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how Americans are okay with insanity they call insurance companies
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There is. Pretty much everyone hates the insurance companies. But half of us don't think that any of the proposed alternatives would actually be any better. Also, for the majority of Americans the healthcare system is actually quite good, despite what you see on reddit. Quality care is available without significant delay, and the billing/insurance process, while completely absurd and a huge pain to deal with, doesn't actually cost what reddit seems to think it does. Regardless of what the bill may say, nobody is actually paying half a million dollars for a sprained ankle. Or an emergency brain surgery.We trust the government less. We do not believe they can handle things without massive loss of money and too much red tape.
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Why does electricity conduct better through different materials?
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In a metal the electrons 'float' in a sea around the nuclei, they are not bound to a specific atom. In wood each electron is mostly bound to a specific nuclei. The flow of electricity depends on how free the electrons are to move around.
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Why is it advised to cut down on salt when one is bodybuilding?
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Someone can feel free to correct me, but I believe this is due to the osmosis of the water in our body. With too much salt, the water in your body will retain more making you look bloated. Potassium helps this, because then you will have more potassium for the sodium potassium pump. So the salt or sodium will be removed from the body', "The only thing I've heard about salt is that, in general, salt increases water retention, so the more salt you eat, the more water you'll retain, which won't look as good when you're cutting.
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How are acids named? (Chemistry)
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It's a combination of systematic naming and what's always been done. If it's an organic acid, that is, it has a carboxylic acid group in it attached to some number of other carbon groups, it is named based on the IUPAC naming scheme, for which wikipedia is probably your best explanation. Examples of organic acids you might know are ethanoic acid aka acetic acid aka vinegar, or butanoic acid which is present and lends its distinctive smell to both vomit and parmesan cheese. As for mineral acids, they're generally called something which makes some sense based on what they're made of, but there isn't a general rule. HNO3 is Nitric Acid, and it's formed from a Nitrate group and a hydrogen, and HClO2 is chlorous acid as it's formed from a chlorate group. Then you go and get hydrochloric acid, HCl, with just breaks the pattern altogether.
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Rhythmic modes in Medieval music
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I could be mistaken, as I'm not overly familiar with older forms of music theory, but I thought medieval rhythmic modes were just the first attempt in history to denote rhythm *in the written form*. Prior to the advent of medieval rhythmic modes sheet music contained pitch information, but the rhythm of any particular piece would have to be learned by observing another person play the piece. Modern sheet music conveys similar information to a player, although through different methods, most notably with the use of beamed notes and time signatures. If my impression of medieval rhythmic modes is mistaken please advise me, as I'm always interested in an opportunity to learn more music theory. If you're looking for an explanation of how to *read* medieval rhythmic modes I'm sorry I can't be of more help but with the exception of historical research I'm not too sure why it would be useful to learn how to read medieval rhythmic modes in the first place. Modern sheet music is more than adequate, and the vast majority of work from that time has been transcribed to modern sheet music.
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How did 'John/Jane Doe' become the generic name for an unidentifiable person?
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In English law before the 19th century, there was a lot of emphasis placed on very technical matters. This often led to the real issue not nicely fitting in a standard lawsuit form. For instance, if you had a dispute with someone about who owned a piece of land, you couldn't really sue them directly to argue that . Instead, you would pretend like you had leased the land to a friend, who would then sue them as though they were a trespasser. That way, you wouldn't have to deal with the technical parts of the formal challenge-a-title claims. Over time, people stopped having *real* people for these fake leases; they would make up a fake person who they had given a fake lease, and who would sue another fake person which the real defendant had given a different fake lease to. The plaintiff's fake person was called John Doe; the defendant's was Richard Roe. It was a legal fiction to get around stupidly technical rules. Those rules have since been changed to put more emphasis on what happened and less emphasis on technicalities, but the names stuck as placeholders in legal actions . And from there, it developed into a more general placeholder.
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When upside down, how are you still able to swallow.
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Peristalsis. That is the name for the contraction of myscles that forces food along its path. It is what allows you to eat upside down and what allows astronauts to eat in 0 g. Incidently, not all animals have it. Birds dont, which is why they tip their head up when swallowimg and why we can't take birds into space.Muscles. Gravity just helps the food along the way. If you only used gravity, then if the food got stuck it would stay there. Air pressure also helps, and if the food is small enough that counteracts gravity. There is a reason why you burp ;-)
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How do ad networks work?
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Ad networks generally have agreements with a lot of popular websites. The ad network pays the sites to place their ads, and vendors pay the ad networks to display their ads in those spots. When / if you click on one of those ads it brings you to the vendor's website. The ad network tracks where you saw the ad, when you clicked on it, and where you went. If you actually purchase a product after that, it is called a "conversion". Ad networks often use a "pay per click" business model as well, where the vendor will pay the ad network for every ad click. In other words, they are paying the ad network just to get people to click on the ads thereby visiting the vendor's site. More traffic to the site means more chances for sales to be made.
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What determines if you are burning fat, muscles or calories?
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I assume you meant > What determines if you are burning fat, protein, or carbohydrates? It is dependent on a number of factors, the type of exertion does not matter. Running or weight lifting alone do not determine which energy source your body uses. As I think you meant to say, there are three energy reservoirs our body can use: fat, protein and carbohydrates. Generally speaking you have three states, resting, moderate and heavy. Resting is sitting on the couch or sleeping. Moderate is walking up the stairs, hiking, lifting weights. Heavy is sprinting, marathon running and such. For a average person, your body burns carbohydrates the vast majority of the time, and almost never protein, regardless of your activity level. There is always some small level of fat being burned as well. At a moderate level, you burn a higher percentage of fat than at rest or at a high activity level, but because you burn more calories overall at a high activity level, you don't burn more fat at a moderate level. This is why those fat burning zones are actually BS. An average person will burn through their carbohydrate sources fairly quickly, so the body will switch over to fat burning. Fat has a higher energy density than carbohydrates, that's why we store a lot of fat and very little sugar. Athletes have been shown to almost instantly switch to fat burning during activity. Your body will burn protein only if you are starving. TL/DR; Your activity level and duration determine what your body is using for energy
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Why are you ordered to register as sex offender if you are peeing in public? There is no sexual matter involved in peeing.
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There is no sexual component in peeing, no. But there is a sexual component in purposely showing your genitals to other members of the public. The thing is, it can be very hard to gauge the motive someone had when they were peeing in public. Were they genuinely desperate and couldn't wait, or are they peeing there because they are pretty much getting off on having any sort of excuse for getting their dicks out in public? Some jurisdictions take a very cautious approach and make all people caught peeing in public register.
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Why do you bite your tongue, cheek or lip while chewing?
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We use our tongue and cheek to position and rotate the food between our teeth. When we push a piece of food the wrong way or overestimate the amount of force needed to position the food, we bite ourselves. Chewing wouldn't work so well if we were just chomping up and down letting the food fall where it may!", 'I think it is just by accident. Think about how many hundreds of thousands of times you make a single chewing motion in your life time. Even though it is very "automatic" we are humans and prone to human error. Although in this case the error rate is just extremely small.
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How did we develop all this advanced technology in less than 300 years when it took us hundreds of thousands just to learn how to farm?
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The major catalyst was the industrial revolution in the late 18th and early 19th century. Political stability and the ability to efficiently produce food were contributing causes to the industrial revolution happening.Technology is a multiplier, not an adder. In other words, if you wanted to add a long list of numbers before the earliest computers, you had to divide it up and send it out to many, many people to do it by hand . Total person-hours, let's say, is 100 for this list of numbers. Then early computers come along, and one person in about an hour can make a deck of punch cards that add all the numbers. Then they need a slice of time on the computer, they have to organize that with whoever controls access, taking some of that person's time, there's a bunch of upkeep for the computer , etc. Total person hours dedicated to your job: maybe 5. Now you can write a simple command on the linux command line that sucks in your list and spits out the result, total effort, few seconds if you're already familiar with the command line. Let's say you're not familiar with it, though. So you invest a few minutes to learn how to do it, reading doc or whatever. Now you know. So maybe it took you only 10 minutes. But wait every time you ever need to do that work or anything similar, you can do it in a few seconds, so spread over your entire life , the total amount of time for this particular task might be much less. The result is the same, you have a total. The work required to get there is vanishingly small, and in modern life, much of the time you spend learning how to do things is applicable to many more tasks down the road. Unlike all the adders in the first example, they know how to add, and it's applicable, but they hit the top rate of productivity very quickly and stay there forever.
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Why do planes need to be pressurized?
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At high altitudes the atmospheric pressure is very low - there's less air than there is down at the surface. If the plane wasn't pressurized there wouldn't be enough air to breathe.
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Why Do Movies Shot 30 Years Ago Look “Old” When Played Now?
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Technology in camera equipment has come a long way. Lenses have gotten better. Lighting has gotten better. The art of film has been perfected over the years. But I think the main factor of this "old" look has to do with post production. Back in the 70s and 80s they didn't have the computer power to color correct films like they can today. Every frame of today's films are finely tuned to be color balanced. So in other words, back then, what you filmed was pretty close to what you wound up with. While today the difference between the raw footage and the final result is very different. All that post production processing makes a huge difference. They were shot on 35mm film, which can/does degrade over time. The versions you're watching on TV are also copies of these degraded film stocks and, in fact, copies of copies which causes them to loose fidelity, as well. There were also different/less advanced lighting and audio techniques and equipment all of which contribute to the "low-fi" appearance.
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If permanent colonies were built on the Moon, how would someone born there be effected on Earth due to the differences in gravity?
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The moon *does* have gravity. It's a lot lower than Earth's, but it's still there - a lot more than the microgravity experienced on the ISS. All we can really do is theorise, but the likelihood is that if someone grew up/lived a long time in lower gravity, coming down to Earth would be pretty traumatic. Your bones and muscles would absolutely not be used to this kind of strain. Everything would seem very, very heavy . You'd likely have trouble walking under your own power, and if you fell down you'd be a lot more likely to break a bone. There are definitely *advantages* to growing up/living in lower gravity, but we're not really built to experience much higher gravity than what our body ends up accustomed to. It's basically the same as if us Earthlings go to a planet with 6 times the gravity. It'd be hellish.Read The Expanse series. It deals with people who were born in places who have less gravity like asteroids, space ships, and Mars.There is a fascinating set of observations being done right now of Scott Kelly vs his earthbound twin! We'll have more understanding soon.
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Self driving cars become common. Who is responsible for crashes and accidents?
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It is impossible to answer this question. The laws / terms of insurance have not been written yet. Like so many things, they probably won't be written until the first accidents start happening.
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why does water taste so sweet after vomiting?
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I'd say there are a couple of reasons. Firstly, the water washes away the acid residue left over in your mouth by your stomach fluids, causing relief of the burning sensation and that might be perceived as sweet. Also your body is most likely craving water due to the sudden onset of dehydration that was probably caused by you expelling all that liquid, and we all know how sweet water can taste when you're dehydrated. As for sweating, i believe it's caused by the stress on your upper body's muscles due to heaving, when your body needs to get rid of something asap, most of the muscles on your chest and back are used to heave and push it out, that stress produces heat, and in order to cool down your body produces sweat.
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What is the actual purpose of having a United States Space Force?
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I think the idea is to split the responsibility for space off of the Air Force, much like how NASA was split off for civilian aerospace work. The Air Force actually spends more on space operations than NASA . Putting that as it's own organization would, in theory, let them focus on the core mission better. Not really sure I agree with it, since most of the best ideas come from the cross-pollination of different fields, and trying to silo space completely will, I think, be more harmful than helpful.
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Why baseball stadiums are different sizes
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Tradition. And more than any sport, baseball is a slave to tradition. When professional baseball was in its infancy, there were no dedicated stadiums. Teams would play wherever they could find the space, usually somewhere used primarily for something else. The Yankees, for example, used to play on polo grounds. This lead to every park being a little different, depending on space. When teams started building dedicated stadiums, there were no standards, and every facility was build how each team wanted. By the time the league was organized enough for standards, there were a bunch of parks with a bunch of different sizes, and no one wanted rebuild theirs.
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Why does your skin heal faster at night than during the day? May it be for cuts, wounds, spots, acne etc...
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Because your body's resources aren't dedicated to moving you around, talking, seeing, etc. Also because you're not moving around, touching your injuries and generally making things worse.
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What causes blood to seep out of cuts and scrapes?
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For blood to come out of a wound, some kind of blood vessel must be damaged. If the cut or scrape is very small, then these blood vessels were likely capillariesBlood vessels come in a variety of sizes based on their exact purpose. Veins and arteries move blood around the body after being pumped by the heart. If one of these is cut, there can be major blood loss. Attached to these and leading up against the skin are capillaries, very thin vessels that deliver blood, plasma, and oxygen to the cells near the skin surface. When you get a scrape, the shallowest will not break the skin at all, taking off only the dying skin on the surface. Get a little deeper and you start to damage healthy tissue, and the blood in the capillaries has a chance to be exposed to the air, forming a scab. Because there are thousands of these capillaries, the pressure in them is low, and the blood only oozes out, with the majority of it staying in the vein or artery where it belongs. If you cut deeper, you can break a large number of capillaries, or even hit the vein, and you end up with more blood escaping.
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- What are undersea cables, and how do they work?
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Undersea cables are made up of bundles of fiber optic cables running along the ocean floor that connect different parts of the world to exchange data/internet communications and telephone conversations. The first submarine cable was laid all the way back in the 1850s and was used for sending telegrams. Obviously, the cable was not made out of Fiber Optics then, but we use optics now because it allows us to carry massive amounts of information on a single strand of glass fiber over long distances using laser light. These cables exist pretty much everywhere. Here are a couple of maps showing where some of the cables are located: [ONE] [TWO]They are communications cables that are on the sea floor. They might be connected to off-shore oil platforms, nearby islands or other side of a bay. They work just like the phone lines you see from utility poles, except these are underwater. Some are analog phone lines. But now most are digital lines that carry phone, video and data. A lot of the older ones are copper based, the new ones have a few dozen fiber optic strands instead.
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I was always told not to put a fridge or AC on an extension cord. Why?
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Refrigerators and AC units have a much higher peak power draw than most household appliances. An extension cord that isn't rated to handle that kind of draw could overheat and short, or cause a fire.
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How are humans able to talk and hear their voice inside their head?
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Something to do with the brain neurons that ultimately leads to consciousness. Consciousness is still a mystery unsolved -- no one really knows what it is, how to accurately define it etc. But that voice inside the head operating while you carry out other automatic or semi-automatic functions are part of your consciousness.
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in the USA, when does a dad (or mum) in full time employment see their children?
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You work 9-5 in a lot of jobs, meaning that you see your kids in the morning and evening.
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Why does it hurt significantly more standing on a 10 min bus ride, over walking for 20 minutes when commuting?
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Standing tends to strain the same muscles over a long period of time. Walking spreads the load over several sets of muscles, so that while you're technically expending more energy no one set of muscles have to bear the load for the entire period.Static postures cause lots of things to occur - but mostly it almost always results in circulation issues to some part of you. When you hear about "sitting disease" and the effect of sitting at your desk on your general health, much of that would also apply if you just stood still for the same amount of time. It's not the sitting exactly, it's the being stuck in a static posture.
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- Can things like light waves or radio waves become radioactive?
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Light and radio waves are both kinds of radiation. Specifically, they are both non-ionizing EM radiation. What "non-ionizing" means is basically that they won't come barging in and jack up your DNA. X-rays and gamma rays on the other hand are ionizing EM radiation, and definitely will smack your DNA upside its head. So no, sending a radio signal from an irradiated area won't change it into dangerous ionizing radiation, because that's just not how the EM spectrum works. Sending radio waves from a spaceship travelling very, *very* fast could make your radio a weapon, but at that point your ship is already a doomsday device so it isn't a big deal.
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What changed that allowed SpaceX to go from crashing rockets on barges to a 3 for 3 success rate?
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Every crash is a learning opportunity. They weren't crashing because they didn't know WTF. There's a ton of very complicated stuff to work out to land a rocket, and getting it even a tiny bit wrong usually results in an explosion. Rockets don't really do rough landings. It's either perfect, or kaboom. So every time they crashed one, they tweaked the next one a little, until eventually they found the winning setup.
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Why can't fresh water fish survive in salt water, and vice versa?
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Many fish can, and do. Salmon, for example, make babies in fresh water. The babies swim out to sea and grow up and get big and strong, and then they come back to fresh water and make more babies. They have this ability because over millions of years, they were able to have more babies in freshwater than saltwater. That is, they evolved to take advantage of reproduction in a freshwater environment. The fish that can't do this made babies just in the ocean or just in freshwater, and so never had pressure to evolve to be able to tolerate both environments. A fish's body wants to have an amount of salt inside it somewhere in between the ocean and a river. The way both kinds of fish's bodies do this is called *osmoregulation*. So a freshwater fish will get its salt from its food, and it makes its pee super watery, or diluted, so there is more salt inside than in the water. A saltwater fish gets too much salt just from living in the ocean, so it makes its pee super salty, or concentrated, so its body is less salty than the water. Most saltwater fish can't live in freshwater because they only knows how to make their pee concentrated, so they'll lose all its salt. Most freshwater fish can't live in saltwater because they only know how to make their pee more dilute, so they'll get too much salt.
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Why is there ice in the mens urinals
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Ice cools the urine which reduces odor. Ice also melts, which produces water and flushed the urinal. Much more popular back in the days before auto-flush systems.I'd also say that they put it there as 'entertainment' and and as a way for people to keep it in the urinal. ", 'Also assists in preventing splashback onto your fancy Saturday Night Fever duds, should your slightly inebriated aim wander waywardly.
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What is a "housing bubble" and why did it crash a few years ago?
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A housing bubble is when the price of homes in a market rises unsustainably. Banks started loaning money to people who realistically weren't going to be able to pay the mortgages back. Too many of them failed to pay their mortgages, and were foreclosed on, and it crashed the market. This problem was exacerbated, by the fact that many of these mortgages were bundled together, and sold on the market. It nearly caused a depression in the us.
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How do other animals cut their nails in nature? Do they even have to? Also, how did humans cut their nails in the past?
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Usually just using them makes them eroded and they are as long as you need them. In nature, animals and humans use their nails for lots of things, and there is where they are "cut": every time they are used, they are a little bit shorter, making up for their growth. If they grow too much, they can be scratched against something to make them shorter, that's all it needs.I know something about rodent teeth that might be related. Some rodents have teeth that grow really really fast. They have to constantly chew on wood or other hard materials to whittle it down, or else their teeth would get too long in their mouths and eating would become difficult and they'd starve and die. So I assume animals with claws would work the same way: depending on how fast the nail would grow, the animal would instinctually file it against something hard to keep it from growing too long or dull. If it were to break a nail, it would probably refrain from filing that one nail to prevent injury. My therory for humans is that since apes used their hands more rather than claws, the claws turned into slow growing softer nails, more equipping the hand to grab objects rather than claw into something. I think the everyday manipulation of objects would cause wear and file down the nail as it grew so slowly. Humans would probably need to keep their nails in good condition to better handle things, avoid from accidentally hurting another in the group, and hurting themselves. They'd probably use something hard and rough like a rock to file it on as that would usually do it. TL;DR: Against hard stuff. Yeah they'd probably have to. Humans probably used something rough like a rock to file their nails.
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why do people with accents lose their accents when singing?
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Because when they sing, they are consciously controlling their voice and producing a particular phonetic effect. Like you would if you're imitating birdsong. They are in very good control of their voice, and can produce specific desired sounds rather than speaking/singing in their natural accent.
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Why we still label circuits based upon "conventional" current when we know that current actually flows in the opposite direction?
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Pretty much, everything was defined before the discovery of, say the electron. Scientists, being positively minded and optimistic, decided it would probably be the positive charge moving around. Note also how stuff like Capacitance is measured in Farads, which is a huge unit and you usually use micro or nano farads because the SI standards are way off. Same with Coulombs. It was defined before that notion of electron charge. So, like Farads, it is also really small. So yeah, it was just guess work that got well known to the point where it can't be changed, so everybody gets to deal with it.Yes, it is a bit confusing. Then you get used to it. Can you imagine how confusing it would be if now we tried to change it? There are vast amounts of literature describing things the "wrong" way; it would be years and years before you could trust anything you read. And you would always have to remember that old stuff described it backwards. Apropos of almost nothing, I often get a kick when engineers use the term "negative feedback" around non-engineers. Regular people assume that it is a bad thing, but engineers think that *positive* feedback is a bad thing!
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What's the fastest way to cool hot liquid? Is it faster to cool hot liquid by pouring it over a cup of ice or by pouring ice into the hot liquid?
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So cooling is all about surface area. You want the hot liquid to be as exposed as possible to the thing its bleeding its heat into. Whether you pour the ice or liquid in first is unimportant. What's important is the amount of the ice's surface that's exposed to the liquid. If the ice is in a single block, it will cool much more slowly than if it were crushed ice.pouring the hot liquid over the ice slowly is the fastest way. This ensures that the hot liquid maintains really close contact with unmelted ice as long as possible. If you just toss ice in, only the liquid immidiately next to the ice wil be chilled, which then radiates outward.
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How do tattoo's work?
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The tattoo is a hollow needle that basically stabs you over and over really fast and drips colorful ink into the place it's stabbed you. It has to go deep to the dermis because that's the permanent part of your skin, you keep it for life. You're constantly shedding little bits of your epidermis, so if you put tattoos there, they'd be gone within weeks, months at the most. ", 'You embed ink about halfway through your skin. 3 or 4 layers beneath the surface.
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Why do Stores and restaurants in US cities, often in lower income area, all have a very similar style?
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In the US, there is not a strong tradition of going to the nearest store, rather than the one you think will serve you best. So stores are trying to draw in new customers who only pass by occasionally. Extremely bold and informative signage has proven to work.
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Why are there different sized stars? Once enough mass is gathered to commence fusion shouldn't additional gasses be blown away from the star?
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The gas clouds that stars form from collapse into a disc shape pretty early on in the formation process. The big-ish protostars blast most of their early heat of formation out in polar jets that never cross that disc, so the incoming matter doesn't meet the outflowing energy until the star is well formed. It takes some time for heat from fusion in the core to make it to the surface so there's an additional brief lag period between when the star "ignites" and when the stellar wind finally stops the star from gathering any more gas. Supermassive stars are rare and their formation is not well understood. We're not sure if the real monsters formed through accretion like the others, are products of multi-star collisions, or some other exotic process.
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Why do online job application systems force me to attach my resume and then also fill out their own resume system?
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The parts you have to fill in will be run through their HR system, which can make a preselection. With how many people apply to some jobs, there simply is no time for them to check out all resumes, so they have to select them some way. Once you are through the preselection, your actual resume makes it onto the desk of whoever is tasked to further select which candidates to call / invite for an interview. The reason why they make you attach the resume already is because that works the most efficient for them. They immediately have the resumes of the people who are interesting enough rather than having to chase them down for one. Remember, unless you have really specific in demand skills, you are simply not worth enough to the company that they want to go through the circus of emailing you, requesting your resume etc etc.They want you to fill out the form so they can do searches and filtering and whatnot the value in having a standardized format is pretty obvious. But when it's time for a human being to look at your application, they want to see you as a human being too, not just data and that includes seeing the resume you wanted to submit. The way you structure the information in your resume can actual reveal quite a bit about you, and they want to see that. As an example, let's pretend Adam and Dave both have similar educational backgrounds and 5 years of similar work experience. Adam lists his education before his job experience on his resume, but Dave does the opposite, listing his job experience first. This suggests that Adam is less confident about his career progress and wants to be evaluated based on his potential rather than his actual accomplishments, making him better suited for junior positions. Dave, on the other hand, considers himself to be a mid-career expert and is looking for a more senior role he might even turn down the junior role. Their hiring database, however, would erase this important distinction by placing the sections in a uniform order.
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If cold humid air is more cold than dry air, but hot humid air is hotter than a dry heat, what is the tipping point?
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A person's perception of temperature is a bit complicated by several factors. Except for extreme heat, your temperature is going to be lower than the air temperature, so it is a matter of how much energy it takes to warm the air up and cool you off. At low humidity, the air requires very little energy to change temperature, so it takes very little heat away from you on its own. At high humidity, it takes more energy, so it is able to take heat away from you more quickly. Another thing which affects temperature is the rate of evaporation from your skin. With higher humidity, the moisture on your skin evaporates more slowly, reducing the rate at which heat is removed from your body. These two factors are going to interact. At low temperatures, higher humidity means you are retainng more of your body heat, but the air is able to take more energy away from you. You will really feel it as you get to within a few degrees of freezing. At 50-60 degrees farenheit, the air is not taking as much heat from you, so you start feeling the effect of retaining more heat due to less evaporation. At higher temperatures, the air takes very little heat from you or is actually adding heat, so high humidity means that you can't rely on evaporation to cool you off. This can kill people.H2O is a better heat conductor than air. That increases the heat exchange rate between a person and the environment. At a low temperature heat from the body is lost more quickly in a humid environment, vice versa in a warm one. The tipping point happens around 98 degrees F, where thermodynamic equilibrium will happen regardless of humidity. Imagine swimming in 0C water vs 0C air, 100C water vs 100C air. Its easy to see that in both cases, heat transfer happens quicker in water.
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Why do so many people hate Piers Morgan?
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I don't watch his show, so I don't have any strong feelings about him. From what I have heard from other people, there are two major complaints: 1) Back when he was in the UK, he had a reputation for publishing inaccurate, sensationalist content as news. 2) On his show in the US, he is viewed as arrogant and condescending to guests.
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Traditionally, Where does the responsibilities of the CIA and Pentagon begin and End in relation to each other?
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Accountability and Authority. CIA is responsible for Intelligence abroad , as well as clandestine operations. The Military is a large scale force that requires Congressional oversight and is expected to follow strict protocols such as the UCMJ and things like the Geneva Convention. Whereas a CIA operative can infiltrate and conduct operations in secret in foreign countries we are not at war with, the Military can not. A good example of this was the operation to kill Osama Bin Laden, since we were not at war with Pakistan, technically, Military units like the SEALs were not allowed to engage in operations in Pakistan, which is why the operation was a joint one with the CIA and Military. . Since the "War on Terror" began, the lines between the two have become a bit blurry at times. The other example is the Drone attacks .if the CIA conducts them, they do not need to answer to the Pentagon or Military intelligence, nor do they need to report to Congress to justify their actions . Whereas if the Military were to conduct Drone Strikes , then they would be held more accountable, and the reasoning behind a strike would need to be run through a chain of command, and the Generals in charge could be summoned to testify before Congress if need be.Technically the role of the CIA is to provide information not publicly available to policy makers so they know what to do. In other words a president might wanna know whats going on in some military before he makes a given decision but you can't look that up on wikipedia so he calls up the CIA all like 'whatup'. The pentagon is responsible for all military actions. The CIA has been given powers beyond their mandate since the 80s or so hence the confusion. So the whole 'assasination' 'drone strike' kind of stuff isn't technically what they are supposed to be doing.
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How does Apple own the Beatles?
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[The Beatles sold the rights to their catalog of music back in the 1960s.] It's been owned by many people, most famously by Michael Jackson, who made almost as much money on Beatles royalties as on his own music. I don't know if Apple Computer has any ownership in Beatles music, but you might be confused by [Apple Records]. Long before Steve Jobs was in business, The Beatles named their record company Apple. There was actually [a lawsuit between the computer company and the record label, because of conflicting trademarks.]
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How does the software "Tor" work?
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Here is a little diagram to start off with:_URL_0_ The basic gist of it: You connect to the network which proceeds your request along a randomized route through network-relays using data encryption, before it transmits your request to the final destination. Backtracking is extremely hard, since the randomizing algorithms obscure the path taken and all data in the network is only proceeded encrypted.
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Why is it often recommended to fully charge electronics before using them for the first time?
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Imagine that your battery is an opaque water bottle. When you first get it, it has some amount of water in it. You have no idea how much water is actually in it because you can't see the water. It has a weight to it but that doesn't tell you anything because you have no reference. For all you know, it could be empty or it could be full. The person who sold you the water bottle tells you to fill it up until you can't fill it up anymore. You do so. You know now it is completely full of water. You can now weigh it and get a reference point. When the water bottle weighs this much, it is full. When the water battle weighs half as much, it is half-full. Basically, without that initial reference charge your battery could report 100% charge when it is actually only 25% full.
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Why are symptoms more potent in the morning and evening when you are sick?
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In the morning it's usually because you've been dehydrated due to sleep or if symptoms just arose, you aren't used to it. In the evening, because of being tired and talking all day, you get worn out. Just think of going to a sporting event all night yelling then getting home and having a sore throat. Wear and tear of everyday things just exaggerates your ailment.It maybe due to Autonomic nervous system, at the evening, nigth and morning hours, the body is stimulated by parasympathetic system leading to bronchoconstriction, mucus secretions to rise and adrenaline secretion to drop. This could make you feel weaker and make harder to breathI find it depends on what I have. A Cold, Flu, I feel better in the morning worse as the day progresses. Bacterial infections, I feel horrible in the morning and better as the day progresses. If you routinely feel bleh in the morning, drink a big glass of water before sleeping. You may be dehydrating since u are going 6+ hours without any waterIt may be related to gut bacteria!More here: _URL_0_
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How did the alpine tunnel makers ensure that when they bored through the mountains they came out where they intended or met the other diggers coming from the other side before the days of GPS?
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Not only from the days before GPS but GPS does not work inside tunnels so they still have the same problem. The way you do this today is that you use lasers to measure the distance and angles of the tunnel walls. You put down special reflectors into the walls of the tunnel and measures their position to the other reflectors very accurately. This way you can calculate the exact position of every single reflector. By measuring the angle and distance to different reflectors you know exactly where in the mountain you are and can direct the machines to drill in the direction you want.
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How to people find amber with preserved life inside?
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It’s just random. They mine the amber and then upon examining it and cutting it up to sell, find what’s inside
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Why does 80 degree water feel so much colder than 80 degree air?
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Water absorbs much more heat per volume. So water touching your skin aborbs more of your body's heat compared to air of the same temperature.Water has a much higher specific heat and massively more weight than air. What you perceive as hot and cold are usually heat transfers rather than actual temperatures. Thus water has capacity to transfer substantially more heat than air so you perceive it as being colder.Heat is manifested at the molecular level by movement. Picture your body as pool balls connected by springs . The heat is represented by the bouncing around of the pool balls on the springs. Now, we're going to try to slow down the bouncing with two experiments in which we will try to cool down your body's balls . Let's represent contact with a gas molecule by holding up isolated balls to your body. When the ball get's close enough, it gets knocked away. In the process, the bodyball that knocked into it gets slowed down a little bit. Repeat that a bunch of times, and the body balls will continue to slow down until the gas balls knock back just as hard . Now, let's bring it into contact with water. To represent water, we will have a big ball connected to two little balls . These won't be isolated, you're surrounded by them and they go on for seemingly forever. Also, let's connect each big ball to 2 nearby little balls with a a weak breakable/reformable spring . There will be 3 important differences: 1. Your bodyballs will be getting knocked into a lot more, that makes them slow down faster. 2. The water balls carry the bounce away faster because the water balls are close together, so the balls that are close to your body will still be slower for longer. 3. Sometimes your body's bounces will break the weak springs instead of causing movement in the water , this keeps the water balls from speeding up. These three factors cause your body balls to slow down faster.
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Ugly power lines, poles, transformer cylinders and other mess of stuff cloud my neighborhood. But my well-off parents' neighborhood has not a single wire in site. How?
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All those things can be run underground, but it can cost up to 10 times more than overhead systems. This cost means that they tend to only be put underground in regions where people are willing to pay that price, ie wealthy neighborhoods.Lots of comments about the price which is true. One other factor I want to mention is age. Is your neighborhood older than your parents' neighborhood? Many older communities are serviced by overhead electrical utilities. Buried powerlines and padmount transformers all the way to the end-user are a relatively 'new' thing. You may be asking why they don't convert, and the answer to that question is difficulty and cost . Negotiating all the other buried utilities such as natural gas, sewer, water, etc can be very time consuming and expensive. It is generally not a very good return on investment for established neighborhoods.The power is ran underground which is quite a bit more expensive to do. Each house will have some sort of power box near it housing the concealed transformer connecting it to the underground grid.Distribution can be done underground and nice neighborhoods aren't built under transmission lines.
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Congratulations ELI5 on 300,000 subscribers! And thank you!
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I enjoy seeing the questions people post. Sometimes, i feel like just replying "google it," but then i realize that a lot of times, even if you do google it, the answers you find require you to either know a lot about the topic to begin with, or are so buried that you may never find the answer you are looking for, so it helps to have someone just break it down simplyAwesome. ELI5 is my favorite subreddit and the one I spend the lion share of my time. Friendly announcement. If you are ever seeking answers that are **not** simplified try out /r/answers. You might find it more satisfyingI love this subreddit. I like how the moderating isn't too strict but rules are still enforced. There is only one thing I really wonder. How do you guys deal with questions that are asked so many times already? I don't mean questions that may have appeared on this subreddit before, I mean questions that are asked many times in just one month. For example [this] question. Then put \'quantum computer\' in the search bar and you'll see that it has been asked about 24 times before and atleast 6 times in the past few days. Do you guys just remove these questions or would you prefer to let them stay? That is all, thanks for moderating this subreddit!', "Thanks for posting this Anon, I have been watching the counter for the past week or so :). I just want to say that I really love this subreddit and I'm glad to be able to help improve it over the last several months. The subscribers and commenters here are really the best on reddit, and I'm just happy to be a part of such an awesome group of people!
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Why is it so hard to spot this "Planet Nine" when we can easily observe and photograph light years far off celestial bodies?
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Well first of all, we can't easily observe and photograph most celestial bodies that are lightyears away. The ones we can photograph tend to be either giant flaming balls of light, clouds full of giant flaming balls of light, or a collections of billions of giant flaming balls of light. You might notice the recurring theme here: Light. You don't get much of that on the edge of the solar system.
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How does paying for windows 10 work? What's their plan, im confused by the whole thing.
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Microsoft wants everyone in their app selling environment more than they want to cling to the idea of home users paying to upgrade windows. The app environment sells things like google play or the itunes thing. Those environments are huge money makers', "Consumers paying for Windows 10 isn't that useful to them. Most all of their revenue comes from enterprise sales and maintenance. Any sales to the public are just bonuses honestly.
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What exactly happens if Russia is proven to have tampered with the voting process (ex: Brexit, US elections)?
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The UK has mechanisms to force a new vote. So they could "revert" things fairly easily if the public decides to do that. The US does not have such a mechanism. They could impeach Trump for it which would leave Pense being President. They could also theoretically impeach Pense as well since he was on the same ticket and if they choose to do that the Presidency would go to the Speaker of the House. That could also be considered an act of war and either nation, and by extension NATO could go to war over it. But it would most likely be lots of political "yelling" and then some sanctions that do basically nothing.First off, it's hideously unlikely that Russia has had any significant influence - but some people need a scapegoat right now. But no, it's unlikely it'd have any effect, and also very unlikely that anything would be reverted.
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What is it that specifically makes the new car smell and why is it the same in every car?
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Offgassing plastics. There is some concern that plasticizers and solvents released from many industrial products, especially plastics, may be harmful to human health. All the car companies use the same types of plastics so thats why the smell is the sameWorking in the car industry I can ensure that this smell is: a) not the same in every car. Different brands have often different smells. b) not a product of specific materials or even random. The "new car smell" is a chosen based on different studies about peoples preferences. It smells good on purpose . It`s easy to underestimate how many things are actually "planned" in a complex product like a car. Another example is the sound of closing the door. There is an own department that is only responsible to make the the acoustics of the body as appealing as possible.
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Why is Netflix Throttling such a controversial issue?
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It's when the ISP is hand picking what websites are fast or slow that really gets people. It's an incredible amount of power where companies that used to be just neutral pipes to turn into places that hand pick what websites can or can't exist. The fact that many of the largest ISPs are media companies and the sites they most often talk about throttling are media companies makes it even more double sketchy. A cable company would be very interested in making video companies that make it so you don't need cable tv anymore not work anymore.Its like if your mum said you cant be friends with a girl at school because "she said so". But in this case youre an adult that pays for a company to provide you with a service , but then the service picks and chooses what you get do with it.
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how can PPI (pixels per inch) be different across certain devices? Aren't inches and pixels a set size?
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an Inch is a measuring unit. a Pixel is an object. It can be any size. A display's resolution describes how many pixels it has. 1080p means it has 1080 pixels on the short side. So, obviously, to fill a 42" 1080p TV and a 5" 1080p phone with the same number of pixels is going to require differently sized pixels.> aren't pixels a set size. Absolutely not. On a modern smartphone, pixels are millimeters in size. One a Jumbotron at a sports stadium, they can be 1ft in size.Pixels can be different sizes depending on the device. A 12 inch 1024x768 pixel monitor is going to have much larger pixels than a 4 inch 1024x768 phone screen. Even though they both have the same amount of pixels their sizes are different.
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How will TTP copyright laws affect people in non-signing countries?
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It would mean that any web service that operates in those countries would be subject to the new copyright terms. As a person using a web service that operates in one of those countries, you are also indirectly affected by the new copyright terms because presumably all the content made available though those websites will need to be in compliance with the new TPP copyright terms. Web services that operate entirely outside the jurisdiction of TPP nations are not directly affected by the new copyright terms. However, if they have presence in countries like the US that are part of the TPP, then they are subject to all copyright laws enforced in those countries. Note: TPP is not a law and it does not directly impose copyright laws. The TPP is basically an agreement between countries that obliges each signatory nation to ratify the agreement and create new laws that effectively accomplish the goals of the TPP agreement. The precise way in which those laws are implemented may vary between nations.
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What does the successful vote to allow the sale of people's browsing history mean for the average person and what is the scope of this?
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It really doesn't mean much. The rules that this vote seeks to overturn haven't gone into effect yet. Everything will stay as it is. It's also important to add the the senate vote is what just happened. For it to mean anything at all the house must vote to approve it and then the president must sign it. That will likely happen which will result in the status quo being preserved", 'Oh great now I will never be able to have people use my browser now. Nothing but butt plug coupons and ads everywhere.
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why they call dark matter "matter"
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Because as far as we can tell it is matter. It's just a special type of matter which doesn't interact at all with the electromagnetic force, so we can't directly see it. **Edit:** Something I want to add, matter that doesn't interact much with EM isn't actually all the strange. For example, neutrinos interact very weakly with EM yet they have mass. What's strange about dark matter is that cosmologists have been systematically going through all the possible candidates that we know of and showing that they can't explain the dark matter effects we see.
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With the attacks going on right now, why has France been the target for so many terrorist attacks?
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They, like all the old European powers, had colonies in the lands that are now terrorism hot spots. They treated millions of people very badlyMany Islamic groups are pissed that France outlawed the Hijab
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Does my way of doing this math problem make any sense?
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All you did is multiply both sides by the denominator in the x fraction, and then rearrange terms a bit. a/b = x/c c * a/b = x c * a * 1/b = x c/b * a = x
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Why is destructive interference unnoticeable, say if you have two sources of light and you move them around?
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The wavelength of light is smaller than the smallest thing a human eye can see, by far. So these effects are too fine in scale for us to see.
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why carbon monoxide is so poisonous to breathe when carbon dioxide is not.
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Carbon monoxide binds very strongly to hemoglobin, the molecule that carries oxygen in your blood. When it does so, it stops hemoglobin from binding to oxygen, and limits your body's capacity to get oxygen in the process. Carbon dioxide, which is almost completely non-reactive, doesn't do that.
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How do they turn old black and white photos into color photos?
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Unless the negative is preserved, they literally just color it. Think of it as a coloring book. I've tried photo colorization, and while choosing correct colors isn't that hard, getting the blending to work out realistically is much harder. For video, when it's a single shot, you can use tracking software so you don't need to fully color every frame.the other replies are correct but in case you're looking for a more technical answer, I'm a graphic designer and maybe this will come in handy to you. The most common tool to doing this is, well, Adobe Photoshop, a software developed to create and retouch images digitally in a very analog way. That means, guessing colors and applying them on top of the area you want to colorize. there are several methods of preserving the shadows, using transparency and opacity, for example, to not alter the dark nature of darker or brighter hues. This helps when you don't want to spoil shadows or light areas. That would be the simple way to do it. There are also more mathematical, complex ways to do it using simple text editors, which you use as scripts to coloroze a photo with algorithms. Basically you define a color palette, and apply it to the photo selecting different sections, using a high contrast between black and white so tge script can essentially "know" the limits of these sections. Glad to help, ask me anything you need to know.Photoshop and guessing. Some of it is common sense, wood is brown, grass is green. Some of it is deductive reasoning. Say there's an American flag so you know that was red, white, and blue. So you can compare how the red part compares to other dark hues vs. the blue and make some educated guesses based on that.
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What exactly does vigilante justice mean?
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In the simplest terms, it means justice administered by individuals , outside of the legal system. It could be a single person "taking the law into their own hands" and attacking a person who committed a crime against them. It could also be a person cruising around trying to punish criminals in general , or it could be a group who seizes a person or persons they consider to be guilty and administers the crowd's idea of justice upon them. The key is that the legal system is being ignored and/or subverted. There are usually only cons to the situation. The rule of law is important, not only to everyone's safety, but also in terms of being certain that justice is adequately served. Even if a person is factually guilty and "deserves" whatever the extra-legal vigilantes do to them, there are other considerations to take into account: for instance, if the accused intends to plead guilty to charges & cooperate with an investigation, a lynch mob rushing the indictment proceedings, dragging the guy outside, and hanging him from a lamp-post may ensure that other guilty parties are never brought to justice.Vigilante justice is literally taking the law into one's own hands - you see someone stealing a purse? You don't need the police, go after the thief yourself! Most superheros count as vigilantes, because they enforce 'justice'and punish 'villains' without having police or legal jurisdiction. Positives, vigilantes may have more if an on-the-ground presence, they can respond immediately. Not being bound by bureaucratic policy might give them more freedom, which you could argue is a negative but maybe in some cases it would help, dunno. There aren't a lot of positives. Negatives, they aren't obeying the law. They ignore the rights of the supposed wrongdoer and take matters into their own hands. It's bad enough when someone just gets beat up, but in some cases people die. The 'criminal' has rights too, which the vigilante ignores.
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Why can speakers be blown out? Couldn't manufacturers just prevent the volume controls from going that high?
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Speakers don't affect volume. They can support a maximum volume without blowing out. If you connect speakers to an amplifier that boosts the volume you can blow out the speakers. But they are made by different manufacturers. The speaker company doesn't know you're plugging into to an 800W amplifier. The amplifier doesn't know you're plugging into shitty speakers. Then there is also the audio source itself which can be sending a hotter signal than usual.
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How do gemologists tell lab-grown gems from natural gems when the crystal structure is the same?
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Naturally formed gems are not perfect. They have atoms of other elements dispersed within their crystal structure. When a gem is grown in the lab, it is usually 100% pure. There are no imperfections, . So when a gemologist observes the crystal structure, and they see no impurities, it is almost certainly lab grown.
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Fire... does it push things or exert force?
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Fire itself does not, no. However, fire heats up the air around it which can increase the pressure that they exert. For example, have you ever seen ash from a newspaper floating out of a fire up into the air? It's not doing that because the fire is pushing it, but the air beneath it is heating up and starting to rise which pushes it up. Similar idea to when an aerosol can gets thrown in a fire: the fire heats up the air inside, which puts more force on the inside of the can until the can bursts.
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Why are newer smartphones so much easier to break than "old" ones?
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The big change has been making the entirety of one side a fragile glass screen. The decision to make the bezels thin means that there is little space to absorb impacts without putting the forces onto that large, fragile glass panel. They try to make the phone strong instead, but the desire to make the phone as thin and light as possible compromises that as well. Tough, modern phones do exist. My Motorola Defy has been dropped many times. It has a tough, rounded bezel that absorbs impacts.Nokia's are the beast. Although I did dropkick my iPhone 3g and drop my iphone 4 more than all my other phones combined and neither broke. Iphone 4 still in use by someone. I cringe when I drop my s3 though.
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How did we discover Pluto? It's so little and our solar system is so huge.
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Random chance. We thought, incorrectly, that Neptune's orbit was being influenced by another body. We did some math based on that incorrect assumption and came up with some areas to look at. Then took thousands of long exposure photographs. At least two were taken of each small area of the sky on separate nights. Then Clyde Tombaugh sat at a [blink-comparator] a device that quickly shows one photo then the other and looked for objects that moved. The eye detects motion or apparent motion very well but is not so good at sorting out small static objects. By flashing one photo then the other the object that moves in all the soup appears to flash and is easily distinguished from all the ones that don't. Tombaugh found an object near where the math based on the bad orbit of Neptune predicted one should be. We announced the discovery of a new planet, called it Pluto and quit looking. Later we determined that Neptune's obit was not being perturbed. That Pluto was too small to have an effect anyway and in the 1990s we started looking for other bodies in Pluto's neighborhood in earnest and starting find lots of them. This time we used computer software to do the blink comparison for us.
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Why does hearing a song lots make us dislike it?
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I think you can relate this in a similar way to drugs. When you take a dose of drugs or listen to pleasant music, your brain is simulated and releases signals that it is happy with whatever you consumed. However, over time the same stimulus will result in lower and lower stimulation in the brain, as it becomes used to that stimulus. This is why many drug users have to take increasingly high amounts of drugs to attain the same high. The more you listen to the same song, the less pleasure you will get from it. But unlike drugs, you can’t increase your “dosage” of music. You can’t listen to a song twice at the same time. So, over many listens, you eventually lose all pleasure you gain from listening to that song, and it becomes boringI don't offer an answer but I do find this very interesting not only because I agree, but also because I have experienced the exact opposite personally that even as a fan can be overwhelming and evoke a bit of indifference without knowing the lyrics,meanings etc. But after a few trips through the cd/playlist it becomes a long time favorite. Also seen this with a lot of other folks getting stuck in the car with friends playing Dupstep/House/Trance who find it almost unpleasent. Yet, after a few days/weeks/months you may now see them.not only liking it, but loving it and listening to it more than those who had introduced it to them. I'm very curious about all of these connections to our minds and music.
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if someone comes on your property without your permission and they slip or get attacked by a dog, can you be held liable if they sue?
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That fully depends on the country/state that you live in. In some places you can be held accountable for any injury, in some you can be held accountable if there was injury due to your negligence , and in some their trespassing negates all rights to sue you for any injury they get.I assume you're asking in the United States. The answer is: sometimes.. It depends on the circumstances. Trespassers don't have very much protection, but they do have a little--in particular, if you recklessly create danger you will normally be responsible. That could include having a dangerous dog.
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Why is the US West Coast a desert
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The west coast is nice and green, but then there are several mountain ranges. Air that is pushed over the mountains is cooled and forced to drop most of its water vapor, so it is much less moist. This means less rainfall beyond the mountains and more desert conditionsThere is temperate rainforest down the west coast from Alaska to northern California. Really, I think that you are talking about an area of California south of San FranciscoThe West Coast is not a desert. The Mountain West is arid & the dryness continues until you get to the Midwest. Others have mentioned the Rocky Mountains causing a rain shadow. The reason they cause the rain shadow in the direction they do is because the [jet stream] causes most weather systems in North America to move from West to East. Pacific weather systems dump most of their water on the coast, leaving the states directly East of the mountains bone dry. Moisture comes into the South with weather systems off the Gulf of Mexico & into the Upper Midwest as cold air comes down from Canada and warms up. The Northeast gets Atlantic systems & moisture off the Great lakes.Thanks for the answers. I had an idea it would be something to do with the mountains but didn't know about this rain shadow.[This], is due to the rain shadow effect caused by the Rocky Mountains.
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do antibiotics target individual infections and if so how?
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Yes you get certain antibiotics for certain infections. When a cut on your foot gets infected you will get one set of antibiotics, and when you get a tooth infection you get another set. Also you can use antibiotics from your cut foot incident to help with your tooth infection. Antibiotics will help bring down your infection no matter what they were designed for. Why? That I really don't know but I have also heard many times it is not good for your body to take antibiotics for one infection when they were designed for another.
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Why are there poor Conservatives?
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Don't you ever wonder why there are so many rich Liberals, too? All this "what it means to be Conservative / Liberal" crap that you get poured into your head by the media and your school system and your party-liners is just a bunch of bullshit establishment lies. "Poor" and "Rich" have nothing consequential to do with political leaning; the powerful are rich, regardless of party, and the powerless rabble aren't, regardless of party. The 2-party system is just a way to keep the rabble distracted so the powerful can get more powerful and more rich, at the expense of the rabble. Anyone who tells you otherwise has an agenda.There are two big factors that could lead to this:1. Conservatives appeal to religious folks. People will ignore economic policies entirely if they feel the other party can't be trusted because of godlessness.2. The idea that the poor can be rich if they pull themselves up by their bootstraps so to speak. The poor conservative are afraid once they are rich, the government will take all the hard earned money away.
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What happens to the body when you donate one of your kidneys? Does it become less able to filter stuff out of your body?
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When you donate one kidney, or one kidney fails, the other will pick up the slack. When functional, both kidneys are not operating at the fullest capacityYes and no. "Yes" in that your total renal capacity will obviously go down. But "No" in that most people don't make full use of their kidneys anyway. So maybe that one kidney has to work harder than it used to, but a single kidney is generally adequate. If that remaining kidney starts to get into trouble though, you're in quite a spot. You can't afford to lose all that much renal capacity if you 've only got one kidney to begin with.
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Why do Dutch people eat spaghetti with knife and fork, instead of spoon and fork?
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American of partial Italian ancestry here, what would you even use the spoon for? why not just a fork?', "It's easier to eat that way. I'm an American but I've never seen anyone eat spaghetti without a fork
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why does cleaning your ears cause gag reflex?
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It does? If it actually does, I would say it’s because the ear, nose and throat are all connectedThat is a pretty atypical response in my experience. I’m no doctor, just a paramedic, but I’ve never ran across any anatomy books, or patients, that’ve mentioned that. Gagging is usually caused by laryngeal spasm. The larynx is enervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which is an offshoot of the vagus nerve. Neither of which have any connection to the structures of the ear, that I can remember. But, everyone is different and perhaps you have some accessory nerve endings that link the twoMaybe it’s not gag reflex but when I’m cleaning my ears with Q-tips it makes me cough when I go deep I guess?', "First, a general warning: Don't put things in your ears. One great feature of human anatomy is that fingers are the right size to clear the external ear, but too big to fit into the ear canal and damage things. The eardrum is pretty fragile. Q-tips actually come with an explicit warning against sticking them in the ear canal, which several major medical associations stress. Anyway, this is likely a weird side effect of which nerves do what. The vagus nerve comes directly off the brain and controls a huge number of bodily functions as it wanders through the body. One little branch receives sensation from the skin of the ear canal. In some people, stimulating that skin can trigger other functions of the vagus nerve, including coughing and even fainting. _URL_0_", 'As a rule of thumb you shouldn’t put anything in your ear smaller than your elbow. Your ear, nose and throat all join up through your sinuses. Which is why stuffy noses and backed up sinuses can cause ear aches/infections.
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I have some questions regarding orphanages in 1980's-90's America for my novel. I have trouble finding answers online, some help?
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There weren't that many orphanages in the US in the 1980s and 90s. Orphanages were phased out by the 1950s and instead kids were sent into private homes for foster care, overseen by social services such as child protective services, where social workers monitored the children's environment with periodic checks. Day to day they were taken care of by a foster parent. There were some temporarily facilities that were residential treatment centers, plus group homes. These are much smaller, more temporarily places than the old-style orphanages , where a child might stay for years in a large dormitory-like environment. So if you want to set your novel in an orphanage in the 1980s-90s USA, it might be anachronistic. The kids in these situations would go to regular public schools just like kids who were not orphans. There were social workers in charge of the facilities but for the most part kids were in homes with foster parents and perhaps foster siblings, possibly several other foster kids. Also, most kids classed as "orphans" aren't parentless, nor were they parentless in the days of orphanages. They were without parents who could care for them for one reason or another. Could be that they had only one parent and that parent couldn't take care of them. Could be they had 2 parents but neither parent could take care of them. Like Marilyn Monroe, who grew up in an orphanage despite having parents. She was a bastard so her father didn't claim her, and her mother was both poor and mentally ill so couldn't care for her.
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The 4 basic assumptions in financial reporting
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Economic Entity - The company is a separate legal entity from its owners with its own finances Going Concern - The business is operating with no planned shutdown period. In other words - it's going to keep operating Monetary Unit - All reports are done in a single currency Periodicity - These reports are generated on an established schedule
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Why do humans/mammals bleed from the mouth after head/chest trauma? Why is this always the imminent death factor in movies?
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Think of what the mouth connects to - your lungs, stomach, and the passageways to your nose and ears. Head/chest trauma can lead to bleeding into one of those areas, which is usually a sign things are going pretty wrong.No, it is not a sure sign of death. As mentioned, your mouth is connected to your lungs, stomach / digestive system below, and your sinuses above. So blood in these areas may end up in your mouth. It can be a sign of serious trauma, but doesn't mean death is inevitable. It is a sign of fatality in movies probably because i.) it is visually dramatic and ii.) before advances in medical treatment, trauma that lead to bleeding from the mouth was generally more fatal than today. 'Internal bleeding' is basically bleeding outside the circulatory system, i.e. not heart > arteries > tissues > veins > back to heart. So you could have internal bleeding such as your liver being punctured and draining blood into surrounding tissues and cavities, but it doesn't get into your digestive system, so internal bleeding often doesn't end up with bleeding from the mouth.
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Why does it take so long for a country to develop nuclear warheads/ weapons? E.g. Iran and N. Korea.
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It depends on how many resources they want to put into it. North Korea is a very poor country so they can't spare the same amount of resources that the US put into the manhattan project. Additionally usually people who are developing nuclear weapons programs are doing it against the will of the wider international community so they are blocked from importing many materials that might speed up the process. For instance highly efficent centrafuges require something called maraging steel. However because of this it'd be almost impossible for someone like NK to import maraging steel from any other country. So they have to re-invent the wheel and do it all with local assets. Just an aside but there's little evidence Iran is actually making nuclear weapons.Properly enriching uranium is a time consuming and complicated process that requires a certain level of technological sophistication. For a country like North Korea, they were probably able to develop nukes with large technological and resource support from ChinaSay North Korea or Iran decided to build a car company without hiring a single expert from abroad. Do you think the first run of cars they made would be any good? How long do you think it would take before they could make something decent? It would take years, maybe decades. Well the same problem applies with uranium centrifuges. The science behind nuclear weapons is very simple, it can be found in any introductory physics textbook. But the engineering of large, complicated, and expensive equipment from scratch is never easy.
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Why don't we pronounce the name of a country like the natives do?
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We don't speak the same language they do! The English name is often simply different from the native name. The idea that things should be rendered precisely as in the language of origin is very modern. When people were more internationally oriented and less particular about the country they were from, it used to be the norm for names to be anglicized, especially if they have a direct English equivalent. For example, "Pyotr" is a Russian given name, but we always speak of "Peter the Great" in English, because "Pyotr" is just the Russian rendition of "Peter". It's the same name. "Germany" is an English term derived from the Latin regional name "Germania;" "Deutschland" is a term that originated in the German language. However, until a few centuries ago, "Dutch" was a term commonly used for Germans , until it came to be exclusively associated with people from the Netherlands, who asserted a separate identity from the Germans.
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Why are we so worried about a plane that has gone missing? Couldn't it be assumed that it's in the ocean as no one on that flight has spoken out?
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It's a fairly new plane and they have no idea why it went down. If it was a design flaw it could happen again. If they don't know what the design flaw is, how can we be sure that in the next planes we start building the same flaw isn't there? Or if it was the pilot's fault for whatever reason, knowing why and investigating how it happened can prevent it from happening again. Until they find the plane, every guess has just as much credibility as the next and nothing will change.
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The recent changes to US healthcare and the changes happening in the near future
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**What happens under the Affordable Care Act:** *if you already get health insurance through your job*: Your children can stay on your health plan until they turn 26. Other than that, nothing else changes. *if you don't get insurance through your job*: You are required to have health insurance one way or another. No ifs, ands, or buts. If you're close to the poverty line, you can get on Medicaid. Otherwise, the government will give you money to buy health insurance. The government is in the process of setting up a public health insurance markets for people to choose insurers, as well as regulations that prevent insurance companies from gouging you. Insurance companies will be required to offer one-price insurance and cannot impose lifetime coverage limits or consider pre-existing conditions. *if you're a senior citizen and already on Medicare*: Nothing changes. *if you're already on Medicaid*: Nothing changes.Taxpayers pay $90 billion in medicare fraud every year, and the Affordable Care Act gives law enforcement the tools needed to fight that fraud. "For the first time federal officials have the power to overhaul the system under Obama's Affordable Care Act, which gives them authority to stop paying a provider they suspect is fraudulent." [[source]]
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Why does rain make the internet slow?
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Depends on type of connection the wifi uses, if it is through cable to wifi then the signal will be okay, if the wifi is connected through antenna the connection will get worse because the rain is blocking the signal from travelling from the signal emmiter which causes data loss along the way, so the data needs to be sent again.
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Why are "normal" bodily functions we all do such taboo topics or exceedingly gross when it's someone else's?
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It happened through evolution. A lot of germs or viruses can be transmitted through poop or blood or snot and many other things. If they are your own, you do not run much risk since you already have those germs/viruses within you. But from someone else's: that's like playing the lottery. I say it happened through evolution because people who were grossed out by someone else's bodily fluids had less chances of being infected in the rare case these communicated diseases. With time the people who were grossed out had more chances of survival than those who didn't and this became a somewhat common human trait. Now there's the special case of a SO. There again natural selection made you consider your SO's bodily fluids almost as safe as your own, otherwise we would never dare to reproduce. Sexual attraction will trump being grossed out.
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Why are some meats edible undercooked/raw?
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You can get [Trichinella spiralis] from undercooked pork, it can cause intense muscular pain, difficulty breathing, weakening of pulse and blood pressure, heart damage, and various nervous disorders. Not something you want.
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The controversy with Gabby Douglas' hair.
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It's not pulled back tight enough, it looks like it was haphazardly thrown together. It's not really a controversy so much as people just paying too much attention to a women's looks yet again. : It's something people with more experience with black hair and are thus those that are calling it out more readily.I think that because they cannot find fault in what she does they must talk about her hair to bring her down. Quite sad reallyThe "natural" look is frowned upon for some reason amongst African-American women. Someone made a documentary about it fairly recently and how it's totally ridiculous. It just seems to me like being ashamed of being black, and in this day and age it shouldn't even be a thing. Maybe that's just me, though.
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why does the show "Power Rangers" still have monsters that look like rubber costumes?
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Young children are not especially critical of shitty special effectsBecause they are trying to make the shows as cheaply as possible. Their core audience are kids like my 4 year old son, who is not bothered at all by their cheap ass production values.
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Why are certain types of plastic non-recyclable?
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In addition to economics, there are two main types of polymers. [Thermosets] are irreversibly cured: once they are formed they can't be re-formed. While these can't be recycled into new plastics, they may be re-purposed for other uses once their primary useful lifespan ends. What makes these materials unable to be re-used is that the polymer chains have a high degree of cross-linking. That is, instead of a jumble of individual chains the chains are bonded to each other to varying degrees . [Thermoplastics], on the other hand, generally lack this cross-linking which makes them easier to re-work and form into new plastics.
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why is water able to evaporated below the boiling point? I was always taught 212F (100C) was when water could turn into a gas.
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First let me say, if you have the time, ignore my answer and read the first chapter of the feynman lectures here: _URL_0_ Absolutely ELI5, great stuff. Here's my explanation. People found that liquid water is made of a huge number of tiny molecules. These attract and repel each other , and they're constantly moving and jiggling about. Evaporation is when the molecules on the surface, after some kick of energy from collisions below, break the last of their springs and bounce off into the air and just leave. And more and more leave like this, until poof, almost all are gone. So while temperature would affect it, it is not necessary for the water to be at boiling point. And you can imagine that different liquids evaporate at different rates based on the strength of those springy bonds. And temperature is nothing but the kinetic energy of these molecules. The higher the temperature, the more they kick around. Boiling is only a little bit different. It's not related to the water molecules on the SURFACE, but all around. Because you heated the water to such a high temperature that it just violently ejects water molecules all over the place, even inside . And it's very easy for water to escape in the form of vapour. Hope this cleared things up for you.
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Why does certain fast food give us diarrhea?
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It doesn't, unless you're *very* unaccustomed to greasy food. Food poisoning is always a possibility, but it's pretty rare with fast food, since the stores usually either don't handle raw meat at all or raw meat goes directly from frozen to the grill.it irritates the stomach which causes the stomach to quickly want to remove the food, which results in the shits.
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How floating point numbers are represented as bits. You know, mantissas and exponents and such.
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A floating point number has a dot in it like this 11.31234124. If this were money that could be 11 dollars and 31 cents How to express this in binary bits, 1's and 0's? First let's decide to limit the binary representation of our floating point number to 32 bits. Why? Because it turns out we won't need a lot more than that. Let's make this easy on ourselves: let's decide that the floating point numbers start with 1 to 4 digits, then a dot, then 6 more digits after the dot. For example, 123.456789 Easy. That fits in 32 bits, everything is the same, great. Wait, that's not good because what about 27122.8700 and 0.00000000438721109 ? That dot can be anywhere. Those wont fit in our fixed width scheme. Here's what we do instead: it turns out 27122.8700 is also 2.341233^12, and 0.00000000438721109 is 8.3124^-8 So to store floating point numbers in binary, we convert all floating point numbers into exponents where the mantissa part fits in our fixed width scheme, and we also need to store the exponent value and the sign of the exponent next to it which requires just a few more bits from our 32bits. There's also going to be some rounding errors in this conversion process so we also store an "exponent bias" which is a correction factor on the rounding errors.
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If I have to poo but hold it, when the sensation goes away (and it doesn't come back) what happens to my poo!? Does my body absorb some waste?
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It's sits in your intestine, being compressed by the new shit piling up. If you hold it too long you'll get constipated.
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Why do we instinctively seem to hit machines / devices that aren't functioning properly? Where did this come from?
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It's called "Percussive maintenance" and it's related to the old mechanical and analogue systems that used to drive machines where if they got stuck sometimes a sharp jolt to the machine could cause the stuck pieces to jump into their proper places.People are mentioning mechanical throwbacks, but I think chimps exhibit the same behavior when they can't get something to do what they want, so I think it's possibly more primitive.It's a result of frustration. Watched a study documenting frustration in animals; They basically taught a squirrel how to open a box with a nut in it, but when they made it so that the box wouldn't open or the nut was gone, the squirrel would become frustrated and try to break the box or throw it around. It was theorized that frustration in animals is a result of subverted expectations and in order to "work around" the new problem, excessive force was impulsive. If you can't open the box, break it. This mechanism is probably enough for regular animals, but is definitely obsolete when said animals start producing complicated and delicate machines.I learned from this guy, [Arthur Herbert Fonzarelli]. In time, this was reinforced by true life experience. To this day, a light rap on a CPU will unstick a CD tray. Edit: CPU in the generic, 1985 definition meaning the desktop case and all components within. Note this definition is wildly newer than The Fonz's technique.
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How can a drink (Monster / Coke / etc.) have zero calories?
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Protein, Fat, Carbohydrate are all converted to energy and energy is measured in calories. Almost every drink, whether it be fruit juice or sodas contain a ton of sugar which is where all the calories come from. Drinks with 0 calories replace the sugar with sweeteners, most commonly aspartame. Research shows that sweeteners make your body crave sugar, which is kind of why they are not better for you than regular sodas.
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why is there not an app or website for voting?
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It's a horrible idea. A virus, a hack or a DDOS attack could destroy the integrity of the whole system. Many people are against even using electronic voting machines because they leave no paper trail, doing it online is a no go. and it would be nearly impossible to keep it anonymous which is a *critical* part of the system.
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Why are campaign funds correlated with winning an election? Why don't people just vote for who is the best person for the country?
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Because marketing is everything. If you don't know somebody exists, how do you vote for them?", 'One theory behind the correlation between fundraising and winning elections is that the money follows success, not vice versa. People are more likely to donate to candidates that they like, so the most popular candidate will generally tend to raise the most money from supporters. Of course, the exact nature of the correlation is still debated by political scientists.How does one decide who is best for the country? A few will take the time to be informed properly on most major issues and the stances of the candidates on those, some are die-hard supporters for one party or candidate and some will decide based on the candidate's responses to a single issue which to them is the most important. The rest will look to the news or adverts wherever they come across them to influence their views of the candidates running. These people will often decide to vote, but they will not bother to find out much relevant information, instead choosing to remain [rationally ignorant] in their eyes. Whoever can put on the best media campaign will influence more people think they're great or that the other person is really bad. Since a large number of potential voters are of this type, to harness this voting bloc is to be in with a big chance of winning. In a country like America , where there is little if any regulation or transparency of campaign donations or spending, this is an available and potent weapon in a political campaign, which everyone must exploit to be even in with a chance of winning.
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