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Why do we accidentally bite the insides of our mouths?	Because it's like the walls of a shredder being loose hanging meat. Eventually you're gonna have some collateral damage.
How do planes charge electronic devices?	Planes use a generator driven by the engines to produce electrical power. The load of passengers charging electronic devices is very small compared to the plane's normal demand for electricity, so adding chargers doesn't significantly change anything.
why do you wake up sometimes and feel like you're paralyzed and can't move, even though you're aware you're awake?	It's basically because your head is awake, yet your body is still asleep. [Sleep paralysis]
What is Karma on Reddit?	A measure of how well you jive with the hiveNothing more than a means of recognizing the good posts/comments from the bad .
What's the difference between whole wheat, whole grain, multigrain, and ancient grains?	Whole wheat is a controlled term that can only be used when the bread is made with 100% whole wheat flour . The [rest essentially] are puffery signifying different things from different producers.It's all marketing. Other grains are added for looks, flavor, or texture, but they're added to an "enriched" flower base, which constitutes the majority of the flour in that bread. If you want real whole wheat, the only reliable source is bread explicitly labeled 100% whole wheat; you cannot trust bread that says whole wheat without the 100% on the labeling.
What a trust is in terms of business.	A trust is a small partnership among businesses that operates like a third-party without actually being it's own company. Two businesses want to buy up some land and resell it for profit ten years from now. They make a contract saying "We agree to make XYZ trust which is the group that will buy the land and resell it later. XYZ does not belong to company A or company B, it is it's own thing."
The Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon	Memory has three levels to it. Encoding, where you create the memory and then store it. Storage, where the memory stays until you need to recall it, and Retrieval, where you pull the memory out of storage and use it for some action. The TOT happens because there is a breakdown in your ability to pull the memory out of storage and place it into retrieval. As neurons fire and memories connect to other memories, you struggle trying to pull that one out until either something happens to force it out or later some thing cues the memory for you. This is more likely to happen for older adults than younger ones but this still happens on occasion.
What's the difference between heat lightning and storm lightning?	They are exactly the same phenomenon. In the middle of a big storm there is reduced visibility, so you can't generally see lightning unless you're close enough to also hear the thunder. In some situations, though, like when there is a distant storm but clear air between you and it, you can see lightning much farther away than you can hear the thunder. People call that heat lightning, really for no good reason.
Why Don't Word Processors like MS Word have Extensive Autocorrect like Smartphone Keyboards Do?	Extensive autocorrect on smartphones exists because typing on them is hard for most people. When you have a full keyboard, and in a word processor for desktop you are expected to, it's more annoying than helpful for the program to make guesses about what you meant.
Why do people buy houses instead of rent?	When you rent a house, you get the benefit of not being tied to the place any longer than your lease and the landlord being responsible to fix things that break. This makes things cheaper and simpler on a month to month basis. When you buy a house, it's a lot more expensive. You're responsible for fixing anything that goes wrong, you're generally paying the same or less for something comparable vs renting when talking about the mortgage, but those maintenance costs and taxes add up which contributes to why in the end, purchasing a house is almost always more expensive than renting. That being said, with rent, your entire rent payment is essentially money you'll never see back. With a house, any part of your payment that goes into the mortgage's principal, in the long term, is equity in the house . So while on a $100,000 mortgage you might pay $750 a month with an average of $450 of that going to interest and taxes/insurnace, that $300 you're paying towards the principal is money you can get back when you sell the house. So you might pay $180,000 to pay off a $100,000 house and have to pay a couple hundred bucks a month in taxes indefinitely, but you now have a house you can sell for $100,000. If you were renting that whole time, you don't have anything.
Why do men and women orgasm so differently?	Because each sex has a different goal during the act of reproduction. A man's role is to achieve climax and deposit the sperm before other males can potentially interfere, while the female's is to achieve a convulsion of the vaginal walls to facilitate the sperm's movement towards the potential egg and future offspring. Anything else that we've created about the sexual process is self-created. Orgasm is the brain's way of making sure sex is pleasurable enough to attempt again but is infrequently achieved without direct sex in most mammals capable of orgasm. Humans have placed the emphasis on it because of our sexual culture. This is neither a bad nor necessarily good thing, and has implications on our behavior as well.
why does chewing sound so loud while wearing head phones?	Your headphones block the environment sounds. However, your mouth is connected to your ear channels internally, so the chewing sound is not impacted. It then sounds louder compared to other sounds.
What is heat and why does it hurt ?	In Physics, Heat is a transfer of energy from one substance to another, due to a differential in temperature. Colloquially, we also commonly use it to refer to a higher temperature, which is the measure of an object's kinetic and potential energy. It hurts you because, above a certain temperature proteins in your skin begin to break down, which results in both cell damage and possible loss of function. Fire is a rapid oxidization reaction, basically a chemical reaction that releases heat and light. The flame itself is a visible release of energy from excited gaseous particles.
What exactly does a Soundbar do that a home theater cant? why the sudden boom?	Be set up super easily and for cheaper. A true sound system is going to sound better but sound bars are simple attractive and require very little set up', "Nothing, they just act as the center channel for surround sound and the left/right sound for stereo. The only reason to get a soundbar is if you don't have a big enough budget for a surround sound setup, or you don't have the ideal room space/configuration.
The difference between Kung Fu and Tai Chi	Simply put: Kung Fu is the kind that break things and fight people with, Tai Chi is like yoga where you meditate.
How are buildings over 2,000 ft in height structurally safe?	It's mostly about how they are designed. Back then before computers were this powerful and available, you weren't able to simulate how the structure would fare under conditions such as wind, earthquakes, the ground it will be built on, and how the building will act being under its own weight. Nowadays, we can easily design buildings with computer-aided design and engineering programs instead of making blueprints, constructing it, and hoping it won't collapse underneath its own weight. Computer-aided engineering programs with multibody dynamics simulation allow for the simulation of materials and how they would act in relation to one another. The largest building in the world for 4,000 years was the Great Pyramid of Giza which was able to not collapse underneath its own weight because the weight is spread out among its wider base. The distribution of weight among a larger surface area means the structure won't sink into the ground as much and it is not top heavy making it not prone to collapse.
If we lose approximately 100 hairs a day, why are we not all slowly going bald?	I am slowly going bald. What are you talking about?', "Because your body is constantly replenishing your supply of hairs. Lost in this case means that the hair is shed. Hairs are naturally shed, and then replaced with another hair, excepting conditions like balding or damage. It does not mean 'poof, you now have 1 less hair forever.'
What's the deal with Somalia? Does it have a government or not?	Somalia has an official national government, but that government seems to have limited control over the country. There are various militant groups active in the country, and a big chunk of Somalia is part of a de facto country called Somaliland. What is now Somalia was originally divided between a British colony and an Italian colony. The former British part is now Somaliland, with a relatively stable government that claims independence but isn't recognized internationally. The former Italian part is where the capital Mogadishu is, and where there's lots of instability and violence.
Why do heavily massed vehicles run on diesel and faster tighter sports cars run on gas?	I'm no expert so I can't explain you the combustion process differences. However I can tell you that there are indeed diesel sports car, like Audi's racing cars at Le Mans for example.[ Audi R18]s are extremely powerful, and successful, being powered by turbo-diesel engines.
If toxic and edible mushrooms are so easy to confuse, then why are poisonings from market-bought mushrooms so rare?	1. They're not so easy for experts to confuse.2. Most of the ones at markets are farmed, not found in the wild.3. Most of the popular market species aren't the ones that look very similar to poisonous species.Edible muschrooms are cultivated in mines, as standard and regulated as any major food production industry
Why is Agnes Martin (subject of today's Google Doodle) considered a great artist?	There's really nothing mysterious about art, although it tends to irk those people who want to quantify everything. Granted, there's been a lot of philosophical debate over what constitutes art, high art, etc, but what I'm going to cover here is pretty much uncontrovercial. Basically art works like this: we as people experience things. Artists try to hone in on a certain "feel" and transcribe it through their medium. You need to think of it as a form of communication. Now there are trends in art. In the 50's, for example, the big trend was to try to identify the basic, fundamental elements of art. Stated another way: what is the minimum requirement to communicate a "feel"? This gave way to super-minimalist things like the work of [Yves Klein]. Note that Yves Klein went to great lengths to find this special shade of blue, which evokes a sense of emptiness. Underwhelmed? That's okay, you don't have to like it and you can certainly take a position whereby the "feeling of emptiness" is not very interesting when compared to other "feels" that were explored by other artists. Now this doesn't directly answer your question, so I'll get to that Basically you can think of trends in art as circling around a drain. There's a central idea and a bunch of artists try to implement it. Some fail miserably, some scratch the surface, some do a pretty good job, and every once in a while, some guy hits the nail on the head. That guy is considered to be a great artist. Now there are two things to understand here: 1. "Great art" is a question of consensus, not an objective metric .2. Nobody outright decides that the goal has been achieved. What happens is that nobody is able to do better and the art community, as a whole, moves onto other things.
Last year ExxonMobil made 486 billion dollars, Walmart made 443 billion, BP made 375 billion. Where the hell does this money go? Scrooge McDuck's money bin?	Running their businesses. You are looking at revenues, not profits1mfa0 is right, those numbers are revenues, not profits. However, your question is still valid. Companies like these make huge profits and the money does pile up over time. They have four options and they use all four at various times. * Let the money pile up in company accounts for use later on.* Give the money to the shareholders --this is called a "dividend" and is the way most very rich people get the bulk of their money .* Use the money to buy their own shares back from shareholders. Companies do this when they don't want to commit to a regularly-scheduled dividend. It's considered very bad management to pay a dividend and later to stop paying it.* Use the money to buy up smaller companies. Companies like Apple and Google and Microsoft do this constantly.
(serious) how come arm sweat smells different than taint sweat?	Bacteria that live and grow and die in the sweat pores and hair follicles of those areas are different species. Lot lots of different species. Giving each area a nice and unique, but eerily similar smell. That's that smell, dead bacteria. Its perfectly normal.
Why are objects in my car mirror closer than they appear? What's the point of that?	if your side-view mirror was a traditional flat mirror, you wouldn't be able to see very much because of its small size and distance from your eyes. Instead, a convex mirror is used, which means it is curved. This allows you to see a greater field of view, showing you more of the cars that are off to your side and behind you, so that you don't have a "blind spot" any more. However, while this type of mirrow allows you to see more things, it makes them appear to be smaller. When objects appear smaller, your brain thinks they are farther away then they actually are. The warning is there to remind you that they are closer than they appear and that you shouldn't change lanes or pull out in front of somebody based solely on what you think you see in the mirrow, instead, you should turn your head and glance at them quickly to make sure it's safe to do so.Besides the convex thing, when you are sitting in your seat looking into the mirror, the distance of the object appears to be roughly: + But the object is behind you, so the actual distance from the object to you is roughly: - 2* Edit: I made a picture for you. Unfortunately I'm on my phone so it's shitty, but it should work. The yellow line is your line of sight and the apparent distance of the object. The blue line shows how far it actually is from you. _URL_0_
Why do electrical companies want you to conserve energy?	1. the electrical company makes much of it's money selling you access to electricity and only some in charging for actual electricity. For example, I generate more power than I use with my solar panels, but i'm still on the grid and I pay for that every month. That fee that both you and I pay is a profitable portion of the bill. 2. The electric company has to purchase electricity from somewhere. Once they've exhausted there contracted low cost rates that were used to calculate your rate then having to buy unexpected additional power can be unpredictably expensive and they can't pass that on . 3. they are often required by regulators to have conservation program in place as part of the privileged to have monopoly access to a market.Electrical power generation plants are expensive and can take years to build. Cities are growing. They know that next year, they'll have to serve 2% more customers. If they can reduce the average power usage for all customers, they can go longer without having to build a new power plant. Power companies are in a weird place. Since they're public utilities, they have a legal requirement to serve all customers & a legal cap on how much they can charge. If they have to spend $300,000,000 on a new plant, they can't just jack up everyone's rates to pay it off. Besides, if you look at your electric bill, there's a "being our customer" fee and a "how much you used fee". They make more money selling the same amount of power to more people.
Do we see differences in intelligence within species of animals as large as those seen in humans?	I'm not sure how many studies have been conducted, but simple answer is yes. There are smart and dumb animals of the same species, breed, etc. I have known two dogs of the same breed, raised in the same house and one is as dumb as a brick, the other figured out that if he wanted to jump the electric fence, the insulated grip was the place to do it.
Why is pink pork considered delicious but pink chicken awful?	Chicken has a very high chance to carry things like e.coli and salmonella so it is imperative that it is cooked thoroughly. Pork can be cooked thru and still be pink. Different meat, different rules, and different behaviourChicken and pork cook differently. Pork can be pink and still cooked, while pink chicken is still raw and not a good idea to consume.
The purpose of the turbines you see in the top areas of road tunnels	It's likely an exhaust or intake for ventilation. Road tunnels are full of cars that give off toxic fumes, this can prevent build ups. But without knowing specifically what you're talking about that's my best answer.The large turbine-like fans are there to generate air flow through the tunnel. This is so as to prevent the build-up of toxic gasses in the tunnel. These systems are often combined with emergency extraction fans which can be activated in the event of a fire, so as to reduce the chances of death by smoke inhalation. See: _URL_0_Heard from engineer in ATL about this once, while sitting in traffic in a tunnel with them -- it has to do some with what was already mentioned, but also with the structural integrity of the tunnels. Heat builds up during static traffic scenarios and compromises tunnel materials. It helps a good bit with the upkeep of tunnel repair.Fires. There have been several bad fires in tunnels where people ended up dying. The huge fans pull out the smoke so trapped drivers don't suffocate. Same reason for side escape tunnels. NFPA 502 code Chapter 11.
Difference between Photographic and Eidetic memory or is it the same thing?	Same thing, and extremely rare. 'Eidetic Memory' is the formal term for 'photographic memory'.
Why are movie ticket sales numbers done in dollars, while virtually everything else is done in number of units sold?	Because it's in relation to the budget of the film. Number of tickets sold is meaningless, 200 million dollars gross versus 50 million budget is a big deal. Other products don't have their budget publicized often, and their success is not as directly related to it.
Why do people care about karma? What's the point in being a karma whore?	Because everyone craves validation. Some people get it from the friends, some people get it from their parents, others get it from Facebook likes, some get it from themselves, and some get it from imaginary Internet points.Same reason that people complete game achievements even if they're useless. One, it feels like you've accomplished something and two, other people of that community may take note of your achievements/karma and people like attention.Asks the man with over 2000 link and 4000 comment karma. I see through your ruse. Trying to get more karma and possible gold by acting naive. Very clever SigTecan very cleverHuman beings, naturally crave acceptance, an up vote on a topic is the internet communities way of saying, " hey these guys are alright" A down vote is the communities way of chasing you out of town with a pitchfork for being the devil It's all about egos and acceptance ..
Why are presidents who are giving speeches not afraid of getting assassinated?	They are afraid. So they do it in front of 4 inch thick bullet proof glass at things like the inauguration: _URL_0_ You just can't see it because of camera angles or the cameras are within the glass barrier.
How do different screenwriters on the same crew manage to keep the same tone and atmosphere throughout a whole series?	For television there is a job called "show runner" that is responsible for the overall tone and story. They will work closely with each episode's writer and director to keep them within the vision of the show.
How did humanity assign words to things? For example, why was the brain called 'brain' and not some other word?	It's all completely made up. That's as simple as it gets. When we talk about translating between languages it's really just looking at the same thing and finding out what word Chinese people made for it, etc. By the way, your name was completely made up too.You're deep in language theory. For example, _URL_0_ Many things say that scholars are not comfortable with this, and have only recently formulated consistent theories of how words emerge. Language is a social construct, that much is plain. And meaning of words demands consensus. It cannot entirely be a coincidence that the simpler words are often the older words, and that the first words spoken by infants are the ones easy for young minds to form with immature lip and palate control. Ax. Ox. Ma. Pa. You discard in the discussion why Oxyrhynchus is a "word" because you don't like the constructive nature of ancient tongues? You dislike why we call it telecommunications and not far-sending? This is in the very nature of what language is. Once you 've assigned the short symbols to familiar things, what else do you have but combining them into longer ones, and if an \'illustrative\' equivalence exists, using it is sensible. It feels to me like good words are like meme-theory: if they fit, they propagate.
why does John Wayne refer to people as "pilgrims" in his films?	Not the kind we think about this week, with the turkeys and the buckles on their hats. Pilgrim just means a person on pilgrimage -- a religious voyage of fulfillment and redemption. More generally, it means a wandering traveler from a distant place, or just a foreigner. Wayne uses the word "Pilgrim" to refer to easterners recently arrived in the Old West, especially when they're soft, timid, and moralizing -- values associated with religion, rather than the bitter realities of violent frontier lifeBecause it wasn't proper back in those days to refer to them as "my nigga."He doesn't. It was one movie, "The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance". In that case it was used as a metaphor, because the guy he's referring to had packed up everything and emigrated west. Edit: pretty decent film too, imhoI don't have an answer, but [this youtube link] has all of the times he says the word "Pilgrim" in Liberty Valance condensed into one awesome 88-second video. Might be the best thing I see all day.
. Why do we experience DeJaVu?	The ELI5 version of the most believable theory I've heard is, the brain has a glitch and stores new memories in an old memory slot making it feel like you experienced it in the past.As it was explained to me, and forgive the fact that I am just a normal person not a neuro-specialist, there are two basic kinds of memory: short term and long term. Deja vu occurs when the brain messes up a bit, and accidentally records a short term memory to the long term section. Even though the event and resulting memory just happened, and you can tell the event just happened, by having it present in long term memory as opposed to short term, it feels to you as though it has either happened before, or that you somehow foresaw it. I am certain that someone will give you a better explanation just after I post this one, please do not take my word as lawWe constantly pattern-match new experiences against old experiences to see if we can apply old knowledge to new situations. Sometimes we get false positives and think we strongly recognize what is in fact an unfamiliar situation.
Why is there a stronger breeze coming from my window when the door is open as opposed to closed?	You're allowing greater airflow. With the door closed, inflowing air just piles up in your room, and quickly reaches a pressure that stops much more inflow. When the door's open, there's no such bottleneck.
Why does your body gasp for air when exposed to sudden contact with freezing water? It seems a bit counterproductive to inhale when wet (e.g falling through a frozen lake)	It makes you breathe in quickly because you are potentially about to be entirely submerged in cold water so it makes sense to take as big a breath as you are able. This typically won't occur if your head is the first thing to enter the water.> it doesn't make much sense that your body would make you gasp for breathe when the logical choice would be to not breathe in. Not really addressing what this response is, whether or not it happens to all humans, and what causes it: remember that we humans are just tall, bipedal apes who like all other lifeforms on this planet are products of evolution. And evolution does not reward that which is perfect. That "makes sense" or is "logical". Only that which is "eh, that's good enough". To get enough members of a species to breeding age to pass on their genes, to evade their predators and find sufficient food to pass an environment's selection process. Everything alive today has passed that brutal filter. Everything that didn't is very, VERY dead. So the follow up question would be, would the urge to inhale on encountering very cold water be a selective pressure that would prevent a large number of organisms from reaching breeding maturity? And the answer to that question is certainly no. Especially considering our species, homo sapiens, originated on the continent of Africa where freezing cold water sources would have been non-existent.The reflex to inhale when exposed to a colder temperature is to stimulate the newborn's first breath after delivery. I dont know if it still holds water. And I fully agree with /u/sovietwomble that this is more beneficial than to not have it. In some cases it might be a disadvantage though. Just that the pros outweighs the cons.
why do you have to sign after using a credit card at some places and not others?	It varies based on store policy really. Some places require a signature if it’s over a certain dollar amount. Some places require a signature period, and some don’t care at all. It’s just a matter of what they want to do. I can go to Walmart and don’t have to sign if it’s under $50 but if I go to the local tobacco store I’m signing period, even though my smokes are only $7.Yes, store policy is the reason, but it goes deeper than that. It's really about how much liability the store wants to take on. If the store has your signature and you charge back or dispute the transaction, the store can show you're committing fraud. Without a signature it's harder to fight it. Big places like Walmart know that getting customers through the line faster for lower priced transactions is worth the liability. Small stores usually can't take that risk.
Why internet providers (like Verizon now) are throttling certain websites and streams	Simply because they can. The FCC hasn't set out a good guideline for internet providers to follow. This lets them throttle and speed up certain "high paying" peoples.
Why does it not take long for money to be taken out of my account, but if I'm getting money from PayPal or something similar, it takes days to process?	The way it works is like this. When you make a bill payment or a purchase, let's say the money is going to Apple, the funds are taken from your account and put in the Apple account at your bank where they are kept until they are processed. These funds are then sent in a big chunk to Apple at some predetermined time every so many days. The bank says "Hey Apple, John Smith, Jane Doe, and Steve have all paid you 75$. Here is 225$." When people pay you money, say PayPal, it is all sorted by institution and they contact your bank at the predetermined time every so many days and say "Hey Bank, put this much money in Steve's and John's accounts. Here's 100$." So in this case, you have to wait for the predetermined day for PayPal to make its next shipment of funds to your bank whereas in the first example your bank took your funds right away and sent it to Apple at a later date. Money always leaves an account instantly and arrives after a delay. Source: I used to work for a bankBecause companies are a lot more careful about giving you their money than they are about taking your money, for what should be obvious reasons.
Why is it that the hot water is the left knob and cold water is on the right knob for sinks?	Simple. Because the majority of people are right handed, and will reach for the tap with their right hand first. It is safer and more practical to turn on the cold tap first. As a left hander, I hate you all every time I am half asleep and scald my hands.
Every human on the planet spontaneously vanishes, and a hundred years later, aliens arrive. Would they be able to find out about the internet?	Sure, there would be an "Internet for Dummies" book someplace on a library shelf. They could learn all about what the Internet was. They could go to the places where the computers were, and maybe fix up the Wikipedia servers so they could learn all we know.Unless they were TRULY alien in some extreme and spectacular way , they would easily be able to find out about the internet without using the internet. If they were advanced enough for travel though space, they'd be advanced enough to detect and investigate well-preserved computer complexes. And there are plenty of those in hardened military bunkers or Aperture Science salt-mine based testing installations, for example. Some of the printed circuit diagrams and historical user manuals that lists the locations of on-line versions of instructional materials and reference documents would allow them to easily infer the existence of a world-wide knowledge base. ACCESSING it is an entirely different question.
what exactly causes pins and needles and what's the best method of getting rid of them? Are some people more prone to pins and needles	Pins and needles are caused by nerves which have been deprived of blood supply by pressure "waking up" and complaining about their previous condition. The best way to avoid them is to avoid putting them under such pressure in the first place. Probably some people are more susceptible to the sensation due to their body configuration, but they can as easily avoid the pressure as others.
From an evolutionary standpoint why do human babies grow temporary teeth only to be replaced later by permanent ones?	We are not the only species that has that. I know dogs and cats do, too. I think I remember reading it's about size. When we're small our jaws don't have enough room for the big permanent teeth we end up with. We still need teeth, though, so we get little mini-teeth. Then, as we grow older they get replaced with larger, more specialised teeth.We have two sets of teeth because we need teeth to make our food more digestible, but our head grows too big for the first set. Its very common in the animal kingdom. Liquid food until the age of 6, 7 is not nutricious enough. Fun fact: some sharks can grow an infinite amount of new teethBecause teeth do not grow in the same way our nails or hair do. Once a tooth is formed, it is complete - it cannot repair itself, or get bigger or really change at all. Humans go from being so small to being so large that our skull/jaw eventually outgrows our teeth, making them useless. So we get a second, adult set. When a baby tooth falls out, and you see it being replaced by an adult tooth, that new tooth is not growing from your gum the way a seedling grows from the earth. The tooth is already completely formed below the gum, and is simply erupting through the gum to the surface.follow-up question: why do an infants first teeth cause such strong reactions like diarrhea, fevers, congestion and what have you. i don't remember having similar symptoms when my adult teeth grew in.
Why do we look up when we are thinking?	It has to do with how we access memories and thoughts. Our eyes unconsciously look in certain directions depending on your thought process. Every hear someone say they can tell if you're lying by your eyes? It's often because of the direction your eyes look before answering. For example, looking up and to the left is generally a sign of accessing remembered imagery. On the other hand, up and to the right is typically constructed imagery. So a lot of times if someone is making up a lie, they're looking up and to the right. It's not foolproof, but it's pretty cool.
A deer can eat poisonous plants like rhoderdendrons because they don't have a gall bladder. When a doctor removes a humans gall bladder, are they too able to eat poison without feeling ill?	It depends on the 'poison' you're talking about. A lot of toxicity in humans is caused not by the chemical itself, but by what the liver breaks it down into. For example, ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde in the liver while isopropanol is converted to acetone. One of these is 'relatively' safe for us to consume. The other is fatal in pretty small doses", 'I can't seem to find a source for deer being able to consume rodotoxin because they don't have a gall bladder or anything relating toxicity to the gall bladder But the toxicity is due to " an inability to inactivate neural sodium ion channels resulting in continuous increased vagal tone". This mechanism is the same in humans and animals, and since I don't see a relation to the gall bladder I'm going to say yes it would still be toxic.Sorry what? A gall bladder has nothing to do with it. The reason why certain animals don't have gall bladders is generally their dietary habits - hind gut fermenting animals that are grazers don't all have a gall bladder . The gall bladder stores bile created by the liver and discharges into the small intestine. Animals without a gall bladder still create bile it just doesn't get stored - it trickles into the small intestine at a more constant rate. I'm a vet so not 100% on the human aspects.Hmm, in the Army I was taught "if a deer can eat it, so can you," as a survival trick. So this is false?', "Due to us being omnivores, we have a gallbladder to store bile. Bile helps to break down fat when we eat meat and other fatty foods. That is its one and only purpose. It doesn't have any relation to poisons or the ability or inability to process chemicals in the body.
Why are generic alkaline batteries not as "good" as name brand alkaline batteries?	Cheaper materials, usually, or because they intentionally made them hold less charge so they'd sell more of the name brand version. A better question is why you are using alkaline batteries in the first place. You can get a rechargable for only a little more that holds just as much charge and is reusable.
What happens to our feces in the sewers?	Vice had a nice video about [this]. Slightly NSFW I guess, contains a lot of fecal images right from the start. In short, it gets separated from water and other stuff, like toilet paper, gets tested if it doesn't contain poisons or dangerous material and is dried and made into a compost.Generally it first meets a pump armed with a grinder that prevents the sewers from clogging Then it enters a sewage treatment plant With a combination of germs, filtering, chemicals that cause junk to clutter and sink the water is cleaned. The stuff that is filtered from the water is then harvested for methane, which is used to generate power.
When did asking for autographs from celebrities become popular?	1920's. That's when baseball started becoming very popular in the US and also when film stars really started appearing", 'In recent times collecting autographs has become very popular as they can be sold over the internet [like this] at ridiculous prices', "romans and greeks collected the manuscripts and autographs of their famous writers. i'm sure people have always wanted proof that they met one of the people they admire. Cicero and Pliny the Elder were supposedly specifically autograph collectors
why can we just pump water into deserts to solve rising sea levels?	The surface of the oceans across the world is about 500 million square kilometers . To reduce the level of the earth's oceans by one millimeter , you'd have to pump five hundred thousand cubic kilometers - or about 120000 cubic miles of water into a desert AND THEN KEEP IT THERE and don't let any of it evaporate or it'll just fall back into the oceans as rain. And that's just for reducing the level of the oceans by one millimeter.
What is the purpose of human beings having emotions?	Almost all animals have some level of emotion, whether it be how we interpret it as emotion or simply forms of communication. It is a sort of communication - If someone doesn't look happy they tend to show it . The emotions we have, although sometimes annoying, help us be closer together and understand one another. Even if we're disagree on every aspect of life, we share the same emotions in the end.
How does an inverted switch 12v dc to 110v ac? Where does the extra 98 volts come from?	Some of the inverters use a circuit called boost converter, a boost converter uses solid state switches to charge an inductor. When the power to the inductor is removed, the collapsing magnetic field generates a higher voltage. To make it AC some inverters use multiple boost circuits and switch between them, if you see most inverters on an oscilloscope you will see that the waveform is only three steps. Boost circuits can increase voltage but require hight current as input. Power remains fairly constant between input and outputIt reduces amps. Total electrical power is volts x amps, so at the same power, if one is reduced, the other increasesA set of electronic switches are used to convert the dc to ac.The ac then goes to a 12 to 110 volt step up transformer, which uses magnetic fields to multiply the voltage by a set amountWatts = volts x amps as you up the voltage the amps goes down 60 watt bulb = 120v x .5 ampsor 60 watts = 12v x 5 amps
Why is it not safe to freeze food that's been frozen and thawed once already?	I believe it actually is relatively safe - the problem is more with it's quality. Freezing forms ice crystals, which puncture and damage structures in the food . Doing it once can be a problem , doing it twice is twice as bad.
'The-Dream wrote Umbrella by Rihanna' — what does that mean?	[The-Dream] Is both a producer and a performer. In this case, he wrote the song- all Rihanna did was sing his lyrics. In pop music the majority of music is created this way. The producers craft the actual song and the "stars" do little more than look good and sing what they are told to sing.Yes, The Dream literally wrote Umbrella for Rihanna. That's sometimes how it works, there are people who write songs to sell it off to artists. If you look at her [latest album], she only took part in writing one of the songs in the album.
Why do we always portray extraterrestrial life as way more advanced than us?	Yes, but primitive life wouldn't find us. The only way we would find primitive life is if we advanced enough to search for them. Edit: it should be noted that loads of sci-fi presents ETs that are less advanced than we are.
- What are "3g", "4g", and "4glte" and how are they different?	Think of it like roads or highways. 2G is like being on a two-way dirt road, no matter what kind of car you have you're limited as to how fast you can go.3G is like having a paved two-way road, because of the nice pavement you can go a lot faster than you could with 2G, but it is still limited by traffic.other networks like HSPA+ is now considered 4G, only because it is significantly faster than 3G, when technically it is 3.5G, but for simplicity sake I consider it 4G. 4G can be considered like a 3-4 lane Highway where you have multple lanes which allows for multiple cars to be on the highway at once without worrying as much about the traffic.when you add LTE to the HSPa+ it would be like adding an HOV lane to your highway. hope that helps **Edit Yeah I got this straight from T-mobile, it's the most simplistic answer I know. The only thing OP really needs to know when it comes to choosing between carriers is, which carrier gives the fastest service where I'll usually be.
I understand why it takes so long for our bodies to 'wake up' after we finish sleeping. How come it takes so long for our brains to be fully operational in the morning?	If you wake up naturally - that is, you wake up without an alarm or an annoying parent, then your brain is pretty much ready to go. But if you are in a deep sleep and something external wakes you, then your brain is still asleep and needs time to wake up. That is, unless you get the person to wake you with something loud and startling, that causes you do dump a tonne of adrenaline into your system!', "Mine's pretty well up and ready the moment I wake up. Always has been. I sit around and have breakfast and coffee, but that's more to be sociable with my wife than out of necessity.
Is the steam that comes out of nuclear power plants irradiated?	> But then that means the water comes into contact with the uranium in order to be heated? No. There is a fluid that passes through the reactor to pick up the heat and then passes through a heat exchanger which transfers the heat to the actual working fluid that turns the turbines. The steam going through the turbines and ultimately being exhausted was never in contact with the nuclear material, a safety precaution in order to stop the potential of contamination of the waste steamHave a look on [this schema], it´s in czech but you will get it.There are two primary styles if reactor currently. Pressurized, where water goes through the reactor and heats up, then transfers that energy to a different water system that actually boils and turns the generator. And boiling, where the water through the reactor actually boils and then hits the generator to make electricity. There are advantages and disadvantages to both. The steam you see? That comes from the water we run through the condenser located after the generator turbines. It never directly touches anything that's radioactive in the plant. So if the steam is somehow unhealthy, it's from something that was there before it hits the plant. Or after it left. In no case does the water actually touch the fuel. The fuel is contained inside a film that transfers heat easily, is non-corrosive in presence of fuel and water, and has a few other features. Like being relatively cheap. This prevents uranium from getting eroded and contaminating the coolant water. The coolant itself is kept clean enough that there are no contaminants that could get irradiated. Which also helps with chemistry control. Meanwhile, water itself has a very low chance of getting irradiated. Neutrons are very likely to collide with the hydrogen in water, but they're not likely to get absorbed and create an isotope. However, the chance exists. So any water going through the reactor is handled as if it's radioactive. Just in case.
Why does your eye sometimes go black when your standing up?	Your blood pressure drops because your body was optimized to move blood around while you were lying down. Quickly changing position causes blood to drain from your upper extremities lowering your blood pressure. This causes a brief dizzy spell occasionally.
If an electrical outlet (120 volts) can kill you, how come a taser (50,000) can't?	ELI5 version: Voltage is like the speed of a projectile. Current is the weight of it. A pea from a pea shooter may have the same speed as a cannon ball, but the cannon ball will hit harder. So, the taser can deliver a lot of voltage, but not much current. So, basically, it's a pea shooter with an extreme muzzle velocity. It has a lot of sting, but it's still not a cannon. The wall outlet, on the other hand, has less muzzle velocity, but it can deliver a really heavy projectile. Basically, a mortar.
How come having a shower in the morning magically stops me feeling like trash?	Hey friend, this is just speculation on my part, but I would guess there are a combination of things going on here. I completely know what you mean - I hate waking up early. But the shower makes it a bit nicer. Partly it is just a nice feeling, to be clean, and feel the warm water. Moving around, and the sudden change in temperature gets the heart rate and blood pressure up a little. Also, I wonder if maybe the ritual of it has kind of conditioned us somewhat so when you have a shower, your body knows you mean business!Water has a profound effect on people and animals. It's invigorating, stimulating, and often shocking. Your brain creates what are called "boundary events" when you walk through doors – like putting the memory and thoughts from one side of the door in a different drawer than the other – and is thought to be why you sometimes forget why you went into a room in the first place. Combine the two, and a morning shower reboots how you feel. Showers kind of have that power no matter when you take them. Had a bad day at work? After a shower, it won't feel quite so bad, etc.
Do skeletons of similar sizes or shapes have different masses? Can one be "big-boned?"	There can be small differences in bone structure. Generally not enough to be statistically significant. Sex, race and occupation can all play into general bone weight. As far as people carrying extra weight being "big boned" as a reason. No, they are just eating too much and exercising too little.
Why is the new My Little Pony show so popular?	I'm still not sure if a big portion of the internet is fucking with me", 'I think it was one of those "ironic to like" things at first. Especially since the internet following is mostly adult males that claim to be "bronies" and bros liking little girl things is comical. But, once you watch it, it's actually pretty well written for a kid's show and has a Foster's home/early spongebob endearing quality about it. So what would have been a silly fad has been propped up from the quality of the showI watch it for the plot. But that's not how it started, I believe it was originally a joke on 4chan. But then people actually started liking it for real. I think what seperates it from other kids shows is the difference in speech, and the actual goal to educate beyond things like "be nice to friends" . And as for the difference in speech, instead of looking at the tv and going "Can. You. Count. To. Three?" that they speak like real people. I was drawn to it the same way I am drawn to anything else. Try it once, thought it was pretty stupid. Few days later try it again and go "Well I guess it has its good parts". Try it the next day and go "Damn this is pretty good". Then I start to like it. It's how I am with just about any interest I have, and it worked out for ponies too! Then again, the people making pony porn don't really further any causes.
Why is it that AA batteries can have a small form factor and hold 2700mAh while my phone battery is huge and stores less?	mAh or mili Amp Hour isn't a measurement of energy. Amps measure the amount of electrons flow per second, but does not take into account the "Pressure" behind those electrons Energy is Amp Hours X Volts. Volts is the "Pressure" behind those electrons. AA batteries are either 1.5V or 1.2V, while the cellphone batteries are typically 3.7V Your 2700mAh X 1.5V = 4 Watt Hours. This is equivalent to only a 1095 mAh, 3.7V cellphone battery. Most phone batteries are > 2000 mAh
Why is it that when I get a cold, I feel cold.	Your hypothalamus usually tells your body to be around 98.6 degrees . That's what your thermostat is set to. If your body is less than 98.6 degrees, you feel cold. Now when you get a fever, your hypothalamus tells your body to get hotter, so it sets the "thermostat" to 102 degrees or so. So now, if your body is lower than 102 degrees, it feels cold. When it gets to the temperature that the hypothalamus is trying to reach, you stop feeling cold. A different way to think about it, your body tells itself that it's cold so that it heats up, even if you weren't actually cold.
what is the correlation between light being refracted in a lens and also slowing down within the lens?	They're not unrelated at all, the slowing down of light is what causes the bending. They're both described by a property of the material called the refractive index.
If I eat a huge breakfast, can I be full for the whole day?	No, you cannot be full for the day. Feeling full has to do with blood sugar levels being over a certain baseline, hormones released as you absorb nutrients from your intestines, and your stomach being physically filled. You will process food out of your stomach within 1-3 hours and total digesting between 6-12 hours depending on a number of factors. You will start to feel slight hunger within 3 hours due to food leaving your stomach regardless of how large a meal you eat, though having a larger meal may mean that it stays at a low level of hunger for a longer period of time due to you still having triggers from lower in your digestive tract giving you satiation.
- Why do Cuban-Americans actively lobby against US-Cuba relations?	Most of them are from the population which was forced to flee or expelled from Cuba when Fidel Castro took over, or have since escaped. Their big thing is that it is still the Castro's in charge of a still very much communist and unitary political party system of government.The big guy in Cuba threw them out. They want the big guy in Cuba to get hurt. US hating a country makes that country get hurtCuban-Americans are Cuban exiles, or descendants of them. They hate the Castro regime and want it to fallthe ones that came to the US clearly wont lobby FOR CubaThey lose their enemy they lose political clout.
How many mega pixels are our eyes?	It's not really an answerable question - the human eye and the interpretation of what is seen by the eye in the brain don't act like a camera. Although we do have a certain number of photo-receptors in the eyes that can detect light of different colours we can't just use that as a measure because often enough some of those cells are blocked by something like when we're squinting even a little some get blocked out. We also have some of them blocked depending on what we're focusing on. Debris and blood vessels in your eye do disrupt your vision, your brain just filters it out because, since they're always in sight, the brain decides they're unneeded data and throws them out and fills in the blind spot basically by continuing the pattern of what's around the blindspot.We also just have a blindspot - even if there were no debris blocking the way we physically can't see some parts of what we generally consider inside our vision. The brain similarly just fills the gap in to make a more clear vision. Should the brain just filling in blindspots count? On top of all this again you have the fact the human eye can and often will re-angle itself regularly to make a larger picture than the eyes can usually see at once, and the brain stitches together a large image that is a composite of each of the smaller scenes.Humans see "bars", not pixels, and they're processed by the occipital lobe and made up of sensory information from your rods and cones. You have millions and millions of them, so I 'd say around 90 "Megabars". However, this doesn't mean we see detail up to 90 Megapixels. Vision and optics as a field are infinitely interesting, but I guess the short answer is it's not comparable, especially due to our binocular vision and the fact that the information from our eyes is worthless without a mind processing the signal.About 324 megapixels. However, our eyes don't work exactly like single shutter cameras, they are more like video feeds. Your entire field of view is 576 megapixels. SOURCE: _URL_0_
Why does food or drink sometimes randomly irritate your throat, prompting a coughing fit?	It happens when you try to breath and swallow at the same time. There is a flap of skin called epiglottis that prevents food/liquid from entering the trachea. When the swallowing and breathing don't sync up well, a particle of food might stick to the epiglottis, causing you that irritation you feel. Cough is a natural reaction to blast air through the trachea in an attempt to clean.
ELI14: Pornhub vs. Youporn vs. Redtube vs ...	The best part of being a default subreddit is that finally new questions are being asked. Thanks, OP.A lot of the tube sites were started independently of each other and then bought up by one company . As to why they kept the original names, I'd imagine it has a lot to do with SEO , in addition to some market saturation and brand loyalty I'd assume.
What's the big deal about Jackson Pollack?	Great art is not a competition about who is the most skillful. To most non-artists, they tend to associate great art with great skill, and in some cases this is true , however, art is subjective by nature. And many "eras" in art were started by a single artist that have the vision to see a different way of doing something, of creating something. In Pollock's case, this was Abstract Expressionism. Whenever someone looks at work like that and inevitably says "well yeah, ANYONE could do THAT.." i try to reply with a simple question: "then why hadn't anyone done that before?" To me, that is the simplest way to sum up works like Pollocks, or other Abstract or Post-modern artists who appear to do simple designs, it seems simple, and yet before that time, virtually nobody had the foresight to express themselves on canvas in such a way. So the "big deal" about Pollock is not the technical skill required to do those paintings, but the revolutionary insight to create them to begin with.
Why do dogs bark violently at other dogs when you walk them?	It could be over territory as many dogs are very territorial. It could also be that they are being protective. Dogs are extremely protective and often love you unconditionallyA behavioral expert could probably shed more light on this, but in my limited observation there tend to be many different types of barks that may come off as "violent" while not all of them actually are. I have a medium-large, fairly well-trained dog who does not typically bark at other dogs on walks who are barking at him . He will, however, snarl and/or return the bark on occasions where the bark is vicious or threatening. But those instances are in the minority. My dog also has a greeting bark that is specific to people he knows that to the untrained ear might sound ferocious. But I think knowing what the bark means comes along with observing other cues such as posture, tail activity, display of teeth, pitch of the bark, pauses between barks or groups of barks, etc.
Why does Forbes consider someone like Bill Gates "self-made" when he grew up in wealth and could afford to attend Harvard?	Because the money he has is money he made, himself, through his business. It isn't money he inherited from a family member or something. "Self-made" isn't about where you came from, it's about how you got hereBecause he did not inherit any significant wealth. He was born in a fairly rich family, but nothing compared to the billions he has made through MicrosoftBecause the vast, vast, vast majority of his wealth comes from money he himself made. Mr.Gates has a net worth of 83.9 billion dollars. Think of what percent of that comes from his parents? Maybe a few thousandths of a percent? When we talk about wealthy people who are not self made, we talk about people who inherited a large portion of their moneyWhile you may consider it arbitrary, he was given lots of opportunity for education , but not given much money.He and his business made the money he has. A sports analogy would be that he was given world class training, but he still ran the races himself and won them. ', "Even though he had advantages over someone born dirt-poor due to the family he had he still earned his fortune by himself. If you take it literally, technically the only 'self made' man would then be someone born homeless. To some extent we all did get a little bit of help but he's still self made since the part between 'average person' and 'billionare' was his doing.
Why do some casinos won't allow a person to join a game or take home the money after a big winning?	The casino doesnt ever have to let you play at any specific table if for some reason they dont want to. They can kick you out for any reason as its a private establishment. That said they absolutely CANNOT keep you from leaving any time you want and taking your winnings with you, but it is their job to make money, when someone wins a jackpot they will do everything they can to make that person stay and lose some of it back to the casino.Casinos don't have to let you play. If they don't want you to play a particular game or at a particular table, they are within their rights to let you. If you do win big, there are lots of forms to fill out, and if you don't fill them out, they are not required or allowed to let you take the money. That's why they make the process as slow and painful as possible, usually in the meantime they will give you some free chips to play other games while they get the paperwork in order. They want you to stay in the casino as long as possible, but no, they are not allowed to force you to stay. However, it is not your money until all the paperwork is complete.
Why does licking a popsicle stick make my skin crawl?	I have no clue why you have that but I can tell you: reading about it alone made me shudder, too. I know exactly what you mean. It's .uuuurgh the thought of biting on that piece of wood I can hardly even write about it. Yuck! So yeah, I need an explanation for this, too!
What is a Master's Degree and What Does it Signify?	Elementary school - is general. You learn what everyone else learns. High school - still general. You learn mostly what everyone else learns, but you get to choose a little bit in what you're interested in. Bachelors - you start to specialize. Masters - ok, now you're an expert and people would acknowledge that you really know your stuff PhD - now, not only do you know pretty much everything there is to know about , but you're probably doing research to find out even newer stuff that nooone else knows. the whole taking a Masters without a Bachelors is I dunno how valid that is, I think you end up taking the Masters degree but with a crash course in the Bachelor level stuff.
How can we keep growing seedless mandarins if there are no seeds in them to grow more?	Most trees are not grown from seed. Most trees, particularly commercial fruit/nut trees, are grown by snipping a stem from a highly desirable tree and rooting it or grafting it into a desirable root stock. These trees are clones, rather than new genetic mixes. For example, if you plant an apple you won't get an apple tree that produces that kind of apple.
Why do clothing manufacturers make female pants without pockets?	For various reasons, women's fashions have favored appearance while men's have been more about utility. That has led to the use of lighter fabrics in tighter fitting cuts, where pockets, especially occupied pockets, would lead to unsightly bulges. In part because of this, most women carry purses, rendering pockets less necessary.Women are willing to buy pants without pockets because of how they look fitting tight. Because they buy them they do not make pants with pockets. If you want pants with pockets you need to stop buying ones that do not have pockets.
Having an intensely realistic dream that wakes me up via my heart is beating out of my chest.	I'd be a little concerned actually. Heart beating out of your chest while waking up from a dream probably means you have sleep apnea. I'd visit a sleep doctor. It's a serious, but easily treatable condition. I'm not kidding about that.
Why does African Americans are seen more likely to vote for democrats than republicans?	Yes, in the pre-Great Depression days in the South blacks voted Republican and whites voted Democrat because of Republicans part in the Civil War as well as the fact that the Republican Party was founded on abolitionism. When FDR was elected he put a lot of money into social services. Blacks in the South had been realizing that freedom was great and all but without social services they were starving. So they started looking at the Democratic party more and more favorably. In the South, the Democratic party was still highly racist and full of white folks but as blacks spread throughout the country outside of the South blacks started identifying with the Democratic party because of the social justice issues. In the 1950s and 60s we had the Civil Rights era and while the Republicans were more often on the "right" side of the issue than Democrats they were as into it as the non-Southern Democrats. This division in the Democratic party between the South and North caused some of the Southerners to bolt the party. In 1960 and again in 1968 former Democrats were able to win electoral votes in the South. Now that the Southern Democrats were disputing with the northern ones the Republicans saw an opportunity to gain votes and courted the white Southern vote that had formerly been Democratic. Of course with the white Southern vote going Republican this led to the black Southern vote going Democrat. So now with the Northern Democrats being more favorable to civil rights and social services issues and the Southern Democrats having far fewer white people involved blacks went entirely Democratic. Since then the Democratic party has given a lot of lip service to blacks to keep them voting with them while the Republican party has done it's share to make them feel unwelcome by pandering to the white vote.In the 1960s, the Democrats pushed a bunch of laws to try and make racial equality happen. This drove all the old white racists out of the party. The Republican party then picked up all these old white racists, because it turns out that's a lot of voters.
Why do you go noseblind to things you smell all the time but not eyeblind to things you see all the time?	Going nose-blind has evolutionary basis, and scents that are 'normal' to you get filtered out so that you can smell new things like potential dangers . You can't really go eye-blind to things like spreadsheets because you're consciously attending to them. What that means is that you're paying attention to them and focusing on them as the task at hand. You can go eye-blind to things like specks on the screen or things in your peripherals, because you aren't focusing your attention on them. Smell is an automatic process whereas vision is a lot more reliant on attention. You can't choose what not to smell, but you can choose what not to look at, which is why going eye-blind for stuff doesn't really happen .
How come in aquariums the predators don’t gobble up the prey? Are they trained not to do so?	Many fish will only attack when they are hungry, or won't attack fish they the don't recognize as food. A good aquarium will be curated to take both these into account, and will only contain well fed, mutually compatible species.
Is pre-historic worldwide flood actually plausible?	A worldwide flood is highly dubious. However, remember that to ancient people, the "world" was very limited to their local area. Any number of floods could have inundated thousands of square miles of land, leading people to believe that nearly the whole world was underwater[This] is a map of what the world would look like if the polar caps melted. That's a "flood" of 200 feet. that would hit lots of coastal places and be pretty worldwide but far from biblical, also Remember the arctic ice sheet is ~7,000 feet thick. Also even just that isn't going to recede in a few days For a biblical one there are many human cities above 10,000 feet. if you wanted to flood that much you would need over 50 antarctic ice masses or you would literally need to level all the land on earth then raise it up again. If you're talking about god anything is possible but within any normal scientific constraints it's just ridiculous.If there had been a true global flood that killed all but 2 of everything and all the existing animals came from the 2 getting off Noah's Ark, then there would be overwhelming evidence that would be very easy to detect. It would be very obvious.
why is suicide generally not accepted?	It's a permanent solution to a temporary problem. It's a messy thing for loved ones to try and understand.
Why do hammer head sharks have hammer heads? What is so evolutionarily favorable about that? (Not trying to argue evolution, I'm a biologist)	I saw on TV that it aids in finding fish. Sharks and other fish can detect electromagnetic fields in water, which are created by an animal's heartbeat, brain, etc. Somehow the hammer shape increase the accuracy of this. [citation needed]
Why do antihistamines make me so tired? And why does it effect others differently?	Many of the common anti-histamine drugs work by blocking histamine receptors in your body. Basically, it stops chemicals that would cause an allergic reaction from reacting with your body. However, a lot of these drugs also cause other chemical receptors from working correctly. The one we care about here is called acetylcholine. Because the antihistamine blocks the acetylcholine receptors in your body, it causes a buildup of acetylcholine in your body. This is what makes you feel tired. Newer, non-drosy anti-histamines are much more specific about what receptors it binds to, meaning that it no longer binds to the acetylcholine receptors and doesn't make you feel as tired. Interesting, related fact: Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is the primary active ingredient in a lot of over-the-counter, consumer sleeping pills because of the drowsiness it causes.
Why are the edges of my potato chips sometimes green?	It's from a very mildly poisonous compound found in potatoes called solanine that turns green when potatoes are exposed to the sun. Small amounts of it won't hurt you.
Why do people still use handkerchiefs	People with bad hay fever have near constant drainage. This basically water. The handkerchief doesn't even get crusty half of the time. When your nose is constantly running, the cost of tissues gets ridiculous. As for sanitary, I keep a bottle of hand sanitizer in my purse explicitly for this, but frankly, my hands get grosser when I use tissues because of leaking of breakage or what have you. I have a pack of them and just throw them all in the wash at the end of the week when I do my regular laundry.
Why does mint taste the way it does? Mint is such a unique taste that it's more of a sensation than a flavor. What gives it "cooling sensation" properties?	Mint has a chemical in it, called menthol. Menthol chemically triggers the cold sensitive receptors called TRPM8. TRMP8 is what produces a feeling of cold. So, when you eat mints, you trigger those cold receptors that give you the feeling of cold.
Why is it so important that I finish my course of antibiotics? What happens if I don't?	Some of the bacteria survive. And because you didn't kill them all the way, they adapt and become more resistant to antibiotics. Then they keep spreading and soon we have more bacteria that's resistant, and eventually antibiotics stop working and then a lot of people get really, really sick and die. No, this all won't happen because you alone got tired of taking the pills now that you feel better. It's one of those things we all need to be doing as a collective. And, yes, this sort of thing has happened.
why does drinking coffee make me slightly nauseous and hungry?	Coffee is very acidic. Consming acidic foods on an empty stomach can often lead to gastric pain and/or feeling nauseated. Adding milk or cream can help. Also try waiting for your first cup of coffee until after you've consumed something non-acidic. For example, eat a yogurt first, or a bowl of oatmeal. Also realize that caffeine tolerance means you can inadvertently build up to tolerating a high daily dose, but if you take a break from coffee/caffeine for a few days, even a single full-caf cup of coffee can make you feel jittery, from your hands to your stomach to your heart. Trust your body & go decaf or forego it altogether if you don't feel well when you consume it .Coffee is a mildly complex drink. It is acidic and contains both caffeine and laxative power. These things together and the effects they have on you can combine to make you feel unwell. For many people too much caffeine can make you feel light headed and the acidity of the coffee can really bother your stomach. Since coffee also gets your guts moving, the pressure changes down there can also make you feel unwell especially when combined with the effects of caffeine. I have similar issues when I drink coffee but found it could be mitigated a bit by eating first. If you have issues with too much stomach acid, coffee can make that worse as well, making you feel unwell.
how does a hearing aid differ from normal earbuds?	A hearing aid has a microphone and the amplifier built in, whereas plain earbuds are just speakers.A hearing aid may also be programmed for the individual user, based on their hearing range. Some people have mid-range hearing loss, others have high frequency loss, so the hearing aid may be programmed to amplify ranges differentlyThe real question is, what makes them cost $4000+ each when bluetooth headphones that are smaller, have a microphone, and speakers are $100 at most for a pair?
What is a "dry socket", and why is it painful?	dry sockets are when blood clots that form after a tooth is pulled out become dislodged from the hole in the gums. If the clot comes out,the nerve that was connected to your tooth is now exposed and constantly getting poked and proded by your tongue,saliva,air,food,drink and any other stuff it comes into cantact with. No one ever wants a dry socket and great care should be taken not to find out how they feel.
If a Reddit user (or admin) alter or delete the content of a post how do other users "dig up" the original so quickly?	Depending on the sub, there are plenty of ways. Some subs have public moderation logs, where everyone would be able to see the changes. Some automatically make offsite archives of the threads. There are also sites that keep track of almost everything that happens on Reddit automatically, allowing you to see deleted/altered posts. There are also the individual users, that may notice their history isnt what they wrote. Some subs might use multiple means of tracking this, especially after all the attempts to gut the site and remove politically "inconvenient" subs and voices.
What do they mean in a restaurant when they say "all day"	All day is what you say when you're giving other cooks the rundown of EVERYTHING they have, say you have 5 orders in and across all 5 orders you have 7 chicken dinners. In that case, youd call "7 chicken dinners all day" In my experience an all day is something a cook requests when he's getting swamped and needs a reminder of what he should have going, or need to start getting ready. Experience 10 years cooking throughout multiple high volume kitchens.It's restaurant slang for the total order. So two separate tables ordered a hamburger each , instead of saying it twice for two tables, it's just combined so the back of the house can just get two burgers up.
How come I feel the need to swallow food if I chew long enough but not gum?	When chewing food, it is broken into smaller pieces as u chew. Ur tongue then automatically moves the chewed pieces to ur esophagus once the pieces are small enough. Gum on the other hand changes shape but not size, u actually need to make an effort to swallow it, because even after chewing the size is still abnormally large', "Following on from what OVRFIEND wrote, it's not so much an 'automatic' function, more autonomous, it's electrical signals sent from your jaw synapses that tell your brain that the food is adequately mashed for smooth consumption.
What does a music conductor actually do?	Your assumption is not very accurate. 1) Keeping the beat is fine when it does not change and you have a small group of musicians. It is not fine when it will change, sometimes often in a piece and you are dealing with 80+ musicians. Minor differences and sheer distances from one side to the other will lead to people drifting apart if they do not have a common reference point. 2) In addition to directing the tempo changes, they also give direction on volume, style, and when people should come in or cut off. Orchestral and Symphonic music is far more complex and nuanced than rock music tends to be and as such the directions need to be more subtle and the margin for error is much smaller. Think of a great guitar solo. Now imagine that has to be played by 5 players in unison matching tempo, style and volume. That is far more complex than just a single person playing it.
Why don't birds mate with other breeds of birds like dogs do?	Because those birds are from different species, not different breeds. Some bird species might have different breeds but birds like pigeons, rooks, sparrows etc are all different species, often belonging to very different families too. Different species often cannot mate, either due to physical differences, due to geographical differences, or because they do not understand each other's mating cues. And even if they were to mate, they could not produce fertile offspring.

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