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How does cancer end up killing a person?
There are a lot of ways that it can play out. Cancer makes your blood more prone to clotting, so sometimes people develop fatal clots. As it spreads and invades through the body, it may pierce through boundaries that normally separate, say, your stool-filled colon from your bloodstream, causing a massive and very likely fatal infection. Or it may result in fluid building up around your heart and compressing it too much for it to pump blood. Or it may invade into your spine, paralyzing you and keeping you from breathing. Basically, if it goes on long enough, and can spread to anywhere disrupting nerves, muscles, and barriers, causing blood clots, clamping off blood vessels, intestines, lympatics, etc. Even if one, two, or three of these can be stopped before they get too far along, as the cancer spreads these problems will keep popping up until eventually, somehow, the cancer kills you. Because there's not just one way that it can kill you, there's not really a way to defend against it short of eliminating the cancer. Unfortunately, once cancer has spread it's often almost impossible to eliminate.There are different ways cancer caan Kill, most cancers Kill you by repressing normal tissue and tissue function, for example a brain tumor basically squishes parts of your brain away causing it to get damaged and lowering the blood supply. Many cancers like for example Melanoma or Prostate cancer would technically not be dangerous by themselves, I mean then you have a large brown/black spot on your arm, who cares right? The issues is that many cancers like to dislodge some cells into your bloodstream where they will start growing in other places, like again in your brain. A complete other form of cancers is leukemia, they kill by simply repressing your bodies normal blood production, leaving you often with extremely fast growing, fragile, useless cells in your blood.
How much time does it take for disposable plastic water bottles to become dangerous to refill/reuse?
Spend the 6-10 dollars to buy a basic water bottle form Nalgene or a a little more and get a steel one. They are washable, refillable, and cost effective in the long run. Problem solved, and you can hand wash or throw in the dishwasher to your heart's content to sterilize and reuse.A bit late, but I once used my plastic water bottle for 1 or 2 months at work and at the end I was like "This tastes a bit weird.." then I looked at the bottom of the bottle just to see a green ring at the bottom. Like the green things you see in fish tanks on the glass. Now I always bring a water bottle from home and wash it oftenSome baby products have explicitly stated "Bisphenol B FREE" on their packaging. I would assume this suggests other non-baby products have this in their plastic's container or bottle. I also found a study about micro-plastics littering our sea salt and fish's meat ! [Tests] have shown billions of people globally are drinking water contaminated by plastic particles, with 83% of samples found to be polluted. I think we are already doomedI would just buy a reusable water bottle, so much cheaper and better for the environment, and even your health, paid $15 for a stainless steel 32 oz and I find myself drinking more water than ever before since its readily available.I've been using the same PETE water bottle for about 3 years now never washed it or anything. It never gets icky, either. It was originally a 1 liter 'Sky Springs Rain' ultra premium filtered rainwater bottle. I just fill it with tap water. I seem to be in fine health but that's just my opinion. The OP's question is a fallacy in motion in that it assumes that 'disposable plastic water bottles' become dangerous to reuse. Do they? This is just one sample, but I don't think they necessarily have to.
Why do phone touchscreens react to skin and water but not to metal and other conductors?
[Here is a video which explains it fully.] It's basically anything which is big and conductive.
How does the alarm for a passenger not wearing their seatbelt in a car NOT go off when you have a large amount of weight sitting in the passenger seat?
The car doesn't know unless you have some new model of car which I haven't heard of. It's just that there aren't many objects you put in the passenger seat which weigh nearly as much as a human.
Why does the answer in a series of operations change when you don't follow the PEMDAS rule?
A mathematical operation is called [associative] when it doesn't matter what order it's done in. For example, addition is associative, so +4 = 2+. Not all operations are associative. For example -4 ≠ 2-. So you can't just assume an operation will be associative. And you're not talking about a single operation, you're talking about multiple different operations. I can't think of any combinations of operations that are associative. I can't think of any better way to explain it than to say that different operations do different things. 2 * is different than +4 because 2 *7 is different than 6+4.PEMDAS is like a language. If someone writes a problem in French, then you have to read it in French. If you try to read it as if it was Spanish it won’t look anything like the writer intended.
why didnt hydrogen fuel cells take off?
I don't know the exact reason but I believe the answer has to do with a couple of things. First is the cost of producing a hydrogen fuel cell is still more expansive than producing an electric or gasoline engine. Second, the power output of a hydrogen fuel cell is far less than that of an electric or gasoline engine. I think the electric engine is winning the current war on clean power for the automotive industry.Without gas stations, gasoline cars would be useless. Right now there are only about 70 hydrogen refueling stations. That makes it impossible for hydrogen cars, with a Max range of about 170miles, to get around the country.
When someone is sentenced to death, why does it take so long to carry out the sentence? Up to 25-30 years in some cases.
* you can't reverse an execution, those convicted of a capital offense are given every opportunity to appeal* many groups oppose the death penalty on moral grounds and will make significant legal resources available to those facing the death penalty, more so than someone merely facing life in prison* governor, judges, parole board members and other government officials are not keen to have blood on their hands, and will pass the buck to someone else, delaying the process
female voices are higher pitch than male voices, so why can you still hear the difference between a male and female voice when they sing the exact same note for example?
Because timbre is what determines the characteristics of an instrument. Think of each person as a monophonic synthesiser that has a very unique oscillator and filter settings, because the size and shape of each person's throat, chest and head are different, the sound produced by each will be different, and that's how two people singing the exact same frequency will sound different. Much like when the same note is played on a piano or a flute will sound different no matter if they are on the same octave.
Body makes cancer cells everyday, why don’t we have cancer?
Cancer happens when the body's immune system is compromised. There is a growing body of studies and knowledge from bio-regenerative sciences which show that improving the body's immune system destroys cancer much better than chemotherapy and radiation treatments. While not yet mainstream, boosting the immune system several hundred or thousand times to rapidly overcome cancer is the future of cancer treatment.
What is economic left and right? I don't understand.
There is no straightforward answer to this question, but I'll try. The most basic difference between the left and right side of the economic debate is a question of a right to ownership of means of production. Under means of production, I understand the capital i.e. factories, utilities, education, health care and other elements required towards converting work to products of work . The left side gradually gravitates towards control of the means of production by communities. So a local community would become self-sufficient i.e. could trade their products of work for other necessities with other communities. The right side gradually gravitates towards control by the individual, i.e. accumulation of the capital within one entity or by one person, claiming the right to ownership and accumulation of the capital.*edit: I kinda forgot to add the accumulation of capital leads to a possibility of earning an income from rent which is the point of all this. So one ultimate owner would extract surplus value from the capital and work and accumulate it further in order to claim rent on the accumulated capital and accumulate more.* And there's a centre position but it's 2018 and we know it's bullshit.
What exactly is health insurance?
Premium: the amount you pay an insurance company per month Deductible: If something bad happens this is the amount that you have to pay before your insurance kicks in. Co pay: similar to a deductible, mostly used for regular medicines or check ups. You pay this amount for a check up or prescription while the insurance company covers the rest. Usually takes the place of a deductible. Limits: This is the most amount of money the insurance company will pay, after you've paid the deductible, for certain situations. There are limits for the policy as a whole as well as for specific accidents or accident types.Many jobs include health benefits like dental, vision and health insurance. If they do not, or you are not working enough hours to gain these benefits, you can research health insurance companies and find a plan that works for you. Medical care can get really, really expensive. If you are injured but don’t have insurance, you will be faced with the full amount of the hospital bill. Paying a monthly premium for insurance can cut this bill down significantly. Your insurance will cover a large portion of the costs and you will pay the difference of what they do not cover. Better plans cost more, but also cover more treatments and at more places. There are HMOs and PPOs . HMOs give you access to certain doctors and hospitals covered within the plan. These doctors have agreed to lower there costs for members, but only if you seek medical care under a doctor/hospital within the plan. PPOs are more flexible, allowing you to seek help from doctors not covered in their network. Long story short, HMOs are less expensive but only if you are treated under doctors covered in their network. PPOs are more expensive but allow more flexibility. Having insurance is like wearing a seatbelt, you might not need it all the time but when you do, it’s good to have it.
What's the difference between clinical depression and sadness?
Sadness is a reactive response to a situation or event Depression is a disorder which can happen for reasons not related to events etc. from the person's viewpoint it seems like it happens for no reason, scientifically there's some stuff happening with chemicals in your brain causing it. People can naturally get over sadness given time but depression usually requires medication and sometimes therapy to help reprogram the way you think If we think of it like a car, sadness is like when it breaks down, there's a cause and a fix, depression is like if it has a major design flaw so even brand new it doesn't work properly
Why can't we just do fission and fusion on the same atoms an unlimited amount of times?
Light element like hydrogen produce more energy during fusion than needed to create that fusion, but it would take it would take too much energy to create fission . Heavy element like Uranium produce more energy during fission than need to start that fission, but it would take more energy to create fusion with those elements than the resulting fusion would produce. In the middle you have Iron. It's the lightest element that take more energy for fusion, than it produce. When a star reach the condition to fusion Iron, it start to absorb energy, making the star collapse.Not all fission / fusion "reactions" give off energy, many need energy input to make it happen. H + H = > He --- gives off energy, to Split He = > H + H you have to put the same energy back into the reaction. For fission we are using very "large" atoms that essentially want to break down into smaller ones, and give off a little energy. To reverse this process we then have to add energy back. There is no free energy - periodAssuming all the technical hurdles were ironed out, why would you do this? If you perform this one way with an atom to get an exothermic reaction, then you would need to capture that energy, or input replacement energy, to reverse the reaction. So you would effectively be taking an atom apart in order to power putting it back together, or vice versa.
why are loading bars inconsistent?
First, the programmers don't really care. But the other issue is that in many cases it isn't easy to determine how long the process will take to determine where the bar should be. Suppose for example that the program needs to download some data, run some processes on it, copy the resulting data to disk, then run some more processes. That is four steps that need to be completed, but should each take up the same amount of the bar? The processing is probably faster than the downloading maybe. And the download speed isn't just unknown when the program is being written, it can change *while it is running!* In order to make the bar move smoothly and end when the process is completed then the program must be able to predict exactly how long the entire process will take from the start. That is very difficult if not impossible in many situations, and it isn't really a problem that needs solving.
Why can potent corrosive acids be held in glass beakers?
Some acids will actually corrode glass. You can look up acid etching on glass. That's how they make patterns on some mirrors. These acids generally have to be stored in specific kinds of plastic that won't bond with the acid
Why do car manufacturers keep making similar styles instead of rebooting a more vintage style that people would spend crazy amounts on, or even making a new car thats similar to those vintage styles?
There is 2 reasons I can think of, one finicial and one technical. Finically, the amount of people that would be interested in a retro style car is probably just not enough to warrant full production. Customs and small quantity shops are already established and can produce many classic cars vs 1 production model. A major car manufacturer just wouldn't have enough motivation to produce that kind of car. Technically, the design of cars changed drastically due to the driving forces of safety and fuel efficiency. Old cars often have poor aerodynamics making them less fuel effecient. The frame/structure of retro cars wouldn't be able to meet today's standards for crash safety. Tldr; not enough people to validate a full production and its design would be too crap vs today's standards to even be legal.The plymouth PT ceuiser was a disaster, maintenance wise. The redesigned ford thunderbird was a bar of soap, causally neutered. The bubble top chevy s10 was also too effeminate. The chrysler HHR was just plain ugly.As far as taking a risk, design wise, and selling well, i would nominate thepontiac aztek. It was novel, yet vintage in its blocky, cubist style. Everyone had one, 2002-2008', "People like exclusive things. Be that cars, watches, clothes, whatever. A real vintage car is rare, which means the owner has something that most people don't have. This makes that person feel better or more exclusive than his or her peers. Rebooting old vintage styles is just a copy, copies aren't exclusive because everyone can get them.
What is so hard about calculus?
Calculus tends to be the first time student is expected to think in a more abstract way about math. It's not really that it's so hard per se, but that it's usually the first example of a new, higher level of math students encounter. So it's mostly just a question of why curriculum is structured as it is. You totally could do this conceptual jump with another topic. I've seen logic, geometry and algebra being used for this as well, and students each time consider those courses exceptionally difficult.
How is water digested?
It's absorbed from your large intestine, into your blood stream. Your kidneys filter that blood to make urine. If you have a lot of water in your bloodstream, they form dilute urine , if you have low water content in your blood, they form concentrated urine . So no matter how much water you consume, kidneys keep water levels in your blood, balanced. The process is called osmoregulation if you're interested in going in-depth.
Why ISS don't perform a constant movement to create G Force so astronauts can avoid bad results of the Zero G environment?
As impressive as the ISS is, by any objective standard it is the equivalent of a horse drawn carriage for space. A ship capable of creating gravity by rotating is significantly more advanced and is currently beyond our technological and economic capabilities. We will get there with time, I imagine whatever replaces the ISS will likely rotate for gravity, but when the ISS was being built it wasn't in the cards.
what happens to your body during a drug overdose, and how can it be stopped immediately?
It completely depends on the drug. A heroin overdose and a meth overdose do completely different things. They're both bad but neither are good for you. An overdose just means that you've taken too much of a drug and it becomes harmful to your body, preventing it from operating normally.
How could different human species reproduce to make fertile young?
That definition is a good starting point but actual nature is much more complicated. Some species can interbreed with a mismatched number of chromosomes and some can't . Various equine mixes are USUALLY sterile but sometimes not. Lions and tigers are clearly different species but can mix. Domestic cats and some Wildcats can make hybrids. There are even groups of species where A can mix with B and B can mix with C but C can't mix with A Humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovians all have the same chromosomes and interbred numerous times in different places.
Why do people start to feel sick when reading in cars?
It's hard for your eyes to focus on the words on the page. In nature, that's generally associated with food poisoning, so your brain tries to make you throw up to get rid of it.
Why is talking about politics in the United States taboo, socially, when that is what the nation was founded upon?
Talking Politics is a fight in a box. It gets dicey even in Canada and places in Europe But in the USA? Where people are regularly told they're under attack and that anyone who disagrees with deregulating mining protections of national parks wants the terrorists to win? Talking politics with friends can be a quick and easy way of making sure those who were quietly holding radically opposing views are about to drop the whole 'friends' part. You can probably naturally end up talking politics with good, close friends, but work-colleagues and the like, people are used to it ending badly.
Why is it so dangerous to consume human meat?
For most part it's not dangerous to consume it. You won't choke up and die from eating a human meat steak. Acquiring fresh disease free supply is the issue.
What is happening in our vocal cords/throat when we lose our voice
Not an expert, so don't take my word for it but my basic understanding from what I've heard from choir directors and such is that the vocal cords become inflamed/swollen, making them chafe against each other when they vibrate. If you tend to use your voice often, or like to scream a lot, even if they heal after a week or so, in the long term the chafing can create blisters or vocal nodes on your cords and result in permanent voice damage.
why would a company owner/ CEO want to have a board of directors?
Generally you didn't just start a company with your own bare hands. You got other people's money to help you build it. Those people have a say in how the company gets run. If you can self fund the company and have no outside investor such that you can retain complete ownership then you won't have a board of directors that is capable of firing you. You will likely be small, but you will be in control. The board is generally full of experienced business leaders who can help guide the company and the CEO along the path to success. If your board wants to fire you, its because you suck for the company.
Why do reproductive organs need to be covered in a hospital xray but not at the airport?
Metal detector.. I've never seen an actual x-ray at an airport that is aimed towards people and not luggage
Why do companies like Verizon work so hard to limit customers internet usage?
What's the average limit on broadband plans in the USA? I mean, the one you can afford if you're a student or just started to live there with an average job, how much data can you afford? EDIT: Are the mobile data plans different or bundled with broadband? If different, how much mobile data can you get on average?
Why is still there no viable male contraceptive aside from having yourself snipped?
The true answer is that there hasn't been nearly enough attention and proper research dedicated to this task compared to female contraceptives.
How "voice training" affect larynx muscles and vocal cords biologically?
I'm a streamer and I use sound isolating headphones. I naturally talk louder as I dimply don't hear myself. After 6 hours of stream my vical cords do get tired still, but not as much as at the beginning. The difference isn't that great, I would say. So I assume it does help a little, but not enough to make it worth training daily. Also it took a really long time and many hours to get a small benefit.
Why rainbows are arched and what factors decide their dimensions?
You know those pictures that change as you move? They're made out of lots of little ridges and the picture you see when you look from one direction is different than the picture you see from another direction? A rainbow is like that. The raindrops are shooting multicolored light in all different directions, but you only see the light from your viewpoint. From your viewpoint, the color slowly transitions through the colors as the angle changes and it looks pretty.
Why aren't animals dinosaur sized anymore?
There are animals larger than any known dinosaur alive today. However, they live in the ocean. Animals that size on land today would run afoul of a significant disadvantage, humans. We don't like big, dangerous, disruptive animals. We don't leave many vast pristine environments for some large herd to feed itself off of. We tend to cut up the land and use it for ourselves. Many large land animals have been made extinct in part by human action. Being big is just like any other adaptation. It might be useful, it might be harmful. It depends on the circumstances. In today's circumstances, it is often likely harmful. Harmful changes tend to be less successful and become less prevalent or die out.The ecosystem shrank in size because during one of the earlier mass extinction periods the oxygen content of the atmosphere was dramatically reduced. It became impossible for creatures as large as some dinosaurs were to breathe.
Where does the idea of breathing into a brown paper bag when panicking come from?
It's to increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood. I'd try to explain, but this does a better job! _URL_0_
I read that lightning produces enough energy to power a city. Why can't we harness the power of lightning as a form of clean energy?
There are problems. * lightning damages most things it comes into contact with, which would likely include any apparatus to catch it * you would need some way to store the energy that can charge up basically instantaneously with a tolerance for an excessively high current. These don't exist.
How does defogging the windshield work?
The fog on the windows is primarily caused by differences in moisture rather than differences in temperature, though temperature plays a role too. Air that travels through your car's AC is also dehumidified, so if it blows on a humid windshield it will take some of that moisture away from the glass, which is what defogs the windshield.The colder air is, the less water it can hold. So when you hit the defroster, the AC system chills the air way down, which makes it drop water. That water drips out of the bottom of the car. So now the air is cold and dry. But warmer air can hold more water, so if you heat up the air at this point, it will work even better. So the fastest way to defrost your windows is to hit the defroster, which turns on the AC system and drains water out of the bottom of the car, and turn the heat all the way up, which helps the air hold more water.If it's cold outside water in the air condenses on the cold glass, like a mirror when you breath on it. Heat up the window and the water wont condense there. Boom no fog. If its fogging up in summer you are making the window to cold.[Mark Rober explains it well here] Warm air can hold more moisture AC air becomes less humid Bringing in cold air from outside is good because that air held less moisture The air condition contains a dehumidifier. So if you turn that off you are turning off what actually removes moisture from the air.
why does our sun appear yellow/orange, while distant stars appear whiteish / blue?
Sunlight more or less defines our standard of white light. It only looks a little yellowish when viewed in contrast with the blue sky, because our eyes are much better at seeing differences in colour than absolute colours. As for the stars, there are red stars and blue up there, but their colours appear very washed out because they're so dim. The cells in our retina that sense colour are relatively insensitive to light and few stars are bright enough to show their colours to the naked eye. Go out and find [Rigel] and [Betelgeuse] to see two of the brightest colourful stars that are relatively close together in the sky.Your color vision only works when there is a good deal of light to take in. When it is dark, like at night looking at the stars, you mostly see in black and white. That said, planets and very bright stars will often retain a bit of their color.
What is it about Maths that makes it the most commonly disliked subject in school?
It's a new language that you have to learn in a specific order to get right and there is a single right answer that can't be bullshitted. Both hard things to deal with for kids. It's also pretty much entirely conceptual so most people won't get into it and end up bored to tears. Taxes are a lot like that too. Just a guess though. It'll be different for every kid I'd assume.Arithmetic is a dead bore. Math is fascinating. But I presume that most people learn to hate Arithmetic and never get past it.
How is the US able to get away with such a huge debt for so long?
in addition to what has already been stated. It's not just the US that is in debt. Other countries are also in debt to the US. The US owes about $21 trillion. At the same time, the rest of the world owes the US nearly the same amount. So if any one country tried to call in their IOU, the whole system would crash.
How are brain surgeons able to remove a tumor inside the brain without damaging the brain?
They do damage the brain. They just damage the absolute minimum required to remove the tumor, if they're good.
Why tranquilizer darts have a fluffy red tail thing?
It's called [fletching]. It's serves the same purpose as the feathers on the end of an arrow. It aerodynamically stabilizes the dart in flight, allowing it to fly straight and true.
what’s the difference between a virus and a bacteria ?
First of all, size. Viruses are very very small, consisting of a string of genetic code, a protein sheath surrounding the genes, and occasionally a second layer comprised of fat to aid in infiltrating new cells. Bacteria are far larger, and consist of most of the same parts we would recognize in our own cells. Viruses are also incredibly simple; they can't do anything on their own, relying entirely on the cells they infects to perform their work. They're also not alive; the current most widely-accepted description of the traits of something that is alive includes, but is not limited to: 1. Internal state regulation 2. Being composed of one or more complete cells3. Energy production4. Growth Viruses don't exhibit any of these traits; hence, they are generally not considered alive, in contrast to bacteria, which are.
If a human child was somehow raised up by animals, would the child be able to communicate with the animals?
I want to put my dick in you". And they use body language a lot. No verbal communication, other than some noises. Plus, humans can't do certain things animals can. We have no tails or flappy ears, we can't piss a little bit here and then a little bit there, we can't make most of the noises animals can, other stuff Nah. At least not really. First, we don’t really have a clear idea of how animals communicate. We know that some use sounds, some use odours, some use gestures, etc. Well, humans can’t change their physiology so they wouldn’t be able to make the monkey cry that says ‘get up the trees snakes are coming’ and they wouldn’t be able to emit the pheromones that ants use to signal dangers . I assume that they would be able to understand and reproduce to a small extent some of the gesturality by wolves for instance, but without great precision ans mostly as a ‘natural selection’ sort of thing . Now, we don’t have a great many examples of people being raised by animals. There was this girl called Jenny who was then rescued but her story was tragic as she was exploited by everyone around her after her rescue for research or media attention. I don’t think we really know if she was able to communicate with animals , but we do know that she never managed to learn human language.
Why do the same species of freshwater fish (like pike, musky, perch) show up in non-contiguous freshwater bodies- especially in the Wisconsin-Minnesota-boundary waters area?
Clarence River Cod". It is thought there was a flooding event about a million years ago that let fish from one river system spread to anotherSeperation of species takes hundreds of thousands if not millions of years, the fresh bodies of water havent even been their in their current forms that long.
Why Windows still slows down after some time, and it's not fixed even when reinstalled.
It could be dust which is causing your CPU to heat up and throttle. Install a temperature sensor software to see what your CPU temps are. If they are high like 30C over ambient temperature while your computer is idle i.e. not running anything too demanding like a game then that means you need to clean up the CPU heatsink fan. If you're not comfortable opening up the casing and messing about in there you may want to take it into a repair shop and have them remove the fan, clean it, remove the old thermal paste and reapply fresh paste and reattach the fan on top of the CPU. Also /r/techsupport would have been a better subreddit to post this question in.
Why do flies "like" us? What do they find interesting in our skin, so much so that they return to rest insistently even after being driven out?
One time a fly was bothering me when I was doing the dishes. I grabbed a knife and swatted at it. I shit you not I cut it's right wing off! I put it in the microwave for 8 minutes. Then I opened it and it jumped out at me. Thought for sure it would have exploded. Scared the shit out of me. Anyways, moral of the story is just use a fly swatter. It's way easier to kill them that way.Flies have a very very short memory, after you try and scare it off, it forgets what just happened, and comes back to explore the new human it just saw for food particles.Short memory span so they don't associate you with 'swatter' 'murderer'. Also, you're salty, and who doesn't like a little salt?
What are the practical difference between apple phones and android phones?
Apple: it just works. It's high quality hardware, and the software is very easy to use. Certainly if you have other Apple devices, it's very easy to synchronize cloud data, music, calendars, On the downside it's expensive, and not that personal. Apart from the color and the apps you install, nearly all iPhones are identical. Android: find a perfect fit. You can change a lot of the appearance, customizing it to your personal taste. If you need some inspiration: [a good place to start is launchers]. They determine the main styling of your home screen, and you can pick simple [iOS look-alikes] or more [sleek and futuristic designs]. This goes for everything: you can pick your own calendar apps, music players, weather app, keyboard, which can be much more to your liking. Finally: high end smartphones are luxury products. People seem to forget that sometimes. If you're on a budget, a $200 Android is all you need.Android provides far more customisation options, a better assistant compared to Siri, however software updates are manufacturer-dependent so it often takes a long time for updates to reach android phones, and they are usually supported for less time compared to iPhones. . New android devices almost universally use USB-C which is an open standard so it’s easier/cheaper to find accessories. iOS offers better privacy , a generally easier to use and more streamlined experience at the cost of a closed ecosystem and fewer customisation options. Integration with other Apple devices is something nobody else comes close to, if you’re willing to invest or already own a Mac, Apple Watch, etc. then iOS provides serious benefit there> meaning you can change just about everything because it open source That requires to be able to do some programming. 99% of the users have no clue how to do that
If white rice is so lacking in nutritional value, how come it's a staple for over half the human race?
I think it is lacking in nutrition if eaten by it's self. For example I have heard beans and rice together form full protien chains. So it makes a good filler/ supplement to other foods.
If I pull a plug from an outlet does the electricity instantly disappear, if so why?
The simplest explanation I can think of is to pretend that the electricity are like water. When you turn the tap on the water flows through the pipe , when you turn the tap off the water is still there, it just doesn't move any more. Electricity works in pretty much the same way - the electrons are still there when you pull the plug, they just aren't moving.
Why are personality disorders so difficult to treat?
The brain has many self-defense mechanisms that prevent things from changing it. That's mighty handy to survive poisonous plants. These defense mechanisms also block most chemicals that might change the state of the brain in a desirable way. In addition, there is not real test for most such disorders. The person might not agree that they have a problem at all. With no test, and few mechanisms to make a change, it's just never going to be as easy as treating non-brain conditions.Personality disorders are extremely complex. Its not the case of "oh you have an infection, here's an antibiotic to kill the bacteria." We barely even know how antidepressants or antipsychotics work, and we definitely don't know what causes personality disorders. Is it genetic? Is it chemical? Is it learned behavior? Is it structural differences in the brain? Some combination of the above? It's impossible to treat something effectively if you don't fully understand the underlying causes.
Why eggs in Europe don't have to be refrigerated while in North America they do.
When eggs are laid, they have a protective coating on them that slows down possible contamination that would eventually cause the eggs to spoil. Chicken eggs tend to be exposed to waste material so in the US they are washed. A consequence of that washing is the protective coating is removed. For this reason the eggs now need to be refrigerated to prevent them from spoiling. In Europe, the consumer washes the eggs at home so the protective coating stays on until the eggs gets used meaning it doesn't need to be refrigerated.
How does a home central AC work? Does it use any water?
An air conditioner works by circulating a fluid between two heat exchangers. There is a cold one inside of your ductwork and a hot one outside. A heat exchanger is a coil of tubing with fins on it. It trades heat between the fluid inside with air until they are the same temperature. You can manipulate the fluid's temperature by changing its pressure. Increasing the fluid's pressure will increase its temperature, and decreasing the pressure will lower the temperature. A compressor compresses the fluid and makes it very hot. This hot fluid goes through the outside heat exchanger to cool down to the temperature of the outside air. Then this high pressure fluid travels through pipes into your house where it passed through an expansion valve. The expansion valve only lets a little bit of fluid through at a time, causing the other side to have a low pressure and becomes very cold. The cold fluid goes into the inside heat exchanger where it trades heat with the air inside your house. The air becomes colder and the fluid becomes warmer. The warmed, low pressure fluid goes back outside through another pipe and returns to the compressor to start the cycle again.HVAC tech here. If you are worried about bactiria when using a humidifier look into getting uv blubs put into your ductwork. Kills mold and bacteria.
How did humanity get this far with only recently having clean, filtered water to drink from ?
The source of clean water is a lot more abundant and clean in ancient times than now, naturally filtered. Fire was also discovered millenia ago and we've a record of people boiling water to drink from ancient time.Boiling their water maybe? I have family in Cuba and it’s common to boil their tap water . If not, you get sick.
In animation, objects that are going to move in a scene (usually rocks) are a different color than anything around it. Why is this?
Three reasons: One is because the process used to make older shows is called 'cel animation' and involved layers upon layers of artwork that was combined into a single scene. Disney pioneered this [technique] and made use of it for his movies, which drastically increased the speed that animation could be produced. However, since nothing is 100% transparent, all those layers add up to darker the background. The moving objects are literally closer to the camera and appear to be 'brighter' even when they are the same colour in real life. Two is that you may notice that some films don't have this and it's usually a sign of high quality. The fact is that Sunday morning cartoons we're often produced on a shoestring budget and with very little time to spare, often only having a week to work on it. In this case, it doesn't make sense to make a bunch of background or items in different shades to match with respect to the layering. It just wasn't cost effective to worry about. Third is that teams of in-betweeners were the ones making the cel sheets that have the animations, whereas the backgrounds are painted months in advance. It was literally different people, who could potentially be on opposite sides of the country making the different pieces. However, the reasoning is the same. It just wasn't cost effective to have them redo the sheets to account for changes in light because of the layering. It's obviously possible because certain films, notable Disney, did account for this. But low-budget Sunday morning cartoons very obviously did not. Some people mentioned that we didn't have the ability to match colours and stuff, but that's just nonsense. It wasn't that they couldn't, it's that it wasn't worth the time and cost because they had to make physical objects for each and every frame. This is also the same reason why you see poses and actions reused: cost effectiveness.
Q-tips have a warning not to use in the ear canal. So what are Q-tips for?
Along with the other answers, they are great for cleaning anything with a lot of nooks and crannies. I can go through an entire box when I'm cleaning rifles.
What happens if you take a sleeping pill right after having a long sleep?
I accidentally took an ambien one morning, mistaking it for my thyroid pill. No choice to stay home - I was in the military and my office was on an inspection deadline. The first two hours of work were excruciating to power through. I felt like I was trying to function after an all-nighter. I eventually rebounded, but I wasn't right for a couple of days.I used to buy all generic pills from the drug store. All of the bottles and many of the pills looked alike. Had a headache early one day at work. Took what I thought were two generic Aleve but ended up being two generic Tylenol PM. Longest fucking workday of my lifeWhen I had brain cancer they would give me a liquid Benadryl because I was allergic to my chemo. Would put me straight outYou might spray Febreze on your frosted flakes before eating them. Thanks Ambien, I really enjoyed that floral crunch.
Why are most archaeological sites buried? Why would they get covered with that much earth?
in the case of cities it is because cities are in objectively good locations and civilizations don't just decide to leave their current city, move 5 miles away and rebuild everything. and they don't have garbage trucks and bulldozers. so garbage tends to get buried over time. it is a lot easier than excavating and then carrying the dirt ouf ot town one wheelbarrow at a time. keep in mind that this is true both of household garbage and foundations of old buildings. the former turn into dirt the latter are too heavy to move when no longer needed.
Why it is said that how SSRIs work is unknow, when their name clearly suggests that they block re uptake of serotonin?
They do increase available serotonin nearly immediately but that's not how/why they help symptoms or they would provide relief immediately. The effects are downstream, meaning changing one thing changes something else. No one knows what that something else is.
When a magnet moves things around, where is that energy coming from?
Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental forces of the universe. To rephrase simply, it's always there and will always be there. More mechanically, some types of particles interact with the electromagnetic field and some do not. That's a property of the particle. When the particle is present in an electromagnetic field , the interaction will happen. The stronger the value of the field, the stronger the interaction. The more of those particles, the more of those interactions. So, to ELY5, the action comes from the fact that something is generating a magnetic field, and there's particles present within it that move if they're in magnetic field, just because that's what they do. For more information, look into why some objects increase the strength of the electromagnetic field in their area.its potential energy, it was always there since the beginning of time. When you bring two magnets together, the potential energy gets converted to kinetic energy.
How does a nose produce a seemingly infinite amount or snot?
I actually learned this recently in Anatomy and Phys. lecture: essentially, your blood is composed of liquid plasma and formed elements . When your nose runs seemingly endlessly, the plasma is filtered through and used to produce snot by the mucous membranes of the nasal passages. In other words, you're leaking plasma through your nose, which is quickly replenished by the body.
Why do American houses have such thin walls?
Well, it's a movie, so take it with a grain of salt. And second, standard American housing construction is comprised of wood frames, wood studs, and drywall. Assuming you don't hit a stud, drywall isn't terribly resistant .
How do MRIs work?
If you close your eyes and tap different things with your fingernail you'll notice that they give off different sounds. If you practiced you probably could figure out what many things are made of just by the sound they makes when you tap them. If you kept your eyes closed and had a friend start tapping things you not only could tell what they were, but also roughly where they were. If you kept practicing you probably could get really good at it and maybe even create an imagine in your head of a room just by listening to a friend tap on things. Bodies are also made up of different things, but we need a way to tap those things without having to actually touch them. The way that is done is with a big magnet. Just like how a magnet can pull things toward it, it also can tap on the things in our body. Same way the things you might tap with your fingernail give off different sounds, the things in your body give off radio waves when you tap them with a magnet. People are mostly made up of water and other things that contain hydrogen. Hydrogen is a very simple thing and MRIs are really good at listening for the sound it makes when you tap it. Once it taps the hydrogen in your body it listens very closely for those radio waves and can tell where they are coming from, how long they last, and how many there are. If you put that all together with knowing how much hydrogen there is in different things and how it behaves you can create a pretty good image of the inside of a person.
What does pleading guilty mean?
Just to add one more reason why someone might plead guilty : sometimes people acknowledge that they've done something wrong and regret it. Part of the purpose of the justice system is meant to be to reform people, so it is good to encourage this kind of honesty.It essentially prevents his case from going to trial, making the verdict based of his plea, which usually comes with some kind of benefit for the defendant for making it easier on the court.
Why the hell do geese slowly walk across the road instead of fly?
Because we haven't gotten sick enough of the fuckers to run them down. I live where geese stopped migrating and moved in. 20 lb pigeons with poos the size of poodle's poo Edit. And because actual doing so is against the law. Damn.Why dont you sprint everywhere you go rather than walk?
What actually happens to the body when someone dies of old age, and why?
Your cells die faster then they are made you essentially slowly turn to dust that's a huge simplification but this is an eli5 This generally starts in your 30s you slowly start dieing this is probably going to get removed for being to short but it's essentially just you start breaking faster then you're building
Why is the sky Red, Orange, Yellow, and Blue, but never green? ROYgBIV tells me that the light wavelengths should go from yellow to green before they get blue.
You absolutely do see green in sunsets, regularly. It's faint, but at altitude it's almost always there. Source: airline pilot, I see a lot of sunsets, many are green.
Why is compiled code impossible to access unless the uncompiled source code is available. Can’t game devs get a retail ROM and decompile the code from that?
[Decompilers] exist, but lots of information gets lost when compiling. For example, code comments and variable names can't be recovered. This makes it difficult to reverse engineer code from executables.
Why are there no electric guitars with built in speakers or amplifiers
My dad has an old electric guitar with a built-in speaker. I'd have to check on the brand and model though, but they do exist. Just doesn't seem very practical versus having an actual amp.In addition to everything else everyone’s mentioned: the electric guitar is a lightweight, mobile instrument compared to its peers . Adding an amp would mean the guitarist would have to maintain their position and direction for the entire gigMy first guitar was a Synsonics TERMINATOR. _URL_0_ Built in amp and a maybe 4" speaker in the body. It sounded like complete shit, but whatever.they do, i bought one for my son, but it's not really practical for performance , just for practising and as a bit of a novelty if he keeps practicing i'll buy him a tele!.
Why do litters of animals have a runt? Why is there always one offspring that happens to be weaker than the rest?
Multiple reasons birth defect or opportunity. lets say a mother has 6 nips but had 7 babies, if that extra baby can't get in cause of the first feeding you can assume the others are strong enough to push him out of the way and continue feeding.
- What is Cerebral Palsy?
It is non-progressing brain damage which happened early in life which results in difficulty with movement. It has many causes: prematurity; oxygen starvation in the womb, or at birth; infections or other problems during pregnancy - are the common ones, but basically it can be any thing which causes brain damage Movement difficulty is the main problem, but because almost any brain damage is included, the actual symptoms can vary a lot. Sometimes it's just leg stiffness, sometimes it's all 4 limbs, speech, etc. Sometimes, it's involuntary movements. Other non movement symptoms can also occur: reduced cognitive ability, blindness, deafness, etc. In very severe cases. However, in milder cases, things like intellect are often not affected.
What exactly is "hacking" and is it like how it is in the movies?
Hacking as viewed by the media is breaching security. Hacking in the IT community is generally, learning how things work and getting them to do more things than they were originally intended, not necessarily for nefarious use. In the past, hackers would prefer to use different terms for the later. I don't know if that's changed at all. The most accurate depiction of breaching security is: 1. Any time someone uses social engineering to gain access to a system 2. The scene in Patriot Games when someone tries to guess passwords based off kid names, etc.3. Scenes where script kiddies try to use known exploits. What it is not, is things like the scene in Swordfish.I watched season 1 of Mr Robot and I do not remember it being as accurate as people are saying it is. I still remember him being considered a “super hacker” able to break into places using a bit of magic. I’m sure there were ups and downs. The only TV show hacking scene I’ve watched and liked was the middle man attack in Silicon Valley. Of course it’s simplified by the show but the concept is a good one. You are much more likely to come across that type of “hack” than someone sitting in his chair in Russia magically gaining access to your banking information without guessing the password with some brute force scheme.Programmer here. Definitely not as in the movies, hacking nowadays is way more social engineering than code. I would also like to say that despite hacking having a bad connotation it really helped us getting where we are in terms of systems. A patch is a bi-product of an exploit. Things like brute-force and man in the middle attacks are just thing of the past as we've learned to protect ourselves from such attacks. This is assuming you know the basics of security and have at least half a brain
How does a chameleon know what color to change into?
I'm pretty sure it only changes colour to signal/attract mates or warn off competition. It's a common misconception that they do it to match their environment.
What was/is the purpose of the LHC?
There was a long time ago that we thought that Atoms were the smallest particle in existence, and then we learned that Atoms actually had photons, electrons, and neutrons inside of them. Now we have learned that there are even smaller particles that make up the atoms, which we call quarks. The problem is that it's not exactly easy to study a quark. They can't exist on their own, they have to be bound together to form a higher level of particle . As such, we need the LHC in order to study them. Think of it like breaking an egg, except as soon as you break the egg, the stuff inside evaporates into the air. What we do is we break open an egg and record everything that we can possibly record, and then filter through it to try and study the quarks, since they only exist for a fleeting moment before they are gone. Hardon's are the easiest to study and so that is why it's called a Large Hadron Collider, it literally his a huge tube that accelerates hadrons until they hit each other, and them records the data. Fun Fact: Each collision creates petabytes of data to work with.
How did Musicians used to make money when their songs got played on the radio or their videos got played on MTV back in the 90s?
Live shows, personal appearances, and license agreements with movies, tv, and even some other surprising partnerships can be lucrative. It's not always about selling a few records, but who is willing to pay for exclusive rights or a personalized experience.They made money because people back then would actually go out and purchase an album instead of just streaming it on Spotify. Musicians made way more money then then they do now.
Why do many internet services require REGIONAL servers? Will we need them forever?
The speed of light is a harsh obstacle: the circumference of the earth divided by the speed of light in optical fiber comes out to equivalent to about 150-200 milliseconds for a packet of information to travel halfway around the world and back, under perfect circumstances . This alone makes global servers a pain, and our understanding of physics doesn't offer a solution unless we could run a fiber optic cable through the Earth's core.
32 bit processor vs 64 bit processor
Overly simplified: A 32-bit processor is able to deal with 32-bits of information per clock cycle. That's 32 individual 1 or 0 digits for every 'Hertz' the processor is rated for, so a 1 GHz CPU would theoretically be able to do that 1 billion times per second. A 64-bit processor can squeeze twice as much data into each clock cycle by attaching a bigger hose. This works for some applications but not necessarily for all of them. Imagine you woke up tomorrow morning and suddenly received all information twice as fast. You'd kill it at multitasking and math homework but a desk job would suddenly be a nightmare.Super ELI5 You know mail has zip codes? Like 01209? And that says what area the mail is going to, right? But then you have the long zip codes. Like 85337-4917. And that's let's them have more "areas" in one "line", because the number is bigger, right? It's kinda the same. 64 bit can cover more areas using the same number of "lines" This refers to the "word size", which is the unit of size of the data that the processor architecture handles. I 've always pictured it being like a pipe. The bigger the word size, the more it holds.
The best way to get past fear of side effects from a flu shot? (Anxiety disorder doesn’t need to make sense to work..)
This is a subjective question, and that's not allowed on ELI5. You might try posting this in r/nostupidquestions.
How ABS Braking system works as a safety mechanistic
really simply it pulses your brakes so your brakes don't lock up causing the tires to screech on pavement. any noise your tires make is loss of traction which increases stopping distance
At what point do you stop floating in space and start falling?
I think this [from XKCD] is the best explanation I've seen of this. It also answers your question. It's not a question of a specific point - it's a question of a specific speed. As soon as you slow down to below orbital speed then you will start falling. But there's actually another answer to your question. If you get close enough to the earth that you enter the earth's atmosphere then the atmosphere will start to act as a drag force on you and will slow you down, and then you will start falling . So the answer to your question is: as soon as you enter the earth's atmosphere. Although actually it's more complicated than that. Although we often say that the earth's atmosphere stops at the Kármán line and so the answer to your question is 62 miles, actually that's a fairly arbitrary point. Actually the atmosphere of the earth continues for thousands of kilometres beyond earth - it is just very very thin and decreases exponentially with height. I think only something like 0.2% of the earth's atmosphere is above the Karman line. What that means in real terms is that well below the Karman line the earth's atmosphere very quickly slows you down and you start falling. Well above the Karman line that happens too, but it can take many weeks and months and so you don't really need to think about it unless you're a space station or a satellites . Near the karman line it's somewhere in between. So the real answer to your question is: if you are anywhere near earth you will fall - eventually but it will take a very long time. Or if you start to move towards the 62 mile mark, or if you make yourself slow down by propelling yourself in the other direction, then you will start falling much much more quickly.
Why are some countries able to have free health care? What is the simplest explanation for why this hasn’t been implemented in the US?
The simplest explanation boils down to two things: Politics and greed. The US is very anti-socialist, and the people who currently control health care-related industries in the US don't want to give up that money and power to the government.
Why do electronics need to turn themselves off and back on to update?
It's not the electronics as such. It's the software inside them. When you turn on the PS4, it loads various programs into its memory, in order to turn a bunch of chips into a working gaming system. By far the simplest way to update those programs is for the machine to download the new version, store it in place of the old version, and so next time the machine starts up it will load the new version rather than the old one. & #x200B;
How do certain websites prevent you from backing out of them to the previous page no matter how many times you click on the back button
Sites get paid by the number of times they display. Each time you click back and land on that page again, they get paid for the ad content on that page. It's a sleazy trick. If you encounter this, after the 1st time, right click on the back button, and scroll down to a page that is 1 older than the offending page. It might be down 3 or 4 in the list.Single page applications require the website developer to implement the back button functionality themselves, vs the browser, and they often don’t do a good job
Why does the inside of International Space Station (ISS) have zero gravity despite ISS being pulled by Earth's gravity
Okay. Ignore all the nonsense about 'freefall', and falling towards the earth but somehow missing it because of sideways motion. That's not how gravity works. Gravity is always towards the earth in a continuous sphere. As you move sideways, it's still pulling you closer towards the earth. What's really happening is that the station's movement around the earth is balanced perfectly by the earth's gravity. Lacking gravity, the space station would fly away from earth in a straight-line. Without the horizontal movement, gravity would pull it down to earth. Picture the space station as a weight on the end of a spring . If you spin it around in a circle, that spring/cord will stretch out, but the weight stays spinning around you. If you let the weight slow down and the spring/cord will contract back to it's normal length. If you cut the cord/spring or just let go, the weight goes flying away from you, straight towards the neighbors window.One way to think about orbits is that your lateral speed is so great that the centrifugal force counters gravity, preventing you from falling and keeping you in an equilibrium. The ISS is in an equilibrium like that. And, since everything in it shares the same velocity and are in the same orbit, none of them "fall" relative to one another. The astronaut don't feel the gravity of the Earth for the same reason we don't feel the gravity of the sun.
- How do eggs and sperm merge and when, precisely, is the unique DNA coded?
This has always confused me too. I thought too that a child's DNA consisted of one 'string' of the father and the other of the mother to combine the double helix until someone pointed put that is not how it works because the base pairs would never line up properly. So, is it more like the child gets both sides of gene A from dad, gene B from mom, etc?
Would an airplane automatically fly after reaching a certain speed?
Yep, the airflow over the surface of the wing is what creates the lift so whether it's being pushed throuh the air by the thrust of an engine , towed by a larger craft like a glider or even has a strong enough wind blowing over the wing lift will be created.
If condoms are still only 98% effective even when used perfectly, what is the “ineffective” 2% caused by?
> I’m not referring to the condom breaking because that would be an obvious failure. But that's what the 2% in the statistics are referring to. If a condom doesn't break *and* is used properly, then it is, by definition 100% effective. The most common causes of condoms being ineffective are from breaks and improper use > I’m asking if there are ways for sperm to get through even when used perfectly. No because again, by definition if they don't break and are used properly, then nothing gets through.
Why is a 4-digit code sufficient for banking purposes but not for most online accounts?ELI5:
Online, anyone can try to enter passwords all day long, so they need to be longer and more secure. If you manage to steal someone's debit card, you are only going to get 3 or 4 tries before the bank locks you out.
Which component(s) primarily cause your phone to slow down over time?
The software. The hardware components that you Phone has don't really degrade much over time other than the battery and the battery will not slow the system down it will just mean you need to charge it more frequently. When components break they break for good. With a few exceptions it will either work as normal or not at all. In normal computers, what wears out first are mechanical moving components, you phone doesn't really have much of those. All that solid state stuff and those integrated chips that your phone has can in theory degrade over time, but in practice this is negligible. So the performance of the hardware of your phone will be pretty much as it was on day 1 throughout its life. What changes is the software you are running on the phone. Newer version of the phone OS written for newer hardware expect better performance and will run slower on older hardware. Apps will also update over time to use the sort of hardware available in newer phones. Basically the phone OS and apps are constantly updating and current version of the OS and apps are written to run very well on current hardware. When you try to run the latest version of the OS on an older phone it won't work as well. Apple has been caught going a step further and supposedly purposefully slowing down older phones to try to get people to buy new ones. So a 5 year old phone that runs a five year old version of the OS and apps will run just as well as it did five years ago. There are also some functions that will take more time after you have used the phone a bit. Stuff like searching though all your pictures will obviously take longer the more pictures you have on your phone. And of course installing more and more apps that do stuff on your phone will slow it down, but resetting your phone to factory defaults . So if you wanted to put down which components are to blame, it is mostly the updates and the user acting from outside it, not the components inside the phone itself.
how do deep sea creatures survive under the enormous pressure?
Think of it like this. If you used a sponge at the surface and then brought it to extreme depths. The high pressure moves in and out of the sponge and there's nothing to really crunch . Now you take a human. We have lungs full of air, something like 5 liters. 5 liters in volume and be compressed to very small . So there's a lot of room for the air to be compressed and that's where many vital organs are. Fish dont have lungs full of air and water doesnt compresses very much. This doesnt mean it doesnt affect them at all or anything but it does mean their tolerance is MUCH higher then ours.
How have things like Magic:The Gathering card packs avoided the current gambling laws that game lootboxes are under fire for dispite being conceptually the same?
Because boosters always provide a physical product. You're not technically gambling. You're paying a fiver for 15 pieces of card and a metallized plastic wrapper. There's just a bonus chance that in addition to your 15 pieces of card, one of those cards will have a red mark on it, or be shiny. Gambling laws do not encompass them because in order to actually cover them the laws would need to change to fully define what a card pack was. Even then there would be workarounds. Lootboxes and booster packs both arguably need their own laws, not a generic gambling one.
Why can't we insert a giant set of parachutes and detach a plane's body of the rest in a case of a plane falling?
Firstly, it would not save many lives since many lives aren't lost to airplanes that fail sufficiently high in the sky to have a parachute do anything. Secondly, the wings of a plane _act like a parachute_. There are very few types of failures that result in plane not being able to glide or fly under reduced power. Thirdly, you have to introduce _new_ things that can potentially fail to do this - in this case your wings have to be removable mechanically, which strikes me as adding significant risk.
How are sites like ThePirateBay still up?
Honestly if content makers, especially film and music peeps just put stuff out at the same time globally and at a reasonable and realistic price, the need for piracy would drop. There's been numerous studies that show access to content is the chief reason for piracy. I'm not just talking current content either. Old films, old albums, indie, mainstream and everything in between. I know it's a legal minefield with distribution deals, copyright laws and what not, but instead of ignoring the issues and complaining about piracy, they should all look at the regulations, lobby the appropriate governing bodies and get this shit streamlined. As it is the horse has already bolted, so the longer they wait to act in a positive fashion, the harder it will be to catch it, if ever.
Why don’t we have free energy today if Tesla discovered the rotating magnetic field can provide free energy for the entire planet back in 1882?
Telsa discovered no such thing, but that doesn't stop crackpots and snake oil salesman from claiming they have rediscovered is secrets, and you will get rich off of a tiny investment in their product. When Telsa spoke of free energy, he didn't mean it in the economic sense, it would still cost money to produce. He meant that once produced, everyone could use it for free because it required no wires to transmit. And given that it was wildly inefficient, it would cost a lot more money to produce than with current methods.Tesla tried to at least start the project, ran out of money, foreclosed the lab, and eventually died alone.Your describing over unity. There is no such thing as free energy. You need a moving/spinning magnet and a coil to make a energy ). If you take 100 watts of power out of a generator it takes at least 100 watts of mechanical energy. Its like how if you place two magnets with the same poles facing each other they repel. The coil creates a drag on the spinning magnetic fieldIt would be easier to show then explain.[Copper pipe and neodymium magnet] It visually explains what I am trying to explain.The magnet falls slowly because the copper is like the coil, but trying to take all the power it can ). Also in the video example the energy that's coming from the magnet moving via gravity is just heating the copper tube up a very small amount. Also Michael Faraday created the Faraday disk in 1831, believed to the the first person to create electricity via magnetism.
If earth has the perfect conditions for life to form, then why is all life the result of a single genesis event and not many?
We have a ~3-4 billion year fossil record and can only examine the genetics of the last few tens of thousands of years . It's true that all life in this window shares basic genes universally required for life. However, many processes are the result of convergent evolution, where the same evolutionary pressures give rise to similar solutions independently. Abiogenesis could occur spontaneously today, especially with the large amount of biological molecules available as waste, or from dead organisms. However, these new forms of life would begin their existence in a world where the simplest existing lifeforms are highly-advanced and specialized predators. Increasing in complexity requires storing energy in chemical bonds, and literally everything alive is designed to find these sources of energy and break them down for their own use. Life is a vicious, unrelenting consumer of all things, and there are no exceptions to be made for newcomers.
Why do large, orbital structures such as accretion discs, spiral galaxies, planetary rings, etc, tend to form in a 2d disc instead of a 3d sphere/cloud?
They do start as large balls of stuff with random orbits, but as they orbit, things end up colliding with each other and get bumped into new orbits. Objects in similar orbits are much less likely to collide, and so most of the collisions are between objects with orbits that aren't along the main plane. The objects orbiting in the disc dont get hit as much so they stay in the disc, while objects with orbits outside the plane have a much higher chance of getting hit, and some of these hits cause the object to line up with the plane. Over time these hits add up, and more and more objects get hit into orbiting in the disc.Same idea with galaxies and other objects, except instead of collisions it's the gravity of the stars pulling on each other.
why does slouching feel comfortable if it is a bad position for our backs
Slouching tends to shift your weight off of your muscles and on to your skeleton and skin. It feels more comfortable because because you aren't doing anything active to stay sitting up. But it may ache later if your weight was on a joint, pulling your skin, cutting off circulation, or causing blood to pool in a particular area. As the physiotherapist said, this won't normally cause damage, but it can exacerbate an existing problem.Why does a peanut butter cup hot fudge brownie sundae taste amazing when it’s obviously bad for us. Gods little jokes on us.Because you use more energy when you have proper posture. You relax more muscles when you slouch, so it feels more comfortable. This is why laying down feels the most comfortable; you get to relax all of your muscles completely. When you sit or stand with proper posture, you are using more muscles to hold yourself in a supported position. It's worth it though; good posture has your whole body work together to hold you upright. Bad posture like slouching has just one part of your body do most of the work all by itself.
how electric vehicles are more environmentally friendly than combustion engine cars.
This is a somewhat tricky subject. There are currently many ongoing debates wheter an electric car actually is more environment friendly. It is true that an electric car produces no exhaust gases but unless you get the electricity for your car from a sustainable source, then it doesn't matter. Another aspect is the release of green house gases and the environment impact of producing an electric car. I read some report a while back that stated that a brand new current gen car can be driven for 15 years before it reaches the same impact as a brand new Tesla. The problem here lies mainly in the production of the batteries since they use up a lot of energy and resources, especially rare metals. So the main issue regarding todays electric cars are the number of electrical components needed and they are significantly worse to produce than a cumbustion engine.Part of the perceived advantage of electric cars is the related environmental damage is mostly somewhere else. If you have a city full of internal combustion engines it is hard to avoid toxic air pollution, and the more people that live there, the worse the problem. But with the electric cars the associated pollution tends to get released in areas where relatively few people live.Their operation is much more environmentally friendly than that of a regular car. The reduction in emissions is huge. The mining and production required to manufacture a hybrid or electric car are still open for discussion in environmental terms. These will improve, but for the moment it's debatable whether there is an improvement.The most environmentally friendly thing to do is drive used cars until the completely die. Manufacture, aquiring resources, and transportation are the biggest offenders of pollution.
Why do batteries charge faster than they deplete?
They don't, typically a battery *can * be discharged much faster than it can then be recharged - but many devices don't draw anywhere near as much power during regular use as their batteries *can * accept. As an example - your car battery *can * supply 1000 amps but it will flatten very quickly when doing that and would likely be damaged fairly quickly. But, in reality, you never crank your car for 5 minutes constantly. By comparison, it would be rare to re-charge a car battery at a rate of much more than 20 amps continuously as much higher would be hard to achieve and would stress/damage the battery.
How do new currency counterfeit prevention measures work if we still accept old currency? Can't counterfeiters just make fakes of old currency?
They technically still could fake it, yes. That being said, the US Treasury regularly takes old bills out of circulation. As time goes on, those older bills become increasingly less common. When that happens, it can be a bit easier to tell when people are using fake money. Think about it, if someone hands you 5 really old 100 dollar bills, you're going to think that's suspect.
What actually is "Energy"?
r/physics may be more helpful, but I believe it can be explained as something's potential to do work.it's literally just a bookkeeping trick physicists use. Once you realise that if one thing hits another the motion transfers between objects, you need a way to keep track of the "amount" of motion getting transferred. But then you work out that it's complicated. It involves accounting for the mass of the object for example. So rather than just quantifying motion itself you're forced to quantify *abstract* quantities. Things you can measure have to be multiplied together and such to make the bookkeeping check out. Eventually you come up with a completely abstract idea called "energy" that's a hudgepodge of maths, but can be used to tell you how much motion or "work" will end up actually getting done. Then the abstractions go even further and you start talking about the *potential* for work to occur, not just the actual occurrence of it. Then it gets even WORSE when you start talking about how things like changes in entropy and disorder can be changed into work as well .. the longer you do physics the more you work out energy is not an actual thing. It's a useful concept that bundles up a lot of ideas about what seems to be "conserved" when one action causes another.Energy is a quantitative property of the universe. It is conserved and as such cannot be created nor destroyed, but it can be converted from one type to another. You aren't going to get much better than people stating it is a property but here is one attempt: _URL_0_
Why do sports such as boxing and UFC win belts for being champion? When was this ever a thing and why belts?
Good luck getting that through the loops on your trousers. It's a cummerbund, not a belt. As far as I can tell from what I've read, the cummerbund was originally a sash such as what miss world contestants wear to show their affiliation to teams etc. The next step was to use the same means to show winnings and titles.