infected ulcers, although it is unclear whether it is useful in persons with non-infected, nonischemic ulcers. We do not know whether debridement or wound dressings are effective in healing ulcers. However, debridement with hydrogel and dimethyl sulfoxide wound dressings seems to promote ulcer healing. Debridement and wound dressings have been included together because the exact mechanism of the treatment can be unclear (e.g., hydrogel). \|What are the effects of interventions to prevent foot ulcers and amputations in persons with diabetes?\| \|Likely to be beneficial\|\|Screening and referral to foot care clinics\| \|What are the effects of treatments in persons with diabetes with foot ulceration?\| \|Likely to be beneficial\|\|Human skin equivalent\| \|Pressure off-loading with total-contact or nonremovable cast for plantar ulcers\| \|Systemic hyperbaric oxygen (for infected ulcers)\| \|Topical growth factors\| \|Unknown effectiveness\|\|Debridement or wound dressings\| \|Pressure off-loading with felted foam or pressure-relief half shoe\| \|Systemic hyperbaric oxygen (for noninfected, nonischemic ulcers)\| \|Unlikely to be beneficial\|\|Human cultured dermis\| Diabetic foot ulceration is full-thickness penetration of the dermis of the foot in a person with diabetes. Ulcer severity is often classified using the Wagner system. Grade 1 ulcers are superficial ulcers involving the full skin thickness, but no underlying tissues. Grade 2 ulcers are deeper, penetrating down to ligaments and muscle, but not involving bone or abscess formation. Grade 3 ulcers are deep ulcers with cellulitis or abscess formation, often complicated with osteomyelitis. Ulcers with localized gangrene are classified as Grade 4, and those with extensive gangrene involving the entire foot are classified as Grade 5. Studies conducted in Australia, Finland, the United Kingdom, and the United States have reported the annual incidence of foot ulcers among persons with diabetes as 2.5 to 10.7 percent, and the annual incidence of amputation for any reason as 0.25 to 1.8 percent. Long-term risk factors for foot ulcers and amputation include duration of diabetes, poor glycemic control, microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy), peripheral vascular disease, foot deformities, and previous foot ulceration or amputation. Strong predictors of foot ulceration are altered foot sensation, foot deformities, and previous foot ulcer or amputation of the other foot (altered sensation [relative risk (RR) = 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5 to 3.1]; foot deformity [RR = 3.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 9.9]; previous foot ulcer [RR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.3]; previous amputation [RR = 2.8; 95% CI, 1.8 to 4.3]). In persons with diabetes, foot ulcers often coexist with vascular insufficiency (although foot ulcers can occur in persons with no vascular insufficiency) and may be complicated by infection. Amputation is indicated if disease is severe or does not improve with conservative treatment. In addition to affecting quality of life, these complications of diabetes account for a large proportion of diabetes-related health care costs. For persons with healed diabetic foot ulcers, the five-year cumulative rate of ulcer recurrence is 66 percent and of amputation is 12 percent. Severe infected foot ulcers are associated with an increased risk of mortality.
The Council of Europe is the oldest European organisation. It was set up in 1949 and has 47 members. Belgium is a founding member. The Council is separate from the European Union. Its work involves the creation of a common democratic and judicial space. It also checks that fundamental rights are observed. Its most famous institution is the European court of Human Rights. The Committee of the Ministers is the Council's decision-making body and includes the foreign ministers of the member states. A different country chairs the Committee every six months. Changes to the workings of the European Court kick in as Belgium is in the chair. In April the Council's member states agreed to lighten the Court's workload to help it work more efficiently. The Brighton Declaration sets out the new criteria for a case to be tried by the European Court. Appeals must also be filed within a shorter delay.
You’ll need to learn both front-end and back-end development skills. JSP (Java Server Pages) is a back-end technology for developing dynamic, platform-agnostic online applications. It can handle dynamic content and has access to all of the Java APIs. A Java programmer should also be well-versed in PHP, python, Ruby, and the intricacies of web development. - A full stack web development, as previously said, is a professional who understands both the front and back ends of a web application/website. - To be an excellent full-stack Java developer, you need to learn Java and build your expertise in database management, object-oriented programming, and project management. - Managing requests from web-based customers is one of the most prevalent difficulties that corporate developers encounter. - However, your work doesn’t stop here, as you need to clear the interview round to bag your targeted Java developer job. - Java is one of the most in-demand and popular programming languages in the world. They must also have a strong understanding of programming languages, application analysis, and a variety of other technological topics. Depending on the project, these professionals may work with various programming languages, media types, and systems. Java developers often work with web developers, engineers, programmers, and testers throughout the product life cycle. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates there are more than 1,469,000 software developers around the country. Everything you need to know About Pascal Triangle in Java It caters to well-structured, industry-oriented Java certification training explicitly designed to serve the candidates according to the latest industry needs. Getting proper training from KnowledgeHut will help aspirants master core knowledge of Java plus equip themselves with the industry standards to manage 10 Interview Questions Youll Get for Remote Jobs large projects. Although a degree in the relevant discipline is required to secure a job, you don’t need any formal training to be a Java developer. And you can surely excel as a Java programmer without having a degree to back you up. Want to learn Java but have zero experience with the language, No worries! - Application containers are designed to perform a variety of tasks, such as user authentication, logging, and database connection establishment. - There are many online forums, such as Stack Overflow, that are full of experienced Java developers. - They thoroughly analyze user requirements, envision system features, and define application functionality. This allows you to make better and faster judgments during the development process. A full-stack developer can see how a minor change affects the overall project. Even people who do freelance work also get paid highly with a degree or even without a degree. A full stack 2023 Java backend and front-end developer is the most important role in technology in today’s globe. Programming languages to Become a Successful Java Developer You should be familiar with basic ideas like loops, arrays, operators. Additionally, you should at least have a basic understanding of the general-purpose APIs that are available in Java SE, such as Java.lang, Java.io, and Java.math. Considering how popular OOP principles are in Java, you should start understanding them as well. Get better Placement assistance with specially curated GeeksforGeeks JAVA Backend Development – Live course and become an expert by learning the core concepts of Java. Here I have jotted down some points to make you a better Java developer. As developers must update programs to ensure they’re functional and secure, you need to develop regular updates. You will need to plan, design, test, deploy, and collect user feedback on the update to build efficiently. If you work in a large business or busy industry, you may need to manage multiple updates simultaneously. New developers also confuse Java developers with software engineers, though these professions are different, too. Java developers are highly specialized professionals that (usually) only work with Java projects. What if you don’t like to practice 100s of coding questions before the interview? This will lead to a working timeline and agreed upon deadlines that should be adhered to. These are some of the ways that a Java Developer will be expected to maintain and optimize a client’s current program or enterprise system. Any changes have to be made in the testing environment, which requires reverting and redeployment. This might include working closely with a stakeholder, Project Manager, or Senior Java Developer, and many times includes all three. Discussions likely revolve around prioritizing important tasks first, determining overall scope of work and course of action. Depending on the requirements, some of these roles might overlap or be consolidated into one. A crucial fact is that professional Java developers are meticulous about writing unit tests to validate code results in both state and behavior testing scenarios. Students can enroll in a free version, or they can sign up for a paid version that allows more personal time with the instructor and certification that can be used to create a standout resume. In this Java web application tutorial I’ll show you how to create dynamic websites using the core technologies of Java web programming. If you want to create your own interactive websites, if you know some… With the right courses, you can start a successful career as a java developer. KnowledgeHut has the required infrastructure and quality education faculty, both online and offline, to train aspirants for these Oracle Certifications. Search for java developer jobs However, when we start learning to code, we start with the C language and then move on to C++ or one of the many other programming languages. But today I am going to talk about the most popular programming language which is known as Java. The popularity https://traderoom.info/comptia-authorized-partner-program-guide-by/ of Java can be attributed to its versatility as it can be used to design customized applications that are light and fast and serve a variety of purposes. Before we dive into the specifics of a Java developer role, let’s start with the basics. - With the right motivation and enough hands-on software development experience, you can become a Java developer. - Now that you understand the basics of Java, you’re ready to learn more about Java development as a career. - Code testing is the process of verifying that a program works as intended. - Additionally, being a strong team player with robust problem-solving skills is a must. For example, an integration test might check that a user can login to an application and then view their profile page. One of the most important responsibilities of a Java developer is to develop code that meets standards and is of high quality. To do this, they need to write unit tests to test the code they have written. Unit tests are small pieces of code that test specific functionality in an application. If you work in a large company or a fast-paced sector, you may be required to manage many changes at the same time. To further your journey into becoming a Java developer, it is important to develop project management capabilities. This will allow you to better understand how to work on projects with others, as well as give you an understanding of the different tools available to help manage these projects. After you have learned how to use databases, you should start learning about the Spring and Hibernate frameworks. The Spring framework is a set of libraries that are used for developing Java applications.
Equisetum sylvaticum (Wood Horsetail) A deciduous, colony-forming herb which generally grows on deep, mildly acidic, often peaty soils that are kept permanently damp by flushing. It occurs on the lower slopes of mountain valleys, steep streamsides, wet ledges and open flushes, beside lakes and on the edges of drainage ditches. It also occurs on wet road verges and railway embankments. 0-850 m (Breadalbanes, Mid Perth). There is little evidence of a decline in upland areas since the 1962 Atlas. The decline in the British lowlands was already apparent then, and has continued. Circumpolar Boreo-temperate element. Inland rock (quarries, cliffs, screes) PLANTATT - Attributes of British and Irish plants. (.zip 1455KB) This dataset was compiled and published in 2004, and last updated in November 2008. Download includes an Excel spreadsheet of the attributes, and a PDF explaining the background and nomenclature. Note that the PDF version is the booklet as published, whereas the Excel spreadsheet incorporates subsequent corrections. A hardcopy can be purchased from the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. Atlas text references . 1986. Atlas of north European vascular plants north of the Tropic of Cancer. 3 vols. Jalas & Suominen (1972) . 1978. Ferns and their allies. The Island of Mull: a survey of its flora and environment. :12.1-12.7. . 1965. Vergleichende Chorologie der zentraleuropäischen Flora. Volume 1. 2 vols. . 1997. The ferns of Britain and Ireland, edn 2.
Types of Polymer Elements Elements in polymers are classified into several types, some of them are \|app elements\|\|The app element is used while we are building the entire application. The main features of these elements are routing, data storage.\|\|< app-route >\| \|paper elements\|\|The paper elements consist of user interface components developed to create applications according to Google's content design guidelines.\|\|< paper-button >\| \|iron elements\|\|The iron elements are basic fundamental units when we are building an application, the element is also known as "core" elements.\|\|< iron-image >\| \|google elements\|\|The google element is a collection of web components that includes APIs and services for Google.\|\|< google-map >\| The iron-ajax element are used to shows network request functionality. \\Syntax < iron-ajax auto url="lfc.json" handle-as="json" last-response="handleResponse" > iron-ajax> \\Where \\URL(String):- URL target of the request \\auto:- When the page load request will be made. \\handle-as(String):- Specify the type of data stored in the response property.
So you think you know Canada’s wild species? We’ve written some really tough trivia questions dealing with Canadian birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and fish. If you’re stumped, email us for the answers at firstname.lastname@example.org. 1. Which bird is the slowest flier in the world? 2. Which bird builds such small nests the eggs are deposited in layers? 3. Which bird is completely encased in feathers from beak to its toes? 4. Which Canadian bird species dives the deepest? 5. What species is estimated to be the most numerous in the world? 6. Which bird was the official emblem of the Roman Army? 7. Which species consumes the most ants? 8. What is the fastest declining bird species? 9. Who was Mother Goose? 10. What was the first domesticated bird species? Canadian Mammal Trivia 1. Which mammal sings the longest and most complicated songs of any mammal? 2. Which mammal has the longest ears in proportion to body length than any other bat species? 3. Which mammal has a prolonged, high=pitched vocalization made in a position resembling a howling wolf? 4. Which mammal is known to kick sand in the face of predators to escape? 5. Which mammal makes more use of tools than any other animal outside the Primate family? 6. Which mammal travels over a larger home range than any other? 7. Which mammal is the most widespread carnivore in the Western Hemisphere? 8. Which mammal can climb trees at one month of age, even though it spends almost all it’s time on the ground? 9. Which mammal has the shortest lactation period of any mammal? 10. Which mammal is very important to the germination and proper growth of forest vegetation? 11. Which mammal is the tiniest in North America? 12. Which mammal drums it’s tail on the ground when frightened? 13. Which mammal is thought to have evolved in tandem with the ancestors of the cheetah? Canadian Reptile & Amphibian Trivia 1. What is Canada’s largest snake? 2. Which snake was once thought to have poisonous breath? 3. Which lizard squirts blood from its eyes? 4. What is the only skink species found in Ontario? 5. What turtle can weigh up to 22 kg? 6. Which turtle is known to climb chain link fences? 7. Which frog smells like onions? 8. Which frog is poisonous? 9. Which salamander lays poisonous eggs? 10. Which salamander is threatened by cranberries? Canadian Fish Trivia 1. Which fish species is known for their hyperactive behaviour? 2. Which species has poisonous eggs? 3. Which fish families make sounds? 4. Which species are able to travel overland using snake-like movements? 5. Which species is known as the ‘water wolf,’ and why? 6. Which species can be used as a candle when dried and a wick placed in the mouth? 7. Which species’ swimbladder is used by man? 8. What colour are sturgeon eggs (caviar)? 9. What do fireflies and some fish species have in common? 10. Which fish species use bait to catch their prey?
You’ve probably heard by now how NASA is going to focus more on deep space exploration, both manned and robotic, leaving the low-Earth orbit and suborbital realms to commercial companies, a major change. There is, however, an opportunity for public input for deep space exploration as well, thanks to a new initiative for competitive ideas from universities, students, companies and government agencies. This means that you may have a chance to forward your proposals to help solve the problems that will need to be resolved in the coming years. NASA’s new technology offices are getting ready to spend millions of dollars, it was announced at a seminar held last Monday as part of the Von Braun Memorial Symposium in Huntsville, Alabama. NASA is hoping to get between $375 million and $560 million in the fiscal year 2012 budget, which would be enough for competition prizes of $1 million or more. “We have a space technology program, and there’s some money behind it,” Marshall Chief Technologist Andrew Keys said at the seminar. The new heavy-lift rocket being designed will initially cost $1 billion or more, and still use proven conventional technology for its first planned launch in 2017. But as those first rockets are then replaced by larger ones, technological challenges will have to be overcome for new, better boosters to be designed, for example, which will ne necessary to take human farther into deep space to places like Mars. The solar sail is also a good example of new technology, which is much different from conventional rockets, using the pressure of photons emitted from the Sun for propulsion, a very novel idea which is now being proven to be both possible and useful. As in other facets of business and technology, competition will be a good thing, helping to bring out the best ideas and concepts from a larger knowledge pool, allowing the space industry to move more quickly and efficiently into the solar system and beyond. We may not have Star Trek-style warp speed yet, but the future is looking bright for space exploration, a future that can be better shared by all of us.
Ecohydrology, Bachelor of Science Degree Ecohydrology is a new integrative science that involves finding solutions to issues surrounding water, people, and the environment. One of the fundamental concepts involved in ecohydrology is that the timing and availability of freshwater is intimately linked to ecosystem processes, and the goods and services provided by fresh waters to societies. This means that emphasis is placed on the hydrological cycle and its effects on ecological processes and human well-being. Related Degrees and Programs Contact College of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Natural Resources \|Location\|\|Max Fleischmann Agriculture Building\|
\|Panfilo de Narvaez\| The text of the Relaciůn of Alvar NuŮez Cabeza de Vaca (that's Cabeza pictured above) is his narrative of the ill-fated 1527 NarvŠez expedition. He describes the shipwreck of the expedition on the coast of Florida and his landing on an island near what is now the Texas coast. Cabeza de Vaca Stranded Among the Indians \|Panfilo de Narvaez PŠnfilo de NarvŠez arrived near Tampa Bay with a large army from Spain on April 14, 1528. The Spanish government had given him permission to settle and rule the land along the Gulf Coast from Northern Mexico to the Florida peninsula and as far inland as he was able to control. When NarvŠez landed, he took three hundred soldiers and forty horses with him to explore the interior of the state. The ships, which were carrying food and supplies, were sent ahead to a harbor north of where they had originally landed. Stranded, NarvŠez along with his treasurer and provost marshal, NuŮez de Cabeza de Vaca, led his men northward up the peninsula to the chiefdom of the Apalachee. This would have been near present-day Tallahassee. The Spaniards met hostility and violence in the Apalachee territory. This was not surprising since along their route the Spaniards had seized an Apalachee village, stolen maize and other crops, and even held a chief hostage. After about a month, NarvŠez and the Spaniards gave up their hope of ever finding the ships and receiving their supplies. They were getting low on rations and many of the men were weak from illnesses. Panfilo de Narvaez, the leader of a Spanish expedition, entered the territory in 1528. The expedition's chronicles, recorded by Cabeza de Vaca (see sidebar), offer not only the earliest information concerning Indians of the southeast, but also reveal the Spanish cruelty and total lack of respect for other cultures. Their preoccupation with finding gold, and their fanatical religious attitude prevented them from attempting to learn about the newly discovered people. Cabeza de Vaca wrote some very critical reports of what the Spanish were doing to the Native American populations they encountered. After entering the Apalachee territory, Cabeza says the expedition encountered some Indians who led the Spaniards to their village. He doesn't say if the Indians invited them out of friendliness or coercion. But upon entering the village he reports: Actually, the bodies were being preserved until an appropriate burial time. This desecration of remains did not create a favorable impression of the "hairy invaders" among the North Florida tribes. The Spaniards then proceeded to the Indian town of Apalachen where Cabeza entered with nine horsemen and fifty foot soldiers. There were only women and children in the town, but the Indian men soon returned and started shooting arrows at the intruders. No doubt, word had already reached them of the Spanish desecration at the first village two hours earlier. After a skirmish, the Indian warriors fled, but later returned asking for the release of their women and children. The Spaniards did so, but kept a Caciques, or chief, as prisoner. This angered the Indians, of course, and they attacked again the following day. The Apalachees continued to attack daily, losing only two warriors in the twenty five days the Spaniards occupied their village. The Spaniards were exposed to guerrilla warfare wherein their horses and men were frequently wounded or killed when they went for water. Pursuit of the Indians was futile, as they would disappear into the big patches of corn or a shallow lake or pond. Cabeza reported that in one fight: The Spanish finally made it back to the Gulf coast where they made five barges and sailed west, having nothing further to do with the inhabitants or the Apalachee territory. Narvaez, with four ships and about 400 men, had originally set out to explore the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Many of the men were killed by Indians; Navarez himself was drowned near the mouth of the Mississippi River. In the end there were only four men left, Cabeza de Vaca and three companions. The great army had wandered about for eight years, traveled over two thousand miles across the continent, with only four survivors finally reaching a Spanish settlement on the western coast of Mexico... The story lives on. By 1728, there were only two Apalachee towns surviving in the territory. One, called Hamaste, was about six miles from Fort San Marcos (St. Marks), and had about 200 people living there. The other one was San Juan de Guacara with about 20 people... The Apalachean language appears to have been related to Choctaw. In Choctaw, Apelachi means helper or ally, and Apelichi means the place in which to rule, preside, or govern. The second, Apelichi, appears to reflect the situation as the Spaniards found it, as Elvas (Portuguese traveling with De Soto) reported that Anahayca Apalache was "where the lord of all that country and province resided"... Swanton, a historian back in 1922, claimed Apalachee means "on the other side" in Hichiti. This may be the true meaning, and the Apalachee may have just coincidentally been the dominant tribe in the region at that particular time. The largest geographic feature preserving the name of this tribe is the Appalachian Mountains.
Stream Editor - Loops SED facilitates branching and looping so that we can control the flow of execution.A loop in SED work like a goto statement. The SED can move to the line marked by the label and continue to execute the remaining commands. \\ A name after colon(:) implies the label name. :label :start :end :up NOTE : If we want to jump to a specific label, we can use the b command followed by the label name. In our lfc.txt file, there are many entries from book authors and their titles. The following examples combines a book title and the name of its author to a one line seperated by a comma. Then it searches for the "Jawaharlal" pattern. If the pattern matches, it prints a hyphen (-) in front of the line, otherwise it jumps to the print label that prints the line. $ sed -n ' h;n;H;x s/\n/, / /Jawaharlal/!b Print s/^/- / :Print p' lfc.txt ------------------ ------------------ Walden, Henry David Thoreau - The Discovery Of India, Jawaharlal Nehru The Algebra of Infinite Justice, Arundhati Roy Bookless in Baghdad, Shashi Tharoor Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle h;n;H;x and s/\n/, / :- combine the book title and its author separated by a comma(,). /Jawaharlal/!b Print :- Print only when the pattern does not match. :Print :- Print is just a label name.
- In the United States, roughly 2 per 1,000 people each year have some kind of head injury. Many do not seek medical care. - Between 400,000 and 500,000 people are hospitalized in the U.S. every year for head injury. - Younger people are more likely to have a head injury than older people. Head injury is the third most common cause of dementia, after infection and alcoholism, in people younger than 50 years. - Older people with head injury are more likely to have complications such as dementia. Children are likely to have more severe complications. - Men, especially younger men, are more likely than women to have a head injury. The nature of dementia in head-injured persons varies greatly by type and location of head injury and the person's characteristics before the head injury. The dementia that follows a head injury differs from other types of dementia. Many types of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease, get steadily worse over time. Dementia from head injury usually does not get worse over time. It may even improve somewhat over time. The improvement usually is slow and gradual and takes months or years. Dementia and Causes of Head Injury The following are the most common causes of head injury in civilians: - Falls (40%) - Unintentional blunt trauma (15%) - Motor vehicle accidents (14%) - Assaults (11%) - Unknown causes (19%) Use of alcohol or other substances is a factor in about half of these injuries. Certain groups are more likely than others to sustain head injury: - In children, bicycle accidents are a significant cause of head injury. - Most head injuries in infants reflect child abuse. A common name for this is shaken baby syndrome. - Older adults are especially likely to injure themselves by falling. Symptoms of Dementia in Head Injury Dementia-related symptoms in head injury include those that affect thinking and concentration, memory, communication, personality, interactions with others, mood, and behavior. Individuals experience different combinations of these symptoms depending on the part of the head injured, the force of the blow, the damage caused, and the person’s personality before the injury. Some symptoms appear rapidly, while others develop more slowly. In most cases, symptoms have at least started to appear in the first month after the injury. Symptoms of dementia in people with head injuries include: - Problems thinking clearly - Poor concentration - Slowed thought processes - Irritability, easily frustrated - Impulsive behavior - Mood swings - Inappropriate behavior in social situations - Grooming and dressing eccentric or neglected - Restlessness or agitation - Aggression, combativeness, or hostility - Vague, nonspecific physical symptoms Some people develop seizures after a head injury. These are not part of the dementia, but they can complicate the diagnosis and treatment of dementia. Major mental disorders may develop after head injury. Two or more of these may appear together in the same person: Depression -- Sadness, tearfulness, lethargy, withdrawal, loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, insomnia or sleeping too much, weight gain or loss Anxiety -- Excessive worry or fear that disrupts everyday activities or relationships; physical signs such as restlessness or extreme fatigue, muscle tension, sleeping problems Mania -- State of extreme excitement, restlessness, hyperactivity, insomnia, rapid speech, impulsiveness, poor judgment Psychosis -- Inability to think realistically; symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions (fixed false beliefs not shared by others), paranoia (suspicious and feeling of being under outside control), and problems thinking clearly; if severe, behavior seriously disrupted; if milder, behavior bizarre, strange, or suspicious - Obsessive-compulsive symptoms -- Development of obsessions (uncontrolled, irrational thoughts and beliefs) and compulsions (odd behaviors that must be carried out to control the thoughts and beliefs); preoccupation with details, rules, or orderliness to such a degree that the larger goal is lost; lack of flexibility or ability to change - Suicide risk -- Feelings of worthlessness or that life is not worth living or that world would be better off without him or her, talks about suicide, states intention to commit suicide, develops plan to commit suicide When to Seek Medical Care for Dementia Any of the symptoms and signs described in the symptoms section warrants a visit to the person’s health care provider. This is true regardless of whether the person has a known head injury. Be sure the health care provider knows about any falls or accidents that could have involved even a mild head injury. Exams and Tests for Dementia After a Head Injury In most cases, the appearance of dementia symptoms is clearly linked to a known head injury. The health care provider will ask for a detailed account of the onset of symptoms. This account should include the following: - The exact nature of any injury and how it happened, if known - Medical attention received in the period immediately after the injury (such as a visit to the emergency room; medical records should be available.) - The person’s state since the injury - Any prescription or over-the-counter medications, or illicit drugs, the person may be taking - A description of all symptoms and their timing and severity - An account of all treatment undergone since the injury - Whether any legal action is pending or under consideration The medical interview will ask for details of all medical problems now and in the past, all medications and other therapies, family medical history, work history, and habits and lifestyle. In most cases, a parent, spouse, adult child, or other close relative or friend should be available to provide information that the injured person cannot provide. At any time in this evaluation process, the primary health care provider may refer the injured person to a neurologist (specialist in disorders of the nervous system, including the brain). A thorough physical exam will be done to identify neurological and cognitive problems, problems in mental or social function, and unusual appearance, behavior, or mood. Many health care providers refer head-injured persons for neuropsychological testing. This is the most reliable way to document cognitive impairments following a head injury. Neuropsychological testing for dementia Neuropsychological testing is the most sensitive means of identifying dementia in persons with head injury. It is carried out by a specialist trained in this specific area of clinical psychology. The neuropsychologist uses clinical rating scales to identify subtle cognitive problems. This testing also establishes clear baselines for measuring changes over time. Imaging studies for head injury, dementia Head injury warrants a brain scan to to determine whether any brain structures show physical abnormalities - A CT scan is a type of X-ray that shows details of the brain. It is the standard test in a person who has had a head injury. A scan performed one to three months after injury may detect damage not visible immediately after the injury. - MRI is more sensitive than CT scan in demonstrating certain types of injury. - Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan is a relatively new imaging method that is still being studied in people with head injuries. It may be better than CT scan or MRI in detecting functional problems in the brain for some types of dementia or other brain disorders. SPECT is available only at some large medical centers. Other tests for head injury Electroencephalogram (EEG) measures the electrical activity of the brain. It may be used to diagnose seizures or abnormally slow rates of brain activity. Treatment for Dementia in Head Injury Head injuries often bring an abrupt "coping crisis." The sudden adverse changes that go with a head injury inevitability cause many emotions. Anxiety is a common response, and the person may become demoralized or depressed. Damage to the brain may impair the person’s ability to cope at a time when the need to adapt is greatest. Persons with head injury typically are more distressed and have more difficulty coping with their injury than persons who have other types of injuries. Usually, a particular family member assumes most of the responsibility for the injured person’s care. Ideally, more than one family member should be closely involved in caregiving. This helps family members share the burdens of providing care and helps the primary caregiver keep from becoming isolated or overwhelmed. Caregivers should be included in all significant interactions with health care professionals. Caregivers must encourage and expect the injured person to be as independent and productive as possible. At the same time, caregivers need to be patient and tolerant. They should accept that the person may have real limitations and that these will likely worsen if the person is tired, ill, or stressed. Emphasizing what the person can still do, rather than what seems to be lost, is helpful. With head injuries, the greatest improvement is expected in the first six months, but delayed improvement is possible as long as five years after the injury. Home Care After a Head Injury The extent to which a person with a head injury can care for himself at home depends on his disabilities. If self-care is possible, a plan should be developed with input from the professional care team and family members. The team should assess the person’s ability to function on his or her own and comply with medical treatment. In many cases, the person must be supervised by a caregiver to ensure compliance and safety. The injured person's surroundings must be neither too calm nor too hectic. He or she should have regular routines of light and dark, eating, sleeping, relaxing, using the bathroom, and taking part in rehabilitation and leisure activities. This helps the injured person remain emotionally balanced and minimizes the caregiver’s burden. - The environment should be made safe by taking away area rugs to reduce falls, removing hazards, providing grab bars in bathtubs and showers and around toilets, and putting child locks on cabinets or stove knobs if necessary. - If the patient is capable of going out alone, he or she should know the route well, carry identification, wear a medic alert bracelet, and be able to use phones (especially cell phones) and public transportation. Caregivers must decide whether the person should have access to checking accounts or credit cards. In general, the person should continue to handle his or her own money if he or she seems willing and able. The caretaker can get power of attorney to monitor the person's financial responsibility. If the person has markedly poor judgment or seems unable to handle financial matters, the caregiver should seek formal conservatorship, which gives legal authority to manage the person's resources. Many over-the-counter (nonprescription) drugs can interfere with medications that might be prescribed by the health care team. These interactions can decrease how well the prescription drugs work and might worsen side effects. The person's care team must know what sorts of nonprescription medications the head-injured person uses. Caregivers should seek help if the person has very disrupted sleep, does not eat enough, or eats too much, loses control of his or her bladder or bowels (incontinence), or becomes aggressive, or sexually inappropriate. Any marked change in behavior should prompt a call to the professional who is coordinating the person's care. Treatment for Dementia After a Head Injury The head-injured person who has become demented will benefit from any of the following: - Behavior modification - Cognitive rehabilitation - Medication for specific symptoms - Family or network intervention - Social services One goal of these interventions is to help the head-injured person adapt to his or her injury cognitively and emotionally. Another is to help the person master skills and behaviors that will help him or her reach personal goals. These interventions also help family members learn ways that they can help the head-injured person and themselves cope with the challenges a head injury poses. These interventions can be especially important in establishing realistic expectations for outcome and pace of improvement. Behavior modification has been shown to be very helpful in rehabilitation of brain-injured persons. These techniques may be used to discourage impulsive, aggressive, or socially inappropriate behaviors. They also help counteract the apathy and withdrawal common in head-injured persons. - Behavior modification rewards desired behaviors and discourages undesirable behaviors by withdrawing rewards. The goals and rewards are, of course, tailored to each individual. The family usually becomes involved to help reinforce the desired behaviors. - Persons who have insomnia or other sleep disturbances are taught "sleep hygiene." This instills daytime and bedtime habits that promote restful sleep. Sleeping pills are generally avoided in persons with head injury, who are more sensitive to the side effects of these drugs. In general, cognitive rehabilitation is based on the results of neuropsychological testing. This testing clarifies problems and strengths in persons with dementia. The goals of cognitive rehabilitation are: - Encouraging recovery in functions that can be improved - Compensating for areas of permanent disability - Teaching alternative means of achieving goals For example, gradually increasing the time spent reading helps a person both improve concentration and develop confidence in his or her ability to concentrate. Keeping lists allows a person to compensate for decreased memory. Family or network intervention Head injuries often cause substantial family distress. Changes of personality in head-injured persons, especially apathy, irritability, and aggression, can be burdensome to family members, especially the main caregivers. It is important that family members understand that undesirable behaviors are due to the injury and that the head-injured person is unable to control these behaviors. Even when family members understand that the person is unable to control his or her behavior, the person's slowness, inappropriateness, and erratic responsiveness can be exasperating or even frightening. Family members become isolated from usual support, especially when the person's impairments are severe, prolonged, or permanent. Mental health professionals recommend counseling for family members, especially those in caregiving roles. Ask your loved one's health care provider for a referral to a mental health provider and family support groups. These interventions improve morale and help family members cope. Social services for head injury and dementia A trained social worker can help the head-injured person with dementia apply for disability benefits, locate specialized rehabilitation programs, attend to medical problems, and participate in treatment. Dementia symptoms such as poor reasoning, impulsiveness, and poor judgment may render the person unable to make medical decisions or to handle his or her own affairs. Social services can help in establishing a guardian, conservator, or other protective legal arrangement. Medications for Dementia After a Head Injury There are no medications formally approved by the FDA specifically to treat dementia in people who have sustained a traumatic brain injury. Persons with a head injury may require medication to treat symptoms such as depression, mania, psychosis, impulsivity-aggression, irritability, mood swings, insomnia, apathy, or impaired concentration. Headaches may also get better with drug treatment. Drugs used to treat such symptoms are called psychotropic or psychoactive drugs. Doctors do not fully understand how exactly they work, but it is thought that they help to dampen down the activity of brain areas where there is too much excitation and help regulate the activity of brain regions involved in thinking, behavior, mood regulation and impulse control. Head-injured persons are more sensitive to drug side effects. Doses and schedules may require frequent adjustment until the best regimen is found. Most people with dementia due to head injury are treated with the same drugs used to treat dementia caused by other diseases. In many cases, these drugs have not been specifically tested in persons with head injury. There are no established guidelines on psychotropic drug treatment after head injury. Antidepressants after a head injury These drugs are used to treat depressive symptoms due to head injury. - Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the antidepressants of choice, because they work well and have tolerable side effects. The goal is to prescribe the drug with the fewest side effects and drug interactions. SSRIs also are used to treat behavior disturbances resulting from head trauma. Examples include fluoxetine (Prozac) and citalopram (Celexa). Sometimes, drugs that increase the activity of two chemicals -- serotonin and norepinephrine (called serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, or SNRIs) -- are also used. - Tricyclic antidepressants are occasionally used for people who cannot tolerate SSRIs or SNRIs. They tend to have more side effects than SSRIs. Their advantages include that their levels can be measured in the blood and the dose adjusted readily. These drugs can cause problems with heart rhythm and blood pressure. An example is amitriptyline (Elavil). - The antidepressant bupropion (Wellbutrin) is often avoided in patients with head injuries because it may cause seizures. - Another antidepressant, mirtazapine (Remeron), is often useful for depression that involves sleep disturbances in head-injured persons. This drug is unrelated to other types of antidepressants and is not toxic in overdose. These drugs increase the amount of a brain chemical (neurotransmitter) called dopamine, which may improve concentration, attention, and interest level in people who have sustained a head injury. Dopamine enhancers may interact with antidepressants to improve mood swings. The most potent of these drugs is levodopa, but it also causes the most side effects. Other drugs include bromocriptine (Parlodel) and the stimulant dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), which increases levels of dopamine and another neurotransmitter called norepinephrine. These drugs are used "off label" in dementia to treat psychotic symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations, agitation, and disorganized thinking and behavior. Newer antipsychotic drugs (such as risperidone (Risperdal), olanzapine (Zyprexa), and quetiapine (Seroquel) may be better tolerated. These drugs may work particularly well for the agitation and other psychotic symptoms common in head-injured persons. Keep in mind that all antipsychotic drugs carry a "boxed" FDA warning describing an increased risk of death from all causes when given to elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis. When prescribed, they must be administered cautiously and with the informed consent of individuals who are designated to make health care decisions if the patient himself cannot. In addition, antipsychotic drugs can lower the seizure threshhold and therefore must be used cautiously if there is concern about seizure risk following a head injury. Certain anticonvulsant (antiepileptic) drugs often work well in behavior disturbances (aggression, agitation) that occur as complications of head injury. They can be helpful to treat impulsive or aggressive behavior and sometimes help with moment-to-moment changes in mood. Examples include carbamazepine (Tegretol) and valproic acid (Depacon, Depakene, Depakote). Like some antiepileptic drugs, the drug lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid) is a mood stabilizer. It is helpful in calming explosive and violent behavior. Lithium also decreases impulsive and aggressive behavior. These drugs are sometimes used cautiously to quickly relieve agitation or violence on a short-term basis in people with dementia. They have other uses, such as treating insomnia and relieving anxiety. However, they can worsen cognitive and behavioral problems (e.g., impulse control) in people with head trauma and are therefore generally not recommended in head-injured persons with dementia, except when needed to calm a person rapidly. Examples are Ativan (lorazepam) and Valium (diazepam). These drugs work well in treating aggression in some people with head injury. They also reduce restlessness and agitation. An example of these drugs, which are most widely used to lower high blood pressure, is propranolol (Inderal). Other Therapy for Dementia After a Head Injury Persons who are unable to prepare food or feed themselves are in danger of becoming malnourished. Their diets must be monitored to be sure that they are getting proper nutrition. Dementia patients who may have a poor gag reflex or difficulty swallowing may need special medical assistance for obtaining nutrition. Otherwise, no special dietary prescriptions or restrictions apply. In general, the person should be as active as possible. In the early phases of rehabilitation, simple physical exercises and games may improve endurance and self-confidence. These activities should gradually increase in difficulty. It may be necessary to change the surroundings to prevent falls and accidents that could cause repeat injuries. Often, guidance from an occupational therapist and physical therapist can be helpful for maintaining a safe and appropriate environment and level of activity. Although medical professionals often recommend that the head-injured person resume normal activities or responsibilities, this is not always easily done. People who work at night, or whose work involves heavy machinery, hazardous conditions, or an overstimulating environment, may not be able to return to their previous positions. Returning to work before the person is ready may lead to failure and regression in recovery. The person may delay returning to work or previous activities for fear of further injury, embarrassment about disabilities, and uncertainty about abilities. A gradual return to work that allows the person to relearn or get used to the job is often helpful, although not always possible. Accommodations in the workplace may also be necessary to allow the person to perform his/her usual job role and responsibilities. People who play contact sports should not return to play until cleared by their health care provider. Even a mild head injury makes the brain more fragile. A second blow to the head, even a very slight one, could cause a person with a recent head injury to die of sudden brain swelling. This is called second injury syndrome. Next Steps After a Head Injury and Dementia The head-injured person with dementia requires regularly scheduled follow-up visits with the medical professional coordinating his or her care. These visits give the coordinator a chance to check progress and make recommendations for changes in treatment if any are necessary. Head Injury Prevention A head injury and its resulting complications, such as dementia, are highly preventable. - Use of protective gear in contact sports and hard hats and safety equipment at work if applicable. - Wear seat belts and bicycle and motorcycle helmets. - For older adults, altering the surroundings to lower the risk of falls is important. - Protecting children from child abuse helps prevent head injuries. A person who has experienced a head injury is at risk for further head injuries. Lower the danger by being aware of risk factors. - Avoiding illegal substances and alcohol makes further injury less likely. - Some patients with head injury have suicidal thoughts. These people require immediate medical attention. In many cases, suicide can be prevented with treatment of depression, counseling, and other therapy. - Athletes should not return to play until they have been cleared by their health care provider. Outlook for Dementia After a Head Injury The outlook for persons with dementia after head injury is difficult to predict with certainty. Some people recover fully from severe injuries; others remain disabled for long periods after much milder injuries. In general, outcome relates to the seriousness of the injury. Dementia from head injury usually does not get worse over time and may even improve over time. For More Information Brain Injury Association of America 1608 Spring Hill Road, Suite 110 Vienna, VA 22182 National Brain Injury Information Center: (800) 444-6443 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health 31 Center Drive, MSC 2540 Building 31, Room 8A-06 Bethesda, MD 20892-2540 (800) 352-9424 (recording) Mental Health America 2000 North Beauregard Street, 12th Floor Alexandria, VA 22311 Toll free (800) 969-6642
This is the last of three articles adapted from Richard Ford’s new book, Rights Gone Wrong: How Law Corrupts the Struggle for Equality. Since the 1960s, the ideas developed during the civil rights movement have dominated American race relations. Courts and governmental agencies enforce legal prohibitions against discrimination, and private businesses and universities follow suit, fashioning their own diversity policies. Even private individuals think about race relations in civil-rights terms: We aspire to the ideal of “colorblindness” and condemn the evils “discrimination” and “bias.” American civil rights legislation has been a model for other nations, and the American civil rights movement has inspired important struggles against injustice, such as the South African anti-apartheid movement and the international movement for gay rights. For a long time this way of thinking made perfect sense. When it comes to outright discrimination and overt prejudice, civil rights have been an astonishing success. But today’s most serious social injustices aren’t caused by bias and bigotry. In the context of race, they stem from segregation—a legacy of past racism but not by and large the result of ongoing discrimination—and the many disadvantages that follow from living in isolated, economically depressed and crime-ridden neighborhoods. Civil rights litigation and activism have hardly made a dent in these formidable obstacles. In fact, civil rights thinking can distract attention from the real problems, emphasizing dramatic incidents that aren’t good examples of the larger injustices. Civil rights haven’t been a panacea for the illness of social prejudice, but like a patient who keeps popping pills because the prescription isn’t working, we’re now at risk of an overdose. Civil rights litigation has exploded since the 1970s, far outpacing the growth in civil litigation generally. In 1991 the federal courts heard about 8,300 employment discrimination cases; in 2000 they heard more than 22,000. Civil rights laws, properly framed and limited, serve a vital social purpose, but too many civil rights can be as bad as too few, and an overly aggressive civil rights regime can be as destructive as an ineffectual one. Civil rights litigation and activism don’t do enough to redress today’s most serious social injustices, many of which aren’t caused by overt prejudice or simple discrimination. Inner city blacks are more isolated from, and less likely to succeed in, the prosperous American mainstream than they were in the 1970s. Joblessness among blacks without a high school education is higher than at any time in American history: In 2004, 72 percent of black men who didn’t finish high school are unemployed, and more than half of inner city black men don’t finish high school. By the time they reach their mid-30s, roughly 60 percent of these young men will have been incarcerated. Women still earn about 75 cents for every dollar men earn for comparable work. The unemployed elderly are more likely to stay that way than younger job seekers, because of a complex set of economic and institutional factors. The disabled still lack the access to jobs, education, and public buildings—things that most of us take for granted. Gay men and lesbians face widespread hostility and contempt. These problems remain entrenched despite more than 40 years of comprehensive civil rights enforcement; numerous new civil rights laws at the federal, state, and local level extending entitlements to an increasing number of new groups; countless costly and acrimonious lawsuits; and the constant drumbeat of civil rights activism. At the same time, opportunists and special interest lobbying groups have used civil rights laws to get an edge in competitive schools and job markets, demanding special privileges and even cold hard cash as a matter of civil rights. Civil rights laws prohibiting discrimination have been pressed to perverse and illogical extremes: Laws against sex discrimination are used to require coed public restrooms and outlaw “Ladies’ Nights” at singles bars; one litigant even sued to stop Mother’s Day. Cynical opportunists and reckless extremists on both the left and the right have hijacked civil rights, using them to gain personal advantage at public expense, to push radical schemes despite democratic opposition and in some cases, even to reverse and undermine the social justice goals civil rights were supposed to achieve. It’s not just that civil rights laws are abused or taken too far: Some may be doing more harm than good. For instance, the 14th Amendment to the Constitution was enacted after emancipation, to ensure that newly freed slaves would have a chance at a decent and dignified life, and it has been one of the most important constitutional guarantees of equality for most of the 20th century, serving as the legal foundation of desegregation in 1954’s Brown v. Board of Education. But more recently the 14th Amendment guarantee of equal protection has stymied sensible, if controversial, efforts to correct racial inequality, in direct contravention of its historical purpose. Most dramatically, in 2007 the 14th Amendment was used to prevent racial integration in the public schools. Civil rights have “occupied the field” of social justice, crowding out alternative ways of thinking and new solutions. It’s hard to think of a social cause that isn’t framed in terms of rights, and a growing number of social groups seek to define themselves as embattled or despised minorities in order to qualify for civil rights–style public sympathy, if not formal legal entitlements. Rights against discrimination on the basis of age, disability, sexual orientation, height, weight, and physical appearance followed hard on the heels of the right against race, sex, and religious discrimination created by the omnibus civil rights legislation of the 1960s. Civil rights are an important part of many social justice struggles, but they are subject to the law of diminishing returns. Rights can offer limited improvements in a narrow set of circumstances. But the effectiveness of the civil rights approach diminishes, and its costs increase, as it is applied to more novel, complex, and elusive social problems. Those working for social justice all too often eschew the difficult and unpleasant task of popular persuasion, lured by the false hope of a short cut by way of judicially mandated civil rights. Even policy reform pursued through the democratic process often takes the form of new individual entitlements, following the lead of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It’s now common to think of individual rights as the most effective way to attack injustice. Few remember that when the law was passed, enforcement by private individuals was a second-best compromise that the act’s strongest supporters thought risked making the new law ineffectual. In many ways, they were right: The most disadvantaged victims of America’s long-lived racial hierarchy, trapped in poverty-stricken ghettos and quarantined in prisons, have enjoyed few of the benefits of the civil rights legislation. Meanwhile, what we could call “rights consciousness” occupies a larger part of our culture than ever before. Today the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness seem almost quaint in a field crowded with novel and ambitious new rights. International human rights were developed as a response to torture and genocide, but they quickly expanded to guarantee a variety of substantive goods and social services, including housing, medical care, dignified employment, and cultural integrity. The Bill of Rights of the Constitution has inspired the Taxpayers’ Bill of Rights, the Airline Passenger’s Bill of Rights, the Consumer’s Bill of Rights (a telling reflection of our national priorities), and the Pizza Lover’s Bill of Rights (ditto). Each of these new rights is inspired by a laudable and important aspiration (with the exception of pizza). But is the language and logic of rights the best way to think through or address all these concerns? And what does it say about public confidence in political and economic institutions and our relationships with our fellow citizens that we pursue so many of our goals and imagine so much of our life in terms of formal entitlements? Civil rights are remarkably effective against overt prejudice perpetrated by identifiable bigots. But they have proven impotent against today’s most severe social injustices, which involve covert and repressed prejudice or the innocent perpetuation of past prejudice. Like an overprescribed antibiotic that kills beneficial micro-organisms and eventually encourages resistant strains of bacteria, the civil rights approach to social justice, once a miracle cure, now threatens to do more harm than good.
This chapter will focus on file systems of computers in general, as well as the NFS system here on NC States’s campus environment. Also included in this chapter is how to access NFS using software provided by the University. - Identify the types of file systems for each OS - Match each node in a file tree to its identifier - Understand the rules behind Linux file names and extensions - Memorize certain path names - Utilize path names in the NFS system - Access NFS using campus installed software For details on downloading, installing and using applications for transferring files, remotely using applications, or taking advantage of Windows Based VCL images, visit our Software Instructions area.
Point Pelee National Park of Canada Birds of Point Pelee National Park © Parks Canada -Histrionicus histrionicus (Linnaeus) Adult male: Head and neck mainly dark leaden-blue. A crescentic white patch at base of bill, an oval white ear patch and another white patch down side of neck. A black median stripe through centre of crown with chestnut on either side of it. Narrow white collar around neck, incomplete in front and behind. Back slatly blue. Tail black, slender and pointed. Long bar on side of breast, white bordered with black. Speculum metallic blue. Inner secondaries extensively white. Wing linings brown. Upper breast bluish. Belly dark brown often with bluish wash. Sides chestnut. Eye reddish brown. Bill bluish grey to bluish black. Legs and feet bluish grey.
In a world filled with constant stimulation and instant gratification, the decision to embrace abstinence might seem like a radical choice. However, for some, the benefits are undeniable. This article explores the pros and cons of abstinence, shedding light on the health benefits, emotional considerations, relationship dynamics, religious perspectives, social implications, and psychological effects associated with choosing to abstain. It's time to take a closer look at a practice that challenges societal norms and offers a unique perspective on human connection. - Abstinence reduces the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and provides 100% protection against them. - Emotional considerations of abstinence include increased emotional connection between partners, potential frustration and temptation, and the importance of communication with partners. - Relationship dynamics and abstinence require communication, shared commitment, finding alternative ways to express intimacy, and engaging in activities that promote emotional bonding. - From a religious perspective, abstinence is seen as a way to maintain purity, exercise self-control and discipline, deepen connection with faith, and align with religious beliefs. Health Benefits of Abstinence One of the health benefits of abstinence is that it reduces the risk of sexually transmitted infections. When individuals choose to abstain from sexual activity, they eliminate the possibility of coming into contact with the various infections that can be transmitted through sexual contact. Sexually transmitted infections, or STIs, are infections that are primarily spread through sexual activities such as vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Examples of common STIs include HIV/AIDS, gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and genital herpes. These infections can have serious consequences for one's health, including infertility, chronic pain, and even death. By abstaining from sexual activity, individuals can greatly reduce their risk of contracting these infections. It's important to note that abstinence is the only method of contraception that provides 100% protection against STIs. While other forms of contraception, such as condoms or birth control pills, can help prevent pregnancy, they don't offer the same level of protection against STIs. Therefore, choosing abstinence can be an effective way to safeguard one's sexual health. Emotional Considerations of Abstinence The emotional well-being and stability of individuals, as well as their relationships, can be influenced by the decision to practice abstinence. While abstinence can provide certain emotional benefits, it also presents challenges and considerations that individuals should be aware of. Here are three key emotional considerations of abstinence: - Increased emotional connection: Abstinence can foster a deeper emotional connection between partners, as it encourages them to focus on emotional intimacy rather than physical gratification. This can lead to a greater sense of emotional fulfillment and intimacy within the relationship. - Frustration and temptation: Choosing abstinence can be emotionally challenging, as individuals may experience frustration and temptation. The desire for physical intimacy can be strong, and it's important for individuals to communicate openly and honestly with their partners to navigate these emotions effectively. - Personal growth and self-control: Abstinence requires a significant level of self-control, which can contribute to personal growth and self-awareness. By practicing abstinence, individuals can develop a stronger sense of discipline and self-restraint, leading to increased confidence and emotional well-being. Relationship Dynamics and Abstinence Three key factors influence the dynamics of a relationship when practicing abstinence. First and foremost, communication plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy and fulfilling relationship. Open and honest conversations about boundaries, desires, and expectations are essential to ensure both partners are on the same page. This helps build trust and understanding, fostering a strong emotional connection. Secondly, it is important for both individuals to have a shared commitment to abstinence. Mutual respect and support are vital in navigating the challenges that may arise. By staying true to their shared values, couples can strengthen their bond and deepen their emotional connection. Lastly, finding alternative ways to express intimacy is key. Physical affection, such as cuddling, hugging, or holding hands, can help couples maintain a sense of closeness and connection without engaging in sexual activity. Additionally, engaging in activities that promote emotional and intellectual bonding, such as deep conversations, shared hobbies, or joint projects, can strengthen the relationship and create a strong foundation. To emphasize the importance of these factors, here is a table: \|Factors influencing relationship dynamics when practicing abstinence\| \|Communication\|\|Open and honest conversations\| \|about boundaries and desires\| \|Commitment\|\|Shared commitment to abstinence\| \|Mutual respect and support\| \|Expressing intimacy\|\|Physical affection\| \|Emotional and intellectual\| \|bonding through shared\| Religious Perspectives on Abstinence Many religious individuals find solace and guidance in their faith when practicing abstinence for spiritual and moral reasons. Abstinence is often seen as a way to honor one's commitment to their religious beliefs and live a life that aligns with their faith. Here are some religious perspectives on abstinence: - Purity: For many religious individuals, abstinence is a way to maintain purity and avoid the temptations of the flesh. It's believed that abstaining from sexual activity outside of marriage is essential for spiritual growth and maintaining a righteous life. - Self-control: Abstinence is also seen as a way to exercise self-control and discipline. By abstaining from sexual activity, individuals can focus their energy and desires on other aspects of their lives, such as prayer, meditation, and service to others. - Divine Plan: Some religious perspectives view abstinence as a way to follow the divine plan for human sexuality. It's believed that sexual intimacy is meant to be experienced within the context of marriage, and anything outside of that goes against the natural order set by a higher power. These perspectives on abstinence provide religious individuals with a framework for understanding and practicing this lifestyle choice. For them, abstinence isn't just about refraining from sexual activity, but also about deepening their connection with their faith and living a life that's in accordance with their religious beliefs. Social Implications of Abstinence When it comes to abstinence, there can be social implications that individuals may face. One of these implications is the social stigma that can be associated with choosing abstinence. Society often places a great emphasis on sexual activity, and those who choose to abstain may be seen as abnormal or prudish. Additionally, the dynamics of relationships without sex can be different, as physical intimacy is often seen as a way to connect and bond with a partner. Social Stigma of Abstinence Despite the prevalence of sexual liberation, society still places a social stigma on individuals who choose abstinence. This stigma often leads to judgment, misconceptions, and pressure from peers. - Misunderstanding: Those who practice abstinence may be misunderstood as prudish or lacking sexual desire, when in reality, they simply prefer to abstain from sexual activity for personal or religious reasons. - Peer Pressure: Choosing abstinence can be challenging, as individuals may face peer pressure to conform to societal norms. This pressure can create feelings of isolation and alienation, making it difficult for individuals to maintain their choice. - Lack of Support: In a society that celebrates sexual freedom, individuals who choose abstinence may find it difficult to find support or resources that cater to their needs. This lack of support can further perpetuate the social stigma surrounding abstinence. It is important to recognize and respect the choices of individuals who choose abstinence, as their decision is a personal one that shouldn't be judged or stigmatized. Relationship Dynamics Without Sex Maintaining emotional intimacy and fostering open communication are essential for individuals in relationships without sex. It can also present challenges and require compromise. In a relationship where sexual activity is absent, partners must find alternative ways to express their love and affection for each other. This can involve spending quality time together, engaging in deep conversations, and showing appreciation through acts of kindness. However, without the physical aspect of sex, some individuals may feel a sense of dissatisfaction or frustration. It's important for both partners to openly communicate their needs and desires, and to find creative ways to meet those needs within the boundaries of their abstinence. This may involve exploring other forms of physical intimacy, such as cuddling or holding hands, or finding new ways to connect and bond emotionally. Ultimately, relationship dynamics without sex can be successful with effort, understanding, and a commitment to maintaining a strong emotional connection. Psychological Effects of Abstinence The psychological effects of abstinence have been a topic of debate and research for years. One point to consider is the potential for increased emotional stability after practicing abstinence. Additionally, the impact on self-esteem can vary, with some individuals reporting a boost in confidence while others may experience feelings of frustration or inadequacy. Long-term mental well-being is also a relevant point, as abstinence can potentially lead to a healthier mindset and a stronger sense of self. Emotional Stability After Abstinence One can experience improved emotional stability after practicing abstinence. Abstinence can have positive psychological effects on individuals, leading to a greater sense of emotional well-being. Here are three ways in which emotional stability can be enhanced through abstinence: - Reduced guilt and shame: Abstinence allows individuals to avoid engaging in behaviors that they may later regret or feel guilty about. By abstaining from certain activities, individuals can experience a sense of relief, knowing that they've made choices aligned with their values and beliefs. - Increased self-control: The practice of abstinence requires individuals to exercise self-control and discipline. This can lead to a greater sense of self-mastery and emotional stability. By resisting immediate gratification, individuals can develop a stronger sense of willpower and enhance their ability to regulate their emotions. - Improved mental clarity: Abstinence can free individuals from the mental and emotional distractions associated with certain behaviors. By abstaining, individuals can experience a clearer mind and improved mental focus, leading to a greater sense of emotional stability and well-being. Impact on Self-Esteem Abstinence can significantly boost an individual's self-esteem by allowing them to break free from harmful patterns and build a stronger sense of self-worth. When a person chooses to abstain from certain behaviors, such as substance abuse or unhealthy relationships, they're taking control of their actions and making a conscious decision to prioritize their well-being. This act of self-discipline and self-care can have a profound impact on their self-esteem. By abstaining from negative behaviors, individuals are demonstrating their ability to make positive choices and overcome challenges. This can lead to a sense of empowerment and self-confidence, as they realize their own strength and resilience. Additionally, abstinence can provide individuals with a sense of pride and accomplishment, further boosting their self-esteem. Overall, choosing abstinence can be a powerful tool in improving one's self-esteem and overall psychological well-being. Long-Term Mental Well-Being By prioritizing their mental well-being and practicing abstinence, individuals can experience long-term psychological benefits and improved overall mental health. Abstinence can have various positive effects on one's mental well-being, including: - Increased self-control and discipline: Abstinence requires individuals to exercise self-control and discipline, which can lead to a sense of empowerment and mastery over one's impulses. - Enhanced self-esteem: Choosing abstinence can boost self-esteem as individuals feel empowered by their ability to make conscious decisions about their own bodies and sexual activity. - Reduced risk of emotional turmoil: Abstaining from sexual activity can prevent the emotional complications that can arise from casual or uncommitted relationships, such as heartbreak, jealousy, or feelings of rejection. Potential Drawbacks of Abstinence Some individuals may experience a decrease in sexual satisfaction when practicing abstinence. Although abstinence can have its benefits, it is important to acknowledge the potential drawbacks as well. For those who choose to abstain from sexual activity, there are several factors that may contribute to a decrease in sexual satisfaction. \|Potential Drawbacks of Abstinence\| \|1. Sexual Frustration\| \|2. Emotional Disconnect\| \|3. Lack of Intimacy\| \|4. Difficulty in Communication\| \|5. Sexual Curiosity\| The table above highlights some of the potential drawbacks of abstinence. Sexual frustration can arise when one refrains from engaging in sexual activity for a prolonged period. This frustration may lead to feelings of dissatisfaction and even resentment towards the decision to abstain. Additionally, abstaining from sex can sometimes result in emotional disconnect between partners, as the physical intimacy aspect may be lacking. This can affect the overall satisfaction within the relationship. Moreover, the absence of sexual activity may lead to a lack of intimacy, which can be an important aspect of a romantic relationship. It is also worth noting that abstinence can sometimes make it difficult for partners to communicate their sexual desires and needs effectively, potentially leading to misunderstandings and dissatisfaction. Lastly, some individuals may experience an increased sense of sexual curiosity when practicing abstinence, which can be challenging to navigate and may impact overall satisfaction. It is essential to recognize that the potential drawbacks of abstinence can vary from person to person. What may be a drawback for one individual might not be significant for another. It is crucial for individuals to weigh the pros and cons of abstinence carefully and make informed decisions based on their own values and circumstances. Frequently Asked Questions How Does Abstinence Affect Sexual Desire and Arousal Levels? Abstinence can affect sexual desire and arousal levels differently for individuals. Some may experience a decrease in these sensations due to the absence of sexual activity, while others may have increased desire as a result of anticipation and build-up. Can Abstinence Lead to Physical Health Issues, Such as Hormonal Imbalances? Abstinence can potentially lead to physical health issues, such as hormonal imbalances. However, it is important to note that these issues are not inevitable and can be managed through proper education, communication, and healthcare support. What Are Some Alternative Methods for Practicing Safe Sex While Abstaining From Intercourse? Some alternative methods for practicing safe sex while abstaining from intercourse include using barrier methods like condoms or dental dams during sexual activities, engaging in mutual masturbation, and exploring forms of non-penetrative sexual activity. Does Abstinence Have Any Impact on the Overall Satisfaction and Quality of a Relationship? Abstinence, in terms of overall satisfaction and quality of a relationship, can have both positive and negative impacts. It can foster emotional intimacy and trust, but may also lead to frustration and unmet sexual desires. Are There Any Long-Term Consequences or Effects on Mental Health Associated With Practicing Abstinence? There may be long-term consequences or effects on mental health associated with practicing abstinence. It is important to consider the potential impact on overall well-being before making decisions about sexual activity.
King made this declaration while dissecting what he described as America's debilitating Myth of Time "the notion that only time can solve the problem of racial injustice." Dr. King's discussion of "time" during that March 31, 1968 sermon examined a sordid tradition in the United States. This historic tradition involves powers-that-be using specious rationales of either time or place not being "right" to sidestep addressing issues raised regarding the rights of Blacks and/or doing right by Blacks. Today, in downtown Philadelphia, the U.S. Park Service is using a time-&-place-not-being-right rationale to officially sidestep a poignant yet problematic issue involving racism embedded within Independence National Park, the facility featuring the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall. The U.S. Park Service is presently building a new $9-million pavilion for the Liberty Bell near Sixth and Chestnut streets on Independence Mall. The planned entrance for this new pavilion is right on top of the site where George Washington housed some of his slaves when he lived in Philadelphia in the 1790s while serving as the first president of the United States. Washington brought some ‘house slaves' and ‘stable slaves' from his Virginia plantation to his Philadelphia mansion despite slavery being illegal in Pennsylvania at the time. U.S. Park Service officials are rejecting historians' requests to conduct a formal archaeological excavation at the new pavilion site leading to charges that the Park Service is literally conducting a ‘cover-up!' Additionally, Park Service officials are arrogantly contending that the story of Washington's slaves is separate from that of the Liberty Bell and that this slave story is best told in another place NOT at the pavilion built atop the slave quarters. Park Service spokesman Phil Sheridan contends the mission on the mall is "about the Liberty Bell" and not Washington's slaves or his presidential mansion, according to published reports. This "not-the-right-time/right-place" posture of U.S. Park Service officials is fraught with irony beyond the fact the agency charged with preserving and interpreting American history is actively engaging in actions that ignore and annihilate a significant aspect of American history. One irony is that the popularization of the Liberty Bell as a distinctive symbol of freedom came from 19th-century anti-slavery activists and not from patriots of the Revolution. Curiously, while Park Service rangers tell Liberty Bell visitors about anti-slavery activists embracing this icon, Park Service officials resist prominently incorporating the facet of slavery at the site into the story they will tell inside the new Bell pavilion. An account of the Liberty Bell's anti-slavery ancestry is contained in the 2001 book "African-Americans In Pennsylvania: Above Ground And Underground An Illustrated Guide" by respected Philadelphia-based historian Charles L. Blockson. Blockson draws a stinging connection between the force driving the current "can't-wait" construction schedule at the pavilion and the force behind slavery in criticizing the Park Service's posture on burying slave history under the new Bell building. "Slavery was about money and today tourism is about money. The Liberty Bell site is for tourism to attract money," Blockson charged during an interview last week. "This is about money, tourism and land over people," said Blockson, the driving force behind the placement of official state markers commemorating historic contributions of Blacks on the edges of Independence Park, around Philadelphia and across Pennsylvania. "Are they going to tell the truth to tourists? There should be no more lies," Blockson declared. "Maybe that crack in the Bell is for hypocrisy!" Edward Lawler Jr. is the local scholar whose painstaking research provided a written reconstruction of Washington's presidential mansion on Market Street and the quarters for the "stable slaves" at the mansion's rear. "This is a major site and it is amazing that the Park Service is going to do a minimal treatment," Lawler said during an interview last week. "It is my impression that the Park Service does not want to interpret the slave story into the new pavilion, feeling that maybe it should be someplace else. But that is where it belongs," Lawler noted. The short shrift U.S. Park Service officials currently give to the George Washington slave quarters site is comparable to attitudes pervading the U.S. Congress in the late 1790s when that body met in Independence Hall located across Chestnut Street from Washington's slave quarters. Congress, for example, in January 1800 indignantly rejected the first petition sent by African-Americans to that body asking for the abolition of slavery by an 85-1 vote. Those petitioners were 74 Black Philadelphians. Congress, in 1797, rejected a petition asking for protection from four Blacks then living in Philadelphia because white racists drove them from their homes in North Carolina during legally sanctioned rampages to rid that state of freedmen. Congressmen rejected those petitions by citing "not-the-right-time/right-place" rationales, thus refusing to protect the rights of free Blacks. Both petitions, authored by Black Philadelphia leader Absalom Jones, begged Congress to extend "justice" to free Blacks as promised all citizens in the US Constitution. The duplicity of early US leaders refusing to end slavery on the claim that the Constitution required them to "protect property" while failing to protect the property rights of free Blacks parallels contemporary duplicity of extolling democracy while sidestepping liberty robbing historic racism. The mistreatment of those petitions from free Blacks comprises stirring stories paralleling the inherent mistreatment of slaves held in Philadelphia by George Washington and many Congressmen lawmakers then defiantly breaking Pennsylvania's anti-slavery laws U.S. Park Service officials defiantly sidestep these stories, shirking their legal duty to faithfully present the full history of the multiple struggles for liberty at the Bell site.
WHAT IS IT? Cushing’s disease, also known as PPID (pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction) is a progressive disorder that begins with the dysfunction of the pituitary gland. This gland at the base of the brain sends out a number of hormones, and a horse with Cushing’s disease starts to send out more hormones causing a number of symptoms. WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS? The most common symptom is a long, curly hair coat that fails to shed during the change from winter to summer. Other symptoms include: excessive sweating, lethargy, poor athletic performance, infertility, muscle wasting (especially along the top line), abnormal fat distribution (accumulations in the crest of the neck, along the tail head, sheath, and above the eyes), delayed wound healing, increased susceptibility to infections, and increased water consumption with passage of large amounts of urine. Cushing’s tends to occur in middle-aged and older horses, around age twenty. Without treatment, symptoms tend to worsen over time and can be fatal. Symptoms are easily observed in advanced cases. WHAT ARE THE CAUSES? Cushing’s disease, is caused by a hormone-secreting tumor on the pituitary gland at the base of the horse’s brain. The tumor causes an over-production of hormones resulting in the observed symptoms. Diagnosis of early cases or those characterized by few obvious clinical signs can be more difficult. There are two clinical tests available: 1) dexamethasone suppression test, and 2) plasma ACTH measurement test. Consult your veterinarian for the appropriate tests if you suspect your horse has Cushing’s disease. FEEDING & MANAGEMENT: These horses are often insulin resistant and have high blood sugar levels so non-structural carbohydrates (NSC, sugar and starch) need to be minimized. Feeding recommendations are to provide a total diet with less than 15% sugar and starch for most horses with Cushing’s disease. Pasture grasses can have high sugar content, especially during the spring and fall seasons. Since laminitis and founder are more common in horses with Cushing’s disease, pasture grazing should be severely limited or totally avoided. Regular exercise reduces blood glucose levels, so it will help horses with Cushing’s disease.
Academics at Utica College [Back to Ethnic Heritage Studies Center] Central New York’s Jewish community traces its roots to the first significant period of Jewish immigration to the United States between 1847 and 1870. Though small, this early community supported much of the infrastructure necessary to an engaged religious life. By 1897, after a major influx of Jews to Utica from Eastern Europe, the community hired its first ordained rabbi. A vibrant Jewish life, with kosher restaurants and religious schools, followed. Today, the Utica Jewish Community sustains three congregations, Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform. The city’s Jewish Community Center has an active membership and programs many cultural events. These include book groups, political round-tables, a yearly Holocaust memorial lecture, and religious festivals such as a Purim carnival. The Utica College reading series has hosted several Jewish American writers, among them Curt Leviant, Daniel Asa Rose, and Ruth Knafo Setton. The definitive historical work on this central New York community is The Jewish Community of Utica, New York, 1847-1948, by Rabbi S. Joshua Kohn. The work is excerpted and updated in Ethnic Utica, edited by Jim Pula.
Public DisclosureLast Updated: June 18, 2018 What is the 12-month grace period for patent disclosure? Under Section 35 U.S.C. §§ 102(a)(1) & (b) of the US Patent Laws, an inventor who publicly discloses his or her invention obtains certain statutory rights. What is a public disclosure? A disclosure means conveyance of enough information that a person having ordinary skill in the arts is able to replicate your invention. Less information than that is not a disclosure under US laws. A disclosure is generally not considered public if it is disclosed under a confidentiality agreement or not able to be found (i.e., a thesis that is not indexed and not otherwise publicly available). An inventor who makes a public disclosure obtains the following statutory rights: - The public disclosure counts as prior art against other filers and prevents someone from filing a substantially identical patent application; - The public disclosure will not count as prior art against the inventor if the inventor files a patent application within a 12-month period before the effective filing date or priority date; and - Overlapping subject matter disclosed by a third party within the same 12-month period is not prior art if the inventor had already publicly disclosed that subject matter. It is important to note, however, that this grace period is 6 months in some countries and some countries only allow the disclosure period if the disclosure is in an officially recognized international exhibition. In some countries such a disclosure would prevent you from obtaining patent rights. The movement appears to be towards more countries adopting the 12-month grace period. We have compiled a country-by-country list of such laws. You can find it here. What countries offer public disclosure? We’ve put together a handy-dandy guide to help with just that!
Title: Exploring the Vibrant Turkish Fashion Industry: Tradition Meets Modernity The Turkish fashion industry is a dynamic and diverse sector that beautifully blends the country's rich cultural heritage with contemporary designs. With a fusion of traditional craftsmanship, innovative techniques, and a growing number of talented designers, Turkey has established itself as a prominent player in the global fashion landscape. In this blog, we will delve into the captivating world of Turkish fashion, its historical roots, prominent designers, unique aesthetics, and its influence on the international stage. - A Rich Tapestry of Tradition: Turkey's fashion industry is deeply rooted in its cultural traditions and history. The country's historical connections with the Silk Road, Ottoman Empire, and diverse regional influences have shaped its unique fashion landscape. Turkish textiles, such as luxurious silk, delicate lace, and intricate handwoven fabrics like kilims, are celebrated for their exceptional craftsmanship and fine details. - Rising Stars: Talented Turkish Designers: The Turkish fashion scene is brimming with talented designers who have gained recognition on a global scale. From established names to emerging talents, these designers seamlessly blend tradition with modernity, creating garments that captivate fashion enthusiasts worldwide. Names like Hakaan Yıldırım, Bora Aksu, Dice Kayek, and Arzu Kaprol have made waves in the international fashion scene with their innovative designs and meticulous craftsmanship. - Fashion Capitals: Istanbul and Beyond: Istanbul, the vibrant and bustling metropolis, serves as the epicenter of the Turkish fashion industry. The city boasts a plethora of fashion events, including the prestigious Istanbul Fashion Week, which showcases the talent and creativity of Turkish designers. Moreover, other Turkish cities like Ankara, Izmir, and Bursa also contribute significantly to the country's fashion landscape. - Traditional Garments: From Past to Present: Traditional Turkish garments continue to inspire contemporary fashion designs. The timeless elegance of the Ottoman Empire's clothing, such as the kaftan and the sultan's turban, have found their way into modern fashion collections. The traditional Anatolian clothing, like the gömlek (tunic) and yelek (vest), also serve as sources of inspiration for designers looking to incorporate authentic Turkish elements into their creations. - Modest Fashion and Islamic Influence: Turkey's fashion industry has witnessed the rise of modest fashion, which caters to individuals seeking stylish yet conservative clothing choices. Islamic fashion influences can be seen in the elegant and modest designs that appeal to both local and international markets. Turkish modest fashion designers are creating stunning collections that combine modesty with contemporary aesthetics, making them accessible to a broader audience. - Sustainability and Ethical Practices: As sustainability gains momentum in the global fashion industry, Turkish designers are embracing eco-friendly practices and ethical production methods. From organic materials to fair trade initiatives, many fashion brands are committed to reducing their environmental footprint and supporting local artisans and craftsmen. The Turkish fashion industry is a captivating blend of tradition and innovation, combining the country's rich cultural heritage with modern design aesthetics. With its talented designers, stunning textiles, and a growing focus on sustainability, Turkey continues to make a mark in the global fashion arena. From Istanbul to Ankara and beyond, the Turkish fashion industry is poised to inspire and influence the world of fashion for years to come.
When you first hear that 11 percent of Americans think that HTML is an STD, it sounds like Americans are hilariously dumb. HTML is a markup language for Web pages that's been around since 1993. But if you think about it, 10 percent of people is not a lot. More than 50 percent of people in this 2012 study thought that cloud computing was negatively affected by bad weather. Perhaps more importantly, you should be wondering where the study is from and how it was conducted. Over the last few days, journalists and bloggers have been writing about the HTML/STD study. Its big hit came in the Los Angeles Times on Tuesday. But until iMediaEthics and other watchdogs began poking around, no one had actually seen the study itself, and even the press release was hard to find because it hadn't been publicly posted anywhere. It came from the public relations firm 10 Yetis, which represents Vouchercloud, a British coupon service. Now the press release and the study itself have surfaced, but the chain of events is troubling. First of all, whether it's a good thing or a bad thing, many Americans have little or no understanding of how programming works, much less what gives browsers directions about how to display Web pages. Furthermore, 10 percent of Americans probably believe pretty much anything. For example, 18 percent thought Barack Obama was Muslim in August 2010. The popularit of the story speaks to debates about lack of fact-checking in online journalism, as everyone rushes to publish. But it also touches on an equally worrisome point: Do journalists and readers know how numbers work? The survey polled 2,392 Americans 18 and older over the course of seven days and asked: "Please check the correct definitions of the items listed below:" The three options for "HTML" were "The main road structure in England," "Sexually-transmitted disease," and "Programming language used to make websites." Seventy-nine percent of respondents got it right. Ten percent thought it was the English roads thing. That seems weirder than the STD answer, especially if you're guessing: After all, there are a lot of STDs that start with the letter "H." But going back to interpreting numbers, there are other problems with this story. Leanne Thomas, a senior account executive for 10 Yetis, has given a statement to the Los Angeles Times, saying that the survey is "100% genuine" and "valid." But it's still unclear what the methods were for selecting the participants, and whether they are a representative sample of the U.S. population. A majority of Americans should feel free to proceed with knowing what HTML is and having safe sex, but maybe everyone needs to bone up on basic statistics. And apparently fractions.
- Power to the People - Finding Aliens and Wiping Out Cancer No matter which side of the music-sharing fence you're leaning against, you can't argue with Napster's popularity. The application's enduring legacy, however, may involve more than just music. Under the hood, Napster (www.napster.com) uses peer-to-peer (P2P) technology, which deviates significantly from the client-server design that has governed the Internet from the medium's first days. P2P is not new, but Napster's popularity has fueled a great deal of interest in the technology. What's the Difference? Your PC, when connected to the Internet, is referred to as a client. The same term also describes most programs you use to do things on the Web: your browser, e-mail software, newsreader, and so forth are all clients. The salient feature of a client is that it doesn't operate independently; to be functional, it must connect to a servera central source of data or instructions. Every time you use client software to interact with the Net, you're sending a request to the corresponding server software and waiting for the server to respond. P2P doesn't work that way. Instead, two (or more) computers are linked for the purpose of sharing data, each taking an equal role in the data-transfer process without the intervention of a central data or instruction source. Your home network is probably a peer-to-peer system; no server is needed to share information among machines. Not all P2P systems call the individual computers peers. The Gnutella file-sharing service, for example, refers to each host as a servent. This term itself is telling. An amalgam of server and client, the servent designation implies that P2P doesn't so much do away with the server as incorporate the server functions into the client. The idea of a remote server that mediates the flow of data disappears. Instead, each user's computer handles the serving, although those functions are more or less hidden from the user. When you install a program such as Napster, you're simultaneously turning your machine into a server that other users can access over the Internet, and enabling your machine to access other computers running Napster that are connected to the Net. To function, Napster does require a central system (run by Napster, the site), but that system's functions are to determine current user IP addresses and offer an index of files available, not to intervene in the actual PC-to-PC communication. As noted earlier, sending data over the Internet from one computer directly to another isn't new by any means. Windows users have long had access to freeware or shareware software that enabled them to set up their own machines for access by others. To exchange files directly with a friend, for example, both of you could run FTP (File Transfer Protocol) server software, set up a username and password for the other person, and give that information along with your current IP addresses to each other. (To find your IP address on a Windows 9x system, you'd select Start \| Run, then enter winipcfg.exe and click OK; under Windows NT or 2000, you'd enter ipconfig.exe.) Each of you could then log on to the other's system and get files. As you probably suspect, however, this approach is clumsy, inefficient, and almost totally useless if you want to share files with more than a few people. P2P, on the other hand, lets computers connected to the Internet communicate with each other directly. Napster lets you search for music files on the computers of Napster users everywhere on the Net and, at the same time, makes the music files on your computer available to the rest of the Napster community. Some P2P applications let you share not only files but other resources as well. What's wrong with centralized servers? First, they cost a lot of money. Servers require reliability and durability beyond what most workstations need and, as a result, must incorporate relatively expensive technologies such as SCSI, disk mirroring, and sophisticated operating systems. Moving applications off servers and into a P2P environment can make a lot of sense financially. Servers are not needed for all applications. They're essential for hosting a popular Web site, certainly, because they can dedicate hard disk space, network bandwidth, and administrative resources to this multifunction and resource-hungry task. But simpler tasks such as limited file sharing don't require servers. Finding One Another Avoiding the use of central servers means that P2P applications have to establish different ways of working with IP addresses. Every computer on the Internet must have a numeric IP address; in fact, having an IP number is one of the definitions of being on the Internet. For ease of use, this IP number is typically referenced through its corresponding domain name (pcmag.com, for example), and keeping track of the correlation between IP numbers and domain names is the responsibility of DNS (Domain Name System) servers. P2P avoids dealing with DNS servers either by having PCs address one another using IP numbers only or by using a proprietary means of obtaining current IP numbers. This avoidance is necessary for two reasons. First, DNS servers rely on fixed IP addressesIP numbers that are assigned to individual computers and never change. Such is not the case with the majority of surfers who access the Net via a dial-up line. At the moment of connection, these machines are assigned an IP number from a block of available numbers the ISP may use (this is called a dynamic IP address). Second, all computers on the Internet have IP addresses, but not all have domain names, and in those cases DNS servers are of no use. Because of their ability to work outside the DNS system and outside the system of centralized servers, P2P applications are said to operate at the "edges" of the Internet. They use the essence of the Internetnetwork connectivity, the TCP/IP protocol, and the requisite IP addressing systembut skirt the rest. What Can You Do With P2P? By far the most widespread application of P2P has been file sharing, with Napster as the leader, of course. The RIAA (Record Industry Association of America) suit last year seemed, for a time, destined to deep-six the enterprise, leaving only the memory of a brief period of Internet anarchy. But the company survived and has formed an alliance with media firm Bertelsmann AG to develop a pay service (latest reports suggest a fee of about $5 per month) that would give subscribers unlimited access to music released by Bertelsmann Music Group. Since forming this alliance, Napster has seen lawsuits dropped by Germany's edel music and U.S. independent label TVT Records. As of this writing, both companies are cooperating with Napster on setting up the fee-based service, although the upstart's future is still uncertain. Despite Napster's success, Gnutella (http://gnutella.wego.com)a search protocol, in essenceis a more interesting P2P project. Designed to be completely free of central authority, Gnutella can be incorporated into any file-sharing application. There is no official client and the name doesn't refer to a company or even a program, creating a very elusive lawsuit target. Gnutella was touted as the technology that could supplant Napster's dominance in music file exchanges, but the real advantage is the ability to find and download any type of file. The Gnutella protocol does not actually handle file transfers, employing HTTP for this function instead. Each servent becomes an HTTP client and server together, allowing two-way transfers. Gnutella-based servents are growing in number and ease of use. A look at one download site, www.gnutelliums.com, showed servents available for Windows, Linux, Java, and the Mac. Three of the most popular Windows variants are BearShare (www.bearshare.com), LimeWire (www.limewire.com), and ToadNode (www.toadnode.com). Another servent, Newtella (www.newtella.com), focuses in a Napster-like way on music files. Recent improvements in the protocol have contributed to new enthusiasm, servent upgrades, and even interest from the recording industry and other commercial sectors. The record industry's attention to Napster and Gnutella clearly indicates a realization that file-swapping isn't about to disappear, and that there are ways to profit. A similar fee-based file-sharing service appears to be in the works at CenterSpan Communications (www.centerspan.com), which acquired the assets of the P2P file-sharing service known as Scour (www.scour.com). Scour enthusiasts primarily swapped movie files, and the motion picture industry wasn't amused. Lawsuits resulted in Scour shutting down the service, but CenterSpan plans to relaunch the service as a legal distributor of movie and music files. IBM has entered the fray as well, proposing a technology that would allow participants to share files but would limit the number of times those files could be played or shown. In fact, several big computing firms are getting involved in P2P, including Intel, Microsoft, and Hewlett-Packard. Other file-sharing systems are making their mark. For example, Aimster (www.aimster.com) works in conjunction with AOL's instant messaging service to allow participants to send files to one another. Freenet (http://freenetproject.org) provides a means for individual users to share any type of file. MojoNation (www.mojonation.net) offers file sharing and tries to solve the load-balancing problem of more users taking than contributing files. Commerce is one use predicted for P2P. There's no real reason for not routing transactions between individuals directly rather than via intermediaries. Collaboration is another possible application for P2P. A good example is Groove Networks' (www.groove.net) Groove collaboration application. Arguably, the sharing of data among Internet users shouldn't require servers at all. P2P prophets predict that direct user-to-user e-mail will join direct file transfer and another significant P2P method, instant messaging (such as ICQ). To get an idea of the huge variety of projects that can be placed under the P2P umbrella, see the O'Reilly P2P Directory at www.oreillynet.com/pub/q/p2p_category. You'll find projects ranging from file sharing to collaboration, messaging, resource distribution, and more. P2P communication is fraught with the potential for security disastersfar more so than systems employing central servers. Because P2P applications allow one user to access another's computer directly, sharing files and other resources is convenient, but hacking is convenient as well. For this reason alone, expect large organizations to forbid the use of popular P2P programs, and expect hordes of users to stay away until application providers can give assurances about security. If you're wary of shopping on the Web, you should be doubly wary of allowing strangers to access your hard disk. Such concerns, though, haven't stopped many thousands of users from opening their machines to Napster access, and P2P security warnings haven't followed the Napster hype. We're not picking on Napster here; security concerns are endemic to any kind of P2P access. Companies including Intel are beginning to address these concerns. Person to Person Whether P2P will live up to the hype is still anyone's guess. A number of technologies (push, for example) have shone briefly, only to fizzle. Still, a lot of work on new P2P applications is underway. And the technology has something else going for it: the interest and support of thousands of individuals who like the idea of communicating directly with other users. P2P may put the personal back in personal computers. Neil Randall is a contributing editor of PC Magazine.
The first six weeks of school are important for the success of the rest of the school year. The routines and guidelines you establish in the first six weeks of school will set your classroom and students up for a year of productive math learning. Learn 5 teaching strategies to help students build their math confidence and decrease anxiety. Practice doing these 5 things in the first six weeks of school. If these teaching strategies become a habit, you will establish a successful math classroom!
Massive earthquakes have left clear ground scars in the central Himalayas, raising concerns that more could be on the way - in a region that has a population density similar to that of New York City. A study from Nanyang Technological University (NTU) has revealed for the first time that in 1255 and 1934, two great earthquakes ruptured the surface of the earth in the Himalayas. Quakes in 1897, 1905, 1934 and 1950 all had magnitudes between 7.8 and 8.9, each causing tremendous damage. But they were previously thought to have been so-scalled blind quakes, which don't break the earth’s surface. However, NTU Professor Paul Tapponnier says that new high resolution imagery and state of the art dating techniques show that the 1934 earthquake did indeed rupture the surface, breaking the ground over a length of more than 150 kilometers, south of the part of the range that harbours Mount Everest. The break formed along the main fault in Nepal that currently marks the boundary between the Indian and Asian tectonic plates - also known as the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) fault. "The significance of this finding is that earthquakes of magnitude 8 to 8.5 may return at most twice per millennium on this stretch of the fault, which allows for a better assessment of the risk they pose to the surrounding communities," says Tapponnier. Locals can't take comfort from the the long interval between the two recently discovered earthquake ruptures. “This does not imply that the next mega-earthquake in the Himalayas will occur many centuries from now because we still do not know enough about adjacent segments of the MFT Mega-thrust," says Tapponier. "But it does suggest that areas west or east of the 1934 Nepal ground rupture are now at greater risk of a major earthquake, since there are little or no records of when last earth shattering temblor happened in those two areas."
When you go out for a drive, one of the things you might like to do is to grab a bite to eat. Whether you’re cruising with friends or are out on your own, this keeps you fueled up for the drive. Unfortunately, eating behind the wheel is a danger to yourself and others. When you eat behind the wheel, you’re taking your eyes off the road. You’re taking your mind off what’s happening around you and placing it on what you’re eating. You’re even taking your hands off the wheel as you eat. All of these actions mean that you could be putting yourself and others in danger. If you aren’t paying close enough attention, you could end up in a crash because of being unable to maneuver, not seeing a hazard ahead of you or not thinking about your movements on the road. Think about a couple situations when you may be driving and eating and how they could affect you. For example, say you were driving and hit a bump while holding hot coffee. If it spills, you may be significantly distracted as you try to get the hot liquid off of yourself. That could quickly lead to an accident as you’re not paying attention to the road or your actions. Here’s another example. If you’re sharing food with someone in the vehicle and they are trying to hand you a burger, they could hand it to you thinking that you have a good grip on it. If you drop it, you might look down and away from the road. You might move around trying to find a napkin. All of these actions put you at risk of a collision. It’s safer to avoid eating while behind the wheel. Those who are hit by people who are distracted can file claims to hold them responsible.
There is a marked and most unfortunate dichotomy in the studies of avian eggs and hence in the application of new findings in commerce. Thus over the past twenty years there has been a renewed interest in the contribu tions of various parts of an egg to embryo development. This is best illustrated by those studies that have explored the diffusion of respiratory gases across the shell and at long last have provided a fundamental definition of a previously nebulous term, porosity. The activity in this general area has led in the past four years to the publication of three major books dealing with many aspects of egg structure, function and embryogenesis. When brows ing over these books, two developments are evident. First, the advantages that are to be gained by comparative studies. Thus it is now common to see within a single book articles concerned with the eggs of a range of avian species as well as those of reptiles. Second, it is evident that zoologists and physiologists as well as those employed in large breeding firms are all contributing to an improvement of our knowledge of the egg's role in the breeding biology of birds. Comparative studies are a very uncommon feature of studies concerned with bacterial infection of eggs. X, 181 p.
Today we present to you the ANTENNA France Association which is developing a sustainable and educational approach to combat child malnutrition in deprived areas. Spirulina plays a central role (we talk about it all the more freely as Argalys does not sell it). What is Spirulina? Spirulina is an algae that can be cultivated in fresh water basins, preferably in warm climates, with reasonable financial investments. Its nutritional properties are very interesting , even if sometimes overestimated by optimistic traders. Spirulina is distinguished above all by a very high content of Iron ** which is very well absorbable by the body, which is a unique quality in the plant kingdom (non-heme iron is normally very poorly absorbed). In equivalent quantities, Spirulina provides approximately 6 times more iron absorbed by the body than beef. It is this high iron content which makes it a valuable ally in combating iron deficiency anemia* and explains why its daily consumption cannot exceed 3 grams. *(The concentration (depending on the places of production and the seasons) varies around 70-100 mg/100g) (anemia due to lack of iron). Spirulina also has a high protein content with an almost complete profile of essential amino acids, although this must be put into perspective with the doses ingested which never represent more than 5% of the daily protein requirements. It is rich in vitamins, particularly in provitamin A or beta-carotene (3 grams of Spirulina provides as much as 4 carrots), minerals, trace elements and Omega 6 fatty acids. It also contains phycocyanin, a pigment which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. “Very relevant in a global program against malnutrition” For all these benefits, combined with its ease of being produced on a small scale, Spirulina is a very relevant nutrient in a global program against malnutrition and anemia due to lack of iron which very often accompanies it. Controlled studies carried out recently in Burkina Faso and Congo clearly demonstrate its effectiveness on the nutritional status of children suffering from acute, moderate or chronic malnutrition. The mission of Antenna France Let's give the floor to Julien Bello, general delegate of Antenna France. What does Antenna France do? An International Solidarity Association, Antenna France has been engaged for more than 15 years in the fight against malnutrition using spirulina . For this, Antenna France deploys an innovative model of social entrepreneurship ( “Social Business”), creating jobs and local development : it aims to set up managed spirulina production and distribution structures in Africa and Asia. by local , sustainable, autonomous and financially viable partners . These partner farms undertake to redistribute 1/3 of the spirulina produced to associations or nutrition centers which work locally for malnourished children. Several farms are currently supported in Mali, Niger and Madagascar, while others are already autonomous (Togo, Cambodia, Laos, etc.). How is Spirulina administered to children? The recommended duration for a “nutritional” spirulina treatment for children suffering from chronic malnutrition is 4 to 6 weeks with an average dose of 2-3g/day (1 teaspoon) which complements their diet. This duration of treatment allows: - To significantly increase iron reserves and therefore increase hemoglobin. - To correct a large part of the vitamin and mineral deficiencies , depending on the degree of malnutrition of the children. - To initiate weight regain (particularly an increase in lean body mass) and to help the child regain dynamism. Why choose local production? The in situ cultivation of spirulina makes it more accessible to local populations and appeals more than an export product, which facilitates its acceptance and consumption. Countries are appropriating its culture so that it is gradually integrated into eating habits. In this way, it is not only an essential nutritional supplement for the fight against malnutrition, but it also represents a real local development tool which perpetuates our action. Antenna France is currently monitoring around ten projects in Africa (Mali, Niger, Togo, CAR) and Madagascar. And we want to consolidate and amplify our action! “More than 100,000 children who have benefited from spirulina supplementation” Thanks to the actions of Antenna France, since 2005, more than 100,000 children have benefited from spirulina supplementation. Multiple testimonies from mothers and caregivers show us its impact on the nutritional status and development of these children. Are you interested in our action? Visit our site: www.antenna-france.org or contact us at email@example.com You can also follow news from our programs in the field online on social media: To follow Antenna France on Twitter is here! To join Linkedin, click here! You can also find them on Facebook or Instagram Thank you Julien for this presentation, we hope that it will generate new memberships in your association, we will remain in close contact to consider joint actions. The Argalys team
Frontal view of a normal human brain. Psychosurgery can also be referred to as neurosurgery. Eskandar MD, Cosgrove, and Rauch of the Departments of Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, describe psychiatric neurosurgery as "the surgical ablation or disconnection of brain tissue with the intent of altering abnormal affective and behavioral states caused by mental illness." The neurosurgeon group further states that the "surgical target may be cerebral cortex, nuclei, or pathways that display either normal or abnormal physiologic activity." Psychosurgery History and Early Prefrontal Lobotomy Burkhardt reported the first use of psychosurgery modern times in 1891 (Cosgrove, Rauch, 2005). The most well-known example of dramatic psychosurgery is that of a prefrontal lobotomy. Mashoura, Walker, and Martuza in an article entitled “Psychosurgery: Past, Present, and Future” as published in Stanford Medical , stated that psychosurgery has a "complex and controversial history," and that "its abuse was due in part to the early 20th century schism of psychoanalysis and biological psychiatry." The widespread disuse of the lobotomy in the 1950s gave way to the widespread use of psychopharmacology, along with its own issues and controversies. The surgical lobotomy gave way to a "chemical lobotomy" in psychiatric hospitals, with the advent of strong typical antipsychotic drugs that left patients largely immobilized. Thorazine (chlorpromazine hydrochloride) was the first to be developed, but was among typical antipsychotic drugs such as Haldol (Haloperidol), Prolixin (fluphenazine), and others. Typical antipsychotics are also referred to as dopamine antagonists, neuroleptics, classic antipsychotics, and first generation antipsychotics. They were and are used for similar reasons as lobotomies, to produce psychomotor slowing, emotional quieting, and affective indifference. They are still in use, although atypical antipsychotics developed around 1994 that have fewer and less intense side effects are used more frequently today. First developed in Portugal, the prefrontal lobotomy, particularly for violent patients in mental hospitals, was administered upon tens of thousands of patients between 1935 and 1955, including widespread use in U.S. mental institutions. NPR reports that 50,000 lobotomies were performed in the United States during this time period. The two types of lobotomies were prefrontal and transorbital. With a prefrontal lobotomy, the surgeon drills holes through the patient’s skull to access the frontal lobes. An "improved" version of the lobotomy was the transorbital lobotomy developed by Dr. Walter Freeman. In this surgery, the surgeon goes through the eye sockets (without permanently damaging the eyes), with completion in less than 10 minutes. In the movie One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest , Jack Nicholson received a transorbital lobotomy. As is often the case with newly developed therapeutic techniques, initial reports of results tended to be enthusiastic, downplaying complications (including a one-in-four death rate) and undesirable side effects. At times, the desired effect of calming the patient was achieved, but there were also times the patient became a "vegetable." Side Effects of Psychosurgery, Lobotomy, and Modern Law Some of the disturbing side effects of prefrontal lobotomy are the permanent inability to inhibit impulses, and an unnatural "tranquility" with undesirable shallowness or absence of feeling. In 1951, the Soviet Union banned all such operations. Elliot Valnestein, in the book Great and Desperate Cures explained how psychosurgery in the form of the lobotomy came to be accepted. Valenstein concluded that psychiatrists needed to gain acceptance for the practice of psychiatry as a medical science, and that the use of the surgery fitted well into that need during the 1930s and 1940s. Also, the lobotomy proved to be a cost-effective treatment, and was an effective way to maintain control over mental patients who were often violent and difficult to deal with. While the lobotomy fell out of use with the advent of psychotropic drugs, psychosurgery has been gaining support in modified and less-invasive forms (than the lobotomy) in the treatment of some difficult-to-manage disorders, as discussed in the remainder of this article. Ice picks such as these were often used in performing lobotomies. Why and When Psychosurgery Was and Is Utilized Psychosurgery in general is not commonly used, but suggested or resorted to in enough cases that it should not be considered rare. It is suggested or used as a last resort for the intractable psychotic, severe and chronic cases of ), at times for depression and chronic anxiety, and occasionally in treating severe pain in the case of terminal illness. Alan A. Stone, MD, in Psychiatric Times states about psychosurgery, "Despite its wretched history, psychosurgery is back with a new name—neurosurgery for mental disorders." Neurosurgeons Cosgrove and Rauch (Harvard Medical and Massachusetts General Hospital), proponents of psychosurgery, acknowledge, "Surgical intervention remains an important therapeutic option for disabling psychiatric disease," which they feel is "probably underutilized." But they also agree concerning psychosurgery that "Despite these modern treatment methods, many patients fail to respond adequately and remain severely disabled" after psychosurgery. (Cosgrove, Rauch, 2005). Modern Use of Psychosurgery and Types of Disorders for Which Psychosurgery is Utilized Various forms of psychosurgery are performed today in neurosurgical centers in general hospitals in the United States and elsewhere. Some of the conditions for which various types of neurosurgery is performed are: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Additionally, psychosurgery has been performed though not as commonly for: Modern Psychosurgery Techniques Today, the rate of permanent damage to the brain has been substantially improved in comparison to the historical use of psychosurgery procedures, and there are fewer severely detrimental side effects. However, serious aftereffects can still be experienced by a significant percentage of those who undertake psychosurgery today, and extreme caution is in order with any of these procedures. Modern psychosurgery techniques include: Stereotactic limbic leukotomyin in the form of: Subcaudate tractotomy and Two other forms of psychosurgery are: Deep Brain Stimulation Subcaudate tractotomy was first developed in 1965, and involves interrupting the nerve fibers that connect the orbitofrontal cortex to the thalamus. It has frequently been used for non-treatable depression and OCD. Radioactive seeds are planted in the frontal lobes, or radio waves are used to destroy brain tissue. Approximately 1,300 subcaudate tractotomies were performed in one institution in Britain Brook Hospital during the 1980s, with its widespread use ending in 1994, although the procedure is still performed today. Subcaudate tractotomy is performed more commonly in Britain than in the U.S. (where the anterior cingulotomy is preferred). This is a procedure wherein a small bundle of nerve fibers that connect the frontal lobes with the limbic system is severed with a precise operation. Cosgrove and Rauch (Harvard) note concerning cingulotomy that "although the patient may experience an immediate reduction in , there is generally a delay on the onset of a beneficial effect on . This latency may be as long as six to twelve weeks and must be clearly explained to the patient and referring If there has been no response to the initial cingulotomy after three to six months, then reoperation and enlargement of the cingulotomy lesion is considered. "There have been over 800 cingulotomies performed at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) since 1962 (2005). Cingulotomy is the treatment of choice in this country, whereas in Europe, capsulotomy and limbic leucotomy are more prevalent. They all appear roughly equivalent therapeutically, but in terms of unwanted side effects, cingulotomy appears to be the safest of all procedures currently performed (Cosgrove, Rauch, 2005). Statistical Effectiveness of Cingulotomy Ballantine, et al, retrospectively reported the results of bilateral cingulotomy in 198 patients suffering from a variety of psychiatric disorders in 1987. With a mean follow-up of 8.6 years, 62% of patients with severe affective disorder were found to have had worthwhile improvement. Similarly, in patients with , approximately 56% were found to have undergone worthwhile improvement. In 14 patients suffering from non-obsessive , 50% were found to be functionally well, and 29% were found to have shown marked improvement. A recent retrospective study evaluating cingulotomy in 33 patients with refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder demonstrated that using very strict criteria for a successful outcome, at least 25 to 30% of patients benefited substantially from the procedure [Jenike and Baer, 1991] (Cosgrove, Rauch, 2005). Capsulotomy - Psychosurgery Involving the Drilling of Small Holes in Skull Originally developed in Sweden, capsulotomy is a surgery that involves drilling very small holes in the skull, and inserting tiny electrodes in the brain. The electrodes are heated up, which destroys the adjacent cellular structures. When there is little response from the first surgery, a repeat, deeper surgery is performed. The rate of resurgery is reportedly 20% (Cosgrove, Rauch, 2005). Neurosurgery without the need to drill has been developed using a gamma knife or proton beam. Anterior Capsulotomy - Facts and Statistics In the first 116 patients operated on by Leksell, 50% of patients with obsessive neurosis and 48% of depressed patients had a "satisfactory" response. Only 20% of patients with anxiety neurosis and 14% of patients with schizophrenia showed any improvement. In this classification system, only patients who were free of symptoms or markedly improved were judged as having a satisfactory response. Of the patients who were rated as worse after capsulotomy, nine were schizophrenic , four were depressive , and three obsessive Percentages of Success and Failure with Capsulotomy Psychosurgery Obsessive Neurosis - 48% Anxiety Neurosis - 20% Schizophrenia - 14% Rated Worse After Capsulotomy Psychosurgery Satisfactory response to capsulotomy: Deep Brain Stimulation -------Highly Experimental Neurosurgery for Chronic Depression Deep brain stimulation is a highly experimental neurosurgical treatment for chronic depression in which the brain is stimulated with electrical impulses. Although the technique has been approved for several other conditions as well, deep brain stimulation has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for depression treatment , and is in the early stages of research. Since it requires brain surgery, deep brain stimulation is the most invasive form of brain stimulation treatment for depression. Deep brain stimulation works much like a pacemaker for your brain. Deep Brain Stimulation Risks Any surgical procedure carries risks, including all types of brain surgery. Deep brain stimulation involves brain surgery, and is an especially risky procedure posing risks within the brain from the surgery, as well as on general health. The brain stimulation itself may cause severe side effects. Possible surgical complications may include: Bleeding in the brain Possible side effects of deep brain surgery after surgery include: Bleeding in the brain Unwanted mood changes such as mania and depression Temporary tingling in the face or limbs Those who have undergone deep brain stimulation to treat Parkinson's disease have reported a variety of problems, including: Increased suicidal thoughts and behavior The long-term risks and side effects of deep brain stimulation for are not fully known. (Deep Brain Stimulation. MayoClinic.com). http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/deep-brain-stimulation/MY00184) Effectiveness of Psychosurgery on OCD Patients There have not been enough studies on psychosurgery to make firm conclusions. In one small study of 35 patients with OCD who underwent capsulotomy and were followed by independent psychiatrists , 16 were rated as free of symptoms, and nine were much improved for an overall satisfactory result of 70% (Cosgrove, Rauch, 2005). Side effects, however, were not considered in this report. In another study of about 253 severe OCD patients, about one-half experienced a 35% reduction in intensity of symptoms after surgery (Mindus, et al. 1993, 1994). Another summary of studies was not as optimistic, with only 30% experiencing a 35% reduction in the intensity of OCD symptoms (Mashoura, Walker, Martuza, 2005). Unlike the more primitive lobotomy, deaths or increased risk of suicide does not seem to commonly result from current psychosurgery techniques. : While psychosurgery has been performed for intractable bipolar disorder, it has not been effective on treating mania, notes Cho, Lee, and Chen in the published study, "Limbic leukotomy for intractable major affective disorders: a 7-year follow-up study using nine comprehensive psychiatric test evaluations." Conclusion on Psychosurgery and Today's Ethical Considerations Despite the fact that modern psychosurgery is a far cry from past days of widespread abuse of the practice in psychiatric hospitals, the use of psychosurgery for mental disorders is still far from mainstream or without controversy. Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in Boston has led the way in the U.S., with a pilot program and the leading center for psychosurgery in the country. Author Andrew Solomon states that MGH only performs 15 to 20 procedures per year (2011), with a vigorous pre-screening process before surgery that lasts a full year. Serious questions remain, though, about the program, methodologies, and ethics. While MGH has been touted as a model program, some experts question that label. In Psychiatric Times , Alan A. Stone, M.D. writes, "in my opinion, even if one accepts the practices in place at MGH, this should not be considered a model program for centers around the world." In one case of patterning after the model of MGH, widespread serious abuse of neurosurgery has been documented in China, and important ethical considerations are still unresolved. 1. As of 2008 there has been no system of institutional review from those outside of the MGH program. The only opinions were from members of the hospital's own staff. 2. Another serious issue, and one that comes up frequently in psychiatric treatment is that of informed consent. Can a person with intractable OCD be in a position to provide his or her own informed consent? Should the family decide for him/her? 3. While doctors who refer patients to the MGH neurosurgery program testify that their patients have not responded to medication treatment or to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), it can be very difficult to determine if patients have actually adhered to their treatment. 4. MGH offers neurosurgery to patients as young as 18 years of age. The brain does not stop developing, however, until the mid-20s. Is it appropriate to promote such a drastic, last-resort method on brains that are still in physical and emotional flux? As to the efficacy of psychosurgery, perhaps the most carefully studied patients are those who have been treated for intractable OCD with stereotactic cingulotomy. While there have been some studies indicated significant improvements in from 28% to 50% of cases, "the nature of these studies [supporting the practice of psychosurgery] and the ongoing treatment [medications and CBT post surgery] ... limit interpretation of these results." points to the overriding ethical question: Do we know enough neuroscience to know that we are not doing more harm than good in the long run? It and recommends "utmost scientific caution." 1. Carson, Robert. C., Butcher, James, N., Mineka, Susan, (2000). Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life. 11th Edition. Boston: Allyn & Bacon 2. Cho, D., Lee W. Y., Chen C. C. (2008, February). Limbic leukotomy for intractable major affective disorders: a 7-year follow-up study using nine comprehensive psychiatric test evaluations. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience . Feb;15(2):138-42. Epub 2007 Dec 18. 3. Cosgrove, G. R., MD., FRCS(C), Rauch, S.L., MD, (May 31, 2005). Psychosurgery. Departments of Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 4. Deep Brain Stimulation. (July 31, 2008). Mayo Clinic 5. Eskandar, E. N., Cosgrove, G. R., Rauch, S. L. (2001). Psychiatric Neurosurgery. Departments of Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital . Boston, Massachusetts. http://neurosurgery.mgh.harvard.edu/functional/Psychosurgery2001.htm 6. Frequently Asked Questions About Lobotomies. (2005, November 16). National Public Radio (NPR) 7. Kartsounis, L.D. Poynton, A., Bridges. P.K., Bartlett. J.R. (1991). Brain. 1991 Dec; 114 (Pt 6):2657-73. 8. Mashoura, G. A., Walker, E. E., Martuza, R. L. (2005). Psychosurgery: past, present, and future. Brain Research Reviews . Retrieved April 19, 2015 from Stanford Medicine. http://med.stanford.edu/dura/Articles/Psychosurgery.pdf 9. MGH Psychiatric Neurosurgery Committee , (May 11, 2005). Massachusetts General Hospital. 10. Neurosurgery Service , Functional and Stereotactic Surgery Center. Massachusetts General Hospital 11. Solomon, A. (2001). The Noonday Demon . New York: Simon & Schuster. 12. Stone, A. A. (2008, June 1). Psychosurgery—Old and New. Psychiatric Times 13. Subcaudate Tractotomy. OCD-UK . Retrieved April 19, 2015. http://www.ocduk.org/subcaudate-tractotomy
Sarah-Jeanne Royer and her team of scientists from the University of Hawaii in Manoa studied the biological sources of methane in the ocean. But the source they found was not biological, but synthetic. It turned out that plastic is dangerous not only for marine life and the state of the ocean, but for the whole planet. When interacting with the sun, it releases greenhouse gases, such as methane, and other harmful gases such as ethylene. Methane has 25 times more greenhouse effect than carbon dioxide, per 100 years. As for ethylene, it is released during the production of fossil fuels and mixed with the hydroxide in the atmosphere to form carbon monoxide. The authors of the study note that the amount of methane emitted by the plastic is probably only a fraction of the total volume, but other rare non-greenhouse gases that it emits can have a greater impact. The Earth is already dealing with a serious warming from greenhouse gas emissions. Now a new source of these gases has been discovered, which no one measured. “There is not a single scientific work about greenhouse gas emissions from plastic, although this is quite expected, since plastic is synthesized from natural gases and fossil fuels,” said Royer. The team placed plastic of various density, sizes and shapes in containers filled with water and air. One plastic was placed in sea water from the Pacific Ocean, the other – into the water of the highest degree of purification. Samples included polycarbonate, acrylic, polypropylene, polystyrene and high-density polyethylene. The plastic with the largest greenhouse trace was low-density polyethylene, which is used most often. After 212 days under the sun, plastic extracted 176 times more methane than at the beginning of the experiment in purified water. Scientists also moved some samples of plastic to darkness after being exposed to sunlight, and found that the process continued in the dark. The plastic, which was never in the light, emitted very little methane and ethylene, and plastic exposed to air threw out twice as much methane and 76 times more ethylene than plastic in water. According to Royer, the results showed that plastic waste and climate change – the two biggest problems in the world – are tied more strongly than anticipated.
Daisy Gatson Bates, née Daisy Lee Gatson (born 1914?, Huttig, Ark., U.S.—died Nov. 4, 1999, Little Rock, Ark.) American journalist and civil rights activist who withstood economic, legal, and physical intimidation to champion racial equality, most notably in the integration of public schools in Little Rock, Arkansas. Daisy Gatson was adopted as a baby after her mother’s murder and her father’s subsequent flight for his own safety before prosecution of the three white men suspected of the murder could begin. She attended Huttig’s segregated public schools, where she experienced firsthand the poor conditions under which black students were educated. In 1941 she married L.C. Bates, an insurance salesman and former journalist, and together they moved to Little Rock. In 1942 she joined her husband on the weekly newspaper he had launched the previous year, the Arkansas State Press. The newspaper focused on the need for social and economic improvements for the black residents of the state and became known for its fearless reporting of acts of police brutality against black soldiers from a nearby army camp. The Bateses’ insistence on publicizing such information led many white business owners to cease placing advertisements in their paper. Despite the loss of revenue, the couple continued to produce their publication. As a public and highly vocal supporter of many of the programs of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Bates was selected in 1952 to serve as the president of the state conference of the organization’s Arkansas branch. After the U.S. Supreme Court deemed segregation unconstitutional in 1954, she led the NAACP’s protest against the Little Rock school board’s plan for slow integration of the public schools and pressed instead for immediate integration. She personally began taking black children to the white public schools, accompanied by newspaper photographers who recorded each instance when the children were refused admission. This intense pressure induced the school board to announce its plan to commence desegregation at Central High School in September 1957. Bates and nine of the black students who were chosen to enroll at the high school withstood attempts at intimidation by the white opposition in Little Rock, which included rallies, legal action, threats, and acts of violence. Several attempts at integration failed, and the black students were not allowed to enter the school despite a court order. Finally, on September 25, the day after President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered all Arkansas National Guard units and 1,000 paratroopers to enforce integration of the school, Bates and the students were escorted safely into the school. She continued to be an advocate for the students throughout their time at the school. The Bateses were forced to close the Arkansas State Press in 1959. Daisy Bates published her autobiography, The Long Shadow of Little Rock, in 1962. In the next few years she worked for the Democratic National Committee’s voter education drive and for President Lyndon B. Johnson’s antipoverty programs in Washington, D.C. After suffering a stroke in 1965, she returned to her home state and in 1968 began working for a community revitalization project in Mitchellville, Arkansas. She resurrected the Arkansas State Press in 1984 but sold it several years later. Bates maintained her involvement in numerous community organizations and received numerous honours for her contribution to the integration of Little Rock’s schools.
- 3' X 5' - All Weather The flag is blue and inscribed "Don't Give Up the Ship" which were the dying words of Captain James Lawrence aboard USS Chesapeake in her fight with HMS Shannon on June 1, 1813. This was the battle flag of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, first aboard USS Lawrence and then aboard USS Niagara at the Battle of Lake Erie on September 10, 1813. In that battle, the U.S. squadron consisting of Lawrence, Niagara, and 7 smaller vessels captured the British squadron (HMS Detroit, HMS Charlotte, and 4 smaller vessels, apparently the only time in history an entire squadron of the Royal Navy has been captured intact. Perry's original flag is preserved at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. The image is based on a photograph of a reproduction at the Erie Maritime Museum in Erie, Pennsylvania.
Submitted to: State Dam Safety Officials Association Proceedings Publication Type: Proceedings Publication Acceptance Date: 8/15/2011 Publication Date: 9/27/2011 Citation: Hunt, S.L., Kadavy, K.C. 2011. One step at a time: Developing design criteria for stepped spillways. In: Dam Safety 2011. Proceedings of the Association of State Dam Safety Officials Annual Conference, September 25-29, 2011, Washington, DC. CDROM. Interpretive Summary: U.S. Congress passed legislation creating the USDA Small Watershed Program. This program is one of the most successful conservation programs in U.S. history because it combines conservation practices and flood control dams on tributary streams as a way to control flooding on the American landscape. Originally designed to protect agricultural land, some of these dams today are located in residential communities. As a result, these dams come under stricter federal and state dam safety regulations. To address these regulations, dam rehabilitation is required. Stepped spillways are becoming a popular means for addressing the dam safety requirements for these dams located in residential areas. Stepped spillways are typically placed over the existing dam and used for overtopping protection and increased spillway capacity. The USDA-ARS Hydraulic Engineering Research Unit (HERU) in Stillwater, OK, is conducting research on stepped spillways in order to develop design guidance for engineers faced with designing these structures. The research program involves examining flow properties (i.e. velocity, flow depth, and air concentrations) within the spillway and the effect design elements (i.e. step height and slope) has on these properties. The goal of this research is to provide useful and practical design guidance to engineers faced with the design of these structures even if it means providing the guidance one step at a time. Technical Abstract: The story of the USDA Small Watershed Program began seventy-five years ago when the U.S. was experiencing years of drought followed by years of flooding. The Flood Control Acts of 1936 and 1944 and the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954 set the stage for one of the most successful conservation programs in U.S. history. The Program established the principle of combining conservation practices in a watershed with flood control dams on tributary streams. With the dams originally designed to protect agricultural land, we fast forward to today to find residential communities and other infrastructure in the immediate vicinity of the dams, resulting in hazard classifications changes for these dams. To meet the new hazard classification requirements and subsequent federal and state dam safety regulations, dam rehabilitation is required. The USDA-ARS Hydraulic Engineering Research Unit (HERU) in Stillwater, OK, is conducting generalized research on roller compacted concrete (RCC) stepped spillways to address rehabilitation needs. In rehabilitation, stepped spillways are typically placed as a retrofit over the existing embankment and used to increase spillway capacity. Research on stepped spillways has primarily been focused on gravity-style spillways with slopes steeper than 22 degrees, and insufficient to address the concerns related to stepped spillways applied to embankment dams where slopes are typically flatter than 22 degrees. The research program initiated by engineers at HERU involves the large-scale testing of a stepped spillway over a broad range of discharges and step heights. Inception point location, flow depth, velocity, air entrainment, and energy dissipation are important aspects for the design of these structures. The objective of this paper is to discuss the design parameters being developed in this research program, more specifically energy dissipation, with the plans to provide useful and practical design guidance to engineers faced with the design of these structures even if it means providing the guidance one step at a time.
Multi Faith Week at Woodlea The Gorillas participated in the Multi Faith week, where they learned about the Sikhism religion. They examined the founding of the Sikh tradition and some of it's spiritual leaders. The content focus was on God and there were lots of opportunities provided for the Gorillas to ask questions, especially when the visitors came during the week. The children had an amazing time and they were capable of asking important questions about religion and beliefs and find out answers. The Gorillas were able to identify how religion is expressed in different ways and how everyone is a unique individual. Take a look at what took place! Manchester Museum Trip Our theme work this half term was all about Magnets and Forces and we felt that a trip to the Museum would provide the children with an excellent experience of hands on learning. Whilst at the Museum, the children specifically learned about Forces and Flight through an interaction show. Take a look at what took place!! The Gorillas researched the importance of light and shadows. They recognised that they need light in order to see things and that dark is the absence of light. They also noticed that light is reflected from surfaces and that the sun can be dangerous and that there are ways to protect their eyes. They identified that shadows are formed when the light from a light source is blocked by a solid object and they created some shadow puppets to show this clearly! The Gorillas have worked exceptionally hard during the Spring term! They looked at different rocks and identified why volcanoes erupt and what happens when a volcano erupts! They all created a Volcano as part of their project homework! Take a look at some of the volcanoes! The Gorillas have had an amazing term at Woodlea, they have all matured massively and shown great enthusiasm towards their learning at school. They have worked very hard in all of their subjects. Take a look at some of the brilliant work that has taken place this term! The Gorillas had a fantastic Christmas party. Take a look at all the fun games and dances that took place! Spelling stars this term are Emilia Monk, Lily Wiltshire, Sophie Sharples, Kayleigh Calderbank, Jessica Slater and Aaron Yates! All the spelling stars have managed to achieve the highest scores in their weekly spelling tests! Welcome To Gorillas! We have Mrs Younis, who is the class teacher and Mrs Hafiz, who is the teaching assistant working in the Gorilla class. We believe that the key to success is by showing commitment, enthusiasm, hard work, acting as a good role model and by persevering. The Gorilla class have settled in at Woodlea Junior School and we are very proud to see the children thoroughly engaged and enjoying their learning. The first project homework of the new school year was to produce a creative structure or model, relating to the endangered animal of their class. The Gorillas created some wonderful project homework pieces! Star Readers - Autumn 1 2016 Sophie Sharples and Aaron Yates! Well done to our fantastic star readers this term, they have read at least 4 times or more per week since the start of term and have managed to receive the most leaves on the magic reading tree. An outstanding effort, well done again. A great big well done to all those children, who received full marks for their spellings since the start of term. Another amazing effort! THANK YOU to all of those parents, who attended parents evening. It was lovely to see so many faces and lovely to meet you all! The Gorillas have worked exceptionally hard this term and have made great progress towards their learning and have shown positive behaviour. well done Gorillas! The Gorillas had a fantastic and a very interesting week, researching all the different ways in which they could help REDUCE the environment in which they live.They discussed the importance of reducing food packaging, general waste and how saving water and electricity would help save the environment. They created many different posters and rehearsed a class poem based on REDUCE! After this they considered and created their own carbon footprints and traced the outline of their feet, where they wrote their own pledge to help save the environment!
By Sholem Asch THE WARSAW GHETTO IN THE DINING CAR of the reserved train that runs from Berlin to Warsaw--a special train for high-ranking military men and government functionaries of the German Reich--there sat an extraordinarily high official whose sudden appearance in the car had evoked tense attention from the military men and dignitaries seated comfortably around the table that was being served. The official himself, whose modesty was well known, did everything both by his unobtrusive behavior and his amiable smiles (which were painstakingly forced from his nearsighted eyes and small mouth) to bring his companions back into the easy humor in which he had found them on entering the car. He did not succeed, however. His position as chief of the Gestapo, his reputation as a pitiless, bloodthirsty, cruel man, his close ties with the Fuhrer--all this kept not only the military men but his retinue, his aides who accompanied him everywhere and formed a guard to protect him, in an attitude of alert watchfulness. Under the pressure of fear which his personality radiated from itself, the orderlies served the food with trembling hands, which communicated the nervous tension from the waiters to the guests. On the second day, Gestapo Chief Himmler in the company of his official retinue rode through the crowded streets of the Warsaw ghetto to examine it before its destruction. What did the Gestapo Chief see? That which was called the Warsaw Ghetto was concentrated in the poorest, most over-populated Jewish quarter. The population of the Ghetto contained now, according to official figures, upwards of five hundred and fifty thousand human beings. People who had spent their whole lives under civilized conditions, were driven out overnight from their homes, which they or their fathers had built, from the cities and countries to which they had belonged for hundreds of years and scores of generations; were transported under the most inhuman conditions to Poland and thrown into the Dantean hell which was called the Warsaw Ghetto. At that time, in the Ghetto more than twenty souls lived in a single room, which in normal times would have accommodated only one or two. The Ghetto was cut off and isolated by a thick wall from the poorest streets of the city of Warsaw. German police and Gestapo men, armed with rifles and machine guns, guarded the wall. To leave the ghetto without permission meant to be shot without trial. A small portion, healthy young people whom the Germans used in their war industry, got skimpy rations--just enough to sustain the soul. The rest of the population--the old, the women, the children--were sentenced to a slow death of starvation. All education for children and grownups was forbidden; all social life and its pastimes were strictly interdicted. And yet the Ghetto went on, organized itself, and continued to spin the thread of life, which even the sharp German sword had not been able to cut. If one was unable to live in freedom, in God's shining sun, then one crept under the earth. In the labyrinthine corridors of the old houses, work continued, a fruitful cultural activity which could only be carried out by a people that had survived the persecutions and the sufferings with which Jewish history is so amply filled, a people that is destined by the Almighty to live forever. The Jewish student youth gathered the children together. In the courtyards, war gardens had been planted, and there, in spite of the Gestapo, regular classes for the children were conducted. In the darkened rooms, cut off from electric light, evening courses were given for adults. Musical concerts were held which ghetto artists gave for their ghetto brothers. Lectures by learned men and writers were read on scientific and literary themes. A regular technical school was conducted with advanced courses given by experienced teachers and savants. In secret bakeries Jewish bakers baked bread out of the white flour smuggled into the ghetto; often the flour came from the Gestapo, which sold it dearly to the Jews. Jewish women stood in secret community kitchens, and with their accustomed skill, with family sorcery which they inherited from their mothers, cooked meals and soups composed of nonexistent materials. Other women and old men sat in attics or cellars and sewed and patched old clothes. And meanwhile death did its work. There was a contest between the Angel of Death and the Gestapo as to which could surpass the other. When Himmler and his retinue, in strongly armored cars, made their early morning inspection tour through the streets of the ghetto, they noticed, among the sick children who were playing there with the living corpses, also the dead corpses, which had been ejected, stark naked and covered only with papers, from the houses of the ghetto. But this was not enough for the German power--the Jews were not dying fast enough; so the Nazis overtook the Angel of Death and left him behind. "Eli, Eli, lama sabachtani? (My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?)" That same cry was heard on the streets of Warsaw from hundreds of souls who, with their crosses, were being whipped on the way to Golgotha. "Eli, Eli, lama sabachtani?"--with this difference, that the cry on Golgotha was heard in the company of the swords and spears of the Roman idolaters, while the cry on the Warsaw streets sounded among clubs and bayonets of people who had been converted, who called themselves Christian folk. "Ropes of death have encompassed me, and toils of the pit have overtaken me. I meet with sorrow and trouble. I then called on the name of the Lord. I pray thee, Lord, release my soul." "My tears have become my bread by day and night as they say to the whole time, 'Where is thy God?'" And the answer which the Christian martyrs once made to themselves as they waited for death in the cellars of the Roman arenas, a death which they heard in the roaring of the lions--that same answer and consolation were now given by the Jews one to another as they joined hands together. "Why art thou bowed down, my soul, and why must thou murmur within me? Trust in the Lord, for I will praise him, my supporter and my God." "Whither shall I turn from Thy spirit? And where shall I escape from before Thy countenance?" This article is Part 2, from Sholem Asch's book, ONE DESTINY, written in 1945, in the aftermath of the Holocaust of World War II. Although it was written more than half a century ago, his words speak just as clearly to our hearts as if they were written yesterday. Randolph Parrish, of David's Quiver Press, 6813 E Loma Land, Scottsdale AZ 85257 emailed this for publication. Randolph Parrish has a number of highly recommended books, many of which are no longer in publication. Prices are extremely reasonable. Some, such as this one, ONE DESTINY, are abridged versions of the original text. In the death trains which stretched from the streets of the Ghetto to the places of execution were all kinds of Jews. There were Jews who, from birth, had not known that they were Jews, whom Hitler instructed in the Judaism in which their parents had failed to instruct them. They did not know or understand the meaning of their life, still less the meaning of their death. There were Jews from Germany, Jews who had reckoned themselves Germans throughout their existence. Many of them considered themselves Aryan and campaigned within the very ghetto walls for the recognition of their Aryan status. They looked upon their Jewishness as a mistake, as an oversight on the part of authority. There were Jews from Amsterdam and Antwerp who thought themselves Hollanders and Belgians. Notwithstanding these differences, all of them were thrown into the same pot. And suddenly everything becomes under-standable, realizable, clear, and beautiful. Suffering acquires a reason, an explanation--it is the highest price exacted for one's faith. The Jew from Paris, Amsterdam, Antwerp, Berlin, Frankfurt, becomes simply a Jew. The Jewish Aryans, the Jews who are half-Aryans but want to become whole ones, have disappeared. There are no longer nationalist or assimilated Jews, no longer Jewish Bundists or Zionists; no longer religious or irreligious Jews. There is only one kind of Jew--the plain, unadorned Jew, the son of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who goes on his eternal way, the way of everlasting Zion, the way of the salvation of Israel. We do not know what will become of the German people. The German people will live again after the war, will even return someday perhaps to the moral standard set in the days of Goethe and Schiller. Certainly the German people will become again a portion of the civilized world, and we all hope and wish for that time to come quickly, when German genius--and who dares to deny it?--may become as productive for the welfare of humanity as it has been for its destruction. But whatever the fate of the German people as a whole, every German will bear the mark of Cain on his forehead forever. And as it was with Cain, so to every German for the remainder of his days on earth the question will be put, "Where is thy brother Abel?" Where are the European Jews? And as the Lord said to Cain, so to every German will be said these words, "What hast thou done? The voice of thy brother's blood cries up to Me from the dust." Because the earth will not cover up the spilt blood of Israel. And for this desecration which Hitler made of the Jews, for this choice which he conferred upon them, for the freedom with which he could slaughter a whole people, for this crying sin, the guilt is carried, the accessory guilt if not the full one, by the whole Christian world.
Christmas and New Years Around the World EHHS students and staff celebrated a variety of different holiday traditions this year. Christmas and New Year's are often particularly special holidays because it is a time when all the family is present. All over the world, different traditions take place during these holidays. Some cultures celebrate by making special desserts or dishes, dancing and singing, and others by partying in superstitions. These traditions are important to students and staff at EHHS because it allows them to connect to their ancestors and their families. In Greek culture, Christmas looks a lot like Christmas in America where there is a lot of food, a lot of family time, and presents. English teacher Ms. Themis Valsamis shares that in Greece children are taught that Santa Clause comes on New Year’s Day, in Greece the children will get their presents on New Year’s Day. On New Year’s Day, Ms. Valsamis and her family will come together and make a Vasilopita (St. Basil’s New Year's Cake). It is made from butter, eggs, sugar, and orange (zest and juice), inside the cake there is a Flouri (a lucky coin) wrapped in aluminum. The cake is dusted with powdered sugar and the new year is written on it and she also writes about the many years to come. In Greek Orthodox culture, the first slice is for Jesus, then the second slice is for St. Basil’s, the third slice is for Virgin Mary, the fourth slice is for the poor, and the fifth slice is for the head of the master. The slices are then served in chronological order from oldest to youngest. The person that gets the coin will receive good luck for the year and the head of the household is supposed to pay them. These traditions are special to Ms. Valsamis because it is a time when she is able to indulge in her culture, where she gets to learn from her country's and ancestor's past, and it allows the spirit of her culture to stay alive for the next generations. EHHS Senior, Victor Unabia Jr., who was born and raised in the Philippines shares that it is a tradition for everyone in the household to wear red clothing during Christmas. Red holds a special meaning in Filipino (Philippine) culture; wearing red symbolizes love. The dish that is present at Victor's table during the Christmas feast is Lumpia, which is a spring roll. Victor shares that Christmas is a special holiday, “it is a time where all my family gathers together, celebrating and doing all these traditions together.” A tradition for the New Year in Victor's household is to get a bowl filled with rice and money with various fruits on top of that; this tradition is to welcome good luck and prosperity for the New Year. For Victor, it is important to partake in the traditions because he needs to remember his past and it allows him to build a relationship with his family. In Italian culture, there is a big meal consisting of fish called The Feast of the Seven Fishes. History teacher Ms. Caitlin King and her family this year's feast consisted of pasta with fish sauce, fried calamari, stuffed lobster tails, a variety of Italian pastries, and cookies. This year her aunt along with her family started a new one, where Ms. King’s aunt Rose will pick something from her hoarding miscellaneous belongings and give them as gifts to each family member, Ms. King this year got a Baby Joda cooking kit. French teacher Mrs. Carla Marsico who is Italian-American describes that cookies play a big role in her culture. She makes many different types in batches (like Anginetti, Chocolate Mousse, and Butter Balls) when she goes to visit her family she will bring a tray of cookies and sometimes a bottle of wine as a gift of appreciation. For good luck Mrs. Marisco eats lentils, lentils can be sauteed, made into a soup, or a stew; she makes Passatelli, which is noodles that are cooked in chicken soup, it has bread crumbs, eggs, butter, grated cheese, and nutmeg. In Hispanic culture, families gather on the 24th for Noche Buena, a time when music is in the background and dancing takes place. People drink Ponche, which is a hot drink made from water, the skin of fresh or dried fruits, sugarcane, and cinnamon, all of it is brought to a boil and served throughout Christmas Eve. Christmas looks different in each Latin American country but what many share are the superstitions that are a part of New Year’s. These superstitions consist of wearing specific color underwear (red means love, white means peace, green means money, pink is for friendship, and yellow for good luck), if you run under the table as it strikes midnight it means that you will find love for the New Year, and lastly, at midnight everyone receives a cup with exactly 12 grapes and as you eat them, a wish has to be made for each month. In Puerto Rico, Christmas starts on the 24th and continues after Dia de Reyes (Three Kings Day), where they continue with parades, food, and visits with family and friends. Spanish teacher Mrs. Rosa Dominguez makes coquitos which are like eggnog but it's made from coconut milk, sugar, and creme coconut. She states that music is very important for Puerto Rican people, music is played in parrandas in the streets of Puerto Rico where people gather with instruments (commonly seen are; guitars, guiro, maracas, and trumpets), people go around the block and play in front of peoples homes. In Ecuador people celebrate by having all the boys have to dress up as a viuda (widow), Senior Alexa Lizbette Astudillo describes it further, “it’s not just dressing up, is all out show where the boys will get balloons and stuff it in the bras, they wear wigs, and dresses.” Alexa finds the tradition hilarious describing it as “you have to be there to see the whole thing,” she enjoys this tradition and it's her favorite because it's just too funny for her to see grown men and boys just dancing with full-on wigs and dresses. When junior Melania Korenovsky has dinner on Christmas Eve, there is no meat, and there are 13 plates filled with different types of Ukrainian dishes such as borscht (beet soup), pirogies, pampushky (almost like a donut), Kutya, and stuffed cabbage. For New Year's in the Ukrainian culture, they celebrate Malanka’s throughout January, where they carol and do skits that have to do with New Year’s. Melania enjoys these traditions since it allows for her family to be all together, she shares, “it allows for me to connect further with my culture, although I’m miles away from Ukraine these traditions allow for me to keep my ancestors past and present within me.” These traditions allow students and staff at EHHS to connect to their heritage and ancestry in little ways but meaningful ones. Freshman Kaylee Orellana shares that being a part of the traditions during the holidays allow for parents' and grandparents' legacy to keep going. Freshman Marianagel Letriz shares similar perspectives as Kaylee stating that " my culture indicates where I come from and being taught at a young age allows for me to connect to my Puerto Rican side and my Colombian side, it is a time where I indulge and embrace my traditions and my culture." EHHS students and staff all have unique holiday traditions that come from their culture; showcasing the extensive diversity of individuals that we have around us every day.
Justice Cook was also one of the dissenters in Ohio’s historic school funding case, in which the Ohio Supreme Court held that the state’s financing system for public elementary and secondary schools violated the mandate of the Ohio Constitution that the legislature provide a “thorough and efficient system” of public schools throughout the state. DeRolph v. State, 677 N.E.2d 733 (Ohio 1997) (“DeRolph I”). This ruling upheld a trial court judgment striking down the state’s school financing system after a 30-day trial in which “plaintiff and defense witnesses alike testified as to the inadequacies of Ohio’s system of school funding and the need for reform.” 677 N.E.2d at 734. According to the Supreme Court, that funding system, which relied heavily on local rather than state revenue, had “caused or permitted to continue vast wealth-based disparities among Ohio’s schools, depriving many of Ohio’s public school students of high quality educational opportunities.” 677 N.E.2d at 737-38. As recounted in the Supreme Court’s decision, the evidence showed that many children in the state were attending aging, deteriorating schools plagued by health and safety problems, including asbestos, outdated sewage systems, inadequate fire alarm systems, leaking roofs and windows, and inadequate plumbing and heating systems. In some schools, chunks of plaster were literally falling from the walls and ceilings. Many of the school districts lacked sufficient funds to purchase textbooks, and even the “accessibility of everyday supplies” was a problem, “forcing schools to ration such necessities as paper, chalk . . . and even toilet paper.” 677 N.E.2d at 744. The Supreme Court held that “exhaustive evidence was presented to establish that the appellant school districts were starved for funds, lacked teachers, buildings, and equipment, and had inferior educational programs, and that their pupils were being deprived of educational opportunity.” 677 N.E.2d at 742. The court directed the legislature to create a new school financing system, and stayed the effect of its decision for a year to enable the legislature to do so. Justices Cook and Lundberg Stratton joined a dissent written by Chief Justice Moyer that would have upheld the school financing system because it provided “minimum standards,” 677 N.E.2d at 782, and would have ruled that determining the meaning of “thorough and efficient” was a political question left to the state legislature, effectively writing that clause out of the Constitution as unenforceable. Justice Resnick, who concurred in the majority opinion, wrote a separate concurrence in which she took the dissenters to task, stating that “when it is evident that the citizens of Ohio are unable to declare that the General Assembly is providing a ‘thorough and efficient’ system of public schools for all of the students in Ohio, it would be irresponsible for this court to refuse to decide this question under the guise of calling it a ‘nonjusticiable political question.’” 677 N.E.2d at 779 (emphasis added). After taking the position that whether Ohio had a “thorough and efficient” system of public schools was a nonjusticiable political question, the dissenters nonetheless proceeded to address the merits of the case and would have held, in a section of the dissent entitled “failure of proof,” that the evidence demonstrated that the legislature had “discharged its constitutional duty for funding a ‘thorough and efficient’ system.” 677 N.E.2d at 788. The dissent’s view of the evidence drew harsh criticism from the court majority: The dissent believes that we rely too heavily upon anecdotal evidence to support our holding that the current system is unconstitutional. Glaringly absent from the dissenting opinion, however, is any consideration of the massive evidence presented to us. There is one simple reason for this noticeable omission. The facts are fatal to the dissent. The dissent wisely recognizes that it could not, in good conscience, address these facts and then conclude that Ohio is providing the opportunity for a basic education. Therefore, it does the only thing that it could do, it ignores them. 677 N.E.2d at 742 (emphasis added). Three years later, the Supreme Court was asked to consider whether the state was then in compliance with the “thorough and efficient” clause in light of remedial legislation passed after DeRolph I. See DeRolph v. State, 728 N.E.2d 993 (Ohio 2000) (“DeRolph II”). The majority held that it was not, noting in particular that the school funding system continued to rely heavily on local property taxes, which “has resulted in vast disparities among Ohio’s six hundred eleven public school districts due to the differences in revenue generated by each.” 728 N.E.2d at 1013. According to the majority, “[t]he valuation of local property has no connection whatsoever to the actual education needs of the locality, with the result that a system overreliant on local property taxes is by its very nature an arbitrary system that can never be totally thorough or efficient.” 728 N.E.2d at 999. Acknowledging that the legislature had made an effort to comply with DeRolph I, the Court gave the state additional time to comply with the Constitution. Again, Justices Cook and Lundberg Stratton joined a dissent written by Chief Justice Moyer. Justice Cook also wrote her own dissent, urging the Court to “acknowledge [its] prior misjudgment” in DeRolph I. 728 N.E.2d at 1036. Cook took the position that the “thorough and efficient” clause of the state Constitution “is standardless and incomplete,” id., and contended that the Court had no business playing any role in what she perceived as an attempt to fashion a remedy for the constitutional violation found by the majority. Again, the unwillingness of the dissenters to determine the meaning of the state Constitution was harshly criticized. Justice Pfeifer, who joined the majority decision, wrote a separate concurrence accusing the dissenters of “essentially throw[ing] up their hands in dismay at the difficulty of interpreting two rather common words: ‘thorough’ and ‘efficient’ are, after all, used every day by both common and uncommon people. Their approach strikes at the core of constitutional law, that courts are the final arbiters of what the Constitution means, which was decided long ago. See Marbury v. Madison. . . .[I]t would turn two hundred years of constitutional jurisprudence, dating back to Marbury v. Madison, on its head. It also would allow the General Assembly to continue to disregard the section of the Constitution that mandates a ‘thorough and efficient’ education system.” 728 N.E.2d at 1027 (emphasis added; citation omitted).
Ed Fairfield, Vice Chair, NAACE – The Education Technology Association “It’s the little things – wellbeing, edtech and more” We often hear talk about ‘transforming the classroom’, but this isn’t what we need. From EdTech to wellbeing to time management, smaller tweaks, tips and tricks can make all the difference. - Transformation and change – the current agenda for many - How can little tweaks in how we use technology help? - Wellbeing in education – transformation or iterative improvement? - Listen and learn – how have others improved through making small changes? Alex Atherton – Leadership Coach, Atherton Consultancy Ltd “Gen Z (years of birth 1995-2009) are different. In order to recruit, retain and motivate them leaders and organisations need to adapt. Former secondary schools headteacher and Gen Z expert Alex Atherton will show you how.” - The concept of ‘generations’ and why they matter - Key characteristics Z - Actions organisations can take recruit and retain the best of this generation Mike Lloyd, Founder – LearnTech.io “Learning in the Age of Artificial Intelligence” With AI becoming a major driving force across all aspects of society, equipping individuals with AI literacy is crucial. Understanding AI empowers students, educators, and decision-makers to navigate the AI-driven landscape effectively, ensuring a sustainable, informed, and prosperous future. - Generative AI: The world of work and the foundations education and being disrupted by AI and especially by Generative AI. - Democratizing AI Understanding: Demystifying AI is essential. Until it is part of everyone’s education AI will be done to those who don’t understand it by those who do - Education’s Role: AI can revolutionize education by enhancing curriculum relevance, fostering critical thinking, and cultivating algorithmic problem-solving skills, and by making curricula engaging and relevant. - Transforming Learning: AI facilitates personalized learning experiences and offers powerful tools that enable learners to learn effectively, efficiently and in a way that is relevant to a rapidly changing world. - Empowering Educators: AI assists teachers with powerful tools to automate tasks, obtain insights, and enhance the educational process Susan Armstrong, CEO, Susan Armstrong Training & Development “Creating Learning That Sticks” The world of education has changed. Virtual and hybrid learning are not going away. This session will bring you the latest trends in how to create learning that sticks, when the attention span of students is diminishing. - Discover the latest trends in virtual and in-person education - Learn how to create interactive sessions that hold student’s attention - Explore the biggest mistakes teachers make when it comes to creating lesson plans - Discuss different types of instruction and their effectiveness
External Web sites Britannica Web sites Articles from Britannica encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. - colloid - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) Many common substances consist of solid particles, liquid droplets, or gas bubbles much bigger than ordinary molecules but much too small to be seen, even with the aid of most microscopes. Such particles range in size from about 0.00000004 to 0.0004 inch. Usually these tiny bits of matter, called colloids, are dispersed throughout another material.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an occurrence where bacteria will find its way to the opening of the urethra and will move upwards into the urinary tract where it will thrive and multiply.The bacteria known as Escherichia coli or E coli accounts for about ninety percent of most UTI cases and is found to exist in the bowel or colon area near the anus. The most common urinary tract infection causes which make it possible for E coli bacteria to transfer from the colon area to the urethral opening, are poor personal hygiene and sexual intercourse. In fact, there are other several reasons for the E coli to spread and move up from the opening going to the urethra. If the infection is left untreated, the bacteria will progress and reach the kidney area. The ordinary UTI will develop into becoming a kidney infection. Thus, knowing the following urinary tract infection causes will help us to become more aware about the importance of proper hygiene and safe sex practices: 1. The improper cleaning of the anus area after bowel movements; common among children because they still find it difficult to manage the proper procedure of cleaning themselves up. Hence, some of the E coli bacteria intended to be washed away, find their way to the urethral opening instead. 2. The improper use of diapers among infants can also cause UTI, wherein the intention is to maximize diaper use. As the diaper becomes full, due to the succession of urine discharged by the infant, the tendency of some urine is to backflow into the urethral opening. In some cases, some parents fail to notice that their baby’s diaper already contain fecal wastes, which all the more likely causes urinary tract infection among infants. 3. The use of birth control devices such as diaphragm, condom and spermicides; 4. The use of feminine douches or hygiene sprays; 5. Uncircumcised males are said to be more prone to UTI due to the presence of foreskin, where bacteria discharged during urination tend to thrive and grow. 6. Sexual intercourse, which may also involve uncircumcised men and other unhealthy sex practices may tend to push germs and bacteria into the urethra of a woman. Women are advised to wash their feminine genitals before and after sex. Also, urinating after intercourse will help discharge bacteria, before they find growth inside the urinary tract. 7. Suppressing the urge to pass urine, even when the bladder is already full promotes the growth of more bacteria while inside the bladder. 8. The wearing of tight pants or jeans and underwears can also cause urinary tract infections since bacterial growth can occur in trapped moisture. 9. Soaking in bathtubs; 10. The following health disorders or conditions which result to bacterial infections of the urinary tract because of their tendency to limit or suppress bladder discharge. Unstable health conditions also influence the production of antibodies that can prevent bacteria from multiplying. - Spinal cord injury; - Enlarged prostate; - Health conditions that require the Use of catheters; - Kidney stone disorder; - Diabetes as it affects the immunity system; - Menopausal condition among women due to loss of estrogen; Knowing the urinary tract infection causes will make us more aware of certain preventive measures. Hence, we can adopt them to avoid the infection from occurring in our system or at least minimize its recurrence.
Working in groups is increasingly popular as a form of assessment. However, it can be stressful: not everyone works in the same way or at the same pace, and you may need to find ways to negotiate these issues. This guide offers research-informed advice on how to help everyone in your group work together effectively, keeping focused and on track. When you start any group assignment or project it is a good idea to agree on some basic organisation and how the group will work and communicate together. A key aspect of good group organisation is starting and finishing with everyone knowing what they are expected to do. Good group work depends on good listening skills. Do you take in what others are saying? Do you pay attention to their feelings? Do you switch off when you are bored or dislike the speaker? Try these effective listening strategies: \|Tip: Let the speaker know you are listening and understanding - give encouraging signals like smiling or nodding\| Speak in the group - not at them. People who speak at a group leave no space for response and tend to dominate. People who speak in a group consider the other members. So: Most communication is non-verbal: Pay attention to people's body language as this can reveal a lot about how they feel about the group. Are they looking distracted? Have they crossed their arms and are they looking defensive? Do they look upset or confused? Why might this be? It doesn't take much to stop people engaging in a group - if they suggest something and get knocked back, they may just withdraw. Think about how you would feel if someone criticised your ideas, and keep this in mind when giving feedback. Disagreement and differing views isn't always bad - it can lead to creative ideas - but conflict is harmful to the group when it becomes personal and aggressive. Try to use language which doesn't single out people and blame them, but instead makes it clear that you are offering your own feelings and thoughts. Rather than, "You're annoying and always speaking…" instead, "I am hurt because I don't think the group listens to my ideas." If the group really can't agree on something, discuss the pros and cons of the idea, then have a vote and go with the majority decision. Taking part in a group doesn't just mean speaking a lot or always offering suggestions. Being a good group member is about being committed to the group and making a contribution that plays to your strengths. For a group to work well it takes a variety of people each playing different roles. Play to your strengths - find something you can contribute. For example, if you don't feel confident doing presentations, instead volunteer to produce the handouts. What can you do to help the group succeed? We indicate to other people how well we are listening through our verbal and non-verbal communication. We can use these responses to encourage other members of the group when they are speaking. For example, through: Help the discussion to flow It is quite easy to sabotage a group, often unintentionally, through any of the following: Help all group members to feel involved. If someone is not participating, try asking their opinion or seeing if there is a role they'd like to take on. Try making them feel welcome by chatting before or after the group meets. This will benefit you as well as them - they might be really good at doing a task you hate! Be aware of cultural differences which might be shaping how people are behaving within your group (see below)
Byzantine mosaic art is considered timeless art. They have been used for Islamic or Christian art, and even today, art, and artists have been influenced by mosaics. Mosaics have been an art form for thousands of years. The Greeks used them to decorate their roads with patterns using various stones. The Romans took that idea from the Greeks and created their mosaics, but they were often more functional. The Byzantine mosaic art was more for decoration. Mosaics in Byzantine art also took their form to the next level through their usage as a form of personal and religious expression. The Byzantines would not just take stones and clay pieces as the Romans did, but they also would incorporate precious stones and gold leaf into their tesserae. The other thing that the Byzantines did was that they sometimes make their mosaics very realistic. A lot of the time, they like to use symbolism. They were also after a sense of awe whenever you would see their mosaics. So, they would set them up towards certain times of day you would get, like coming through a window, and they would sparkle and look beautiful. That way, especially in the churches, you would feel you were surrounded by beauty and glory. You can reach our product by clicking the image above. Features of Byzantine Mosaic Art Mosaics in Byzantine art are from the eastern Roman Empire. It is from approximately 300 AD to about 1450. Also, the history of mosaic art typically celebrates the Christian church and many Christian iconographies. It's not necessarily always Christian, but for the most part, most of the art from this particular era is going to be Christian based. When you're looking at Byzantine Mosaic Art, it is important to understand that the symbolic is what's important, not the reality. In the Byzantine mosaic art sculptures, this person looks slightly off. They generally look weird and quirky, and that is because, in this particular case, they were not concentrating on making the most realistic look of the person. They wanted to look at his/her soul and inside of his/her eyes to see if this person was following God. They made them elongated a little bit, almost to show the nastiness of the human soul a lot of the time. They would kind of elongate their forms just a little bit, and they would use a little bit of exaggeration. Byzantine mosaic art wanted to show deeply what was inside the soul and not necessarily just what you see outside the human body. You should also know that the overall effect is the most important thing. The art itself can be very simple in certain places, but this is a very striking type of art, and when you look at it, you're supposed to be in awe. Byzantine artists wanted you to feel like you were in the presence of God or having a spiritual moment just by looking at the art. Even if the art itself, when you really get down to it, is pretty simple in most places. Mosaics in Byzantine art continue to be a huge influence on modern art because it was very simple and broken down into what is symbolic. That led people like Picasso and other modernists to make their art simply broken down but also at the end of the day, powerful in its very simple use of decorative form. Techniques and Aesthetics of Byzantine Mosaic Art The history of mosaic art has a solid foundation. The 1st century AD architect Vitruvius describes the ideal foundation as consisting of four layers. The first, called a sculpture, was built only with a large structure or piece of pottery. Next came radius, a solidly used mix of rubble and lime up to nine inches thick. The negative effect of Rudus is called its effect. It acts with a mixture of lime and small pieces of brick. Finally, the placement bed on which the tesserae were placed was an even thinner layer of mortar. Their production with lime and texture powder is a mixture. Ancient artists used a sharp tool to pull the insides of the mortar when planning their mosaics. Using string, nails, compasses, and calipers to help lay out their plans. Next, the artists use pigments of various colors to designate where the figure in the background will appear. To cut tesserae from raw materials, they use a hammer and a chisel-like blade set into a block. With the hammer, it's possible to cut very thick marble pieces with little force. In experienced hands, these tools can quickly and accurately produce tesserae of exactly the desired size and shape, even from fragile materials like glass. As the artist lays the tesserae into the setting bed, he/she carefully choose sizes and shapes to fit the subject. Smaller tesserae are used for more detailed areas. She/he chooses materials and colors to fill in the background and others to outline the figure. The mosaic's surface is leveled by grinding the tesserae to an even height. Finally, the pumice stone can make the top of the mosaic very smooth and even. You can reach our product by clicking the image above. Famous Byzantine Mosaic Art 1- San Vitale An examination of mosaics would only be complete with a discussion of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy. The church was dedicated in 547 CE by Bishop Maximian. It's an octagonal plan church filled with Byzantine mosaic art telling the stories of the Old Testament, angelic figures, Jesus, the Twelve Apostles, and San Vitale with his sons. 2- Emperor Justinian One of the most famous mosaics in Byzantine art is of Emperor Justinian and his wife, the Empress Theodora. The most important message of this piece is Justinian's authority over both church and state. The emperor stands front and center, his head is crowned with a halo, but he also wears the traditional Imperial purple robes. On either side of him are members of the clergy and the military. Most of these figures hold essential items representing their station, including weapons and liturgical pieces. By showing Justinian at the center of the scene, the viewer is meant to understand that he is one of the great Byzantine emperors that held immense secular and non-secular power. 3- Empress Theodora Theodore's mosaic is more politically charged than her husband's in the history of mosaic art. However, that doesn't mean it doesn't make its statement. She holds the wine for the Eucharist, and this shows her as an additional leader in the church. Theodora is surrounded by her attendants but not by government or military officials like her husband. The balanced composition and mimics show us them near equal leaders of the Roman Empire. 4- Santa Maria Maggiore Not only is it one of the four major basilicas in the Catholic faith, but it is also the largest Marian Church in Rome. It is built on the site of a holy miracle. The Virgin appeared in a dream to a bishop and said that she would mark the site where she wanted a church built. The next day the bishop went outside and saw fresh snow. It was August, so this was clearly a divine intervention. The Basilica was dedicated in 434 CE and featured some impressive Byzantine mosaic art dating from that time and beyond. You can reach our previous article from https://www.artmasterclass.com.au/blogs/news/different-mosaic-techniques
The polymerase chain reaction has helped a team of US researchers to see the very earliest genetic changes that could mark the onset of the most common form of lung cancer. The results are published online in Nature Communications. Understanding the precursors to lung cancer could improve the diagnosis and treatment of this form of cancer. While many lung lesions such as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) will regress, some may act as a precursor to adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and fully invasive adenocarcinoma. According to the American Lung Association, adenocarcinomas are the most frequent subtype of lung cancer and are usually diagnosed after they have spread. The average five-year survival rate for people with adenocarcinoma is 15%, even with the most advanced chemotherapy, surgery and other treatments. The researchers, from Johns Hopkins University, carried out targeted next-generation sequencing on multifocal AAHs and different zones of histologic progression within AISs and MIAs from DNA samples from lung tissue and blood taken from six patients who were having surgery for lung cancer. By comparing the DNA of the premalignant lesions with DNA isolated from primary invasive cancer within each patient, the sequencing approach showed that in three of the patients, the same mutations were shared between the premalignant lesions and the tumour from the same patient. The team found mutations associated with good and poor prognosis or responses to therapy were seen in different regions of the same tumour, highlighting the limitations of single biopsies commonly used to decide patients’ therapies. . This finding of KRAS, TP53 and EGFR mutations is the first definitive link ever found between potential premalignant lesions and invasive tumours in the same lung, according to Evgeny Izumchenko of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and it suggests that those mutations may be the drivers of tumour progression. PCR studies of blood plasma and sputum from two patients found alterations that were associated with early neoplasms in paired circulating DNA. The team believes that these are among the very earliest premalignant genetic changes that mark the potential onset of the most common and deadliest form of disease, and these alterations occurred long before the lesions would acquire the ability to invade surrounding tissue and fulfil the definition of adenocarcinoma of the lung. “We believe we were able to detect, for the first time, DNA circulating in the blood from precancerous lesions of the lung,” says Mariana Brait, PhD, of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. “This work is a big step in advancing our knowledge of lung cancer because it could give us a chance to find people at risk early.” The researchers added that different regions of the same lesion had various mutations distinctly associated with good and poor outcomes, and that in patients for whom blood samples were available, circulating DNA evidence of the mutations showed up clearly. “This study takes detection to a whole new level in terms of size of the lesion,” says David Sidransky, MD of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. “I’m not aware that circulating DNA from precancerous lesions this small has ever been identified before.” It’s important to remember that the findings are preliminary and are from only a few patients. They may, however, lead to the use of DNA testing to detect precancerous changes at their earliest stages, as well as a better understanding of cancer molecular biology.
Poor cardiorespiratory fitness could increase your risk of a future heart attack, even if you have no symptoms of a lifestyle illness today, a new study has found. A strong link was found between higher fitness levels and a lower risk of heart attack and angina pectoris over the nine years following the measurements that were taken in a study by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology’s (NTNU) Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG). The study results have been published in the European Heart Journal. Even among people who seem to be healthy, the top 25 per cent of the fittest individuals actually have only half as high a risk as the least fit 25 per cent. Between 2006 and 2008, CERG researchers measured the cardiorespiratory fitness of 4527 men and women who participated in the HUNT3 population-based health survey in Nord-Trøndelag. None of the subjects had cardiovascular disease, cancer or high blood pressure, and most were considered to be at low risk of cardiovascular disease for the next ten years. Nevertheless, 147 of the participants experienced heart attacks or were diagnosed with angina pectoris by 2017. These diseases signal that the coronary arteries in the heart are narrowed or completely blocked. The researchers analysed the participants in groups based on their level of fitness in relation to others of the same age and gender. The risk proved to decline steadily as patient fitness increased. The correlation between fitness and cardiovascular risk also held after adjusting for other factors that differed between the most and least fit participants. One of the greatest strengths of the study is that the test used maximum oxygen uptake to measure participant fitness. Earlier studies that have linked fitness level to disease risk in healthy populations have largely been based on less precise calculations of fitness, or on self-reported physical activity information. Our body uses oxygen to drive metabolic processes that create energy for the muscles. Maximum oxygen absorption is simply the maximum amount of oxygen the body is able to absorb during physical activity. Heart, blood vessel and muscle functioning are all important for oxygen uptake. The study suggests that even a small increase in fitness can significantly improve health. For each increase of 3.5 fitness points, the risk of heart attack or angina decreases by 15 per cent. Even if you never get in such good shape that you can say you have optimal protection, the study shows that participants’ risk was lower the more fit they were. To measure maximum oxygen uptake accurately, you have to breathe into a mask while running on a treadmill, where the speed increases or the incline gets steeper every minute. As you work at higher and higher intensity, your body needs more and more oxygen. The test ends when you can’t run anymore, or when measurements show that the oxygen uptake is no longer increasing even though the treadmill speed is. But why does the fitness number mean so much for your future health? Researchers use a treadmill and a special mask to measure a person’s maximum oxygen uptake, which is considered an important measure of fitness.
“Undecided” is one of the most common majors declared by students in their sophomore year of college. These students may simply not want to commit to a major or have absolutely no idea what they want to pursue for the rest of their lives. Few students have a very specific idea of the field they will pursue in college, and even fewer stick with that original idea as they move through college. A student who feels 100 percent sure that she is going to be a nurse may learn in college that when confronted with a real patient, she absolutely abhors the idea of using needles. Such experiences often lead to major switches, which may translate to more years in college and sometimes a complete transition from the previous field of study. High school internships can help eliminate these headaches by giving students an idea of what career they want to pursue and whether their original plan is something they truly want to do. Many students can get involved with internship programs through their schools. Michelle Pera, a senior at North Tonawanda High School, is one such student. She is doing an internship at Niagara Regional Federal Credit Union, where she does filing, scanning and takes deposits. She landed her internship through her school’s Career Exploration Internship Program after making an employment portfolio and interviewing, and she is enjoying the opportunity. “I like learning about banking, working with people, and seeing what it’s like in the ‘real working world.’ ” Michelle believes that her internship has helped her to narrow down her career options, and she knows that she wants to pursue a career in this field. “I want to be an accountant because I like math and working with numbers,” she said. “At my internship, I have talked to the people and have seen what they do, which has furthered my interest. I can see what an accountant does and the setting of the job.” One of the most important benefits of a high school internship is simply being able to explore the ups and downs of a career, thus being more prepared for “life in the real world.” “I can see what it’s like in a real job,” Michelle explained, “and I can see all the perks and downsides to those jobs.” But is real-world experience the only advantage of a high school internship? Help with more immediate obstacles, like getting into college, is another incentive for teens to work at an internship. “It’s a great way to see if you would like a job in that field,” said Michelle. “But it also looks great when applying to college.” For more information about internship opportunities, check with your school guidance counselors. Allison Franz is a junior at Sacred Heart Academy.
Justice Harry Blackmun, author of the verdict of Roe v. Wade, stated: “The appellee and certain amici argue that the fetus is a "person" within the language and meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment. In support of this, they outline at length and in detail the well known facts of fetal development. If this suggestion of personhood is established, the appellant's case, of course, collapses, for the fetus' right to life would then be guaranteed specifically by the Amendment.” In other words, if a fetus is ever proven to be a person, the moral right to abort collapses. We know that human life begins at the moment of conception. This is no longer a matter of religious or political beliefs; it is a fact, a definition, even, agreed upon by scientists everywhere, despite their views on abortion. A pro-choice geneticist named Ashley Montague affirms, “life begins, not at birth, but at conception”. Dr. Bernard Nathanson, former owner and operator of the largest abortion clinic in the western hemisphere, says he “accepts what is biologically manifest – that human life commences at the time of conception”. The fact that life begins at conception is even taught in medical textbooks. Dr. Alfred Bongioanni, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, declares, “I have learned from my earliest medical education that human life begins at the time of conception.” But, apparently, being human isn’t enough to define a fetus as a person, otherwise, abortion would be illegal because the 14th amendment states that: “No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” Birth? The most common argument for a fetus not being considered a person is that it has not yet been born. Why, then, does the federal government protect unborn bald eagles? Because a bald eagle embryo has the potential to become a bald eagle, and therefore carries every right that a bald eagle carries. But a human embryo, which holds enormous potential, doesn’t carry every right that a person carries? Let’s save the birds and kill the children. Dependency? Some people reason that since a fetus could not survive on its own outside the womb, it is not a person. Let me ask you this; can any baby survive on its own? Is any born baby completely independent? Of course not! Can you imagine a six week old baby, or even a six year old fending for his or herself, scavenging for his or her meals, working to pay the bills? A born child relies on its mother for food, shelter, and protection just as much as a fetus does. If dependency is an adequate reason to kill a fetus, it must also be an adequate reason to kill any dependent child, so obviously, this argument is illogical. Development? Others argue that a fetus cannot be classified as a person because it is not fully developed. While it is true that a fetus is not fully developed, it is also true that a four-year-old child is not fully developed. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, a human continues to develop physically, mentally, and emotionally until around the age of 25. This period of growth and development is accepted as a natural part of life; why is it rejected at its earliest embryonic stage? Does development, then, have any say in the personhood of a human? Is a twenty five year old more human than a four year old? No. If we accept this argument of development, we must also support the killing of a son or daughter up to age 25. What defines personhood? We’ve known it all along.
Ayurveda and Its Significance Ayurveda is the mystical Pandora’s box for human health and medical sciences. Be it Asclepius, Greek-Roman god of medicine, son of Apollo (god of healing, truth, and prophecy), or Lord Shiva ( the revered first surgeon of the world ), have resurrected human faith in naturally occurring components on our Mother Earth. As mentioned above, Ayurveda has been around for thousands of years and was considered one of the best ways to treat diseases and lead a healthy lifestyle in ancient India. Owing to the significance of maintaining good health, humankind started using the principles and concepts of Ayurveda in the modern world as well. Ayurveda blends our modern lifestyle and health-oriented habits with the ancient wisdom of using natural substances, medicines, and herbs to help us lead a healthy, happy, stress-free, and disease-free life. Ayurveda was officially recognized by WHO (World Health Organization) in 1976. The cardinal aim of Ayurveda is to restore the individual balance between mind, body, and spirit. Ayurveda classifies all individuals and body types into three categories: Kapha (Earth and Water) Pitta (Fire and Water) Vata (Air and Ether) So, all Ayurvedic treatments and therapies vary for individuals depending on the fact that they belong to which aforementioned body type. Every individual needs to perform exercises, yoga, meditation, and take nutrition depending on his/her body constitution. As long as you are eating as per your body type and performing the exercises accordingly, Ayurveda claims that you will stay disease-free. The primary requisites of living an Ayurveda-inspired healthy life include wholesome food, meditation, and yoga. If you are indulging in these three, you can prevent a lot of diseases, lead a happy life and perform optimally every day. With the Ayurvedic way of life, we can beat stress, which is one of the underlying causes of an array of health troubles that people suffer from in this modern world. Ayurveda as a Complementary System of Healing The basic difference between Ayurveda and Western allopathic medicine is important to understand. Western allopathic medicine currently tends to focus on symptomatology and disease, and primarily uses drugs and surgery to rid the body of pathogens or diseased tissue. Many lives have been saved by this approach. In fact, surgery is encompassed by Ayurveda. However, drugs, because of their toxicity, often weaken the body. Ayurveda does not focus on disease. Rather, Ayurveda maintains that all life must be supported by energy in balance. When there is minimal stress and the flow of energy within a person is balanced, the body’s natural defense systems will be strong and can more easily defend against disease. It must be emphasized that Ayurveda is not a substitute for Western allopathic medicine. There are many instances when the disease process and acute conditions can best be treated with drugs or surgery. Ayurveda can be used in conjunction with Western medicine to make a person stronger and less likely to be afflicted with disease and/or to rebuild the body after being treated with drugs or surgery. We all have times when we don’t feel well and recognize that we’re out of balance. Sometimes we go to the doctor only to be told there is nothing wrong. What is actually occurring is that this imbalance has not yet become recognizable as a disease. Yet it is serious enough to make us notice our discomfort. We may start to wonder whether it is just our imagination. We may also begin to consider alternative measures and actively seek to create balance in our body, mind, and consciousness. Evaluation and Treatment of Imbalances Ayurveda encompass various techniques for assessing health. The practitioner carefully evaluates key signs and symptoms of illness, especially in relation to the origin and cause of an imbalance. They also consider the patient’s suitability for various treatments. The practitioner arrives at diagnosis through direct questioning, observation, and a physical exam, as well as inference. Basic techniques such as taking the pulse, observing the tongue, eyes, and physical form; and listening to the tone of the voice are employed during an assessment. Palliative and cleansing measures, when appropriate, can be used to help eliminate an imbalance along with suggestions for eliminating or managing the causes of the imbalance. Recommendations may include the implementation of lifestyle changes; starting and maintaining a suggested diet; and the use of herbs. In some cases, participating in a cleansing program, called panchakarma, is suggested to help the body rid itself of accumulated toxins to gain more benefit from the various suggested measures of treatment. In summary, Ayurveda addresses all aspects of life – the body, mind, and spirit. It recognizes that each of us is unique, each response differently to the many aspects of life, each possesses different strengths and weaknesses. Through insight, understanding, and experience Ayurveda presents a vast wealth of information on the relationships between causes and their effects, both immediate and subtle, for each unique individual.
A new study by two Lehman College professors assessed the nutritional quality of foods advertized on the first page of online weekly circulars from 15 supermarket stores in the Bronx over a two-month period. The results of the study—by Professors Danna Ethan and Lalitha Samuel of the College’s Health Sciences Department—found that less healthy foods were often promoted at the expense of more nutritious options. The study was recently published in The Journal of Community Health. “We found that less than 2 percent of the products were high in fiber and only 16.5 percent of the advertisements were for fresh fruits and green leafy vegetables,” said Dr. Samuel. “Almost three-quarters of the sugar-sweetened beverages were advertised with promotional sales that encouraged purchasing of multiple units of these energy-dense foods.” Simply put, the flyers promoted food that was cheap, sugary, and of poor nutritional value. “Circulars are an opportunity for these stores to promote healthy food options for their customers, which they are not doing enough of,” adds Dr. Ethan. “Instead, they may be contributing to the problem by highlighting calorie-dense foods and sugary beverages.” The food environment in the Bronx is often lacking in nutritious options, a possible contributor to the highest adult diabetes rate in New York City — which is significantly higher than that of the nation’s, notes Dr. Ethan. Portions of the Bronx, like other economically stagnant urban areas, are often labeled “food deserts” for the lack of fresh produce or other low-fat, non-processed food choices. Ultimately, the customer must make healthy choices for their own well being. “Individuals must be educated to make healthy choices,” explained Dr. Samuel. “The study implies that individuals must plan ahead to prepare healthy meals and shop accordingly. And perhaps individuals can use their buying influence to encourage supermarkets to advertise fruits and vegetables as well as whole grain products, thereby positively influencing the community.”
From Roman villa to medieval village Starting in the 1st century BCE, the watersheds in the area, which had been cultivated since protohistory, witnessed the arrival of a new type of rural establishment. These habitation points were dispersed as widely as possible, with each landscape unit occupied, if not cultivated, by one of these farms. During the first two centuries of the Common Era, under the Early Roman Empire, an initial concentration can be seen with the abandonment of the sites closest to the Via Domitia in the northern section of the territory. During the 1st century CE, the Près-Bas site definitively took on the appearance of a villa. The decline in the number of active sites was still high in late Antiquity. The villa, which returned in the early 5th century , was the primary structure in an estate consisting of a seashore installation and an edifice dedicated to the new Christian religion. This upturn came to an abrupt halt in the 6th century, when the seashore site and the villa were abandoned. Only the basilica, the last surviving trace of the estate, was able to attract the local population. Families clustered around the religious edifice, and a new site of some importance sprang up close by. This initial resettling of people increased with the building of a feudal castrum , mentioned in written sources as of the early 11th century, in the centre of the future village.
Discussion Board: Discussion Question 4 This discussion aligns with Learning Outcomes 1, 3, 6, 7, and 8 Prompt: After reading the chapters for Module 8, address the issue of stigmatization regarding psychological disorders as well as seeking treatment. Include the issue of medication for these problems and how and why use of prescription medications might be stigmatized. Reference as appropriate. (1) Instructions: Students should complete their assigned readings and consult the discussion rubric before posting on discussion board for each module. - Post your initial question responses by the middle of the week so everyone has a chance to respond to your answers later in the week. - You should return throughout the week to review the initial post made by your classmates and to reply meaningfully to at least 2 postings made by other students. - You are expected to post to the forum in correct sentence and paragraph format. Remember to check for correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation. - Read the comments of others in your class before you post. (1) You can review an example as an example of discussion response. Grading: This discussion assignment is worth 30 points toward your final grade and will be graded using the Discussion Rubric . Please use it as a guide toward successful completion of this assignment. Course Assignment: Critical Thinking Assignment 7 This assignment aligns with Learning Outcomes 1, 3, 5, 6, and 7 Instructions: This assignment consists of 4 questions that are to be answered in a brief essay format. Each question is worth 15 points for a total of 60 points. Answers should be a minimum of 6-8 well thought out and well constructed sentences, demonstrating an understanding of the question/concept presented. - After reading the different theories presented in the text, which theory do you think best represents your view of personality development? Explain your reasoning from a personal perspective, based on our experiences. - Choose 2 of the defense mechanisms listed on page 376 of the textbook and, from your own experiences, give behavioral examples of how you have seen these defense mechanisms used by you or someone close to you. - Erik Erikson developed a theory of development defined as a “psychosocial theory”. He proposed 8 stages of development from birth to old age/death. He identified a “crisis” at each stage that must be resolved. Explain what Erikson meant by “Psychosocial theory” and purpose of “crisis resolution” in his stages. - Define the concepts of “Prejudice” and “Discrimination”. Identify two (2) examples of each and identify circumstances that might lead to the development of each behavior. (1) Notes: Minimum of 5-7 well thought out and well constructed sentences demonstrating an understanding of the question/concept presented. Suggest that you submit writing to Online Tutoring-Smarthinking under Tools & Resources for proofreading before submitting the writing to SafeAssign. (1) Submission: This assignment uses SafeAssign™ to check originality. The overall SafeAssign™ matching score on the Originality Report must be 15% or less. Assignments that result in the SafeAssign™ score greater than 15% receive no credit. To submit your file, choose the assignment link above. Use the “Browse My Computer” button in the Attach File area to attach your documents. Be sure to complete your submission by choosing the “Submit” button at the bottom of the screen. Grading: The assignment is worth 60 points toward your final grade and will be graded using the Critical Thinking Rubric . Please use it as a guide toward successful completion of this assignment.
African American STEM Leaders Infographic African American mathematicians, scientists, and inventors have contributed to our nation’s greatness since the time of President George Washington. The African American STEM Leaders Infographic highlights the contributions of just seven of the many African Americans who have changed our world from the 1700s to the present. Son of a slave, this mathematician was also an astronomer, inventor, and writer. Acclaimed for the almanacs he published between 1792 and 1798, Banneker was appointed by President George Washington to the District of Columbia Commission and helped map out the new national capital. In 1980, the U.S. Postal Service issued a stamp in his honor. Scientist, inventor, botanist, and chemist, Carver invented over 100 products derived from the peanut. Born into slavery, he became one of the most prominent scientists and inventors of his time. A teacher at the Tuskegee Institute, the agricultural department achieved national renown under his leadership. A monument showing him as a boy was the first national memorial erected in honor of an African American Academic, social activist, and the first African American woman to receive a PhD in mathematics. Not only a mathematician, Haynes was a distinguished educator, activist for school desegregation, and a fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Science. This astrophysicist was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame for his contributions to aeronautical engineering. Carruthers patented the “Image Converter,” which detects electromagnetic radiation in short wave lengths. In 1970, his invention recorded the first observation of molecular hydrogen in outer space. In 1972, he invented the first moon-based observatory, which was later used during the Apollo 16 mission. Carruthers received the National Medal of Technology and Innovation in 2013. This physicist and inventor invented 3D TV. Thomas received a patent in 1980 for inventing an illusion transmitter that extends the idea of television and makes images look three-dimensional. From 1964 to 1995, she worked in a variety of capacities for NASA where she developed real-time computer data systems, conducted large-scale experiments, and managed many operations, projects, and facilities. Thomas’ team spearheaded “Landsat,” the first satellite to send images from space. The first African American woman to travel in space, she is also a physician, professor, and entrepreneur. Jemison joined the space program after she completed her medical degree, maintained a general practice, and served in the Peace Corps. After working at NASA from 1987 to 1993, Jemison founded The Jemison Group, Inc., which developed a satellite-based telecommunications system to improve health care delivery in developing nations. A professor in the Environmental Studies Program at Dartmouth College, she directed the Jemison Institute for Advancing Technology in Developing Countries. This astrophysicist, writer, and television personality is bringing a love of science and information about the cosmos into our homes. A writer, Tyson has authored 10 books, and co-wrote and hosted the PBS-NOVA series, Origins. The recipient of eighteen honorary doctorates and the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal, he is executive editor, host, and narrator for Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey. He heads the Hayden Planetarium in New York City and is a research associate of the Department of Astrophysics at the American Museum of Natural History.
WHAT IT IS What is Speech Therapy for Toddlers? Speech therapy can help children of all ages and abilities communicate more effectively. Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) support toddlers with speech delay and speech disorders, language disorders, and other communication challenges that impact their ability to share their wants, needs, thoughts, and feelings. A SLP can help you learn if your child’s speech development is on track. WHEN DO I NEED IT Typical Milestones in Speech and Language Development While kids develop differently, and environmental factors will play a big part of speech development in children, you may want to consider consulting with a speech pathologist for children if your kid does not follow a typical language development timeline: Newborn - 1 Year Infants will startle in response to loud sounds and calm when they hear a familiar voice. They have different cries for different needs. Within the first three months of life, infants begin to make cooing sounds and smile. Babies begin to look in the direction of sounds they hear and can respond to changes in your tone of voice. They start to giggle and will babble different consonant sounds like “pa” or “da”. 7 – 12 Months Babies will turn their heads toward sounds and start responding to their name. They will follow a point and start to understand familiar words (milk, dad, car). They will engage in social games like “peek a boo”. Babies this age will begin to string sounds to together (“babababa”) and will use gestures and sounds to get your attention. Around age one, they will start to use single words like “hi” and “Mama”. Sounds may not be clear yet. If you notice that your baby is not meeting some of these communication and speech development milestones, you may want to book a speech therapy session to discuss your concerns. 1 - 2 Years Between 12-18 months, children begin to use more single words and look toward you when they are talking. They start to point to body parts and familiar pictures of items in books. Around 18-24 months, children start combining 2 words together (“more milk”), ask simple questions (“what’s that?”), and follow simple directions (“roll the ball”). If you have concerns about your child’s speech development or language skills, do not hesitate to reach out to a Speech Pathologist for support. It is never too early to begin speech therapy – if you suspect a speech delay, early intervention is key! 2 - 4 Years By age 3, most children are using 2–3-word phrases and have more words in their vocabulary than we can count. They start to understand and use location words like “on” and “in”, and can follow simple 2 step directions like “get the cow and put him in the barn”. Around this age they can tell a short story about their day. By age 4, strangers are typically able to understand most of what a child says (although some speech sound errors are still age appropriate at this time). At this age, children can ask and answer a variety of simple questions, can participate in conversations, and use adult-like grammar. If you have concerns about a speech delay, speech disorder, or notice that your child is not meeting language milestones, a speech therapist can help identify areas to best support their communication skills during a speech therapy session! Should Others Be Able to Understand my Toddler? It can be typical for babies and young toddlers to use unclear speech. By age 3, we like to see children being understood about 75% of the time, and by age 4, nearly 100% of the time, even by unfamiliar people. The chart below may help you decide if your child may have a speech delay. AGE IN YEARS / 4 x 100 = % UNDERSTOOD BY STRANGERS Child aged 1 = 1/4 or 25% intelligible to strangers Child aged 2 = 2/4 or 50% intelligible to strangers Child aged 3 = 3/4 or 75% intelligible to strangers Child aged 4 = 4/4 or 100% intelligible to strangers (Source: Flipsen, 2006) What this means, is that, for example, a 2-year-old in conversation with an unfamiliar listener (distant relative, a pediatrician who sees the child twice a year) would only have 50% of what they say understood. This guide gives you another way to determine if your toddler’s speech is progressing typically, or if you should consider exploring speech therapy services. WHAT YOU'RE FACING How to Know if Your Toddler Needs Children with speech sound disorders often have difficulty being understood; They know what they want to say, but people cannot understand their words, which can lead to frustration. If you notice your child is making errors that other children their age are not making, it may be helpful to work with a Speech Pathologist to determine what sounds they may need a little extra help with during speech therapy sessions. Expressive language refers to the ability to communicate wants, needs, thoughts, and ideas. Some children may have difficulty using new vocabulary, putting words together, and using age-appropriate grammar and/or sentence structure. Receptive language refers to understanding of language. Children who have difficulty with receptive language may struggle to understand vocabulary, follow directions, and answer questions. Speech Therapists can also provide support of you have concerns around vocal quality, stuttering, social/play skill, and more. WE'RE HERE FOR YOU Speech therapy for kids can be thought of as intensive speech and language practice, tailored to the specific speech disorder that your child has. Speech therapy for children differs from speech therapy for adults in practice, but the principle remains the same. The treatment for your child will depend heavily on the condition, but all treatments have two things in common: repetition and home practice. It takes practice to overcome each speech disorder, and constant repetition will be key to developing the proper speech habits in toddlers, kids, and adults alike. Pediatric speech therapy treatments include one-on-one sessions that focus on forming commonly mispronounced, interjected, or blocked sounds and words, which will address your child’s speech disorder directly. It is also a great idea to practice the methods taught by the SLP with your child in your spare time, as the more time spent addressing what you and your speech therapist are working on, the more likely your kid will be to overcome the disorder. In the long-term, overcoming a speech disorder can lead to less feelings of embarrassment and frustration, as well as a greater sense of confidence within your kid. Communicating with peers will be much easier, and can have a positive impact on both their personal and professional lives. How Does Speech Therapy for Toddlers Help? How Does A Speech Therapist Evaluate A Toddler? A speech therapist might evaluate a toddler in a few different ways and it depends on what the focus of the evaluation is. For example, if a child has been referred due to concerns about their language development and meeting certain language milestones, a speech therapist’s evaluation might look like this: An interview with the parent/caregiver: This interview may involve getting a background on the child, such as their developmental history. Some questions that might be asked may concern the child’s health history (i.e. Is there a history of chronic ear infections?), their birth history (i.e. Was the child premature/was there a low birth weight?), family history (i.e. Is there a history of language disorders within the family?) Observation of the child: Some speech therapists might want to see the child in their natural environment. In a school/daycare setting, the speech therapist might observe the child interacting with their peers. With one-on-one therapy, they might observe how the child interacts with their parent/caregiver or even siblings if they are present. A formal assessment: If concerns are raised for the speech therapist, they may follow up with a formal assessment that is norm-based. READY TO START? When Should You Start Speech Therapy for a Toddler? When it comes to your child and speech disorders, identifying problems early is crucial. The longer a kid continues with speech issues, the harder it will be to break these habits. Ages 0-4 are arguably the most formative years when it comes to speech therapy in children, and consulting with a speech pathologist for children can help you confidently identify if your kid needs speech therapy during this formative time. Contact an online speech therapist today to discuss the best course of action for your child, and the proper treatment to overcome their specific speech disorder. 150+ Licensed and Experienced Therapists Our speech therapists are all licensed and certified, with ~10 years of experience. We cover every state in the USA. We offer speech therapy services for children and adults. Why Choose Better Speech? No more "pediatric speech therapists near me" searches, and no more long drives to see a specialist. A speech therapist is ready to provide your kid with their first speech therapy session as early as tomorrow, and we have the most experienced and compassionate team in the industry. With over 150 online speech therapists ready to help your child, there is no waiting needed to get started. Better Speech speech therapists have delivered thousands of online speech therapy sessions for children over their years of employment at Better Speech. Each of our employees are state certified, and trained to handle the delicate situations that come with the frustrations from children enrolled in speech therapy. If you are looking for an online speech therapist that truly cares about your kid’s progress in speech therapy, you’ve found the right place! WHAT WE OFFER How Do We Compare to Others? The most affordable option. You can use insurance, FSA/HSA, Medicare Advantage Early intervention is key. Avoid waitlist - start as early at tomorrow. No need to commute in traffic or wait in waitrooms. Get therapy from home on your your phone or computer. Pick a time that works for you - any day including evenings and weekends Get faster results with unlimited speech practices between sessions. Equally effective as in-person therapy according to academic research WHY PEOPLE LOVE US Our Shining Testimonials It's really convenient, easy and affordable. My son speech really got better. We have seen our son just explode in terms of speech, language and confidence. It gets our highest recommendation! I love the flexibility of the online schedule. Also with insurance, it was a fraction of the cost of a clinic, I wish I have tried Better Speech sooner.
Snap swabs are moistened with a buffer that aids in the removal of any biological material (ATP) on either wet or dry surfaces, while also penetrating through any biofilm to expose underlying cells. The ATP from microbiological cells, in addition to free ATP from any food residue, is collected from the sample surface with the swab, and is then available to react with the unique liquid-stable reagent contained in the device. This reagent is derived from a naturally-occurring enzyme (called luciferase) found in fireflies. When this enzyme reacts with ATP on the swab, a low-level of light is produced that can be detected and quantified by the luminometer. The amount of light detected is directly proportional to the amount of ATP on the sample, thus giving a quantitative measure of the cleanliness of the surface where the sample was taken.
- Get Involved - Regional Checklists - Image Gallery - What's New? Attributes of Polythrix mexicanus Polythrix mexicanus H.A. Freeman, 1969 Identification: Hindwings have long tails. Wings are brown; forewing with 2 submarginal spots near the rear of the wing. Underside of forewing has a dark brown spot near the base. Males have a costal fold enclosing scent scales on the leading edge of the forewing. Wing Span: 1 3/8 - 1 5/8 inches (3.5 - 4.1 cm). Life History: Adults perch upside down on the undersides of leaves. Caterpillars live in leaf shelters and feed on leaves. Flight: Many broods from April-October in Mexico; June-July and October in South Texas. Caterpillar Hosts: Tree legumes Amerimnon and Ichtyomenthia. Adult Food: Flower nectar. Habitat: Shady subtropical forest. Range: Peru north to Mexico. Strays north to the lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas. Conservation: Not necessary for rare stray. NCGR: G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. Management Needs: None reported.
Iraq Developments Through World War II Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook Natural seepage aroused an early interest in Iraq's oil potential. After the discovery of oil at Baku (in what is now the Soviet Union, on the west side of the Caspian Sea) in the 1870s, foreign groups began seeking concessions for exploration in Iran and in the area of the Ottoman Empire that became Iraq after World War I. The Anglo-Persian Oil Company (later renamed the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and still later British Petroleum) was granted a concession in Iran and discovered oil in 1908. Shortly before World War I, the British government purchased majority ownership of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. The discovery of oil in Iran stimulated greater interest in potential Iraqi oil resources, and financial groups from several major nations engaged in protracted negotiations and in considerable intrigue with the Ottoman Empire in order to obtain concessions to explore for oil in Mosul and in Kirkuk, two locations in what later was north-central Iraq. Although a few concessions were granted prior to World War I, little surveying or exploration was done. Data as of May 1988 NOTE: The information regarding Iraq on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies and the CIA World Factbook. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Iraq Developments Through World War II information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Iraq Developments Through World War II should be addressed to the Library of Congress and the CIA.
A meeting with the president. A bomb threat that evacuated his plane. An FBI campaign to destroy his credibility: Fifty years ago this week, Martin Luther King, Jr. had a lot on his plate. But the biggest thing, gaining steam as he watched, was now beyond his power to shape. In early 1964, legislation that King had worked for, to desegregate daily life in America, was finally about to march through Congress. As President Lyndon B. Johnson and legislators maneuvered in the coming months, King watched from outside. And King made sure that they could watch him, leading protests, speaking about the bill, getting arrested, and spotlighting inequity to keep up pressure for congressional action. For years now King holidays have provided Americans moments of reflection and service (or just a day off work). This year’s isn’t just any King holiday. It marks a half-century since the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the first of the sweeping federal statutes to make the movement’s values the law of the land. The act, signed into law on July 2, made it illegal to segregate public accommodations like hotels, theaters and lunch counters, and it outlawed discrimination in most employment. It also set the stage for the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The environment King helped create – especially the riveting spectacle of the March on Washington in August 1963 – had set the stage. After the march and the protests in Birmingham, Ala., a groundswell of public support moved the bill forward, said Vicki Crawford, director of the King Collection at Morehouse College, where King got his sociology degree. But where 1963 was about potent symbolism and appeals to conscience, 1964 was largely about insider politics and the mechanics of congressional power. And, as Crawford said, “The thing about the Civil Rights Act is, (King) wasn’t a legislator.” Even if King had wanted to lobby Congress, he wouldn’t have helped with the conservative white legislators that needed to be swayed, said David Garrow, author of the history “Bearing the Cross.” In any case, Garrow said in an interview, “It's not like King has any time on his hands to think about: What can I do to help the bill get through?” The assassination of John F. Kennedy in November 1963, just months after King electrified much of the nation with his “I Have a Dream” speech, brought fear that the civil rights bill, already on shaky ground, would founder. But addressing the nation after the assassination, President Johnson painted the bill as Kennedy’s legacy, and it caught fire. During winter recess, many congressmen saw that the bill had their voters’ support. When they came back to work in January, the committee chairman from Virginia who was holding the act prisoner in the House had to loosen his clutches and let it go to debate, where it soon passed that chamber. At the same time, the FBI working overtime to destroy King’s legacy. Fearing that he was influenced by communists, the bureau had started bugging his rooms and telephones. In January, agents recorded King in a sexual indiscretion at Washington’s Willard Hotel and determined to “reduce him completely in influence,” according to the history “Pillar of Fire” by Taylor Branch. FBI director J. Edgar Hoover had his staff bypass Attorney General Robert Kennedy, who might have warned King, and show the report directly to President Johnson. But if Hoover wanted the tape to offend a president, he picked the wrong president. Instead of disowning King, three days later Johnson summoned King and some colleagues to a private sit-down, and the White House announced the invitation to reporters. A group led by Georgia’s Richard B. Russell fought and stalled the bill in the Senate. King gave sermons at his home base in Atlanta, spoke at protest meetings across the South, and flew across the country to raise money. King tried to vacation in Hawaii, monitored by a five-man FBI surveillance team. As Russell’s forces filibustered the bill for two months, King told colleagues he might go on a fast to create pressure for its passage, Garrow wrote. With summer approaching, protests in St. Augustine, Fla., took center stage in the movement. King was in St. Augustine the day the Senate finally voted to end the filibuster, June 10. That evening, he led a protest, and the next day, he decided to get arrested by asking to be served at a segregated motel restaurant and refusing to leave. Three weeks later, when the Civil Rights Act was signed on July 2, the restaurant owner who had called the police on King now told the press that he and other businessmen had voted to abide by the law. (He subsequently zig-zagged under threats from the Klan, and the restaurant was firebombed). When the act became law, King “rejoiced with the rest of us,” Joseph Lowery, who co-founded the SCLC with King, said in an interview. (Lowery, by the way, suggests the FBI fabricated the Willard Hotel scene.) There were pockets of resistance, but the part of the law governing access to public accommodations was surprisingly effective right away, Lowery said. A year later the employment provisions took effect, and gradually came to have an even greater impact, Garrow said. Larry Spruill, now a professor of history at Morehouse, was a teenager in 1964, growing up poor in New York. “The issue of segregation in hotels or restaurants – that is not the real power of the act. The power of the act is that it really was the federal government being forced to get deeply involved in the issue of civil rights,” Spruill said. “Now you had government and law on your side.” He added, “My family goes back to the 1760s in North Carolina. But I am the first college graduate. And that is a result of the civil rights movement. The Civil Rights Act says segregation is formally illegal nationwide.”
Students will learn sight words “were” and “into” through this flip book with fill-in-the-blanks to make the story personal! These two focus sight words are incorporated in Book W: “Where Were You?” to give the student an opportunity to explore prepositions and tense, as well as the use of a variety of punctuation marks. Students can illustrate each page with their own drawings, or they can cut and paste photos on each page then fill in the blanks to match. Along with easy-to-follow dotted sentences, this easy sight word flip books teach one-to-one correspondence as well as connect word identification to the student’s own world. After finishing each book, students can read by themselves or with help from a more proficient reader. The possibilities are endless for these printable sight word books! Students will love the chance to share this personalized reader with parents and friends. With space to either glue photos or to illustrate their own, this sight word reader helps students to understand the function of everyday items. Lead your preschooler through 2nd grade students through this sight word book where illustrations and sentences come alive! In this leveled sight word book, you will find: Focus sight words: were, into Sight Words used: were, you, me, I, went, into, the, go, next New Words: where, they, asked, said, did, last, home Next leveled sight word book in this series: “Here and There” Preceding leveled sight word book in this series: “What Happens Next?” Printing Instructions: Print single-sided (black and white will use less color ink!) Binding Instructions: After filling out and completing each page as desired, cut out each page and staple on the left.
The vast majority of dental pain and infections can be prevented. In addition to regular brushing and flossing, the best way to prevent dental emergencies is through regular check-ups. Depending on your risk for the dental disease this may be every 3, 6 or 12 months. During these visits, your mouth, gums and each one of your teeth will be carefully examined to ensure that they stay nice and healthy. However, if there are problems present we will then be able to identify these issues early in the disease process before they start to cause you pain. More importantly, early identification of problems will ensure that we are able to treat any issues with greater ease and simplicity. Your dentist may also recommend dental x-rays and/or professional teeth clean to aid in preventing disease, moreover, we will identify and discuss any risk factors that may be putting you at greater risk of dental problems in the future. Dental X – Rays Dental X – Rays (radiographs) of the back teeth should be taken every two to three years to help your dentist asses these teeth and find decay that has formed, especially in between teeth where it is difficult to inspect and visualize during your routine examination. These radiographs also allow the dentist to check the integrity of existing fillings and ensure that any problems are identified early, which will usually minimise the amount or extent of treatment that is required. A professional clean, also known as a scale and clean, is performed to remove plaque and tartar that is unable to be removed with normal brushing. If not removed regularly, this plaque and tartar can greatly increase your risk of both dental decay and gum disease. During the clean, any staining can also be removed to make your teeth sparkly white once again. Fissure sealants are a hard protective coating that is placed to cover and protect the deep grooves (fissure) in our teeth and prevent dental decay. These fissures are most commonly located at the chewing surface of the back teeth and are at high risk for decay as they can be difficult to clean properly because these fissures are often very deep and narrow. Bacteria that become trapped in the fissures produces acids that can go on to cause decay in these areas. When these grooves are sealed, the risk for dental decay can be markedly decreased making them especially useful in children’s teeth. Tooth Mousse and Tooth Mousse Plus contain a specially formulized milk protein that is designed to penetrate the teeth and make them more resistant to decay and less sensitive to hot and cold drinks. Using Tooth Mousse and Tooth Mousse Plus can also help reverse the early effects of decay, potentially avoiding the need for filings! But this relies on early identification and treatment.
My Voice, Our Equal Future. Girls are leaders. Girls are change-makers. Girls are driving good and growth around the world and technology is a crucial tool to support their work, activism and leadership (UN Women) Yet, the path to girls’ digital equality is steep. A massive gap in internet use spanning geographies and generations has grown from 11 per cent in 2013 to 17 per cent six years later. In more than two thirds of all countries, girls make up only 15 percent of graduates in STEM subjects – science, technology, engineering and math. Aware of this gap, Loreto Vietnam have designed and implemented science education projects to change the mindset that science is abstract and complex and prove that these are relevant, practical, and necessary topics to bring to our school girls. Recently, Loreto Vietnam have been pioneering the introduction of STEM programs in schools to help underrepresented and under-resourced students advance in these essential areas of study, inspiring the next generation of great leaders, thinkers, and creators in An Giang. More than 2,000 primary students and 150 teachers in 4 primary schools participated in the fair, excited, and curious to learn, practice, and create their own STEM products. An important figure for Loreto Vietnam is that 2/3 of the “young scientists” from the 4 STEM clubs in these schools are girls. To To, a Year-5 student who demonstrated her excellent solar energy fan project, said, “I’m so proud that our girls can learn well science and be great innovators. Living in a land full of sunlight, I dream of being a scientist or inventor creating more solar energy-oriented projects to support local people”. Doesn’t she sound amazing? Together, let us ensure that girls play their full part in the digital generation to design and secure our common future.
WATCH YOUR WASTELINE THIS NATIONAL LEFTOVERS DAY! National Leftovers Day occurs on the 26th of December and is an event encouraging Australians to love their leftovers and reduce food waste during the festive season and all year round. For many people, Christmas is a time for food, celebrations and more food! With a little planning and some food saving tips under your belt, that extra piece of Christmas pudding or turkey leg doesn’t need to go to waste. Check out our handy hints for reducing food waste below… Happy Holidays and remember to WATCH YOUR WASTELINE! This is a NSW EPA Waste Less Recycle More Initiative funded from the waste levy
A database is in third normal form if it satisfies the following conditions: By transitive functional dependency, we mean we have the following relationships in the table: A is functionally dependent on B, and B is functionally dependent on C. In this case, C is transitively dependent on A via B. Consider the following example: In the table able, [Book ID] determines [Genre ID], and [Genre ID] determines [Genre Type]. Therefore, [Book ID] determines [Genre Type] via [Genre ID] and we have transitive functional dependency, and this structure does not satisfy third normal form. To bring this table to third normal form, we split the table into two as follows: Now all non-key attributes are fully functional dependent only on the primary key. In [TABLE_BOOK], both [Genre ID] and [Price] are only dependent on [Book ID]. In [TABLE_GENRE], [Genre Type] is only dependent on [Genre ID]. Return to Database Normalization Other Normal Forms: First Normal Form Second Normal Form
Leading you to an educated decision. EMI / RFI - Shielding Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is electrical noise which creates a disturbance or undesired response in circuits, equipment, or systems. EMI is a generalization of an older term, radio-frequency interference (RFI). Many types of electrical circuits are susceptible to EMI/RFI and must be shielded to ensure proper performance. Shielding is the use of materials to reduce radiated EMI/RFI by reflection and/or absorption. Shielding should be placed where it best causes an abrupt discontinuity in the path of electromagnetic waves. Shielding effectiveness and performance is a function of the properties and configuration of the shielding materials, the frequency and the distance from the source to the shield.
Esl Worksheets For Beginners Printable. If you want to download you have to send your. Free printable worksheets for english as a second language students and teachers. Let your students test their spelling on elementary vocabulary. Welcome to esl printables, the website where english language teachers exchange resources: A simple worksheet for drillings. The Books Are Being Released Under Creative Commons License 3.0, So You Are Free To Make Photocopies Or Even Upload Them To Your Own Web Site As Long As You Give Credit To Their. Having a short worksheet time during. On this page, you can find many printable esl worksheets on many topics for english language learners and teachers. Each worksheet has at least 20 blanks. A Simple Worksheet For Drillings. Grammar worksheets esl, printable exercises pdf, handouts, free resources to print and use in your classroom esl worksheets for adults, volume 1: Esl worksheets for adults, volume 1: The topics covered include verb tenses. Worksheets Are A Very Important Part Of Learning English. Esl worksheets for adults, volume 1: Esl simply means “english as a second language”. My free esl worksheets for beginners (and beyond) book. However, Esl Worksheets For Young Learners Rarely Cater To The Capable Adult, Which Is Why We Have Compiled A List Of Our Exclusive Esl Worksheets For Adults. Hen students must connect the word to the correct food picture. The majority of the exercises are appropriate for beginner and intermediate students and serve as a great review for advanced students. Esl worksheets for beginners and elementary. Watch Our Video About Free Printable Esl Worksheets For Beginners: Printable worksheets for esl kids. A selection of 130 vocabulary quizzes based on idioms, sayings, phrasal verbs and slang. To complete this worksheet, students must unscramble the letters to make a food word.
Follow the link for reading support: Why is Homework Important? It supports class learning; Develops life skills of preparation, meeting deadlines, personal organisation and self discipline; - Make time to do your homework. - Find a quiet place free of distractions to do your homework. - Make it a habit. - Treat yourself when you have completed it.
Emerald Robinson: Hi! My name is Emerald Robinson and in this What Is video we are going to try to determine what exactly defines a river. A river is a natural stream of fresh water that has a current and moves toward another body of water such as an ocean, lake, or another river. Rivers can be of different sizes and local terms can cause the actual definition of a river to be vague. What one person calls a river another might term a brook, a real, or a creek. A river's origin is called its source. Since rivers flow downhill sources are usually high in the mountains where water comes from snow melt or an underground spring. A river flows between its side or banks in what's called a channel. The channel increases its size as the river gains water from other smaller streams or tributaries. A river's journey ends when it meets a lake or the sea at a point called its mouth. Rivers play an enormous role in shaping the earth through erosion creating geological formations such as canyons. Rivers create as well as destroy. A river's mouth is often clogged by silt and dirt that has been carried down the river's path. This sometimes forms a land mass called a delta. Although there is a little disagreement among geographers it's generally accepted that the world's longest river is Egypt's Nile River which stretches over 4000 miles from Lake Victoria in Central Africa to the Mediterranean Sea. The biggest river though is unquestionably the Amazon River located in South America. Although it's not as quite as long as the Nile, it carries almost 20% of the world's fresh water in its bed as it flows from its source in Andes mountain of Peru to its mouth on the Atlantic ocean.
Literally translated as Newborn Sun is a festival celebrated from the winter solstice on 21st of December until the first full moon. According to ancient Turkish belief, day and night fights and the day wins the fight on 21st of December. It heralds the longer days, warm season and awakening of the nature. On this festival, a white pine tree which symbolizes the life is decorated, presents put under and pieces of cloths tied to its branches for wishes. Winter solstice is celebrated in Sumeria, Rome and Ancient Greece which symbolizes the victory of day over night and hope for the future. White pine tree symbolizes the tree of life. It is believed that the tree of life connected the earth and the sky, elixir of life flowed through its roots and their branches reached to sun and moon. It is depicted as motif on rugs.