docking_pipeline/reports/plots.py

from __future__ import annotations

import csv
import json
import math
import struct
import zlib
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Iterable


def _read_rows(path: str | Path) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
    with Path(path).open("r", encoding="utf-8", newline="") as handle:
        return list(csv.DictReader(handle))


def _floats(rows: Iterable[dict[str, object]], key: str) -> list[float]:
    out: list[float] = []
    for row in rows:
        try:
            out.append(float(row[key]))  # type: ignore[index]
        except Exception:
            continue
    return out


def _boolish(value: object) -> bool:
    return str(value).strip().lower() in {"1", "true", "yes", "y"}


def _float_or_zero(value: object) -> float:
    try:
        return float(value)
    except Exception:
        return 0.0


def _first_float(row: dict[str, object], keys: list[str]) -> float | None:
    for key in keys:
        value = row.get(key)
        try:
            if value in ("", None):
                continue
            return float(value)
        except Exception:
            continue
    return None


def _plot_or_skip(plot_dir: Path, name: str, fn) -> str | None:  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
    try:
        import matplotlib

        matplotlib.use("Agg")
        import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    except Exception as exc:
        (plot_dir / "skipped_plots.json").write_text(
            json.dumps({"reason": f"matplotlib unavailable: {exc}"}, indent=2),
            encoding="utf-8",
        )
        return None
    path = plot_dir / name
    fig = fn(plt)
    fig.tight_layout()
    fig.savefig(path, dpi=160)
    plt.close(fig)
    return str(path)


def _write_png(path: Path, width: int, height: int, pixels: bytearray) -> str:
    def chunk(tag: bytes, data: bytes) -> bytes:
        return struct.pack(">I", len(data)) + tag + data + struct.pack(">I", zlib.crc32(tag + data) & 0xFFFFFFFF)

    raw = b"".join(b"\x00" + pixels[y * width * 3 : (y + 1) * width * 3] for y in range(height))
    png = (
        b"\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n"
        + chunk(b"IHDR", struct.pack(">IIBBBBB", width, height, 8, 2, 0, 0, 0))
        + chunk(b"IDAT", zlib.compress(raw, 9))
        + chunk(b"IEND", b"")
    )
    path.write_bytes(png)
    return str(path)


def _simple_plot(path: Path, values: list[float], kind: str = "hist") -> str:
    width, height = 800, 480
    pix = bytearray([255] * width * height * 3)

    def setpx(x: int, y: int, color: tuple[int, int, int]) -> None:
        if 0 <= x < width and 0 <= y < height:
            i = (y * width + x) * 3
            pix[i : i + 3] = bytes(color)

    def line(x0: int, y0: int, x1: int, y1: int, color: tuple[int, int, int]) -> None:
        dx, dy = abs(x1 - x0), -abs(y1 - y0)
        sx = 1 if x0 < x1 else -1
        sy = 1 if y0 < y1 else -1
        err = dx + dy
        while True:
            setpx(x0, y0, color)
            if x0 == x1 and y0 == y1:
                break
            e2 = 2 * err
            if e2 >= dy:
                err += dy
                x0 += sx
            if e2 <= dx:
                err += dx
                y0 += sy

    def rect(x0: int, y0: int, x1: int, y1: int, color: tuple[int, int, int]) -> None:
        for y in range(max(0, y0), min(height, y1)):
            for x in range(max(0, x0), min(width, x1)):
                setpx(x, y, color)

    left, top, right, bottom = 70, 40, 760, 420
    line(left, bottom, right, bottom, (20, 20, 20))
    line(left, top, left, bottom, (20, 20, 20))
    vals = [v for v in values if math.isfinite(v)]
    if not vals:
        return _write_png(path, width, height, pix)
    if kind == "bar":
        ordered = vals[:20]
        mn = min(0.0, min(ordered))
        mx = max(0.0, max(ordered))
        span = mx - mn or 1.0
        bw = max(2, int((right - left) / max(1, len(ordered))))
        for i, v in enumerate(ordered):
            x0 = left + i * bw + 2
            x1 = left + (i + 1) * bw - 2
            y = int(bottom - ((v - mn) / span) * (bottom - top))
            y0, y1 = sorted([bottom, y])
            rect(x0, y0, x1, y1, (75, 125, 170))
    else:
        bins = min(30, max(5, len(vals) // 3))
        mn, mx = min(vals), max(vals)
        span = mx - mn or 1.0
        counts = [0] * bins
        for v in vals:
            idx = min(bins - 1, int(((v - mn) / span) * bins))
            counts[idx] += 1
        maxc = max(counts) or 1
        bw = int((right - left) / bins)
        for i, c in enumerate(counts):
            x0 = left + i * bw + 1
            x1 = left + (i + 1) * bw - 1
            y0 = int(bottom - (c / maxc) * (bottom - top))
            rect(x0, y0, x1, bottom, (75, 125, 170))
    return _write_png(path, width, height, pix)


def plot_score_outputs(best_csv: str | Path, plot_dir: str | Path, title_prefix: str = "rDock") -> list[str]:
    pdir = Path(plot_dir)
    pdir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    rows = _read_rows(best_csv)
    scores = _floats(rows, "SCORE")
    paths: list[str] = []
    if not scores:
        return paths

    def hist(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))
        ax.hist(scores, bins=min(30, max(5, len(scores) // 5)), color="#3b6ea8", edgecolor="white")
        ax.set_title(f"{title_prefix} SCORE distribution")
        ax.set_xlabel("SCORE")
        ax.set_ylabel("Count")
        return fig

    def topbar(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        ranked_rows = [row for row in rows if _first_float(row, ["SCORE", "best_score", "final_score"]) is not None]
        ordered = sorted(ranked_rows, key=lambda r: _first_float(r, ["SCORE", "best_score", "final_score"]) or float("inf"))[:20]
        labels = [str(r.get("ligand_id", "")) for r in ordered]
        vals = [float(_first_float(r, ["SCORE", "best_score", "final_score"]) or float("nan")) for r in ordered]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9, 4))
        ax.bar(range(len(vals)), vals, color="#7a9d54")
        ax.set_title(f"{title_prefix} top SCOREs")
        ax.set_xlabel("Ligand rank")
        ax.set_ylabel("SCORE")
        ax.set_xticks(range(len(vals)))
        ax.set_xticklabels(labels, rotation=60, ha="right", fontsize=8)
        return fig

    for name, fn in (("score_distribution.png", hist), ("top_scores.png", topbar)):
        if path := _plot_or_skip(pdir, name, fn):
            paths.append(path)
        else:
            paths.append(_simple_plot(pdir / name, scores if "distribution" in name else sorted(scores)[:20], "hist" if "distribution" in name else "bar"))
    return paths


def plot_astex_outputs(summary_csv: str | Path, plot_dir: str | Path) -> list[str]:
    pdir = Path(plot_dir)
    pdir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    rows = _read_rows(summary_csv)
    top1 = _floats(rows, "top1_rmsd")
    best = _floats(rows, "best_of_n_rmsd")
    scores = _floats(rows, "top1_SCORE")
    paths: list[str] = []
    if not top1 and not best:
        return paths

    def hist(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))
        if top1:
            ax.hist(top1, alpha=0.65, label="top1", bins=20)
        if best:
            ax.hist(best, alpha=0.65, label="best-of-n", bins=20)
        ax.axvline(2.0, color="black", linestyle="--", linewidth=1)
        ax.set_xlabel("RMSD (A)")
        ax.set_ylabel("Systems")
        handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
        if handles:
            ax.legend()
        return fig

    def scatter(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5, 5))
        ax.scatter(top1[: len(best)], best[: len(top1)], color="#3b6ea8")
        ax.axhline(2.0, color="black", linestyle="--", linewidth=1)
        ax.axvline(2.0, color="black", linestyle="--", linewidth=1)
        ax.set_xlabel("Top1 RMSD (A)")
        ax.set_ylabel("Best-of-n RMSD (A)")
        return fig

    def success_bar(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        top1_success = sum(1 for row in rows if _boolish(row.get("success_top1_rmsd_le_2A")))
        best_success = sum(1 for row in rows if _boolish(row.get("success_best_rmsd_le_2A")))
        total = max(1, len([r for r in rows if r.get("status") == "success"]))
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5, 4))
        ax.bar(["top1 <= 2A", "best <= 2A"], [top1_success / total, best_success / total], color=["#3b6ea8", "#7a9d54"])
        ax.set_ylim(0, 1)
        ax.set_ylabel("Successful fraction")
        return fig

    def score_vs_rmsd(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        n = min(len(scores), len(top1))
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 4))
        ax.scatter(scores[:n], top1[:n], color="#7a4f9d")
        ax.axhline(2.0, color="black", linestyle="--", linewidth=1)
        ax.set_xlabel("Top pose SCORE")
        ax.set_ylabel("Top1 RMSD (A)")
        return fig

    plot_specs = [("rmsd_distribution.png", hist), ("top1_vs_best_rmsd.png", scatter), ("success_rmsd_le_2A.png", success_bar)]
    if scores and top1:
        plot_specs.append(("score_vs_rmsd.png", score_vs_rmsd))
    for name, fn in plot_specs:
        if path := _plot_or_skip(pdir, name, fn):
            paths.append(path)
        else:
            values = scores if name == "score_vs_rmsd.png" else (top1 or []) + (best or [])
            paths.append(_simple_plot(pdir / name, values, "hist"))
    return paths


def plot_dud_outputs(best_csv: str | Path, enrichment_csv: str | Path, plot_dir: str | Path) -> list[str]:
    pdir = Path(plot_dir)
    pdir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    rows = _read_rows(best_csv)
    scores = _floats(rows, "SCORE")
    labels = []
    for row in rows:
        try:
            labels.append(int(float(row.get("label", 0))))
        except Exception:
            labels.append(0)
    paths: list[str] = []
    if not scores:
        return paths

    ordered = sorted(zip(scores, labels), key=lambda x: x[0])
    total_actives = max(1, sum(labels))
    x = [(i + 1) / len(ordered) for i in range(len(ordered))]
    y = []
    seen = 0
    for _, label in ordered:
        seen += int(label)
        y.append(seen / total_actives)
    total_decoys = max(1, len(labels) - sum(labels))
    roc_x: list[float] = []
    roc_y: list[float] = []
    tp = 0
    fp = 0
    for _, label in ordered:
        if int(label) == 1:
            tp += 1
        else:
            fp += 1
        roc_x.append(fp / total_decoys)
        roc_y.append(tp / total_actives)
    ef_rows = _read_rows(enrichment_csv) if Path(enrichment_csv).exists() else []

    def cumulative(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))
        ax.plot(x, y, color="#3b6ea8")
        ax.set_xlabel("Ranked fraction")
        ax.set_ylabel("Cumulative active recovery")
        return fig

    def score_by_label(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))
        active = [s for s, l in zip(scores, labels) if l == 1]
        decoy = [s for s, l in zip(scores, labels) if l == 0]
        if active:
            ax.hist(active, alpha=0.6, label="actives", bins=20)
        if decoy:
            ax.hist(decoy, alpha=0.6, label="decoys", bins=20)
        ax.set_xlabel("SCORE")
        ax.set_ylabel("Ligands")
        handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
        if handles:
            ax.legend()
        return fig

    def roc_curve(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5, 5))
        ax.plot([0, *roc_x], [0, *roc_y], color="#3b6ea8")
        ax.plot([0, 1], [0, 1], color="gray", linestyle="--", linewidth=1)
        ax.set_xlabel("False positive rate")
        ax.set_ylabel("True positive rate")
        return fig

    def semilog_roc(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 4))
        xs = [max(0.0005, v) for v in roc_x]
        ax.plot(xs, roc_y, color="#3b6ea8")
        ax.set_xscale("log")
        ax.set_xlabel("False positive rate")
        ax.set_ylabel("True positive rate")
        return fig

    def ef_bar(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 4))
        labels_ef = [str(row.get("fraction", "")) for row in ef_rows]
        vals = _floats(ef_rows, "enrichment_factor")
        ax.bar(labels_ef, vals, color="#7a9d54")
        ax.set_xlabel("Ranked fraction")
        ax.set_ylabel("Enrichment factor")
        return fig

    plot_specs = [
        ("roc_curve.png", roc_curve),
        ("semilog_roc.png", semilog_roc),
        ("enrichment_factors.png", ef_bar),
        ("cumulative_actives.png", cumulative),
        ("score_distribution_by_label.png", score_by_label),
    ]
    for name, fn in plot_specs:
        if path := _plot_or_skip(pdir, name, fn):
            paths.append(path)
        else:
            paths.append(_simple_plot(pdir / name, y if "cumulative" in name else scores, "bar" if "cumulative" in name else "hist"))
    return paths


def plot_adaptive_benchmark_outputs(
    full_csv: str | Path,
    adaptive_csv: str | Path,
    random_csv: str | Path,
    metrics_json: str | Path,
    plot_dir: str | Path,
) -> list[str]:
    pdir = Path(plot_dir)
    pdir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    full_rows = _read_rows(full_csv)
    adaptive_rows = _read_rows(adaptive_csv)
    random_rows = _read_rows(random_csv)
    metrics = json.loads(Path(metrics_json).read_text(encoding="utf-8")) if Path(metrics_json).exists() else {}
    full_scores = _floats(full_rows, "SCORE")
    adaptive_scores = _floats(adaptive_rows, "SCORE")
    random_scores = _floats(random_rows, "SCORE")
    paths: list[str] = []
    if not full_scores:
        return paths

    def cumulative_best(rows: list[dict[str, str]]) -> list[float]:
        vals = _floats(rows, "SCORE")
        best: list[float] = []
        current = float("inf")
        for value in vals:
            current = min(current, value)
            best.append(current)
        return best

    def cumulative_plot(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))
        full_curve = cumulative_best(full_rows)
        adaptive_curve = cumulative_best(adaptive_rows)
        random_curve = cumulative_best(random_rows)
        if full_curve:
            ax.plot(range(1, len(full_curve) + 1), full_curve, label="full")
        if adaptive_curve:
            ax.plot(range(1, len(adaptive_curve) + 1), adaptive_curve, label="adaptive")
        if random_curve:
            ax.plot(range(1, len(random_curve) + 1), random_curve, label="random")
        ax.set_xlabel("Docked ligand count")
        ax.set_ylabel("Best SCORE so far")
        handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
        if handles:
            ax.legend()
        return fig

    def percentile_bar(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 4))
        labels = ["adaptive", "random", "full"]
        vals = [
            float(metrics.get("adaptive_best_percentile_of_full", 0.0) or 0.0),
            float(metrics.get("random_best_percentile_of_full", 0.0) or 0.0),
            float(metrics.get("full_best_percentile_of_full", 100.0) or 100.0),
        ]
        ax.bar(labels, vals, color=["#3b6ea8", "#bf7f2f", "#7a9d54"])
        ax.set_ylim(0, 100)
        ax.set_ylabel("Percentile in full ranking")
        return fig

    def runtime_bar(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 4))
        labels = ["full docking", "adaptive docking", "random docking", "adaptive model"]
        vals = [
            float(metrics.get("full_docking_seconds", 0.0) or 0.0),
            float(metrics.get("adaptive_docking_seconds", 0.0) or 0.0),
            float(metrics.get("random_docking_seconds", 0.0) or 0.0),
            float(metrics.get("adaptive_model_seconds", 0.0) or 0.0),
        ]
        ax.bar(labels, vals, color=["#7a9d54", "#3b6ea8", "#bf7f2f", "#7a4f9d"])
        ax.set_ylabel("Seconds")
        ax.tick_params(axis="x", rotation=20)
        return fig

    def success_bar(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 4))
        labels = ["full ok", "adaptive ok", "random ok", "failed"]
        vals = [
            float(metrics.get("full_success_count", 0.0) or 0.0),
            float(metrics.get("adaptive_success_count", 0.0) or 0.0),
            float(metrics.get("random_success_count", 0.0) or 0.0),
            float(metrics.get("failed_docking_count", 0.0) or 0.0),
        ]
        ax.bar(labels, vals, color=["#7a9d54", "#3b6ea8", "#bf7f2f", "#b14d4d"])
        ax.set_ylabel("Ligands")
        ax.tick_params(axis="x", rotation=15)
        return fig

    def model_scatter(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 4))
        xs = _floats(adaptive_rows, "model_score")
        ys = _floats(adaptive_rows, "SCORE")
        n = min(len(xs), len(ys))
        ax.scatter(xs[:n], ys[:n], color="#3b6ea8")
        ax.set_xlabel("Model score")
        ax.set_ylabel("rDock SCORE")
        return fig

    plot_specs = [
        ("cumulative_best_score.png", cumulative_plot),
        ("adaptive_random_full_percentile.png", percentile_bar),
        ("runtime_summary.png", runtime_bar),
        ("success_failure_summary.png", success_bar),
    ]
    if _floats(adaptive_rows, "model_score"):
        plot_specs.append(("model_vs_rdock_score.png", model_scatter))
    for name, fn in plot_specs:
        if path := _plot_or_skip(pdir, name, fn):
            paths.append(path)
        else:
            fallback = full_scores
            if name == "adaptive_random_full_percentile.png":
                fallback = [
                    float(metrics.get("adaptive_best_percentile_of_full", 0.0) or 0.0),
                    float(metrics.get("random_best_percentile_of_full", 0.0) or 0.0),
                    float(metrics.get("full_best_percentile_of_full", 100.0) or 100.0),
                ]
            paths.append(_simple_plot(pdir / name, fallback, "bar" if "summary" in name or "percentile" in name else "hist"))
    return paths


def plot_multifidelity_outputs(
    trace_csv: str | Path,
    final_hits_csv: str | Path,
    random_csv: str | Path,
    single_csv: str | Path,
    full_csv: str | Path,
    metrics_json: str | Path,
    plot_dir: str | Path,
) -> list[str]:
    pdir = Path(plot_dir)
    pdir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    trace_rows = _read_rows(trace_csv) if Path(trace_csv).exists() else []
    final_rows = _read_rows(final_hits_csv) if Path(final_hits_csv).exists() else []
    random_rows = _read_rows(random_csv) if Path(random_csv).exists() else []
    single_rows = _read_rows(single_csv) if Path(single_csv).exists() else []
    full_rows = _read_rows(full_csv) if Path(full_csv).exists() else []
    metrics = json.loads(Path(metrics_json).read_text(encoding="utf-8")) if Path(metrics_json).exists() else {}
    run_dir = pdir.parent
    raw_rows = _read_rows(run_dir / "tables" / "final_hits_raw.csv") if (run_dir / "tables" / "final_hits_raw.csv").exists() else []
    downranked_rows = _read_rows(run_dir / "tables" / "final_hits_downranked.csv") if (run_dir / "tables" / "final_hits_downranked.csv").exists() else []
    filtered_rows = _read_rows(run_dir / "tables" / "final_hits_filtered.csv") if (run_dir / "tables" / "final_hits_filtered.csv").exists() else []
    validation_metrics = json.loads((run_dir / "metrics" / "validation_metrics.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")) if (run_dir / "metrics" / "validation_metrics.json").exists() else {}
    comparability = json.loads((run_dir / "metrics" / "comparability_audit.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")) if (run_dir / "metrics" / "comparability_audit.json").exists() else {}
    paths: list[str] = []
    if not trace_rows:
        return paths

    def cumulative_best_vs_cost(rows: list[dict[str, str]], score_key: str = "current_best_score"):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        ordered = sorted(rows, key=lambda row: (_float_or_zero(row.get("n_rdock_runs_total_spent", 0.0)), _float_or_zero(row.get("selected_fidelity_runs", 0.0))))
        xs: list[float] = []
        ys: list[float] = []
        current = float("inf")
        for row in ordered:
            score = _float_or_zero(row.get(score_key, row.get("SCORE", 0.0)))
            if score == 0.0 and row.get(score_key, row.get("SCORE", "")) in ("", None):
                continue
            current = min(current, score)
            xs.append(_float_or_zero(row.get("n_rdock_runs_total_spent", 0.0)))
            ys.append(current)
        return xs, ys

    def best_vs_cost(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))
        xs, ys = cumulative_best_vs_cost(trace_rows)
        if xs and ys:
            ax.plot(xs, ys, label="multifidelity")
        random_vals = sorted(_floats(random_rows, "final_score") or _floats(random_rows, "SCORE"))
        if random_vals:
            ax.axhline(random_vals[0], color="#bf7f2f", linestyle="--", label="random best")
        full_vals = sorted(_floats(full_rows, "SCORE"))
        if full_vals:
            ax.axhline(full_vals[0], color="#7a9d54", linestyle=":", label="full best")
        ax.set_title("Best score vs cumulative rDock cost")
        ax.set_xlabel("Total rDock runs spent")
        ax.set_ylabel("Best SCORE so far")
        handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
        if handles:
            ax.legend()
        return fig

    def best_filtered_vs_cost(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))

        def _curve(rows: list[dict[str, str]], score_keys: list[str], x_keys: list[str]) -> tuple[list[float], list[float]]:
            ordered = sorted(rows, key=lambda row: (_first_float(row, x_keys) or float("inf"), str(row.get("ligand_id", ""))))
            xs: list[float] = []
            ys: list[float] = []
            current = float("inf")
            for row in ordered:
                x = _first_float(row, x_keys)
                y = _first_float(row, score_keys)
                if x is None or y is None:
                    continue
                current = min(current, y)
                xs.append(x)
                ys.append(current)
            return xs, ys

        mf_xs, mf_ys = _curve(filtered_rows, ["filtered_score", "adjusted_score", "ranking_score", "final_score", "SCORE"], ["n_rdock_runs_total_spent", "runs_spent"])
        rnd_xs, rnd_ys = _curve(random_rows, ["filtered_score", "final_score", "best_score", "SCORE"], ["n_rdock_runs_total_spent", "runs_spent"])
        sgl_xs, sgl_ys = _curve(single_rows, ["filtered_score", "final_score", "best_score", "SCORE"], ["n_rdock_runs_total_spent", "runs_spent"])
        if mf_xs:
            ax.plot(mf_xs, mf_ys, label="adaptive filtered", color="#3b6ea8")
        if rnd_xs:
            ax.plot(rnd_xs, rnd_ys, label="random filtered", color="#bf7f2f")
        if sgl_xs:
            ax.plot(sgl_xs, sgl_ys, label="single filtered", color="#7a4f9d")
        ax.set_title("Cumulative best filtered score versus total rDock runs")
        ax.set_xlabel("Total rDock runs spent")
        ax.set_ylabel("Best filtered SCORE so far")
        handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
        if handles:
            ax.legend()
        ax.grid(True, alpha=0.25)
        return fig

    def best_downranked_vs_cost(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))
        ordered = sorted(downranked_rows, key=lambda row: (_first_float(row, ["n_rdock_runs_total_spent", "runs_spent"]) or float("inf"), str(row.get("ligand_id", ""))))
        xs: list[float] = []
        ys: list[float] = []
        current = float("inf")
        for row in ordered:
            x = _first_float(row, ["n_rdock_runs_total_spent", "runs_spent"])
            y = _first_float(row, ["adjusted_score", "ranking_score", "final_score", "SCORE"])
            if x is None or y is None:
                continue
            current = min(current, y)
            xs.append(x)
            ys.append(current)
        if xs:
            ax.plot(xs, ys, color="#3b6ea8", label="adaptive downranked")
        ax.set_title("Cumulative best downranked score versus total rDock runs")
        ax.set_xlabel("Total rDock runs spent")
        ax.set_ylabel("Best downranked SCORE so far")
        handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
        if handles:
            ax.legend()
        ax.grid(True, alpha=0.25)
        return fig

    def best_vs_walltime(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))
        ordered = sorted(trace_rows, key=lambda row: _float_or_zero(row.get("timing_docking_seconds", 0.0)) + _float_or_zero(row.get("timing_training_seconds", 0.0)))
        xs: list[float] = []
        ys: list[float] = []
        elapsed = 0.0
        current = float("inf")
        for row in ordered:
            score = _float_or_zero(row.get("current_best_score", row.get("SCORE", 0.0)))
            elapsed += _float_or_zero(row.get("timing_docking_seconds", 0.0)) + _float_or_zero(row.get("timing_training_seconds", 0.0))
            current = min(current, score)
            xs.append(elapsed)
            ys.append(current)
        if xs and ys:
            ax.plot(xs, ys, color="#3b6ea8")
        ax.set_title("Best score vs elapsed benchmark time")
        ax.set_xlabel("Walltime (s)")
        ax.set_ylabel("Best SCORE so far")
        return fig

    def cost_balance_bar(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(12, 4))
        strategies = ["adaptive", "random", "single"]
        runs = [
            float(metrics.get("multifidelity_total_runs_spent", 0.0) or 0.0),
            float(metrics.get("random_total_runs_spent", 0.0) or 0.0),
            float(metrics.get("single_fidelity_total_runs_spent", 0.0) or 0.0),
        ]
        wall = [
            float(metrics.get("walltime_total_seconds", 0.0) or 0.0),
            float(metrics.get("random_walltime_seconds", 0.0) or 0.0),
            float(metrics.get("single_fidelity_walltime_seconds", 0.0) or 0.0),
        ]
        ligs = [
            len({str(row.get("ligand_id", "")) for row in final_rows if str(row.get("ligand_id", ""))}),
            len({str(row.get("ligand_id", "")) for row in random_rows if str(row.get("ligand_id", ""))}),
            len({str(row.get("ligand_id", "")) for row in single_rows if str(row.get("ligand_id", ""))}),
        ]
        for ax, values, title, ylabel in zip(
            axes,
            [runs, wall, ligs],
            ["Total rDock runs spent", "Walltime by strategy", "Ligands evaluated by strategy"],
            ["Runs", "Seconds", "Ligands"],
        ):
            ax.bar(strategies, values, color=["#3b6ea8", "#bf7f2f", "#7a4f9d"])
            ax.set_title(title)
            ax.set_ylabel(ylabel)
            ax.tick_params(axis="x", rotation=15)
        return fig

    def fidelity_counts(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        counts: dict[str, int] = {}
        for row in trace_rows:
            level = str(row.get("selected_fidelity_runs", ""))
            counts[level] = counts.get(level, 0) + 1
        labels = sorted(counts, key=lambda x: int(x or 0))
        vals = [counts[label] for label in labels]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 4))
        ax.bar(labels, vals, color="#3b6ea8")
        ax.set_title("Ligands screened at each fidelity level")
        ax.set_xlabel("Fidelity runs")
        ax.set_ylabel("Ligands screened")
        return fig

    def promotion_funnel(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        counts: dict[str, int] = {}
        for row in trace_rows:
            level = str(row.get("selected_fidelity_runs", ""))
            counts[level] = counts.get(level, 0) + 1
        labels = sorted(counts, key=lambda x: int(x or 0))
        vals = [counts[label] for label in labels]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 4))
        ax.plot(range(len(vals)), vals, marker="o", color="#7a4f9d")
        ax.set_xticks(range(len(vals)))
        ax.set_xticklabels(labels)
        ax.set_title("Promotion funnel across fidelity levels")
        ax.set_xlabel("Fidelity runs")
        ax.set_ylabel("Ligands")
        return fig

    def percentile_bar(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 4))
        percentile_keys = [
            metrics.get("multifidelity_percentile_vs_full"),
            metrics.get("random_percentile_vs_full"),
            metrics.get("single_fidelity_percentile_vs_full"),
        ]
        if all(value in (None, "", "NA") for value in percentile_keys):
            ax.axis("off")
            message = (
                "Percentile versus full reference is not available.\n"
                "This run used sampled reference or otherwise lacks\n"
                "a complete comparable full-reference ranking."
            )
            ax.text(0.5, 0.55, message, ha="center", va="center", fontsize=11)
            ax.set_title("Percentile against full reference: not available")
            return fig
        labels = ["multifidelity", "random", "single", "full"]
        vals = [
            float(metrics.get("multifidelity_percentile_vs_full", 0.0) or 0.0),
            float(metrics.get("random_percentile_vs_full", 0.0) or 0.0),
            float(metrics.get("single_fidelity_percentile_vs_full", 0.0) or 0.0),
            100.0,
        ]
        ax.bar(labels, vals, color=["#3b6ea8", "#bf7f2f", "#7a4f9d", "#7a9d54"])
        ax.set_ylim(0, 100)
        ax.set_title("Percentile against full reference")
        ax.set_ylabel("Percentile in full ranking")
        return fig

    def score_by_level(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))
        levels = sorted({str(row.get("selected_fidelity_runs", "")) for row in trace_rows}, key=lambda x: int(x or 0))
        for level in levels:
            vals = [_float_or_zero(row.get("SCORE", 0.0)) for row in trace_rows if str(row.get("selected_fidelity_runs", "")) == level and row.get("SCORE", "") not in ("", None)]
            if vals:
                ax.hist(vals, bins=min(25, max(5, len(vals) // 3)), alpha=0.45, label=level)
        ax.set_title("Score distribution at each fidelity level")
        ax.set_xlabel("SCORE")
        ax.set_ylabel("Records")
        ax.legend(title="runs")
        return fig

    def intra_hist(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        vals = [_float_or_zero(row.get("SCORE.INTRA", 0.0)) for row in trace_rows if row.get("SCORE.INTRA", "") not in ("", None)]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))
        ax.hist(vals, bins=min(30, max(5, len(vals) // 3)), color="#bf7f2f")
        ax.set_title("Distribution of SCORE.INTRA values")
        ax.set_xlabel("SCORE.INTRA")
        ax.set_ylabel("Records")
        return fig

    def score_vs_intra(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        xs = [_float_or_zero(row.get("SCORE.INTRA", 0.0)) for row in trace_rows if row.get("SCORE", "") not in ("", None) and row.get("SCORE.INTRA", "") not in ("", None)]
        ys = [_float_or_zero(row.get("SCORE", 0.0)) for row in trace_rows if row.get("SCORE", "") not in ("", None) and row.get("SCORE.INTRA", "") not in ("", None)]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 4))
        if xs and ys:
            ax.scatter(xs, ys, c=["#b14d4d" if _boolish(row.get("intra_outlier", "")) else "#3b6ea8" for row in trace_rows[: min(len(xs), len(trace_rows))]], alpha=0.7)
        ax.set_title("Score vs intra-molecular strain component")
        ax.set_xlabel("SCORE.INTRA")
        ax.set_ylabel("SCORE")
        return fig

    def score_vs_inter(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        candidates = []
        for source_name, rows in [("adaptive", raw_rows), ("random", random_rows), ("single", single_rows)]:
            for row in rows:
                inter = _first_float(row, ["SCORE.INTER"])
                score = _first_float(row, ["final_score", "best_score", "SCORE"])
                if inter is None or score is None:
                    continue
                warnings = str(row.get("warnings", row.get("component_warning", "")))
                candidates.append((inter, score, source_name, warnings))
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 5))
        colors = {"adaptive": "#3b6ea8", "random": "#bf7f2f", "single": "#7a4f9d"}
        for source_name in ["adaptive", "random", "single"]:
            xs = [item[0] for item in candidates if item[2] == source_name]
            ys = [item[1] for item in candidates if item[2] == source_name]
            if xs:
                ax.scatter(xs, ys, alpha=0.65, label=source_name, color=colors[source_name])
        ax.set_title("Docking score versus SCORE.INTER by strategy")
        ax.set_xlabel("SCORE.INTER")
        ax.set_ylabel("SCORE")
        handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
        if handles:
            ax.legend()
        return fig

    def intra_fraction_distribution(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))
        strategy_rows = [("adaptive", raw_rows, "#3b6ea8"), ("random", random_rows, "#bf7f2f"), ("single", single_rows, "#7a4f9d")]
        for label, rows, color in strategy_rows:
            vals = [_first_float(row, ["intra_fraction"]) for row in rows]
            vals = [float(v) for v in vals if v is not None]
            if vals:
                ax.hist(vals, bins=20, alpha=0.45, label=label, color=color)
        ax.set_title("Distribution of intra-fraction by strategy")
        ax.set_xlabel("intra_fraction = abs(SCORE.INTRA) / abs(SCORE)")
        ax.set_ylabel("Ligand count")
        handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
        if handles:
            ax.legend()
        return fig

    def topk_comparison(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))
        ks = [1, 5, 10, 20]
        strategy_sets = [
            ("adaptive", filtered_rows, ["filtered_score", "adjusted_score", "final_score", "SCORE"], "#3b6ea8"),
            ("random", random_rows, ["filtered_score", "final_score", "best_score", "SCORE"], "#bf7f2f"),
            ("single", single_rows, ["filtered_score", "final_score", "best_score", "SCORE"], "#7a4f9d"),
        ]
        for label, rows, keys, color in strategy_sets:
            ranked = sorted(((_first_float(row, keys), row) for row in rows), key=lambda item: item[0] if item[0] is not None else float("inf"))
            vals = []
            for k in ks:
                chunk = [item[0] for item in ranked[:k] if item[0] is not None]
                vals.append(sum(chunk) / len(chunk) if chunk else math.nan)
            ax.plot(ks, vals, marker="o", linewidth=2, label=label, color=color)
        ax.set_title("Top-k filtered score comparison")
        ax.set_xlabel("Top-k hits included")
        ax.set_ylabel("Mean filtered SCORE")
        ax.legend()
        ax.grid(True, alpha=0.25)
        return fig

    def promotion_funnel_quality(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(13, 4))
        levels = sorted({str(row.get("selected_fidelity_runs", "")) for row in trace_rows}, key=lambda x: int(x or 0))
        counts = []
        median_scores = []
        median_intra = []
        flagged_frac = []
        for level in levels:
            items = [row for row in trace_rows if str(row.get("selected_fidelity_runs", "")) == level]
            counts.append(len(items))
            scores = sorted([_first_float(row, ["ranking_score", "SCORE"]) for row in items if _first_float(row, ["ranking_score", "SCORE"]) is not None])
            med_score = scores[len(scores) // 2] if scores else math.nan
            median_scores.append(med_score)
            intra_vals = sorted([_first_float(row, ["intra_fraction"]) for row in items if _first_float(row, ["intra_fraction"]) is not None])
            median_intra.append(intra_vals[len(intra_vals) // 2] if intra_vals else math.nan)
            flagged = sum(1 for row in items if str(row.get("component_warning", row.get("warnings", ""))).strip())
            flagged_frac.append((flagged / len(items)) if items else math.nan)
        axes[0].bar(levels, counts, color="#3b6ea8")
        axes[0].set_title("Promotion funnel counts")
        axes[0].set_xlabel("Fidelity runs")
        axes[0].set_ylabel("Ligands")
        axes[1].plot(levels, median_scores, marker="o", color="#7a4f9d")
        axes[1].set_title("Median score by fidelity")
        axes[1].set_xlabel("Fidelity runs")
        axes[1].set_ylabel("Median SCORE")
        axes[2].plot(levels, flagged_frac, marker="o", color="#bf7f2f")
        axes[2].set_title("Flagged fraction by fidelity")
        axes[2].set_xlabel("Fidelity runs")
        axes[2].set_ylabel("Fraction flagged")
        return fig

    def score_component_breakdown(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        ordered = sorted(raw_rows, key=lambda row: _first_float(row, ["final_score", "best_score", "SCORE"]) or float("inf"))[:10]
        labels = [str(row.get("ligand_id", ""))[-12:] for row in ordered]
        inter = [_first_float(row, ["SCORE.INTER"]) or 0.0 for row in ordered]
        intra = [_first_float(row, ["SCORE.INTRA"]) or 0.0 for row in ordered]
        restr = [_first_float(row, ["SCORE.RESTR"]) or 0.0 for row in ordered]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 5))
        ax.bar(range(len(labels)), inter, label="SCORE.INTER", color="#3b6ea8")
        ax.bar(range(len(labels)), intra, bottom=inter, label="SCORE.INTRA", color="#bf7f2f")
        bottoms = [a + b for a, b in zip(inter, intra)]
        ax.bar(range(len(labels)), restr, bottom=bottoms, label="SCORE.RESTR", color="#7a4f9d")
        ax.set_xticks(range(len(labels)))
        ax.set_xticklabels(labels, rotation=45, ha="right")
        ax.set_title("Score component breakdown for top raw hits")
        ax.set_xlabel("Ligand")
        ax.set_ylabel("Score component value")
        ax.legend()
        return fig

    def benchmark_status_panel(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9, 3))
        ax.axis("off")
        lines = [
            f"Benchmark status: {metrics.get('benchmark_status', 'unknown')}",
            f"Comparable: {comparability.get('comparable', 'unknown')}",
            f"Reference mode: {comparability.get('reference_mode', metrics.get('reference_mode', 'unknown'))}",
            f"Cost ratio random/adaptive: {comparability.get('cost_ratio_random_vs_multifidelity', 'NA')}",
            f"Cost ratio single/adaptive: {comparability.get('cost_ratio_single_vs_multifidelity', 'NA')}",
            f"Filtered outliers: {metrics.get('filtered_outlier_count', 0)}",
        ]
        reasons = comparability.get("reasons", [])
        if reasons:
            lines.append("Reasons:")
            lines.extend(f"- {reason}" for reason in reasons[:5])
        ax.text(0.01, 0.98, "\n".join(lines), va="top", ha="left", fontsize=10, family="monospace")
        return fig

    def top_hits_bar(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        ordered = sorted(
            [row for row in final_rows if str(row.get("is_final_fidelity", "")).lower() in {"true", "1"}],
            key=lambda row: _float_or_zero(row.get("final_score", row.get("current_best_score", 0.0))),
        )[:20]
        labels = [str(row.get("ligand_id", "")) for row in ordered]
        vals = [_float_or_zero(row.get("final_score", row.get("current_best_score", 0.0))) for row in ordered]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9, 4))
        ax.bar(range(len(vals)), vals, color="#7a9d54")
        ax.set_xticks(range(len(vals)))
        ax.set_xticklabels(labels, rotation=60, ha="right", fontsize=8)
        ax.set_title("Top final-fidelity hits")
        ax.set_ylabel("Final SCORE")
        return fig

    def training_vs_docking(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 4))
        ax.bar(
            ["training", "docking", "overhead"],
            [
                float(metrics.get("training_time_seconds", 0.0) or 0.0),
                float(metrics.get("docking_time_seconds", 0.0) or 0.0),
                float(metrics.get("overhead_unclassified_seconds", 0.0) or 0.0),
            ],
            color=["#7a4f9d", "#3b6ea8", "#bf7f2f"],
        )
        ax.set_title("Runtime split")
        ax.set_ylabel("Seconds")
        return fig

    def score_timeline_by_mode(plt):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9, 5))

        def timeline_series(rows: list[dict[str, str]], keys: list[str], final_only: bool = False) -> tuple[list[int], list[float]]:
            series: list[float] = []
            ordered_rows = rows
            if final_only:
                ordered_rows = [row for row in rows if str(row.get("is_final_fidelity", "")).lower() in {"true", "1"}]
                ordered_rows = sorted(
                    ordered_rows,
                    key=lambda row: (
                        _float_or_zero(row.get("batch_id", 0.0)),
                        _float_or_zero(row.get("n_rdock_runs_total_spent", 0.0)),
                        str(row.get("ligand_id", "")),
                    ),
                )
            for row in ordered_rows:
                value = _first_float(row, keys)
                if value is None:
                    continue
                series.append(value)
            return list(range(1, len(series) + 1)), series

        mode_specs = [
            ("reference", full_rows, ["best_score", "SCORE"], False, "#7a9d54"),
            ("adaptive final", final_rows, ["final_score", "current_best_score", "SCORE"], True, "#3b6ea8"),
            ("random", random_rows, ["final_score", "best_score", "SCORE"], False, "#bf7f2f"),
            ("single fidelity", single_rows, ["final_score", "best_score", "SCORE"], False, "#7a4f9d"),
        ]
        for label, rows, keys, final_only, color in mode_specs:
            xs, ys = timeline_series(rows, keys, final_only=final_only)
            if not xs:
                continue
            ax.plot(xs, ys, marker="o", markersize=3, linewidth=1.5, alpha=0.85, label=label, color=color)
        ax.set_title("Timeline of processed ligand energies by benchmark mode")
        ax.set_xlabel("Processed ligand index within mode")
        ax.set_ylabel("Docking SCORE")
        ax.legend()
        ax.grid(True, alpha=0.25)
        return fig

    plot_specs = [
        ("cumulative_best_filtered_score_vs_runs.png", best_filtered_vs_cost),
        ("cumulative_best_downranked_score_vs_runs.png", best_downranked_vs_cost),
        ("cumulative_best_final_score_vs_runs.png", best_vs_cost),
        ("cumulative_best_score_vs_walltime.png", best_vs_walltime),
        ("cost_balance_comparison.png", cost_balance_bar),
        ("ligands_per_fidelity_level.png", fidelity_counts),
        ("promotion_funnel.png", promotion_funnel),
        ("promotion_funnel_with_quality.png", promotion_funnel_quality),
        ("adaptive_vs_random_vs_full_percentile.png", percentile_bar),
        ("score_distribution_by_fidelity.png", score_by_level),
        ("score_intra_distribution.png", intra_hist),
        ("score_vs_score_intra_scatter.png", score_vs_intra),
        ("score_vs_score_inter_scatter.png", score_vs_inter),
        ("intra_fraction_distribution_by_strategy.png", intra_fraction_distribution),
        ("topk_filtered_score_comparison.png", topk_comparison),
        ("score_component_breakdown_top_hits.png", score_component_breakdown),
        ("benchmark_status_panel.png", benchmark_status_panel),
        ("top_final_hits.png", top_hits_bar),
        ("training_vs_docking_time.png", training_vs_docking),
        ("ligand_energy_timeline_by_mode.png", score_timeline_by_mode),
    ]
    for name, fn in plot_specs:
        if path := _plot_or_skip(pdir, name, fn):
            paths.append(path)
        else:
            vals = _floats(trace_rows, "SCORE")
            paths.append(_simple_plot(pdir / name, vals, "bar" if "percentile" in name or "fidelity" in name or "top_" in name or "training" in name else "hist"))
    return paths