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###Rationale: Ans. d. Urrets Zavalia syndrome (Ref: style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif">icles/PMC1770988)A fixed dilated pupil following penetrating keratoplasty is a well recognized if rare postoperative complication.The mydriasis following penetrating keratoplasty was fir... | ###Question: Patient with fixed dilated pupil, with iris atrophy and secondary glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty is suggestive of:
###Options:
A. Benedict's syndrome
B. Posner-Shlossman syndrome
C. Kaufmann's syndrome
D. Urrets Zavalia syndrome
| Being a doctor, your task is to answer the medical questions based on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: This is a case of Craniopharyngioma. Benign tumour Arise in sellar/suprasellar region Arise from vestigial remnants of Rathke's pouch Bimodal age distribution Presents with headache and visual disturbance May present with sho stature due to GH deficiency (Pituitary hypofunction). Most commonly due to abno... | ###Question: A 10-year-old male child with sho stature presented to the pediatric OPD with complaints of frequent headaches over the past 6 months along with slowly progressive loss of vision of the right eye. Lately the child has also staed having trouble in walking along with frequent mood changes and excessive thirs... | Being a doctor, your task is to answer the medical questions based on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: A 44-year-old patient comes to his primary care physician complaining of double vision. On examination, he is unable to adduct or abduct his right eye- On further examination, he is also found to be unable to adduct his left eye. The remainder of the physical examination is normal.
which of the following ... | Your role as a doctor requires you to answer the medical questions taking into account the patient's description.
Answer with the best option directly. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. is 'c' i.e., 24 mm o The length of the eyeball is approximately 24 mm, So the distances from the cornea / crystalline lens to the retina and the focal length of optical rays focused by the comea/crystalline lens propagating in the vitreous humor and imaging on the retina, are also about 24 mm.Dimensi... | ###Question: Normal axial length of the eye -
###Options:
A. 18mm
B. 20 mm
C. 24mm
D. 28 mm
| Your identity is a doctor, kindly provide answers to the medical questions with consideration of the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Topical antibiotics such as tobramycin or gentamicin or ciprofloxacin QID for 3 days just before surgery is advisable as prophylaxis against endophthalmitis.Ref: Khurana; 4th edition; Pg- 184
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Best way to prevent infection after cataract surgery is
###Options:
A. Antibiotics
B. Eye brow shaving
C. Through irrigation
D. None of the above
| Your role as a doctor requires you to answer the medical questions taking into account the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Simian virus 40
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: In children which of the following virus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of choroid plexus tumour?
###Options:
A. Simian virus 40
B. HIV
C. Herpes simplex
D. Hepa s B
| You're a doctor, kindly address the medical queries according to the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. is 'c' i.e., UveitisClinical manifestations of Vogt Kavanadi Harada syndromeOccular involvementC.N.S. involvementAuditory manifestationCutaneous manifestationOccular involvementB/L panuveitis ino Meningismuso Hearing losso VitiligoB/L panuveitis inassociation with serouso Headacheo Tinnituso Alopecia... | ###Question: Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome is -
###Options:
A. Cataract
B. C.N.S. tumour
C. Uveitis
D. Polycystic kidney
| Your identity is a doctor, kindly provide answers to the medical questions with consideration of the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. B: It manifests just after bih Keratoconus is frequently due to a congenital weakness of the cornea, though it manifests itself after pubey. However it can occur secondarily following trauma or Down's syndrome. Keratoconus is divided into mild, moderate, and advanced. Mild keratoconus - External and ... | ###Question: True about keratoconus are all of the following except: September 2005
###Options:
A. Can be seen in Down's syndrome
B. It manifests just after bih
C. Munson sign is characteristic
D. Corneal transplantation is needed in severe cases
| Your role as a doctor requires you to answer the medical questions taking into account the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. Central posterior subcapsular lens changes
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: The early changes in coicosteroid-induced cataract are in the form of:
###Options:
A. Central posterior subcapsular lens changes
B. Anterior coical lens changes
C. Nuclear changes
D. Diffuse lens changes
| As a healthcare professional, please evaluate the patient's description and offer your expertise in answering the medical questions.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Most common cause of childhood blindness is vitamin A deficiency Refer: Khurana 6th edition page number 382
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Blindness in child is most commonly due to
###Options:
A. Keratomalacia
B. Congenital cataract
C. Glaucoma
D. Injuries
| Considering your role as a medical practitioner, please use the patient's description to answer the medical questions.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Nearly all patients with neurologic involvement in Wilson disease develop eye lesions called Kayser-Fleischer rings, green to brown depositsof copper in Descemet membrane in the limbus of the cornea.Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation of the ATP7B gene, resulting in impair... | ###Question: In which layer of cornea, copper is deposited to form Kayser-Fleischer ring in Wilsons disease?
###Options:
A. Bowman's layer
B. Corneal stroma
C. Descemet's membrane
D. Corneal endothelium
| In your capacity as a doctor, it is expected that you answer the medical questions relying on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Von Meyenburg Complexes
Close to or within the portal tract, these are small clusters of modestly dilated bile ducts embedded in a fibrous, sometimes hyalinised stroma.
Although these "bile duct microhamartomas" may communicate with the biliary tree, they generally are free of the pigmented material tree... | ###Question: Von-Meyenburg's complexes are seen in -
###Options:
A. Brain
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Spleen
| Being a doctor, your task is to answer the medical questions based on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: This is a case of Niemann-pick disease. 1. Autosomal recessive disease 2. Divided into 2 groups depending on deficiency: - Deficiency of acid sphingomyelinase enzyme- Type A and B Impaired intracellular cholesterol trafficking- Type C and D 3. Normal at bih 4. Presents with hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenop... | ###Question: An 8-month-old child presented with reduced appetite, abdominal distension and pain and psychomotor retardation. The child was normal at bih and both parents are normal. O/E: - Hepatosplenomegaly Moderate lymphadenopathy Abnormal posturing of the limbs, trunk, and face Impaired voluntary rapid eye movement... | Your role as a doctor requires you to answer the medical questions taking into account the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Third nerve palsy can result in ptosis of the eyelid. There is also loss of the ability to open the eye, and the eyeball is deviated outward and slightly downward. With complete lesions, the pupil is dilated, does not react to light, and loses the power of accommodation. In diabetes, the pupil is often sp... | ###Question: A 60-year-old man with diabetes acutely develops double vision and discomfort in his left eye. On examination, there is ptosis of the left eyelid, the eye is rotated down and out, and the pupil is 3 mm and reactive to light. The right eye is normal. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
###O... | Given your background as a doctor, please provide your insight in addressing the medical questions based on the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Pterygium It presents as a triangular fold of conjunctiva encroaching the cornea in the area of the palpebral apeure, usually on the nasal side, but may also occur on the temporal side. Deposition of iron seen sometimes in corneal epithelium anterior to advancing head of the pterygium called as stocker's ... | ###Question: Stocker&;s line is seen in
###Options:
A. Pinguecula
B. Pterygium
C. Congenital ocular melanosis
D. Conjunctival epithelial melanosis
| Considering your role as a medical practitioner, please use the patient's description to answer the medical questions.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. is 'd' i.e., Betaxolol o Among the given options, only betaxolol is 0-1 selective.
###Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Glaucoma drug which is b-1 selectve p-blocker is ?
###Options:
A. Timolol
B. Laevobuno I ol
C. Caeolol
D. Betaxolol
| Given your profession as a doctor, please provide responses to the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: 1. Lids: Ecchymosis, Black eye, avulsion of the lid, traumatic ptosis. 2. Orbit: Fracture of the orbital walls, orbital haemorrhage, orbital emphysemas. 3. Lacrimal apparatus: Laceration of canaliculi, dislocation of lacrimal gland. 4. Conjunctiva: Subconjunctival haemorrhage, chemosis, lacerating tears o... | ###Question: All can occur due to blunt trauma of eye except -
###Options:
A. Berlin's edema
B. Angle recession
C. Sympathetic ophthalmitis
D. Rosette cataract
| In your capacity as a doctor, it is expected that you answer the medical questions relying on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: B i.e. Fixed dilated pupil not responding to light Cooling of body & rigor mois is a sign of molecular or cellular death. - Somatic (systemic, clinical or brain) death is cessation of spontaneous breathing, circulation and brain activity (as indicated by flat isoelectric EEG, deep unconsciousness with no ... | ###Question: Surest sign of brain stem death
###Options:
A. Absent Doll's eye reflex
B. Fixed dilated pupil not reacting to light
C. Cheyne Stokes breathing
D. Decerebrate posture
| Considering your role as a medical practitioner, please use the patient's description to answer the medical questions.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Saccades are sudden, jerky conjugate eye movements that occur as the gaze shifts from one object to another. Supranuclear eye movement systems include : Saccadic system Smooth pursuit system Vergence system Vestibular system Optokinetic sysytem Position maintenance system Ref;A.K.Khurana;6th edition; Page... | ###Question: Which of the following best defines the "Saccade"-
###Options:
A. Voluntary slow eye movements
B. Involuntary slow eye movement
C. Abrupt, involuntary slow eye movements
D. Abrupt, involuntary rapid eye movements
| You're a doctor, kindly address the medical queries according to the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Ketocanozole is useful in all except -
###Options:
A. T. cruris
B. T.versicolor
C. T.capitis
D. T.corpoiris
| Given your background as a doctor, please provide your insight in addressing the medical questions based on the patient's account.
Answer with the best option directly. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: This is case of Swimming pool conjunctivits/granuloma-Which is adult inclusion conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia trachomatis. Ref: Khurana 7th/e p.73 & 4th/e p.63,68
###Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Swimmer after coming out frm swimming pool presents with redness and mucopurulent discharge. There is no history of contact lens wear. On examination, no corneal involvement seen. Probable diagnosis is -
###Options:
A. Acanthamoeba keratitis
B. Adul inclusion conjunctivitis
C. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
D... | In your capacity as a doctor, it is expected that you answer the medical questions relying on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans.D.) Ornithine. Ornithine aminotransferase deficiency (also known as gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina) is an inborn error of ornithine metabolism, caused by decreased activity of the enzyme ornithine aminotransferase. Biochemically, it can be detected by elevated levels of ornithine in the bloo... | ###Question: Essential atrophy of the choroid is due to inborn error of metabolism of which amino acid?
###Options:
A. Cystine
B. Cysteine
C. Arginine
D. Ornithine
| Being a doctor, your task is to answer the medical questions based on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT. | ###Question: The function of vitamin A is/are related to which of the following?
###Options:
A. Retinol
B. Retinal
C. Retinoic acids
D. All of the above
| You're a doctor, kindly address the medical queries according to the patient's account.
Answer with the best option directly. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Scale 6 Neonatal behavior assessment scale It is a scale developed by T. Berry Brazelton for evaluating the neurological conditions and behavior of newborn by assessing his or her aleness, motor maturity, irritability and interaction with people. Scores SLEEP STATE I)Deep sleep: - Sleep with regular breat... | ###Question: . A neonate is seen crying with eyes closed and moving all his limbs. What is the Neonatal Behavioral response scale -
###Options:
A. Scale 1
B. Scale 3
C. Scale 5
D. Scale 6
| Your role as a doctor requires you to answer the medical questions taking into account the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: For the antemortem diagnosis of rabies, viral antigens can be demonstrated in the corneal smear, skin biopsy from the face or neck or saliva.
###Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT. | ###Question: A 15 year old girl was admitted to the infectious disease hospital with a provisional diagnosis of rabies. The most suitable clinical sample that can confirm the antemortem diagnosis is-
###Options:
A. Serum for anti-rabies IgG antibody
B. Corneal impression smear for immunofluorescence stain
C. CSF sample... | As a healthcare professional, please evaluate the patient's description and offer your expertise in answering the medical questions.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: VITREOUS LIQUEFACTION (SYNCHYSIS) Vitreous liquefaction (synchysis) is the most common degenerative change in the vitreous. Causes of liquefaction: 1. Degenerations such as senile, myopic, and that associated with retinitis pigmentosa. 2. Post-inflammatory, paicularly following uveitis. 3. Trauma to the v... | ###Question: Synchysis refers to
###Options:
A. Collapse of the vitreous
B. Black spots in front of the eyes
C. Liquefaction of the vitreous
D. Detachment of the vitreous
| Your identity is a doctor, kindly provide answers to the medical questions with consideration of the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. Double perforation
###Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT. | ###Question: All are seen in blunt injury of the eye except:
###Options:
A. Hyphema
B. Iridocyclitis
C. Double perforation
D. Retinal detachment
| Being a doctor, your task is to answer the medical questions based on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: (D) Nuchal edemaINCIDENCE OF MAJOR & MINOR DEFECTS/MA Trisomy 21NormalLikelihood ratio for isolated marker* Nuchal Fold33.5%0.6%9.8* Short humerus33.4%1.5%4.1* Short femur41.4%5.2%1.6* Hydronephrosis17.6%2.6%1.0* Echogenic focus in heart28.2%4.4%1.1* Echogenic bowel13.3%0.6%3.0* Major defect21.4%0.65%5.2
... | ###Question: Which one of the following ultrasound marker is associated with greatest increased risk for Trisomy 21 in fetus
###Options:
A. Echogenic foci in heart
B. Hyperechogenic bowel
C. Choroid plexus cysts
D. Nuchal edema
| As a medical professional, your responsibility is to address the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Angle-closure glaucoma can have the appearance of glaucomflecken. Glaucomflecken are small anterior subcapsular opacities secondary to lens epithelial necrosis resulting from acute angle-closure glaucoma. - Signs of Angle closure glaucoma :Stony hard eye, steamy cornea, Veically oval mid-dilated non react... | ###Question: Glaucomflecken are seen in:
###Options:
A. Open angle glaucoma
B. Uveitis
C. Retinitis pigmentosa
D. Angle closure glaucoma
| Given your profession as a doctor, please provide responses to the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. B: Affects cornea Mooren's ulcer is a rare, painful, inflammatory condition affecting one or both eyes that results in the destruction of corneal tissue. The cause of Mooren's ulcer is unknown. It is generally agreed that it is an autoimmune condition. Pain is almost always associated with the onset ... | ###Question: True about Moorens ulcer: March 2007, March 2013
###Options:
A. Painless condition
B. Affects cornea
C. Sudden loss of vision
D. Bilateral in majority of cases
| Your identity is a doctor, kindly provide answers to the medical questions with consideration of the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. The infantile nucleus is completely formed by one year of age
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: All are true except:
###Options:
A. The infantile nucleus is completely formed by one year of age
B. The embryonic nucleus is situated between the two Y sutures
C. Congenital blue dot cataracts are associated with development of senile cataract at an early stage
D. Zonular cataracts typically affect the ou... | You're a doctor, kindly address the medical queries according to the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. B: Interstitial keratitis Hutchinson's triad is named after Sir Jonathan Hutchinson. It is a common pattern of presentation for congenital syphilis, and consists of three phenomena: interstitial keratitis, Hutchinson incisors (notching of the two upper central incisors in the permanent dentition), an... | ###Question: Corneal lesion seen in Hutchinson triad associated with congenital syphilis is: September 2006
###Options:
A. Disciform keratitis
B. Interstitial keratitis
C. Phylectenular keratitis
D. Mooren ulcer
| As a healthcare professional, please evaluate the patient's description and offer your expertise in answering the medical questions.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: A. i.e. Vitreous hemorrhage; B. i.e. Corneal opacity; C i.e. Exudative retinal detachment
###Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Traumatic eye lesion can cause:
###Options:
A. Vitreous haemorrhage
B. Corneal opacity
C. Exudative retinal detachment
D. All
| As a medical professional, your responsibility is to address the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ocular - a,b,c
Cutaneous - cafe-au-lait spots to neurofibromota.
###Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Ocular manifestations of neurofibromatosis
###Options:
A. Neurofibromas of lids & Orbit
B. Glioma of optic nerve
C. Congenital glaucoma
D. All the above.
| Given your background as a doctor, please provide your insight in addressing the medical questions based on the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: REF : AK KHURANA 7TH ED
###Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT. | ###Question: which layer of cornea helps in maintaining hydration OF stroma of cornea
###Options:
A. Descement membrane
B. Endothelium
C. Epithelium
D. stroma
| Your identity is a doctor, kindly provide answers to the medical questions with consideration of the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Due to anticholinergic action, TCAs should be avoided in glaucoma These agents block muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, resulting in anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry mouth, blurred vision, urine retention, constipation); they are contraindicated in patients with glaucoma.
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORREC... | ###Question: Tricyclic antidepressant are contraindicated in:
###Options:
A. Glaucoma
B. Brain tumor
C. Bronchial asthma
D. Hypeension
| Given your profession as a doctor, please provide responses to the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. A i.e. Myopia
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Refractive error concerned most commonly with divergent strasbismus is: September 2012, March 2013
###Options:
A. Myopia
B. Astigmatism
C. Hypermetropia
D. Astigmatism
| You're a doctor, kindly address the medical queries according to the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor USES: 1. Glaucoma: as an adjuvant to other ocular hypotensives 2. Epilepsy: increases co2 levels- inhibits seizures to some extent- used only for catamenial epilepsy- epilepsy during menses 3. Acute mountain sickness - by increasing co2 and stimulating the b... | ###Question: Acetazolamide can be used in all except
###Options:
A. Epilepsy
B. Cute mountain sickness
C. Cirrhosis
D. Glaucoma
| In your capacity as a doctor, it is expected that you answer the medical questions relying on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Salmon patches (aka nevus simplex or nevus flammeus) are flat vascular lesions that occur in the listed regions and appear more prominent during crying. The lesions on the face fade over the first few years of life. Lesions found over the nuchal and occipital areas often persist. No therapy is indicated.
... | ###Question: Many rashes and skin lesions can be found first in the newborn period. For each of the descriptions listed below, select the most likely diagnosis. Each lettered option may be used once, more than once, or not at all. An adolescent boy complains of a splotchy red rash on the nape of his neck, discovered wh... | Your role as a doctor requires you to answer the medical questions taking into account the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Most common type of optic nerve glioma is juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma.
###Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Most common type of optic nerve glioma is –
###Options:
A. Gemistocytic
B. Fibrous
C. Protoplasmic
D. Pilocytic
| Your identity is a doctor, kindly provide answers to the medical questions with consideration of the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. 8-9 mm behind the limbus
###Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT. | ###Question: 'Safe zone' of the eye ball is:
###Options:
A. At the limbus
B. 3-4 mm behind the limbus
C. 8-9 mm behind the limbus
D. 12 mm behind the limbus
| You're a doctor, kindly address the medical queries according to the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. None of the above
###Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT. | ###Question: In a patient predisposed to glaucoma, the drug contraindicated is:
###Options:
A. Pilocarpine
B. Ecothiopate
C. Timolol
D. None of the above
| Given your profession as a doctor, please provide responses to the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Five structures in lateral wall of cavernous sinus
1. Oculomotor nerve
2. Trochlear nerve
3. Ophthalmic nerve
4. Maxillary nerve
5. Trigeminal ganglion
Note: Internal carotid artery wrapped in its venous and sympathetic plexus along with abducent nerve passes through the center of cavernous sinus.
###Ans... | ###Question: Which of the following structure is not related to cavernous sinus:
###Options:
A. Abducent nerve
B. Optic nerve
C. Ophthalmic nerve
D. Trochlear nerve
| As a medical professional, your responsibility is to address the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: D i.e. Severe Shock
###Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Ketamine is safe in
###Options:
A. Raised ICT
B. Open eye injury
C. Ischemic hea disease
D. Severe shock
| Your identity is a doctor, kindly provide answers to the medical questions with consideration of the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Retina is a pa of CNS and develops from Neuroectoderm.
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Retina is pa of ?
###Options:
A. CNS
B. PNA
C. ANS
D. None
| As a medical professional, your responsibility is to address the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Answer- A. Phacomorphic glaucomaPhocomorphic glaucoma :- It occurs in intumescent stage of cataract. The swollen lens leads to relative pupillary block (pupillary block glaucoma), iris bombe and angle closure. It is a type of angle closure glaucoma and anterior chamber is very shallow.
###Answer: OPTION ... | ###Question: Which glaucoma is associated with cataract
###Options:
A. Phacomorphic glaucoma
B. Neovascular glaucoma
C. Phacoanaphylactic glaucoma
D. Buphthalmos
| Given your profession as a doctor, please provide responses to the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. Kingking of optic nerve
###Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Which of these features is a classic radiologic feature of optic nerve glioma:
###Options:
A. Tram-track appearance of optic nerve
B. Kingking of optic nerve
C. Multiple cystic spaces in optic nerve
D. Adjacent bony erosion
| Your role as a doctor requires you to answer the medical questions taking into account the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: D i.e. Exophotocoagulation Treatment of advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy with vitreoretinal fibrosis and tractional rectinal detachment involves previtrectomy pan retinal endophoto coagulation (not exophotocoagulation)Q, vitrectomy (pars plana or posterior route), reattachment of detached or to... | ###Question: Treatment of Advanced Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with extensive vitreoretinal fibrosis and tractional retinal detachment involves all of the following except.
###Options:
A. Reattachment of detached or torn retina
B. Removal of epiretinal membrane
C. Vitrectomy
D. Exophotocoagulation
| Given your profession as a doctor, please provide responses to the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. Constant blinking
###Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Macula is
###Options:
A. Optic nerve
B. Optic tract
C. Periodic bluring of vision
D. Constant blinking
| Your role as a doctor requires you to answer the medical questions taking into account the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. Zonular
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Cataract in newborn is:
###Options:
A. Zonular
B. Coronary
C. Snowflake
D. Coical
| In your capacity as a doctor, it is expected that you answer the medical questions relying on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: This is a case of measles. The face is completely erythematous and there is an erythematous maculopapular rash on the trunk and extremities, with large confluent areas on the back. 3RD image shows the classical appearance of the Koplik spots, an exanthem (mucosal rash) that is felt to be pathognomonic (di... | ###Question: A 3 year old boy was admitted to the hospital for high fever and difficulty in breathing. He had been well until 4 days before admission, when he developed sneezing and a runny and stuffy nose followed by a non-productive cough on next day. This was followed by appearance of characteristic rash on face, tr... | Your identity is a doctor, kindly provide answers to the medical questions with consideration of the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Indirect ophthalmoscopy can be used to examine the entire retina, even out to its extreme periphery, the ora serrata. This is possible for two reasons. Optical distoions caused by looking through the peripheral lens and cornea interfere very little with the indirect ophthalmoscopic examination compared wi... | ###Question: Periphery of retina is best visualized with :
###Options:
A. Direct ophthalmoscopy
B. Indirect ophthalmoscopy
C. Retinoscopy
D. USG
| Considering your role as a medical practitioner, please use the patient's description to answer the medical questions.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Cataracts REF: Harisson's 18`11 ed chapter 169 Hutchinson's triad is named after Sir Jonathan Hutchinson (1828-1913). It is a common pattern of presentation for congenital syphilis, and consists of three phenomena: interstitial keratitis, Hutchinson incisors, and eighth nerve deafness
###Answer: OPTION D... | ###Question: In Hutchinson's triad in newborn child, what is not seen?
###Options:
A. Interstitial keratitis
B. Notched incisors
C. Deafness
D. Cataracts
| Being a doctor, your task is to answer the medical questions based on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: The first trimester of pregnancy is the most disastrous time for the foetus as the organs are developing. Infection in the second trimester may cause deafness but those infected after week 16 suffer no major abnormalities. Ref: Textbook of Obstetrics By Dutta, 6th Edition, Page 299; Park's Textbook Of Pre... | ###Question: All of the following statements are true about Congenital Rubella, EXCEPT:
###Options:
A. It is diagnosed when the infant has IgM antibodies at bih
B. It is diagnosed when IgG antibodies persist from more than 6 months
C. Most common congenital defects are deafness, cardiac malformations and cataract
D. In... | Being a doctor, your task is to answer the medical questions based on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Unexpected visual loss, 3 weeks after cataract surgery with 'honey comb maculopathy' and 'flower petal' hyperfluorescence on Fluorescin Angiography is characteristic of Cystoid macular Edema.
###Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT. | ###Question: A 70–year–old man presents with deterioration of vision 3 weeks after cataract extraction and IOL implantation. Slit lamp examination shows honeycomb maculopathy and Fluorescein angiography (FA) shows 'flower petal' hyperfluorescence. The most likely diagnosis is –
###Options:
A. Age related macular degene... | Considering your role as a medical practitioner, please use the patient's description to answer the medical questions.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: please upload a reason for this question, if anyone..
###Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Histological finding of Reye's syndrome is
###Options:
A. Budding and branching of mitochondria
B. Swelling of endoplasmic reticulum
C. Paranuclear microdense deposits
D. Glycogen depletion
| In your capacity as a doctor, it is expected that you answer the medical questions relying on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. Trabeculitis
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Secondary glaucoma in early stage of herpes zoster ephthalmicus occurs due to:
###Options:
A. Trabeculitis
B. Iridocyclitis
C. Haemorrhagic hypopyon
D. Hypersecretion of aqueous humour
| Given your background as a doctor, please provide your insight in addressing the medical questions based on the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. is 'b' i.e., Latanoprost Drugs used in open-angle glaucoma MechanismMethods of AdministrationCholinomimetics Pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine, echothiophate, demecariumCiliary muscle contraction, opening of trabecular meshwork, increased outflowTopical drops of gel; plastic film slow-release ins... | ###Question: Antiglaucoma drug which acts by increasing uveo- sclerol outflow -
###Options:
A. Apraclonidine
B. Latanoprost
C. Timolol
D. Brinzolamide
| Considering your role as a medical practitioner, please use the patient's description to answer the medical questions.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: C i.e. Sudden painless loss of vision In papilloedema there is painless gradually progressive loss of vision which is usually bilateralQ which occurs after a long time only when optic atrophy sets in. "Visual acuity is not affected by Papilloedema unless it is severe, long standing, or accompanied by macu... | ###Question: Papilloedema is characterised by all of the following, EXCEPT:
###Options:
A. Loss of retinal venous pulsations
B. Transient obscurations of vision
C. Sudden painless loss of vision
D. Disc oedema
| Being a doctor, your task is to answer the medical questions based on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. is 'b' i.e. Rheumatoid arthritis Aetiological classification of cataract:Senile CataractDevelopmental or congenitalComplicated cataractTraumaticMetabolicDiabetes*Tetany (hypoparathyroidism)Hypoglycemia*Galactosemia*Galactokinase deficiency*Lowe's syndrome*Wilson's disease*Maternal infectionRubella*To... | ###Question: Cataract is seen in following except:
###Options:
A. Glucocorticoid administration
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Hypoparathyroidism
D. Galactosemia
| Given your background as a doctor, please provide your insight in addressing the medical questions based on the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Stellwag'sign is:
###Options:
A. Absence of normal winking.
B. Failure of convergence of eye balls.
C. Exophthalmos.
D. None.
| Considering your role as a medical practitioner, please use the patient's description to answer the medical questions.
Answer with the best option directly. | medmcqa |
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: All are true about scleritis except?
###Options:
A. painless condition
B. glaucoma may occur
C. necrotising scleritis is more severe and destructive form
D. Anterior scleritis pain worsens at night
| Your role as a doctor requires you to answer the medical questions taking into account the patient's description.
Answer with the best option directly. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Tardieu's or Bayard's ecchymoses/spots: Round, dark-red, well-defined, pin-head sized spots, found in those pas where capillaries are least Suppoed, e.g. conjunctiva, face, epiglottis, subpleural urface of lungs, hea, meninges and thymus. They tend to be better made out in fair skinned persons, readily vi... | ###Question: Following is true about bayard's spots:-
###Options:
A. Due to the rupture of aerioles
B. Pathognomic of asphyxia
C. Present in putrefaction
D. Well defined, dark red spots seen over conjunctiva, subpleural surface of lungs, hea etc.
| Your role as a doctor requires you to answer the medical questions taking into account the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: What does 6/6 mean in Snellen's cha * It means that the patient with or without glasses can see the letter at a distance of 6 m which a person normally should have been seeing at 6 m Now you would understand it by next example * 6/12 means a letter which a normal patient should be seeing at 12 metre , thi... | ###Question: A person came to eye OPD for routine eye check u. On snellen's cha he was found to read 6/6. At what distance he should be able to read 6/24
###Options:
A. 36 m
B. 24 m
C. 6 m
D. 1 m
| In your capacity as a doctor, it is expected that you answer the medical questions relying on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Most common nerve involved in basal skull fracture is Facial nerve. Most common nerve involved in raised intracranial tension is Abducent nerve . Most common nerve affected during spinal anesthesia is also Abducent nerve. Most commonly involved in intracranial aneurysm is Oculomotor nerve ansd not optic n... | ###Question: Which of the following is a WRONG pair regarding features of cranial nerves:
###Options:
A. Most commonly involved in basal skull fracture: Facial nerve
B. Most commonly involved in raised intracranial tension: Abducent nerve
C. Most commonly affected in spinal anaesthesia: Abducent nerve
D. Most commonly ... | Your identity is a doctor, kindly provide answers to the medical questions with consideration of the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. is 'b' i.e. Timolol eye drops Timolol maleate is the most widely used drug for open angle glaucoma.It is non-selective B blocker (Blocks both B1 and B2B2 is responsible for bronchodilation, therefore blocking B2 would aggravate asthma.Instead of Timolol, Betaxolol can be used because it is a selectiv... | ###Question: A patient of glaucoma with bronchial asthma presents to the emergency with status asthamaticus, causative agent might have been)
###Options:
A. Pilocarpine eye drop
B. Timolol eye drop
C. Betaxolol eye drop
D. Levobunolol eye drop
| You're a doctor, kindly address the medical queries according to the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Foy percent of retinoblastomas are heritable; the child inherits one mutant allele through the germline and a somatic mutation in the other allele occurs, resulting in the loss of function of that gene. This leads to tumor development, often with multiple tumors in both eyes. Penetrance, however, is not c... | ###Question: One of your patients is diagnosed with retinoblastoma. He has a single tumor in one eye. The patient is worried whether his children would suffer from the same condition. What test could be used to determine whether it is a heritable or sporadic tumor?
###Options:
A. DNA footprinting
B. Fluorescence-activa... | As a medical professional, your responsibility is to address the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. Lamellar cataract
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Is the most common type of congenital cataract:
###Options:
A. Lamellar cataract
B. Cataracta centralis pulverulenta
C. Coronary cataract
D. Coralliform cataract
| In your capacity as a doctor, it is expected that you answer the medical questions relying on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: *Brolucizumab is a monoclonal antibody against VEGF. *It is recently approved for wet (neovascular) age related macular degeneration.* Istradefylline is adenosine A2 receptor antagonist. It is approved for off episodes in Parkinsonism* Lefamulin is a new antimicrobial that acts by inhibiting protein synth... | ###Question: Which of the following is a new drug recently approved for treatment of neovascular age related macular degeneration?
###Options:
A. Brolucizumab
B. Istradefylline
C. Lefamulin
D. Upadacitinib
| Given your profession as a doctor, please provide responses to the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Exophthalmos (also called exophthalmos, exophthalmia, proptosis, or exorbitism) is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit.Exophthalmos can be either bilateral (as is often seen in Graves' disease) or unilateral (as is often seen in an orbital tumor).
###Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Which of the following is not a sign of stellate ganglion block?
###Options:
A. Meiosis
B. Exophtahalmos
C. Nasal congestion
D. Conjunctival redness
| Your identity is a doctor, kindly provide answers to the medical questions with consideration of the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Afferent component of corneal reflex is mediated by:
###Options:
A. Vagus nerve
B. Facial nerve
C. Trigeminal nerve
D. Glossopharyngeal nerve
| As a medical professional, your responsibility is to address the medical questions using the patient's description.
Answer with the best option directly. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Increased length of eyeball
###Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Following predispose to glaucoma, except:
###Options:
A. Flat cornea
B. Increased length of eyeball
C. Angular recession
D. Big size of cilliary body
| In your capacity as a doctor, it is expected that you answer the medical questions relying on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above
###Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Cataract is caused by ?
###Options:
A. Hypoparathyroidism
B. Cigrate smoking
C. Non-ionizing radiation
D. All of the above
| Being a doctor, your task is to answer the medical questions based on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: ref : ak khurana 7th ed
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: lesion producing incongrous Homonymous Hemianopia with Wernicke's Hemianopia pupil
###Options:
A. Optic tract
B. Visual coex
C. Optic radiation
D. Optic Nerve
| You're a doctor, kindly address the medical queries according to the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: SURFACE ECTODERM - LENS- Epithelium of the all structures except ciliary body & iris- Glands NEURAL ECTODERM - Epithelium of ciliary body & iris- Retinal pigment epithelium- Optic nerve- Sphincter and dilator pupillae muscles - Smooth muscles of iris MESODERM - EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES- Endothelium of all the ... | ###Question: Corneal endothelium is derived from:
###Options:
A. Neuroectoderm
B. Neural crest cells
C. Mesoderm
D. Surface ectoderm
| Being a doctor, your task is to answer the medical questions based on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Cornea The cornea is the first and most powerful refracting surface of the eye. Light passes through the transparent cornea on its way to the retina. It has a greater curvature than the rest of the eyeball and a refractive power of approximately 44 dioptres.
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: According to biophysics, in which pa of eye does maximum refraction occur?
###Options:
A. Cornea
B. Aqueous humor
C. Centre of the lens
D. Periphery of the lens
| As a medical professional, your responsibility is to address the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Treatment of Choice for prophylaxis of healthy eye when follow eye has primary open angle glaucoma is laser trabeculoplasty.
###Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Treatment of Choice for prophylaxis of Right eye in case of primary open angle glaucoma of Left eye
###Options:
A. Goniotony
B. Trabeculectomy
C. Laser trabeculoplasty
D. Seton Surgery
| Given your profession as a doctor, please provide responses to the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: It is seen as feathery lines of Opacities in the posterior cortex.
###Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Rosette cataract develops in the
###Options:
A. Anterior cortex
B. Posterior cortex
C. Anterior subcapsule
D. Posterior subcapsule
| Your role as a doctor requires you to answer the medical questions taking into account the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. Keratoconus
###Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Thinning of cornea occurs in:
###Options:
A. Megalocornea
B. Bullous keratopathy
C. Endothelial dystrophy
D. Keratoconus
| Given your profession as a doctor, please provide responses to the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Acyclovir is the drug of choice for treatment of herpetic infection of eye, skin and genitals. It acts selectively against the herpes. It penetrates the intact corneal epithelium and stroma and produces therapeutic concentration in the aqueous humor. Vidarabine is active against a number of DNA viruses an... | ###Question: Which of the following is the drugs of choice for corneal herpes?
###Options:
A. Idoxuridine
B. Acyclovir
C. Vidarabine
D. Amantadine
| As a medical professional, your responsibility is to address the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: The rubella virus is one of the causes of devastating prenatal infection. In adults and older children, the virus can cause asymptomatic infection or a relatively mild febrile illness (German measles) with upper respiratory symptoms, lymphadenopathy, maculopapular rash, and sometimes joint symptoms. The e... | ###Question: A neonate is born at term with multiple problems. He is small for gestational age and has cataract, hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia with purpura. Fuher studies demonstrate patent ductus aeriosus, bone lucency, pneumonia, and meningoencephalitis. The mother is a 17-year-old girl who had no prenatal ... | Given your background as a doctor, please provide your insight in addressing the medical questions based on the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive condition in which excess copper may deposit in the liver and brain. Chronic hepatitis leads to cirrhosis in young people. Ocular lesions, so-called Kayser-Fleischer rings, represent deposition of copper in Descemet membrane in the iris. Lack of coordination and tr... | ###Question: A 14-year-old boy complains of a 4-month history of fatigue, abdominal pain, and yellowing of his eyes and skin. Physical examination shows tremor of both hands, lack of coordination, and mild jaundice. An ophthalmic examination reveals Kayser-Fleischer rings. Degenerative changes are present in which of t... | Given your background as a doctor, please provide your insight in addressing the medical questions based on the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: A i.e. Strict glycemic control; B i.e. Panphotocoagulation; C i.e. Antihypeensive Diabetic retinopathy is treated by - strict glycemic & hypeensive control, antioxidants, photocoagulation (pan retinal, focal argon laser or grid pattern laser burns), intravitreal steroids and anti-VGF (vascular endothelial... | ###Question: Diabetic retinopathy is treated by:
###Options:
A. Strict glycemic control
B. Panphotococagulation
C. Antihypeensive
D. All
| Your identity is a doctor, kindly provide answers to the medical questions with consideration of the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: True about measles –a) Rash appear first on legb) Koplik spots are seen in retinac) Long term complication follows in form of SSPEd) Caused by RNA viruse) IP–IS 2–3 day
###Options:
A. cd
B. bc
C. bd
D. ac
| Your identity is a doctor, kindly provide answers to the medical questions with consideration of the patient's description.
Answer with the best option directly. | medmcqa |
###Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT. | ###Question: The most predictive and dangerous side effect of propranolol that makes it to be avoided in known patient of COPD is induction of -
###Options:
A. Respiratory failure
B. Acute asthmatic attack
C. Glaucoma
D. Pleural effusion
| Your identity is a doctor, kindly provide answers to the medical questions with consideration of the patient's description.
Answer with the best option directly. | medmcqa |
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Chubby cheeks, eyes are blue and staring at the sky is a feature of
###Options:
A. Cherubism
B. Fibrous dysplasia
C. Ectodermal dysplasia
D. Sicca syndrome
| You're a doctor, kindly address the medical queries according to the patient's account.
Answer with the best option directly. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum * In ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum the upper and lower eyelids are joined by thin tags; most cases are sporadic. Treatment involves transection with scissors; anaesthesia is not required.* Ablepharon consists of deficiency of the anterior lamellae of... | ###Question: Fusion of two eyelids by thin tags is called-
###Options:
A. Ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum
B. Euryblepharon
C. Ablepharon
D. Epiblepharon
| As a medical professional, your responsibility is to address the medical questions using the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Hashimoto's thyroiditis-True are all EXCEPT
###Options:
A. Follicular destruction
B. Increase in lymphocytes
C. Oncocytic metaplasia
D. Orphan Annie eye nuclei
| Your role as a doctor requires you to answer the medical questions taking into account the patient's description.
Answer with the best option directly. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. D: Juvenile diabetes Snowflake Cataracts: This type of cataract represents dots of various sizes (and sometimes various colours) distributed throughout the coex surrounding the nucleus for 360deg. This is the most common cataract seen in Down Syndrome (extra copy of chromosome 21 also called trisomy ... | ###Question: Snowflake cataract is associated with: September 2008
###Options:
A. Hypeension
B. Adult diabetes
C. Trauma
D. Juvenile diabetes
| Being a doctor, your task is to answer the medical questions based on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Acute dystonia is the earliest side effect seen immediately after the administration of antipsychotics. Acute dystonia is treated using anticholinergics like Benztropine, Promethazine.
###Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT. | ###Question: A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia came with acute exacerbation of symptoms. Inj.Haloperidol was administered in the casuality and suddenly the patient had deviation of eye balls and torticollis. What is the diagnosis?
###Options:
A. Akathisia
B. Acute dystonia
C. Malignant hyperthermia
D. Drug induced... | Given your background as a doctor, please provide your insight in addressing the medical questions based on the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: D i.e. Microaneurysm Microaneurysms are located in the inner nuclear layer and are the earliest and most characteristic ocular lesion Q of diabetic retinopathy.
###Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Earliest manifestation of diabetic retinopathy is
###Options:
A. Soft exudates/Cotton wool spot
B. Dot haemorrhage
C. Hard exudates
D. Microaneurysm
| As a healthcare professional, please evaluate the patient's description and offer your expertise in answering the medical questions.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Measles
Measles is caused by a RNA virus of paramyxovirus.
Measles in also known as rubella
The only source of infection is a case of measles, carriers are not known to occur.
Infective period → 4 days before and 5 days after the appearance of rash.
Infective material → Secretions of nose, throat and re... | ###Question: All of the following statement regarding measles are true except -a) Rash appears first on legb) Koplik spot are seen on retinac) Long term complication may be seen in form of SSPEd) Caused by RNA viruse) I-P is 2-3 days
###Options:
A. abc
B. bcd
C. cde
D. abe
| Given your background as a doctor, please provide your insight in addressing the medical questions based on the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Some epithelia derived from ectoderm- the epithelium of the skin , hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and mammary glands - the epithelium over cornea and conjunctiva, external acoustic meatus and the outer surface of the tympanic membrane- the epithelium of some pa of the mouth, the lower pa ... | ###Question: Which of the following is derived from ectoderm?
###Options:
A. Epithelium of iris
B. Ciliary muscles
C. Vascular endothelium
D. Sclera
| Your identity is a doctor, kindly provide answers to the medical questions with consideration of the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ring of sommerring and Elsching's are seen in after cataract. (Ref: Parson's 22nd/e p.285 & 21st/e p.279)
###Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Ring of Sommerring is seen in -
###Options:
A. Galactosemia
B. Dislocztion of lens
C. Acute congestive glaucoma
D. After cataract
| Being a doctor, your task is to answer the medical questions based on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. Pachymeter
###Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT. | ###Question: Thickness of cornea is best measured by:
###Options:
A. Keratometer
B. Pachymeter
C. Optometer
D. Pentoscope
| Your identity is a doctor, kindly provide answers to the medical questions with consideration of the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: (A) Amaurosis fugax > Amaurosis Fugax is transient ischemic attack of retina characterized by transient sudden loss of vision lasting for few minutes, due to occlusion by minute emboli. It may be a premonitory symptom of CRAO.> D/D of "cherry red" spot on fundus CRAO, blunt injury (Berhin's edema of macul... | ###Question: Blockade of Central Retinal Artery leads to temporary blindness is also known as:
###Options:
A. Amaurosis fiigax
B. Gaze related amaurosis
C. Amblyopia ex anopsia
D. Amblyopia
| Considering your role as a medical practitioner, please use the patient's description to answer the medical questions.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Chlamydiae
###Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT. | ###Question: A patient (pigeon handler) presents with interstitial pneumonitis accompanied by headache, backache, and a dry, hacking cough. A pale, macular rash is also found on the trunk (Horder's spots). Likely organism is:
###Options:
A. Histoplasma
B. Chlamydiae
C. Mycoplasma
D. Aspergillus
| In your capacity as a doctor, it is expected that you answer the medical questions relying on the patient's description.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: CRVO cause hypoxia and release of VEGF causing neovascularisation of iris and thus neovascular glaucoma in 20% cases within 3 months (also known as 90days/100days glaucoma).
###Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT. | ###Question: 100 day glaucoma is seen in which of the following conditions?
###Options:
A. Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)
B. Steroid induced glaucoma
C. Neovascular glaucoma
D. Central retinal aery occlusion (CRAO)
| You're a doctor, kindly address the medical queries according to the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Ans. is 'c' i.e., Oculocardiac reflex * Oculocardiac reflex is most common in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery. Traction on extraocular muscle (especially medial rectus) causes a wide variety of cardia arrhythmias.Oculocardiac reflex* Traction on the extraocular muscles or pressure on glob... | ###Question: Anesthetics usually check for BP and pulse when ophthalmologist maneuvers medial rectus muscle in squint surgery. This is to prevent?
###Options:
A. Vasovagal attack
B. Hypotension syndrome
C. Oculocardiac reflex
D. None
| Considering your role as a medical practitioner, please use the patient's description to answer the medical questions.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
###Rationale: Drug toxicity should be suspected in all cases of acute hepatitis. In this case, centrilobular necrosis suggests acetaminophen toxicity. The toxic dose of acetaminophen after a single acute ingestion is in the range of 150mg/kg in children and 7 g in adults. Acetaminophen is rapidly absorbed from the stom... | ###Question: A 36-year-old, alcoholic woman presents with a 1-week history of yellow skin and sclerae. She has suffered persistent headaches. Her vital signs are normal. Physical examination reveals jaundice. Laboratory studies disclose markedly elevated levels of AST and ALT (956 and 1,400 U/L, respectively). A few da... | Given your background as a doctor, please provide your insight in addressing the medical questions based on the patient's account.
Analyze the question and answer with the best option. | medmcqa |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
MedMCQA Dataset
Dataset Overview
MedMCQA has been used in the EYE-Llama paper ([https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.591355v1]) as a test set for evaluating ophthalmic language models. This dataset contains a collection of questions and answers specifically tailored for the ophthalmic domain. It serves as a valuable resource for assessing the performance of models in answering domain-specific queries.
License
This dataset is distributed under the CC BY 4.0 License. You are free to use, modify, and distribute this dataset, provided that you give appropriate credit.
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