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Explain the syntax of the "Darmok and Jilad at Tenagra" dialogue, please?	Tamarians speak in metaphors, as explained in the episode “Darmok” of TNG. As u/xeno_man said, the metaphor in this case related a story of two travelers who met at a certain location and overcame a great hardship. Other metaphors given in the episode refer to parley, attack, fast travel, and cutting off communication. I'd bet that r/daystrominstitute or r/tenagra could explain it better, but that's the gist of it. Edit: Found this post: _URL_0_", 'The story of two strangers that happen to come to a place that had a danger. Together they over came the danger and left the land as friends. Darmok and Jilad on the ocean. Star Trek: The next Generation.
Why can't I re-create something I imagined exactly?	Need more XP in artistry and executing your vision. It takes a lot of time to get really good at that, and to be able to coordinate what you're thinking with how your tools work and what you can do with your tools. -Dali painted [this] when he was 66. Here are some people next to it for [scale]. And if you look at some of his earlier work it kinda [blows] in comparison.
what exactly does a database do?	A database is just an organized collection of information -- it can be as simple as a written ledger or as complex as a warehouse full of computers. Every organization has information it needs to be able to store and access readily -- databases house said information. Pretty much every web service you use has a database at it's back end, holding information that need to be accessed. Oracle builds tools for creating and maintaining databases -- they're the Craftsman Tools and construction worker of the digital database world.
When the tide is high on one coast, is it low on the opposing, parallel coast?	The tide will be high where you are as well as the opposite side. It will be low between that. This is a little too simple though, because both the sun and the moon are affecting it. Sometimes you'll see a complete tide cycle with little actual change, sometimes it's a huge swing, just depends how the two are interacting. Source: diver. Tide is your frenemy.
How can we differentiate the tastes of so many foods with only five flavors?	A large part of tasting something involves your sense of smell. Your nose can differentiate between trillion different smellsBy far the most influential part of the "taste" experience is not done by the tastebuds in the tongue but by the olfactory bulb in the nose. It is the analysis of molecules released by the food as we are eating it that generates most of our perception of taste. The olfactory system is way more subtle and complex than the simple taste-bud system in the tongue and recent research suggests we can detect over [a trillion different smells]. It is this facility that gives us such a wide range of tastes.
Why did the USA kill Osama bin Laden instead of capturing him?	If captured, it would have became a decades long media show and political and ideological fight over what to do with him. This prevented that.What Americans will tell you; He killed thousands of people, blah blah blah. What the rest of the world will tell you; He got on America's bad side when only a few years prior, he was their best friend.
Increased efficiency and automation have been eliminating jobs for thousands of years (from the creation of aqueducts to the invention of computers and internet). Why is it such a fear now?	Always Follow The Money. Logic says that workers, ordinary folks, should be the ones fearing automation. But the articles I've seen spreading fear about automation causing massive unemployment seem to originate at media organs that serve the financial industry. And the financial industry serves the wealthy. So why would the wealthiest people in the world be even the slightest bit concerned if the working poor are unemployed in droves? They wouldn't be, we all know that. So what's the end game look like if automation eliminates 90 percent of all jobs? Well, at that point we will probably be a post-scarcity civilization. Meaning money might just go away completely. And that possibility would terrify the wealthy.We are getting to the point where it could create mass-joblessness, which is associated with a stigma of being lazy or dumb1) Jobs being replaced now are more intellectual and charismatic. AI is replacing reference clerks, entry level lawyer positions, secretaries etc. They are also replacing customer service industries with self check-out, order kiosks at fast food restaurants, computerized phone banks, etc. 2) Jobs are being replaced faster than ever before. The previous replacements took decades or a century or more to happen. There was time for society to adjust. Now things are replaces much much faster.
How do scammers from India get a hold of phone numbers from United States and Europe?	You can purchase huge databases of names & numbers from marketing companies. Or you can look on torrent servers for the same for free. Or you can just sequentially wardial numbers. Out of all of the scam calls I've gotten over the years, only one or two have actually used my name in the call.In the event of OP asking about Caller ID "phone numbers" There are a near infinite number of VoIP providers, many of whom offer local numbers on both the inbound and outbound side .There is no way to trace these as you can often use laundered/untraceable payment methods or straight up fabricate a business address. That is if the VoIP company and user can be identified, as many scammers use redirects or temporary conference calls to make it difficult if not impossible. These providers then supply whatever Caller ID the scammer desires and most systems will show that and either "out of area" or the state the area code belongs to if it isn't one of the big 3 landline providersNames can be put into online phone number directories like whatever your equivalent of Canada411 is. They can just pick a random name and a number will probably show up. Tl;dr It is the same way the first T800 found Sarah ConnorUsually they just use a phone book. They are rather easy to come by and many nations now have digital phone listings online.
Why isn’t flint Michigan fixed yet?	Politics, and logistics. And before anyone says it, parties are irrelevant. The crisis started under a city council comprised entirely of Democrats. And when it first got really bad , they continued to do nothing, and actually rejected offers and proposals to fix the problem. At this point, the problems have all been caused by the river water being contaminated. Then, in March of 2015, the governor appointed an emergency manager. And he rejected other proposals to fix things, because he's a moron. Under him, things stayed terrible. The city stopped using river water in October 2015, and has since been using Detroit water. The problem is river water isn't the issue now. The issue is that the city never switched over from lead pipes. So now, all the pipes in the entire city have to be replaced. That's in progress, but likely won't be done before 2020, because it's a massive undertaking that should have been done bit by bit over the last few decades. As of January 2017, lead levels are technically below the federal limit. However, since it isn't far below the limit, it still probably isn't all that safe, and I sure as hell wouldn't want to drink it. TL;DR decades of political incompetence caught up, further incompetence let the problem explode, and now fixing it is taking forever because the logistics are a nightmare. IMPORTANT FACT: cities moved away from using lead pipes as far back as the 1920s. And they were nationally banned nearly 40 years ago. ###EDIT: Several people have said that the pipes would have been fine if not for the messed up pH . This is the conventional wisdom on lead pipes, yes, but according to scientists in [a study published last year in August], that may not be completely true.
Why do soft drinks (ie: sprite coke) bubble like crazy when sugar is put in?	The rough surface of each sugar granule provides many nucleation sites, places where the dissolved CO2 can come out of solution. Same reason the bubbles tend to form along scratches or rough patches inside yer glassFor research purposes , why are you adding sugar to a beverage already filled with sugar?
Why is it called the glove department?	It's called the glove compartment. Meaning, quite literally, it's a place where you can put your gloves when they are not busy keeping your hands warm.
Why do simple art pieces sell for so much money?	I think there are four layers to this. The first is that some people really like simplistic art pieces. Sometimes they like how it looks, sometimes they enjoy the message . Sometimes people like to buy expensive things to show off that they have the ability to do so. Some brands of footwear, headphones and so on sell for way more than they are worth, because by owning them you are making a statement. An individual may want an expensive piece to show off their wealth, a museum may want an expensive piece to attract visitors. Third, it can be a good investment. Art can usually be sold again in the future, often for a similar or higher price . This can be more lucrative than leaving money in a bank account and less risky than investing in stocks and shares. Fourth, buying and selling art is an incredibly easy and useful way of laundering money. If you run an illegal business, or you want to move large amounts of money between countries, buying and selling art is a great way of making it all look legitimate on paper.
From where does a hurricane get its centripetal force?	The winds are flowing _into_ the storm, not out of it. They're flowing in because the warm air at the center is rising rapidly, leaving an area of very low pressure at the center. The spin of a hurricane is the result of the Coriolis Force, which in turn is the result of different latitudes spinning at different rates.
how esports commentators commentate right in front of the athletes? Does this not give away vital information especially in games like league and Starcraft?	The eathletes are wearing headphones and they're usually in those booths, one per team. Exactly so they can't hear the reaction of the crowd or the announcersThe commentators, just like in plenty of other sports, are nowhere near the people playing the game. In esports, they are watching it on screen the same as you, you might be surprised but even in many traditional sports, the commentators are just watching the game on a screen too, not actually watching the "field"
Why the way the winning country of the Sochi Olympics is determined by total gold medals and not total medals?	The Olympics isn't about what country wins the most medals. That sort of emphasis on quantity overvalues countries with more athletes. The emphasis is on individual events. The medal count is just for fun. Who is to argue that a gold medal in the free skating competition is equivalent to a gold medal in skeleton?
How igloos keep you warm?	Snow is a really good insulator The structure keeps you out of the wind and retains any heat generated within. You can warm up with retained body heat, or a small oil lamp .
Why do OLED phone displays get damaged by green lasers?	Come back with that one more time now?Could you please give an example or context to this? After speaking with my mind, I was still confused about the nature of this question, so I asked my old friend Google who seems to only know of a few instances where screens where damaged intentionally with high powerd lasers, and the rest were unintentional, however also with lasers far more powerful then a standard pointer
What stops an automatic car from stalling?	The manual has a full metal linkage through the whole gear train, and you must manually depress the clutch. Automatics have a torque converter, which uses one turbine coming off of the drive shaft and fluid under pressure to drive a second turbine on the output at low speeds. As the speed increases, the computer moves in the mechanical linkage to bypass the fluid. But what that means is that when the wheels are at rest, there is enough give in the fluid drive to allow the engine to rotate without choking, while a manual clutch is under so much pressure on the clutch plates that it's as if the engine were directly connected to the wheels and forced to stop, rather than slip.
If there is only $1.2 trillion in circulation then how is The United States Federal Government in nearly $18 trillion of debt?	Banks, including the fed, are able to "create" money buy issuing credit and debt. Think about it this way. Imagine that I am a bank. Fred deposits $100 dollars in my institution. I then take this $100 dollars and lend it to Linda . There is still only one $100 dollar bill in this mini-economy, but Fred has assets of $100 and Linda has a $100 bill. Essentially, I 've "created" money. Multiple this by hundreds of banks, credit card companies etc, add on top of it electronic commerce, wherein value is shifted but no physical cash is moved and you can easily have a system wherein the GNP is > > > physical cash on hand. In such a system it is also easy to be in debt many times the amount of physical cash present.Those aren't actually the same units. The $1.2 trillion is in dollars right this second, while that $18 trillion is dollars that have to be paid at some particular second between now and 30 years from now.All credit is effectively a promise of future payment. Many investors are happy to buy a promise of future payment well above what the person can currently pay for a host of reasons, and many people are happy to borrow way more than they could pay immediately, particularly when it comes to large purchases like houses or aircraft carriersThe amount of currency is circulation has nothing to do with the amount of money, the debt, or anything else. Currency accounts for something like 1% of all financial transactions. Further reading: _URL_0_
Is there a difference between a quicksave and a normal save?	A quicksave is exactly that. It allows you to save your position,supplies,equipment,etc, at the press of a button instead of going into a menu and going through the process of saving. For example in Skyrim or Fo4 its good before heading into an unknown area, just incase something comes and rips you apart, you won't lose any progress. Or if you want to go ahead and murder the whole town/village and then quickly reload w/o wasting time. You still want to save normally and regularly but its a good way to backup your stuff on the fly.Quicksave "floppy disk" instantly saves over what you have opened. Normal save "save as" lets you choose how it will be saved. You can make a new save file, while leaving the original the way it was before you made the changes, save where you want it and the formatNormal save asks you where you want to save it, how you want to save it. Quicksave assumes the answers and just does it.
Why are safety matches allowed in hand luggage but not in hold luggage?	Because they might rub together and start a fire. It's much easier to detect and put out a fire quickly in the cabin than in the cargo hold.
What would having an actual, physical third eye do to your vision?	You'd have slightly better depth perception and slightly great field of vision, but other than that, not much. That is why third eyes are rare in nature, and when they do exist, they are usually a completely different kind of eye. The slight evolutionary benefit does not outweigh the cost.
Why is it snowing so much in Boston right now?	cough global warming cough. In all seriousness, climate change is not simply a fraction of a degree shift. It also means more extreme swings in weather. Where it is warmer in some places, it is just as much colder in others. I feel it is not a coincidence that Boston is experiencing the most snow it has seen in this short of a period of time, and California is experiencing one of the worst droughts it has ever had. .
How come rubbing your eyes makes them itchier?	Your hands are always dirty, it's just a matter of degree. There's oils on your skin, there's dead skin cells, there's good old fashion dirt. All of that could get in your eyes when rub them. As for allergies, there's a layer of tissue in your eyes called the conjunctiva. They are there to defend your eyes from microscopic threats like germs, allergens trigger off these defenses, and the conjunctiva signal your brain that they think some thing is wrong and could use some macroscopic help.
How does insurance work for large ocean shipping companies?	Both the ship owner and those shipping cargo will generally have insurance. The ship owner has insurance for the obvious reason, to insure the ship itself in case it is lost or damaged and to cover its contents. Those shipping cargo have insurance for an obvious reason and a rather obscure one. Obviously they want to insure their cargo and any financial burden they may face if it doesn't arrive at its destination. Less obvious is that they don't want to pay for everyone if the ship goes down. In Maritime Law there is the principle of [General Average] which states that when the ship is in danger and some cargo is jettisoned then all parties shipping goods on the ship will split the cost of the lost goods proportionally. This is for the safety of the ship so no time is wasted trying to find heavy but cheap cargo that can be jettisoned and losing the whole ship instead There are a lot of insurance companies out there each with different specializations. Those dealing with maritime insurance and corporate insurance would insure ships and their contents. As to what the premiums look like, I can't give you numbers on that. Insurance premiums are specific to each application and can vary wildly. If you're shipping wheat across the Mediterranean you'll get a very different price than if you're shipping Ferraris through the Bering Sea in February.
How are bills able to be changed last minute with other members of congress seemingly being out of the loop?	It doesn't happen with most bills. When it does tend to happen is when there is a particularly complicated bill that has to be passed immediately . In those situations, the bill can be dozens or hundreds of pages long, and contains very technical language. Because of the sensitivity of time, the members of Congress put their trust in a smaller number of people to make sure that all the details are correct. Sometimes, this smaller number of specialists will add things to the bill that are unexpected or that other members don't have time to learn about and fully understand. Because the bill is very long and complicated and must be passed quickly, the members decide it's better just to vote "yes" to solve the big emergency, even though there is a risk of them inadvertently agreeing to something the didn't intend. On very rare occasions, the added provision is intentionally written in a confusing way so that it won't be easy to discover until later. Sometimes a last-minute provision is quietly added in order to get additional votes needed to pass the bill"You have to pass the bill to see what's in it" -Nancy Pelosi
It I decided I wanted to go fight in Afghanistan (US Army or Marines), about how long would it take until I was actually there?	Enlistment paperwork and filing: a few weeks. Delayed Enlistment: How long does it take before the Military has a slot in Basic Training for you to fill. Can be as little as tomorrow, or as late as a few months. Basic Training: 10 weeks Advanced Individual Training: 5-14 weeks for most infantry jobs. Deployed to a combat zone: It depends on the needs of the military. At the height of the war people were heading over within a few months, nowadays, you might wait a year or more. You might never go, since it's all winding down.
I'm American. Why isn't there a state/ national government hosted web page where we Citizens can login with our SSN and vote for things to be voted on by our elected officials?	Because the constitution and laws don't allow the government to work that way. The US is a representative democracy. You elect people to decide what to vote on and how to vote.I agree that this type of system would be awesome and more "democratic" but unfortunately many people do not know how to use the internet and it would almost certainly fall subject to spectacular abuse/hacking/ID theft etcThis is a link to a logistical reason that would make it difficult_URL_0_
Why are round icecubes better or more efficient than square icecubes?	This is physics, not chemistry Spherical ice "cubes" would melt more slowly since spheres have the lowest surface area per unit volume. This might be considered efficient in the sense that the ice would last longer. Also, the bigger the sphere, the more "efficient" it would be . These "efficient" spheres are also more likely to allow your drink to warm above 0°C. If you want your drink to be kept as cold as possible, even at the risk of the ice melting sooner, then you want the opposite of this sense of "efficient". Small, crushed ice will be best; and the ice can never melt faster than needed to maintain 0°C, so smaller ice is not wastefulThey aren't necessarily. All things being equal Spherical objects have the minimum surface area for a given volume. So they melt more slowly, however they also cool more slowly. High surface area "cubes" like the tubular ones you sometimes get at fast food restaurants cool quicker and melt faster. And a single large cube would cool and melt slower than multiple small ones of the same shape and total volume. It's all about the ratio of surface area to volume. The higher that ratio the faster they cool and the faster they melt until temperature equilibrium is reached
Why Does Shutting Your Computer Off Every Once In A While, Make It Perform Better?	1. Updates. A lot of software updates are installed when you turn a computer off then back on, rather than when it goes to sleep. This is because it's very hard to update something while it's running, so they can only get access to it while it turns on. A lot of software updates improve performance, stability, and so on. So you get those when you reboot. 2. Leaks. There might be a mistake and some software keeps getting larger and larger behind the scenes . There might be a chance they persist through sleep , but a full restart would clear it. 3. Temperature. A computer is still hardware and letting it cooldown to room temperature can improve performance.
Why are most, if not all, workplaces based around a dictatorship style of governing?	Dictatorships are extremely effective ways of getting things done. I'm not aware of any successful company that's run in a fully democratic way -- even the employees at Valve either did what Gabe Newell wanted, or they left. That's not to say that Gabe didn't listen to other ideas and distribute some of the responsibility to his managers and chiefs, but at the end of the day, even Valve is a dictatorship.
Can someone please explain how Narcan works? I know it reverses reverses the effects of an overdose, but how? What exactly does it do?	To work, opioids must bind to a receptor on a cell to cause the effects. Naloxone is a competitive antagonist. If the opioid is a key, and the receptor is a lock, naloxone is the equivalent of you pushing the other guy aside and shoving a blank key before they can put the opioid key in. edit: antagonist, not agonist.
how do machines like cars and boats, use gasoline	That's a long-ish story, the key here is the internal combustion engine, you might want to look it up. A very short version: Gasoline, when in vapor form and mixed readily with lots of oxygen, doesn't just burn as it would if you light it while liquid, it actually explodes . The combustion engine has cylinders that move up and down and turn this linear motion into rotary motion of the engine using a crankshaft. The cylinders are essentially moved by the gasoline combusting when they're compressed, pushing them down and turning the crankshaft. This happens in all cylinders multiple times a second, resulting in a quickly turning crankshaft. You then have the rest of the mechanisms, the gearbox, differentials etc. that translate this turning motion into turning of the wheels .
How was the BC/AD dating system created?	It was created by a 6th Century monk named Dionysus Exiguus. At the time, the calendar was based on a Roman emperor who wasn't terribly kind to Christians. Dionysus was working on an Eastern calendar, and didn't think it was fitting to link it to that particular person. So instead he did some rough math and took a wild guess what year Jesus should have been born, and based the calendar year on that, keeping everything else the same. He did this for his own personal calendar, and had no idea with would eventually catch on, including his incomplete scholarship. By the time people figured out the dates had to be off, it was too late, the calendar had been too widely adopted, and being off a few years after centuries had passed didn't really matter.
When my blood donation reacted during a test What is it that's reacting and what does this mean? Also why can't my blood donation be used?	They test blood for all diseases that could be transmitted through a blood transfusion. Some people have antibodies that cross react The first tests are incredibly sensitive, but not very specific, so when they get a reactive, they do a confirmatory test, which is very specific, but very expensive, which is why they don't do them on the whole lot. Confirmatory tests also take a long time to complete. If the confirmatory test is negative, then you don't have the disease, but the FDA says that the blood still cannot be used.
if fat is the way energy is stored in our bodies, does this mean that a person with a higher fat percentage could go longer without eating than a person with a low fat percentage?	All things being equal, for the most part, yes. However, when you go without eating, it is not just calories you are missing out on, there are other essential nutrients which are not stored in our bodies. The fat person would eventually suffer from deficiencies in those, and could still die while they had plenty of calories stored awaySorry I don’t know where to find a link, but there’s an article in the internet that talks about a man who lived solely off of water and vitamins/minerals for many months in order to lose weight. So apparently yes, it is possible to live without eating calories if you’re fat enough.That's the entire point of fat. They store energy so you can go longer periods of time without food.
Why is the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar such a big topic of controversy?	1. There are a lot of allegations of bribery. The report on it has not yet been made public.2. Mistreatment of imported workers by the various contractors building the stadium.3. In the middle of summer the temperature in the mid-day sun is over 120F, European players and fans won't enjoy that. So to compromise FIFA wants to reschedule the world cup to the winter, but that interferes with European soccer schedules and US tv airing schedules.4. Missing something but can't remember.4. It shows how corrupt FIFA is by allowing Qatar to have the WC after the many documented violations that have occurred in the country in preparation of the WCFor one, the daily highs during that time over year are easily above 105 degrees Fahrenheit .
Are we really getting older slower if we are in outer space?	It's not being in outer space that matters. It's moving at high speeds, near the speed of light. In Interstellar it was because they were in a powerful gravity field, which is sort of the same thing. This is because of Special Relativity .It isn't just being in space, it's because of the speed. The faster you go, the slower time passes. It's called "time dilation." The speed of the passage of time is relative to the speed of light. [Here's a good explanation with some more detail]
Can someone explain the UK postgraduate grading system in detail?	A postgraduate masters degree consists of being awarded 180 credits. Some universities might say something else, like 90 credits, but really all this means is that universities "credit" is equal to 2 credits at some other university. Most say 180, though. Not enough credits, no degree - no matter how well you performed in the credits you do have. The credits of a module obviously contribute to the credits required for the degree, and so the more credits a module is worth, the more weight your score on that module has on your degree classification. A module worth 20 credits has twice the weight a module worth 10 credits does. A simple picture would be a degree awarded for completing 3 courses, worth 90, 60 and 30 credits respectively. If your scores on these were x y and z respectively then your score for your degree overall will be /180. This score corresponds to your classification. < 50 is a fail. < 60 is a pass, < 70 a pass with merit, and > 70 a pass with distinction.
How are new queen bees born?	Similar to normal bees, just fed differently. Basically when the conditions for swarming are met the queen lay eggs in special queen cups and those larvas are fed royal jelly exclusively which makes it so that they develop into queens
What's the "second wind" you get from staying up late?	Your brain can trick itself into thinking that it has just woken up using its internal clock. When the receptors in your eyes start detecting more light, as they often do when the sun is rising in the morning, your brain receives hormones that tell the brain it is time to start the day. This will have your body operating as though it had gotten some rest the night before, although it really hasn't. After a number of hours, this feeling will fade, and you may eventually feel even more tired than before.
Why were people compelled to kill the last wild specimens of now extinct species?	One of the main reasons is so that you can collect and preserve a rare species. Once killed, the animal can be cleaned, stuffed, and mounted on a wall or otherwise preserved in perpetuity. The people who do this care more about collecting those animals than they do about actually preserving a rare species.Similarly, I've always wondered about the mindset of poachers. They must realize they are poaching animals to the brink of extinction and once that happens, their income source is gone. Are they that short sighted and figure they'll just move on to the next thing? I just don't get it.
So the opposition in Myanmar wins. What's going on?	Well the opposition in Myanmar wins because behind the scenes, nations like the U.S. are offering protection from China's inceasing attempts to flex their muscles. So as a result the military is relaxing their hold. But it doesn't mean they will let go of power easily. Where a democracy and the rule of law is flimsy , the military can just sweep in again with another coup d'etat The fact that the military appear to have accepted the result of the election appears to be a minor miracle though.
Why is it that cats and dogs get arthiritis relatively quicker than when humans get it?	Possibly because they have a shorter life span? One human year is approximately 7 dog years - this means that a 10 year old dog is the equivalent of an 70 year old human. If you think of it this way then it makes sense that they might be a bit arthritic. Also, domestic dogs and cats live longer than their wild relatives. If the same animal was living wild it would probably die long before it was old enough to get arthritis. It differs from breed to breed.
Is it really possible to shoot a lock open with a pistol?	Depends on the lock, the pistol and other factors. I believe the Mythbusters looked at this and concluded that most locks can take several bullets without being compromised. At some-point the weakest part of the lock is the thing its attached to the doorYou can break anything by applying the right amount of force on it. And yes, guns do provide enough force to break locks. Not that they would be my tool of choiceYes. But not like they usually show in the movies:_URL_1_ The right way:_URL_0_
The Libertarian view of the "free Market".	It means that the deals, purchases, sales, transactions and agreements between companies and customers, employees and employers should not be regulated by the government. Likewise the government should have minimal regulation on how companies operate. There are few ideas behind this. One is that freedom is valuable and government regulations are restrictions on freedom, violate freedoms, so they should be avoided. Second belief is that free market will provide the best results via competition between companies. For example if cars in production are dangerous, instead of government regulations on what kind of cars should be manufactured, car companies will start competing with each other who will make the safest cars. And as customers want safe cars, the competition between car companies will result that car safety will increase without government regulation. And if some industry is polluting the environment, instead of government regulating pollution, new eco-friendly industry will start competing with the old industry, and as customers are interested in environmental standards, this competition will force the old industry also to change their production methods so that they don't pollute as much anymore, causing that the free competition, not government regulation results in eco-friendly industry.
Why do humans have such a hard time with calculations?	Computers were build to be good at calculations. The human brain evolved over many thousands of years to be able to do complex tasks like recognizing voices or faces, though there was never a need to be good at calculating, hence we are not good at that.Over the years, humans didn't need to know calculations in order to survive. We needed to know social ability and survival thinking to progress and reproduce. Since computers are literally doing constant calculations, they're built to solve them.
How the hell did people survive before mosquito spray? I am getting eaten alive right now.	I assume you mean how did they not go crazy, rather than how did they not get diseases, because they did get diseases. I've heard a few theories: Use smoke to keep the bugs away. When fire is how you cook, harden wood for spears, and keep large animals away, you always have smoke. There may be some plants that help. Mint, garlic, lemongrass, and pine are all supposed to repel mosquitoes if rubbed on the skin. The may be some foods that help. In particular garlic, onions, and vitamin B are all supposed to help. Fewer perfumes. You can still wash with water, but scented soaps really seem to attract bugs. Wear thicker clothing, such as leather. Or put mud on exposed skin. Find areas with a breeze. As someone who camps in the woods a lot, I generally find that after about a week I stop reacting as much to the bites so I barely notice the mosquitoes.
Why do people crouch when exiting helicopters in movies or real life?	Because the rotorwash can knock you down if you're not careful; it creates very powerful winds. Crouching down also makes you smaller so less debris hits you.
What does a movie/TV producer do?	They run the project, arranging stuff. On a movie project, they're the guys kicking everything off, sourcing scripts, arranging finance to buy a script, getting some talent attached to the project so that further funding can be secured. They know what's needed to take a project from inception to completion, and make it happen. That includes * raising finance* getting a script* running finances* arranging locations* putting together the creative team, including finding a director* arranging distribution* arranging promotion* getting the cast together to actually shoot stuff A lot of this might actually get done by someone else, but at the behest of the producer. The director is usually thought of as "making the movie" but that's overstating their part somewhat. They're a creative resource. The producer enables them to do their thing, and is responsible for turning it into something that makes moneyProducers are essentially the person that keeps the entire operation running. They get the stars the things they need to perform well ). Keeps the director and staff happy as they can, etc.I know I'm supposed to explain it like you're five, but this is an interesting insight into the industry: _URL_0_ The short answer is that there's various type of producer credit , and they could be someone who was essential to getting the movie made , or they could be someone who is ~~screwing~~ hugging the director and wants a credit. Generally, when you see an actor's name on a billing, their credit could be meaningless, it could mean that they occasionally have input into a character or a scene, or that they were actually involved in putting the movies together .
How were people able to map the world before space travel?	the same way you can map out a large building. You wander round, and take measurements of your angle and distance, and with a sextant, part of your position too. From that, you can build up a map of the shape and layout of the building or the world. Most people also didn't need to map more than a small area themselves, and the map pieces could be combined to get a bigger picture.
Puerto Rico’s debit crisis and the role of the US congress?	The debt crisis itself is relatively simple. The Puerto Rican Government owes about $80,000,000,000 and is having trouble paying the interest on that debt, due to a weak economy and social distrust of the government. Why the US Congress is involved is a little more complicated but basically boils down to Puerto Rico being in the weird position of not being a US State but not being a sovereign country either. Because of that, Puerto Rico is part of the United States. So the US Congress has some say on what the Puerto Rico Government does. At one point there was talks of the US just bailing them out but that has been shut down because people have trouble understanding how little money that is on the scale the US Government operates. There is also talks of granting Puerto Rico the same rights as US Municipalities on the mainland to declare a Chapter 9 BankruptcyHave you watched Last Week Tonight? They do a great job explaining it.
Does wealth/income inequality skew median statistics?	The numerical income of a particularly high income individual does not move the Median, because the Median is the actual value which has the same number above and below. This makes Median less skewed by outliers in the way that Mean is. It doesn't matter how far above or below the median anyone is, only how many. For example, we have 5 people making different anual income: A: $10k B: $20k C: $30k D: $40k E: $50k The Median of this group is $30k Now, lets tweak the numbers and include some extreme outliers: A: $1k B: $20k C: $30k D: $40k E: $1,000k The median is still $30k
If we breathe in oxygen (O2) and breathe out carbon dioxide (CO2) then what does the oxygen do? Does it just collect carbon then leave?	The oxygen in the air you breathe enters your blood from your lungs. Sugars and other nutrients in the food you eat enter your blood from your small intestine . Your blood delivers food and oxygen to your cells that they need to create energy and live. This process of energy creation is called cellular respiration, and it creates CO2 and H2O. C6H12O6 + 6O2 - > 6CO2 + 6H2O The CO2 and H2O reenter the bloodstream and when you exhale, they come out mixed into the air you breathe out. Evidence of water vapor being in your breath shows when you see it outside on a cold winter day. This is part of why it's important to drink water. You lose moisture from your body with every breath. Interestingly, the urge to breathe is not so much about your body lacking oxygen, but more immediately, your body senses your blood becoming too acidic from the CO2 your cells exude into your blood.No, there's a series of complex biological processes in which chemical reactions use gaseous oxygen and ingested water along with many other chemicals like glucose from sugar intake. Essentially the byproducts of some of these reactions ends up being carbon dioxide. Keep in mind, these CO2 molecules come from reactions between molecules that are not O2. The O2 we inhale is carried by the blood throughout the body to our cells which use it for biological processes, then picks up the CO2 that was the byproduct of several other reactions. In 5 year old language, the oxygen we inhale does not simply collect carbon , it is used by our body which also produces CO2 but the "O2" in "CO2" is not the O2 we inhaleHumans breath out both O2 and CO2 the CO2 ends up being exhaled at about 10 times the amount we breath in, and the O2 roughly half of what was taken in. The CO2 increase is from reactions in your cells not a direct bonding with O2.
Why do completely random memories pop into my head?	If you could definitively answer this and prove your theory, you'd probably win a Nobel Prize. There is a lot of theory on how memory works, but no one knows for sure. The best explanation would be that somehow the right combination of neurons in your head fired in just the right way to trigger that memory. I think we've all had it happen - some memory from decades pops up for no obvious reason. I've heard it theorized that we never forget anything. Every experience, every smell, everything we've seen heard or even thought - it's all in there somewhere, but we just can't access the memories because we don't know how or where they're stored.the best i can describe it is imagine a memory is comprised of 20 different parts or electrical impulses and somewhere in your brain a specific 20 parts make up a specific memory and your going about your day your brain is constantly buzzing with random electrical impulses and all the sudden you smell the right thing or a trail of thoughts eventually leads to a point where 15 of those specific 20 points are all firing by random chance and your brain goes hey these seem familiar that combination of things is really close to this it must want me to recall this and all the sudden some completely random memory pops up. In my experience when i have random memories its usually like my brain is just an absurdly complex collection of random number generators and sometimes it happens to by chance fire a similar collection of numbers that have happened before.
Are U.S. internet speeds slowed by NSA activities?	Activity they want to monitor is copied off to the side. It doesn't slow anything down. They have their [own rooms] in telecom facilities where the data is copied and stored. They don't have an "ISP" per se.No, the NSA does not slow down the internet. That would be contrary to their goal of keeping their activities secret. The NSA's ISP is the NSA.
How do Taxi drivers split the fare with the company?	I believe they pay for the car similar to a rental, kinda like a overpriced car payment. Anything else they make is their money. Edit: Sorry, passed up the description a lot The fees are monthly to use the cars, and if you use your own, all you have to pay is the fees to use their numbers. I hope an actual taxi driver can give the prices.
Why is it so difficult to support Crossfire/SLI? AFR seems like such a simple concept	Various things but predominantly they're discrete cards as much as people like to think of them as linked. For instance, you put something in VRAM on GPU0 it may not be directly accessible to GPU1. Basically it's hard to keep things synchronized in an optimized fashion for all different applications simultaneously.Its all basically irrelevant now or will be in the near future as DX12 negates the need for special support
Why do people feel the need to use a "throwaway" account if reddit accounts are anonymous anyway?	Because little clues add up, and if you piss off one nut-job, they can cause a lot of real-world problems. Also, throwaways have less importance on points, so you can ditch it and go outdoors and do other stuff instead of staring at this dumb websiteBecause they're only anonymous if you put forward to make them anonymous. Most of my friends and family know what my reddit username is, so if I'm going to make a post saying "I totally want to sleep with my sister", I might want to pick a different account for that.It's because with some digging and overbearing curiousity, one could still figure out a lot of information about a user based on past comments that might hint at/outright mention where they live, where they work, how old they are, etc. Dependent on how open that person was in their comments, one might pinpoint the ownership of that account to a specific person. It may also be that friends and/or family know of your reddit account, and your confession is something you do not want them to know either. Alongside that, even if one were to ignore the above points, having some sort of weird confession on your main account may tarnish one's online image/reputation, if that's something they care about. Edit: another point
How come according to Einsteins theory of relativity we can't go faster then light?	You cannot reach not exceed the speed of light because it would take infinite energy to do so. Your energy grows without bound as your speed approaches c.
When we describe things like magnets and forces as having a "positive" or "negative" charge, what, physically, are we actually describing?	Electrons and protons have charge. It's a fundamental property of things. It doesn't reduce to anything else.Electricity & magnetism both have two sides & opposites attract. We decided to, fairly arbitrarily, label one as "negative" and the other as "positive", just like we label magnetic fields "north" and "south". Somewhat unintuitively, the labels we chose for electricity results in electrons flowing from the negative side to the positive.
Why are 'insofar' and 'inasmuch' written as so and not as separate words?	"Insofar" and "inasmuch" are early contractions of common phrases used in 16-17th century English. This phenomenon of compound words can be found in all Germanic languages but there are several other examples I can think of off the top of my head: "nevertheless/nonetheless" "thereof/therein/whereof/wherein" "cannot" And I would say that even more modern-ish compound words are part of the same pattern, like "backpack" or "keyboard" or "chainsaw". It's just the way the language evolved.
Why it takes 3-5 business days to transfer money to/from my PayPal account.	The financial system takes a while to do anything, since various security checks have to take place by all parties involved. It's not just Paypal being slow for fun, it's so they can ensure the money is really there, that the bank account is real, that it isn't limited, and all kinds of other things that are required by law to happen.
When shorting a stock, where does the money you gain come from?	You short stocks when you think they're going to be cheaper in the future than they are today. If you ignore fees & commissions, the basic process is: 1. Borrow 100 shares of stock2. Sell 100 shares today at $100 for $10,0003. Wait a week4. Buy 100 shares at $90 for $90005. Return the shares6. Pocket $1000 so the "extra money" comes from somebody who wants to buy the stock todayYou borrow shares from somebody else who owns the stock. You then sell them, promising to replace them at a later date. Then you buy shares back at that later date and give them back to the real owner. This is generally facilitated by a broker who takes a fee on each of the transactions, so have an incentive to match shorts up with longs to increase the number of transactionsVariations of this question get frequently asked. Please see past posts _URL_0_
How long would normal bodily reactions (like processing food) take without enzymes? Additionally, how much do enzymes speed up a reaction?	Sometimes by many millions of times. > An extreme example is\xa0orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. _URL_0_ Biological life would basically not be possible as we know it without enzymes.
Why am I paid less than my friend?	Because Australia varies the minimum wage for people under 21. The minimum amount McDonalds is legally allowed to pay your friend is more than what they have to pay you.
Why can the same numeric temperature feel different at different times?	I'm not an expert and someone feel free to correct me, but I think it's mostly due to humidity. How much moisture is in the air makes a huge impact.
Why do many Native American tribes own and operate Casinos in the United States?	Because when we rounded them up and threw them on reservations the land we placed them we handed over to them with a lot of leeway and sovereignty from our laws. Thus, gambling is not illegal and becomes an easy revenue source for them.Because we took their land. Then we provided some land for them to live on. These lands are not owned by any state so they dont have laws against casinos. So Native americans set up casinos to attract nearby people who's cities dont allow casinos. Thats how you get back at the white man.
Why is eating fiber (which goes through my digestive system) good for my heart?	Your body uses cholesterol to make bile, which is what allows you to break down fats in the small intestines. Fiber binds cholesterol in your food and the bile you secrete. That bile would otherwise be reabsorbed into your body. So the fiber gets the bile out through feces, and your body is forced to make more bile from the cholesterol you have in your body. Without getting into too much detail, high levels of some types of cholesterol can cause blood vessel damage, which is why its bad for your 'heart.'", 'It carries cholesterol with it, thus reducing the cholesterol absorbed into the blood. Cholesterol buildup is associated with several forms of heart disease and heart-attack.
Why is it that when you're in the dark, staring directly at a light makes it less visible than looking beside it?	Your eyes are made up of two different types of receptors: cones and rods. Rods are for low light vision, while cones observe the colors and work in 'normal' lighting conditions. Those cones and rods are not evenly distributed on your retina. The center of your eye doesn't have any rods, so when you're looking directly at something at night, you're using the cones which aren't as sensitive to the limited light.Your eyes do the opposite of dilate when you look at the light. They basically close up, allow less light in, and allows you to focus on the light, but that makes dark areas harder to see. In the dark, your eyes do the opposite - they dilate and open up to allow in as much of the little light that is available edit: reversed definition of dialate
Why are most things in space shaped like spheres?	Gravity pulls everything to a central spot. Also they aren't sphere, they are oblate spherical shapes meaning they bulge on the sides.
What Facebook's IPO means	I would like to add a bit of warning: learn how the stock market works and be wary of trade behaviour anomalies. IPOs like Facebook generally do pretty well at first because of the media hype and extreme influx of stock purchases that creates an initial price inflation. Stock market prices are supposed to be efficient, or, in other words, reflect the actual value of the company based on publicly available information. Noise trading, or rather, people who trade but don't do all their research or want a fast gain, creates an anomaly in this efficiency that deviates the price from the norm. In the long-run, regular efficient trading typically brings this price to normal. Hence why Facebook's IPO may seem tempting now, but it'll likely level down after the hype which could result in a loss in the longer-run. Stocks can be very complicated and I'd recommend investing in lower risk securities if you really want to invest. Go to your bank and ask to speak to an adviser about investment options so you can get a better understanding. Just be careful with your money and don't invest too much, as I surmise you need to save up for post-high school education. Addendum: Don't bother investing in tax-deductible retirement savings plans until you start making significant income after school. Also, if dividends interest you in regard to securities investments, do note that if you have only a few stock, the payments are pretty small.
If a boat crosses a water bridge, how is that weight distributed?	The boat weighs exactly the same as the water it displaces. So the fact that a boat is passing over doesn't change anything. As long as the water level in the canal stays the same, the pressure at the bottom of the canal stays the same, and the weight on the supports stays the same.No it does not act the same as a car driving over an overpass. As someone else mentioned the weight of the boat is equal to the weight of the displaced water. The bridge however has to support an immense amount of water, but the weight is distributed along the bottom and sides of the bridge because water conforms to the shape of its container.
Where can I find the truth about climate change?	I wouldn't give much credibility to Ivar Giaever when he says stuff like this: > I am not really terribly interested in global warming. Like most physicists I don’t think much about it. But in 2008 I was in a panel here about global warming and I had to learn something about it. And I spent a day or so — half a day maybe on Google, and I was horrified by what I learned. And I’m going to try to explain to you why that was the case. [Here] is a decent layout of the issue since you mentioned him, with info from other sources. edit: you can use [Google Scholar] to find reliable sources. Just search "climate change," "global warming," or any other relevant terms. Overall, the scientific community gives a resounding "yep, it's happening" regarding climate change. earlier this year, a well-known climate change denier was [outed as being funded by oil companies].Look at the numbers, and look at the money. It's easy for a minority of people to get a big voice on the internet. The science is sound, and every scientist that doesn't have hands in the pocket of an oil company says plainly, climate change is happening, it is caused by people, and it is caused by carbon emissions, and all you profit-focused idiots have fucked us all over because it's too late to reverse the trend now. [This site offers a point-by-point rebuttal of everything that has ever been said by climate deniers].
If Neptune stopped orbiting the Sun, would it start getting pulled directly into the Sun? If so, how long would it take for it to smash into it?	The part about Neptune "stopping" doesn't really make any sense, so I'm going to ignore it. The second part is very easy to answer if the Earth were anywhere near Neptune while it were falling Sunward, our orbit would be seriously destabilized and we 'd be flung out of the solar system, or fall Sunward as well. Then, assume by some magic both planets hit the Sun dead on, no decaying orbit, there would be a very very small "poof", and that would be it.
What exactly IS earwax, and what is its function?	> ELI5 is for requests for easy-to-follow explanations of complex concepts and subjects. That means no questions that are just looking for straightforward answers Your whole question can be answered if you look at the [Wikipedia page for earwax]. I mean, seriously, the first two sentences answer your two questions in order. > Earwax, also known by the medical term cerumen, is a yellowish waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and other mammals. It protects the skin of the human ear canal, assists in cleaning and lubrication, and also provides some protection from bacteria, fungi, insects and water. Learn to look things up yourselfIt lubricates your ear canal to move out unwanted foreign bodiesEar wax is a lipid that is made up of oils and sweat secreted by teeny tiny glands inside the ear canal. Lipids are hydrophobic and are thusly water resistant. because this sticky gross stuff builds up into considerably thick layers, it can stop all sorts of stuff including bacteria, water, bugs, and if you wait long enough to clean it out-unwanted conversationsI can say from personal experience that it is antibacterial. I used earwax remover one time and I woke up the next day with a massive infection.
Why is it generally suggested not to mix different types of alcohol?	You are right that the chemical is the same. You're mostly focusing on ethanol here . The strength of an alcoholic beverage has to do with the concentration of ethanol in the beverage. So, why does it matter if we mix alcoholic beverages then? Well, my understanding is that the mixing process doesn't actually get you more drunk in and of itself. As you said, mixing drinks doesn't change the chemical makeup of the drinks . Rather, it likely has more to do with keeping track of how much you drank. If you mix two different drinks with vastly different concentrations of ethanol, you may not be as aware of how alcoholic the mixture is. The more you drink, and the more you get mentally impaired, the more risky mixing is since it's harder to judge the alcohol content.
Why do bruises hurt when they get poked?	Well, bruises are blood seeping out of blood vessels which have been damaged, so there's damage there. But mostly, the blood puts pressure on surrounding tissues, and this pressure is detected by the nerves which interpret it as pain. Add just a little bit more pressure by poking it, and you feel it.To keep you from poking them so the boo boo gets better faster.
What is happening when I feel a "cute overload" when I see puppies, baby animals, etc.?	Well, this is known as "cute aggression" and I 've posted on this before in ELI5, so I'm just going to quote what I said the last time as an elaboration for you: > Basically to simplify, this phenomenon does appear to exist in significant proportions of the population . Cuteness so overwhelms our emotions, that to these individuals\' brain it is a sign of dysregulation and it will work/sabotage you into thinking the reverse to bring back a sort of emotional/nervous stability . As such, the brain will send out feelings of aggression in order to counteract this feeling of overwhelming care you feel, and that makes you want to eat babies and puppies. In your case, you might not immediately feel like eating them just yet, but your brain already knows itself to be uncomfortable enough to give you this "overload" feeling like you can't stand it anymore, which makes you only one step away from being a baby and puppy killer. Congratulations!
What is the purpose of this structure in a dam?	Looks like an overflow emergency drain. In the event the level behind the dam gets too high, this structure, which is connected by pipe to a sluice way, allows water to drain without letting the dam be topped, which can be damaging to the dam structure. The smaller one I'm guessing is an air vent for that system.Morning glory spillway. NOt necessarily for emergencies. Just gets water from one side to the other at a set elevation.
could stomping on the gas in an older vehicle induce a transmission failure?	Semi-competent mechanic here. The transmission was already on its last legs. Full throttle acceleration places a lot more load on the transmission compared to gentle acceleration because the engine is generating its full power. Your friend's acceleration simply accelerated the unfortunate transmission's demise. A transmission in good condition is designed to handle the engine's full power without falling apart. Basically, if it didn't die from his idiotic showing off in front of the ladies it would have died soon after anyway.
Why did RIM/Blackberry make BBM for Android and iOS?	There's 4 major ways that an app can make money. So far BBM hasn't implemented any of them that I know of, but maybe they plan to do so in the future. 1) Pay up front - they haven't done that and probably won't since not as many people will download their app if they do. 2) Subscription - again they haven't done this yet, and I doubt they will in the future for the reasons stated above, unless everyone gets attached to their BBM. WhatsApp gives you a free year trial and then asks you to pay for additional years. Maybe BBM will implement something similar. 3) Advertising - I can see them begin advertising. A lot of apps have advertising, as long as it's not too flashy and spammy it should be OK without upsetting the users too much. Maybe doing this will allow them to create a premium BBM app that doesn't have ads. I think they would have to issue an update to get the ads to start working so if you hear about ads, consider not updating. 4) Pay for content - The version of BBM that was released for Iphone and Android is actually missing some features like BBM Voice and Games. On BlackBerries you can actually call your friends on BBM using wifi. You can also play games with your friends. Maybe they will try to get you to buy these extra ad-ons however I'm not sure how much that will catch on when there's already apps like Viber and MagicJack that let you call using wifi/data, and games aren't essential items that users pay for. I haven't really answered your question about how they make money right now, I don't really know how they do to be honest. I think they're focusing on creating as large of a user base as possible so that they are more likely to be successful if they do go through with any of the options above.
Why are nightmares called nightmares?	According to [Wikipedia] the word "nightmare" derives from the Old English "mare", a mythological demon or goblin who torments others with frightening dreams.[3] Subsequently, the prefix "night-" was added to stress the dream-aspect. The word "nightmare" is cognate with the older German term Nachtmahr.
Why am I less tired when I wake up after 3 hours of sleep then when I wake up after 8 hours?	Waking up during rapid-eye movement sleep will make you feel worse and act worse than waking up during heavy or light sleep, which is why you can nap for an hour or three and feel great afterwards. It rejuvenates you. The brain stages sleep into multiple forms, simply put, light goes into heavy sleep, and heavy sleep goes into REM sleep, which takes a long while, so, after half a dozen hours, you'll start to feel groggy waking up unless you get a full sleep.
What and why does getting a brain freeze hurt so much?	This [article] says it best in my opinion. Here's the main explanation: "Dr. Serrador and team recruited 13 healthy adult volunteers. They were asked to sip ice-cold water through a straw, so that the liquid would hit their upper palate. Blood flow in their brain was monitored using a transcranial Doppler test. They found that the sensation of brain freeze appears to be caused by a dramatic and sudden increase in blood flow through the brain's anterior cerebral artery. As soon as the artery constricted, the brain-freeze pain sensation wore off. The scientists were able to trigger the artery's constriction by giving the volunteers warm water to drink."A brain freeze occurs when something relatively cold touches the roof of your mouth, also known as the palate. They are caused by the capillaries being rapidly cooled in the nose area, and slowly being warmed. This rapid freezing reacts with nerves nearby, which send a signal to your brain to say "Ow, that's not fun". The reason you sometimes feel it in front of your face, in your forehead is because the nerves that react to the brain freeze also detect pain in the upper parts of your face. Hope that helped!
Why is it acceptable to eat steaks rare or medium but minced meat must be thoroughly cooked throughout?	Meat is generally minced when it is approaching its use-by date. Steaks on the other hand usually have strict bacterial quality control, and so can be eaten less-cooked. Basically, it comes down to contaminants, and how many can be expected in each style of meat. Minced meats can be assumed to contain salmonella and other contaminants that need to be cooked out. Cuts of steak, if provided through a certified butcher and slaughterhouse, can be assumed to be most likely clean of such contaminants. Plus, minced meat has the entire surface exposed to the atmosphere; steak only has the outsides exposed, and these are seared in the pan to kill anything residing on them.
Why do drinks of all types "sweat" water?	The "sweat" is actually condensation of the water vapor in the surrounding air. It happens because of the temperature difference between the drink container and the air around it. Warm air can contain more moisture than cool air. The warm air cools down at the container surface, and the now-cooler air can't contain as much moisture as it used to, so the excess shows up on the container surface. It's pretty much the same process that creates dew on grass.The sweat doesn't come from within the drink but from the atmosphere. When the water molecules in the air bounce into the cold glass, they transfer state from gas to liquid and that water collects on the glass. It only happens with cold glasses.
Why do melted chocolate chips (in cookies, pancakes, etc) stay melty after they've cooled down?	there's a real science to tempering chocolate. you have to heat it hot enough that the fat and sugar melt, cool it enough that the sugar sets, but the fat doesnt, which results in fat covered sugar crystals, then heat it enough that the sugar becomes semi-fluid, without separating from the oil, .. then you have to let it cool at a controlled rate, so that it all sets at the same speed. when you bake it, you totally destroy the temper, meaning that the fat and sugar separate.. so when it then cools, you get big blobs of cocoa saturated fat, with lumps of sugar in them. Depends what you mean by "melty". If you mean "Not quite as hard as it was before I baked it, even days later" then /u/golden_one_42 has your answer. But if you mean "Still almost entirely melted fifteen minutes after I take it out of the oven even though the rest of the cookie is basically cool," then you're probably just dealing with the fact that chocolate, being denser than the rest of the cookie, is going to take longer to cool down than the rest of the cookie. Let it cool down long enough--a few hours, say--and it will eventually return to a semi-solid state. This won't be as hard as it was before baking , but it will be harder than it is when it comes out of the oven/u/golden_one_42 did a good job, but I think I can make it simpler: Chocolate only stays hard at room temperature if it is properly tempered, a process that involves heating and cooling chocolate to very specific temperatures. If the chocolate is melted without being properly re-tempered, then it stays in a melty state at room temperature instead of fully solidifying.
Why are some smells harder to wash out of your skin than others? e.g.; perfume vs. bleach	Some asorb in. Perfume is menthol based so evaporates. Where as bleach is acid based and will burn in to your pores
Why does it take so long for human infants to walk when other species can do it in only a few days?	Yo ho ho! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why can animals walk the day theyre born, yet it takes humans about a year? ] ^1. [ELI5: Why does it take babies such a long time to learn basic motor skills compared to animals that are able to do it close within a month or even as soon as they're born? ] ^1. [ELI5: why do babies take so long to walk and talk but almost all other mammals are born knowing/quickly learn to walk and where to get food? ] ^1. [[ELI5] Why Does a Human Baby Need a Full Year Before Starting to Walk? ] ^1. [ELI5: Why do human babies take so long to function? ] ^1. [[ELI5] How can newborn animals instinctively know how to walk moments after birth, but humans take months to be able to even stand? ] ^1. [ELI5: Why does it take so long for humans to become functional after birth , whereas many animals are able to walk/run hours, if not minutes, after being born? ] ^1. [ELI5: Why are human kids so useless for so long compared to almost every other animal? ] ^1. [ELI5 why do new born animals walk almost instantly after being born. yet it takes most humans over a year to learn? ] ^
How is exercise so beneficial when you're in pain after and you are exerting your body beyond it's self	Your body adjusts to the fact it's getting over-exerted by increasing its capacity. Your body wants to be pretty much as weak and fat as it can get away with because large muscles require much more energy to maintain and fat reserves guard you against famine. If you exercise and it hurts you're doing some minor damage to the muscles. Your body will repair them - which takes a lot of energy to do and often can cut into those fat reserves - and it'll repair them a bit better in hopes that the next time you exert that hard the damage won't be as bad or won't happen at all. When you can easily do the exercise the body has adapted to the point it doesn't get damaged at all, it's fully capable. If you stop exercising, though, the muscles will atrophy. As I said, the body wants to minimize its energy needs, so ignored muscles start weakening.
How do websites and email bots change their IP addresses?	Changing your IP address can be quite easy if you have a dynamic one, however it's more likely that they use proxies and/or have bots running on multiple machines. A proxy is basically a machine between the sender and the recipient.
Would holding onto 1 million Bitcoins have a negative impact on the rest of the BC market? Value?	If anything, it would have the opposite effect if values are set by supply and demand, and you're artificially reducing the demand then equal demand would cause prices to rise. Kind of like when the [Hunts tried to corner the silver market] in the 70's and 80's
Why are modern superhero comics more darker than the classic ones?	The medium changes to fit the audience. A lot of the main audience were kids/young teens when they first started and now they've grown up and demand more mature content, which usually equals darker and grittier. It also seems to be what the average person wants these days, it's why the Batman movies got a super gritty reboot in The Dark Knight and why super dark action movies are all the rage.
If google encrypts my e mail in transit and at rest how do thry read it to target ads?	It's like someone is giving you a box with a code lock and you can put something inside and he will deliver it wherever you want. But still.. He knows the code.
Why doesn't poor eyesight regenerate like a wound does?	Poor eyesight generally is not because of an injury, but because the eye developed slightly wrong. It won't heal because as far as the body is concerned nothing is wrong.
How come my touchscreen responds to only my fingers?	It's not only your fingers, other things work as well. It's because the screen isn't pressure sensitive, it's a capacitive touch screen, your body completes a circuit, which registers as touch, things like water and metal and also register as a touch.
How News Corp. isn't in breach of US antitrust law	Antitrust laws are for companies that are monopolies, just like speed limit laws are for people who drive cars. People don't get in trouble for speed limit laws just because they drive cars, do they? They only get in trouble when they drive too fast. So, in the same way, companies don't get in trouble for antitrust just because they're monopolies. They only get in trouble when they make things very unfair for other businesses.
why do we refer to the amplitude of sound as it's 'volume'?	While there doesn't seem to be a formal link, it's thought that the term is related to the concept of the volume of air that is displaced by the moving diaphragm of a speaker cone. In a professional audio setting the term most commonly used would be gain when talking about the signal level inside the audio chain and sound pressure level or SPL when talking about the level of the sound we actually hear. Even gain in that context isn't exactly right since gain should be a ratio of input/output level.“Volume” is a word used to describe the amount of space something occupies, and a sound with greater volume fills larger spaces at an audible level.
Why does underarm skin color becomes darker for other people but not for some?	There are multiple reasons, but the most common ones I know of are the buildup of dead skin cells and shaving. Your underarms are a sweaty body part, and when that sweat comes up, there are bacteria that mix with the sweat and cause a bad smell. All of that can cause a constant buildup of dead skin cells and they make your underarms look darker and darker. The best fix for that is to use an exfoliate 2-3 times per week to scrub off all those built up layers of dead skin. It takes a while to see the skin get lighter, because the dead cells have been piling on for so long. Hair grows under the skin and then pushes through the skin to show on the surface. So when people shave their underarms, that is just getting the top part of the hair, not the part underneath. If the person shaving has darker hair, then those hairs under the skin might still show on top, but instead it looks like a dark shadow on the underarms. It's basically the same as a man's 5 o'clock shadow. The best alternative to shaving to get rid of the shadows and the hair is waxing. Waxing over time on a regular basis will also exfoliate the skin and get rid of those dead cells. Source: I used to work at a waxing facility.

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