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What is the physiology behind a sunburn?
When ultraviolet radiation hits your skin, the DNA inside your cells is damaged. The damaged DNA could cause mutations and possibly cancer. Rather than risk cancer, your body just kills the cells, preventing them from multiplying. That is why the skin gets red and painful.
My breath constantly smells awfully, yet I brush my teeth well every day. Sometimes it smells even just after brushing. Why's that?
Here's a list of reasons for bad breath: _URL_0_ The basic answer is that there are reasons for bad breath that have nothing to do with your teeth.
Why do schools past Elementary/Primary use a period system instead of having one teacher?
The material you learn in elementary school is extremely basic. Due to its relative simplicity, one teacher is able to thoroughly understand and teach a number of subjects without any problems. When you get to sixth or seventh grade , the material is a bit tougher. Obviously, it's still extraordinarily simple compared ...
How is a digital currency created?
Ars just posted an article on this topic today: [Behold Arscoin, our own custom cryptocurrency!].
Can an astronaut in space stop himself from spinning with his own movements?
Yes, there is a excellent explanation on on the youtube channel [smarter every day]. It involves extending and retracting legs/arms at the right time while bending the middle of the body.
Why is the Euro stronger than the U.S. Dollar?
Short answer, it isn't. When the EUR was created, it was designed to have an initial value of US$1.16. Today its value is US$1.17. So it is basically worth exactly as many US Dollars as it was when created.
Do dogs understand that puppies they have are actually THEIRS or just instinctively take care of young puppies?
* No, they don't understand that it is theirs. Not on a conscious level anyway. They are not thinking about their puppies. * They may be able to distinguish their puppies from others based on prior familiarity or attributes like scent but it is possible to trick them in this regard. This is about instinct, their nose s...
Why do some roads sound different than others?
it's a combination of how hard it is and the texture of its surface. age can affect both, especially with different environmental factors in different areas
How exactly does a liver work?
The liver has many cells that contain certain enzymes and proteins that breakdown and detoxify anything you ingest. To avoid eating poisonous materials, the liver has developed multiple enzymes and proteins to bind to said chemicals. The liver also helps metabolize any fat you ingest and creates cholesterol for you cel...
the reddit spam filter.
Apparently this is a closely guarded secret by Reddit owners/admins. But from what I can tell, once you've gotten a post removed for being something that some moderator doesn't like, or once you've made a comment/post that a bunch of folks don't like, and then post a link in a comment right afterwards, you're at risk f...
How can data be stored electronically on USBs and such without needing power to maintain it?
Basically this type of memory traps electrons if they want to save a 1 and release them of they want to save a 0. These electrons normally have nowhere to go, so they stay trapped for a long time, and if you read it after a while the electron is still trapped in there so it is still read as a one. And that is also why ...
Why my food **never** heats evenly inside a microwave.
Semi off topic question here. Do microwaves leak or anything the older they get? I'm always worried about radiation and such. Is there a standard number of years before getting a new one or waiting out its death?", 'Put your food on the edge of the spinning plate, not in the middle.
Why do we use tires filled with air? Why don't we used solid tires?
We did once. They made for really rough rides Inflated tires are shock absorbing and give a much smoother rideLess material for one reason. Another is for energy absorption.
When picking up a prescription at a pharmacy and you have to wait 20-30 minutes for it to ready, what are they doing during that time?
Checking with your doctor that the prescription is valid. Checking the dosage instructions for sanity. Checking other medications you are taking for interactions that could hurt or kill you. Checking that your insurance will cover the medication. Counting the pills. Recounting the pills. Having a second tech triple-cou...
Why does most people's hair collr change to grey or white as they age?
It doesn't it goes to "no color at all" but it turns out if you arrange a bunch of hair sized colorless filaments one on top of another they appear white. Apparently there are only actually two hair colors, brown and red. "black headed" is tons of both, blonde is actually just a small amount of brown and lots of light ...
Why don't web browsers offer a "reader" option like safari does in Apple iOS?
Because, weirdly enough, other browsers are for people than know how to install extensions and don't rely on Apple to give it to them on silver platter.
Presidential pardoning powers. What is their extent and what was the reasoning behind originally granting US Presidents such powers?
> For a political system that places so much emphasis on separating the Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches While they're clearly defined & separate *powers*, the idea of checks & balances *between* the branches of government is a fundamental principle of US government. Every branch has the ability to override...
I overheard my parents talking about a 504. I looked it up and it seems to be for people with learning disabilities. What exactly does it mean?
It, normally, isn't a big deal. I have ADD and it really screwed me over in high school. So once I was diagnosed I got a 504 plan. It really helped in the end. Teachers, some not all, are more sympathetic and willing to work with you on homework, tests, and the information in general.
What is happening in my stomach when I get 'butterflies' from being nervous/scared/excited?
Plenty of answers to choose from with a quick search, but here's the one I thought was the best ELI5: > When people get scared, their bodies are prepared to run away from the danger. Blood rushes away from parts of our body to parts that are needed to help them run away from the danger. Stomach is an example, because w...
Why do atoms clump together to make nuggets of gold, graphite, sulfur, and so on?
After a supernova occurs, the various elements form vast gas clouds . Regions of higher density have higher gravity and thus attract gas from around them. Particles that are close to the centre of one of these high density regions, or with low angular momentum, are absorbed into a growing proto-star that once it become...
What are flys doing when just darting around the middle of the room?
They are looking for food/water/someone to reproduce with. There is nothing more to it. They are not smart enough to know that they are flying around the middle of the room, they are just flying around mostly aimlessly until they stumble upon something delicious or sexyAll flying insects use the sun for navigation, in ...
What is the BBB (Better Business Bureau) and does it actually do anything useful?
One problem with the BBB is that a company can be really bad, but as long as they resolve problems, you will never know. I would rather deal with a company that doesn't cause problems than one that fixes the problems they cause; you can not get that information from the BBB. They are also a private organization, so if ...
Why does boiling water freeze quicker than cold water ?
This is called the Mpemba effect, and science has no idea why it happens. We do have some theories, though! Here are some of them. - Hot water evaporates quickly, and evaporation causes rapid cooling , and when you put a rapidly evaporating liquid in a cold environment, it's going to get very cold very fast. Scientists...
Does your car engine use the same amount of fuel running at the same RPM in different gears?
No. Fuel input is related to energy output. Pushing the car through the air at 30 takes more force and more fuel than pushing it through the air at 50. The RPM might be about the same, but the torque, power output and therefore power input, is much greater. A more interesting question is, does the car use more fuel in ...
How does a wind turbine convert wind to energy?
Basically the same way any other mechanical generator works. You've got mechanical energy in the form of rotation . They all work on largely the same principle - you move a magnet around a wire which creates an electron flow. The actual mechanism is pretty much the same, just the rotation source and amount of electrici...
Could someone explain to my 5 year old why there are halos around our streetlights at night?
Night is colder than day, thus humidity is denser and light refracts through the water in the airTake your kid out on a cold night, with a flashlight. Cold enought to make your breath nice and steamy. Now point the flashlight up and give it a nice warm "hooot", notice you can see the "smoke" from your mouth. Same thing...
How is it that western powers were able to wipe out Nazi ideology after ww2 but they can't do the same with radical Islamic ideology?
I 'd say the Marshall Plan was one of the best tools against it. Marshall recognized a destroyed Europe was a "breeding ground for hate" and so the allies, especially the US, financed rebuilding Europe. After the Irak and Afghanistan wars too little was done to help stabilize the regions, allowing radicals to use the p...
What's that dark swirly stuff in the Milky Way, as seen from Earth?
Those are clouds of dust, "interstellar clouds", sometimes "molecular clouds" depending on what's in them. They're basically just regions where the interstellar dust is *denser*. They're still nearly vacuum, but compared to other areas they have more gas of varying composition around. Some of these are stellar nurserie...
Why are news and culture websites phasing out comment sections, is it because of how toxic internet culture has become?
"We value our listeners above all and are always keen to know what you're thinking, to hear your questions and concerns, to get feedback on what you like and dislike. So why shut down the comment section? As we hear more from listeners through Facebook and Twitter and directly through our website, we 've concluded that...
Why do my testicles have a very distinctive smell when they sweat?
Two reasons, trousers and sweat. You see, you're balls are all about keeping cool enough to ensure the sperm inside stays at optimal fertility temperature at all times. The thing is, we dress for our core temperature, not our fertility temperature, in this our body will do what tens of thousands of years of evolution h...
how comes despite being the most successful horror series to date, Saw only manages an average 28% rating on Rotten Tomatoes?
Success does not mean quality. A lot of critics dislike saw for having unbelievable characters, an uninteresting story, and the entire appeal of the film being "torture porn".
The "18 Year Pause" in the Climate Change debate
Talked to an acquaintance who works with climate science a few months ago and asked him about this. He said the "18 year pause" is misinformation. Opponents of global warming cherry picked an abnormally hot year and used it as a baseline to further their agenda. The better method is to look at trends over time, thus av...
How do you know that certain animals (snakes, birds, lizards, tarantulas, etc) are expressing genuine compassion for their owner(s)?
Not really an answer, but just a funny story I remembered while reading the question A girl I knew wanted to get a snake, I can't remember which one, but a big one She had this blanket on the floor that she often would lay on while watching TV and sometimes when the snake was out of it's terrarium it would stretch out ...
Why do people send wedding invitations to the President?
Mostly so that they get a reply from the White House. It's nice to have an official card congratulating you, even if it is a no. Of course, Heads of State usually don't accept the invitation, but it's [not totally unheard of].
What is the "Wide Color Gamut" RGB space and how is it different from the "Millions of colors" we hear about?
Any set of primary colors creates what is called a color gamut. It's the range of colors you can make by mixing the primary ones. For just about every electronic display, there are colors in the visible spectrum that just can't be accurately reproduced due to this. This is particularly problematic when you are working ...
Why can't we turn DisplayOut ports on a laptop to DisplayIn ports?
Those exact ports have been wired for one-way use because that's what the market is most willing to pay for. But you *certainly can* have a port on a laptop that lets other devices share their display. This can be done in software over a network, or with software support over a USB port. Here's one example. _URL_0_
How reliable are sites like speedtest?
Speedtest is meant for you to gauge your absolute maximum download speed, not evidence of traffic shaping. The servers Speedtest defaults to are chosen through proximity and routing to maximize your speed, so yes, this would be a bad tool to use for your use case. On a side note, if you want a guaranteed internet speed...
How do morning after pills work?
They prevent an egg from becoming embedded in the wall of the womb. This means that even if the egg gets fertilised, it will come straight out with the next periodPlan B works by either preventing the egg from coming out, or by preventing sperm from meeting egg. Some argue that it may also prevent implantation, but tha...
What causes audio and video tracks to fall out of 'sync' with each other during recordings? Why can't computers/devices just play them back at the same time?
The biggest cause would be using a different sample rate than standard. For example, standard frame rate for a video is 24 fps. Standard audio rate for a video is 48,000 samples per second . This way, you have exactly 2,000 samples per frame. If you use a different sample rate, like 44,100 samples per second you wind u...
How angel investing and venture capital works
Angel investors are generally investing *their own money* in an organization, whereas a venture capital firm is investing *other people's money*, money that other people have invested in the venture capital fund. As such, venture capitalists tend to have more money to invest, and therefore *do* typically invest more mo...
The complete story of Kingdom Hearts.
Oh goodness. Ill try to get on tomorrow and help out. I've been waiting years for this moment. edit: [THIS] is my WIP. im in school but will update as soon as possible.
If I persuaded someone to commit suicide and the police found out. Could they charge me with anything?
Please don't convince someone to commit suicide. Instead, recommend them the U.S. Suicide hotline # 1-800-273-8255 - Open 24/7", 'Yes, depending on your level of involvement it could be considered murder, assisted suicide, or some form of bullying.If there isn't such a charge defined in the criminal statutes for your j...
Why is it easier to balance something on your finger when it's rotating (like balancing a spinning basketball on your finger) compared to when it is stationary?
Top comment from march 2015 when this was asked: Every object keeps continuing its movement until there is an opposing force preventing that motion. When the basketball is spinning, the spinning is force in motion, which keeps its resisting change to its position. When you put a ball to spin, it attains energy to resis...
Why do pirates still exist?
If you mean software pirates - because software, music, movies, TV costs money and is available online. If you mean actual pirates - because we still ship almost everything with boats, and the cargo of a ship can be worth billions.Pirates still exist because they have always existed. The idea of a pirate is simple: peo...
What are the "ports" that make machines, hardware and software, vulnerable to malicious attack?
Well ports are a specific thing, and they aren't inherently secure or insecure. A port is, you might say, like the mailboxes in an apartment building. The machine might be running 5 different services so how do you send a message to the right system on the machine? You bind it to a specific port and tell traffic for th...
How did people not get radiation poisoning when drinking from glasses made of Uranium?
That glass is not "made from" uranium, it's "made **with**" uranium. The glass has a small amount of uranium in it. And yes, it's radioactive, but not at a level that would kill you immediately. There was quite a fad for radioactive glass and such, and it's possible that it caused some cancers over time, but the amount...
Why can't hackers or somebody erase student loan debt?
Banks hire very very good programmers and security experts to set up defences and monitor security. For the vast majority of people with the skills to break into these systems they are better off just getting a job working for a bank or Microsoft or the government then to pull stunts like wiping out debt. If someone wa...
how do companies know when you have called within the given amount of time after a commercial to receive the special deal?
The simple answer: They Don't. If it is a national ad campaign, they really have no way to know, especially if the ad is played in all the time-zones, on various stations. It is just an advertising gimmick; create a false deadline and people don't take time to think.
how does microwave "crispy" cardboard work?
The little piece of cardboard is lined with a metallic material called a "susceptor". Normally, microwave ovens shoot the food with microwave radiation, exciting the molecules in the food and making it hot. What a susceptor does is absorb some of the microwave radiation and convert it to direct heat. This makes the sma...
How did we archive the understanding of atomic and molecular proceses (and even their existence) without being able to see at that scale, even with microscopes?
First, you guess. Then produce a way to test the theory. Like making a microscope. Then once you have tested your theory, other scientists review it and say 'ok, that works', or 'you gotta be kidding me, try again'.
Why do sodas taste different if I get them from a restaurant or gas station soda machine than getting one in a bottle or can?
Bottled stuff is mixed at the factory using only filtered water and at the right ratio. It's their business to get those two things right so they check it constantly and adjust as needed. I believe they typically use reverse osmosis filtering and then add in salt to get the right flavor of water . The machines at resta...
Can someone explain the trade deal that Obama is trying to push through? What is it, and why do a lot of democrats not like it?
Trans Pacific Partnership is a large corp sponsored bill. With most of its negotiations and contents being kept secret. If that doesn't already make you feel strange. Its job on top of Pacific Free Trade is international Copy Right and Piracy Laws. It forces each signer to recognize a lot of international over site whe...
Why do guys' physical strength decrease after they ejaculate?
It doesn't. It seems like it does, because we prefer to relax afterwards. Most men experience a refractory period immediately after having an orgasm, during which it is hard to achieve another erection/ejaculation. It feels like a deep and pleasurable sense of tingling felt in the groin and thighs. We still feel strong...
what is happening in my brain when I'm trying to fight off sleep while doing something then something startles me and suddenly I'm totally alert
I believe its a rudimentary response, like the Moro Reflex which is displayed when infants are attempting to sleep. When they are just starting to nod off, they are easily startled. When they are well asleep, practically no noise can wake them. Source: I'm a new mother, having noticed that in our newborn.
How do people that remove their genital organs pee?
Women already have a hole and not a hose, so the people you reference would pee like a woman, more or less. Dab, don't wipe.
When someone makes a weld, why are there sometimes colors that show up on the weld itself? What do they mean?
The colors you are seeing are the metal tempering at different temperatures. If you heat iron to a certain degree, it actually changes color. Then you can "set" that color by cooling the metal to room temp. Colors for steel range from straw-purple if I recall correctly. So you get the rainbow effect because a weld caus...
Can we "bottle" greenhouse gases and send them to Mars?
That would be, to put it mildly, incredibly inefficient. Also probably counterproductive considering how much rocket fuel you'd need to burn to do it.
If TV Shows make the bulk of their money through syndication, why not let all TV shows reach 100 episodes?
If it has low ratings in early episodes, that means nobody's watching it. Why get struggle to 100 episodes then syndicate where even less people will watch it?
Why does uranium glass glow green under a black light?
Do you know how a laser works? It's pretty similar to that. Take an atom. Adding the correct kind of energy causes the electrons to get excited and those excited electrons move to a higher orbit. Those electrons don't want to be in the higher orbit, though - they like it better where they were. To get back to that poin...
How do colour-changing markers work?
Chew a blackberry and spit a little in the sink, you'll see it's purple. Bite off a bit of Arm & Hammer , and spit again, now it's a blackish colour. This is an example of how colours can be changed by adding another chemical. Pens are the same, with different chemicals mixing and producing different colours where they...
Why do we get goosebumps when we hear a really good song?
This is what I found because I too was very curious and did not want to wait for an answer . [frisson]Autonomous sensory meridian response is a euphoric experience characterized by a static-like or tingling sensation on the skin that typically begins on the scalp and moves down the back of the neck and upper spine, pre...
Socrates arguments for the immortality of the soul and the cycle of opposites argument
The ELI5 is that we assume that the soul is the opposite of the body, and since the body is mortal, the soul is not mortal. As for why he would just assume that the soul is the opposite of the body, I think the relative looseness of his reasoning probably had something to do with his plans for the following day.Hey Im ...
What are the problems with unions?
The problem is that humans are humans, regardless of whether they are on the employer side or employee side. And, as we all know, humans have a tendency to take whatever spoils they have the leverage to take, regardless of the larger effects to the system. Now, usually the employer has the leverage advantage over the e...
How do manufacturers make pure white paint?
White paint is generally made with a chemical called Titanium Dioxide. Its used because it is [very white] and cheapAlthough ice is clear, snow is white. When you powder a clear material, it tends to reflect light in all directions regardless of color, which is what we see as white. As /u/life_b4_death mentioned, many ...
Why is my nose remain stuffy even though I just blew my nose?
Because it's not just the snot stuffing your nose but also the inner lining of your nose swelling up with blood and blocking the airway. Decongestants work by blocking the blood vessels in the nose to stop the swelling.
The difference between single-payer healthcare and Medicare for all
Single Payer Healthcare means all health care costs are paid by one entity, like the provincial government in Canada. That entity may get its money from other sources . It doesn't have to be the provincial government, it could be the Federal, it could be one for profit health insurance provider, it could be Bill Gates....
How is it that we can sometimes 'fall back' into a dream after we've already woken up?
Consider that sometimes you remember your dreams and sometimes you don't. Usually, when you do remember them, you are not done dreaming for that night . As you go back to sleep, your you pick up the REM-sleep again. Maybe it is just the easiest way to do this by getting back to the same dream as before you woke up. But...
What is the "Phenomenology of Being" by Heidegger
Okay so there are five ideas: Das Sein , Das Nichts , Dasein-geworfenheit , eigentlickheit , and being-unto-death. It basically says that we are here because we are here However, in this world, we are not just beings , we are a being in the process of becoming . Therefore, being is actually just the process of becoming...
Skeletal formulas of chemical compounds and how to read them.
Assuming you already know basic chemistry, skeletal formulas are pretty simple. Basically, because organic compounds have so many carbon and hydrogen atoms in them, we are abbreviating them to make the important structures more obvious. Every line represents a C-C bond. Each vertex represents a carbon atom, plus any hy...
How come lying in one position causes pressure ulcers but wearing corsets does not?
Pressure ulcers are caused by the lack of blood flow in a spot getting pressure. This is what bed sores are, and why people in bed for long periods of time need to be shifted regularly. In the case of a corset, the person is getting pressure, but it's evenly distributed, and also the person is awake, allowing for limit...
How do capacitive and resistive touch screens work?
A resistive touchscreen depresses when you touch it. You can feel it doing so on older phones, as new ones generally have capacitive touch. When the top layer of the display is pressed down, it causes the depressed layer to come in contact with the layer below. Those two layers have horisontal and vertical lines of ele...
How do Venus fly traps work, what “senses” the prey?
They have little hairs on the inside. The insect touches these and the trap closes. Has to touch the hairs three times to close, this stops the trap eating a leaf or something that has fallen insideThey have sensory hairs or triggers on the leaves of the “mouth” I guess you can say that sense when prey is in the trapTh...
Why would a TV network ever air episodes out of order?
It's because of the way tv shows are aired. There is a great example in the show firefly Firefly was aired out of order. The actual, intended order provided a smooth introduction of characters, it makes more sense chronologically, and provides better background. However, in the first run on tv the bank job was shown fi...
How exactly does recording and playing back sound work?
Sound is pressure waves in the air. You use a microphone that contains a gadget that converts those pressure changes to electric current. Now typically this is very little current because sound does not contain all that much energy to begin with, so you send it through an amplifier. At this point you record the shape o...
How do lakes work?
PARTIAL EXPLANATION: for your second question, a puddle has much less water therefore can evaporate do to heat much quicker than a whole body of water which the deeper it is the easier it is to keep it very if not cold at leastA few of your questions can be answered by understanding the [water cycle]. This is the natur...
What would happen if I individually printed and released a huge amount of cash into a country's economy?
$100m? Nothing. The GDP of the US is about $17 trillion. $100m is a drop in the bucket.
What is the significance of being able to slow or stop light?
If you're not a pure-research scientist, there's absolutely none. It's really important to remember that it's *quite impossible* to "slow or stop light." Yes, I know, you read about somebody doing that on the Internet. But you were misled. Light cannot be slowed or stopped. It's just possible to construct materials thr...
How did civilisations deal with human waste before the invention of sewage systems?
It's worth noting that Humans has sewage and sanitation for thousands of years. That said, it really depends on the civilisation and population size. With a small population it's not really a big deal. **That** said, there were any civilisations and cultures where the answer to that question is "Badly". As in "Toss it ...
How did colonists communicate/negotiate with newly discovered people without translators?
Sorry, I don't know other than *pointing at rock* "R-O-CK". Although, fun fact:Kangaroos are named as such because British settlers asked the aborigines what these weird bouncing things were and they replied with "Kangaroo" it means "I don't know what you're saying.
Why are 'Zeros' or 'X-Intercepts' also called roots in a polynomial function?
The roots of the example equation you gave are -3,2 & 3. This means that if you simplify the equation to its most basic form , the equation is =0
what will happen if you talk to your infant/toddler exclusiey like an adult (i.e. Not using baby-talk)?
Friend of mine did this. Mothers a deadbeat so he's raising his son. Always talked to him like he's a real adult human being but with simplified explanations to account for his less complex comprehension. He explains everything carefully & quite in depth. Always answers his questions. Even through the "why" phase. Dude...
Can egg-laying animals (everything from insects to reptiles, etc.) have miscarriages? If so, what would that even mean, and how did we ever find out about it?
Yes. These are when the egg is fertilized but fails to hatch. You find out about it when you find an egg that has a partially developed embryo in it. That would have been something common when everyone raised chickensYes, they can lay a fertilized egg that fails to develop and hatch. This is not rareEggs that are hatch...
Why and how do Vine Snakes lock their head unmobile?
They use their muscles. It is so they can continue to look at whatever they are looking at while a tree branch they are in is swaying since they can't move their eyes independently from their heads. Face forward and then turn your body to the side without moving your head. It is like that.
Why are sidewalks divided into squares? Wouldn't it be faster to pour long blocks of concrete instead?
Those 'cracks' between the squares are for structural relief - so the concrete/cement can expand and contract without cracking for real
Why is watching a campfire or fireplace burn so relaxing?
Since fire seems to have been developed by our ancestors at least a million years ago, before they were even human - *homo erectus* was thought to have had fire - the experience certainly goes deep with us. A campfire was a deterrent to predators who would otherwise sneak in and snatch people. Fear of fire is an even d...
Game of Thrones/Song of Ice and Fire
The plot is so complicated with so many characters and back stories, it would be too confusing trying to explain . However, I will try a brief one: Imagine a middle earth type setting, but with less mythical creatures. Some supernatural elements are present but it mainly focuses on the characters and their schemes to o...
in very warm climates how does tap water stay cold?
tap water is not temperature controlled but because the water pipes are buried, they aren't as affected by amibient temps
why does beer make us pee so often.
Alcohol reduces the production of a hormone called vasopressin which tells the kidneys to reabsorb water as opposed to allowing it to pass into the bladder. Alcohol strongly increases the production of urine to the point that for every unit of alcohol consumed urine production will be increased ten times that amount. B...
The purpose for cracking the pager code in The Wire.
It's been a while since I watched the show but I can hypothesize. To get a warrant to tap the phone of a drug dealer the cops have to show probable cause to a judge that the phone in question is being used to commit a crime. The info being sent to the pagers is not the phone number of the drug dealer. So having the pag...
When people do colorations of old black and white pictures, does one shade of grey correspond to one color?
No, its mostly just guess work. Things like historic locations, or uniforms we have a reference for, otherwise its just what the artist thinks looks right. It isnt just done with some kind of colorizing function, its really a lot like a children's coloring book, they just fill in what looks best.
Do bug brains work on only impulses or are they like computer programs? How does an insect brain function differently from a mammal brain?
Computer programs work on impulses too so I'm not sure what you are trying to ask. It sounds like you may have invented some separate classification in which complex systems are fundamentally different from simple ones, when in fact they operate on the same principles. Insect brains are smaller and less complex than ma...
Why don't they put covers/grates on jet engines so birds don't fly in them
Any covers strong enough and with a tight enough mesh to actually protect against damage that the engines can't already handle would be very heavy and very restrictive of airflow. The fuel efficiency, thrust, and cargo restrictions they would give you - never mind the R & D, testing, manufacture, and installation costs...
Do wireless headphones reduce sound quality?
Think of it like the telephone game. For wired and wireless, you have your source that knows the music. It tells the next person, who tells the next person, who tells the next person, who finally tells the speaker what to say. Less people means it's easier to win! When you take a signal from wired to wireless, you have...
The relevancy of the British Monarchy
I'm not a royalist but I have a few ideas why they're a good thing: They aren't necessary in government, the Queen mostly lets the government get on with their own thing. They are de facto ambassadors for the UK and spend their lives acting as a bridge between the UK and other nations. Other nations accept them more re...
Where did the custom of football commentators, especially Spanish speaking ones, dragging out the "o" in goal come from?
If you are going to yell a one-syllable word for a long time because you're HAAAAPPYYYYYYYYYYYYYY, you have three choices in spanish: ¡GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGOL! which makes you sound like you have a stutter. ¡GOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOL! which makes the word sound long and nice ¡GOLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL! which sounds awful. Yelling ...
How do streets without traffic lights work? How do people not constantly get into wrecks?
There is a town in Holland, Drachten, where they REMOVED all traffic lights and traffic signs. The city planners thought that people would be a lot more careful if they didn't know what car or bike or pedestrian was going to come from where and whether it would stop or not. And they were right! Cars started driving way...
If crumple zones in cars are safer than rigid frames then why do race-cars have rigid frames?
It's inaccurate to say that crumple zones are always safer than rigid frames -- it depends very much based on the type of collision and the position of the passengers. In a racecar, the type of collision and the position of the passenger is pretty consistent -- the driver is strapped in like an astronaut. It's been det...
If anonymous is just an idea, then what are these social media accounts and websites.
Groups that loosely identify with the ideas behind anonymous and band together to act upon those ideas and/or people who like Guy Fawkes masks.
How is the Criterion Collection able to restore movies that are 50 plus years old to Blu Ray quality?
35mm film still has more detail contained on it than any digital camera can capture. It captures far more texture and nuance, this is why some directors still use "real" film. This is comparable to the old records vs. digital format debate in audio recordings. Celluloid film does have a tendency to break down and degra...
How can siblings look so drastically different?
Actually they don't. A human and a rhinoceros look drastically different. Every human being looks very much like every other human being. Siblings even more so. The difference is that we are trained to pick up on the minute differences in faces and body types to identify each other. We do it more in our close groups to...