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is it legal to kill the president in self defence?
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Yes, that would be legal. I don't think the Secret Service would let that happen and would restrain or even kill them before allowing it to happen though. In general the President is like any other citizen.
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How does Creatine work in the body?
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So your muscles obviously need energy to be able to contract the way it does, and the main molecule that provides your muscles the energy they need to contract is called adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. However, since ATP is so energetic, it doesn't make much sense for your body to keep ATP ready on demand-- rather, it makes ATP as needed for your muscles. This is done by adding a phosphate group to a molecule called adenosine diphosphate, or ADP. However, the process of converting ADP to ATP takes a few seconds. But if I want to throw a punch, my muscles don't take a few seconds before I'm ready-- it's pretty much instantaneous. This is because your body keeps creatine on hand. In your body, creatine is usually bonded to a phosphate group to make a molecule called phosphocreatine . CP has this property where it exchanges phosphate groups in equilibrium with ADP. Basically, this means that occasionally CP will donate its phosphate group to ADP, creating a small amount of ATP and converting CP to creatine. However, as soon as this ATP molecule forms, it usually immediately loses its phosphate group to another creatine molecule, forming ADP and CP. However, when you tell your muscles to contract, as soon as the ATP forms, it is immediately put to use to contract your muscle. A lower amount of ATP means that the remaining CP is converted even faster to creatine and ATP. This goes on for a few seconds, at which point your CP reserves are depleted. But its OK, since by that time other more permanent pathways have started up to convert ADP to ATP. So basically, creatine serves as a source of immediate energy for your muscles while your actual machinery powers up. As for the dietary supplement, no idea. I doubt taking it does anything though.
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Why is it considered okay to talk to your pet if its a dog or cat etc, but not if its a fish?
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Because dogs and cats can/will respond to your voice, and even nuances in your voice, while fish do not.Fish don't know English. Even if they are born in this country, they do not assimilate like cats and dogs do. We are supposed to be a melting pot, but with fish, its all about how great the Ocean is and how Life began in the Ocean and Most of the earth is Ocean.
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How can pirating sites and programs still remain readily available online all the time? (e.g ThePirateBay, uTorrent etc.)
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Utorrent is legal. They could host that in the United States, or anywhere they wanted. Its just an app, which is often used for illegal purposes. As for thepiratebay, they just locate the site in a country which does not care. I'm sure the FBI would shut it down if they could but if the servers are in another country, there is nothing anybody can do. The FBI can send letters requesting they shut down the website, the that country just throws the letters away.
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Why haven't cat breeders created domestic cats that are as loving and social as dogs?
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Have you ever had a good cat and raised it from a kitten? I've had two cats that were just like dogs. Ripley was my first cat ever, and I taught him sit, stay, fetch, etc. He was my buddy, always at my side. Never needed a leash when we went outside or anything. He was just a random kitty from the street, too. Nothing special to anyone but me.
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Why Wes Anderson's movies look and feel so unique.
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There are probably lots of technical reasons to do with cinematography etc. but in terms of themes, I've noticed he keeps returning to themes about adulthood vs childhood. You often see children who behave more like adults and adults who behave more like children, for example.
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How can car makers make engines more fuel economic
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The move to smaller engines . Engines are being made out of lighter materials, as well. Cars are more aerodynamic, etc. The biggest affect I've found on my own personal fuel mileage is the driver. If you drive like there is a glass of water balancing on your dashboard and you drive conservatively and don't jab on the gas from a stop sign like an NHRA drag racer, then you can really improve the gas mileage.Generally, but improving the volumetric efficiency of the engine through the use of a new technologys to improve on the original design. A turbocharger will do this. Or vw have started direct stratified injection petrol engines. The higher pressures help the fuel atomisation in the chamber which means more of the fuel is burned. The biggest thing of late is exhaust gas recirculation. Where some of the unburnt/partially burnt fuel is redirected from the exhaust back into the inlet pipes. Basically. Clever people in lab coats making engines more efficient and making sure none of the fuel is wasted in the combustion processThe efficiency of an fuel engine depends highly on the relation of the fuel before and after expansion. You can influence it by adjusting the fuel/air ratio, using more fuel or the geometrical form of the burning chamber. Making smaller engine works too. But they usually have less power which results in the use of turbochargers to keep the power at a reasonable level.
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Overclocking a PC, please.
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Overclocking a Pc is increasing the frequency of a component inside of it, such as increasing the frequency, or Clock speed, of a CPU to 3GHz, a frequency 0.5GHz higher than the intended 2.5GHz it would normally be; Hence the name overclocking, allowing the component to perform a task faster, Frequency is usually a measure of how quickly an event happens in one second. - Other components are responsible for moving your hands to your mouth from the bottomless biscuit tin that would affect the speed you can eat your food. To achieve the a higher frequency the voltage to the component generally has to be increased as more energy is required by that component, Too low a voltage and the component won't work because it doesn't have enough energy to function but too high a voltage and you can destroy the component. - The downside to overclocking is heat, Increasing the frequency and voltage dramatically increases the temperatures of the components. In order for your component to run \'overclocked\' you'll likely need to cool them more efficiently than they were originally intended and this is where it gets complicated. Most components have a heat-sink, usually made out of metal and vary in shape and size, which helps to create a larger surface area for heat to dissipate away from a component. When Overclocking, these heat-sinks can turn out inadequate for the component to operate with and this is what is known as an "unstable overclock" The way to combat this is to reduce the voltage and frequency enough so that the increased heat produced can be dissipated away and by using a better way of cooling the component, such as a heatsink with a larger surface area or liquid cooling, Which can be expensive. - I 've tried my best to explain it and hope this helpsOverclocking is like running an engine in the red. Your car will go faster, but eventually the engine will probably blow.
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How do dogs sense when a diabetic person’s glucose levels are dangerously low or high?
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First, they basically screen puppies for the ones with the best noses. Everyone's breath can be used to tell what their sugar levels are like. For example, if your blood sugar is dangerously high, your breath will have a specific fruity-ish scent to it. The dogs are trained to keep an eye out for these specific scents. I hope this helps! If you have any more questions, feel free to ask!
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A Few Folks Over At /r/Law Made A New Subreddit To Explain Legal Issues. Come On Over.
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Taking a look, cool! Suggestion: EVERY SINGLE POST should have highlighted auto-flair "I am not your lawyer; This is not legal advice." Saves spaceBolshevikMuppet legal questions What could possibly go wrong?
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If a jogger runs at the speed of sound, can he still hear his iPod?
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Yes, so long as he has it with him. Concorde flew at twice the speed of sound and the passengers were able to hear each other. Sound that is stationary that the jogger passes would sound very weird and distorted but his iPod should sound OK as it's travelling at the same speed.Yes, the sound waves from the ipod will have the momentum of the runner, like how we can hear even though the earth is spinning and revolving around the sun which is revolving around The Milky Way.
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How does YouTube's auto caption function work?
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Well yes. It utilizes a speech to text program, which is the computer trying to recognize words. It is not very good at this, but things are improving.
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How do currency exchange centers make money?
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Generally they take a percentage of the money they change, or they offer other paid servicesLike with any product they buy it for less than they sell it for. You might buy your holiday money for 90p per Euro, but when you come home and change your leftover back you only get about 80p back.Imagine you sell $100, and buy £60. The next day, you come back to the same place, and sell them back your £60. They offer you $90. They've just made $10 profit. That would be fine if they sold the same amount of currency as they bought. But, except in tourist areas, most places will mostly buy their own currency and sell foreign currency. But in order to do that, they still have to buy the foreign currency from a central bank, and they sell it to you for more $ than it costs them to buy.They charge a flat fee, like 2%. Some give you a bad rate. If 100 US should be 1300 mexican pesos, they give you a rate so they only offer you 1100. Some just lie. They have a good rate posted, if asked will tell you "no fees" but unless you have a calculator to check, they don't end up giving you the advertised rateBy charging insane fees on the money you convert. I used a currency exchange booth in Frankfurt Airport and got equivalent of 800 USD in euros after giving them 1000 USDLook at the price they buy currency at. Compare it to the price they sell currency at. Now you know. :)
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Why do I get hiccups when I eat too quickly?
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I'm no doctor, but I would assume it's because you eat too quickly.The stomach, which is situated right below the diaphragm, becomes distended and irritates the diaphragm. This will cause the diaphragm to contract, as it does when we breathe in. You can get rid of them by exhaling as much air from your lungs as possible and then swallowing twice. If you do it right, the second swallow will feel nearly impossible. This will allow your muscles to push on your diaphragm to stop the spasms.
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Why is it that story lines, characters and outcomes from a book can differ so much from the movie based off that book?
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I have a feeling that the author of the book has very little influence on the movie, once they've sold the rights to it. Also, I think movie patrons are different from readers and are seeking a different kind of resolution to the story. That is, book readers are more willing to see an open-ended resolution where moviegoers want concrete answers spelled out simply.Sometimes, things will be changed due to constraints such as budget, casting, politics, etc. But often, things will get changed simply because the filmmakers think they can "improve" the storyA couple reasons. Your typical movie is bigger and more expensive than your typical book, so it has more costs it needs to recoup. This might mean making it more "audience friendly" i.e. changing the end so the hero lives. Also, a book is more of a singular vision than a movie, which means that for the movie, you may have lots of people--writer, director, producer, studio executives--competing for their "vision" of the work. Finally, when a studio makes an adaptation of a book, they buy movie rights. This gives them the right to do what they want with the material and the author doesn't like it, then toughies. And *that* is how *The Lorax* went from a 45-page poem about the dangers of environmental destruction, to a movie where Zac Effron and Taylor Swift fall in love.
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Why people can get "accumulated tiredness" but not "accumulated rest"?
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I assume you're talking about sleep debt? Sleep debt is a little more complicated than "accumulated tiredness." It generally refers to a chain of changes and harms in the body as a result of poor sleep or insufficient sleep: increased risk of obesity, heart problems, stroke, cognitive decline, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, the list goes on. There are a lot of researchers out there who think the idea of sleep debt is bs and that sleep debt is just a silly way to talk about shit sleep habits. Whichever perspective you want to go with, the crux is that you can never really pay back what you 've taken out because the damages have already started. You can't bank sleep--it isn't just rest. It's a period of time where the brain and body reset, flush out accumulated stuff that slows you down, reorganize, and basically recalibrate. You need to go through that process every night. On the flip side of too little sleep, sleeping for abnormally long periods of time generally indicates a disorder, not healthy function. Accumulating rest would mean hijacking your circadian rhythm. Ultimately, humans don't do well with inconsistent sleep, whether that means sleeping too little or sleeping too much.
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If the nucleus is held together by a strong force, then how do atoms gain or lose neutrons (and radioactive atoms lose protons)?
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Well, the Strong Force is only one of 4 fundamental forces of nature, the other three being Electromagnetism, Gravity, and the Weak Force. That force is only about 137 times greater than the Electromagnetic Force, which attempts to push two positively charged protons away from each other. If the Strong Force weakens or is interrupted, the Electromagnetic Force can push a proton out of the nucleus, decreasing the overall element and allowing it to reform into a more stable configuration. The Strong Force is at it's strongest inside subatomic particles, gluing quarks together to make protons and neutrons. Outside of the particles, it is considerably weaker, but still strong enough to bind simple elements, especially stable ones, like Noble Gases. Larger elements, beyond Lead , are mostly radioactive, as the Residual Strong Force is not strong enough to overcome the Electromagnetic Force pushing outer protons apart.
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Why do protagonists in TV shows primarily go with pistols?
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On top of what /u/notbobby125 said; Outside of military or special circumstance it's not common to just see someone walking around with a rifle. Law and Order would be strange if the detectives were getting coffee with rifles.Pistols are easier for the actors to handle, allow for a wider range of more dramatic shots, and obscure less of the overall frame when compared to rifles and full length shotguns.
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When your car stalls, what causes it to shake so violently?
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In the case of killing the engine while shifting, you're releasing the clutch quicker than the engine is spinning. Releasing the clutch puts more friction on the flywheel and crankshaft, meaning it's going to be harder to spin. The cylinders firing are usually using the piston to push on the crankshaft. If there's too much friction, it won't turn and and spin in a balanced movement. You end up with a few explosions that are out of balance and rattling the whole engine. The engine is several hundred pounds and connected to your frame, so the whole car shakes until the engine stops from not being able to turn the crankshaft at all. Also, with the clutch partially or fully released, the rough movement is transferred to the transmission. So you're getting uneven and slipping movement of all the gears down the line. This turns into a rough jerking motion from your drivetrain as well.The engine does not just stop, some cylinders are firing and others aren’t for a few seconds. The unbalanced firing shakes the engine and thus the car until all cylinders stop firing. Much of what makes a modern car drive smoothly is the design that goes into a balanced firing of the cylinders in the engine where the shock wave from each cylinder is balanced by another.
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Why do established writers/poets get to break the rules? (So-called "creative license")
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Because they are more guidelines than rules. These rules exist for a reason. Because over time writers have figured out that certain things work and certain other things don't work. By copying this behavior, you can then be somewhat successful. But really good writers will go beyond this. They will understand why the rules are rules, what makes them work in the first place. With that knowledge they can figure out ways they can break the rules, but in ways that will still work. They aren't just breaking the rules arbitrarily, and just breaking the rules in any random way won't work.
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how to constructively take criticism like an adult.
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It's a little unfortunate that most people seem to phrase criticism as a direct attack on someone. Maybe it's a limitation of the English language, but it can be difficult to take criticism as a non-offense. Instead, observe criticism as feedback on how to improve yourself. How to make yourself a better person. Criticism can provide clear and direct feedback how to be a better you than the you from yesterday. And that's the route to making yourself a better person - to not take things all at once, but instead make gradual improvements to induce a change over time. For example, if someone criticizes you for being late, perhaps it could lead you to taking the initiative for showing up early. Or if someone criticizes the quality of your work, take it as a sign to take more time and pride in your work to produce a better and more useful/enjoyable end product. So if someone criticizes you? Don't sweat it. They're only helping you to make you better.There is a book called "Thanks for the Feedback " that you should read. I used to be the worst feedback receiver. I would either shame myself or shame the person who gave me the feedback. This book helped me learn how to learn glean nuggets that I could use OR just accept not taking the feedback. It might help you. YMMV.
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Why do chickens Lay unfertalized eggs?
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Why do women keep ovulating even if they're not getting any sex?", 'So their eggs are not a product of the male and female genetic mixes unless a chicken and rooster mate prior to the egg. Chickens laying eggs is more of a bodily function that comes with the age of the chicken. So chickens would lay eggs no matter what. They lay fertalized eggs if the egg was fertalized prior to the formation of the egg. Unfertalized eggs are more analogous to human periods. Edit: clarified that chickens fertalize eggs with sex
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Is the energy used to run your body stored in cell themselves like water is? And how is the process of burning fat used to power your body?
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You know the meme that the "mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell". Well basically, the mitochondria produce a chemical called ATP. It uses the byproducts of the chemical reactions that break down carbohydrates, fats and proteins to make it. ATP then leaves the mitochondria and goes into the cell. From there, the cell uses this chemical for energy. Each ATP molecule had three molecules attached to it called phosphates. When you take one of the phosphates off the ATP molecule, this releases loads of energy which can be used to power all the things the cell needs to do.Depends on which cell. Most energy, like you've mentioned, is stored in the adipose cells. The liver also stores large amounts of sugars in the form of glycogen. Glycogen is also found in the skeletal muscles, but that glycogen is only used by the muscles, the liver is responsible for releasing usable glucose to the rest of the body via the bloodstream. Fat itself is just an energy dense molecule that the liver uses to rebuild its glycogen stores. It oxidizes the bonds between the hydrogen and carbon to create sugars which are then used to feed the rest of the body and use to rebuild glycogen stores.Once the glucose gets to the cells, insulin opens the gates and the glucose is allowed to go in. Once inside, glucose is converted into usable energy by the mitochondria in a process called oxidative phosphorylation .
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What is being dyslexic like?
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I knew a guy that was dyslexic in my math class and when they would give us problem sheets that we had to work on as a group, I would notice that sometimes he would flip the numbers unknowingly until I called him out on it. For example if the number was 123 he would write 213 without even noticing it or 3+5*8 would end up 3+8*5 it was pretty weird, but he seemed pretty normal.
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Why do people sleep better when it's cold but have an easier time waking up if it's warm?
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When it's cold, it's easier for your body and your brain to slow down which makes it easier for you to sleep. When it's warm, you have better blood circulation which means more oxygen getting to your brain so it can work better with less effort, which makes you feel more awake and alert sooner. ETA: Both ends of this have an upper limit, though. If it gets *way too cold* then you can't stay warm enough to keep your organs working right; that's what hypothermia is. If it gets way too *hot* then you get super dehydrated which slows down nerve impulses, this is heat stroke or heat exhaustion, and at a certain point your brain kinda starts to cook inside your skull. Extended exposure to either extreme means you eventually die because your brain stops being able to work and keep you alive.I could be wrong, because it's been awhile since I actually looked into this. However, your body is constantly generating and consuming energy. Energy is also heat. When your body lies dormant in a resting position, that energy is still being consumed, but is not being spent in a proactive way, since it's in a "resting" period. Because of this, your body will generate heat and become warmer. So keeping a colder temperate while you're asleep prevents the body from over-warming and sweating.
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why New York is the biggest market for sports in America
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* it is the largest city in the US* it was the largest city in the US when both professional sports and broadcast media emerged, and has deep traditions in both* it has a well defined city identity that overwhelms the surrounding cities * it is densely populated into a small area, which lots of people receiving the same broadcast media* it is near enough to other big sports markets to develop fierce rivalries', "NYC is the largest city in the country, by a wide margin. It's also one of the oldest, so it's had a long time to grow sports franchises.I would think sheer density of people, mutliple teams with in the same sport/ league, and revenue to get great coaches, players, and stadiums/ arenas.20 million people live in the NYC metropolitan area. That's 1 out of every 16 people in the country. That's 3 times as many people as the 9 counties that make up the San Francisco Bay Area , and they have 2 football teams, 2 baseball teams, a basketball team and a hockey team.
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Why is it that emotional distress causes the loss of apatite?
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One way of thinking about it by looking at Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: _URL_0_ While there is some debate, the current thinking is that you first need a sound psychological mind before you start fulfilling other needs. Eating and drinking comes under the 'Safety' tier of hierarchy. As such, if you are disturbed by a psychological issue, search as distress from a breakup, you won't naturally try to fulfill a higher tier of need until you've dealt with the lower tier.
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Where does the internet physically exist?
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I'm a sr network engineer and I asked this same question 15yrs ago lol. The internet physically exists in data centers that are connected via tier 1 & 2 internet service providers like verizon, global crossing, time warner, savvis, century link, etc etc. Most isp's own dark or dim fiber interconnecred all over the world, even on the bottom of oscean floor. There are over 10,000 isp's globally each have a unique Autonomous system and use bgp v4 to advertise ip subnets to each other. It was estimated that the internet consumes 2 percent of power grid. Data centers are where cloud services and basic websites reside. An example of a data center is IO data, amazon, google etc etc. Research bgp, mpls, dim fiber, tier 1, 2, 3 isp structure, dns, oscean fiber maps, ipv4, ipv6 and u should get a better understanding of the internet", 'It doesn't physically exist anywhere. It's called the **inter**net. It connects other networks. Now, there are backones, and cables, and server farms, and data centers, and one could argue that this is where the internet "is", but really, there's no such thing as The Internet. The internet is a series of other network. Any device that connects to it becomes part of it, so it's always changing, too.
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Why are genitals darker than the rest of their owner?
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Your genitals have more melanin, which protects against UV radiation. A long time ago, humans and their ancestors didn't wear clothes, so such sensitive parts did need more protection against the sun.How common is this? Mine is as pale as the rest of meAs other comments have mentioned, melanin is sun protection. That assumption about evolution is hardly the only connection though. The amino acids and enzyme pathways that are responsible for producing melanin are largely identical to those that produce the neurotransmitter of desire, dopamine. The dopaminergic parts of the brain are dark with melanin. One of the key regions of the brain for pleasure is named for its darkness from melanin, the substantia nigra.
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How can seedless watermelons continue to exist? Aren’t seeds needed for reproduction?
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It's the same thing g that happened with bananas! Bananas used to have a pit inside them that was the seed, but scientists genetically engineered the pit out of them decades ago. now, to grow any more bananas we need to genetically graft from one banana and grow it in a lab to get the banana trees. Same thing with seedless watermelon, essentially! Interesting stuff, huh?
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Why did Italian develope as a separate language from Latin,even though Latin continued to be spoken?.
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In the book You Are What You Speak, the author explains that until the nation building trend of the 1800s, language was a continuum as you moved through Italy, France, then Spain, the common person spoke a language that was decreasingly similar to the Latin spoke in Rome. If you picked any point along the way, the communities on either side of you would have been intelligible, but as you moved away in any direction it would have been harder and harder to understand. During the nation building phase, when France, Italy, and Spain defined their borders, the language spoken in the capital became what was accepted as French, Italian, and Spanish. There are still traces of the traditional languages around, like Provençal and Breton in France, and Catalan in Spain.
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why is there no better/portable partition format than FAT32?
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The big proprietary OS makers reluctant to include file systems other than their own unless they have to. The open source world can't really handle anything that requires royalties except as part of grey-market solutions. Makers of devices that accept removable media don't really like royalties much, but they are also very reluctant to introduce exotic requirements. FAT32 is still the least bad choice as a lowest common denominator.
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How does the transmission of electricity work?
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First thing first, electrons flow through metal wires because metal atoms share electrons with their neighbors, which means they're not really locked on to a particular atom. As long as there are enough electrons around the atom, it doesn't care where they're from or where they're going. That means they can flow, like water in a pipe. Next, if you push on an electron and force it close to another electron, the other electron will get pushed away. Same thing as pushing the wrong ends of a magnet together. You can push one magnet along with the other magnet. In fact, magnets are literally what generators use to push electrons through wires. You stick a magnet on the shaft of an engine, and run a wire near it. As the magnet whips past the wire, it pushes some electrons down the wire. Now the tricky bit. To transmit power, you don't need to wait for the electrons from the generator to reach you. The easiest way to explain that is with a stick. Hold the end of a stick. Use the stick to push something. See how fast the force of your hand reaches the thing you're pushing? You push on the end of the stick, and each bit of stick pushes on the next bit of stick until the force gets to the other end. The actual part of the stick you're holding doesn't move very fast, but the force moves *extremely* fast. Finally, in the same way that running a magnet past a wire will push electrons through it, moving electrons through a wire past a magnet will push on the magnet. So you put some wire near a magnet on the other end and you get? A motor. Now you've got a generator , some wire, and a motor. The generator is running the motor via the wires.
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What short term and long term effects can a male experience when kicked in the groin?
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In the short term, a great deal of pain. The genitals possess the second most dense area of nerve endings associated with pain , so getting hit in the groin is extraordinarily painful. If you are a female, you can imagine getting kicked dead-on the clitoris, for example. In the long term, you do have to worry about testicular torsion, collapsed veins/arteries, or even damage to the penile sponge . Although rare, though not unheard of in cases of men getting kicked in the groin, they can all cause permanent damage to reproductive health. Most of the time, they cause a lingering extreme pain that will fix itself within a day or two, but sometimes can require medical or even surgical correction.
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How did Japan find its huge trove of rare earth metals on Minami-Torishima?
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Despite the name, rare earth metals aren't particularly rare. You can take some random dirt and test it, and it will probably have some rare earth metals in it. On the other hand, it's going to be in absolutely minuscule amounts. Even in areas with high concentrations, rare earth mining has to be done by harvesting absolutely massive amounts of material, and processing it to extract the small amount of useful metals. It sounds like they located this particular type of mud based on research around thermal vents on the ocean floor. At least, that's what some quick reading on my part suggests. Based on that research, it sounds like they looked at several likely sites to find deposits, and they got lucky around this island.
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How can light act as both a wave and a particle?
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Light has properties we usually attribute to particles **and** properties we usually attribute to waves. In fact, this is true of *everything*, not just light. Light interferes and diffracts like a wave, but it carries momentum and hits things like a particle.
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Is the theory that we are inside some sort of simulation a plausible one? Are there any well worked-out views on the topic?
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It's plausible, I guess, in the sense that it could be true. If the simulation is good enough, we'd never notice. It's just as likely that I'm the only thing that actually exists in the universe and you are all just figments of my imagination or that entire universe is completely destroyed and recreated every other Tuesday and we are cloned and implanted with the memories of our past incarnations. That having been said, it makes no difference. We have no way of proving it one way or another so it doesn't really make a net effect on our lives. If you step off a curb in front of a bus, it's probably not going to matter to you wether it's a simulation or not. It definitely won't matter to the people squeegeeing you off the windshield.
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How do video games (or video game content) get leaked?
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Yep to the last bit. Its somebody down the line that gives it to the press/somebody they know for a favour or a good old fashioned wad of green when it comes to bigger titles.
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Why can't a US president just an Executive Order for everything they want done?
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An executive order is only capable of ordering something which the Executive Branch has the authority delegated by either the Constitution or act of Congress. This doesn't include just anything the President may want done. Any order must be supported by the relevant existing law. Technically speaking there is no explicit legal standing of executive orders, but rather they are a directive from the President which helps the administrators of the various departments to manage their duties. If they violate the order the consequences could be their removal from their position.Executive orders have limits and can be overturned by the courts. This is especially likely to happen if the Executive order is contrary to the legislative intent of CongressCongress passes laws saying what the federal gov't can do. The president issues executive orders that determine how those things get done. For example, congress passes a law saying, "here is a billion dollars we are going to set aside in case of natural disasters". A hurricane hits, and the president issues an executive order directing how the money is spent. If that law didn't exist, the president couldn't up an decide to use an executive order to spend that money. Conflict comes when a president and congress disagree on how that law should be interpreted. A president might decide that a heavy snow is a natural disaster, and use that money to build a road congress otherwise didn't approveAn executive order only has the authority to instruct agencies on how to execute existing law . They do not grant the ability for the President to craft new law or to order things outside of law.
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How can we "train" our bodies/tastebuds to handle spicy foods? Is it just getting used to the heat or are there actual chemical changes?
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You can train your body. More importantly your brain. Your body creates chemicals to battle the pain. It is why heat heads get a high from trying really hot foods. Endorphins and other brain goos in the brain are discharged more effectively if you eat spicy food more often. If you have problems with spicy foods start off with small changes. Overtime you'll find it much easier to kick up the spicy.A lot of cultures that eat spicy foods will also have some sort of dairy or other cooling component on the side. As an Indian I always had yogurt on the side and this would not only cool the palette but also the stomach. Over time the spice amount in the food increased and was able to tolerate it more and more, such that going to a restaurant with friends who never had eaten spicy food before were surprised at the tolerance level. Doing this would certainly help.I always thought that our taste buds dull as we grow older, so that's how we can handle more and more spicy food. I guess spicy foods also assist in the dulling process: _URL_0_
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what does it mean to be in escrow?
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If you and I make a bet, we both give our money to a friend we can trust. It helps make sure neither one of us backs out. The friend can be said to be holding the money in escrow. Escrow shows up with a number of important deals. It's difficult to force someone to transfer a house back, so a seller usually wants to be sure the money is secure before transferring the ownership to the buyer.
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what's going on with the stock markets?
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China is an economic bubble and everyone knows it. The question is will burst or will it slowly deflate. A bubble is when the value of something is over inflated. China said they were doing great, look at all those modern flats they were building, it turns out that the flats are too expensive for people to live in. Stock markets are tied to real companies. A bad stock market is an early indicator of job losses. A global economy means everything is interconnected. If you're doing business with a Chinese company its bad for you. If you're doing business with a business that does business with a Chinese company its bad for you. Job losses probably It's not something that you fix. It's more like you help it heal. Eventually, things will go back to normal. Some economists recommend that governments buy shares to make the fall softer or create infrastructure projects to employ the unemployed and buy materials from companies.> Rich people are losing money, but how does that affect low / middle income people? I used to work for Intuit. I still have a decent amount of stock with them from ESPP and 401K. _URL_0_ Look at the 1 month Chart. Its not only "Rich" people who are losing moneySo is it a good time to buy?
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Why is it okay for a business to discriminate based on age but not by race?
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Neither of your examples is age discrimination per the law. The [Age discrimination in Employment Act] only protects people aged 40 and over from employment related age discrimination. Your theme park isn't discriminating against age so much as childless adults, which isn't a protected class. Restaurants are not allowing 21 yo and younger in is probably tied to alcohol restrictions and not purely age related. Furthermore, since people under 40 aren't a protected class establishments are free to set a rule that bars them. It is important to note that age discrimination law was enacted separate from Civil Rights legislation and has a different and specific context where it may be used.
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Does the fact we can choose to believe that free will exists, prove that free will exists?
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Nope. It's a complex topic, but the idea is that choice is an illusion. You can "choose" to believe or not to believe. However, some would argue that your choice is a product of your life up to that point. You were basically destined to choose that way all along. I don't mean to say one side or the other is accurate. But to answer your question, no, it doesn't mean anything.
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I often hear people say the universe is young, but how do they know what's young in terms of universes?
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It means there's tons of negentropy left. That is, there's absurd quantities of usable energy left in the universe, and that much energy is going to take an astronomically long time to waste away even if nobody does anything to shepherd it. We have plenty of time.Young just means far from heat death in this context. Heat death being the theoretical end of the universe in which there is no energy left.
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How does a cricket ball "swing" and to what degree does the environment/weather/pitch play a role?
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You're right about shining one side of the ball to get it to swing. The reason being that the smooth side of the ball will travel through the air with less resistance than the rough side. So if one side is quicker through the air than the other, the ball will swing. **Enviroment** There's an old cricket adage that Yorkshire folk in England say about winning the toss at their home ground, Headingley, and they're wondering if to bat first or not. "Don't look down, look up!" What this means is 'don't worry about if the pitch looks good for batting or not, look to see if the sun is shining or if there's a cover of cloud.\' The experts are still undecided on what exactly causes this, humidity or cooler climate or air turbulence etc but a ball does usually swing more when there's a bit of cloud cover in the sky as opposed to a bright sun beating down.
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Why do spiders not get stuck to their own web?
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Basically, they tiptoe. They only come into contact with the webs a little bit at a time, use only the little hairs on each of their legs. Spiders can and do get stuck on their own web in gusts of wind or something huge disturbing the web.
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Why is it you get dizzy and lose vision momentarily when you stand up too quickly sometimes?
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That is called orthostatic hypotension: _URL_0_ When you stand up, the blood that was pooled in the lower parts of your body has to spread out farther in order to reach your extremities . Since there's less blood in your head, there's less oxygen, and you essentially start to lose consciousness.
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Why haven't any open widely supported vector video formats taken the place of Flash on the web?
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The only reason to have a vector format is to display media that originates in a vector format. Moreover, if you want to display anything more complicated than wireframe pictures, you need a ton of raster data to paint onto your wireframe. When you're writing a 3d video game, it makes sense because the installation came with all the raster data you'll need for the game and the game itself has to render the information dynamically. But when you're just trying to show funny cat videos, transmitting all that unique raster data is essentially the same as sending it in a conventional format - and that's if, for some unknown reason, your funny cat video was originally rendered in a vector format. Which, unless it's CGI, it wasn't.
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Why did people first milk cows/goats?
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I'm not sure we know for certain, but I would surmise that knowing our children suckle on our teats, and their children suckle on their teats, we quickly worked out we might gain food by taking their milk, and that this food is renewable.
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How does audio get transmitted over a specific frequency or waves? (AKA Radio)
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Radio waves have two ways of being transmitted: AM and FM . The way a radio wave is created is by electrons running up and down radio towers. This is what creates the electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic waves have a special property because it creates an electric field in one direction, and a magnetic field in the perpendicular direction. This is very handy, because these two fields actually reinforce each other, meaning unlike the rope in the analogy, it will actually be able to continue through the air for huge distances. FM radio means the frequency of the wave is changed to create the data being sent. This means that when creating the wave, the electron moves up and down the same amount every time, it just varies how fast it moves. AM radio means that the electron moves at a constant speed, but the height it goes up and down the tower is varied. This actually is why AM is often a much weaker signal, because changing the amplitude at times makes the signal much smaller, while FM radio is consistently the same strength. So to answer your question - the way the frequency is determined is simply how fast this electron moves. The exact same audio signal can be sent in different frequencies because while the way the electron moves to create the data may be the same, the actual relative speed in which in moves determines what radio channel you need to tune into to receive the signal. Also interesting to note is when you tune into your radio you see the channel represented as kHz, MHz or GHz. This means kila-hertz, mega-hertz and giga-hertz. A hertz quite simply is how many cycles per second is being created by the signal. So if you tune into 91.5 Mhz , you are tuning into the radio frequency that oscillates at 91.5 million hertz per second, where the signal is created through frequency modulation :)
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Why does iced coffee taste so good, but cold hot coffee tastes terrible?
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When you prepare coffee to be iced, you prepare it stronger than normal. That way, you can brew it hot, and then when you dilute it with lots of ice it winds up the proper strength. If you drink that hot iced coffee preparation before adding ice, you'll find that it's overpoweringly strong. If you ice a cup of hot coffee, you've diluted it much more, and you have a watery drink. Like when you let the ice melt in a soda.Your sense of taste is sensitive to cold. Coffee *smells* wonderful but tastes bitter for people, taste is as much about smell as it is about what your tongue reports. With hot coffee you get the full flavor experience because your tongue has an easy time detecting all the little bitter things that taste bad. With cold coffee, your tongue is not noticing a lot of the bad flavors, but your nose is still reporting on all the good flavors it is picking up, so you get a different balance reported to your brain. You can think of chilling foods as the opposite of having a stuffy nose.
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Do people with disabilities in US go to regular schools like movies make it seem? If so, why?
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In the US we call it "inclusion" or "mainstreaming" and the idea is that a student should be in the most "mainstream" environment in which they can be successful. There are schools for the blind and deaf as well as schools for those with other major physical or mental handicaps but the goal is to include them when possible in the gen-pop Students with special needs in a mainstream environment often have accommodations made for them in general classrooms or take certain courses in a resource room with a specialist. This is the goal anyway. source, I'm a teacherAt least in the US, some people with disabilities don't *want* to be sent to their own special schools. Being sent there implies that you're not normal, and can't attend the same kind of school as "normal" peopleThere are special schools for major disabilities, such as blindness or deafness. There are also special schools for mental handicaps or in many situations special classrooms inside a normal school for such students.
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the difference between a Lawyer and a Solicitor (Australia)
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A lawyer is the general term. All solicitors are lawyers. In Australia, a lawyer can loosely be one of two main types. A solicitor or a barrister. A barrister is the one in robes and wigs who stands up and talks in court. They're specialists at running a trial, convincing judges and juries, examining evidence. A solicitor doesn't normally stand up in court. Solicitors usually prepare documents or negotiate the legal parts of business deals, or writes letters or legal advice for clients. Traditionally, barristers wouldn't deal with clients directly. They 'd talk to solicitors and the solicitors would talk to the client - if the client needed to go to court, the solicitor would find a barrister and "brief" them. However, I said loosely. Technically, if you 've been certified as a lawyer in Australia, you can work as a solicitor or a barrister as you like . Also, as a barrister you can do solicitors work or talk directly to clients if you want. In practice though, most barristers still do barrister work only and solicitors do solicitor work only.
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How can Luxembourg have an insane national debt and not crumble?
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Debt per capita doesn't matter very much--what matters is the debt as a percentage of GDP, the size of the economy. After all, wealthy countries can afford to pay more than poor countries even if they have a lower population. Nevertheless, Luxembourg's external debt as a percentage of GDP is also high. This because "external" debt includes both public and private debt. Luxembourg has a very large financial sector which holds most of that debt. It's not *net* assets; all the debts those banks and corporations there hold is counted, but not the assets they have to counterbalance them. Luxembourg's *public* debt is only 18.4% of GDP , which is very low compared to most Western countries.
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Why do we skip a number when two (or more) things are tied for the same rank?
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We skip a number because it doesn't matter if there are 2 tied for first or there is a first and a second, the next one is the 3rd best -- because there are 2 ahead in the ranking. It's the number of people/cities, etc. ahead, not the number of unique scores that matter.
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The surge of violence in Chicago
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A combination of reasons. High unemployment, A mass amount of organized crime due to drug running, a corrupt local government, an oblivious federal government, high population density and an extremely strict gun control policy. That's the extremely, extremely, short version.
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Rural/Tribal people and their perfectly white teeth.
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They do not have the luxury of eating or drinking sweet things often. This prevents a lot of tooth decay.The reason most people in the industrialized world have teeth problems is because of sugar. We consume pounds and pounds of sugar a year which eats away at our enamel which make them yellow and tarnished. These people have almost no access to sugar that isn't naturally occurring, and thus is only consumed in much much smaller amounts.
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Why is it better to sometimes cover a wound and other times leave it exposed
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First Aid Instructor here: all wounds: wash then cover. leaving a wound open leaves it open to infection. covering not only stops infections but bleeding as well. direct pressure helps.With the exception of minor scrapes and papercuts, wounds should *always* be covered initially. Covering the wound keeps it moist, promoting better skin healing and faster healing, as well as greatly lessening the chances of infection. A balanced moist environment allows good bacteria to function to prevent infection and encourage healing cells to cover the wound with new skin. There's an old wives' tale that says you should leave wounds exposed to scab over, but doing so significantly increases the odds of infection and also leads to greater scarring. Only after the wound is healed enough to make infection unlikely should you leave it undressed, as at that point, it will complete the healing process faster exposed to air.
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Where does surplus electricity go?
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In a general sense, unused load is wasted. In a practical sense, unused load is often stored in a number of ways, such as mechanically in a fly wheel or chemically through any number of processes, such as hydrogen production. Occasionally, this extra power is delivered to something like a distillation plant, to produce clean water, for example. These sources can usually be passed back into a generator to produce power when required. It isn't 'wasted', it just isn't use for what we typically use power for. It'll be diverted into something vaguely useful, or it is lost.
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How do they determine the nutrition facts of a food product? (like total fat, protein, calories
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How many grams if protein are present? Etc. And calories are determined by measuring how much energy the serving will give off using a calorimeter.
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what does it mean on a watch when it says Quartz?
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It means that it has a quartz crystal regulating the movement via the piezoelectric properties of the crystal. If you pass an electric current through quartz, it changes shape; and when it changes shape, it generates a current. Using carefully tuned crystals, a very precise frequency can be assured. By counting the beats of the crystal, a very close approximation of a second can be calculated with very low power consumption.It means that it's using the vibrations of a quartz crystal with electricity running through it to measure time. It's more accurate than the mechanical systems that older clocks used.
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Why do butter and margarine cook so differently despite tasting very similar?
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Leaving aside the fact that I don't agree with butter tasting similar to margarine: Butter has milk solids in it, along with other organic compounds that undergo caramelization while also being a fat that allows for the heat transfer so that the food gets crispy. In your example, the butter AND the bread carmelize. Margarine is whipped vegetable oil and water with some flavor compounds and a few other chemicals that allow for a smooth emulsion. Your sogginess is coming from the water in cheap margarine. For a better margarine experience, only buy stuff that says "100% vegetable oil", and spread a THIN layer on your bread, before grilling. Also, use butter, you heathen', "DID YOU JUST SAY BUTTER AND MARGARINE TASTE VERY SIMILAR ? Butter is pure milk, you can make it yourself by just putting milk in a mixer. I don't think you could make margarine at home, because it's chemically processed and comes from oil, not milk.They do not taste similar at all. But the reason that they cook differently is that they are different things. Margarine is created from vegetable oil, and various flavoring agents and stabilizers to imitate the look and texture of butter. Butter is the solids from milk. They are fundamentally different things so cook differently.
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What seperates oceans? Why do we have 5 of them and not one that contains all of them?
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Two things; 1) land masses and, 2) water currents. Since technically all oceans are connected it is ocean currents that really separate the oceans from each other. Other than that it's just imaginary lines drawn by people on a map a long time ago.
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Vacuums, not the machine, the actual process of a vacuum and is the vacuum of space a true vacuum?
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A vacuum is simply an area where no 'stuff' is present. Certain parts of space are vacuums because there is nothing there. No stuff. No matter. Things do not simply fly out into vacuums like a vacuum cleaner pulls things in. What is happening if you have seen things fly out into space is that the pressure is compromised and the air rapidly expands into the surroundings. So forcefully, it pulls you and anything else with it. This is because a vacuum has no air pressure by definition, and because of diffusion it is sucked out. The end of the straw thing works because of the cohesive, and adhesive properties of water, along with the straw being so narrow. Cohesion - The water molecules stick to each other. Adhesion - The water molecules stick to the surroundings . By plugging one end, you are creating a 'near vacuum' , and because the water / soda sticks to itself and the sides, and no air pressure to push it out, it sticks. Hope I helped you out.
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How do inkjet laser printers, and other printers, work?
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Printers that use plain paper as a medium tend to print in one of two ways: 1. Ink is stored as a liquid. To print, the container uses an electric current to vaporize a tiny amount of ink, creating a pressure difference, causing it to eject from the print head. 2. Ink is stored as a powder. To print, a laser beam, projects an image of the page to be printed onto an electrically charged rotating drum. Photoconductivity allows charge to leak away from the areas exposed to light. Powdered ink particles are then electrostatically picked up by the drum's charged areas, which have not been exposed to the laser beam. The drum then prints the image onto paper by direct contact and heat, which fuses the ink to the paper. The difference between the two methods is color reproduction and image accuracy. Laser printers tend to produce sharper text/images while inkjets tend to produce more vibrant colors. [Inkjets] [Laser Printers]
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why can I sometimes feel my pulse really strongly in a random part of my body?
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There are a lot of reasons for feeling your pulse or heartbeat. 1st of all you should get a basic checkup with your doctor.Many people can become more aware of their heartbeat at nighttime because it's quieter around them and they focus on it. Other causes are vast including high blood pressure, narrowing in you blood vessel from cholesterol/inflammation build-up called carotid stenosis, anything that can cause turbulent blood flow in the blood vessel near your ear . One of the most dangerous things is called a carotid dissection where the blood vessel in your neck can spontaneously tear. Also, people that have irregular heart rhythms can feel their pulse sometimes.The feet pulsations are most likely spasms and I would make sure you are not dehydrated and electrolytes are ok. Often times this can be seen in people who have poor circulation to the legs or have neuropathy which is basically unhealthy nerves .Feel better and get checked out! Edit: for the follow-up questions 1) Heartbeat is sometimes used interchangeably with pulse. Your heart is basically a big muscle whose job it is to pump blood filled with nutrients to the rest of the body. Pulse is, in a simplified way, a measurement of feeling your heartbeat or heart pumping blood through your blood vessels. So when you feel your pulse in your neck that is basically a reaction to your heart pumping in a synchronized fashion. Anything that can make your heart pump more vigorously can make you perceive a stronger pulse or hear your pulse including by your ear. 2) people with the above medical issues listed may both describe either feeling a stronger pulse that they normally don't notice and/or hearing their pulse. 3) yes, stress and anxiety can increase your heart rate and cause a person to perceive a pulse they didn't notice before or feel a stronger pulse 4) I want to let you guys know that most of the time it is nothing dangerous and usually just from a person perceiving their pulse when they are in a quiet environment and can focus more on it.
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How come when traveling on roads with pay tolls, vehicles with more axels have to pay significantly more for the toll?
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Heavier vehicles, which have more axels, are harder on the roads. Tolls, which are used in part to keep the roads in good repair, reflect the additional wear and tear of multi-axeled vehicles[Trucks are exponentially worse on the roads than cars.]
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because my English teacher can't. What are the main differences between absurdism and existentialism?
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Simple version from a theatrical perspective: Existentialists: Life has no meaning, so we must create it ourselves. Absurdists: Life has no meaning, and that's hilarious.
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What do people do with their money while serving life in prison?
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Someone on the outside with access to his accounts can give him a good bit to spend in the commissary, most likely but I doubt he'll need millions for that kind of stuff. Pretty sure his assets will go to next-of-kin or something by default, but surely they sit and talk with a lawyer upon being put in jail to sort all of that out. I'm more curious about what happens to your bills and such. If you're in jail, who takes care of your house? Your pets? Your bills? All of that? If you have no one, do they send someone to your house to clear out your fridge and such to make sure that it's not some kind of health hazard and your animals get sent somewhere so they don't die? Like, seriously. If you own your house , does it just sit there with no one to watch it, or do you some how lose ownership over it if you're in prison for too long?", 'He will likely be sued by his victims in civil court for the wrongful death, so he will lose much of the money he has.
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Why do actors & actresses in popular movies and tv shows seem like the perfect choices?
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You feel that way now, but when casting the role, the people were staring down the fact that this was the dad from Malcolm in the Middle. Now, as it happens, in that case the creator of the show had worked with him prior to that on an X-Files episode and new the range. It's very easy to miscast a role, but there are throngs of people weighing in to try and make sure it doesn't happen. With TV shows, there's a merging of talent where you cast the star and then start to write to the star's strengths. This is why shows like Buffy have very different takes on characters in the first half of the first season vs the third or fourth season.
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How do different types of exercise trigger different types of muscle growth? i.e Marathon runner vs. bodybuilder
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Muscles have three different types of cells or fibers . One fiber type helps lift more weight but it fatigues easier. Another type cannot lift as much weight but it has a lot of mitochondria so it can sustain exercise for a lot longer. The third is an intermediate fiber between these two. The first two fiber types are non transformable. This means that the fiber types you are born with stay with you. The intermediate type is transformable which explains how a power lifter could become a little better at high rep work or a runner could increase strength. The intermediate fiber type senses the demand your body is placing on it and transforms to one of the other two fiber types depending on the demand. When you run, the intermediate fiber will sense that the muscle is not efficient enough so it will become an endurance muscle. Vice versa for weight lifting.So your muscles have fast-twitch fibers and slow-twitch fibers. The fast twitch fibers are used for sudden bursts of power over short duration, like sprinting 100 meters or doing a low rep-high weight lifting routine. Your slow twitch muscle fibers are used for more endurance based activities like running a marathon or doing low weight-high rep lifting.
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Why did the government bail out automakers instead of granting vouchers to people that could be redeemed for a car?
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France did this a few years ago. In 2009, a new president steps in, gives great financial incentives for people to scrap their old car buy a new car. Everyone is happy. Except that a year or two later, everyone still has a new-ish car, and nobody is interested in buying one now at normal market prices, so the car industry crashes. It's an offshoot of the broken window fallacy. If you break a window and pay someone to repair it, you think you're creating a job for the repairman, when actually you're just making a loophole where you lose your window and your money.A few reasons. First they wanted to help US automakers not all automakers. Second vouchers would have spread the return out over at least a year. Finally it would have collapsed the second hand market which may very well have caused more problems than it solved.
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Why are characters on kids shows these days always "collecting" things along the way - like stars, doubloons, Super Letters?
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I wouldn't say teach, I'd say reenforce collecting and getting all the toys, products, etc involved. Adding in collecting coins also makes it more video game like . The core of many of these show is to be a giant ad for the merchandise. Its not as blatant as GIJoe and Transformers in the 80s but its still a part of the overall concept of the product.Pokemon set a strong precedent that if your characters are collecting collectable things, you can build a very lucrative merchandising branch into your media franchise by making those collectible items available to fans of the show.
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How can some terminally ill people just "hold off" death until they're ready?
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With a lot of diseases, your body become so weak that breathing is difficult, and can at teams require a conscious effort. You even have minor attacks, were you have to breath as hard as you can for a while just to stay alive. At some point, you might choose to not make that effort anymore. Also, you can make choices about the type of treatment you receive. Curative treatment is about fighting disease and extending life. Palliative care is about relieving suffering without attempting to cure. A patient holding on for some event might endure more pain with curative treatment, then switch to palliative care after. Finally, there is some selection bias here. People are less likely to tell the story of the family member who died two days before the grand final vacationpossibly when they stop trying to fight off whatever could be a cause of death? Such as someone who has to force every breath without medical equipment, just stops trying and they accept that their time has come.Luck? Coincidence? Fate? Whatever you're comfortable with believing, I guess.
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How can my dry cleaner sweep my shirts into a huge pile of other peoples shirts and get them back to me?
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HA.. Something I can answer as i have working knowledge of the system that have been used in different companies. Source: My parents work shoe repair and do a delivery route with dry cleaners. Going on 30 years now. In the older mom-pop, if you watch quickly, what they will do is not so much dump them, as fold it as on giant pile with a ticket that has a number corresponding to the number of shirts down into the pile. If you look, you might see a common system [like this]. there are two numbers there, the large easy read one tells you how many pieces in the pile, while the smaller one is to identify the order. One tag is put into the pile, while one tag is attached to the customers main invoice. So, Top shirt is tagged with a 6, Count 6 shirts down, and that is all one customer. Pants and other items are generally individually tagged as there are less of them. before they go into the wash, each shirt is then later tagged with what ever system the place uses to match to the master customer ticket. In newer/modern places, they enter the number of items in the computer, and the printer spits out the corresponding number of barecode labels. These labels are specially designed to withstand the washing processThey give you a ticket, the put a corresponding ticket on a button or button hole. Match number to clothing, boom.
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What would happen if I was travelling close to the speed of light and I turned on a flashlight?
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No, to an outside observer the light will be coming out at the speed of light. To you, the light will also be coming out at the speed of light. To all observers, light in a vacuum will always be at c. This observation is one of the major components to relativity. It's needed to explain the 'apparent' discrepancy between your observation, and the outsider observer's. To them, you are going .5c and light is going c, so light is outrunning you by .5c. But to you, light is outrunning you by c.
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Why do humans and animals get different diseases and why is some diseases impossible to be transmitted between humans and other animals?
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Diseases can be caused by a lot of different things. A disease is any sort of specific problem with the health of an organism. Many diseases involve aging - degenerative disc disease in humans, for example, is caused by wear and tear on the spine . You can see why this can't be transmitted to your dog, or a tree. Other diseases involve biological agents, like bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, and prions. Some of these affect many different types of organisms, others are very specific. Bacteria, fungi, and parasites are living things, themselves. They need to eat, stay hydrated, etc. Many of them have really narrow environments they can survive in, so only plants and animals with bodies that fit those requirements can be hosts. All the while, complex organisms like humans have really complicated immune systems. Their immune systems constantly seek and destroy invading foreign bodies and infections. Some are better at fighting against different types of infections than others, and some infectious diseases are better at fooling certain types of immune systems. It's like an arm's race, with countermeasures being developed all of the time. Viruses are really specific. They target really specific cells, and use those cells to make copies of themselves. This process is very specific. Did I say specific? Some different animals share these specific cellular vulnerabilities, but not all. Prions are like viruses, but more scary. They're "bad copies" of proteins.
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What does it mean to eat unhealthy/healthy?
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> What type of impact does good/bad food have on me. Does it just mean I will feel shittier, or will it make me 50% statistically more likely to die 10 years earlier. Both of these. Eating certain foods will make you feel better or worse, more tired or energetic. It also directly impacts your life expectancy, the guy who eats "healthy" food will tend to live longer then the guy who eats unhealthy food. The specifics are impossible to say though, since each person handles things differently and there is a wide range of "healthy" and "unhealthy" foods. We can't possibly tell you how much it takes to influence you, but in general most foods that aren't poisoned aren't going to change your life if you have them uncommonly, like once a month, McDonalds included. It seems pretty clear that eating a lot of sugary candy or really fatty food all the time is bad for you. On the other hand, eating a wide variety of fresh vegetables is almost certainly a good thing. Everything else is somewhere between these two, depending on current research, moderation, how you prepare it, and the actual amount of it you eat.
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How come we can see things so vividly in our dreams but can't create such vivid images in our imaginations when we're awake?
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Because our dreams are *not* that vivid. They leave out tons of information, and when we wake and try to recall the dream, our brain fills in gaps with information that wasn't even there during the real dream.
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What exactly happens when somebody is "knocked out"?
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It kind of is. Being "knocked out" is essentially having so much trauma done that your brain shuts down all unnecessary actions/faculties in order to protect itself. Such as if you pass out due to pain, or get knocked out by a hit to the chin. You normally wake up a little bit later, dazed and confused. Other times, it's that so much trauma has been done that the brain to shut down to heal itself. This is more often the case with a coma, where the brain shuts down, dedicates itself to healing and with this, it's more hit and miss whether you wake up because your brain may not be able to heal itself, but it may not realize it, or it might just not be able to wake up.
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How was the computer invented?
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It started slowly. People noticed you could design an electric circuit to answer a simple question. I'm not even talking about things like addition or subtraction yet - just things like "is one of these on" or "are both of these on". Then people started combining these small steps into bigger ones to answer bigger questions. Then they combined *those* circuits to make even bigger ones for more complex questions. By combining small parts like this, over time they worked their way up to things like addition and subtraction, the same way you learned to add and subtract through small steps in school. Eventually, people figured out how to design circuits to perform just about any calculation they wanted, just by combining smaller parts. But then Alan Turing came around, and things got *interesting*. He realized that the question "what would this circuit do" is, *itself*, a question that can be answered with a series of simple steps. So he designed a circuit to answer *that* question. Now that we have Turing's circuit, we don't need to build new circuits for every question any more. We just imagine the circuit we want, and ask Turing's machine what it would do. And that's why computers are sometimes referred to as "Turing Machines".
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what in the audio jack’s design makes the iPhone more prone to water damage than the lightning port?
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> But there are other orifices on smartphones, too. Whenever you have a port in a container such as a smartphone the efforts to secure it against water intrusion are going to have a certain rate of failure. Whatever the rate is the fewer ports the lower the risk to the device as a whole. Obviously they can't get rid of the lightning port but if lightning can do everything the 3.5 mm audio jack can do then removing it would be expected to lower rates of water damage. Note that this holds true regardless of if the audio port is any easier to secure against water or not. I think there are more compelling arguments in favor of the move though. For example the lightning port has the potential to provide superior sound quality compared to a normal audio jack. Why? The lightning port can provide external power to connected devices by drawing from the internal battery. This can power amplifiers and various audio processing hardware in the connected devices, as well as things like active noise cancelation which would otherwise require power storage integrated into the devices themselves at the cost of increased weight, the cost of complexity, and the need to charge more devices. Obviously something like USB-C might be an even better solution but the lightning cable has been around for four years now while USB-C is still picking up steam.
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why planets are spherical AND why saturn has a ring
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Spherical planets: gravity is a radial force, which means that it pulls equally in all directions, and the strength only depends on how far away you are. We say that it is "spherically symmetric". Now, for a small object like an asteroid, it may be that the mass is small enough that the force of gravity can't move stuff around very much, so it just sits there in a misshapen lump; the pieces are stuck together and the gravity isn't strong enough to break it up and move it around. For a *planet*, though, there is so much mass, which means such a strong pull from gravity, that it can overcome the friction and other "internal forces" holding the stuff in place, so all of the stuff gets spread out into a sphere. Saturn's Rings:We aren't really sure, but the most likely explanation is that Saturn used to have a moon there. Because of the way it was positioned relative to the planet, it eventually got close enough that tidal forces ripped it apart. That is to say, the difference in the pull of gravity from Saturn on the near side was sufficiently larger than the pull of gravity on the far side that the moon wasn't able to stick together. This may also have been aided by an asteroid impact.
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In Mario64, what caused the glitches where if you leaned against certain walls in just the right way, you would fall through them to a strange abstract polygonal purgatory?
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Collision detection bugs. Most of these had to be done with machine-assists or 'wedging', as the angles required to cause the glitch were quite precise. The strange polygon effects are the result of trying to render to an infinite distance.
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why is desalination so expensive?
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For two reasons, energy and time. It can be quick but takes a lot of energy, and usually isn't worth it unless water is badly needed. Or it can consume very little energy, but takes a very long time to get the same amount of water ", 'While you can distill water like that to purify it, it takes a long time and in no way can produce a reasonable amount of fresh water for a community. In order to produce a reasonable amount of fresh water, desalination plants typically use processes such as vacuum distillation or reverse osmosis, both which require energy to operate.
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How can a Circle have an infinite amount of points, that together and individually, hold no space, yet they create a finite enclosure?
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Because you are thinking about a circle and a point as physical objects, rather than mathematical *concepts*. Naturally if you *draw* a circle and then draw a dot, a finite number of the dots you draw will fit in the circle you draw. But the *mathematical* concept means the points have no size - they are merely the location on your coordinate system. Let's say you're using Cartesian coordinates . Now let's say you select a point, and say that point is at location . Does that point have a "size"? No - it's merely a location. And you can make that point "smaller" by saying it's at . Even smaller? . And you can add an infinite number of decimals to that.think of a piece of rope. it has a very finite size. i can hold it in my hand i can touch the two ends of the rope together and form a circle. i can put it on a piece of paper and paint the area inside with a very finite amount of paint. but, i can also take that rope and cut it in half. then i can take that piece and cut that in half. and i can cut that in half, and i can keep cutting and cutting and i will never run out of little halves to cut. but i still never have more rope than i started with - it's just in billions and billions of tiny pieces. so you see that finite things can be made up of lots and lots little things. this is the basis of calculus. we can add up infinitely many small simple objects to give us a final, complicated but finite answer.
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What happens when you swallow something "down the wrong tube?"
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We have 2 tubes, one for food *and* drinking and one for breathing . They share one entrance at the back of our mouth, though. We have a flap called the "epiglottis" that folds over the trachea when we swallow, so that food slides down the "right tube" that leads into our stomach. If we're talking, drunk, or something else is affecting our muscle strength, the epiglottis doesn't do its job and what we swallow can go down into the trachea. Our body knows that only air should go down there, so it makes us cough to try to get it out of the trachea. If it keeps going down, it can give us an infection in the lungs or even choke us to death, if it's a big piece of something.
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why when I turn my music up to the max volume, say on my phone, its all distorted.
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It's the speakers. In order to make sounds, the speaker has to move back and forth *extremely* quickly, up to 20 thousand times a second for the highest tones that humans can hear. To make the sound louder, the speaker has to move a greater distance at the same rate, so that more air gets pushed out of the way. In order to cover that larger distance in the same amount of time, your speaker has to move faster. You often will just end up hitting the physical limit of what your speaker is capable of when you push the volume too high, which you hear as a "tinny" sort of distortion. I could go into why it's that tinny nails-on-chalkboard type of distortion in particular, but that's not super important and is really technical. The other problem is that when you have loud sounds, it can cause other parts of the headphones/speaker to vibrate when they're not supposed to, which is obviously undesirable. This is especially an issue with heavy bass.
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Why are so many people allergic to peanuts and tree nuts.
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They aren't, but doctors told them they were, so you can't get mad at them. A recent study found that around 80% of the people diagnosed with peanut allergies were actually allergic to pollen and not peanuts. This misdiagnosis was due to a lack of precision in common testing regimens. Link to relevant article: _URL_0_", '_URL_1_ TL;DR: Peanuts contain unique proteins and are usually roasted making them even more foreign to our immune system Maybe, no one really knows
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Why are computers so inaccurate at estimating download/installation times?
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Because internet download and upload speeds are constantly fluctuating due to different loads on the network, so there's no way to know for sure how long a download will take. If these speeds were constant then it would be easy.Internet speed is not constant. It can be 100Mb/s, 5mb/s in each second, even stop for 1 or 2 seconds. Imagine a car going a 100 mile road. if you always go at 100miles/hour you can say from the beggining "I will take an hour doing this trip". But if theres traffic going at 10m/h for the first 5 minutes, then stops for 10 minutes, then restarts at 15m/h you cant tell for sure how long you will take. Quickly: Internet speed is not constant, it changes very rapidly and in a large range of speeds.
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What is Descartes's **Wax Argument** about?
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so you have a piece of wax. How do you know it's wax? simple - you see it and it looks all hard and shit like wax, you feel it and it's kinda cold and bendable, you smell it and it's all waxy smelling, you taste it and it tastes like crayons. but hold up, let's say that some fire comes and is all "IMA FUCK UP YOUR WAX BIATCH" and it melts the wax. now it doesn't look all hard and shit anymore, it's not cold and bendable, smells more burnt up, and you taste it and fuck up your tongue. All the stuff that made you know it was wax before have all changed. so HOLD UP that means it's not the same piece of wax? HELL NO, THAT BITCH CAN MELT ALL IT WANTS, IT\'S STILL THE SAME PIECE OF WAX! descartes then says, in french, WTF MAN, THE SENSES ARE PUSSIES. I CAN\'T TRUST THEM FOR SHIT! WAX CHANGES COMPLETELY, MY SENSES SEE COMPLETELY DIFFERENT THINGS, BUT I STILL KNOW IT\'S WAX! so he concludes that you know something is something because of your mind and judgement, not because of your senses. He also says that the senses can't be trustedDescartes says that the senses, taste, touch, smell and so on, aren't trustworthy. . So how do you know for sure that you exist? You know because you're thinking about it . It doesn't mean that your body exists; that could all be an illusion created by the senses. But it proves that your mind exists, if nothing else does. He uses the example of a piece of melting wax to show how the senses can be fooled.
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Why are Tony Blair and George W Bush not in prison for war crimes?
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I cannot say for Tony Blair beyond the fact that going after a countries leader is a very complicated thing. For Bush it is the fact that the US has not signed the ICC agreements and gives no authority to the UN or any other entity for putting US citizens on trial for war crimes. We hold our own accountable and if there is suspicion of war crimes we conduct our own investigation, hold our own trials, and then punish the guilty on our own. With Bush we do not see any crimes having been committed. It should also be noted that our official stance on the ICC arresting any US citizens for war crimes is an act of war that will trigger their liberation with the use of whatever force is necessary.
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Why do some people think Shakespeare was a made up person/alter ego?
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The plays contain detailed knowledge of court manners, foreign locations and references to historical facts as well as familiarity with earlier playwrights. The facts known about William Shakespeare suggest he was an actor, not that well educated, did not frequent the social circles where he would pick up that kind of detailed information. The dichotomy between the known facts about the man and the sophistication of the works leads to questions whether someone else actually wrote the plays
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Why does cleaning your ears out feel so good?
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It is very sensitive in your ear canal and, as we learn during puberty, touching sensitive things feels good.
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Why call it a 3rd party and not a 2nd party?
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Because it is the 3rd party. The first two being the user and the developer and the third being the external product.The second party is you, the consumer. A third party is someone who's neither the buyer nor the seller.
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Why are device designations in BSD different from Linux?
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Because BSD is not Linux and Linux is not BSD. The designers of the respective kernels and their device driver interfaces made some design decisions. While the resulting device designations are similar, they are not the same because BSD and Linux kernels were developed by different people.
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Why people who do meth look so messed up from their before and after pictures?
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Meth is made from many chemicals that are toxic to the body. Imagine dumping toxins into your body daily that harm your body and damage it. Eventually the body is going to be worn down from all the damage. Also you start becoming addicted to meth because it releases such pleasure that ones body starts wanting it more than things that it needs such as food, water, shelter, and rest. By not having the things the body needs and by injecting such a large amount of toxins into ones body the amount of damage that is done is increased exponentially. The sores and black marks are caused because one who uses large amounts of meth usually experience hallucinations and delusions. You will experience this feeling like bugs crawling on your skin or underneath it. So the user picks at the skin creating these black marks and sores. Source: Rehab
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Why hasn't there been another moon landing since Apollo 11?
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As reference - _URL_0_ We have been back since Apollo 11 the last one was Apollo 17. But otherwise? Because the Moon is a god forsaken hell hole with no value what so ever. There's no reason to be up there, its a giant pain in the ass to get there and Moon Dust is the most abrasive and annoying stuff we've ever found.
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Why do some bodybuilders claim to be "All Natural" while they consume crazy amounts of supplements?
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By "all natrual" they are usually referring to stuff like steroids and injections ect which are considered cheating. Drinking protein shakes and taking supplements is considered a normal thing to do if you're a body builder. They don't do the work for you or make it easier. They just help you build muscle faster and maintain itWhen they claim to be "all natural", that's code speech for saying they don't take anabolic steroids, or Human growth hormone. Arnold Schwartzannegger admitted to taking steroids. Your body won't naturally develop muscles like [this] under \'natural\' conditions. Protein shakes and vitamin supplements are for more favorable nutrition. If you can drink 1200 calories in protein-rich shakes a day, that means you don't have to eat 1200 calories of protein-rich food, which can be challenging and expensive to maintain.
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