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How do Helium Neon lasers work?	You have two mirrors: One is very very reflective and the other is like a two way mirror . So we going to bounce some light between the two mirrors so that the light can reach a high enough intensity to escape through the output coupler. Now the problem with using random light is all the different wavelengths trip over each other and we lose energy and our laser refuses to do any lasing. So what we can do is create predictable wavelength light, by using electricity to excite of a mixture of helium and neon. Then if we know the wavelength of the light, we can space the mirrors exactly, so that amplitude of the wave increases as the light constantly bashes into the mirrors. So as the wave gains amplitude, the light gains intensity and eventually the light will begin to escape the output coupler, traveling in a very straight intense beam.
Am I the only one who occasionally gets that weird jiggle after I finish peeing? Seriously, what's that all about?	your not. the urine is a warm liquid that is leaving the body, thus leaving you colder. the body compensates by heating up. by quivering, shivering, and other jiggles', "Jiggle? You mean like a cold chill or something like that? If so you're not alone.
Why does every site I go on need to mention that they use cookies now?	The parliament of the EU thought cookies were big scary things and made it law that websites have to say they use them. There's big fines if you don't.The simplest answer is that cookies store information about you, then transmit that information to someone else. There are different kinds of cookies, but they all work based off this principle. The biggest concern is with so called tracking cookies, issued typically by third party sites, which collect data about what sort of sites you visit, when, for how long, and from where. They then collect this information from your computer , and sell it or use it for their own monetary benefit. This has been deemed a potential breach of privacy, so websites, depending on what country they are hosted in, may now be required to tell you they use cookies. The trouble is that often, third part / advertising sites don't actually tell you they use cookies. This is compounded by the fact that you might, if you had the option, choose to allow cookies that let your shopping cart or stored preferences function, but NOT allow cookies that tell an advertiser what sorts of things I like.
Why does your heart feel like it's skipping a beat or fluttering when you have a "crush"?	when you see someone you fancy you brain releases all sorts of chemicals but we will focus on the one you are asking about: epinephrine aka adrenaline. this chemical causes the heart to increase it's rate this is because your body is gonna need more blood flow. this is also what gets released during the fight or flight response which also causes your heart rate to increase. so the reason it feels like your heart is skipping a beat or fluttering is because it IS you don't normally notice the beating of your heart because it's always there so your brain ignores it, but when it changes then you notice it.
If camels and rabbits are an eco-problem in australia, why they don't they eat it to extinction?	Have you ever heard the term "Fucking like rabbits"? They breed like crazy. They're also small, fast and like to hide. It's much easier said than done.
Why do our fingers have hangnails, but not our toes?	The source I found lists the following as causes of hangnails: nail biting, trauma, dryness, cutting the cuticle. The article itself states that we use our hands for various tasks as well as exposure to elements which can cause the dryness and trauma listed above. The cutting and nail biting I suppose falls under a more personal category and may or may not apply to some people. As for feet, I would assume given this information that our feet, generally in shoes or protected in some way, are not exposed to nearly the amount of trauma our hands are daily, unless you engage in a good deal of running/walking or other sports - or wear the wrong shoes - that could cause significant trauma to the feet. Additionally, toe nails are much thicker than finger nails and thus way harder to break. There was actually an ELI5 about toe nails vs finger nails in terms of strength and growth. Source: Hangnail symptoms - _URL_1_ Source: ELI5 - Why do my toenails grow in so much stronger and faster than my fingernails? - _URL_0_
The difference between Thai curries (Red, Yellow, Green, Penang, Massaman, and Jungle)	Jungle curry doesn't feature coconut milk, the others do. Masaman curry isn't made with pork and has peanuts, and is often milder than the others. Green curry gets its color from cilantro. Thai curries typically include fish sauce as part of the "base". Source: I make these recipes regularly
How come ads on YouTube are essentially unfettered and great quality but a 240P video buffers?	The same ad may be played before thousands of different youtube videos, and so millions of people might be watching it at any one time. They can move those ads close to you and put them on a fat pipe right outside your door. You might be the only person watching the actual video, and so it is cold and far away, and so it takes a longer time to bufferLet me ask you this: If you ran a business that had paid content and free content, which would you put on the fastest servers?They are stored on a different server which is located locally somewhere "close" to you.
When fired directly into the air, wouldnt a bullet fall at 9.8m/s^2?	MythBusters did a segment on this some years ago. Here's a summary: > In the case of a bullet fired at a precisely vertical angle , the bullet would tumble, lose its spin, and fall at a much slower speed due to terminal velocity and is therefore rendered less than lethal on impact. However, if a bullet is fired upward at a non-vertical angle , it will maintain its spin and will reach a high enough speed to be lethal on impact. Because of this potentiality, firing a gun into the air is illegal in most states, and even in the states that it is legal, it is not recommended by the police. Also the MythBusters were able to identify two people who had been injured by falling bullets, one of them fatally injured. To date, this is the only myth to receive all three ratings at the same time.Once the bullet reaches its maximum height it will begin falling as if you had simply dropped it from that height . Once it falls, it will start accelerating at a rate slower than 9.8m/s^ since there is some air resistance. It will keep accelerating until it reaches [terminal velocity], which is the velocity at which the air resistance is equal to the gravitation force, so at that point it will keep falling at the same velocity.Well, yes--there's not much more to say about it than that. You seem to understand the concept quite correctly. For the same reason bullets are effective when propelled by a gun, though, their terminal velocity is fairly high; they can be dangerous even if just falling from significant height.
Empty buildings must cost the owner a lot.	For Americans, it may be a stratagy to reduce taxes that the owener is paying from income generated by other properties. A taxpayer pays taxes based on how the income was earned such as income, capital gains, prizes and winnings, gifts, etc. One of the subcategories of income is passive income/losses where the taxpayer does not participate in running the business directly enough to satisfy the tax codes requirements. If this is the case passive income may only be offset by passive losses. When the owner takes a loss on one property he reduces the amount of taxable income generated by other properties that produce gains. tl:dr - it can be a way to reduce taxes paid on income from other properties that make money', "Commercial or industrial leases often have long terms. 5 years is pretty common around here and longer terms are possible. This means it might make sense to leave a property vacant for a few months rather than accept a lower rent. If the property is vacant the landlord may not have the funds to pay for repairs or to remove previous fit out in order to rent the property again. Additionally, sometimes when markets are tough landlords will offer sign up bonuses such as a free fit out. If you don't have the funds to pay upfront for a fit out you may struggle to compete with other landlords.
How do viruses know to attack their hosts when they aren't even alive?	I'll chip in with some specifics. Think of a virus as a bleb of cell membrane with a bunch of surface proteins and a genome inside. Some of these surface proteins are binding and fusion proteins that are what latch on to host cells. HIV, for example, has surface proteins that specifically bind to the CCR5 receptor on human T cells. This is why HIV hits your T cells, hepatitis goes to your liver, rabies goes to nerves, etc. Viruses often get to these targets through the lymphatic system, which is basically your own immune cells carrying them to your lymph nodes to initiate an immune response. Usually this is a good thing, but some viruses like HIV can survive this and cause systemic infection. Also you're correct to question whether it's dna or rna because it can be either depending on the virus. HIV has an RNA genome, Herpes has a DNA genome, it just depends
How does the whole Basketball and American Football seasons work? In terms of how many teams in league, the whole playoff thing, all of it!	NFL This will be an order of hierarchy thing. 1. One League2. Two Conferences 3. Four Divisions4. Four teams per division. A total of 32 teams. 16 in each conference = 4 teams x 4 divisions. In comparison to other tournaments. SuperBowl = Final Conference Championship = Semifinal Divisional Playoffs = Quarter Final Wild Card Playoffs = Round of 16 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The basic idea is to get the best Win-Loss record possible. Each team plays 16 games over the regular season. Now for one Conference only. The same thing happens in the other conference The best team in each division makes the playoffs , so do the two remaining teams with the best record. Based on their record they are seeded 1 through 6.Seeds 1 & 2 get rewarded by "skipping one round". Wild Card Playoffs seed 3 vs seed 6 seed 4 vs seed 5 Divisional Championship The original seeds 1 and 2 that got to "skip" the previous round and the winners from the Wild Card games. Again matchups decided by each teams record 1 vs 4 2 vs 3 Conference Championship The winners of each game face each other. The winner is crowned Conference champion and gets to play the Superbowl Super Bowl National Conference Champion vs American Conference Champion. The winner from this game is the real Champion. edit: formatting
Why do skin tags bleed so much when you remove them?	Skin tags are benign tumours and so have their own blood supply. So, in a sense your body "knows" to deliver more blood to them. It does this by creating a greater network of vessels, some of which are larger than typical capillaries you would find in the outer layers of skin. So when removed, they typically bleed more because more clotting is requiredTie some thick thread or fishing line at the base of the skin tag in a knot. It will dry up and fall off after a while with no bleeding and very little scarring.
the random link address when you open a picture in new tab in facebook such as _URL_0_	Content like static images are frequently stored on what's called a CDN, or Content Delivery Network. CDNs generally have lots of servers all around the world that share the same content, so when your browser tries to load the images it'll do so from the nearest CDN location. For example if you're in Australia, loading all the profile photos and images from the U.S. might be relatively slow compared to loading them from a server in Australia, but those same pictures might also want to be seen by someone in Europe or the US so all the content will get replicated to data centres over there as well Facebook used to use a service called Akamai to provide their CDN, but over the last couple of years they've moved to having their own. Since it's not a URL you're likely to want to have to type out, or even look at there's not much point in putting a pretty URL on it like the main facebook site.That's the URL of the image. The URL is what lets Facebook find that specific image on its servers and retrieve it to show to the user. FBCDN probably stands for something like "Facebook Content Delivery Network", and the stuff before that is the name of the server where that particular image is storedThe images on facebook are stored on various servers around the world, these servers have different hostnames then the main page/pages.
How can cereal companies afford to print such colorful boxes when ink is so expensive?	They charge you for it in the price of their cereal. Somewhere along the way an analyst figured out that having the colorful box increased sales enough to justify the cost, or that the colorful box made people willing to pay more for the product than the extra cost of the ink/packaging.
Why vegetables and fruits seem to go bad faster than they used to years ago?	Just a guess, but going for it because of a similar discovery when I started a garden. So first time garden. First harvest of some leaves of lettuce. Cleaned them, dried them well, and then totally lost them in the fridge for about a month. When I found them, they were still good and crunchy. So I figure a few things about store bought produce. First, they sit for a while. Much fruit you get from the store is actually picked before ripe. This way they transport better. And then they are ripened by delivering a gas to them. The gas is how nature ripens fruit as well, but retail produce is exposed to this gas purposefully to ripen the unripened picked fruit. I wonder if your grandmother is referring to picking unripened fruit, and then allowing it to slowly ripen by its own ripening gas rather than the stores who use another source of gas to ripen things. Another discovery I had to pull up some tomato plants because of an early frost that would have killed them. I just cut the stalk and hung them upside down in my kitchen cupboard. It took a long while, but the green hard tomatoes that were there ripened up. They weren't as tasty as the earlier harvest that season but they were edible about three weeks later. Big retail produce is fascinating
How people get amazing pictures of the night sky, but when I try I only get blackness.	#1 A camera that can take a long exposure #2 A tripod, as shaking hands are VERY noticeable on long exposures #3 Patience and knowledge - you need to do some research and know things, like how to polar-align if you're using EQ tracking to prevent star trails, this can be very difficult on cheap mounts. Unfortunately to do any kind of astrophotography requires a steep investment, if you want good quality that is. _URL_0_ - Here is a picture I took of the moon with a £500 telescope, and a cameraphone _URL_1_ - And here is one with a £100 telescope and a £500 camera As you can see, when shooting planets or the moon, spend your money on the telescope/mount - webcams are actually really good for this. For shooting starfields & deep sky objects, spend your money on a decent camera, and a very good mount with tracking capabilities.Most pics like that are taken way out in the boonies, away from city lights, and the camera has long-exposure capability. Like a minute. That will get you a breathtaking shot of the stars in all their glory. If you shoot in the city, your long-exposure shot will be a cloudy mess from all the city lights reflecting off the clouds.
why do large banks get to "make a deal" with the federal government instead of just being fined, sanctioned or prosecuted.	The number one reason is the US justice system is always a bargaining table. Prosecutors take cases to trial only when a bargain can't be reached . It's exceedingly hard to prove legal wrongdoing under the charges frequently brought against banks, so a trial is a huge risk that the punishment would be nothing. Also a guilty verdict would be expensive for banks so they are frequently willing to settle for a larger fine than the courts would deem appropriate to avoid an admission of wrongdoing.
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. Is the process of evaporation different then? How does the water stay in a gas form in clouds?	There are two separate mistakes you 've made. The first is the temperature at which evaporation occurs. Water boils at 100 degrees C, yes. This is the temperature where every molecule in your water sample becomes gas. But evaporation takes place at much lower temperatures. At any temperature above 0 degrees C, a portion of the molecules become gas. This is not "boiling", it is "evaporation". It's the process which causes a wet towel to become dry over time, or wet laundry to dry when it's hung on the washing line. The second mistake is that clouds are not made of water in its gaseous form. Gaseous water is invisible. Clouds are made of tiny droplets of liquid water. They begin life as a gas, mixed in with the air. Then the air rises, and becomes less dense, and this causes it to become cooler. Cooler air is not able to hold as much gaseous water, so some of the water turns into liquid, and becomes visible, and this is what we call "clouds". The droplets in the clouds stay up there because they are so small and light that the air is able to support them. Sometimes they get too big and heavy for the air to support them, and fall to the ground. This is what we call "rain".
Why do you need a prescription for an asthma inhaler?	There's a few things that go into deciding which drugs are offered for sale OTC. First up is abuse potential - if people can get high on it, it'll generally get regulated. After that is safety - is it easy to overdose? Does it have ugly side effects? Does it have any scary drug interactions? The final detail, which is probably the deciding factor here, is whether or not it treats a condition that is common, easy to diagnose & doesn't need medical oversight. Most OTC meds treat short-lived minor illnesses - headaches, colds, fungal infections, heartburn, etc. - stuff you don't need much knowledge to diagnose & will go away in a week or two. Asthma, however, is a chronic condition that's potentially life-threatening & patients should periodically get evaluated by a doctor, have their dosages checked and whatnot.
How do people come up with, and make, camouflage patterns?	Similar to how they make tye dye shirts. bunching up parts of it and stuff. or just randomly sewing on pieces of scrap cloth. The trick isn't randomness persay but rather a general consistency of color ratio. The onlooker fools themselves for the most part.
Why do microwave ovens expel air?	it's cooling the "microwave emitting plate thingys" they eat a lot of power and subsequently generate a lot of heat like a computer motherboard.
why does Coke at McDonalds taste so much better than Coke at other restaurants, and better than the bottle/can.	What WtheCore said, plus drinks at restaurants are produced by mixing a syrup with carbonated water. Differences in the water used, errors in how much syrup is being used/maintenance and cleaning on the machine can all impact the end resultDifferent container, different eating environment, ice vs. none, [the placebo effect]', "it generally doesn't, imho. I'd say it's personal taste. The thing is McDonalds make their softdrinks by adding concentraded sirup to the water . So it might be down to the water they use, or how much of the concentrate they add per liter of water.
Megathread on United Kingdom, Pound, European Union, brexit and the vote results	[Very helpful link explaining what's happening] Sorry mods if this is against the rules, please remove it if it is
why do all cameras/phones save photos to a folder named "DCIM"?	It's a convention. Short of Digital Camera Images. The convention allows for a device to place files in a place that makes sense on media - e.g. you media may have lots of folders, but its going to use this one to place new images. It's not much more than a convention like "documents" or "desktop" There's a [specification] that says how they do it. There is nothing forcing camera makers to conform to that, but generally speaking, when there's no good reason for things to be different, engineers prefer them to be the same -- imagine you were CEO of a new camera company and your engineers asked you "should we do it the same way everyone does, or be weird for no good reason?"Something not yet mentioned, when digital cameras were new, those flash memory cards were formatted with FAT16. FAT16 allows a maximum of 512 files in the root directory, or drastically less if long filenames are used. Putting files in a directory on top of the root directory alleviates this problem, as more files are allowed in subdirectories than the root directory.Just to add to this, a lot of enterprise encryption programs require you to designate what paths get encrypted. If you want to prevent your CEO from having his photos encrypted, then you would just exclude DCIM/* But then knowing this, couldn't you just create a folder named DCIM to hide stuff from being encrypted? Yes, you could, but that's why you also make rules to encrypt extensions like .doc, .docx, etc. regardless of file path.
Why does russia get so heavily sanctioned when they supported the rebels but nothing has happened to turkey when they are supporting a group of mass murderers and barbarians that are a much bigger threat?	Turkey is a Nato country with strategic position between Europe and Middle East. Because it is an ally, it is dealt with silk gloves. Kind of like authoritan Saudi Arabia is an important ally for the US in the Middle East, and US doesn't really raise up the humanitarian crimes of Saudi Arabia.How is Turkey directly supporting ISIS? Yes, they obviously would rather have ISIS than Assad or the Kurds in control of Northeastern Syria, but that hardly counts as "support." Turkey has spent boatloads of money clamping down on the Turkish-Syrian border and bombs ISIS targets Here's a break-down of what happened:Ukraine wants to sign EU pre-ascension bill.Russia exerts power onto Ukraine not to do this.Ukrainian govt gives in and does not sign.Violent protests against Ukrainian govt.Govt flees to Russia and new govt signs pre-ascension bill.Russia destabilizes and then annexes Crimea. Russia directly interfered with Western interests. The US is dependent on Turkish airfields to bomb ISIS. Turkey is officially also bombing ISIS but that would strengthen the situation of the PKK.Turkey is given permission to bomb PKK "along the way".Turkey ends up mostly bombing PKK. Turkey is only indirectly interfering with Western interest. They don't like ISIS but they don't like PKK even more.
What causes the sensation that your hearing is muffled and your vision is blurred when you're dizzy or about to pass out?	Sounds like low blood pressure. If that happens often it may be worth talking to a doctor about. If your blood pressure is low and you suddenly stand up it may take your heart a moment to get all that blood uphill to your brain. During that period your brain basically goes into self preservation mode. It draws blood away from non-vital areas on the outside of the body to preserve vital internal organs.
While in China, spammers were able to send spammy text messages to my phone somehow, simply by me being there. How did they do this?	When a cellphone connections to any cell network various things need to happen so that the cellphone works. The spammers have hooked into that process, legally or illegally. That's how they know you're there and how they can send an SMS to your phone even though you've never called anyone in that country.
Why there isn't improved safety around subway trains	How many accidents are occurring today that would be prevented by your proposed 'improved safety'? How much would those improvements cost? Who would pay for the improvements?
How can speakers make dozens of different frequencies (sounds) at the same time?	All the waves from each sound combine into one wave. Obviously air cannot be two different pressures at a given point and time, right? So a single speaker can in theory reproduce any possible sound or combination of sounds.
Why doesn't the smell of excrement or urine get on your clothes, but the smell of curry does	Question: does the smell of curry permeate the clothing, or does it permeate the body and scent the sweat? I had always assumed the latter. I don't find the smell offensive either way, but I had always planned, in case of a plane crash in the Andes where I am stranded for weeks with no food except corpses of fellow travelers, to use South Asians as seasoning for the meatier but less flavorful ethnicites.Cooking the spices releases oily vapors into the air that get absorbed by clothing, carpet etc. It can also be absorbed into your clothing when you sweatThe scent of curry on your clothes is primarily from it coming out in your sweat.Um why do you think the smell of urine or excrement doesn't get on your clothes? As a parent I'd say it definitely does. I am confused.
Why does a ball bounce higher when it has more air in it?	When a ball bounces, it deforms. With a ball that deforms more, more energy goes into the deformation, and more goes into "wasted energy" . With a ball that has higher pressure it deforms less, less wasted energy, and due to the conservation of energy, it will return more energy and bounce higher. TD;DR: a higher pressure ball wastes less energy and energy is conserved so it goes into movement.
Why do I often read that scientists only search for planets that are inhabitable by our own human standards?	NASA is joyously cataloging every last extra-solar planet that we can find out of a love of the pure knowledge of what's out there. The media only cares about planets that might be habitable by humans because ordinary people don't care about desolate rocks in space. But take heart - anything that shares even 1 characteristic with earth will be reported as 'Earth-like' in every headline. The media distorts and lies to make the truth seem more urgent and saleable.
How does the math work behind any search engine algorithm?	What set Google apart from the others in the beginning of search engines was the [PageRank] algorithm. From there, everyone else probably adopted something similar. Google is constantly looking for feedback on how to make their searches better. I think you need to start at the question, "how can I get the most people to the information they want/need in the fewest amount of clicks/keystrokes." From there, there's document retrieval algorithms, keyword searches, etc.. But take into account that on a given day, when someone searches "Justin Bieber," the website that people will be looking for won't be the same as the one from yesterday, their search history will reflect which Justin Bieber fan page they actually want to get to, they live in the USA and not Canada so they probably want the US fan page instead of the Canadian one, etc.. Use your imagination. It gets really complicated and tedious. In conclusion, as I heard it from someone who works there, it's a bunch of "clever hacks." If you're a programmer, it's probably a shitton of if/else statements and linear combinations of algorithm output and statistics that arrive at their "best solution" for a given query, and that also take into account the massive ) data warehouses they employ. They have achieved this after years of refinement. It's the "secret sauce." You're not allowed to know :).
What is the point of scientists creating new elements if they are all extremely unstable and can only exist as a few atoms for a few fractions of a second?	Solving a really hard problem usually requires one to solve many less hard problems, some of them for the first time. In solving those problems and documenting them you make it easier for future work which may come across those same problems. That's one of the cornerstones of science. In addition there's a hypothetical "island of stability." An element with so many protons and neutrons that its mass holds it together, resisting instability. This element would be totally new and near impossible to find in the known universe and could have completely unpredictable properties, which makes it of interest to scientists. Synthesizing these elements is a stepping stone to that island.Science. Some of them can exist for hours. Unstable elements can be pretty useful Thorium is unstable and could be the key to energy production. They decay into other elements but release energy in the process. You can't study it until it exists.
How does money function and where does it come from?	I can't speak to bitcoin directly, but money evolved into what it is today. Originally, you traded things for other things or services, then gold and silver became the standard because they were precious metals with value because of the demands of people for the metals. Then they found a way to mark the pieces of gold and silver so we eventually get to coins. The paper aspect came about when banks developed. You would give the bank your money and he would give you a receipt for what you had given to him. Those paper receipts represented gold that you had stored in a bank. Fast forward to today where there is no longer directly an amount of gold backing each of your dollars, their value is subject to further fluctuation in the event a government just begins printing money
What are memories, physically?	When you think, neurons in your brain fire off, or individually pass electricity through themselves, and this creates patterns because of the sheer speed and amount this happens. When neurons fire off in a pattern, it's called a synapses and these patterns create \'connections\' which happen at several million times a second. When you experience something, you understand it because of the pattern in which the neurons fire off, and so when you experience a similar pattern of synapses, you "remember" it. There's a great book on this called [On Intelligence by Jeff Hawkins] that I read a while ago if you wanted to learn a bit more about the brain.
Why did slavery in the 1800s only exist in the agricultural economies of the south and not the industrial economies of the north in the US?	Because oddly enough holding slaves was pretty expensive and in the north there were hordes of immigrants that would work themselves almost to death for almost no money at all. Also, tradition.Part of the reason was the explosion of industrialization in the Northeast. Large factories don't need slave labor to prosper, whereas massive plantations do. It's purely economics. The wealth of the south was entirely dependent on agriculture which needed cheap labor, not to mention people who wouldn't\u200b need their own houses, which is a major waste of valuable farming land. Meanwhile, the north developed industry that didn't depend on slaves to survive. A large part of this disparity is geography. Not only is farmland in the north not as productive as the south , but industry of the time was almost completely powered by water. Narrow, fast-running rivers were ideal for factories, and the Northeast has those in spades.
Why does going to sleep get rid of most 'simple' ailments (headache, sickness etc)	Aside from the part where sleeping is when our bodies really hunker down and focus on healing/resting, most of these ailments are simply healed over a small period of time. "Time travelling" 8 hours into the future just gets the time over with. Your headache is only going to last a few hours, and sleeping gets those few hours over with pretty quickly.The simple answer is, it doesn't by itself. Sleep does promote some healing by allowing the body to move resources from areas that are less needed during sleep to areas where it can more readily used those to fight off infections or fix a deficiency somewhere . Sleep mostly gives your body time to make these fixes without all the other things of life it usually has to deal with And without you having to be conscious throughout the whole miserable ordeal.
Why do people only require the car support beams in order to restore it? I mean how is that cost efficient?	Well firstly when talking about cars and such the "super structure" isn't super, its usually just called the chassis. And secondly yes that can be all you need for older cars, think of it this way, for every car made, there could be dozens or hundreds of spare parts made for each part. What cant be bought may be able to be reconditioned or fabricated. But if a car was damaged or worn to the point that the framework itself was beyond economical repair it is essentially scrap, so they don't make spare chassis's. You just get a new car. As for being worth while and cost effective, classic and collectible cars are desirable or luxury items usually and its not always about cashing in. Though the car would generally be worth more once back in good condition and factoring in man hours or market value.
Why do electronics run faster under cold temperatures?	Some modern electronics have built-in thermal protection that causes them to slow down to prevent overheating. Those that do not have this feature do not run any faster when cold. They run more reliably. When electronics get too hot the insulating layers inside the chips break down, voltages drift, and they start making mistakes. Google recently published a paper about the energy savings of increasing the temperature inside their datacenters. As long as you prevent overheating, there's no benefit to cooling computers further. Unless you're trying to run chips faster than designed.
Why isn't a virus considered a living organism?	I believe the most commonly cited reasons include the lack of internal metabolism and the lack of an ancestral means of self replication without parasitizing nucleic acid polymerase and cellular ribosomes. It is somewhat of a fuzzy concept that is always evolving though. It could be thought of as analogous to why a computer virus is not an operating system', "My bio teacher told us last year that its because they don't have DNA, but instead they have RNA. They can't replicate it on their own, so they have to hijack other organisms cells to replicate their genes for them. Because of that, they aren't living
If I don't like the taste of a food and someone else likes the taste of the same food, are we both tasting the same thing?	Sometimes not. Some people are more sensitive to bitter tastes, for instance, and green vegetables like spinach taste more bitter to themIts really complicated, when you get into personal preferences. Lots of people assume our sensory inputs are just taking in 100% new, raw sensory information from the environment all the time, but that's not how the brain works. Its cognitively expensive to process new information all the time, so the brain does something similar to caching by storing away sensory experiences in memory. I only studied this in depth for vision, but its probably similar for the other senses. For the visual cortex, the amount of neurons coming in via the route from the eye vs. the route via memory is like 1:6. So only a small amount of what you are "seeing" is actually what makes up your experience. A much larger amount is just the brain grabbing memories of sensory objects and going "ah its this again, use this!". This is why people have so much fun on drugs. i.e. you can feel what the gound is like through your shoes, just by looking at the ground. The brain already knows what grass or cement feels like, for someone who has walked on those surfaces. Its also why witnesses are notoriously unreliable in court. We aren't really sensing what's there, we are sensing what is the best approximiation learned from previous experiences. When you add something as subjective as liking or not liking, there will be huge variations, provided its not some basic evolutionary need like salt or fat. Also, people will crave different foods depending on what the body needs. There's probably many more things like that, but I just wanted to drive the point that no, we are not tasting the exact same thing, as the aggregate of our sensory memories are not the sameI think he's referring to the case of "are colors the same for everyone who sees them; is my blue your red?"
Why do video game graphics and movie CGI look so different, when they're pretty similar in their creation?	Video game graphics have to be rendered in real time at somewhere between 30 and 60 frames a second for the game to be playable where as the CGI for movies can take weeks to render out. There's also a style difference, where movies are trying to appear as real as possible while game CG is trying to be consistent.
Why don't the makers of microwaves remove the popcorn button since every bag of microwavable popcorn instructs the user not to press that button?	Those extra buttons on your microwave aren't really for people to use them, they are to make the microwave appear to be of a higher value and quality to the customer. Because are you going to buy the microwave with the popcorn button or the one that appears to be inferior because it doesn't have this cool button called popcorn?
Does getting sick with the flu once provide the same effect as the flu shot for that year?	Kind of. You'll get immunity to that particular strain, but the flu shot typically contains vaccines against a few different strains. As such, you could still catch one of the other common strains that are going around, which the vaccine would have protected you against. Not all strains that go around are protected against by the vaccine, as sometimes the epidemiologists get it a bit wrong and chose the wrong strains. This is why having the flu shot doesn't guarantee that you won't then get the flu. Still, as the flu is horrible, it's worth getting the shot. They're cheap , virtually painless, won't give you the flu . Definitely worth having. The flu can be particularly bad if you have certain medical conditions, like asthma, COPD, or anything that leaves your immunocompromised .
Unemployment Rate for Teens and Young Adults in the US and what is being done to Improve it.	I can't comment on Obama's/Romney's specific plans, since I'm in Australia and I wasn't watching your news coverage that closely. However, the unemployment rate isn't really something the President has much control over. Of course, this doesn't stop them from talking about it , but there's no direct connection. Governments can help influence things, such as increasing funding in certain industries, or offering better education services to children, etc. But - ultimately - it's largely up to the businesses themselves to choose who they hire, and how many positions they create. If they decide they don't want to hire teenagers, or if kids decide they don't want to get the necessary education, then there's virtually nothing a government can do to get them employed.Essentially both of them are trying to find ways to stimulation the creation of new jobs. Usually teens and young adults are not singled out, unless giving an anecdote about a freshly out of college kid that kind find work. The two plans are essentially:.Romney: Lower the burden on businesses by lowering taxes. this can be paid for by closing certain tax loopholes and by the increased jobs over time..Obama: Give incentives to corporations who hire more people. Federal funding for things like green energy projects. Increase grant money to science and technology. Edit: I can explain questions in more detail if you have them, but I am not an economist.
Why is it so difficult to think with a cold or stuffy nose?	Because multi tasking. Medulla Oblongata is responsible for regulating a passive breathing. Try holding your breath and go think about any thing. Stuffy nose is an obstacle in this process.
In general, what is stopping the internet from being much faster than it is?	So the speed of the Internet is still limited to the speed of light- if someone in Seoul wants to download information from a computer in New York, it will still take 36 ms to get there . However, we 've figured out how to cram more information in the same amount of space. We can transmit the symbols with higher frequency and with fiber optic lines, we can transmit data on multiple frequencies simultaneously . As we get better at reading garbled data on the wire, we can increase how much data we send down the line at once. And keep in mind that as fast as a 10Gb/s Internet connection is, the fastest way to transmit large amounts of data over long distances is still a cargo jet full of hard drives.Just to clarify, you're merging 2 different concepts into 1. There are 2 types of speed when we're talking about the internet. The one most commonly used is bandwidth - the amount of data we can transmit at once. That's what 100Mb/s or 10Gb/s refers to. This has nothing to do with the speed of light. You know those old WWII naval movies where ships are signaling each other using a big spot light and blinkers? Think of this as adding/removing spot lights with blinkers. It lets them send more information at once. The other speed when we're talking about internet is latency. This is how quickly your messages get to their destination. This IS limited by the speed of light. In that it's much slower than the speed of light, and it will never get faster than the speed of light . This is sometimes referred to as ping and is usually a number measured in milliseconds. Typically you see something like 20ms-170ms within the US. 200-500ms around the world. BTW, no form of communication can ever exceed the speed of light from what we understand of physics. Even if the sun were to suddenly disappear, the earth would rotate where the sun was for 8 minutes.
What is happening with the hole in the ozone layer it used to be a huge deal but now i dont hear anything about it	It's been recovering. News sources prefer more sensationalist stuff. It's a lot easier to get viewers when they say it's growing than it's shrinking, so they've largely stopped talking about it since it started recovering.
How can gas station/mini-marts (in the US) reject large bills?	"legal for all debts" means debts. If they haven't agreed to the sale and you haven't received the goods, there's no debt yetFrom the [US Treasury on Legal Tender]: > > This statute means that all United States money as identified above are a valid and legal offer of payment for debts when tendered to a creditor. There is, however, no Federal statute mandating that a private business, a person or an organization must accept currency or coins as for payment for goods and/or services. Private businesses are free to develop their own policies on whether or not to accept cash unless there is a State law which says otherwise. For example, a bus line may prohibit payment of fares in pennies or dollar bills. In addition, movie theaters, convenience stores and gas stations may refuse to accept large denomination currency as a matter of policy. > ', "Just because something is legal tender doesn't mean they MUST accept it. If I buy a $25,000 car and insist that I give them 2.5 million pennies, they certainly do not have to take it.
what causes that "old" metallic-like smell in antique typewriters/cameras/sewing machines?	It's actually a kind of body odor. When you touch the metal, it catalyzes the decomposition of oils on your skin and makes smaller, more volatile compounds that make up the "metal smell."
Biologically, why does a man often reach orgasm long before a woman?	Male orgasm is required for reproduction. Female orgasm is not. Makes for more efficient reproductionThe female orgasm does serve a purpose in reproduction; the pelvic muscles contract/tighten and this helps pull the semen in further, increasing chances for fertilization.
Why do we have weird train of thoughts(shower thoughts) when we're in the shower?	You might just be having some confirmation bias. You remember having weird thoughts in the shower more than you do somewhere else. It also has to do with the shower drowning other sounds, and if you wash your face and close your eyes you lose visual stimulation. So when you don't have your two primary stimuli your brain hallucinates a bit to make up for it. Sort of like a sensory deprivation tank.
How do the school/college history textbooks in USA capture the WMD-triggered war on Iraq?	This is America. Most of our textbooks were written in 1989.Yeah i dont think it hasn't been long enough for that stuff to get into history books just yet for the most part.High school senior here, my history textbook last year ended with a picture of Bush during his "Mission Accomplished" speech in 2003. In the pages before, it talked about the rise of terrorism and the response in half a page. Another half page covered the start of the war in Afghanistan . The Iraq war itself is summarized up until 2005. The book summarizes how the US built a case for the invasion, the invasion itself, "Mission Accomplished" and then the loss of public support for the war after thousands more Americans died and no WMDs were found. The book then ends with a discussion of the change in the "structure of American foreign policy" under Bush. Hope this helps! Source: High School Senior formerly in AP US History, Textbook: American History - A Survey by Alan Brinkley Published in 2007 Edit: TL;DR - Book provides an explanation of the events leading up to the war while summarizing the war itself and the reactions to it without making judgment.I hope somebody will aswer this, but I am afraid we will have to wait few years. I am not familiar with the textbook situation in US, but I remember finishing primary school in 1999 and the end of cold war was only mentioned as an extra. High school lectures didn't even reach 20th century. also there is some 20-30 year line for things to be considered subject of history
How can a medicine cause suicidal thoughts or actions? Is it possible you could engineer compounds to invoke certain kinds of thoughts?	A depressed person might feel suicidal, but lack the motivation to go through with any sort of plan. It's not necessarily that anti-depressants "cause" the suicidal thoughts, but they can give a suicidal person the energy to kill themself if the circumstances that cause them to contemplate suicide aren't remedied.Neurotransmitters are how your mood is regulated. Your mood depends on the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the synapses between neurons in your brain. Antidepressants and other mood altering drugs work by changing the chemical balance of your brain by either blocking the release or reuptake of neurotransmitters to boost or inhibit the activity of neurotransmitters. With any drug that alters the chemical balance of your brain there is a certain risk that the medication won't work or will work improperly and can lead to a chemical imbalance that could cause severe depression which could in turn make a person suicidal.
How come humans are the only species with acne on our faces?	Many animals have acne -- you usually don't see it though because the animals are covered in hair. People with beards have acne too, even though you can't see it.
Why "John Smith" is considered a common/default name?	John is a very common first name in history, in the US it was the most common given name up to 1924. Smith is also a very common surname historically due to the number of blacksmiths and other smiths needed for wars, who were also less likely to be killed as they were not fighting.
Why does India have so many people?	The poorer part of India is against birth control, breeds until they have enough men to sustain the family, because once you're old you're supported by your children, and other cultural reasons that promote large families.
If water is made of hydrogen and oxygen, both flammable elements, why is water not flammable?	Fire involves, generally speaking, more complex chemical bonds with higher amounts of energy in their bonds, releasing their bonds, and re-combining with each other to form bonds with lower amounts of energy. The better examples of the complex chemical bonds are gasoline, oil, wood, peat, etc; they release the chemical energy they have stored to produce more heat and fire. Water, however, doesn't have a lot of chemical energy. It's already a simple, lower energy bond, and is really stable. Hydrogen is really really positive, and trying to either get rid of one of its electrons, or trying to get an electron to become stable. Oxygen, on the other hand, is really negative, 2nd only to Fluorine in how negative it is, and REALLY REALLY wants to get 2 electrons to be perfectly stable. It'll combine with 2 hydrogen, steal their electrons, and everyone is happy and stable. EDIT: you're aware of what a water molecule looks like, [HERE] is what one of the components of petroleum looks like.
Why are Criminals given multiple life sentences?	Because one is charged and judged for each crime - not all together. Best example: Someone in jail murders. Now he will have a new court case + judgement', "Multiple life sentences are give to ensure that the criminals remains in jail. In some areas, a life sentence is actually 20 years long. So, receiving two life sentences for two seperate crimes is actually 40 years in jail minimum. Furthermore, sometimes some sentences are reversed on appeal. Let's say a serial killer killed six people, but only got convicted and given life sentence for one. If it is later discovered that the police mishandled the evidence, that life sentence could be overturned, and the serial killer set free. So, to make sure they cover themselves in case they do make mistakes, the state charges a criminal with everything possible and maximizes the jail sentence.
Why deploy all 10 Iridium-3 Satellites in the same location?	The satellites presumably have a small amount of fuel on board. It doesn't take much fuel to tweak your orbit a bit to get the satellites all following the same orbit but spaced out around the orbit. Just dumping a satellite out into space is a great way to quickly lose the satellite. The real world isn't as clean as KSP. Orbits drift for lots of reasons–solar wind, solar radiation pressure, nonuniformities in Earth's gravitational field, the remnants of the upper atmosphere, etc. If you want a satellite to stay in the orbit it's meant for then it needs the ability to use a little fuel to tweak its orbit.
Why do alcohol swabs sting cuts but Poly/Neosporin does not?	Alcohol doesn't sting. All over your skin there are these cells that respond to temperatures. They create the sensation of burning, stinging, etc. These cells have a threshold, where they become active if they are in contact with something above a certain temperature. What alcohol does is it very briefly confuses those cells. The activation threshold drops just a tiny bit, to slightly below your normal body temperature. So its not the alcohol that doing the stinging, its your own body.
ELI 5: Why does salt make everything taste good.	A professional chef once told me that salt opens up your taste buds , meaning other flavors get absorbed by the tongue easier, making foods taste strongerSalt, Fat, and Sugar are rare in the natural world. So our bodies have evolved to enjoy them when we come across them so we do not pass up on our bodies needs.
How do people who are naturally tone deaf cope with languages like Mandarin Chinese where intonation determines specific meaning?	_URL_0_"Tone deaf people seem to be disabled only when it comes to music as they can fully interpret the prosody or intonation of human speech."Tone deaf can be beaten by training, letting anyine learn to sing or play. It was a TIL recently. Im "tonedeaf". I can't tell an E flat from E sharp if you play them out of nowhere. But i can still recognize a rising or falling pitch in mandarin. And even native speakers can make mistakes. My fiance with her ex were once asked if they. wanted to eat rice with a spoon , but misheard and thought Black Vinegar was said insteadWell for starters there is no such thing as tone deafso, beyond the fact that tone deafness seems not to actually extend to human speech ), human language is remarkably redundant, and you can usually understand things pretty well in tonal languages without the tones themselves. this is how people understand musical lyrics in mandarin, for example.
How can an apartment advertise a "starting at" rent amount and then not honor that price because the "market rate changed"?	It all has to do with the contract that you sign when you sign your lease. Most allow for them to change the rent based on market rate periodically. Normally it is once a yearMost people rent apartments on their days off, and for most that is on the weekends. That is why market rates are higher then, and during the warmer months when its nice to move. I ran into this myself, and seriously try to ask about the apartment during a weekday. I saved about 300 a month by signing my lease on a weekday vs the weekend for the same apartment.
Why do we lose our appetite when we see something gross?	Caveat: I'm not an evolutionary biologist. I imagine that those who developed that nausea/aversion when presented with something gross like rot, pus, fecal material, etc were less likely to be exposed to dangerous bacteria and more likely to survive. Basically poop is dangerous and feeling grossed out about it is probably a good thing, coprophiliacs be damned.
How did spiders develop their web weaving abilities, and what are the examples of earlier stages of this feat?	A more primitive behavior can be seen in ground-dwelling spiders like tarantulas that live in burrows use silk to line the walls of the burrow instead of making elaborate webs.I JUST went through a voyage of discovery on this exact question! We're like brain buddies! Basically, the first spiders were venomous burrowing critters. They most likely had a mucus like secretion that helped form and hold the walls of their homes. Over time this mucus ended up helping to incapacitate prey which placed a naturally selective pressure on those that used it offensively in addition to constructively. Over even MORE time those secretions became more refined and the spiders could use it as a soggy kind of net by dragging it around the top of low grass or plants. Eventually it moved from there to the refined sticky silk we all know and love today. Mind you, we don't have a fossil record of any of this, but many smart people have independently told me that this is the most likely evolutionary route taken.
How does the Plan B pill work?	The plan B pill is a very high dose of a hormone similar to progesterone. When you take it, it prevents any eggs from being released, just like for daily birth control pills. Pregnancy causes a large increase in progesterone, and this increase in progesterone stops the menstrual cycle in one spot, meaning no eggs are released for the duration. Increasing progesterone temporarily with plan B works to stop ovulation for long enough that fertilization doesn't happen. This works because the common notion that immediately after ejaculation the sperm all have a race to the egg is not realistic. It really does not work like that. What usually happens is that the egg hasn't been released at the time of sex . The sperm just sort of hang out inside the uterus along the walls, waiting for the egg to drift by. They can survive like that for a few days, I believe, and if no egg is released in that time, pregnancy will not occur. As far as I know, they are ineffective once the egg has been fertilized. That's a common misconception. Different hormones are used to induce abortions by causing menstruation to happen. [More info]
If someone was in space, travelling at such a high speed that a noticeable amount of time dilation affected them, what would determine their age legally?	Our laws arent equipped to handle this so it would simply go by his legal birthdate regardless of any dilation he experienced.
Why while cell phones continue to get slimmer, house phones are still bulky?	Because cell phones are portable, they are small and compact by design. House phones are bound to a nearby outlet anyway, so size doesn't matter", 'It's expensive to make technology small. So while it's perfectly possible to make a house phone that's the same size and shape as a smartphone, if it was in the stores at $250 when there other, larger house phones sitting next it to it for $30-$40, few people would go for the expensive option. After all it might look cooler, but unlike a smartphone it doesn't convey any "brand coolness" on the purchaser, because nobody else sees you using it.Because a cell phone is made so you can carry it with you all the time. While a house phone is meant to stay in your house, so it doesn't matter if it's a bit bigger.
Why do I sometimes need to take a dump after having a cigarette?	Nicotine acts as a stomach irritant, so it's common to feel like you have to shit after a smoke
If the universe is expanding, what is it expanding into? What exists in the space that the universe is expanding into?	The super short answer is we don’t know. All we know is that the universe is getting less dense, and there is more empty space between celestial objects. Its also not doing so radially , but more just sort of in all directions. We know this through observation and measurement so we are sure its happening, we just havent worked out why. The common explanation is “dark matter/energy”. Which basically means energy/matter that we can’t see that just mathematically must be there in order for the expansion to make any senseIt’s not expanding into anything. There is no space that the universe expands into; space is part of the universe. When the universe expands, more space is created.
For electronics that require double-A batteries, why do they typically require them to be reversed?	Currents flow in one direction. In flashlights, batteries are stacked behind each other so that the current goes in a straight line. In other cases where batteries are parallel, the line must connect from the top of one battery to the bottom of another. For that to happen efficiently and without complication, the batteries are facing opposing directionsSeries vs parallel. Some devices need a high voltage, but not really a high current to drive , so batteries are wired plus-to-minus to obtain a high voltage. The current and capacity however, will be limited to that of an individual cell. Other cases may desire a high current or capacity at a lower voltage, which can be obtained by connecting all the corresponding poles on multiple cells. The resulting current output and capacity can be the sum of those of the individual cells. in cases where the series configuration is desired, its most efficient to construct a holder with only two external wires: the negative of one battery and the positive of the other. The other terminals are bridged together, often by a metal strip.Common alkaline AA's are 1.5V. Many electronic devices require more than 1.5V to function. When batteries are wired in series, the voltage is added . Lots of electronics take advantage of this. Batteries facing in opposite directions can be connected more efficiently. The + and - ends of the batteries are closer together and there's both a + and - end close to the electronics's circuit. That uses the least amount of conducting material and achieves the least amount of voltage drop across whatever is connecting the batteries to each other and to the circuit .
Why is Google so keen on pushing its Google+ service on users, despite the backlash?	Google's entire money making strategy is to target advertising towards users. The better they know their users, the better they are able to target relevant ads to them. I'm not bashing them for this, as it's beneficial to consumers as well . Anyway, they have a lot of different ways of collecting data about you, from what you search for, to what kind of emails are hitting your inbox. However, if they could get you to use Google+ even a fraction as much as you use Facebook, imagine how much more data they would have about you. They would know that you just came back from a ski trip in the Rockies and might be in the market for a new Go Pro camera. They may see that you're just getting ready for college and target Barnes & Nobles ads to you. TLDR: More data for Google = better ad targeting = increased revenues.
why is the Blackberry messaging system "safer" than others / how is it encrypted?	They are one of the only messaging systems that use full end to end asymetric encryption. Each handset have the only copy of a built in private decryption key. The coresponding encryption key is made public. The sender encrypts the message before it is sent to blackberry and it can only be decrypted by the receiver.
Information is tranferred through a wire changing the voltage, but isn't voltage a property of the power source? What's happening in the conductor?	Between the power source and the measurement location are one or more transistors. These act like switches -- either allowing the "high" voltage to pass through, or blocking it so that the voltage on the far side is low.
Why are "cuss" words considered so bad?	Because they usually have sexual connotations. And sex is considered tabooBecause of social rules. Theyre not bad in general, nor are they considered bad in general. Theyre considered bad by certain groups, for lack of a better word for a collective of people. Same goes for sex. Theres no taboo in general, its a taboo in certain circles. And to prove that, just think of EVERYONE YOUVE EVER KNOWN FROM AROUND YOUR OWN AGE GROUP EVER whos been offended by sexual references or swearing, then note how small the list is.
Why do bodies of water and the edges of heights have a "pull" to them?	The pull you feel have nothing to do with gravity, it's purely psychological. The phenomena is named "the call of the void". It's kind of your brain running the \'what if\' and we get that uneasy feeling of \'I could so easy do X\' where X is something you normally wouldn't wanna do and that would cause irreversible consequences.
How does reading in poor light damage your eyes?	It doesn't. You can get a headache from the tension of having to focus in poor light but there is no damage.Someone please use some sciency words so i can show my mum It doesn't cause eyes damage more then it puts strain on your eyes. When you're in a room with dim lighting your eyes will try to adjust. The reason of the adjustments will be to take in as much light as your eyes can. Changes that will happen will include the pupil enlarging and several other things telling the eye to relax. When trying to read, your eyes need to focus on the words. To do this, the iris and other muscles must contract to stay focused. So your eyes are getting two different signals. Relax, so they can take in more light and Contract, to focus on the words. Again this doesn't cause so much "damage" more then it causes strain
Why do websites allow you to "skip" ads at all?	Because if they forced you to watch a whole ad every time, you wouldn't come back. The advertiser knows that the person that they want to reach is someone who is interested in their product, and they would watch the ad. So they are happy to pay something even if the viewer skips the ad.
The many-worlds theory/multiple universe theory	Imagine a bubble. Inside this bubble is our entire universe. For the sake of argument, imagine that you can't pierce or go outside this bubble. Now, there is some event that happens , and the bubble splits. In one bubble, the coin flipped as heads, in the other the coin landed on tails. Other than that though, both bubbles are the same. Now imagine that happening with every decision and event that could happen. That is the mulitple universe theory in a nutshell.
what to know about adopting a stray dog?	I assume by "stray" you actually mean a dog found wandering the street. First, know that you really don't know much about the dog. If you're going to take him or her into your house, you should be aware that they might have some health issues that you're not aware of. It's a very good idea that you get them to a vet ASAP to get a health assessment, address any issues and, if nothing else, get a baseline. You also don't know how old the dog is, or if he or she has any behavioural issues. Most dogs can adjust to living with humans, but realise there might be a lot of hard work on your end. You'll need to house-train them, you'll need to teach them what they can and can't chew on, etc. Dogs can bond with humans, but it might not happen overnight. And there's the usual stuff for whenever you adopt a dog, regardless of origin. Dogs are a big responsibility. They need a lot of attention and there are a lot of costs associated with them. Be sure you're ready for that kind of responsibility.
why do horses have to be put down if they break a leg?	A broken leg for a horse is very dangerous to the horses health. They rarely lay down due to their weight and to keep a horse immobile for a period long enough is also bad for its health. This will explain it better _URL_0_', "Horsies have bodies built to always be able to stand or move around. They're not meant to lay down a lot. Now, if a horsie breaks its leg, it has to rest that leg for it to heal. But if it rests that leg, the horsie will get sicker and sicker. Remember, the horsie's body is not meant to rest its legs, it's built assuming it can always move.
What exactly do music conductors do?	They don't just stand around waving a wand. They are the producer/director of the concert music BEFORE it is performed in concert. They tell the individual musicians and sections/groups of musicians how to play the music . In concert, the conductors are there for a reminder for the performers, and also so people know who this important "maestro" is. They can also be the original composer , but usually are not. Any song can be produced/arranged in a myriad of ways.
Why do Americans say "math" and "sports" while people from the UK and Australia say "maths" and "sport"?	I know that people from UK say maths because it's an abbreviation for mathematics. That's all I got, hope it helps.
why China outlawing ivory trade decreased the price even though outlawing drugs has not done the same.	Ivory is the sort of thing people like if they can get it but they don't like so much that if it's not avalible that people are going to go crazy finding ways to find it. If you told someone with a serious opioid addiction that the only way they could ever get more was to cook and eat their own mom you 'd get some people that would do it and not feel like they had a choice but pay that price. No one is really like that with ivory, if you tell people that can't have ivory most will go \'oh, too bad" and the number of people willing to break the law for it is fairly small.
Why doesn't the NES zapper for Duck hunt work on new TVs?	When you pulled the trigger, the screen flashes black with a white square around the object. A photodiode on the zapper detects what colour the aimed screen is, and if its white you get a hit. That's all I know, as for why it doesn't work now I have no idea. Probably because the form of photodiode doesnt pick up the light from a LCD, LED or Plasma display.The NES zapper is synchronised with the refresh rates and scan rates of old CRT TVs. New TVs use different methods of displaying frames and show full frames instead of scanning across the screen in lines. This causes the zapper to go out of sync with the TVs and not detect the white square when used.
Why are some people able to open their eyes in the ocean without any discomfort, while other people's eyes can be very irritated by the salt water?	Bitch grade or non bitch grade, Poseidon decides.I find it hard to believe that people can open their eyes in the ocean without discomfort. I've swam all over the world, and it always stings. That said, cold water is a lot harder to deal with than warmer water. And some water has more minerals that irritate than others.
How can a file that is 0 bytes can be stored when technically it shouldn't exist because it contains no data?	Think of it as a filing cabinet. You open the drawer and you pull out a folder. The folder has nothing at all in it. It is a file with no data. If someone were to ask you how big the file is you would say it had no data. Even though it has no data, there's still a folder there and it still takes up space in the filing cabinet albeit not nearly as much as the file with a hundred pages in it.
Why do heights feel taller when looking from the top down than from the ground up?	It's a lot more than just the height differences. It's your sense of danger kicking in coupled with your enhanced ability to actually perceive height because there's more to compare it to. When you're on the ground, you are not in danger. When you are leaning over a precipice looking down, you are. Your brain instantly kicks in with a big "Do not go any closer!" message that some people can easily overcome due to being accustomed to it, and others can never handle. That sense of fear makes the distance look enormous. Then there's the ability to comparatively measure. When you're up high looking down, you can easily tell that you're relatively high by comparing the size of stuff at ground level as you see it from your perch versus what size it is when you're down there next to it. Climb a radio tower, look down and see ant-sized people, and you instantly know you're REALLY high. But when you are on the ground looking up, there's nothing to compare it to, only the sky and so it's really hard to gauge distance. Not to mention, let’s say you’re six feet tall. From the ground, the diving board doesn’t look that tall because your eyes are nearly six feet off the ground. When you’re on top of the board, the ground looks that much farther away because your eyes are nearly six feet above the board. That’s a difference in perception of almost 12 feet there!Because when you are at the top you adding you own height and the contrary when you are at the ground just my two cents
Neural networks and data analysis, particularly in the context of biology (i.e., "omics" analysis using computer algorithms, etc.).	The reason why there are programs called "neural networks" is because they employ something discovered with the brain, which is that when a group of neurons fire at the same time, they "link" together. That new "link" is a new recognized pattern So lets look at genomics you have a giant trove of data, take for example 3000 candidate gene mutations for high blood pressure, and you want to see which ones are the real high blood pressure mutations. Neural networks can do this thing, where they take information, and begin to cluster patients based on their genes and their disease profile, using the fact that whenever two pieces of data show up together, the computer will "link" them. Over time, you'll be able to find which genes tend to contribute more to high blood pressure and which show up most commonly together, which is useful for diagnosis and screening in the future. TLDR: neural networks can detect patterns whenever a bunch of data shows up together. This works for massive troves when us humans can't make sense of it. Side note: we have not been able to successfully do this for high blood pressure.
why is a north facing yard/home a good thing (at least in the southern hemisphere)?	No idea. But in the northern hemisphere, I would like a west facing home. I spend a lot of time in my back yard. The sun in my face would help wake me up in the mornings and, I'd like some shade in the afternoons and early evenings.
Why does everything crackle when I open the freezer?	It's likely a combination of two factors: ice cracking and plastic bags. The ice will crack if there's a sudden change in temperature . Plastic bags are also filled with cold air. When they warm up the air inside them will expand which can cause a plastic crinkling sound or cause ice on the plastic bag to crack.
Hydro power generation, why is there only one big turbine at the bottom of the hill and not multiple? The water should regain its kinetic energy?	Most of the energy comes from the drop in height, from the top of the lake to the level of the turbine. That generates immense pressure. Once the water comes out of the turbine, that pressure is spent. The remaining energy is smallSome hydroelectric plants have multiple turbines. The [Three Gorges Dam] in China has 34 turbines, for example. The turbines do tend to be spaced out next to each other horizontally, rather than vertically in a sequence. Since you mentioned kinetic energy, you may also be familiar with the idea of [potential energy]. When you pull on a spring and it bounces back, that spring is experiencing potential energy that is converted into kinetic energy. Likewise, when a single drop of water is at a particular height, its potential energy is equal to the total amount of kinetic energy it could gain by falling. Ignoring certain effects like friction or air drag, the amount of energy you can extract from that water drop as it falls one full-dam height is the same as the amount of energy you can extract as it falls two half-dam heights, because in both cases the water drop starts with the same amount of potential energy that can be converted into kinetic energy.Pretty sure the laws of thermodynamics won't allow this to be profitable. For us to take energy out of the system the water needs to lose KE If you've seen videos of an outlet of a hydropower plant you will clearly see that the water falls almost directly vertically. Ofc if you have a 100m drop and then put two turbines - one at the bottom and one at 50m you could operate both since the water starts building kinetic energy from the outlet of the first one due to gravity.But the initial potential energy of the water is still the same - aka. There is a cap on how much you'll be able to harvest, and having multiple turbines along the way means more losses due to friction I'm on the subway so can't do the maths now, but i reckon there's several economic reasons to just stick with one inlet and outlet.
Why did speakers make noise when phones nearby sent texts	It was caused by interference with the signals the phone was sending, and the electronics of the speaker. It doesn't happen as frequently now, because we've refined the technology used in both, so speakers are less susceptible, and phones don't send as much power out, and thus you get less interference.
Why can a nearsighted person see clearly in Oculus VR with glasses on, but not without? The lenses are an inch away, well within 'vision range'.	The optics in the equipment will be set for viewing with a relaxed "normal" eye, ie one that would be focused on distant objects. So you would need our normal spectacles or contacts to get to that focus point.The key word here is 'astigmatism'. Behind your pupil you have a soft, squishy lens connected to muscles that stretch or compress the lens, changing how convex it is to focus the light onto your retina at various distances. You're short sighted because those muscles can't 'stretch out' the lens sufficiently to focus on distant objects. If this was the only problem you had, you'd probably be able to wear your VR headset without glasses and be able to see reasonably clearly. Astigmatism is different. There are a few different types, but astigmatism is when the lens in your eye is an irregular shape. Instead of being circular, it's more oval shaped, or the lens itself can be 'dented'. Because the lens is an irregular shape, it means your eye can't focus the light entering it uniformly, regardless of how close or far something is away, there's going to be a significant part of your vision out of focus. This is why lenses for astigmatism sufferers are aspherical. Rather than have uniform correction all over the lens , the 'strength' will vary across the lens to match the correction needed for your astigmatism. For example, I have pretty bad astigmatism myself, and if I take off my glasses, hold the left lens to my left eye, and then slowly rotate my glasses until they're 90's degrees from where they'd normally sit, my vision becomes blurred as the lens moves out of alignment with my eye. Tl;Dr : The screens in your headset are close enough to where your short sightedness isn't a problem, but because your astigmatism isn't being corrected, your vision is still blurry.
Why are other countries getting ready for nuclear war? Yet, being in California, we aren't doing drills or building bomb shelters? Seems as if everything is being shrugged off.	North Korea have been showing off muscles since the 50s. There is nothing terribly new and exiting there. There is very little to suggest that they can successfully deliver a nuclear bomb to North America. South Korea have been at war with North Korea for generations now. It is not just a war in name as the ceasefire is occasionally broken with deadly results on both sides and even among citizens. A lot of Koreans is in danger of getting hit with artillery fire at any point and may even have experienced this before. So they are not getting ready for war, they are at war building bomb shelters and doing drills.
How do people die from choking on their own vomit, is there a reason the feeling of choking doesn't wake them up?	When people choke on their own vomit, it's generally because they're so drugged up that they can't wake up or even move. Normally people, even really sick ones, are going to wake up and save themselves.It mostly happen if the individual have high amount of alcohol or narcotics in the body that suppress reflexes and relax muscles. So they are not in a stat with normal body function. Other traumatic medical condition that leve you unconscious or unable to move etc can result on choke on vomit. It it rare but there can be conical conditions that can cause result in natural function become unresponsive. It might be dementia or other neural disruptive diseases. So it almost never happen in a healthy individual that are not under the influence of some alcohol or narcotics.Often happens when, for whatever reason, the body is paralyzed/inhibited enough that it can't fully eject the vomit.
Why do online videos un-buffer when you rewind them?	YouTube started doing this a while ago, many people would pre-load minutes/hours of content without ever watching it, which is wasting YouTube's bandwidth. So, they now only stream video in segments, like 5-sec each. As for why the already played content isn't cached on your browser, these sites simply didn't allow that functionality.

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