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Where does ISIS get those orange jumpsuits for its hostages from? Is it manufactured within ISIS territory?
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There have probably been hundreds of millions of orange jumpsuits manufactured over the past few decades. I'm sure it's not hard for anyone to find a few for sale. Try the internet.
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Why does bond buying by the US Federal Reserve keep interest rates from going up (and why does that surge stocks and gold prices)?
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Imagine a bond as a promise to pay a fixed amount. To simplify, let's say any borrower just auctions off slips of paper that say "I will pay you $100, 1 year from today." If the auction sells the slips of paper at $50 apiece, then the interest rate is 100% -- the borrower will have to repay twice what they got. If the sales price is $100, the interest rate is 0% -- they don't pay any more than they borrowed. When the Fed buys up bonds, they are bidding up the price in exactly such an auction. Bidding up the sale price is the same as lowering interest rates. Traditionally, the Fed only bought US federal government bonds. "Quantitative Easing" is just the decision to also bid up the price on various business debt securities. When lending only offers low/zero interest rates, investors see lending as a bad way to make money. Instead, they look for other ways to invest -- like buying stock or commodities. This drives up the prices on those markets.
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Can space debris shadow stars?
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If the debris was large enough, sure it could momentarily block the light of a star. However, there are two reasons why we would never expect it to be completely blocking out our view of a star system. 1) We look at space from many different places, both on earth and in space, like the Hubble telescope. It would have to be absolutely massive to block out the view of a star from all those different angles. 2) Things in space move, really really fast. If they didn't, they'd quickly fall into the nearest planet or the sun. So even if a piece of debris did block your view, it would quickly move out of the way.
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Why is AWD better than FWD and FWD better than RWD driving on snow?
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There is a video going around that shows a RWD car will do better with good tires than an AWD car will do with shit all seasons. Basically, it boils down to traction. Rear wheel drive powers only the rear wheels. This works amazing on dry pavement where the weight transfers to the rear. Whenever the pavement is wet or slick, you rarely put enough power to shift the weight rearward and hook up. The result is you spin the wheels that then makes you unstable. FWD is better at this because the fat engine up front is always over the tires. But that is why FWD is worse at acceleration on dry pavement. AWD powers all 4 wheels . Therefore you will not slip outside to lose too much control. But you can still lose control with AWDAWD is always going to be the most stable option since, if any wheel slips, you have all the others that can supply power to keep the vehicle movingstroller theory doesnt work. RWD sucks in the snow because almost all cars have more weight in the front . So when it comes to traction in slick conditions, FWD will work better. Then theres control, if your rear tires spin, the car tends to drift sideways. AWD works because more is always better.
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Mosquitos are key vectors in the spread of many (malaria, West Nile virus, dengue, etc.). How would wiping them off the face of the earth negatively affect various ecosystems?
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The biggest change will be allowing people to live longer and healthier lives. Problems like malaria, dengue and now zika virus are a major reason why many tropical areas are third world countries. There are probably other species whose numbers are kept in check by mosquito-born diseases. As for environment, not much. There are plenty of mosquitoes that don't spread these deseases - or don't even bite - as well as other insects to support the fish and bird life if we wiped out the troublesome *aides* and *Anopheles* species.
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Why do masses attract?
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The more dense an object is, the more it indents in space-time. Think of it like placing a bowling ball on a trampoline, and then throwing marbles on the trampoline and watch them be 'attracted' to the bowling ball. When things exist they take up space they do not add space, therefore they will always indent and attract, instead of elevate and repel.
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Why is road kill most always off to the side of the road when it usually is hit within the middle of the road?
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Typically the animal is hit with the front/ side of the vehicle. Where it is knocked back to the side of the road. If hit dead on 99% of the time somone will drag the animal to the side of the road so it isnt a danger to others.The smaller animals that tend to get completely squished and killed instantly, at least in my own experience, tend to stay right where they are. Eventually they turn into a grease spot from being constantly run over, or if in the foothills a coyote/cougar/carrion bird drags them off. The bigger animals, though, and this is a gruesome thought, I think they try to drag themselves away sometimes, but usually they get hung up in the vehicle and don't really come loose until the driver pulls over. I once followed a giant streak of blood in the middle lane, like somebody spilled a can of red paint, all the way to half a deer on the side of the freeway. I don't know what happened to the other half of the deer.
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What is telemetry in computer security? And why is it in the headlines in regards to Windows 10?
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Telemetry in Windows 10 allows Microsoft to access the metadata of your machine and what you do. It's an attempt to more effectively combat the bugs and glitches of the new OS, and optimize it for general user's needs. For example, Windows 10 telemetry in the technical preview will collect snippets of your voice inputs to Cortana, compare it to what the system thought you said, and return that information to Microsoft. They also collect tiny snippets of the text and compare it to what autocorrect/spellcheck would've written to make it more effective. But, the most common telemetry metadata that MS collects from w10 is stuff like opening files - how long it took to open the file, what program you used , and the type of the file.More information is available on Microsoft's Privacy Statement for the Technical Preview here - [Link]
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how cancer starts and why it spreads at different speeds through different body parts
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Cancer is essentially a partially damaged cell that can replicate. Normally, tumor cells are removed via the lymphatic system. Some areas of the body don't have easy access to the lymphatic system, so they can't be removed. For example, brain tumors are inside the blood brain barrier and prostate tumors are deep inside the prostate. If a cancer enters the lymphatic system, it can spread to other organs , which is why lymphoma is a deadly cancer. The same is true for cancers traveling through blood vessels.The immune system is incredibly good at destroying malfunctioning cells. Many cells will get random errors that cause them to not function, or multiply uncontrollably. These errors happen all the time. Almost of these broken cells are caught by the immune system and destroyed. Cancer cells are the few that survive. Any cell can become cancerous. Cancer is caused by the malfunctioning cells that the immune system missed.
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Why do Actors get paid so much? How is their pay structured?
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It depends on the money which can be generated. With shows the money comes from advertising. If the show producers know they can earn advertising dollars then they are willing to pay big bucks.Rates are negotiated by the actor's agent. . They would have a contract for this many episodes for the price, but it expires. On a show like Big Bang Theory, it is the most popular sitcom on TV, Jim Parsons is the highest paid TV actor, os it's certainly not the norm. But he's a big star and is likely getting movie offers or other shows. BBT has been running for quite a while and his contract has expired several times. The show doesn't knows that if he leaves, the show is over, so they are willing to meet his demands. This gives his agent quite the negotiating power.
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if a person were to live in an environment with more intense gravity would they become stronger?
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Yes, you are correct. Since we aren't going to be traveling to a place with higher gravity any time soon , a common way of replicating this phenomenon is to put on a weight vest. Now you suddenly have to move extra weight and thus would get stronger. Obviously with higher gravity the force is more distributed so everything gets stronger, with a weight vest, obviously your arms wont be strengthened since they aren't weighed down. A sidenote, this could also put extra strain on your biological systems, which could be a bad thing. The immediate one that comes to mind is that your circulation could be affected as it becomes harder for your blood to travel back up from your lower extremities. The extreme example is when people black out from pulling too many g's .
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Quintuplets, how does a woman hold that many babies all the way to term?
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They don't. Twins are usually born prematurely - the more twins, the earlier. The average pregnancy length for quintuplets is around 29 weeks, as opposed to the normal 40 weeks. Additionally, the last few weeks are when the fetus gains the most weight, so a fetus at week 29 only weighs about a third of what it will weigh in week 40, and twins generally weigh less than a normal fetus.
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Why do pills come in different shapes?
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First of all, there are different kinds of pills. * There are pills containing mostly calcium - these doesn't taste bad, and are therefore uncovered.* Other pills are covered in a sugar to eliminate the bad flavor.* Some drugs need to work fast, and are therefore in powder shape, sealed in a thin shell that rapidly dissolves in your stomach. * Some can be chewed * Some doesn't even go in your mouth ;-) Pills are designed, just as every other product in the world. It's business, and to be the best, manufacturers are of cause competing to make a pill that is: * Cheap* Good looking* Easy to swallow* Effective* Taste neutral, or even good flavored* Easy to manufacture* Keep to certain laws and guidelines..* Long lasting **Edit: Formatting**
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What does an orchestra conductor do, and how is one better than another?
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There is a lot more to it. Orchestras play music written for large groups of acoustic instruments. Most of this music was written long before recordings could be made. So the speed of the music is indicated by word phrases. The conductor provides the timing so all play together. Orchestra members have their music in front of them but cannot really hear someone playing on the other side of the stage. Both watch the conductor who gives the timing to them and indicates the volume. There is also the attack. Are the notes played imitating a battle, or a murmuring brook. The conductor is very important. Even individual players have special ways of playing. Listen to some flamenco, to Jimmy Hendrix, Lead Belly, Nirvana, Bob Dylan and others. The written music only indicates what to play. Musicians can play the same piece but you can recognized their style. Orchestras are the same way and conductors have their own style.
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Why do objects that are far away appear to move slowly?
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Because the distance they need to travel in order to move to a different point on your visual arc is much larger. Your hand moving in front of your face very quickly will move from the right side of your vision to the left side, even if you move the hand itself slowly. But a car going by at a racetrack might takie some time to get from one side of your vision to the other, since it has a much further distance to travel. Since it is further away, the "left side of your vision" isn't immediately left of your face but instead a point quite distant from you. Same with the right side. Like this: _URL_0_
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How come glass can be a window, a mirror, or even one way mirror?
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The glass is not responsible for reflection in a mirror. Instead, there is a thin, metallic sheet backing the glass which reflects nearly all light. The glass just overlays the reflective sheet, keeping it flat and probably helping it's reflectivity in ways that I don't understand.
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What happens in my mouth while sleeping to get that gross smell, taste and feel?
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The bacteria that normally cycle through your mouth when you spit, swallow, etc. are instead basically allowed to sit and spread. If you have ever gotten dry mouth, you will notice your mouth feels gross and your breath smells horrible. Same idea, no saliva circulating to clear out bacteria.Your salivary glands that normally kill most bacteria when you are awake, slow down or stop functioning when you sleep. This lets the bacteria in your mouth go crazy and create morning breath!", 'according to my high school anatomy teacher: bacteria poopAlso if you take any medications before bed it can contribute to it.
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What has Benjamin Netanyahu actually accomplished?
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Well, he's done a marvelous job of increasing tension in the region and fanning the flames of an already bad situation. However, chicken hawk is not an apt designation. Unlike his ideological counterparts in the US, like Cheney and Rumsfeld, Netanyahu *did* enlist and fight in combat in the Israeli defense forces. A chicken hawk is somebody who loudly beats the drum for war, but when presented with the option of joining the military themselves, they suddenly have "other priorities," in the famous words of Dick Cheney.
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Why are suicide rates so high wealthy western countries, but in places like Africa, where people are starving and live in terrible conditions, the rates are low?
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The suicide rate is not accurate in most developing countries so it's hard to know. Some countries also deliberately understate the numbers. Also there are forms of disguised suicide where a person will take extreme risks that may lead to fatal injury - for example a teen who join an armed militia, it may be driven by a death wish-", 'A number of reasons: * developed countries take a greater interest in tracking these things, even if they reflect badly on society, which can gives the impression they happen more frequently they often report more domestic violence and sexual assaults as well* many less developed countries have outdated notions of mental illness and take greater efforts to conceal suicides when they occur* it is often difficult to tell if a death was a suicide or something else, and when you live somewhere that untimely death is common, even more so* the same underlying mental illness that leads to suicide can cause death in other ways a subsistence farmer too depressed to work might starve before their depressing is bad enough to commit suicideWhile teen suicides are reported to hell and back , it's actually older people who have greater rates of suicide . To put it bluntly , the less people who make it to older age groups, the less people will be killing themselves. Also, as u/dw_jb points out, suicide rates are pretty much always fuzzy, but particularly in places with understaffed morgue services.
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The Rwanda genocide how did it happen and why?
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Im not going the five year old route since it really isn't that complicated: There were two different cultural groups living in one country, the Hutu and the Tutsi. The Hutu were in the majority, but generally poorer, farmers, while the Tutsi minority were wealthy business owners. Before the 1950s, the country was a colony of Germany, then Belgium. During the colonial years the Germans and Belgians installed the Tutsi into power, increased the division between the two groups by giving them identity cards labelling whether or not they were Tutsi or Hutu, and generally increased the standard of living divide between the two groups. Of course the Hutu felt slighted and were oppressed by the Tutsi. After colonialism ended in the 1950s and 60s, the Hutu managed to over-throw the Tutsi monarchy. Instead of it ending there, the Hutu now oppressed the Tutsi. This went on until 1990 with many Tutsi fleeing the country. What this lead to was a civil war from 1990-1993. Tutsi rebels invaded the country in 1990 to try and regain power, while the Hutu dogma, propaganda and vitriol worsened against the Tutsi, saying they should be exterminated. The UN tried to broker a peace agreement leading to an election in 1993, with a government containing both Tutsi and Hutu. The striking point was in 1994 when a plane carrying the Hutu president of the country was shot down, killing him. This meant that the Tutsi Prime Minister was now rightfully in charge of the country. UN Peacekeepers were dispatched and assigned to protect her, but were overwhelmed by Rwanda army forces. They let the African peacekeepers go and tortured, castrated and killed the Belgian peacekeeprs, along with the Prime Minister. Both sides were blaming the other for shooting down the plane, but years of propaganda by the Hutu majority and preparations had already been in place to exterminate the Tutsis. Radio stations were broad casting messages that all Hutus were obligated to kill any Tutsi, and thus the genocide commenced. So the Rwandan army, militia, and sometimes ordinary citizens began systematically try kill all of the Tutsi population.
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Why do a dog's foot pads smell like popcorn?
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> This corn chips smell is usually caused by some bacteria that are completely natural yet give off a kind of yeasty odor, particularly the bacteria Proteus or Pseudomonas. Many pet owners say they actually ENJOY this smell, so you can relax. _URL_0_', "A better question: Why does popcorn smell like a dog's foot?
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How does my body know when it should wake up when I'm on the bus/train?
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Most times it doesn't. I've seen people sleep through the regular stops heaps of times.Your body is very good at detecting a change in your environment. Thus, when you are on a train for a long time, you get used to the constant speed you are traveling at. When the train slows down to stop, your body recognizes the change and wakes you up. On the other hand, on a bus which stops often, habit is probably more of a factor.
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Why is the Wounded Warrio Project needed, does our government not take care of these soldiers after sending them to war to get maimed?
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Not sufficiently. They get medical care, but help readjusting to life after severe injuries isn't covered by the Veterans Affairs office. Counseling, therapy, and advice on how to return to normal aren't given by the government. There's a reason why many veterans end up homeless. The government does the bare minimum to repair their bodies, but not enough to ensure they recover.
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How does the Moviepass business model work? How do they make money off of $10 a month when it's more than $10 a movie in some places?
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How do they make money? **They don't**. The company is subsidizing tickets using venture capital money. [They're hoping that if they get popular enough, theater owners will give them some money]: > Lowe acknowledges that his company is subsidizing ticket buyers and will lose money in the process. However, he believes that MoviePass will be able to prove its value to movie theaters and studios, and that in the future they will cut the company in on their additional profits. Theater owners could also either pay MoviePass back with advertising or give them a percentage of the concessions sales.
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Who came up with the idea that dying in battle led to afterlife rewards?
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a crafty warlord that needed to rouse troops in order to fight under false pretenses in order to promote his sole agendaI doubt that cynical warlords invented this belief so as to get people to die for them; rather, I imagine it was a tribal belief from times immemorial, since tribes have apparently been prone to war since ancient times and needed to have some belief to give them courage and counteract fear of deathIt stems from their religious beliefs that guarantee a place in heaven if you lead a righteous life. All religions have this belief. Dying in the battlefield, defending your land, was considered to be an honour reserved for the brave and hence it was seen as a guaranteed place in heaven. It was used to motivate people in joining the army/navy as it required huge sacrifices on the part of the troops.The same person who said believe in this and follow these guidelines and you'll be rewarded richly in the afterlife heaven, virgins etc it's all the same thing. Everyone is drinking the same fucking koolaid, only slightly different flavors. It's so fucking funny to listen to christians bash on muslims for being violent animals Oh how the memory clouds depending on the direction you're facing.It seems like a natural step to take if you hold dying in battle as the highest honor for a religious society to attribute a favorable entrance to the afterlife as the end result of this. I feel like I wrote that weirdly.This is just my two cents worth and I may be completely off, but couldn't this belief also be spread by someone who would directly benefit from it? Like someone who made the weapons used in the wars?", 'Like most religious beliefs, it was just very advantageous for leaders to perpetuate the beliefProbably hundreds of people all across the world, long before recorded history startedThe people trying to get other peple to fight for them.
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Why can we easily distinguish between faces in photorealistic games and real faces?
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> Many photorealistic games are indistinguishable from actual photos, except when human faces are there. What exactly is the difference? The difference is *you*. Humans are highly adapted to recognize slight differences in human faces because it is very useful for humans to tell humans apart. Crows for example might look pretty much all the same to humans but crows have no trouble telling each other apart as that is what they are adapted to do. So the reason human faces are so hard to replicate is because humans are unusually picky about them in particularSkin, and faces in particular, are very hard to model accurately. Skin isn't opaque - there's a sheen and surface color but a lot of light goes into the skin and comes out again in interesting ways. See _URL_0_ Eyes have *very* complex optics, also in multiple layers. Muscles underly the skin and have to be modeled accurately for different facial expressions to look right. Wrinkles can't really be modeled, they have to be captured and cleaned up into "wrinkle maps" for key expressions and then interpolated. Blood flow moves around the face as the muscles move around and with emotion. Flush maps are also manually authored by artists. Teeth are complex optically as well, and I don't think a lot of attention has been paid to that yet. They always look a bit wooden.While other answers has their logic in it. I think, in video games or CGs at least, it's the animation. If it's just a still image. Good artists can easily fool people into thinking it's a real person. With animation, it's much harder. Human face has 42 muscles in that tiny space . They move together when you talk or make facial expressions. Even tho textures can be drawn basically identical to real human skin. It's extremely hard to animate all these muscle movement accurately, which result in unnatural facial movements and that's how we notice it.
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Why do our eyes get more dull as we age?
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Your body can not replace lost cells exactly the same every time. Over the years, our body's ability to replace cells is diminished, so our eyes will progressively get worse and worse. this process can be slowed through being healthy and providing the proper nutrients your eyes need, but given enough time, they will degrade like every other part of your body.
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Why haven’t we begun colonizing the moon?
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Cost > Benefit Or as per the conspiracy theory there is an alien observation post and we have a pact not to go thereit's just a cost thing. functionally it's the same as a cold rocky desert. the excitement of Mars is a bigger draw for funds than an outpost on the moon "for the hell of it". we're unlikely to learn much about making a Mars base by doing it on the moon than we couldn't have learned by doing it in an isolated desert on earth', "Why would we do that? You plant a colony to extract resources or get some benefit: gold, tobacco, sugar, a naval base controlling strategic straits. What's on the moon that we need, right now, or even in the next twenty years or so?
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does gum (like orbit advertises) actually clean our teeth?
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Gum that has sugar in it does not. Otherwise it can yes by removing crap off your teeths and also chewing makes your blood go to your teeth feeding them and making them strongerThe production of saliva is what protects and cleans your teeth not entirely the actual gum. Although the gum DOES have the ability to break up and dislodge stuff on the teeth surfaces. Those gums that have the artificial sweeteners actually eat into the enamel of the teeth as well. I guess a little bit of both. _URL_0_ Edit: my claim that artificial sweeteners damage teeth is wrong.
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What do I need to be looking at when switching Broadband packages/providers (ISP)
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Hmm, judging by your use of "pounds" you're probably in the UK, so I can't advise you on any specifics. But with Broadband, there's really only three things to look for: 1. Cost2. Speed 3. Company reliability and service Anything else is really just marketing addons, and can typically be ignored.
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Why is "drinking alone" stigmatized?
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I often drink, to get drunk, alone ,and don't care if it's stigmatized or celebrated. I would prefer to be drunk in my own home, with my own soundtrack, my own volume, and the comfort of my own couch. There's no risk of running into an asshole looking for trouble, there's no risk of getting bored of the people I'm with, there's no risk of spending more than I planned, there's no risk of getting volcanus the next morning from eating Taco Bell..mainly because I don't have one in my house, but I digress. I do enjoy going out, but I stay sober. I prefer drunk interwebzing and listening to my own music. In fact, I'm doing this stigmatized activity right now. Listening to Brown Sabbath and not worrying about anything but somebody showing up unannounced and trying to drink my beers.
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When we sing, why do our voices sound so much better to ourselves than when others hear them or we hear them on a recording?
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Read this to my 5 year old, he didnt understand a word of it. You have let my son down now he will never be presidentIt's the same reason that your voice sounds different on a recording; because you don't actually hear your own voice as it is. You hear it only partly through your ears, but the tone of your voice gets changed because you "hear" the vibrations of it through your skullwe have a different concept and view on our senses then other people do. like if you touch yourself somewhere and someone else touches you in the same spot it feels different. same things with how we perceive ourselves to sound.It's due to how resonance occurs when we sing, and how that is processed by the brain. To put it like you're 5: Imagine your head is in a fishbowl. In front of your mouth is an opening so you can breathe and be heard. When you sing, most of your sound goes out of that opening. However, some of it bounces around and gets stuck. It doesn't directly hit your ears all the time, it hits all different parts of your face and head. Your ears and brain process this weird, mixed up sound, rather than the pure tone that escaped the fishbowl. Now imagine, instead, that the fishbowl is actually your mouth, palate, sinus cavity, nasal cavity, etc. This sound is what we have a better time hearing. The sound that projected out will bounce back to us, perhaps but is fogged up by the other sound.I find if im singing along it masks the pitch with the original vocal. If im singing with no vocal in place then I notice my pitch failures way more. As far as tone goes, some mics are more flattering than others.
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Is the ending scene in Rush Hour, where Carter saves Lee from falling to his death by turning a giant curtain into a slide, actually possible?
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According to the description, "Jackie Chan -- performing his own stunts as per his earlier films.", and other sources back that up. So, I 'd say it's possible but it would depend on the material and the thickness of the fabric. I'm not 100% sure on the physics of it but since he's falling at more of a vertical angle when he first hits it plus the distribution of force throughout most of the surface of the curtain I don't think it would rip or get pulled out of someone's hands depending on the fall positionI watched acrobats at the circus do it earlier this year. They did need two people to hold on to the bottom thoughThe impossible part is that Chris Tucker held the end while he slid down. Falling onto a soft surface that gradually curves would indeed slow your speed and change the direction of inertia from down to across. The speed and force in which Jackie is falling would begin transferring into pull against Chris holding the bottom of the fabric, by the mid way point of the fall Chris would be holding back huge force: the basic weight of the fabric + the weight of jackie + the force jackie is falling, all these things would be pulling the fabric away from Chris as the fabric wants to fall straight down and not have the force of Jackie applied too it. Does this help?', "From a real world situation I have no idea, I'd be inclined to no. For the movie it was done in sections. The fall was broken into two parts - the long fall and then cut to a short fall onto the curtain, for the slide. The slide is also cut into 3 parts. The middle cut which shows Jackie sliding the furthest distance down the curtain gave Jackie friction burns. When analyzing a scene like this - pay particular attention to where it cuts and think about how they can 'cheat' what you are seeing by doing so.
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Why do many websites not allow me to access them until I accept one or multiple cookies?
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In some countries/regions it's a law that users give permission for the site to use cookies. [Link Explanation] In addition, like @StrangelyTypes mentioned, a lot of sites won't function perfectly without the use of cookies, so it's best to ask the user/inform them to turn them on for the best experience.
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Why does fuel efficiency decline so quickly the faster you go?
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Because air resistance increases with the *square* of your vehicle speed. If you double your speed, you quadruple the wind force fighting you. That means your motor has to work four times as hard to keep you at that speed. So you have to burn a lot of fuel to keep it up.
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How come a mother's mother is called a grandmother, but a mother's aunt is called a great aunt and not a grand aunt?
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according to [this source] Grand aunt is also acceptable. In this case grand and great are synonymous but grand is derived from French where great is derived from Old English
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How is music imprinted onto a vinyl record?
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They make a master first. It's usually coated metal. I think acetate on aluminum is the current favorite. It has all of the grooves on it. But you don't want to ruin this by mashing it into vinyl over and over, so they make a "mold" from this master. I use quotes because mold sounds like something you do with plastic or wax where you pour liquid into a mold, but that method isn't used here; think of it as a copy of the master, but easier to use going forward than the aluminum master. The mold or stamper will then be used to press into vinyl over and over.
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What's that (monster) thing in American sinks?
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A grinder that chews up stuff to flush down the drain. So you can get rid of veggie peels and misc food garbage
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What is hard-drive fragmentation and how do programs like defraggler work?
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Your hard drive is a disc divided into sectors that data can be written to. The segments are numbered. If you're on a windows machine, when your computer needs to write something, it counts up until it finds a sector with enough space to hold the data that needs to be written, fills that space, and then moves on to write the next bit. When you do a clean install, of course everything gets written sequentially, but whenever a file is rewritten or deleted, it leaves holes in the disc that get filled in later. Resulting in a mess like [this]. The red file is *fragmented*. So, when your computer needs to access the red file, it goes to the first position, then has to spin the disc all the way around to get to the next one, then spins it again, and so on. This increases the amount of time it takes to read the file substantially. So, you degragment your computer. It rearranges all of the data on the drive to maximize how close different pieces of a file are to each other. Note, that this is a problem largely unique to Windows. Other operating systems, like OSX and Linux prioritize keeping files together when they're first written, and intentionally leave holes for files to grow into so that the disc never gets fragmented.
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How is Friend of the Court, not considered a conflict of interest?
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I have seen lawyers act as a "friend of the court". From my experience it happens when a defendant does not have a lawyer present and the court needs a lawyer to explain a matter of law to the defendant or to stand in while the court address some sort of administrative issue, such as changing a court date or scheduling future dates.I don't understand your question. A conflict of interest between whom?
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The answer to the math problem about the game show where there's three doors with either goats or a car behind them. (Variable change)
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This is called the Monty Hall problem, and [it's a favorite of this subreddit]. A key element to the problem is that Monty knows where the car is and deliberately reveals a goat, which he's always able to do no matter which door you chose first. By doing so, he's giving you some information, which changes the odds. There are two doors remaining, but they are not equal: one is a door that you chose out of 3 possible doors, the other is a door that Monty purposedly left closed, possibly because it has the car behind it. A convenient way to see how the odds change is to imagine that there are 100 doors, you pick one, then Monty opens 98 other doors to reveal goats. Unless you picked the door with the car , Monty had to leave that door closed and open all the others. So there's one chance in 100 that it's behind the door you chose, and 99 chances in 100 that it's behind the other door. It's the same with three doors. The first door you choose has one chance out of three to hide the car, in which case Monty can open any of the other doors. But in the eventuality that you didn't pick the right door then Monty has to leave that door closed and is forced to open the other one. So if you switch, you have two chances out of three to win, rather than one out of three if you don't switch.
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How do speed detectors work?
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There are multiple different types of speed detectors. The three common ones are Radar, LIDAR and cameras. Radar works by sending out radio waves at fixed intervals that hit a car, and the difference in time taken to get to the car and back can calculate the speed of the car. It also takes advantage of something called the Doppler Effect, which is what causes emergency vehicle sirens to switch pitch when driving towards you vs away from you. LIDAR works basically the same as radar, but using lasers instead of radio waves. Traffic enforcement cameras work by having sensors in the ground that tells you how long it takes for a car to go from one point to anotherThe speed guns emit high frequency energy that bounce off the target and return to the gun. Since EM waves propagate through the air at a fixed rate, it's just a matter of computing the amount of time for a "round trip" to the target and back. This approach works great for determining distance to objects, but since vehicles are also moving the physics become a _little_ but more complicated. Notably, you have to consider something called the _Doppler Effect_ where the rate at which waves return to the gun also changes over time Really common here are speed averaging licence plate readers. They photo and electronically record your plate. Then say 20km later they do the same. If your average speed over that 20km was above the speed limit they mail you a fine.
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Why more recently than ever do webpages refresh and not actually go back when you hit the back button?
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It is more and more common mispractice to include a 0 second redirect in a site, which as soon as you load a page, redirects you to a slightly different page they actually want you to see. So far, this isn't a bad thing, it helps site design. The problem is, if you hit the back button on most browsers, it will take you back to the page with the instant redirect instead of back PAST that page to the page you came from. It is bad design, and SHOULD be easy to avoid, but some web designers are idiots. Source: I'm a web developer.Some common elements can be stored on your computer depending on your cache size. But there are alot with dynamic content that is constantly changing such as posts on an image board or forum that need to be updated every couple of minutes.I also have this issue. I use chrome, and also adblock and adblock plus. I read the other day that it's something to do with adblock that is the problem. If you don't use any of these, then I have no idea [Source]
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What Would Happen if the US stopped printing bills altogether?
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Existing bills would slowly degrade to shit as they are used. Printing more money isn't just the government covering its ass for the amount of spending they do . They do also take up old, tattered bills from banks and replace them with fresh, clean ones. You do in the end have to print money one way or another.
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Why do cigarette companies like Marlboro don't make cigarettes healthier? And wouldn't it be better profitwise since costumers live longer?
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I'm not an expert by any means, but maybe I can help a little here.Tobacco is inherently unhealthy. People aren't fond of blanket statements, but it's true. Marlboro isn't out there slathering tobacco leaves with tar before rolling them up; tar is found naturally in tobacco. Also nicotine is terrible for your vascular system. It causes your blood vessels to narrow which, over time, leads to permanent narrowing and higher blood pressures. The higher blood pressures/decreased blood flow to tissue increases your risk for heart attack and stroke.Source: I'm an OR nurse and some surgeons I work with won't perform non-emergency surgery if you're an active smoker because the risks for complications are that high.Edit: Companies might be able to remove some unhealthy additives, but tobacco will always be bad for you.
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How is bubble wrap made?
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well i would expect they mold a plastic with bubble, then attach another plastic layer on top of it._URL_0_ yeah, they just roll two peaces of plastic together. one has the bubbles on the roller.
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The fundamental theory of algebra
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Every non-linear complex polynomial factors. For example, if you try to factor x^2 + 1 you cannot do it using only real numbers, but if you use complex numbers you get . The fundamental theorem of algebra says you can always factor when you use complex numbers.
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Why do airline pilots print off large piles of paper on a dot matrix printer at the gate?
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Airline pilot here. TLDR - this is the simple way to produce documents that have to be signed and then copies go to various different places. Often when we get to the gate we collect the flight plan, weather charts and briefing information. This is mostly laser printed and is a backup to the same content on our company ipads. The documents that you may see being printed on a dot matrix printer include the loadsheet, fuel receipt, dangerous goods declaration / notice to captain etc. The significance of this is that an impact method printer like dot matrix can be used with carbon paper to produce duplicate/triplicate copies of the document. These particular documents are legal documents that require the captain’s signature on them. Therefore, these documents are printed off, the captains signs on them, then a copy stays with the crew, a copy goes with the dispatcher and a copy gets filed somewhere. It’s a simple way to evidence what documentation was used for the flight and to ensure there are no discrepancies between what the crew are using and what ops have on record. You can’t really do that with a laser printer or an ipad .They need a hard copy of the flight plan in case they have a hardware failure. And even then, they won't rely completely on the electronics to fly correctly. A plane isn't navigated by electronics as such because aeroplanes rely on analog hardware to control the aircraft.Flight plan, passenger manifest. Documents are requested by international or national regulations and slow to change, but are now moving to iPads in some cases.
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How much of a person's personality is shaped by environment and how much is purely influenced by genetics?
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TL;DR: It depends. Every person is different. A person who has more traumatic experiences is obviously going to be affected by the environment more than a person who didn't. That said, some people have genetic traits that make dealing with stressful situations easier, so they're affected *less* than others. This is one of these things that isn't actually quantifiable, and we can never really be sure. You can study an individual and try and determine, to a degree, what contributed to what personality trait, but unless you know *every single detail* about their lives, and unless you have a complete genomic makeup and actually understand what it all means well, even *then* you could be wrong.
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If I own a great deal of stock shares in a company, does my selling them all at once have any economic impact on that company?
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Yes, if you own a large amount of a company and then try to sell all of your shares at once it will most likely cause the price to decline significantly. It's basic supply and demand, when you sell your shares you are increasing the supply and not changing the demand so the price will go down.
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What exactly is the Commonwealth? What purpose does the association have?
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It's basically the continuation/what's left of the British Empire. It's more of a mutual relationship/organization now, rather than the British controlling everyone, and lots of countries have opted out. But just about everyone in it used to be owned by the British and probably speaks English as a first or second language.
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Why is the atom considered to be the smallest unit of matter if there are things smaller such as quarks?
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Because it's not a type of matter until it's an atom. You can't build a table out of leptons. You don't have a hydrogen quark, or a gold electron. We call things smaller than atoms particles - building pieces of matter. That said, that's a bit of a revisionist narrative. When we named the atom we didn't know there were things smaller.
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why I go to bed after eating a good meal and wake up with a growling stomach, but when I go to bed after having not eaten I wake up not feeling hunger.
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If hunger is a conscious experience, it might be because your consciousness only notices the difference between 'just a minute ago' , because you weren't conscious during your sleep. So that, by contrast, it seems you are getting a lot hungrier in a small amount of time. Just a guess though. I do get the feeling that most of our sensory experiences and estimations are based on comparing one time to another, rather than having an absolute value to measure things like hunger, thirst, sleepiness, etc. A quick change in the measured value leads to the body assuming that a need is quickly increases and will need to be satiated soon.
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WHERE DO BIRDS GO AT NIGHT
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They go back to their little birdy husbands, Their little birdy wives. Their little birdy children. Their little birdy lives. Nestled close together, They sleep beneath the starry skies.Depends on the bird. Some go sleep in their nests; others come out and hunt. > What about migrating flocks of birds? Where the hell do they go at night? They'd roost in trees, or on the ground, depending on the bird. Geese and swans, for example, would land in a pond or lake and then find shelter on the shore. There are nocturnal birds, which are hard to see, because it's dark. But if you listen for them, you can hear them. Nighthawks and owls are probably the main ones. A screech owl scared the fuck out of me as I was walking at night one time - made a terrible sound and then flew right past me.
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Why do people wake up when they are about to die in a dream?
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I don't wake up. Throughout my life I've always had a few reoccurring nightmares that even when in them I know how it's going to go some how. For whatever reason in one of them I die and I don't wake up, it just carries on. --- Edit. Wow, I never expected so many replies! Nice to know I'm not the only odd one out there. It does feel like this comment chain should be it's own DAE now.
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What causes us to randomly stare off into space?
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Look up the word for this , called "daydreaming"Human curiosity? We can't help but look up and think "What's out there? Who's looking back at me?" That's that feeling of \'fazing out\'? That's how it feels for me at least :p', "Well, if your eyes are open but you're not focusing on anything, you really have no other option but to stare into space.
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why does a video game character always look at his hands
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Because, in reality, when something like an explosion happens, you normally check yourself for damage if you are nearby. You block your face with your arms and hands and then it is natural instinct to check yourself for harm or shrapnel, so you check your hands because they are typically the only part of your body that you almost always see.Because the people who designed the games decided it would make the most sense for that to happen. Since we're supposed to be that character, and in most FPS you never see your characters arms, feet, legs, or torso, the only thing your character can check to see if it's okay is his hands. It's also probably that this was done in a couple games but you don't remember the dozens of games where this isn't done.Looking at your hands is a way to "check reality" after a shell shock
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Why do I always have to pee right after I fap?
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It's natures way of cleaning the pipes. EDIT: I think it's the prostate gland who gives the "order"Your urethra runs over your prostate and your bladder sits on top of them both. When you fap you stimulate your prostate and urethra and in turn your bladder. Bad news guys. As we get older if you get bladder problems it creates prostate problems if your not carefull.do you? do I? I'll pay attention to this next time.
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What does single payer health care mean? How is it different from any other kind of health care?
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I'm going to explain assuming you're referring to the US healthcare system In our system, as you probably know, employers offer their employees healthcare insurance, through a company like Aetna, Blue Cross, Cigna, Humana, or dozens of others of varying sizes. These organizations are the payer - when you go to the hospital or the doc's office or get a prescription filled, they pay the hospital or doc, or pharmacy. The part you pay is called the co-pay - the contract you have with them stipulates that you pay, for example, $5 for a prescription, or $10 for a visit to your family doctor, and they pay the rest. . Single payer means there would be only organization paying out, not many like there are today. So what's the difference? Bargaining power. Medicare has tens of millions of members, so when a hospital says "we want $10,000 for this procedure" and Medicare comes back and says "we'll pay $5,000, or we'll take our business elsewhere", the hospital agrees, and Medicare members get reasonably-priced care. When another smaller insurer, with many fewer members, goes to that same hospital and says they want to pay $5,000 for that same procedure or they'll take their business elsewhere, the hospital tells them they'll pay $10,000, and they're welcome to take their business elsewhere because they don't represent as many people. If the US switched to single-payer, it 'd be cheaper, because of the bargaining power the single-payer would haveSingle-payer healthcare basically just means that everyone is on the same health insurance plan.It's really single-payer health INSURANCE. The care could come from a single place also, in which case the combination of insurance and care usually is called an NHS , or from private providers, or from a mix of private and public providers .
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What happened to the Occupy movement? Are people still "occupying"?
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The Occupy Wall Street movement itself is no longer taking place. However, many would point to the strong support of people like Trump and Sanders instead of the normal institutional candidates as indicators that the unrest which caused that movement is still alive and well. Income inequality is still an issue that is highly relevant and the political climate we are currently living in is very likely an extension of the exact sentiments that sparked the Occupy movementIt got corrupted from the inside since the beginning and thus was not taken seriously enough to be of substantial influence, let alone lasting so long. We lost that round.
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the chemicals in cigarettes.
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There is a [list of cigarette additives], all of them are FDA approved food ingredients, but the FDA doesn't test for saftey when burnt. Obviously that list includes everyone's addatives, so no cigarette has all 599 addatives . The issue is when the tobacco leaf is cured, it's kept in a smoke house which deposits lots of burning byproduct chemicals, and when the cigarette is burned lots of additional chemical bonds are broken and reformed, so the smoke gets filled with lots and lots of new chemicals .
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How can stores like Menard's give away products (after rebate)?
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Two things: * Many people don't follow through with the rebate process . That's why the rebate process exists - why not just make it an instant discount? Because if there's a process, many won't go through with it. That way on average, they can still make a profit on the item, even though on some consumers they lose money. * Probably not in this case, but possibly loss leaders: Stores often are willing to sell some things at a loss, in order to get people to come in & then hopefully buy other things that they sell at a profit. Think turkeys at Thanksgiving, cheap french bread everyday,e tc.1. Many people will forget to submit the rebate form. And sometimes the clerks forget you print you a rebate form, so unless you remember and go online or back to the store you'll never get that rebate. 2. They send you a merchandise credit for $5. Now how often do you spend *only* $5 at the store? That $5 and its expiration date will compel you to come back to the store sooner and likely spend more money than you would otherwise. Its a gamble for them, but often its on high-profit items so their losses are minimized while the amount of traffic and sales the rebates bring in will more than make up for the "loss".
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How did the Ozone layer first form, and if there's is a hole, can it reform, and if not why?
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The ozone in the upper atmosphere is created by high energy interplanetary particles hitting oxygen molecules causing it to split into individual oxygen atoms. When a free oxygen atom hits an oxygen molecule it forms ozone. This ozone is constantly being broken down by the ozone molecules hitting each other forming three oxygen molecules. So the process is continuous and self regulating. There is least ozone at the poles as there is the least high energy particles hitting the upper atmosphere in these regions. What is referred to as an ozone hole is an area of reduced ozone in the upper atmosphere. This can be the result of certain chemicals which will react with ozone and help convert it back to oxygen quicker. However the location of the holes have very little with where these chemicals were released because the strong winds at the high altitudes spreads the atmosphere around the world very quickly. So reducing the amount of ozone catalytic chemicals in the atmosphere will restore the balance again and the ozone layer is now as normal.Ozone, or O3, is formed from molecular oxygen, or O2, being struck with UV rays or when they interact with electrical phenomena in the atmosphere, like lightning. Holes can reform, albeit slowly, because the Sun is always putting out UV rays and as O2 in the upper atmosphere is struck by it, it will keep generating O3. O3 isn't as chemically stable as O2 and can degrade over time. It's always in the cycle of degrading and forming. Edit: modern era ozone holes were caused by CFCs, or chlorofluorocarbons and similar chemicals, going into the ozone layer. They are used as refrigerants or propellants in the industry. The chemical reaction for ozone depletion: CFCl3 + UV ray = CFCl2 + Cl //UV breaks a chlorine off a CFC molecule Cl + O3 = O2 + ClO //chlorine steals an oxygen from ozone ClO + O = Cl + O2 //a free oxygen replaces the chlorine, and the free chlorine gets to destroy ozone all over again until it finds another Cl to bond into Cl2.
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How do engineers calculate the maximum weight a bridge can support?
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The structural strengths of all common building materials are well-studied and well-known. The actual practice is more complex than this, but the basic idea is you say "This pillar is 1000 square inches of steel in cross-section, a square inch of steel can support a ton, so this pillar can support 1000 tons". Then you divide by 5 or so to provide a safety margin, to protect against errors or people misusing the bridge.
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Why do small phantom files appear whenever I copy folders from a Mac to a PC?
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The phantom files are bits of information made by OS X during the copying process to help Windows track bits of information about those files that its filesystem isn't able to support by default. .ds_store files tell the Mac how to display a particular folder. For example, if you drag the icons around to be arranged in a certain way, or if you zoom in on them to make them bigger, the .ds_store file for that folder stores that information. Both sets of files are completely normal; they're not visible from OS X because it's a UNIX system. Files that start with a . are hidden by default.
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The formation of the moon (The Ejected Ring Theory)
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The capture theory doesn't work because the mass of the moon vs the earth make it unlikely; the moon is just too massive to be captured by the earth. The Ejected Ring is basically: a large body crashed into the earth, a bunch of rock was ejected into orbit , it collected around the earth into the moon. This is bolstered by the similar mineral compositions of the earth and the moon.Actually i thought ejected ring was a version of the fission theory not the impactor theory.The fission theory says earth spun up in speed as it cooled and contracted causing the equatorial lighter elements to be ejected in a ring that formed the moon . Thus the surface of the earth and moon soils match as they do. The impactor says a third space body miraculously came in at the only precise angle possible to eject the material to make the moon but somehow no part of this third body ended up in the moon itself. Highly improbable.
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How Pilots and Trucks driver communicate over the radio ?
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YouTube has interesting conversations between tower and planes. Search for "ATC recordings." A guy named \'Kennedy Steve\' is famous because of his delivery/humor. You could just search for that as wellPilots are advised by air traffic control which channels to use. Truck drivers use the same CB channels, and there are common UHF and VHF channels in certain areas to use as well.
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Why are brass, copper, and bronze used in pluming?
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They're very corrosion resistant, considering the constant exposure to water. They're also very malleable and not toxic, plus it is easy enough to be bent by hand rather than having to fabricate exact curves and lengths. In addition, the three metals are also resistant to the growth of bacteria and other microbes. Brass, copper, and bronze are all mostly copper. Admiralty brass, the type of brass you'd normally see in plumbing, is only 30% zinc. Bronze is typically no more than 12% tin. Keeping the metal mostly the same also helps limit corrosion. Typically you'll see copper tubing and brass fittings, because pure copper doesn't hold its shape very well under the higher stress at a fitting.
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Why are my income tax rates going up this year? What's included in the increase?
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That isn't your income tax rate. That's FICA, which goes to pay towards Social security. it's a tax on your income but not THE "income tax", which is the same for most americans except the rich. That clarified A few years ago congress passed a bill which temporarily lowered the amount you have to contribute to Social secuirty. That bill expired at the end of last year, so it went back where it used to be, which I think is around 6% It's to pay for social security and is necessary to make sure the program continues to exist in the future, it wouldn't run forever at the temporary lower rate.
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Do animals have the capability to remember or even understand that they were rescued from terrible conditions in the immediate and distant future?
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Most animals dont remember anything very well, but they get habits ingrained in them. For example, i have a rescue cat who still eats every meal like its her last and that she has to scrape up every last bit . so in that sense they "remember" So with all that in mind, I don't think they can comprehend the concept of being "saved"; and I think any searching for a "gratitude" is humanizing animal emotions more than is correct to do. Animals are very much in the moment, and if you're making them happy in that moment, that's what matters.
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Is India better or worse after colonialism?
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Definitely worse: their reserves and resources were taken away from them from British imperialism. They were left with a divided government and divided country. Did you know there was no such thing as India, Pakistan, or Afghanistan? The partition of Hindustan was caused by colonial disruption. As usual, there was the disregard for human rights, racism, exploitation aka overall economic devastation.
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What is reification in C# and how does it work?
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In some languages, like C++, all template classes are compiled ahead of time. In other languages, like C#, new template classes can be created on the fly, while your program is running. This is an important advantage for library code, so that additional data types can be added *after* the library is distributed, without necessarily needing the library's source code.
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What makes a man a grower vs a shower?
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A grower is referring to a penis that is larger erect than it is flaccid. A shower is a penis that's pretty much the same size flaccid or erect. With female genitals, there's something kinda similar, innies and outies. Innies being where the labia minora are hidden or very minimal when viewing a vagina. Outies are where the labia minora are large enough to be exposed and not hidden.
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Why is it when a skunk is killed or run over everything for miles is saturated with the stench. How can it cling to so much air in so much space?
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It's s powerful chemical called thiols, sulfur based. Extremely concentrated, even bears run from it. It's like the stuff put in natural gas so you know a leak. A very little goes a long way
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Most of my friends have iPhones or Macs, and the insulation on their chargers always seems to disappear. Where does it go?
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Well, onto the floor. If the floor is carpeted, it will be very difficult to find. Then, whenever the floor is vacuumed, it gets picked up. The reason it brakes off in the first place is because the owners aren't carful with it, most likely having bend it at either/both ends, [like this] I don't think I've ever had a cable that only I used break apart.Apple does not put proper protection on the cables for the part of the cable where it meets the connector. You can see [here] in red Apples way of protecting their cables\' ends and in green how most companies do. Also Apple uses a more rubber-like material to cover their cables. This feels more "premium" at first, but is also more prone to fraying and tearing over time.
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Why does our body produce lactic acid when we exercise?
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Not enough oxygen to go around. Normally, any of our cells with mitochondria would prefer to undergo aerobic respiration. It's very efficient, allowing you to get a buttload of ATP out of each molecule of glucose. The thing is, you need oxygen to do it. At rest, that's fine. During intense exercise, however, cells are undergoing aerobic respiration at a breakneak pace. They're using oxygen as fast as it's being supplied, and still need to make more energy. So, they start undergoing fermentation, which is way less efficient than respiration, but doesn't require oxygen. Breaking down glucose without oxygen can make a couple of things, and the one our body makes is lactic acid. Lactobacillus, one of the bacteria in yogurt, does the same thing with lactose in milk, making yogurt pleasantly sour with the acid. Yeasts, on the other hand, use the same process to make different products from simple sugars: Ethanol and carbon dioxide. Thus, beer.
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If Trump gets elected as president how exactly will he get Mexico to pay for this wall that has proposed?
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I think he was going to sanction mexico until they built it but thats not how this works that not how any of this works.I believe he said he'll implement a tariff on Mexican goods, so Mexican trades people will have to pay more to have their goods brought over and sold in the States.
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Why would the Turkish military attempt a coup against the Turkish government?
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The Turkish military has a long standing history of being the liberal safeguard against conservative leaders or groups. Erdogan, who is the current President and leader of the Turkish political party AKP, has taken many steps in a very conservative, Islamic direction. Along with the worsening security situation , some in the military may have felt it was time for another coup to bring the government to heelTurkey is a dictatorship pretending to be a democracy. The military appear to be claiming the goal is to overthrow the current government so they can implement actual democracy and provide more freedom for Turkish citizens. Whether or not this is actually their goal and if they can achieve this is something well have to wait and see.Doesn't the US have a base in turkey, or well at least they use one of their bases for the ongoing middle-east operations? What does that mean for any US armed forces in the area? Is the US going to come to one of the side's aid?", 'If you want to know why their leader is so bad . Here is a pretty good summary: _URL_0_ Cliffs: -Military is sick of islamic leadership and oppression -About to apply a healthy dose of freedom to the muslim leaders. I, Anti-Islam supporter, endorse this coup.I'm confused, I thought that in Turkey, the Prime Minister > President . So why does Erodgan appear to still be the de facto leader of Turkey? Are there other examples of this in Turkish history? Like Ataturk was Prime Minister for less than a year, but was he still the de facto leader throughout the 20s and 30s ?
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How do they measure the distance players run/cover in a soccer/football game?
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They basically film the field and use computer software to track each player and calculate how far theyve traveled. Basically if you know the scale of the field in the camera its easy.
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When performing live, why do the artists alter the melody of their well known songs so often?
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If a band or solo performer is on tour, it's likely they are playing that same song over and over and over again. If it's currently a hit on the radio, not only are they playing it nearly every night, but they are also using it as their sound check song because they want to make sure it sounds perfect since the that's the song the whole audience will know. That means they could be playing it three times a day every day. Eventually they *need* to mix it up to stay sane and engaged. Otherwise they might zone out during a performance. Billy Joel famously said he almost lost his place while playing *Piano Man* one night at a show because he zoned out and started thinking about what he was going to order for room service later that night.
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When driving, is it more fuel efficient to put more pressure on the gas in a lower gear, or less in a higher one?
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Generally speaking, while driving at a constant speed, it's more efficient to have the engine spin slower in a higher gear with less throttle applied . For each revolution of the motor, you're travelling further due to the higher gear. Thanks to less throttle being used, less gas is used per revolution, a double whammy for fuel savings. During acceleration, the key is to keep the engine in an efficient range. Full throttle in a high gear is just as wasteful as low throttle in a low gear at high RPM. A typical car idles at 1000 and red lines at 6000 . For cruising at constant speed, you'd want to keep the car between 1500-2000rpm. For acceleration, you'd want to shift before 2500rpm . Many newer cars, especially efficiency focused ones like VW TDi models, actually have an indicator on the tachometer to show where maximum efficiency lies.
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Why is Java popular and why did Google write Android OS in java?
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I won't comment on why Java is popular. I don't know . As for Android: Java code has the distinct advantage that it isn't written specifically for any one processor architecture. Like Android, the choice of going with Java/Dalvik for apps allowed Google to switch to another platform such as x86 with *relative* ease from the perspective of apps and developers. Although I don't know if the above has ever been said on-the-record by an Android insider, it stands to reason to me that this is the reasoning behind the decision. The extreme modularity of the Android operating system further reinforces this idea. One small piece of evidence is the fact that C#.net was seen as the primary competitor inside Google w.r.t. what language Android apps would be in . In July 2011, in the midst of an Oracle lawsuit, an e-mail containing statements by Andy Rubin himself became public. The following is an [excerpt] from it. > "If Sun doesn't want to work with us, we have two options: 1) Abandon our work and adopt MSFT CLR VM and C# language - or - 2) Do Java anyway and defend our decision, perhaps making enemies along the way" Java initially gained traction by being write-once-run-anywhere. It was the best-maintained language offering that. Additionally, Java is great for object-oriented design and very easy to write a good program in compared to C or Fortran. There are good open source development platforms, I strongly believe that Eclipse had a major role in the huge popularity of Java. Finally, competitors in that space, like C#, were platform specific> why did Google write android OS in Java? It was written mostly in C, but also in C++, and some in other languages including Java. Only about 10% was written in Java.
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BIOLOGY] Is there a limit to how much a person can be massaged?
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Massaging is essentially just providing external stimulation to the skin/muscles. If you keep massaging a single muscle/muscle group, after sometime, you'll start feeling numb as the brain just starts ignoring the massage stimulation coming from the nerves of that area. On the other handd , If you are giving a full body massage and moving from head to toe and repeating the process, the nerves would have enough time to reploarize, you'd just feel sore and probably ache from the stimulation.
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how can a layer of metamorphic rocks be on top of a layer of sedimentary rocks? Shouldn't the deepest layer have higher pressure and temperature?
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You are absolutely right, the deeper a layer gets buried, the higher pressure and temperature it is subjected to. However, there are two ways to explain your question. Compressive tectonic forces can fold or fault rock layers which would place metamorphic rocks above sedimentary rocks. A thrust fault is a type of fault that pushes deeper, older rocks over younger rocks. Imagine pushing two pieces of paper together on a flat surface. One would slide on top of the other, which is exactly what happens in a thrust fault. There are places in Canada where very old granite has been pushed up on top of young sedimentary rocks via thrust faulting. For the folding example, think about a tablecloth pushed over a smooth table, it would bunch up in a series of small folds. The same thing happens with rock layers. Sometimes rock layers get folded so much they become overturned, which means a "lower" layer would be on top of an "upper" layer.You'd be right to think that, but after deposition, and compression in the case of metamorphic rocks, the units can be overturned in folding. You'll have a large scale fold which has been folded even further over so that the peak of the fold lies on top of another fold limb, and one of the limbs will be upside down relative to it's original orientation. You then see the upside down beds at the surface when the fold and overlying beds have been eroded away. Hope I haven't been confusing", 'A sill of intrusive igneous melt could be implaced in flat lying sediments which could cook the contact area but leave rocks down section unchanged. I saw talc as the metamorphic mineral in a contact zone around a basalt sill into limestone. I can also imagine blueschist facies metamorphism into sediment beneath a thrust where there are sediments that are much less altered beneath them. The difference is that such metamorphism is due to tectonic over pressure rather than heating or depth of burial.
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What exactly is the role of a movie producer?
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Producers make the movie happen. They find a script, they get it rewritten, they get funding, they approve the casting, they approve the locations, they hire the director, they make sure it doesn't go over budget, and they sign it off when it's complete. It's the non-arty side of movie making. Executive producers are generally less hands-on. They do more of the finance and business meetings side of things. Often this role is given to actors who are considered integral to the ongoing success of a series. "A remake of the Lone Ranger you say? Not sure that'll work Oh, Johnny Depp's coming here to discuss it? Okay, set up a meeting" Production assistants act as "runners", copy scripts, make phone calls, drive trucks, recce locations and generally make sure everything gets done smoothly.
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Why are so many intelligent, gifted individuals so frequently unable to find happiness for themselves?
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The saying is "Ignorance is bliss" so the less intelligent you are, the less stressful your life is in a sort. You don't have to worry about a lot of responsibilities and issues Edit: this was so hard to write without offending anyone xD', "High intelligence is strongly correlated to the following psychological conditions; depression, anxiety, and obsessive compulsive disorder. I can't tell you why a specific individual is unhappy, but the general idea is that somehow brilliance and genius just happen to go hand-in-hand with psychological disorders.
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why is it so hard to breath when you fall on your back or get punched in the stomach.
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You take a hit to a nerve that controls the diaphragm, the muscle that controls most of your breathing. When it takes a hit it turns off for a short period of time and so you can only take short breaths by using your ribsIt is your diaphragm, the muscles that control your breathing, that gets hit. This makes them seize up and spasm. Which makes it hard to breathe.
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Why is it so hard to permanently cure allergies such as nut and shellfish?
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Not likely. Allergies aren't like most diseases. Most diseases are caused by something acting weird, or something extra growing somewhere, and are easily treated and cured. Allergies though, are the body attacking things that it shouldn't. Instead of knowing that it should attack bacteria, and leave that peanut oil alone, it attacks both, thinking both are trying to hurt the body. Think of the immune system as a protective husband, him and his wife are walking down a dark street. They see a gang of thugs coming down the street, so he pushes her into the bushes so that if he ends up fighting the bacteria, she is out of the way and safe. But instead, they see a bunch of carollers out, he thinks that they are dangerous, tries to hide her in the bush, she slips on ice, get's hurt, while he gets into it with a bunch of people dressed as Santa and his elves. Allergies aren't a disease as much as they are a mistaken immune response, which is incredibly hard to cure, and is often only treated, which is why so many people have epi-pens.
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why is it possible for sprinters to get faster times.through the decades?
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There's some difference between what athletes of today can accomplish with better sports science and nutrition and athletes in prior times. Also, there are a lot more people alive today than there were even two generations ago, so there's a greater chance that the fastest person ever is alive today than two generations ago. The big difference, though, comes from shoes and track surfaces. Surfaces and shoes that allow for the right amount of bounce, firmness, and friction all help improve times.* technology has improved training, nutrition, sports medicine, and equipment* the rise of professional athletes, who can earn a living devoting their lives to running fast* an increase in the number of people aspiring to be professional athletes* quite possibly, performance enhancing drugsBecause training techniques and regimens have improved between different generations of sprinters.
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how did different races evolve?
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Not only are we all from a single "herd" of humans, but we all share a single common ancestor, [Mitochondrial Eve]
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Why do metaphors move us in a way that plain, literal writing cannot?
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The brain works in a categorical way in order to simplify. Auto-associative memory is the saturating of neural pathways with many connected reference points to consolidate the idea/experience into memory . You can recall a big piece of data from a tiny sample, like unpacking a compressed computer file. Its an extension of pattern-recognition. When children are playing make-believe they are drawing connections and manipulating object ideas with imagination. For example, thinking a stick is a sword. Culture, hence pre-existing associations lie the foundation for the subject of metaphor, but the ability to understand metaphor is a product of our minds. Metaphorical thinking can have its perils like in prejudice. PS. Orangutans were able to make metaphors and understand them using object communication methods. There are also studies where people were given a hot or cold drink to hold in an elevator. Afterwards, they were asked how they thought of the people around them. Hot drink group said they were nice/warm and offered charity, whereas the cold drink group said they were cold/hostile and refused to offer help.You've been trained, socialized, and conditioned to react to metaphors. They are part of the linguistic and communicative tradition in which you were raised. Had you been raised in a linguistic tradition that does not use metaphor in an artistic way, you would not be moved by them. > My English teachers always advise me to use metaphors to liven up my creative writing, Try writing a compelling story without using metaphor. Try to use some other creative techniques to express yourself. It's hard, but don't rely on metaphor as a crutch.I think that the ability to relate one thing to another is what makes them so effective. You can break down complex subjects into simple and logical format, however they do not always make the point. Using a metaphor or analogy to illustrate the concept in a more relatable fashion provides the listener with extra variations that they can work out or relate to in order to understand and work out the initial topic.
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What would it take to get a third party into the debates and why can't they just be included automatically?
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The Commission on Presidential Debates requires that a candidate be polling at at least 15% to be included in the debates. the reason third parties can't be included automatically is because dozens of people run for President in every state. If you didn't establish a cutoff somewhere, you would have a stage with literally hundreds of people on it, almost all of which aren't even running in more than a single state.
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Why is fish not considered "meat" by those who want to avoid eating meat for certain religious beliefs?
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Early Christianity's official language was Latin, and in that language there are distinct words for the flesh of land animals and the flesh of water-dwelling animals. So in early proclamations about fasts in which one refrains from eating what **we would call "meat"**, the Latin word "carnis" would have been used, which would not include "piscis", or fish. That distinction has been carried over into the other languages of the church since then. If you want to read or listen to a piece about the history of "fish fasting", [there was one on NPR a few years ago]Some religions consider animals on land in a different class than animals from the sea', "Ancient peoples tended to classify animals based on humanity's relationship to them. Cattle were raised and slaughtered, birds were hunted, fish were fished. So as far as people were concerned, these were three completely different types of creatures that produced three different types of food. Any sort of restriction on meat in ancient Hebrew or Christian people was referring specifically to animals that were farmed, not caught. We now know that fish, birds, and beasts are just three different types of animal that all produce meat, but tradition has a way of sticking around.
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Do tax refunds affect the economy?
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On a long term basis, no. Tax refunds come from money that has been taken out of your paycheck by the company that you work for. The company sends that money to the government and 'pays the taxes for you'. If you didn't have the money taken out of your paycheck, you would 'get your refund' right away, in small amounts each paycheck. When you compare the 'refund' to the 'no refund, but more in your paycheck', the amounts are the same, so there is no real difference to the economy. You might be able to call it a 'forced savings' program, where no interest is paid. In that manner, it might enable people who don't ordinarily save their money to make larger purchases, like a new kitchen appliance, or money to move from one apartment to another. But in that case, economists would say that there is an *opportunity cost*, and that money could not be spent on other smaller items throughout the year.
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Why does almost everybody seem to have one or more words they can't pronounce correctly?
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I THINK it is because people actually have different pronunciation because how they think it is supposed to be pronounced based on the context of what they word actually means. for example - for me the word Aquarium is two latin words joined together, Aqua for water in latin and rium for room in london. so in my head it makes sense to prounouce it as "AQU-AHRIOOM" where as other people pronouce it as "Akuehroom". I mean i am no linguistic expert but yhI believe it's because they learn the words through "word of mouth" and it ends up being wrong. I'm sure there are many reasons that could be right!
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Why do cockroachs can survive after a nuclear attack?
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This is a ELI5 explanation, it's more technical, but contains the good bits. Radiation damages your DNA . Most of the time, this just kills the cell. If it happens while the cells are dividing, this is really bad, because your new cells will be damaged and always produce damaged cells. Human cells are dividing all the time. Each individual cell divides about every 30 days, but it's not like it all happens at once, each cell can be on a different schedule. Cockroaches and flour beetles don't have frequent cell division like humans do, they tend to happen all at once for them, so they're less susceptible to radiation damage.
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How there can be so many Pizza Shops in such a close proximity, yet they all seem to stay afloat?
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Yea, upstate NY here.We have 2 Chinese shops and 3 pizza shops in a small 5k town with nearby towns. In the evening there is enough demand. Its cheap, tasty food you call in an order and pickup your meal. Not much hassle and you dont have to prepare your own food and not to be too judgmental but the class isnt high enough here so you wont find most going out of their way to prepare their own healthy meals. Some families its a couple times a week thing for pizzaMy buddy worked for the shop and most evening it was constant busyThe Chinese place you'd be lucky to have them tell you 30min. 45 min is normalThere is one popular long time pizza place in the next town over of about 30k and sometimes its 1hr+ wait This being that were talking about a 10-15 min oven time to cook a pizza
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The controversy with Supermax prisons
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1) Human rights mostly, though not many people care about the prisoners that are sent to a supermax. These prisons tend to be the most inhumane and secretive about their practices. It is also very expensive to house prisoners there . 2) "Supermaxes\' average cost to taxpayers is about $50,000 per inmate per year-compared with $20,000 to $30,000 for lower-security prisons-this is hardly an economically efficient arrangement." ). 3) It's unclear. Yes in some states, no in others. Yes to some forms, no to others. It leans a bit towards no , but that's no at all a certain answer ). It's politically charged and exaggerated in a lot of ways, so it's hard to get unbiased answers.
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why does cheese stretch when you heat it?
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Let's think back to Chemistry lessons from school. In a solid, the particles are all bunched together with no room to move. In a liquid, the particles have more room to move, and roll about all over eachother. In a gas, the particles are spread out and can do what they like. So when you heat cheese , it melts , therefore allowing the particles to move. They stay bonded because they aren't *quite* liquid, but they are still loose enough to roll around. Also, when the cheese is like this, due to the particles being more 'loose', they can't hold their shape as well as they could originally, so therefore they spread out.
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Where does burned fat go?
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if you mean when we lose weight, mostly into carbon that is exhaled. we breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2, a product of metabolism.It's broken down mostly into gas and energy. The energy radiates from our body in the form of heat. The gas is exhaled from our body. The rest is pooped out. The water is sweated/peed/pooped out.
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