idx int64 1 56k | question stringlengths 15 155 | answer stringlengths 2 29.2k ⌀ | question_cut stringlengths 15 100 | answer_cut stringlengths 2 200 ⌀ | conversation stringlengths 47 29.3k | conversation_cut stringlengths 47 301 |
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2,901 | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval? | This is partly a response to @Sashikanth Dareddy (since it will not fit in a comment) and partly a response to the original post.
Remember what a prediction interval is, it is an interval or set of values where we predict that future observations will lie. Generally the prediction interval has 2 main pieces that deter... | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval? | This is partly a response to @Sashikanth Dareddy (since it will not fit in a comment) and partly a response to the original post.
Remember what a prediction interval is, it is an interval or set of va | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval?
This is partly a response to @Sashikanth Dareddy (since it will not fit in a comment) and partly a response to the original post.
Remember what a prediction interval is, it is an interval or set of values where we predict that future observations w... | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval?
This is partly a response to @Sashikanth Dareddy (since it will not fit in a comment) and partly a response to the original post.
Remember what a prediction interval is, it is an interval or set of va |
2,902 | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval? | If you use R you can easily produce prediction intervals for the predictions of a random forests regression: Just use the package quantregForest (available at CRAN) and read the paper by N. Meinshausen on how conditional quantiles can be inferred with quantile regression forests and how they can be used to build predic... | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval? | If you use R you can easily produce prediction intervals for the predictions of a random forests regression: Just use the package quantregForest (available at CRAN) and read the paper by N. Meinshause | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval?
If you use R you can easily produce prediction intervals for the predictions of a random forests regression: Just use the package quantregForest (available at CRAN) and read the paper by N. Meinshausen on how conditional quantiles can be inferred w... | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval?
If you use R you can easily produce prediction intervals for the predictions of a random forests regression: Just use the package quantregForest (available at CRAN) and read the paper by N. Meinshause |
2,903 | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval? | I realize this is an old post but I have been running some simulations on this and thought I will share my findings.
@GregSnow made a very detailed post about this but I believe when calculating the interval using predictions from individual trees he was looking at $[ \mu + \sigma, \mu - \sigma]$ which is only a 70% pr... | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval? | I realize this is an old post but I have been running some simulations on this and thought I will share my findings.
@GregSnow made a very detailed post about this but I believe when calculating the i | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval?
I realize this is an old post but I have been running some simulations on this and thought I will share my findings.
@GregSnow made a very detailed post about this but I believe when calculating the interval using predictions from individual trees ... | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval?
I realize this is an old post but I have been running some simulations on this and thought I will share my findings.
@GregSnow made a very detailed post about this but I believe when calculating the i |
2,904 | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval? | This is easy to solve with randomForest.
First let me deal with the regression task (assuming your forest has 1000 trees).
In the predict function, you have the option to return results from individual trees. This means that you will receive 1000 column output. We can take the average of the 1000 columns for each row -... | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval? | This is easy to solve with randomForest.
First let me deal with the regression task (assuming your forest has 1000 trees).
In the predict function, you have the option to return results from individua | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval?
This is easy to solve with randomForest.
First let me deal with the regression task (assuming your forest has 1000 trees).
In the predict function, you have the option to return results from individual trees. This means that you will receive 1000 c... | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval?
This is easy to solve with randomForest.
First let me deal with the regression task (assuming your forest has 1000 trees).
In the predict function, you have the option to return results from individua |
2,905 | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval? | The problem of constructing prediction intervals for random forest predictions has been addressed in the following paper:
Zhang, Haozhe, Joshua Zimmerman, Dan Nettleton, and Daniel J. Nordman. "Random Forest Prediction Intervals." The American Statistician,2019.
The R package "rfinterval" is its implementation availab... | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval? | The problem of constructing prediction intervals for random forest predictions has been addressed in the following paper:
Zhang, Haozhe, Joshua Zimmerman, Dan Nettleton, and Daniel J. Nordman. "Random | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval?
The problem of constructing prediction intervals for random forest predictions has been addressed in the following paper:
Zhang, Haozhe, Joshua Zimmerman, Dan Nettleton, and Daniel J. Nordman. "Random Forest Prediction Intervals." The American Stat... | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval?
The problem of constructing prediction intervals for random forest predictions has been addressed in the following paper:
Zhang, Haozhe, Joshua Zimmerman, Dan Nettleton, and Daniel J. Nordman. "Random |
2,906 | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval? | I've tried some options (this all WIP):
I actually made the dependent variable a classification problem with the results as ranges, instead of a single value. The results I got were poor, compared to using a plain value. I gave up this approach.
I then converted it to multiple classification problems, each of which w... | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval? | I've tried some options (this all WIP):
I actually made the dependent variable a classification problem with the results as ranges, instead of a single value. The results I got were poor, compared t | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval?
I've tried some options (this all WIP):
I actually made the dependent variable a classification problem with the results as ranges, instead of a single value. The results I got were poor, compared to using a plain value. I gave up this approach.
... | Do the predictions of a Random Forest model have a prediction interval?
I've tried some options (this all WIP):
I actually made the dependent variable a classification problem with the results as ranges, instead of a single value. The results I got were poor, compared t |
2,907 | How can an artificial neural network ANN, be used for unsupervised clustering? | Neural networks are widely used in unsupervised learning in order to learn better representations of the input data. For example, given a set of text documents, NN can learn a mapping from document to real-valued vector in such a way that resulting vectors are similar for documents with similar content, i.e. distance p... | How can an artificial neural network ANN, be used for unsupervised clustering? | Neural networks are widely used in unsupervised learning in order to learn better representations of the input data. For example, given a set of text documents, NN can learn a mapping from document to | How can an artificial neural network ANN, be used for unsupervised clustering?
Neural networks are widely used in unsupervised learning in order to learn better representations of the input data. For example, given a set of text documents, NN can learn a mapping from document to real-valued vector in such a way that re... | How can an artificial neural network ANN, be used for unsupervised clustering?
Neural networks are widely used in unsupervised learning in order to learn better representations of the input data. For example, given a set of text documents, NN can learn a mapping from document to |
2,908 | How can an artificial neural network ANN, be used for unsupervised clustering? | You want to look into self-organizing maps. Kohonen (who invented them) wrote a book about them. There are packages for this in R (som, kohonen), and there are implementations in other languages such as MATLAB. | How can an artificial neural network ANN, be used for unsupervised clustering? | You want to look into self-organizing maps. Kohonen (who invented them) wrote a book about them. There are packages for this in R (som, kohonen), and there are implementations in other languages suc | How can an artificial neural network ANN, be used for unsupervised clustering?
You want to look into self-organizing maps. Kohonen (who invented them) wrote a book about them. There are packages for this in R (som, kohonen), and there are implementations in other languages such as MATLAB. | How can an artificial neural network ANN, be used for unsupervised clustering?
You want to look into self-organizing maps. Kohonen (who invented them) wrote a book about them. There are packages for this in R (som, kohonen), and there are implementations in other languages suc |
2,909 | How can an artificial neural network ANN, be used for unsupervised clustering? | Maybe the Clustering with Neural Network and Index (CNNI) model is what you are looking for.
https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/ejxm6
CNNI uses a Neural Network to cluster data points. Training of the Neural Network mimics supervised learning, with an internal clustering evaluation index acting as the loss function. It su... | How can an artificial neural network ANN, be used for unsupervised clustering? | Maybe the Clustering with Neural Network and Index (CNNI) model is what you are looking for.
https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/ejxm6
CNNI uses a Neural Network to cluster data points. Training of the Ne | How can an artificial neural network ANN, be used for unsupervised clustering?
Maybe the Clustering with Neural Network and Index (CNNI) model is what you are looking for.
https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/ejxm6
CNNI uses a Neural Network to cluster data points. Training of the Neural Network mimics supervised learning, ... | How can an artificial neural network ANN, be used for unsupervised clustering?
Maybe the Clustering with Neural Network and Index (CNNI) model is what you are looking for.
https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/ejxm6
CNNI uses a Neural Network to cluster data points. Training of the Ne |
2,910 | What makes the Gaussian kernel so magical for PCA, and also in general? | I think the key to the magic is smoothness. My long answer which follows
is simply to explain about this smoothness. It may or may not be an answer you expect.
Short answer:
Given a positive definite kernel $k$, there exists its corresponding
space of functions $\mathcal{H}$. Properties of functions are determined
by t... | What makes the Gaussian kernel so magical for PCA, and also in general? | I think the key to the magic is smoothness. My long answer which follows
is simply to explain about this smoothness. It may or may not be an answer you expect.
Short answer:
Given a positive definite | What makes the Gaussian kernel so magical for PCA, and also in general?
I think the key to the magic is smoothness. My long answer which follows
is simply to explain about this smoothness. It may or may not be an answer you expect.
Short answer:
Given a positive definite kernel $k$, there exists its corresponding
space... | What makes the Gaussian kernel so magical for PCA, and also in general?
I think the key to the magic is smoothness. My long answer which follows
is simply to explain about this smoothness. It may or may not be an answer you expect.
Short answer:
Given a positive definite |
2,911 | What makes the Gaussian kernel so magical for PCA, and also in general? | I will do my best to answer this question not because I'm an expert on the topic (quite the opposite), but because I'm curious about the field and the topic, combined with an idea that it could be a good educational experience. Anyway, here's the result of my brief amateur research on the subject.
TL;DR: I would consid... | What makes the Gaussian kernel so magical for PCA, and also in general? | I will do my best to answer this question not because I'm an expert on the topic (quite the opposite), but because I'm curious about the field and the topic, combined with an idea that it could be a g | What makes the Gaussian kernel so magical for PCA, and also in general?
I will do my best to answer this question not because I'm an expert on the topic (quite the opposite), but because I'm curious about the field and the topic, combined with an idea that it could be a good educational experience. Anyway, here's the r... | What makes the Gaussian kernel so magical for PCA, and also in general?
I will do my best to answer this question not because I'm an expert on the topic (quite the opposite), but because I'm curious about the field and the topic, combined with an idea that it could be a g |
2,912 | What makes the Gaussian kernel so magical for PCA, and also in general? | Let me put in my two cents.
The way I think about Gaussian kernels are as nearest-neighbor classifiers in some sense. What a Gaussian kernel does is that it represents each point with the distance to all the other points in the dataset. Now think of classifiers with linear or polynomial boundaries, the boundaries are ... | What makes the Gaussian kernel so magical for PCA, and also in general? | Let me put in my two cents.
The way I think about Gaussian kernels are as nearest-neighbor classifiers in some sense. What a Gaussian kernel does is that it represents each point with the distance to | What makes the Gaussian kernel so magical for PCA, and also in general?
Let me put in my two cents.
The way I think about Gaussian kernels are as nearest-neighbor classifiers in some sense. What a Gaussian kernel does is that it represents each point with the distance to all the other points in the dataset. Now think ... | What makes the Gaussian kernel so magical for PCA, and also in general?
Let me put in my two cents.
The way I think about Gaussian kernels are as nearest-neighbor classifiers in some sense. What a Gaussian kernel does is that it represents each point with the distance to |
2,913 | What makes the Gaussian kernel so magical for PCA, and also in general? | The reason is that the VC dimension for Gaussian kernels is infinite, and thus, given the correct values for the parameters (sigma), they can classify an arbitrarily large number of samples correctly.
RBFs work well because they ensure that the matrix $K(x_{i},x_{j})$ is full rank. The idea is that $K(x_{i},x_{i}) > 0$... | What makes the Gaussian kernel so magical for PCA, and also in general? | The reason is that the VC dimension for Gaussian kernels is infinite, and thus, given the correct values for the parameters (sigma), they can classify an arbitrarily large number of samples correctly. | What makes the Gaussian kernel so magical for PCA, and also in general?
The reason is that the VC dimension for Gaussian kernels is infinite, and thus, given the correct values for the parameters (sigma), they can classify an arbitrarily large number of samples correctly.
RBFs work well because they ensure that the mat... | What makes the Gaussian kernel so magical for PCA, and also in general?
The reason is that the VC dimension for Gaussian kernels is infinite, and thus, given the correct values for the parameters (sigma), they can classify an arbitrarily large number of samples correctly. |
2,914 | Maximum likelihood method vs. least squares method | I'd like to provide a straightforward answer.
What is the main difference between maximum likelihood estimation
(MLE) vs. least squares estimation (LSE) ?
As @TrynnaDoStat commented, minimizing squared error is equivalent to maximizing the likelihood in this case. As said in Wikipedia,
In a linear model, if the erro... | Maximum likelihood method vs. least squares method | I'd like to provide a straightforward answer.
What is the main difference between maximum likelihood estimation
(MLE) vs. least squares estimation (LSE) ?
As @TrynnaDoStat commented, minimizing squa | Maximum likelihood method vs. least squares method
I'd like to provide a straightforward answer.
What is the main difference between maximum likelihood estimation
(MLE) vs. least squares estimation (LSE) ?
As @TrynnaDoStat commented, minimizing squared error is equivalent to maximizing the likelihood in this case. As... | Maximum likelihood method vs. least squares method
I'd like to provide a straightforward answer.
What is the main difference between maximum likelihood estimation
(MLE) vs. least squares estimation (LSE) ?
As @TrynnaDoStat commented, minimizing squa |
2,915 | Maximum likelihood method vs. least squares method | ML is a higher set of estimators which includes least absolute deviations ($L_1$-Norm) and least squares ($L_2$-Norm). Under the hood of ML the estimators share a wide range of common properties like the (sadly) non-existent break point. In fact you can use the ML approach as a substitute to optimize a lot of things in... | Maximum likelihood method vs. least squares method | ML is a higher set of estimators which includes least absolute deviations ($L_1$-Norm) and least squares ($L_2$-Norm). Under the hood of ML the estimators share a wide range of common properties like | Maximum likelihood method vs. least squares method
ML is a higher set of estimators which includes least absolute deviations ($L_1$-Norm) and least squares ($L_2$-Norm). Under the hood of ML the estimators share a wide range of common properties like the (sadly) non-existent break point. In fact you can use the ML appr... | Maximum likelihood method vs. least squares method
ML is a higher set of estimators which includes least absolute deviations ($L_1$-Norm) and least squares ($L_2$-Norm). Under the hood of ML the estimators share a wide range of common properties like |
2,916 | Maximum likelihood method vs. least squares method | Let's derive the equivalence through the Bayesian/PGM approach.
Here is the Bayesian network of linear regression:
We can factorize the joint distribution according to the above graph $\mathcal{G'}$:
$$P(y, w, X) = P(y|w, X)P(w)P(X)$$
Since the $P(X)$ is fixed we obtain this:
$$P(y, w, X) \propto P(y|w, X)P(w)$$
Since... | Maximum likelihood method vs. least squares method | Let's derive the equivalence through the Bayesian/PGM approach.
Here is the Bayesian network of linear regression:
We can factorize the joint distribution according to the above graph $\mathcal{G'}$: | Maximum likelihood method vs. least squares method
Let's derive the equivalence through the Bayesian/PGM approach.
Here is the Bayesian network of linear regression:
We can factorize the joint distribution according to the above graph $\mathcal{G'}$:
$$P(y, w, X) = P(y|w, X)P(w)P(X)$$
Since the $P(X)$ is fixed we obta... | Maximum likelihood method vs. least squares method
Let's derive the equivalence through the Bayesian/PGM approach.
Here is the Bayesian network of linear regression:
We can factorize the joint distribution according to the above graph $\mathcal{G'}$: |
2,917 | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style | Aha, excellent question!!
I would also have naively proposed an S-shaped logisitic curve, but this is obviously a poor fit. As far as I know, the constant increase is an approximation because YouTube counts the unique views (one per IP address), so there cannot be more views than computers.
We could use an epidemiologi... | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style | Aha, excellent question!!
I would also have naively proposed an S-shaped logisitic curve, but this is obviously a poor fit. As far as I know, the constant increase is an approximation because YouTube | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style
Aha, excellent question!!
I would also have naively proposed an S-shaped logisitic curve, but this is obviously a poor fit. As far as I know, the constant increase is an approximation because YouTube counts the unique views (one per IP address), so there can... | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style
Aha, excellent question!!
I would also have naively proposed an S-shaped logisitic curve, but this is obviously a poor fit. As far as I know, the constant increase is an approximation because YouTube |
2,918 | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style | Probably the most common model for forecasting new product adoption is the Bass diffusion model, which - similar to @gui11aume's answer - models interactions between current and potential users. New product adoption is a pretty hot topic in forecasting, searching for this term should yield tons of info (which I unfortu... | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style | Probably the most common model for forecasting new product adoption is the Bass diffusion model, which - similar to @gui11aume's answer - models interactions between current and potential users. New p | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style
Probably the most common model for forecasting new product adoption is the Bass diffusion model, which - similar to @gui11aume's answer - models interactions between current and potential users. New product adoption is a pretty hot topic in forecasting, sear... | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style
Probably the most common model for forecasting new product adoption is the Bass diffusion model, which - similar to @gui11aume's answer - models interactions between current and potential users. New p |
2,919 | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style | I think you need to separate phenomena like Gangnam Style, which owes much of it's views to being a meme/viral thing, from Justin Bieber and Eminem, who are big artists in their own right and who also would spread widely in a traditional setting - JB or Eminem would sell a lot of singles too, I'm not sure that PSY woul... | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style | I think you need to separate phenomena like Gangnam Style, which owes much of it's views to being a meme/viral thing, from Justin Bieber and Eminem, who are big artists in their own right and who also | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style
I think you need to separate phenomena like Gangnam Style, which owes much of it's views to being a meme/viral thing, from Justin Bieber and Eminem, who are big artists in their own right and who also would spread widely in a traditional setting - JB or Emin... | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style
I think you need to separate phenomena like Gangnam Style, which owes much of it's views to being a meme/viral thing, from Justin Bieber and Eminem, who are big artists in their own right and who also |
2,920 | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style | I would look at the Gompertz growth curve.
The Gompertz curve is a 3-parameter (a,b,c) double-exponential formula with time, T, as an independent variable.
R code:
gompertz_growth <- function(a=a,b=b,c=c, t) { a*exp(b*exp(c*t)) }
Gompertz growth formula is known to be good at describing many life-cycle phenomena where... | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style | I would look at the Gompertz growth curve.
The Gompertz curve is a 3-parameter (a,b,c) double-exponential formula with time, T, as an independent variable.
R code:
gompertz_growth <- function(a=a,b=b, | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style
I would look at the Gompertz growth curve.
The Gompertz curve is a 3-parameter (a,b,c) double-exponential formula with time, T, as an independent variable.
R code:
gompertz_growth <- function(a=a,b=b,c=c, t) { a*exp(b*exp(c*t)) }
Gompertz growth formula is ... | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style
I would look at the Gompertz growth curve.
The Gompertz curve is a 3-parameter (a,b,c) double-exponential formula with time, T, as an independent variable.
R code:
gompertz_growth <- function(a=a,b=b, |
2,921 | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style | OK guys, we need some stylised facts about the diffusion of youtube videos, which turn out to suggest patterns rather different from the usual product diffusion literature. Good place to start is
Meeyoung Cha, Haewoon Kwak, Pablo Rodriguez, Yong-Yeol Ahn, and Sue Moon, 2007, I Tube, You Tube, Everybody Tubes: Analyzin... | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style | OK guys, we need some stylised facts about the diffusion of youtube videos, which turn out to suggest patterns rather different from the usual product diffusion literature. Good place to start is
Mee | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style
OK guys, we need some stylised facts about the diffusion of youtube videos, which turn out to suggest patterns rather different from the usual product diffusion literature. Good place to start is
Meeyoung Cha, Haewoon Kwak, Pablo Rodriguez, Yong-Yeol Ahn, a... | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style
OK guys, we need some stylised facts about the diffusion of youtube videos, which turn out to suggest patterns rather different from the usual product diffusion literature. Good place to start is
Mee |
2,922 | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style | The model is obviously not perfect, and could be complemented in many
sound ways. This very rough sketch predicts a billion views somewhere
around March 2013, let's see...
Looking at the slowdown in views over the past week, the Mar-13 date looks like a decent bet. The majority of the new views appear to be alread... | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style | The model is obviously not perfect, and could be complemented in many
sound ways. This very rough sketch predicts a billion views somewhere
around March 2013, let's see...
Looking at the slowdown | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style
The model is obviously not perfect, and could be complemented in many
sound ways. This very rough sketch predicts a billion views somewhere
around March 2013, let's see...
Looking at the slowdown in views over the past week, the Mar-13 date looks like a... | Model for predicting number of Youtube views of Gangnam Style
The model is obviously not perfect, and could be complemented in many
sound ways. This very rough sketch predicts a billion views somewhere
around March 2013, let's see...
Looking at the slowdown |
2,923 | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | Because correlation is a mathematical property of multivariate distributions, some insight can be had purely through calculations, regardless of the statistical genesis of those distributions.
For the Pearson correlations, consider multinormal variables $X$, $Y$, $Z$. These are useful to work with because any non-nega... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | Because correlation is a mathematical property of multivariate distributions, some insight can be had purely through calculations, regardless of the statistical genesis of those distributions.
For the | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
Because correlation is a mathematical property of multivariate distributions, some insight can be had purely through calculations, regardless of the statistical genesis of those distributions.
For the Pearson correlations, consider multinorma... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
Because correlation is a mathematical property of multivariate distributions, some insight can be had purely through calculations, regardless of the statistical genesis of those distributions.
For the |
2,924 | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | I'm on an annual fishing trip right now. There is a correlation between the time of day I fish and the amount of fish I catch. There is also a correlation between the size of the bait I use and the amount of fish I catch. There is no correlation between the size of the bait and the time of day. | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | I'm on an annual fishing trip right now. There is a correlation between the time of day I fish and the amount of fish I catch. There is also a correlation between the size of the bait I use and the | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
I'm on an annual fishing trip right now. There is a correlation between the time of day I fish and the amount of fish I catch. There is also a correlation between the size of the bait I use and the amount of fish I catch. There is no corre... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
I'm on an annual fishing trip right now. There is a correlation between the time of day I fish and the amount of fish I catch. There is also a correlation between the size of the bait I use and the |
2,925 | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | As an add-on to whuber's answer: The presented formula
$1 + 2 \rho \sigma \tau - \left(\rho^2 + \sigma^2 + \tau^2\right) \ge 0$.
can be transformed into following inequality (Olkin, 1981):
$\sigma\tau - \sqrt{(1-\sigma^2)(1-\tau^2)} \le \rho \le \sigma\tau + \sqrt{(1-\sigma^2)(1-\tau^2)}$
A graphical representation of... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | As an add-on to whuber's answer: The presented formula
$1 + 2 \rho \sigma \tau - \left(\rho^2 + \sigma^2 + \tau^2\right) \ge 0$.
can be transformed into following inequality (Olkin, 1981):
$\sigma\ta | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
As an add-on to whuber's answer: The presented formula
$1 + 2 \rho \sigma \tau - \left(\rho^2 + \sigma^2 + \tau^2\right) \ge 0$.
can be transformed into following inequality (Olkin, 1981):
$\sigma\tau - \sqrt{(1-\sigma^2)(1-\tau^2)} \le \rho... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
As an add-on to whuber's answer: The presented formula
$1 + 2 \rho \sigma \tau - \left(\rho^2 + \sigma^2 + \tau^2\right) \ge 0$.
can be transformed into following inequality (Olkin, 1981):
$\sigma\ta |
2,926 | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | Correlation is the cosine of the angle between two vectors. In the situation described, (A,B,C) is a triple of observations, made n times, each observation being a real number. The correlation between A and B is the cosine of the angle between $V_A=A-E(A)$ and $V_B=B-E(B)$ as measured in n-dimensional euclidean space. ... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | Correlation is the cosine of the angle between two vectors. In the situation described, (A,B,C) is a triple of observations, made n times, each observation being a real number. The correlation between | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
Correlation is the cosine of the angle between two vectors. In the situation described, (A,B,C) is a triple of observations, made n times, each observation being a real number. The correlation between A and B is the cosine of the angle betwee... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
Correlation is the cosine of the angle between two vectors. In the situation described, (A,B,C) is a triple of observations, made n times, each observation being a real number. The correlation between |
2,927 | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | I think it's better to ask "why SHOULD they be correlated?" or, perhaps "Why should have any particular correlation?"
The following R code shows a case where x1 and x2 are both correlated with Y, but have 0 correlation with each other
x1 <- rnorm(100)
x2 <- rnorm(100)
y <- 3*x1 + 2*x2 + rnorm(100, 0, .3)
... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | I think it's better to ask "why SHOULD they be correlated?" or, perhaps "Why should have any particular correlation?"
The following R code shows a case where x1 and x2 are both correlated with Y, but | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
I think it's better to ask "why SHOULD they be correlated?" or, perhaps "Why should have any particular correlation?"
The following R code shows a case where x1 and x2 are both correlated with Y, but have 0 correlation with each other
x1 ... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
I think it's better to ask "why SHOULD they be correlated?" or, perhaps "Why should have any particular correlation?"
The following R code shows a case where x1 and x2 are both correlated with Y, but |
2,928 | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | I will leave the statistical demonstration to those who are better suited than me for it... but intuitively say that event A generates a process X that contributes to the generation of event C. Then A is correlated to C (through X). B, on the other hand generates Y, that also shapes C. Therefore A is correlated to C, B... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | I will leave the statistical demonstration to those who are better suited than me for it... but intuitively say that event A generates a process X that contributes to the generation of event C. Then A | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
I will leave the statistical demonstration to those who are better suited than me for it... but intuitively say that event A generates a process X that contributes to the generation of event C. Then A is correlated to C (through X). B, on the... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
I will leave the statistical demonstration to those who are better suited than me for it... but intuitively say that event A generates a process X that contributes to the generation of event C. Then A |
2,929 | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | For those who want some intuition, a correlation can be seen as a cosine of some angle. So, consider three vectors in 3D, let say A, B, and C, each corresponding to one variable. The question is to determine the range of possible angles between A and C when the angle between A and B as well as the angle between B et C ... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | For those who want some intuition, a correlation can be seen as a cosine of some angle. So, consider three vectors in 3D, let say A, B, and C, each corresponding to one variable. The question is to de | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
For those who want some intuition, a correlation can be seen as a cosine of some angle. So, consider three vectors in 3D, let say A, B, and C, each corresponding to one variable. The question is to determine the range of possible angles betwe... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
For those who want some intuition, a correlation can be seen as a cosine of some angle. So, consider three vectors in 3D, let say A, B, and C, each corresponding to one variable. The question is to de |
2,930 | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | Lets take one example:
A={x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8,x9}
B={x1,x2,x3,0,0,0,0,0,0}
C={0,0,0,x4,x5,x6,0,0,0}
For some x, A and B will have significant correlation, similarly A and C will also have significant correlation but correlation of B and C won't be significant.
So, It's not necessarily true that if A and B corre... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | Lets take one example:
A={x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8,x9}
B={x1,x2,x3,0,0,0,0,0,0}
C={0,0,0,x4,x5,x6,0,0,0}
For some x, A and B will have significant correlation, similarly A and C will also have signi | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
Lets take one example:
A={x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8,x9}
B={x1,x2,x3,0,0,0,0,0,0}
C={0,0,0,x4,x5,x6,0,0,0}
For some x, A and B will have significant correlation, similarly A and C will also have significant correlation but correlation of B an... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
Lets take one example:
A={x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8,x9}
B={x1,x2,x3,0,0,0,0,0,0}
C={0,0,0,x4,x5,x6,0,0,0}
For some x, A and B will have significant correlation, similarly A and C will also have signi |
2,931 | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | Because correlation is not the same as causation.
If A has a causal effect on B (resulting in a positive correlation between A and B), and B has a causal effect on C (resulting in a positive correlation between B and C), then A has a causal effect on C via B (and there will be a positive correlation between A and C).
Y... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated? | Because correlation is not the same as causation.
If A has a causal effect on B (resulting in a positive correlation between A and B), and B has a causal effect on C (resulting in a positive correlati | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
Because correlation is not the same as causation.
If A has a causal effect on B (resulting in a positive correlation between A and B), and B has a causal effect on C (resulting in a positive correlation between B and C), then A has a causal e... | If A and B are correlated with C, why are A and B not necessarily correlated?
Because correlation is not the same as causation.
If A has a causal effect on B (resulting in a positive correlation between A and B), and B has a causal effect on C (resulting in a positive correlati |
2,932 | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | Probability spaces and Kolmogorov's axioms
A probability space $\mathcal{P}$ is by definition a tripple $(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mathbb{P} )$ where $\Omega$ is a set of outcomes, $\mathcal{F}$ is a $\sigma$-algebra on the subsets of $\Omega$ and $\mathbb{P}$ is a probability-measure that fulfills the axioms of Kolmogoro... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | Probability spaces and Kolmogorov's axioms
A probability space $\mathcal{P}$ is by definition a tripple $(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mathbb{P} )$ where $\Omega$ is a set of outcomes, $\mathcal{F}$ is a $\s | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
Probability spaces and Kolmogorov's axioms
A probability space $\mathcal{P}$ is by definition a tripple $(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mathbb{P} )$ where $\Omega$ is a set of outcomes, $\mathcal{F}$ is a $\sigma$-algebra on the subsets of $\Omega$ and $... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
Probability spaces and Kolmogorov's axioms
A probability space $\mathcal{P}$ is by definition a tripple $(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mathbb{P} )$ where $\Omega$ is a set of outcomes, $\mathcal{F}$ is a $\s |
2,933 | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | Stats is not Math
First, I steal @whuber's words from a comment in Stats is not maths? (applied in a different context, so I'm stealing words, not citing):
If you were to replace "statistics" by "chemistry," "economics," "engineering," or any other field that employs mathematics (such as home economics), it appears n... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | Stats is not Math
First, I steal @whuber's words from a comment in Stats is not maths? (applied in a different context, so I'm stealing words, not citing):
If you were to replace "statistics" by "ch | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
Stats is not Math
First, I steal @whuber's words from a comment in Stats is not maths? (applied in a different context, so I'm stealing words, not citing):
If you were to replace "statistics" by "chemistry," "economics," "engineering," or any o... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
Stats is not Math
First, I steal @whuber's words from a comment in Stats is not maths? (applied in a different context, so I'm stealing words, not citing):
If you were to replace "statistics" by "ch |
2,934 | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | The mathematical basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate is very simple. In Bayesian statistics the unknown parameter is treated as a random variable; in frequentist statistics it is treated as a fixed element. Since a random variable is a much more complicated mathematical object than a simple element of the set... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | The mathematical basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate is very simple. In Bayesian statistics the unknown parameter is treated as a random variable; in frequentist statistics it is treated as | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
The mathematical basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate is very simple. In Bayesian statistics the unknown parameter is treated as a random variable; in frequentist statistics it is treated as a fixed element. Since a random variable is a ... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
The mathematical basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate is very simple. In Bayesian statistics the unknown parameter is treated as a random variable; in frequentist statistics it is treated as |
2,935 | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | I don't like philosophy, but I do like math, and I want to work
exclusively within the framework of Kolmogorov's axioms.
How exactly would you apply Kolmogorov's axioms alone without any interpretation? How would you interpret probability? What would you say to someone who asked you "What does your estimate of proba... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | I don't like philosophy, but I do like math, and I want to work
exclusively within the framework of Kolmogorov's axioms.
How exactly would you apply Kolmogorov's axioms alone without any interpreta | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
I don't like philosophy, but I do like math, and I want to work
exclusively within the framework of Kolmogorov's axioms.
How exactly would you apply Kolmogorov's axioms alone without any interpretation? How would you interpret probability? Wha... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
I don't like philosophy, but I do like math, and I want to work
exclusively within the framework of Kolmogorov's axioms.
How exactly would you apply Kolmogorov's axioms alone without any interpreta |
2,936 | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | My view of the contrast between Bayesian and frequentist inference is that the first issue is the choice of the event for which you want a probability. Frequentists assume what you are trying to prove (e.g., a null hypothesis) then compute the probability of observing something that you already observed, under that as... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | My view of the contrast between Bayesian and frequentist inference is that the first issue is the choice of the event for which you want a probability. Frequentists assume what you are trying to prov | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
My view of the contrast between Bayesian and frequentist inference is that the first issue is the choice of the event for which you want a probability. Frequentists assume what you are trying to prove (e.g., a null hypothesis) then compute the p... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
My view of the contrast between Bayesian and frequentist inference is that the first issue is the choice of the event for which you want a probability. Frequentists assume what you are trying to prov |
2,937 | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | I will break this up into two separate questions and answer each.
1.) Given the different philosophical views of what probability means
in a Frequentist and Bayesian perspective, are there mathematical rules of probability that apply to one interpretation and do not apply to another?
No. The rules of probability remai... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | I will break this up into two separate questions and answer each.
1.) Given the different philosophical views of what probability means
in a Frequentist and Bayesian perspective, are there mathematic | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
I will break this up into two separate questions and answer each.
1.) Given the different philosophical views of what probability means
in a Frequentist and Bayesian perspective, are there mathematical rules of probability that apply to one inte... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
I will break this up into two separate questions and answer each.
1.) Given the different philosophical views of what probability means
in a Frequentist and Bayesian perspective, are there mathematic |
2,938 | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | Bayesians and Frequentists think probabilities represent different things. Frequentists think they're related to frequencies and only make sense in contexts where frequencies are possible. Bayesians view them as ways to represent uncertainty. Since any fact can be uncertain, you can talk about the probability of any... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | Bayesians and Frequentists think probabilities represent different things. Frequentists think they're related to frequencies and only make sense in contexts where frequencies are possible. Bayesians | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
Bayesians and Frequentists think probabilities represent different things. Frequentists think they're related to frequencies and only make sense in contexts where frequencies are possible. Bayesians view them as ways to represent uncertainty. ... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
Bayesians and Frequentists think probabilities represent different things. Frequentists think they're related to frequencies and only make sense in contexts where frequencies are possible. Bayesians |
2,939 | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | Question: Then if we want to be mathematically correct, shouldn't we disallow any interpretation of probability? I.e., are both Bayesian and frequentism mathematically incorrect?
Yes, and this is exactly what people do both in Philosophy of Science and in Mathematics.
Philosophical approach. Wikipedia provides a comp... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | Question: Then if we want to be mathematically correct, shouldn't we disallow any interpretation of probability? I.e., are both Bayesian and frequentism mathematically incorrect?
Yes, and this is exa | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
Question: Then if we want to be mathematically correct, shouldn't we disallow any interpretation of probability? I.e., are both Bayesian and frequentism mathematically incorrect?
Yes, and this is exactly what people do both in Philosophy of Scie... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
Question: Then if we want to be mathematically correct, shouldn't we disallow any interpretation of probability? I.e., are both Bayesian and frequentism mathematically incorrect?
Yes, and this is exa |
2,940 | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | The bayes/frequentist debate is based on numerous grounds. If you are talking about mathematical basis, I don't think there is much.
They both need to apply various approximate methods for complex problems. Two examples are "bootstrap" for frequentist and "mcmc" for bayesian.
They both come with rituals/procedures for ... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | The bayes/frequentist debate is based on numerous grounds. If you are talking about mathematical basis, I don't think there is much.
They both need to apply various approximate methods for complex pro | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
The bayes/frequentist debate is based on numerous grounds. If you are talking about mathematical basis, I don't think there is much.
They both need to apply various approximate methods for complex problems. Two examples are "bootstrap" for freque... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
The bayes/frequentist debate is based on numerous grounds. If you are talking about mathematical basis, I don't think there is much.
They both need to apply various approximate methods for complex pro |
2,941 | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | So then wouldn't it follow that the only mathematically correct version of statistics is that which refuses to be anything but entirely agnostic with respect to Bayesianism and frequentism? If methods with both classifications are mathematically correct, then isn't it improper practice to prefer some over the others, b... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | So then wouldn't it follow that the only mathematically correct version of statistics is that which refuses to be anything but entirely agnostic with respect to Bayesianism and frequentism? If methods | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
So then wouldn't it follow that the only mathematically correct version of statistics is that which refuses to be anything but entirely agnostic with respect to Bayesianism and frequentism? If methods with both classifications are mathematically ... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
So then wouldn't it follow that the only mathematically correct version of statistics is that which refuses to be anything but entirely agnostic with respect to Bayesianism and frequentism? If methods |
2,942 | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | The following is taken from my manuscript on confidence distributions - Johnson, Geoffrey S. "Decision Making in Drug Development via Confidence Distributions." arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.04721 (2020).
In the Bayesian framework the population-level parameter of interest is considered an unrealized or unobservable realiz... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate? | The following is taken from my manuscript on confidence distributions - Johnson, Geoffrey S. "Decision Making in Drug Development via Confidence Distributions." arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.04721 (2020). | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
The following is taken from my manuscript on confidence distributions - Johnson, Geoffrey S. "Decision Making in Drug Development via Confidence Distributions." arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.04721 (2020).
In the Bayesian framework the population-leve... | Is there any *mathematical* basis for the Bayesian vs frequentist debate?
The following is taken from my manuscript on confidence distributions - Johnson, Geoffrey S. "Decision Making in Drug Development via Confidence Distributions." arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.04721 (2020). |
2,943 | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | NOTE: This answer is old, incomplete, and thoroughly out of date. Its was only debatably correct when it was posted in 2014, and I'm not really sure how it got so many upvotes or how it became the accepted answer. I recommend this answer instead, written by an expert in the field (and with significantly more upvotes). ... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | NOTE: This answer is old, incomplete, and thoroughly out of date. Its was only debatably correct when it was posted in 2014, and I'm not really sure how it got so many upvotes or how it became the acc | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
NOTE: This answer is old, incomplete, and thoroughly out of date. Its was only debatably correct when it was posted in 2014, and I'm not really sure how it got so many upvotes or how it became the accepted answer. I recommend this answer instead, written by an expert in the fiel... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
NOTE: This answer is old, incomplete, and thoroughly out of date. Its was only debatably correct when it was posted in 2014, and I'm not really sure how it got so many upvotes or how it became the acc |
2,944 | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | Hold-out is often used synonymous with validation with independent test set, although there are crucial differences between splitting the data randomly and designing a validation experiment for independent testing.
Independent test sets can be used to measure generalization performance that cannot be measured by resamp... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | Hold-out is often used synonymous with validation with independent test set, although there are crucial differences between splitting the data randomly and designing a validation experiment for indepe | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
Hold-out is often used synonymous with validation with independent test set, although there are crucial differences between splitting the data randomly and designing a validation experiment for independent testing.
Independent test sets can be used to measure generalization perf... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
Hold-out is often used synonymous with validation with independent test set, although there are crucial differences between splitting the data randomly and designing a validation experiment for indepe |
2,945 | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | Just wanted to add some simple guidelines that Andrew Ng mentioned in our CS 229 class at Stanford regarding cross-validation. These are the practices that he follows in his own work.
Let $m$ be the number of samples in your dataset:
If $m\le 20$ use Leave-one-out cross validation.
If $20 < m \le 100$ use k-fold cros... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | Just wanted to add some simple guidelines that Andrew Ng mentioned in our CS 229 class at Stanford regarding cross-validation. These are the practices that he follows in his own work.
Let $m$ be the n | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
Just wanted to add some simple guidelines that Andrew Ng mentioned in our CS 229 class at Stanford regarding cross-validation. These are the practices that he follows in his own work.
Let $m$ be the number of samples in your dataset:
If $m\le 20$ use Leave-one-out cross validat... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
Just wanted to add some simple guidelines that Andrew Ng mentioned in our CS 229 class at Stanford regarding cross-validation. These are the practices that he follows in his own work.
Let $m$ be the n |
2,946 | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | It might be useful to clear up the terminology a little. If we let $k$ be some integer less than (or equal to) $n$ where $n$ is the sample size and we partition the sample into $k$ unique subsamples, then what you are calling Hold-out validation is really just 2-fold ($k$ = 2) cross-validation. Cross-validation is mere... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | It might be useful to clear up the terminology a little. If we let $k$ be some integer less than (or equal to) $n$ where $n$ is the sample size and we partition the sample into $k$ unique subsamples, | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
It might be useful to clear up the terminology a little. If we let $k$ be some integer less than (or equal to) $n$ where $n$ is the sample size and we partition the sample into $k$ unique subsamples, then what you are calling Hold-out validation is really just 2-fold ($k$ = 2) c... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
It might be useful to clear up the terminology a little. If we let $k$ be some integer less than (or equal to) $n$ where $n$ is the sample size and we partition the sample into $k$ unique subsamples, |
2,947 | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | If your model selection & fitting procedure can't be coded up because it's subjective, or partly so,—involving looking at graphs & the like—hold-out validation might be the best you can do. (I suppose you could perhaps use something like Mechanical Turk in each CV fold, though I've never heard of its being done.) | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | If your model selection & fitting procedure can't be coded up because it's subjective, or partly so,—involving looking at graphs & the like—hold-out validation might be the best you can do. (I suppose | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
If your model selection & fitting procedure can't be coded up because it's subjective, or partly so,—involving looking at graphs & the like—hold-out validation might be the best you can do. (I suppose you could perhaps use something like Mechanical Turk in each CV fold, though I... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
If your model selection & fitting procedure can't be coded up because it's subjective, or partly so,—involving looking at graphs & the like—hold-out validation might be the best you can do. (I suppose |
2,948 | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | Short answer:
I would recommend to always use CV with at least $k=5$ for:
complex models
final results that have to adhere validity constraints
You might relax this for:
training on really large datasets
training simple models
prototyping when time is an issue
Some of you mentioned, that programming this in R might... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | Short answer:
I would recommend to always use CV with at least $k=5$ for:
complex models
final results that have to adhere validity constraints
You might relax this for:
training on really large da | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
Short answer:
I would recommend to always use CV with at least $k=5$ for:
complex models
final results that have to adhere validity constraints
You might relax this for:
training on really large datasets
training simple models
prototyping when time is an issue
Some of you me... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
Short answer:
I would recommend to always use CV with at least $k=5$ for:
complex models
final results that have to adhere validity constraints
You might relax this for:
training on really large da |
2,949 | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | All these are useful comments. Just take one more into account. When you have enough data, using Hold-Out is a way to assess a specific model (a specific SVM model, a specific CART model, etc), whereas if you use other cross-validation procedures you are assessing methodologies (under your problem conditions) rather th... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | All these are useful comments. Just take one more into account. When you have enough data, using Hold-Out is a way to assess a specific model (a specific SVM model, a specific CART model, etc), wherea | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
All these are useful comments. Just take one more into account. When you have enough data, using Hold-Out is a way to assess a specific model (a specific SVM model, a specific CART model, etc), whereas if you use other cross-validation procedures you are assessing methodologies ... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
All these are useful comments. Just take one more into account. When you have enough data, using Hold-Out is a way to assess a specific model (a specific SVM model, a specific CART model, etc), wherea |
2,950 | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | Simply put; time. Cross-validation you run the training routine k times (i.e. once for each hold-out set). If you have large data, then you it might take many hours or even days to train the model for just one data set, so you multiply that by k when using cross-validation.
So although cross-validation is the best met... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | Simply put; time. Cross-validation you run the training routine k times (i.e. once for each hold-out set). If you have large data, then you it might take many hours or even days to train the model for | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
Simply put; time. Cross-validation you run the training routine k times (i.e. once for each hold-out set). If you have large data, then you it might take many hours or even days to train the model for just one data set, so you multiply that by k when using cross-validation.
So ... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
Simply put; time. Cross-validation you run the training routine k times (i.e. once for each hold-out set). If you have large data, then you it might take many hours or even days to train the model for |
2,951 | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | Modeling with time serious data is an exception for me. K fold cannot work in some cases when you need to predict the future based on the previous data. The test sets have to be the future data, and you can never touch them in training phase. e.x predicting sell or the stock market. Hold out is useful in those cases. | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | Modeling with time serious data is an exception for me. K fold cannot work in some cases when you need to predict the future based on the previous data. The test sets have to be the future data, and y | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
Modeling with time serious data is an exception for me. K fold cannot work in some cases when you need to predict the future based on the previous data. The test sets have to be the future data, and you can never touch them in training phase. e.x predicting sell or the stock mar... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
Modeling with time serious data is an exception for me. K fold cannot work in some cases when you need to predict the future based on the previous data. The test sets have to be the future data, and y |
2,952 | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | I'm aware this question is old but I landed here from Google anyway and the accepted answer isn't very pleasing as no one needs to programming CV themselves as this is handled by according libraries.
For a good answer first the scope terms must be defined. My answer focuses on machine learning ("classical" as in regres... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | I'm aware this question is old but I landed here from Google anyway and the accepted answer isn't very pleasing as no one needs to programming CV themselves as this is handled by according libraries.
| Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
I'm aware this question is old but I landed here from Google anyway and the accepted answer isn't very pleasing as no one needs to programming CV themselves as this is handled by according libraries.
For a good answer first the scope terms must be defined. My answer focuses on m... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
I'm aware this question is old but I landed here from Google anyway and the accepted answer isn't very pleasing as no one needs to programming CV themselves as this is handled by according libraries.
|
2,953 | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | It should be noted that it's not always possible to apply the cross-validation. Consider the time-dependent datasets such that you want to use the historical data to train a predictive model for the future behaviour. In this case, you have to apply hold-out validation. | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | It should be noted that it's not always possible to apply the cross-validation. Consider the time-dependent datasets such that you want to use the historical data to train a predictive model for the f | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
It should be noted that it's not always possible to apply the cross-validation. Consider the time-dependent datasets such that you want to use the historical data to train a predictive model for the future behaviour. In this case, you have to apply hold-out validation. | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
It should be noted that it's not always possible to apply the cross-validation. Consider the time-dependent datasets such that you want to use the historical data to train a predictive model for the f |
2,954 | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | Imagine you are predicting if a given chemical mixture of two components will explode or not, based on the properties of the two components. A certain component A may appear in diverse observations: you can have it in a mixture of A+B, A+C, A+D, etc. Now, imagine that you use k-fold validation. When the model is predic... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation | Imagine you are predicting if a given chemical mixture of two components will explode or not, based on the properties of the two components. A certain component A may appear in diverse observations: y | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
Imagine you are predicting if a given chemical mixture of two components will explode or not, based on the properties of the two components. A certain component A may appear in diverse observations: you can have it in a mixture of A+B, A+C, A+D, etc. Now, imagine that you use k-... | Hold-out validation vs. cross-validation
Imagine you are predicting if a given chemical mixture of two components will explode or not, based on the properties of the two components. A certain component A may appear in diverse observations: y |
2,955 | Random Forest - How to handle overfitting | To avoid over-fitting in random forest, the main thing you need to do is optimize a tuning parameter that governs the number of features that are randomly chosen to grow each tree from the bootstrapped data. Typically, you do this via $k$-fold cross-validation, where $k \in \{5, 10\}$, and choose the tuning parameter t... | Random Forest - How to handle overfitting | To avoid over-fitting in random forest, the main thing you need to do is optimize a tuning parameter that governs the number of features that are randomly chosen to grow each tree from the bootstrappe | Random Forest - How to handle overfitting
To avoid over-fitting in random forest, the main thing you need to do is optimize a tuning parameter that governs the number of features that are randomly chosen to grow each tree from the bootstrapped data. Typically, you do this via $k$-fold cross-validation, where $k \in \{5... | Random Forest - How to handle overfitting
To avoid over-fitting in random forest, the main thing you need to do is optimize a tuning parameter that governs the number of features that are randomly chosen to grow each tree from the bootstrappe |
2,956 | Random Forest - How to handle overfitting | How are you getting that 99% AUC on your training data? Be aware that there's a difference between
predict(model)
and
predict(model, newdata=train)
when getting predictions for the training dataset. The first option gets the out-of-bag predictions from the random forest. This is generally what you want, when comparin... | Random Forest - How to handle overfitting | How are you getting that 99% AUC on your training data? Be aware that there's a difference between
predict(model)
and
predict(model, newdata=train)
when getting predictions for the training dataset. | Random Forest - How to handle overfitting
How are you getting that 99% AUC on your training data? Be aware that there's a difference between
predict(model)
and
predict(model, newdata=train)
when getting predictions for the training dataset. The first option gets the out-of-bag predictions from the random forest. This... | Random Forest - How to handle overfitting
How are you getting that 99% AUC on your training data? Be aware that there's a difference between
predict(model)
and
predict(model, newdata=train)
when getting predictions for the training dataset. |
2,957 | Random Forest - How to handle overfitting | For decision trees there are two ways of handling overfitting: (a) don't grow the trees to their entirety (b) prune
The same applies to a forest of trees - don't grow them too much and prune.
I don't use randomForest much, but to my knowledge, there are several parameters that you can use to tune your forests:
node... | Random Forest - How to handle overfitting | For decision trees there are two ways of handling overfitting: (a) don't grow the trees to their entirety (b) prune
The same applies to a forest of trees - don't grow them too much and prune.
I don' | Random Forest - How to handle overfitting
For decision trees there are two ways of handling overfitting: (a) don't grow the trees to their entirety (b) prune
The same applies to a forest of trees - don't grow them too much and prune.
I don't use randomForest much, but to my knowledge, there are several parameters tha... | Random Forest - How to handle overfitting
For decision trees there are two ways of handling overfitting: (a) don't grow the trees to their entirety (b) prune
The same applies to a forest of trees - don't grow them too much and prune.
I don' |
2,958 | Random Forest - How to handle overfitting | Try to tune max_depth parameter in ranges of [5, 15] but not more than this because if you take large depth there is a high chance of overfitting. | Random Forest - How to handle overfitting | Try to tune max_depth parameter in ranges of [5, 15] but not more than this because if you take large depth there is a high chance of overfitting. | Random Forest - How to handle overfitting
Try to tune max_depth parameter in ranges of [5, 15] but not more than this because if you take large depth there is a high chance of overfitting. | Random Forest - How to handle overfitting
Try to tune max_depth parameter in ranges of [5, 15] but not more than this because if you take large depth there is a high chance of overfitting. |
2,959 | What's the difference between feed-forward and recurrent neural networks? | Feed-forward ANNs allow signals to travel one way only: from input to output. There are no feedback (loops); i.e., the output of any layer does not affect that same layer. Feed-forward ANNs tend to be straightforward networks that associate inputs with outputs. They are extensively used in pattern recognition. This typ... | What's the difference between feed-forward and recurrent neural networks? | Feed-forward ANNs allow signals to travel one way only: from input to output. There are no feedback (loops); i.e., the output of any layer does not affect that same layer. Feed-forward ANNs tend to be | What's the difference between feed-forward and recurrent neural networks?
Feed-forward ANNs allow signals to travel one way only: from input to output. There are no feedback (loops); i.e., the output of any layer does not affect that same layer. Feed-forward ANNs tend to be straightforward networks that associate input... | What's the difference between feed-forward and recurrent neural networks?
Feed-forward ANNs allow signals to travel one way only: from input to output. There are no feedback (loops); i.e., the output of any layer does not affect that same layer. Feed-forward ANNs tend to be |
2,960 | What's the difference between feed-forward and recurrent neural networks? | What George Dontas writes is correct, however the use of RNNs in practice today is restricted to a simpler class of problems: time series / sequential tasks.
While feedforward networks are used to learn datasets like $(i, t)$ where $i$ and $t$ are vectors, e.g. $i \in \mathcal{R}^n$, for recurrent networks $i$ will alw... | What's the difference between feed-forward and recurrent neural networks? | What George Dontas writes is correct, however the use of RNNs in practice today is restricted to a simpler class of problems: time series / sequential tasks.
While feedforward networks are used to lea | What's the difference between feed-forward and recurrent neural networks?
What George Dontas writes is correct, however the use of RNNs in practice today is restricted to a simpler class of problems: time series / sequential tasks.
While feedforward networks are used to learn datasets like $(i, t)$ where $i$ and $t$ ar... | What's the difference between feed-forward and recurrent neural networks?
What George Dontas writes is correct, however the use of RNNs in practice today is restricted to a simpler class of problems: time series / sequential tasks.
While feedforward networks are used to lea |
2,961 | What's the difference between feed-forward and recurrent neural networks? | What is really interesting in asking this question?
Instead of saying RNN and FNN is different in their name. So they are different., I think what is more interesting is in terms of modeling dynamical system, does RNN differ much from FNN?
Background
There has been a debate for modeling dynamical system between Recurre... | What's the difference between feed-forward and recurrent neural networks? | What is really interesting in asking this question?
Instead of saying RNN and FNN is different in their name. So they are different., I think what is more interesting is in terms of modeling dynamical | What's the difference between feed-forward and recurrent neural networks?
What is really interesting in asking this question?
Instead of saying RNN and FNN is different in their name. So they are different., I think what is more interesting is in terms of modeling dynamical system, does RNN differ much from FNN?
Backgr... | What's the difference between feed-forward and recurrent neural networks?
What is really interesting in asking this question?
Instead of saying RNN and FNN is different in their name. So they are different., I think what is more interesting is in terms of modeling dynamical |
2,962 | A psychology journal banned p-values and confidence intervals; is it indeed wise to stop using them? | The first sentence of the current 2015 editorial to which the OP links, reads:
The Basic and Applied Social Psychology (BASP) 2014 Editorial
*emphasized* that the null hypothesis significance testing procedure
(NHSTP) is invalid...
(my emphasis)
In other words, for the editors it is an already proven scientific... | A psychology journal banned p-values and confidence intervals; is it indeed wise to stop using them? | The first sentence of the current 2015 editorial to which the OP links, reads:
The Basic and Applied Social Psychology (BASP) 2014 Editorial
*emphasized* that the null hypothesis significance testi | A psychology journal banned p-values and confidence intervals; is it indeed wise to stop using them?
The first sentence of the current 2015 editorial to which the OP links, reads:
The Basic and Applied Social Psychology (BASP) 2014 Editorial
*emphasized* that the null hypothesis significance testing procedure
(NHS... | A psychology journal banned p-values and confidence intervals; is it indeed wise to stop using them?
The first sentence of the current 2015 editorial to which the OP links, reads:
The Basic and Applied Social Psychology (BASP) 2014 Editorial
*emphasized* that the null hypothesis significance testi |
2,963 | A psychology journal banned p-values and confidence intervals; is it indeed wise to stop using them? | I feel that banning hypothesis tests is a great idea except for a select few "existence" hypotheses, e.g. testing the null hypothesis that there is not extra-sensory perception where all one would need to demonstrate to have evidence that ESP exists is non-randomness. But I think the journal missed the point that the ... | A psychology journal banned p-values and confidence intervals; is it indeed wise to stop using them? | I feel that banning hypothesis tests is a great idea except for a select few "existence" hypotheses, e.g. testing the null hypothesis that there is not extra-sensory perception where all one would nee | A psychology journal banned p-values and confidence intervals; is it indeed wise to stop using them?
I feel that banning hypothesis tests is a great idea except for a select few "existence" hypotheses, e.g. testing the null hypothesis that there is not extra-sensory perception where all one would need to demonstrate to... | A psychology journal banned p-values and confidence intervals; is it indeed wise to stop using them?
I feel that banning hypothesis tests is a great idea except for a select few "existence" hypotheses, e.g. testing the null hypothesis that there is not extra-sensory perception where all one would nee |
2,964 | A psychology journal banned p-values and confidence intervals; is it indeed wise to stop using them? | I see this approach as an attempt to address the inability of social psychology to replicate many previously published 'significant findings.'
Its disadvantages are:
that it doesn't address many of the factors leading to spurious effects. E.g.,
A) People can still peek at their data and stop running their studies ... | A psychology journal banned p-values and confidence intervals; is it indeed wise to stop using them? | I see this approach as an attempt to address the inability of social psychology to replicate many previously published 'significant findings.'
Its disadvantages are:
that it doesn't address many of | A psychology journal banned p-values and confidence intervals; is it indeed wise to stop using them?
I see this approach as an attempt to address the inability of social psychology to replicate many previously published 'significant findings.'
Its disadvantages are:
that it doesn't address many of the factors leading... | A psychology journal banned p-values and confidence intervals; is it indeed wise to stop using them?
I see this approach as an attempt to address the inability of social psychology to replicate many previously published 'significant findings.'
Its disadvantages are:
that it doesn't address many of |
2,965 | A psychology journal banned p-values and confidence intervals; is it indeed wise to stop using them? | I came across a wonderful quote that almost argues for the same point, but not quite -- since it is an opening paragraph in a textbook that is mostly about frequentist statistics and hypothesis testing.
It is widely held by non-statisticians, like the author, that if you do good experiments statistics are not necessar... | A psychology journal banned p-values and confidence intervals; is it indeed wise to stop using them? | I came across a wonderful quote that almost argues for the same point, but not quite -- since it is an opening paragraph in a textbook that is mostly about frequentist statistics and hypothesis testin | A psychology journal banned p-values and confidence intervals; is it indeed wise to stop using them?
I came across a wonderful quote that almost argues for the same point, but not quite -- since it is an opening paragraph in a textbook that is mostly about frequentist statistics and hypothesis testing.
It is widely he... | A psychology journal banned p-values and confidence intervals; is it indeed wise to stop using them?
I came across a wonderful quote that almost argues for the same point, but not quite -- since it is an opening paragraph in a textbook that is mostly about frequentist statistics and hypothesis testin |
2,966 | How to statistically compare two time series? | As others have stated, you need to have a common frequency of measurement (i.e. the time between observations). With that in place I would identify a common model that would reasonably describe each series separately. This might be an ARIMA model or a multiply-trended Regression Model with possible Level Shifts or a c... | How to statistically compare two time series? | As others have stated, you need to have a common frequency of measurement (i.e. the time between observations). With that in place I would identify a common model that would reasonably describe each s | How to statistically compare two time series?
As others have stated, you need to have a common frequency of measurement (i.e. the time between observations). With that in place I would identify a common model that would reasonably describe each series separately. This might be an ARIMA model or a multiply-trended Regr... | How to statistically compare two time series?
As others have stated, you need to have a common frequency of measurement (i.e. the time between observations). With that in place I would identify a common model that would reasonably describe each s |
2,967 | How to statistically compare two time series? | Consider the grangertest() in the lmtest library.
It is a test to see if one time series is useful in forecasting another.
A couple references to get you started:
https://spia.uga.edu/faculty_pages/monogan/teaching/ts/
https://spia.uga.edu/faculty_pages/monogan/teaching/ts/Kgranger.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran... | How to statistically compare two time series? | Consider the grangertest() in the lmtest library.
It is a test to see if one time series is useful in forecasting another.
A couple references to get you started:
https://spia.uga.edu/faculty_pages/mo | How to statistically compare two time series?
Consider the grangertest() in the lmtest library.
It is a test to see if one time series is useful in forecasting another.
A couple references to get you started:
https://spia.uga.edu/faculty_pages/monogan/teaching/ts/
https://spia.uga.edu/faculty_pages/monogan/teaching/ts/... | How to statistically compare two time series?
Consider the grangertest() in the lmtest library.
It is a test to see if one time series is useful in forecasting another.
A couple references to get you started:
https://spia.uga.edu/faculty_pages/mo |
2,968 | How to statistically compare two time series? | Just came across this. Your first answer us plotting g the two sets the same scale (timewise) to see the differences visually. You have done this and can easily see there are some glaring differences.
The next step is to use simple correlation analysis...and see how well are they related using the correlation coeffici... | How to statistically compare two time series? | Just came across this. Your first answer us plotting g the two sets the same scale (timewise) to see the differences visually. You have done this and can easily see there are some glaring differences. | How to statistically compare two time series?
Just came across this. Your first answer us plotting g the two sets the same scale (timewise) to see the differences visually. You have done this and can easily see there are some glaring differences.
The next step is to use simple correlation analysis...and see how well ar... | How to statistically compare two time series?
Just came across this. Your first answer us plotting g the two sets the same scale (timewise) to see the differences visually. You have done this and can easily see there are some glaring differences. |
2,969 | How to statistically compare two time series? | I want to propose another approach. This is to test whether two time series are the same. This approach is only suitable for infrequently sampled data where autocorrelation is low.
If time series x is the similar to time series y then the variance of x-y should be less than the variance of x. We can test this using a o... | How to statistically compare two time series? | I want to propose another approach. This is to test whether two time series are the same. This approach is only suitable for infrequently sampled data where autocorrelation is low.
If time series x is | How to statistically compare two time series?
I want to propose another approach. This is to test whether two time series are the same. This approach is only suitable for infrequently sampled data where autocorrelation is low.
If time series x is the similar to time series y then the variance of x-y should be less than... | How to statistically compare two time series?
I want to propose another approach. This is to test whether two time series are the same. This approach is only suitable for infrequently sampled data where autocorrelation is low.
If time series x is |
2,970 | How to statistically compare two time series? | Fit a straight line to both the time series signals using polyfit. Then compute root-mean-square-error (RMSE) for both the lines. The obtained value for the red-line would be quite less than the one obtained for gray line.
Also make the readings on some common frequency. | How to statistically compare two time series? | Fit a straight line to both the time series signals using polyfit. Then compute root-mean-square-error (RMSE) for both the lines. The obtained value for the red-line would be quite less than the one o | How to statistically compare two time series?
Fit a straight line to both the time series signals using polyfit. Then compute root-mean-square-error (RMSE) for both the lines. The obtained value for the red-line would be quite less than the one obtained for gray line.
Also make the readings on some common frequency. | How to statistically compare two time series?
Fit a straight line to both the time series signals using polyfit. Then compute root-mean-square-error (RMSE) for both the lines. The obtained value for the red-line would be quite less than the one o |
2,971 | How to statistically compare two time series? | Want to improve this post? Provide detailed answers to this question, including citations and an explanation of why your answer is correct. Answers without enough detail may be edited or deleted.
For question 1, I believe a cluster permutation test w... | How to statistically compare two time series? | Want to improve this post? Provide detailed answers to this question, including citations and an explanation of why your answer is correct. Answers without enough detail may be edited or deleted.
| How to statistically compare two time series?
Want to improve this post? Provide detailed answers to this question, including citations and an explanation of why your answer is correct. Answers without enough detail may be edited or deleted.
For ques... | How to statistically compare two time series?
Want to improve this post? Provide detailed answers to this question, including citations and an explanation of why your answer is correct. Answers without enough detail may be edited or deleted.
|
2,972 | How to split the dataset for cross validation, learning curve, and final evaluation? | I'm not sure what you want to do in step 7a. As I understand it right now, it doesn't make sense to me.
Here's how I understand your description: in step 7, you want to compare the hold-out performance with the results of a cross validation embracing steps 4 - 6. (so yes, that would be a nested setup).
The main point... | How to split the dataset for cross validation, learning curve, and final evaluation? | I'm not sure what you want to do in step 7a. As I understand it right now, it doesn't make sense to me.
Here's how I understand your description: in step 7, you want to compare the hold-out performan | How to split the dataset for cross validation, learning curve, and final evaluation?
I'm not sure what you want to do in step 7a. As I understand it right now, it doesn't make sense to me.
Here's how I understand your description: in step 7, you want to compare the hold-out performance with the results of a cross vali... | How to split the dataset for cross validation, learning curve, and final evaluation?
I'm not sure what you want to do in step 7a. As I understand it right now, it doesn't make sense to me.
Here's how I understand your description: in step 7, you want to compare the hold-out performan |
2,973 | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | I would second @Shane's recommendation for Deducer, and would also recommend the R Commander by John Fox. The CRAN package is here. It's called the R "Commander" because it returns the R commands associated with the point-and-click menu selections, which can be saved and run later from the command prompt.
In this w... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | I would second @Shane's recommendation for Deducer, and would also recommend the R Commander by John Fox. The CRAN package is here. It's called the R "Commander" because it returns the R commands as | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
I would second @Shane's recommendation for Deducer, and would also recommend the R Commander by John Fox. The CRAN package is here. It's called the R "Commander" because it returns the R commands associated with the point-and-click menu select... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
I would second @Shane's recommendation for Deducer, and would also recommend the R Commander by John Fox. The CRAN package is here. It's called the R "Commander" because it returns the R commands as |
2,974 | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | You can also try the brand-new RStudio. Reasonably full-featured IDE with easy set-up. I played with it yesterday and it seems nice.
Update
I now like RStudio even more. They actively implement feature requests, and it shows in the little things getting better and better. It also includes Git support (including rem... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | You can also try the brand-new RStudio. Reasonably full-featured IDE with easy set-up. I played with it yesterday and it seems nice.
Update
I now like RStudio even more. They actively implement fea | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
You can also try the brand-new RStudio. Reasonably full-featured IDE with easy set-up. I played with it yesterday and it seems nice.
Update
I now like RStudio even more. They actively implement feature requests, and it shows in the little thi... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
You can also try the brand-new RStudio. Reasonably full-featured IDE with easy set-up. I played with it yesterday and it seems nice.
Update
I now like RStudio even more. They actively implement fea |
2,975 | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | This has been answered several times on StackOverflow. The top selections on there seem to consistently be Eclipse with StatET or Emacs with ESS.
I wouldn't say that there are any good gui's to make it easier to learn the language. The closest thing would be deducer from Ian Fellows. But there are plenty of other re... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | This has been answered several times on StackOverflow. The top selections on there seem to consistently be Eclipse with StatET or Emacs with ESS.
I wouldn't say that there are any good gui's to make | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
This has been answered several times on StackOverflow. The top selections on there seem to consistently be Eclipse with StatET or Emacs with ESS.
I wouldn't say that there are any good gui's to make it easier to learn the language. The closest... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
This has been answered several times on StackOverflow. The top selections on there seem to consistently be Eclipse with StatET or Emacs with ESS.
I wouldn't say that there are any good gui's to make |
2,976 | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | I think that the command line is the best interface, and especially for the beginners. The sooner you'll start with console, the sooner you'll find out that this is the fastest, the most comfortable and what's most important the only fully non-limiting way of using R. | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | I think that the command line is the best interface, and especially for the beginners. The sooner you'll start with console, the sooner you'll find out that this is the fastest, the most comfortable a | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
I think that the command line is the best interface, and especially for the beginners. The sooner you'll start with console, the sooner you'll find out that this is the fastest, the most comfortable and what's most important the only fully non-l... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
I think that the command line is the best interface, and especially for the beginners. The sooner you'll start with console, the sooner you'll find out that this is the fastest, the most comfortable a |
2,977 | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | At least on linux, RKWard offers the best functionality. The new RStudio appears quite promising as well. | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | At least on linux, RKWard offers the best functionality. The new RStudio appears quite promising as well. | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
At least on linux, RKWard offers the best functionality. The new RStudio appears quite promising as well. | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
At least on linux, RKWard offers the best functionality. The new RStudio appears quite promising as well. |
2,978 | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | Personally ESS, but as stated above i have found Rcmdr very easy to use. | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | Personally ESS, but as stated above i have found Rcmdr very easy to use. | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
Personally ESS, but as stated above i have found Rcmdr very easy to use. | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
Personally ESS, but as stated above i have found Rcmdr very easy to use. |
2,979 | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | I used Rattle to both learn how to use R and for quick and dirty data mining tasks. | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | I used Rattle to both learn how to use R and for quick and dirty data mining tasks. | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
I used Rattle to both learn how to use R and for quick and dirty data mining tasks. | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
I used Rattle to both learn how to use R and for quick and dirty data mining tasks. |
2,980 | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | GUI != Programming
Asking which GUI will help you learn programming is like asking which grocery store will help you learn how to hunt for your own food. Using a GUI is not a way to learn programming.
The power of R is that it's not GUI driven, it uses scripts which fundamentally allow for more more reproducible resu... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | GUI != Programming
Asking which GUI will help you learn programming is like asking which grocery store will help you learn how to hunt for your own food. Using a GUI is not a way to learn programmin | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
GUI != Programming
Asking which GUI will help you learn programming is like asking which grocery store will help you learn how to hunt for your own food. Using a GUI is not a way to learn programming.
The power of R is that it's not GUI driven... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
GUI != Programming
Asking which GUI will help you learn programming is like asking which grocery store will help you learn how to hunt for your own food. Using a GUI is not a way to learn programmin |
2,981 | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | I used JGR for a short while, until it became apparent it would quickly consume all the memory on my system. I have not used it since, and recommend you do not use it. | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | I used JGR for a short while, until it became apparent it would quickly consume all the memory on my system. I have not used it since, and recommend you do not use it. | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
I used JGR for a short while, until it became apparent it would quickly consume all the memory on my system. I have not used it since, and recommend you do not use it. | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
I used JGR for a short while, until it became apparent it would quickly consume all the memory on my system. I have not used it since, and recommend you do not use it. |
2,982 | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | I recommend Tinn-R (Which is the acronym for Tinn is not Notepad) | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | I recommend Tinn-R (Which is the acronym for Tinn is not Notepad) | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
I recommend Tinn-R (Which is the acronym for Tinn is not Notepad) | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
I recommend Tinn-R (Which is the acronym for Tinn is not Notepad) |
2,983 | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | Despite all of the good recommendations, I've not found anything radically better than the default Mac GUI. R-Studio shows promise, but it's not currently that much more customizable or featureful than R and, say, BBEdit to edit. | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | Despite all of the good recommendations, I've not found anything radically better than the default Mac GUI. R-Studio shows promise, but it's not currently that much more customizable or featureful tha | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
Despite all of the good recommendations, I've not found anything radically better than the default Mac GUI. R-Studio shows promise, but it's not currently that much more customizable or featureful than R and, say, BBEdit to edit. | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
Despite all of the good recommendations, I've not found anything radically better than the default Mac GUI. R-Studio shows promise, but it's not currently that much more customizable or featureful tha |
2,984 | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | I would recommend having a look at AirXcell. It's an online (Web 2.0) calculation software based on R which provides a quite usable R GUI with a command line interface (The R console) a code editor, and various other things (data frame editor, etc.), all online from within the web browser.
See Use AirXcell as an onlin... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | I would recommend having a look at AirXcell. It's an online (Web 2.0) calculation software based on R which provides a quite usable R GUI with a command line interface (The R console) a code editor, a | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
I would recommend having a look at AirXcell. It's an online (Web 2.0) calculation software based on R which provides a quite usable R GUI with a command line interface (The R console) a code editor, and various other things (data frame editor, e... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
I would recommend having a look at AirXcell. It's an online (Web 2.0) calculation software based on R which provides a quite usable R GUI with a command line interface (The R console) a code editor, a |
2,985 | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | Having worked with the
(Base) R
RStudio
Revolution R Enterprise
in Windows environment, I strongly suggest "Revolution R Enterprise".
I accept that its installing takes little longer (it is 600-700MB) if compared with BaseR and RStudio, but anyway, the Object Browser of Revo R, the easiness of package instal... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | Having worked with the
(Base) R
RStudio
Revolution R Enterprise
in Windows environment, I strongly suggest "Revolution R Enterprise".
I accept that its installing takes little longer (it is | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
Having worked with the
(Base) R
RStudio
Revolution R Enterprise
in Windows environment, I strongly suggest "Revolution R Enterprise".
I accept that its installing takes little longer (it is 600-700MB) if compared with BaseR and RStudi... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
Having worked with the
(Base) R
RStudio
Revolution R Enterprise
in Windows environment, I strongly suggest "Revolution R Enterprise".
I accept that its installing takes little longer (it is |
2,986 | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | Quadstat is a free browser-based front-end to R and also an open-source statistical web application framework. After submitting a computing query, the user is presented with output from the request and also the R commands used. Prior to submission, the R help file is clearly displayed so that the user may understand so... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | Quadstat is a free browser-based front-end to R and also an open-source statistical web application framework. After submitting a computing query, the user is presented with output from the request an | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
Quadstat is a free browser-based front-end to R and also an open-source statistical web application framework. After submitting a computing query, the user is presented with output from the request and also the R commands used. Prior to submissi... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
Quadstat is a free browser-based front-end to R and also an open-source statistical web application framework. After submitting a computing query, the user is presented with output from the request an |
2,987 | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | If you don't want to code R, but want graphical user interface like SPSS, there is a new cloud based software, Number Analytics (). It is based on cloud so you don't need to install the program. It is freemium model starting free. It is for beginners who don't have much knowledge about statistics. The biggest selling p... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R? | If you don't want to code R, but want graphical user interface like SPSS, there is a new cloud based software, Number Analytics (). It is based on cloud so you don't need to install the program. It is | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
If you don't want to code R, but want graphical user interface like SPSS, there is a new cloud based software, Number Analytics (). It is based on cloud so you don't need to install the program. It is freemium model starting free. It is for begi... | Good GUI for R suitable for a beginner wanting to learn programming in R?
If you don't want to code R, but want graphical user interface like SPSS, there is a new cloud based software, Number Analytics (). It is based on cloud so you don't need to install the program. It is |
2,988 | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | I believe actually the opposite of your conclusion is true. In The Disposable Academic, several pointers are given about the low wage premium in applied math, math, and computer science for PhD holders over master's degree holders. In part, this is because companies are realizing that master's degree holders usually ha... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | I believe actually the opposite of your conclusion is true. In The Disposable Academic, several pointers are given about the low wage premium in applied math, math, and computer science for PhD holder | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
I believe actually the opposite of your conclusion is true. In The Disposable Academic, several pointers are given about the low wage premium in applied math, math, and computer science for PhD holders over master's degree holders. In part, this is because companies are realizi... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
I believe actually the opposite of your conclusion is true. In The Disposable Academic, several pointers are given about the low wage premium in applied math, math, and computer science for PhD holder |
2,989 | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | Disclaimer: I have a Ph.D. and work in machine learning. Having said that, I think other than becoming an academic, you don't need a Ph.D. to work in any field. Getting a Ph.D. helps you develop certain research skills, but
You don't need those research skills for most jobs.
You can acquire those skills without gettin... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | Disclaimer: I have a Ph.D. and work in machine learning. Having said that, I think other than becoming an academic, you don't need a Ph.D. to work in any field. Getting a Ph.D. helps you develop certa | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
Disclaimer: I have a Ph.D. and work in machine learning. Having said that, I think other than becoming an academic, you don't need a Ph.D. to work in any field. Getting a Ph.D. helps you develop certain research skills, but
You don't need those research skills for most jobs.
Y... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
Disclaimer: I have a Ph.D. and work in machine learning. Having said that, I think other than becoming an academic, you don't need a Ph.D. to work in any field. Getting a Ph.D. helps you develop certa |
2,990 | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | Disclaimer: I do not have a PhD in CS, nor do I work in machine learning; I am generalizing from other knowledge and experience.
I think there are several good answers here, but, in my honest opinion, they do not yet quite make the main issue explicit. I will attempt to do so, but recognize that I don't think I'm sa... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | Disclaimer: I do not have a PhD in CS, nor do I work in machine learning; I am generalizing from other knowledge and experience.
I think there are several good answers here, but, in my honest opinio | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
Disclaimer: I do not have a PhD in CS, nor do I work in machine learning; I am generalizing from other knowledge and experience.
I think there are several good answers here, but, in my honest opinion, they do not yet quite make the main issue explicit. I will attempt to do s... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
Disclaimer: I do not have a PhD in CS, nor do I work in machine learning; I am generalizing from other knowledge and experience.
I think there are several good answers here, but, in my honest opinio |
2,991 | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | I agree with most that has been said here, but I want to introduce a few practical issues that arise when applying for jobs in finance. Often you will see ads stating that a PhD in statistics or mathematics is required to apply for a particular trading or quantitative developer position. I know there are some particula... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | I agree with most that has been said here, but I want to introduce a few practical issues that arise when applying for jobs in finance. Often you will see ads stating that a PhD in statistics or mathe | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
I agree with most that has been said here, but I want to introduce a few practical issues that arise when applying for jobs in finance. Often you will see ads stating that a PhD in statistics or mathematics is required to apply for a particular trading or quantitative developer... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
I agree with most that has been said here, but I want to introduce a few practical issues that arise when applying for jobs in finance. Often you will see ads stating that a PhD in statistics or mathe |
2,992 | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | Disclaimer: I'm a recruiter and have been since 1982 so I understand your question very well. Let me break it down this way. Your resume is a screening out device. Companies get tons of resumes so they're reading resumes with one question in mind, "Why don't I want to talk to this person?" That reduces their pile to a ... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | Disclaimer: I'm a recruiter and have been since 1982 so I understand your question very well. Let me break it down this way. Your resume is a screening out device. Companies get tons of resumes so the | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
Disclaimer: I'm a recruiter and have been since 1982 so I understand your question very well. Let me break it down this way. Your resume is a screening out device. Companies get tons of resumes so they're reading resumes with one question in mind, "Why don't I want to talk to t... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
Disclaimer: I'm a recruiter and have been since 1982 so I understand your question very well. Let me break it down this way. Your resume is a screening out device. Companies get tons of resumes so the |
2,993 | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | My 2 cents: No, I don't think so. A PhD per se does not entitle one to be be better for data mining or ML. Take kaggle's own Jeremy Howard. I would even go as far as saying that a PhD says not much about any qualification as there is a huge variability in quality of programs. Perhaps the only thing a PhD proves is for ... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | My 2 cents: No, I don't think so. A PhD per se does not entitle one to be be better for data mining or ML. Take kaggle's own Jeremy Howard. I would even go as far as saying that a PhD says not much ab | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
My 2 cents: No, I don't think so. A PhD per se does not entitle one to be be better for data mining or ML. Take kaggle's own Jeremy Howard. I would even go as far as saying that a PhD says not much about any qualification as there is a huge variability in quality of programs. P... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
My 2 cents: No, I don't think so. A PhD per se does not entitle one to be be better for data mining or ML. Take kaggle's own Jeremy Howard. I would even go as far as saying that a PhD says not much ab |
2,994 | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | Whether a job requires a PhD or not depends on level of responsibility and the perception of the employer and/or his clients. I do not think there is a discipline that requires a PhD. Certainly data mining can be learned and an employee can do productive work without a PhD. This depends more on the person, his or he... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | Whether a job requires a PhD or not depends on level of responsibility and the perception of the employer and/or his clients. I do not think there is a discipline that requires a PhD. Certainly data | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
Whether a job requires a PhD or not depends on level of responsibility and the perception of the employer and/or his clients. I do not think there is a discipline that requires a PhD. Certainly data mining can be learned and an employee can do productive work without a PhD. ... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
Whether a job requires a PhD or not depends on level of responsibility and the perception of the employer and/or his clients. I do not think there is a discipline that requires a PhD. Certainly data |
2,995 | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | I have a masters degree in Applied Statistics and worked in Europe as a Data Miner. When I came to the UK nobody had even heard of data mining let alone studied for such a degree. Now it is common place and employers feel that a Phd is necessary for this job. However, it is the statistical knowledge and the modelling... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | I have a masters degree in Applied Statistics and worked in Europe as a Data Miner. When I came to the UK nobody had even heard of data mining let alone studied for such a degree. Now it is common pl | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
I have a masters degree in Applied Statistics and worked in Europe as a Data Miner. When I came to the UK nobody had even heard of data mining let alone studied for such a degree. Now it is common place and employers feel that a Phd is necessary for this job. However, it is t... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
I have a masters degree in Applied Statistics and worked in Europe as a Data Miner. When I came to the UK nobody had even heard of data mining let alone studied for such a degree. Now it is common pl |
2,996 | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | This totally depends on the job at hand. In my experience (I have a PhD), there are 3 types of jobs. First, as it has been said, most industry jobs these days are oriented towards applied machine learning, i.e. apply-tweak of existing ML algorithms to the domain-specific problem in question. These are by far the most c... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | This totally depends on the job at hand. In my experience (I have a PhD), there are 3 types of jobs. First, as it has been said, most industry jobs these days are oriented towards applied machine lear | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
This totally depends on the job at hand. In my experience (I have a PhD), there are 3 types of jobs. First, as it has been said, most industry jobs these days are oriented towards applied machine learning, i.e. apply-tweak of existing ML algorithms to the domain-specific proble... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
This totally depends on the job at hand. In my experience (I have a PhD), there are 3 types of jobs. First, as it has been said, most industry jobs these days are oriented towards applied machine lear |
2,997 | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | I dont think that Phd is required for any machine learning positions. A good masters and an inquistive mind with mathematical curiosity is all what it needs. A Phd biases your approach towards your specialization which is undesirable. I work on core Machine learning algorithms, and codes most of them in the way i want.... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | I dont think that Phd is required for any machine learning positions. A good masters and an inquistive mind with mathematical curiosity is all what it needs. A Phd biases your approach towards your sp | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
I dont think that Phd is required for any machine learning positions. A good masters and an inquistive mind with mathematical curiosity is all what it needs. A Phd biases your approach towards your specialization which is undesirable. I work on core Machine learning algorithms,... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
I dont think that Phd is required for any machine learning positions. A good masters and an inquistive mind with mathematical curiosity is all what it needs. A Phd biases your approach towards your sp |
2,998 | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | People who look down PhD training either don't know what a PhD means at all, or just intentionally make untrue comments; most masters training cannot compare with PhD training by any means. the intensity and rigor in PhD training requires unimaginable dedication, self-discipline, learning ability under great pressure, ... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD | People who look down PhD training either don't know what a PhD means at all, or just intentionally make untrue comments; most masters training cannot compare with PhD training by any means. the intens | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
People who look down PhD training either don't know what a PhD means at all, or just intentionally make untrue comments; most masters training cannot compare with PhD training by any means. the intensity and rigor in PhD training requires unimaginable dedication, self-disciplin... | Having a job in data-mining without a PhD
People who look down PhD training either don't know what a PhD means at all, or just intentionally make untrue comments; most masters training cannot compare with PhD training by any means. the intens |
2,999 | Which activation function for output layer? | Regression: linear (because values are unbounded)
Classification: softmax (simple sigmoid works too but softmax works better)
Use simple sigmoid only if your output admits multiple "true" answers, for instance, a network that checks for the presence of various objects in an image. In other words, the output is not a p... | Which activation function for output layer? | Regression: linear (because values are unbounded)
Classification: softmax (simple sigmoid works too but softmax works better)
Use simple sigmoid only if your output admits multiple "true" answers, fo | Which activation function for output layer?
Regression: linear (because values are unbounded)
Classification: softmax (simple sigmoid works too but softmax works better)
Use simple sigmoid only if your output admits multiple "true" answers, for instance, a network that checks for the presence of various objects in an ... | Which activation function for output layer?
Regression: linear (because values are unbounded)
Classification: softmax (simple sigmoid works too but softmax works better)
Use simple sigmoid only if your output admits multiple "true" answers, fo |
3,000 | Which activation function for output layer? | I might be late to the party, but it seems that there are some things that need to be cleared out here.
First of all: the activation function $g(x)$ at the output layer often depends on your cost function. This is done to make the derivative $\frac{\partial C}{\partial z}$ of the cost function $C$ with respect to the i... | Which activation function for output layer? | I might be late to the party, but it seems that there are some things that need to be cleared out here.
First of all: the activation function $g(x)$ at the output layer often depends on your cost func | Which activation function for output layer?
I might be late to the party, but it seems that there are some things that need to be cleared out here.
First of all: the activation function $g(x)$ at the output layer often depends on your cost function. This is done to make the derivative $\frac{\partial C}{\partial z}$ of... | Which activation function for output layer?
I might be late to the party, but it seems that there are some things that need to be cleared out here.
First of all: the activation function $g(x)$ at the output layer often depends on your cost func |
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