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Do alcohol, tobacco, caffeine fit in 'receptors'?
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Yes and no, it depends on the drug. Some are structural analogs to neurotransmitters and some act on neurons and stimulate/inhibit release of neurotransmitters or their binding to receptors For example, nicotine is a structural analog of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and binds nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system. Alcohol, on the other hand, binds to GABA receptors in the central nervous system and increases its binding strength to the neurotransmitter GABA. So while it's not a structural analog, it does increase GABA activity. Caffeine is a receptor blocker for the adenosine receptor in the central nervous system. Adenosine makes you sleepy, so caffeine blocks this and delays the sleepiness. However, keep in mind that adenosine is still accumulating, so once the caffeine is metabolized, the adenosine kicks in and you get sleepy again. Every drug works slightly differently, so if you want to know more, I recommend taking a pharmacology class.
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Would we have to brush our teeth if we consumed no sugar?
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Yes, you would want to remove acids as well, as they also cause tooth problems. Brushing your teeth can also help remove pieces of food stuck in your teeth, which would otherwise rot. This is an area where flossing is helpful as well, which you should also do everyday.
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Why do people say "What is -----" on jeopardy
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The guy who invented jeopardy was on the daily show once, and he explained it as follows. He said that jeopardy was one of the first attempts to have a real quiz show after the big quiz show scandals earlier in the 20th century. Those involved shows were the producers would give one of the contestants the answers in advance, to guarantee "interesting" winners. When he was trying to pitch jeopardy, TV executives were still wary of these kinds of scandals---not that they thought jeopardy would involve cheating, but that people wouldn't watch trivia because they 'd assume it was rigged---and so he came up with the idea of "answering in the form of a question." It allowed them to do gimmicky ads saying that you didn't have to worry about cheating because *everyone* got the answer already , and they weren't looking for answers, they were looking for questionsAlex gives you the answer, your reply has to be the question *in the form of question*. People have lost because they gave the correct answer but in statement and not question form.Because it's one of the rules of the game. The Jeopardy people make you say it as if you were providing the question to an answer.The "question" that is on the board is actually the answer. So, contestants have to "ask" their answers in the form of a question.
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Why do some people (like me) get really squirmish about things like Veins, the inner mechanics of Reproductive organs or blood and injections, etc ?
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It sounds like you might be experiencing a vasovagal syncope, which is the mechanism that causes people to faint at the sight of blood. You get this because you are a wimp. No, actually this happens because of a nervous system malfunction. Rather than activating the sympathetic nervous system which would be the "fight-or-flight" response, it activates the parasympathetic nervous system which is the "rest-and-digest" response. Rather than getting amped up for a hand to hand fight to the death you are more likely to poo your pants and cry. And weirdly, get an erection. Shitting oneself isn't a terrible evolutionary response to danger per se; deer do it all the time, as apparently do opossum . Of course this probably isn't very comforting but that is probably why it happens to you.It's a normal response to be repulsed by things that are supposed to be on the inside of the body, being on the outside. You shouldn't see those things. If you do then things are really bad. This goes waaaaaaaaay back to when creatures first realized they had bodies and could die when insides came outside. People tolerate this aversion differently because brains are wired differently. Some people go way to one side and fetishize it. Some people go way the other way and pass out when they think of it.
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Why did the english language rename other countries? Ex german=duetsch
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Countries didn't always have the same borders as they do today and so some names come from the names of the people who lived there way back when and have become corrupted in different ways over time. Example: the Franca people led to the name France and Francaise. Different rules in different languages can explain how the descriptor for the people can be different . Germany particularly formed comparatively recently and was a lot more of a mish-mash of tribes than other countries. There were Germanic tribes , Teutonic tribes , the Allemains and so on. Back in a sec when I've Googled something Edit: Just wanted to check a spelling before I typed it. Some people living in that area just called themselves the *Diutisc*. Not a specific tribe but just means something like 'the people' and they used it to describe themselves as compared to others in the same way the Romans just used 'barbarian' for any scruffy foreigner. So that'd where Deutschland comes from, and obviously the word Dutch to describe something from Holland/Netherlands.
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Why when you breathe out with an open mouth is the air warm, but if you purse your lips then the air is cold?
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Its not cooler air, it just mixes with the surrounding air faster. Add that to the fact you are probably blowing onto your sweaty fingers or palm, the evaporation of the sweat makes you feel like its cooler.
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The rise, fall, and importance of the Byzantine Empire.
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Since the Roman empire had lots of trouble - civil wars, plagues, barbarian invasions - it was divided into two parts, because it would have been impossible to administrate otherwise. After the western part collapsed and Rome was looted by barbarians, only the east part remained. Since the only remainder of Rome now had mostly Greeks living in it, they switched their language to Greek and Capital to Constantinople. They still called themselves Romans, but since the new empire was pretty different from the old modern historians named it the Byzantine empire instead for convenience. For a while, the Byzantine empire did really well, and thanks to an [awesome general] managed to retake Italy and Africa from the barbarians. The success wasn't long-lived though, and due to plagues, civil wars and shitty emperors they lost a lot of territory to the Seljuk Turks. Then came the [fourth crusade], which got itself indebted to Venice because they couldn't pay for the boats made for them . So instead of going to Jerusalem, they had to become mercenaries for Venice instead, sailing to Constantinople and sacking the city. The Byzantines never really recovered from it, and the Turks proceeded to siege and capture Constantinople in 1453, which finally ended the empire. to abdicate.)
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why toasted bread tastes different than regular bread
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No. When you heat bread, chemical reactions take place on the surface of the bread that fundamentally change it. See the recent question about the Maillard reaction for a little more, if you want.
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Why is it that I see so many surfing videos that show surfers sitting out in the water with no waves?
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Often we wait behind the waves to prepare, find a good wave or take a break. Then you move up and "drop into" the wave. Waves may come in sets of three for example and you want to ride the best one so you wait. Sometimes you wait a bit.
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Why is steam formed in a shower at 50 degrees Celsius?
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Most people refer to visible water vapor as "steam," but technically it's not steam. Steam, by definition, is the gaseous state of water . When steam is released into air which is at normal temperatures, some of it condenses into the clouds which we CALL "steam" but that is still condensed water vapor, and not really steam. What you're seeing in the shower is just very fine water droplets condensing in the airA lot of it is water vapor . Temperature is just the average kinetic energy, so you can have water evaporate below the boiling point because some of it has enough energy to evaporate.If you replaced your shower-head with a garden-hose you wouldn't see the same effect. Your shower sprays a lot of tiny droplets of water rather then one intact stream of water. The water also warms the air. That air rises and carries the tiny water droplets with it.
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Why are oil prices plummeting? What is OPEC and why are they not cutting production?
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There are a lot of reasons why oil prices have dropped recently. One major one is a recession in places like China, and a surplus of extracted oil. OPEC is the organization of petroleum exporting countries. OPEC is group of a bunch of countries that work together to coordinate oil production. Why opec isn't simply cutting production as they've done in the past is because a) that wouldn't really help these countries at this point b) another cause of the drop in oil is increase in production in the us and specifically by fracking which is cheaper than conventional methods of drilling, because of this increased use of American oil, opec cutting production would not effect this oil.
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How is glass made?
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When sand is melted you get a hot liquid substance, then you can form it into shapes with special tools and when it cools you are left with glass.
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How exactly does my neighbors property effect my property value?
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property value is just a guess at what an average consumer will be willing to pay. If you have a nice house, but it's surrounded by meth labs, no one will want to pay very much to buy it.
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Why is it that so many people remember how blue the sky was on 9/11?
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The contrast was striking - over and over again, all day long, I remember people remarking on it - this massive and horrible event, on such an especially beautiful day. And certainly in NYC, most of us didn't go to or stay at work all day, either, so that may also contribute to our noting and remembering what a "nice" day it was outsideBecause we spent a large part of that day looking at the sky: ether on tv with the news coverage or in person', "Because it was a terrible day, caused by aircraft. We all looked to the sky more than usual and it was a beautiful day. We can't comprehend how the sky could be so beautiful while something so terrible happened", 'The lack of airplanes is what I remember. The sky was very blue and there was no air traffic for the first time since the rise of commercial flight. The lack of contrails was also interesting. _URL_0_Well, there are videos of the event. But I doubt many truly remember the sky elsewhere that day. And then you simply got people exaggeratingThis is the first time I 've heard of that. Perhaps it is confirmation bias. If you mention that you remember the sky being blue, some other people may say, "It really was, wasn't it?" This could be them making conversation with polite agreement, or maybe only the people who happen to remember it being blue speak up since the people who don't happen to remember the sky don't have anything to add to the conversation.All aircraft in the US were grounded. This meant there were no aircraft to leave contrails, the white clouds that follow a plane, so the sky was clearer. Some researchers actually figured out that the affect was large enough to change the Earth's surface temperature.
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Why isn't "quantitative easing" money just given directly to taxpayers?
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The Fed isn't there for the sake of taxpayers. It's there for the sake of banks and that kind of guy.
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How the IRS would tax the winner of the power ball for the foreseeable future
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If you took it as a lump-sum prize they would tax you 350-400 mil as you say, but after that you wouldn't be taxed on it as income anymore because its already been taxed. It is not "income" just because you still have it next year, the only way it would continue to be taxed is if you invested it you would be taxed on capital gains ', "They wouldn't - unless you invest it you could have to pay capital gains tax or others. Everything you buy would cost sales tax, so on. This is why they take such a big chunk in the first place. They take 40-50% of the winnings the day you win.
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How does the mouth deal with things hot enough to burn most other parts of the body?
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If it's hot enough to burn other parts of the body, it'll burn your mouth, too. In fact it'll probably burn your mouth easier than other parts of the body.
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Why is bathroom water so much better than kitchen water?
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Clearly because you are a dog. Really tho "Most people like to drink water that is very cold. In the bathroom, the water is often very cold because the person getting a drink first uses the water closet and flushes. This starts the flow of cold water. Then they wash their hands, which continues to flow the cold water. By the time they take a drink, the water is nice and cold. This fools the brain into thinking it tastes better." Kitchen water on the other hand is often left sitting in you pipes for long periods of time. Which is often why people open the tap and let it run for a few minutes before getting water. The colder the water the better the brain thinks it tastes.
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Why is allergy medicine so expensive?
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A lot of the newer allergy drugs have a narrower focus than previous generations of allergy drugs. Benadryl is an antihistamine, but it affects the whole body system much more than more modern drugs. Drugs like Afrin can clear congestion, but at the expense of elevated blood pressure and tolerance buildup. Its effects go beyond relieving the targeted symptom. The newer medicines take a lot of research to find the specific molecules that will fit into the specific receptors in order to block an allergen from filling the receptor and causing an immune response. The newer medicines try to have a targeted approach for the symptom they are taken to alleviate. A lot of allergy treatment medicines are forms of steroids. The amount is small, but it can help the body lessen its reaction to allergens like dust and pollen. If one takes stronger steroids, it ends up causing damage. That is why many of the drugs do not go over-the counter, because there are risks that need medical monitoring, above and beyond the common drugs found on store shelves. Many allergy medicines today are truly better than the ones of 20 years agoIt isn't. Here in the UK I can buy a month's supply of once a day antihistamines for less than £2 and a generic equivalent of "Afrin" for £1. Basically I can buy antihistamine tablets + sodium cromoglycate eye drops + a nasal spray for less than £10 a month . Sorry to once again point this out, but Americans get screwed in the healthcare service department. Most people here in the UK buy their allergy medicines from pharmacies and supermarkets, etc. Very few people get them on prescription and that's usually because they get free prescriptions or they need prescription only medicines.
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Why is -3 not an applicable square root of 9?
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The square root of 9 is ±3. The principal square root of 9 is 3. Usually you use the things that make sense. I don't understand your problem, but usually when solving problems like x^2 = 9 you write that |x| = 3 x = -3,3. This problem has 2 roots. Both of them satisfy the equation x^2 = 9.If 0 is inserted for X then it becomes sqrt . And the sqrt of negative nine is not a thing. Well technically it would be 3i, but that is an imaginary number and idk if you guys are using those yet. But if it was 9 and not -9 then 3 and -3 are valid.You made a simple math mistake, and that's why you're having trouble: > Today in my math class, we had a problem that had /)-3). If 0 is inserted for x, then it comes out to 0/-3) No, it does not. If x = 0, then you have 0/ )-3.Zero minus nine is **negative** nine, not positive nine.That means your simplified equation is 0 / -3. There are no real square roots for negative numbers, because any negative number multiplied by itself give a positive number. Test it: What's -3 x -3? The square root of -9 is +/-3*i*, which is **not** the same as +/-3
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Why is water transport so inefficient? Why can a mid-level car easily reach 200+kph, while you need a 1000+hp offshore boat to reach the same speed?
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Essentially friction and surface area. I'm no expert but look how much of a boat/ship is actually making contact with the water, now look at how much surface area your tires on your car take up, a hell of a lot less. I'm not a smart man but there's my two cents. I'm sure someone will explain it better.
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Why is longitude measured in non-parallel lines coming from the poles instead of in parallel circles emanating from the Prime Meridian and IDL?
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One of these ways is really easy and convenient for plotting a map and navigating. The other is really, really, really annoying. If you plotted the parallel circles on a flat map, you would get two sets of either concentric ellipses or circles depending on the projection you use, and you couldn't keep your East/West coordinates fixed if you traveled due North/South.
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Why are beef hotdogs not brown?
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Hotdogs contain sodium nitrate as part of their curing process. Nitrates make meat pink. In fact besides hot dogs they are the reason why corned beef is the color it is, and are commonly found in things like bacon, sausages, and other 'cured' meats.
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Slow charge vs fast charge overnight
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It doesn't matter. It automatically regulates power supply to prevent anything from damaging the battery; for instance, when the phone reaches 100% it stops charging, and only starts charging when it falls below like 98%-95%.
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How Long Will The Worlds Population Continue To Increase?
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**TL;DR - about 30 years.** Populations in most of Asia are stagnating. India is leveling out. Japan and most of Europe have *declining* populations. The US is leveling out. The only place left on Earth to experience a population boom is Africa. Scientists have predicted that Earth's population will plateau at about 9.5 bil. Earth is capable of supporting that many. It will be a little tight, but we'll be fine.
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How can flight with a layover in Prague, be cheaper than booking a direct flight to Prague?
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Airline prices are generally based solely off the origin and destination, and not anywhere in between. Pricing is a function of demand and competition. If there is high demand and little competition on flights from your city to Prague, prices will be high. If there is low demand and lots of competition from your city to Moscow, prices will be low, even if you have to stop in Prague. It's called [hidden city ticketing], and if you read the fine print when you book a flight, it's not allowed. For example, if you book a flight from London-Prague-Moscow because it's cheaper than London-Prague , you're not allowed to leave the airport and stay in Prague. Well, you can, if you only have carry on bags, because your checked luggage is going to Moscow. And once you miss the Prague-Moscow flight, the rest of the itinerary is canceled so hope you didn't plan on getting back to London. If you're flying one way and aren't checking luggage, you can get away with it, with one huge caveat: If you book London-Prague-Moscow, the airline's obligation is to get you from London to Moscow. They're well within their rights to reroute you through another city if there's bad weather in Prague or the London-Prague plane has a mechanical issue. For example, they might change it to London-Munich-Moscow, but you wanted to go to Prague. Oops. You're SOL.
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Why can't computer screens alter images for visually impaired people (glasses) to be clear?
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Think about it this way. A normal person's eyes are like a funnel. Anything that gets poured into the funnel comes out in a tight stream. Someone with very bad eyesight has eyes like a colander. Even if you pour the exact same thing into the colander, you end up with a mess of random crap coming out the bottom. Glasses work by basically putting a funnel inside the colander so everything comes out one hole in the center. It redirects everything into that hole. Could you pour things into a colander in such a way that it would come out as a stream, i.e. straight down one of the holes? Theoretically, but it would be very difficult and it would have to be adjusted depending on the type of colander, its size, its location, etc. If you move it even half an inch, the stream you're pouring into it hits the metal near the hole. So essentially the only way to make this work would be to fine tune the image *extremely* specifically, at which point it would only work for one person in one location. You'd have to have your head bolted to your chair to prevent tiny head movements from ruining it.
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What happens to the pieces of a sliver that break off and can't be removed and therefore stay under my skin?
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Usually they work to the surface over time as new layers of skin grow from beneath. The human body is pretty amazing at ridding itself of foreign bodiesThey either dissolve and get absorbed or they eventually get pushed out. Remember that your skin is constantly growing out. Dead skin sloughs off and is replaced by new skin.
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Why are cats (and other animals) noses wet?
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Because they often lick their noses. Think about how it smells when it rains. It's a pretty strong, distinct smell, isn't it? It isn't the smell of the rain that's sticking out - it's everything else. Moisture makes it easier to smell things we normally would have missed. With dogs and cats, it's the same exact thing . They keep their noses moist because a wet nose fine-tunes their ability to smell.
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Why did everyone get upset when the Pope called it The Armenian "Genocide"?
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Because the Turks deny anything happened. 2 million Armenians just got "lost" in the shuffle after ww1/collapse of the Ottoman Empire Most everyone else isn't buying that storyNo one likes to be accused of "genocide", even historical genocide. Many Americans have been very upset when some Native American activists said that the colonization of America had elements of genocide, same thing happened in Australia with the Aborigines, New Zealand had a scandal over a Maori politician using the word "Holocaust" to describe what happened to the Maori, Israelis get very upset when some people say they are committing genocide against the Palestinians, etc etc etc Basically no one likes it used in their specific case. Edit: I'm not saying these things *were* all genocide, just that I 've never heard of anyone saying anything was genocide without lots of people getting upset. I just googled to see if anyone denied it happened in Rwanda and astonishingly there are even people who deny _that_ was genocide.Yeah but Turkey doesn't like it when people tell it like it is.Absolutely. Turkey just wants us to forget about it.
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How does water get stuck in your ear?
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Am I going crazy? OP asked why it happens and everyone is giving old wives tales about how to get the water out. One guy just went on a rant about not using Q-tips Anyway, to actually answer the question, it has to do with cohesion, aka surface tension. Little water droplets basically get into the small spaces on your ear, and are held in by the surface tension that holds the droplets together.
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how do fashion designers gain fame when they start out
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You know how people always laugh at those really outlandish outfits at fashion shows that nobody would ever wear? That's how fashion designers get famous. They make unbelievable, over the top outfits to grab attention, then once they have it they use their renown to sell things people actually wear like jeans or t-shirts.By being rich and spending lots of money around other rich people in places that are rich You see, the fashion industry is a sham. A showcase for the elites to flaunt their wealth with outlandish, impractical and exotic wares that are only desirable because they say so.
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Why are coffee tables so low?
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Most coffee tables are level with the sitting height of a couch or love seat. They are at a perfect height for resting your feet on them when your wife isn't home.
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If our brains use 50-70% of our total energy, will keeping it active result in fat loss/staying leaner?
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Those are excessively high percentages, but yes there is some indication that tasking the brain will burn more energy.Not really. Our brains do not utilize fat well. They require more immediate energy sources, like sugar. > It is puzzling that hydrogen-rich fatty acids are used only poorly as fuel in the brain. [ ] Here, we draw attention to three particular problems: ATP generation linked to β-oxidation of fatty acids demands more oxygen than glucose, thereby enhancing the risk for neurons to become hypoxic; β-oxidation of fatty acids generates superoxide, which, taken together with the poor anti-oxidative defense in neurons, causes severe oxidative stress; the rate of ATP generation based on adipose tissue-derived fatty acids is slower than that using blood glucose as fuel. Thus, in periods of extended continuous and rapid neuronal firing, fatty acid oxidation cannot guarantee rapid ATP generation in neurons. We conjecture that the disadvantages connected with using fatty acids as fuel have created evolutionary pressure on lowering the expression of the β-oxidation enzyme equipment in brain mitochondria to avoid extensive fatty acid oxidation and to favor glucose oxidation in brain. Basically, what the above is saying in ELI5 terms is that, because the brain needs so much energy on a regular basis, the process of converting fatty acids to ATP is not up to the task. It requires too much oxygen, which would deprive neurons of it, it produces destructive superoxide, which the neurons can't defend against well, and the overall rate of energy production is too slow. Edit: [source]
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How do apps like WhatsApp and Snapchat work?
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Yes, they need to have a central server. There are various technical reasons why phones can't communicate directly with each other - but the most obvious is that there needs to be a way of storing the message if the receiving phone is switched off. In WhatsApp, when you send a message, it displays one tick below the message to show its been received by the server, and a second tick to show its been received by the receiving phone.
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Why did this weekends reddit super story lose up votes over time?
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I think people are starting to question the validity of the story. The live stream from the PI got a lot of people calling bullshit', "It's reddit's algorithms doing their thing.Mainly to prevent votebotters from seeing if their bots have been made ineffective.
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What was the possible cause of the dancing plague ,and considering the fact that this disease was referred to as a "mania", was it a physical or mental disorder?
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Modern theories include group poisoning with a naturally occurring chemical that can grow in rotting grain, mass hysteria caused by recent problems in the area that had people afraid of starvation, and encouragement from the authorities who strangely thought that encouraging it would stop it.
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how did man figure out Wells?
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It was just something that was learned over time. Someone found a spring. Then water stopped coming out of the spring. Someone then dug a little big to gind out where the water went and the spring started back up. After this happens a few times someone figured out to dig in the ground to find water.We don't know, wells are at least 9500 years old, writing only comes about 3000 years later.
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What considerations are taken into account when an establishment decides to sign with Coca-Cola vs. Pepsi for an exclusive supplier contract?
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Generally three things: 1) Which drinks are more popular in that area, Coke or Pepsi ? 2) Are there any nearby restaurants that have an exclusive agreement with one company or the other within a certain range? 3) If the restaurant has a parent company, they may have an overall deal with one of the companies that pretty much mandates their outlets sell that company's product.
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Why are some traditional last names of certain descents (Indian, Greek, etc.) so long?
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might wanna give some examples. but absent that i will talk on last names in general: in most cultures a last name is either their job, who they belonged to, the first name of their father, or just something they saw when they picked out their name. the first gives us names like smith, or carpenter, or barker, or baker, or weaver, or waulker, and other countries have those same kinds of things but in their language the second gives us things like walters or richards, because the person was a slave to a man named walter or richard. the third gives us things like fitzpatrick or jackson and the last gives us things like hill or river or meadows. and we see these in other cultures too the evolution usually follows: you have a few people in your village, first name is fine- > village gets too big "did you want that john, that john, or that john" need a last name "i want john the smith
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How does the ketogenic diet work, and do is actually cause more weight loss that low calorie?
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Yes. Part of it is that when eating a ketogenic diet, the food you're eating is more filling becuase you've cut out starch and carbs. So people end up eating less calories anyway.Calories in / calories out is ultimately how all weight loss occurs, yes—with caveats such as "the calories you see listed on the label aren't always necessarily identical to the amount of calories you'll absorb" . Ketogenic diets work for some people if restricting carbohydrates makes it easier for them to achieve lower calories given their personal dietary tastes and lifestyle, but many proponents of ketogenic diets believe outright myths about there being an inherent metabolic advantage to being in ketosis, when the best meta-analyses of long-term weight loss on a variety of diets prove that there simply isn't. Others may think, for example, that insulin is essentially "bad", is the mechanism singlehandedly responsible for fat storage, and is mainly spiked by carbohydrates. So they'll claim that you don't need to count calories as long as you're restricting carbs sufficiently because supposedly. as long as you keep insulin low, your body is simply incapable of storing any excess calories as fat! But any harm that comes from excess carbohydrate consumption is due to blood sugar spikes, not insulin spikes; insulin is just what cleans up afterwards. And it turns out that steak spikes insulin more than many carb-filled foods, because protein spikes insulin too. Why? Insulin's only job isn't fat storage—it also directs amino acids into muscle cells as well. **TL;DR**: Ketogenic diets can work—just like any diet can work: by helping someone reduce their calories and stick to it. And if you find that it *does* work for you, *great!* Go for it. But whether that works for you personally or not is simply down to personal tastes and tendencies—not any magical inherent advantage owed directly to the ketogenic diet as such.
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What is the difference between 2nd person point of view and 3rd person point of view?
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I think 2nd person is where the narrator is aware of the reader and "speaks" to the reader, saying "you will love this" or "if you didn't know" ect. 3rd person is just an outside voice of the story/text, narrating what's happening in the textSecond Person talks to you directly, where third person narrates someone else. Second Person: "You walk into the woods"Third Person: "John walks into the woods" Makes sense?
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Why is ketchup always watery when you first use it if you continually squirt the water out?
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The heavy solid chunks gradually fall to the bottom of the bottle, leaving the watery part toward the top.
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- Why do the ads on youtube load immediately with awesome quality but then the video I actually want to watch won't load or takes forever to buffer?
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The videos used for ads are stored on their own server locality in relation to your location. Since YouTube makes its money off of ads, they have to make sure the ads load.
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Why does green and blue light create yellow light, but yellow and blue paint create green paint?
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What happens with combining light and combining pigment is two different things. Essentially, a color of light is made up of the color that you are seeing when it hits your eyes. Mixing another light into the first will make you see a combination of the two lights, which increases the brightness, and lightens the color. For a good example, play around with RGB colors in MS Paint. Adding or removing different lights can cause all kinds of colors to occur. When you have an object that is colored, what you actually have is an object that reflects that color of light, but absorbs all other light. A white object reflects all light, and a Black object absorbs all light. So when you have a red blob of paint, and you mix Blue in, instead of getting even brighter the two colors together absorb some blue, and some red, and your eyes interpret this as purple. So if you have a bunch of different colored lights, and you turn them all on, it will look like white light, but if you have a bunch of different colored paint, and mix it all together it will likely turn brown or very very dark.
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2 stroke vs 4 stroke engine
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Four stroke- Suck, squeeze, bang, blow. Flow of air/fuel and exhaust controlled by valves. Two stroke- Suckbang, Squeezeblow. Flow of air/fuel/oil and exhaust gasses is typically controlled by ports in the cylinder wall, though IIRC there are valved two-strokes.A four stroke engine actively controls the air and fuel going into an engine using valves that are individually controlled. Ignoring what's called "overlap", wen the intake valve is open, the exhaust valve is closed. This offers better efficiency over a wider range of RPM. What this looks like in operation is Intake- air gets sucked in as the piston goes down Compression- both valves are closed as the piston comes back up, compressing the mixture Power- the burning fuel forces the piston back down Exhaust- the piston returns upward with the exhaust valve open, to allow the burned fuel out.A four stroke engine turns twice per power stroke as a result of this arrangement. Two stroke engines have carefully shaped ports to get the air and fuel in, and the exhaust out, but don't actively control it. This means that there's only an "up" and "down" stroke. When the piston is at the top, the power stroke begins, forcing the piston down, and simultaneously letting the exhaust out while pulling fresh air in, momentum carries the engine back to the top where the process starts again.Because of this arrangement, 2 stroke engines get a power stroke every rotation, which is a big advantage for power production, but it comes at the cost of fuel efficiency. Since the air and fuel aren't actively controlled, some fresh air and fuel will pass right through to the exhaust unburned. Tldr- 4 strokes are more efficient and versatile, but more complex. 2 strokes are more powerful and simpler, but horribly inefficient.
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Why does the water in my bathtub always go down the drain in an anti-clockwise direction?
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The short answer is: "no it doesn't!". Think of it like a long pole standing without support: In which direction does it fall? The answer is: That direction where it is slightly tilted already. The water in the sink works similar: it will go down in a direction based on a small amount of movement present in the water. Only if the water is almost perfectly calm the Coriolis effect determines the direction of the circle. You can read about an experiment which eliminated other effects than the Coriolis effect in [this wikipedia article].Dear god, the direction of the water spinning in your drains as nothing to do with the Coriolis effect or magnetic fields. The Coriolis effect is evident in big systems, like the ocean or the weather. Not your tub. The simple answer is that it's a lot easier to keep a spiraling fluid stable than one that's not. It's also the fastest way to drain. The direction depends on how your drain is shaped and how the water is moving before it drains.
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Why does salt water soothe canker sores when adding salt to an open wound often makes it hurt more?
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Salt and/or baking soda lower the acidity in your mouth which can help the canker sore to disappear sooner.
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Why do people with a stutter typically only have trouble with the first syllable of a word?
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I suffered with a stutter. I was deaf until I was seven. The stutter isn't a problem of starting, it's a problem with fluidity. This problem just happens to show up at the git-go.
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Why do humans laugh? What physiological purpose does it serve and is there have an evolutionary reason behind laughter?
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This is what I always think about when it comes to laughter. It's simple, a neat explanation, and it's Calvin and Hobbes so it's cool as shit. _URL_0_", 'The purpose of laughter is currently unknown, but there is some evidence it has evolutionary roots. Rats, for example, appear to "laugh" when tickled, but the sound isn't detectable to the human ear without special recording/playback devices. [Benign violation theory] suggests that humor gives us an opportunity to practice how we might respond to things that could be threatening if taken to far or done by someone outside our social group. It's an active research area in psychology.
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Why are dogs so much more varied than cats?
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Dogs can work for us, so we spent a lot more time and effort trying to breed specific characteristics. Sometimes these characteristics involve appearance as wellThis question [was asked just a couple of days ago], see if my answer there is good enough?
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Does anything actually stop a foreign army from invading a 'Neutral' country?
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The same reason you already said: money. If any developed country gets invaded, other countries have everything to lose. Also, politics don't work that way in developed countries. Allies, treaties, UN. The UN might not do much, but the countries in the UN will have something to say about it. So, you can invade, but when you try and get carpet bombed repeatedly, over and over by every other country, your country will be in a lot worse position than originally. Not quite worth it.
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What does the little ball inside a whistle do?
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The ball inside the whistle is not necessary for the whistle to work but serves a purpose. A whistle without a ball has a flat tone that may get "lost". In an American Whistle the ball rises and falls as it is pushed around by the turbulence. When the ball moves within the chamber, it creates variations within the pitch, or the trilling sound you associate with a quality whistle blast. [Source]
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Why bad habits are so easy to start and good ones are so hard.
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Most bad habits feel good instantly. Drinking, smoking, eating unhealthy food, drugs, whatever. That's not really the case with something like saving extra money or eating a more bland and healthy meal. The payoff for things like that are weeks/months away. Exercise is easy to start imo, provided you aren't very out of shape and have at least a decent amount motivation.Get "The Power of Habit" by Duhigg. He explains the cue, routine, reward cycle. People will always tend towards the easiest way to get to the reward. You can influence it if you understand it.
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Why is illegal immigration such a big deal?
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Here's a test for you: Next time you leave your house, leave the door unlocked. Then, let people know your door is unlocked. Then, come back and see what your house is like a few hours later.
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Why are there so much rape in India?
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Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why there seems to be so much rape in India ]1. [ELI5: Why is there so much gang raping in India? ]1. [ELI5: Why are there so many men raping women in india? ]1. [ELI5 INDIA: Why is there so much rape in India????? ]1. [ELI5: Why is rape so common in India? ]1. [ELI5: Why are men raping so many women in India? ]1. [[ELI5] What is there so much rape in India ]
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Do service dogs know that they are helping?
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They know they are doing what they are trained to do, and they know they get rewarded for it. I don't think that the concept of "helpful" is really fleshed out in a dog - they don't really understand those concepts like we do - but it doesn't really matter if they understand it. They do it, and it makes them happy .Simple answer is yes, because non-service dogs are also helpful, and know it. I had a border-collie+aus-shepard mix. As Im carrying things around the house, he'd open doors for me, or pick up stuff I dropped. He'd do little things that I had bever trained him or rewarded him for doing before. The question really is: what is 'helping'? It's when you telegraph in some way a goal, and the dog then contributes to acomplishing that goal without a smaller, limited goal being requested of them. Dogs do that all the time. Any gif of a dog helping an infant walk is proof enough. Understand these are social animals without a language. They coordinate and assist as a matter of survival. They *have* to understand goals and contribute to them.
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Why most eggs in the nature have an eleptic form?
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Because it's the sturdiest structure an egg can have, and all species that lay eggs that developed this trait for eggs had their eggs survive til hatching, thereby drastically increasing the number of surviving members of that species to go on to lay elliptical eggs.
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Why is it I can perceive light better in my peripheral vision?
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This is due to the distribution of the photoreceptors in the retina . There are two types of receptors, cones and rods. Cones have color vision, but low sensitivity to light levels, whereas rods only "see" black and white, but are very sensitive to changes in light levels. Now look at this image: _URL_0_ It maps the receptor distribution along the retina. The fovea is the center. Notice how in the fovea , cones dominate while rods are non-existent - but rods are more prominent in the periphery. Hence the better ability to distinguish light in the peripheral vision.
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What causes the "zoom-in" feeling late at night, making it look like your room is 1/10th its size?
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I have posted this before Alice in wonderland syndrome. I'm not sure my exact age at the time but I was around 9 or 10. I was laying stomach down on the brown velvety living room couch facing out with my left cheek to couch. Must have been attempting to nap. I was staring at the opposite wall where the room corner meets the ceiling and all of a sudden I felt myself shrink down to doll size. The room became bigger and bigger and I didn't move any part of my body except my eyes to look around the room. The depth and size of the objects in the room kept adjusting and readjusting to various proportions. I was so young I didn't understand the disorientation should be alarming and I felt like I could control the swing of becoming smaller and then normal size and then abnormally larger. I remember feeling like I was "in" the carpet like I was insect size. The sounds from around the house seemed to ebb and flow per the appropriate "size" I was or distance I was away. I vaguely recall being able to recreate the experience only one more time but trying over and over to do so because I enjoyed the feeling so much. I only learned what this is called about 2 years ago. Until then I kept it to myself because I thought I may have dreamed it or made it up in my childish recollection.It's known as Alice in wonderland syndrome and I was absolutely amazed when I discovered it happened to other people too!
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Why did the Panda species let their genes deteriorate until this bad and how are they still not extinct?
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Because they have no natural predators and fill a niche which no other organism is really competing for, it makes sense to me that their senses might deteriorate over time. If a species doesn't need something in order to continue reproducing effectively, then expending energy to develop and use it becomes a waste and individuals who develop these "unnecessary" traits are selected against. Fast-forward to 2017. A massive swath of panda habitat has been destroyed. On top of just removing stuff pandas live in, this also creates patches of habitat cut apart by things like roads, canals, etc. and the WWF website lists this as the number one threat to the Panda's survival. On top of that there are people who hunt pandas, so we are acting as another extremely rapid change in selective pressure by introducing ourselves as an invasive predator. Rapid environmental change is hitting them while their genes are fine for the environment they were living in, but look quite bad for the one they live in now.
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Are infant deaths in hot cars on the rise, or is it this summer's "shark attack" news?
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It's getting a lot of airplay this summer, most likely in the wake of one such fatality that [prosecutors think was intentional].Most news events that seem to increase in frequency are "shark attack news". The same is true with shootings. There is an exceptionally tragic shooting like the one at Sandy Hook and then anyone who is shot after that becomes front page news for a while. The media does this because they are in the business of selling news. They don't sell advertising without eyes on the page. When a story of a particular type garners a lot of a attention, then they are on the hunt for similar stories for a while to ride the hype. Much like record producers trying to find other acts that sound like a super popular band or singer, i.e. looking for the next Justin Bieber . What you see in the the news and how frequently should not be used as any type of indication of trends or what's really important in the world. Many important and serious events go underreported or unreported. The U.S. media for example virtually ignores Africa. Unless it's ebola virus or something really exciting, we hear little about day-to-day events there, no where near as much as Europe or Asia. What we are told is based upon what the news media believes is the most likely to capture our interest. This is why Kanye West buying new sneakers gets an equal or greater amount of coverage as a development in the Ukraine situation.
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How do our bodies know to wake up right before an alarm or right before a bus/train stop?
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So your brain has lots of nerves all smashed together in the center of you brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus. It's a very accurate clock inside your brain! We naturally look for patterns all the time and so does the nucleus. So when you get in a pattern of sleeping and waking up at the same time the nucleus at those times release a chemical called cortisol and a few others to wake you up! An alarm clock actually causes a lot of stress, so your brain pushes those chemicals out before it thinks it will go off!
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Scott Kelly returned to earth today. How was he able to return to earth, and land in Kazakstan, by just floating in a space craft with a parachute?
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The International Space Station is in orbit around the earth. It's affected by gravity, but because it's moving "sideways", it doesn't hit the earth--it "misses" and just keeps going in circles around it. You can only do this when you're going very fast. To de-orbit and eventually land, you need to slow down. You do this by turning on your engine and applying the energy opposite to the direction you're traveling, retrograde. If you know your speed, earth's gravity the power of your engine, and how long you have it turned on for, you can calculate what effect this will have on the orbit--you can trace a path that's on a predictable collision course with earth. After your initial de-orbit burn, you don't have to do anything; you fall back to earth by gravity. Since earth has an atmosphere, you have to account for drag and the effect of the parachute, too, but you can calculate the rough landing location. All this means is that when you burn at the right spot in your orbit and in the right direction for the right amount of time, you can make yourself land in any spot on earth that's covered by your orbit.
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Why are there so many claims of paranormal activities by people yet there had never been any evidence to support their claims ever in history.
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1. Because they're nice ideas. We die but we become ghosts, so it's a little like not dying at all, which terrifies us. 2. Because there are things we can't explain - like why do we sometimes get the chills explaining things that until very recently were inexplicable). Because we're inquisitive and intelligent creatures, we can't handle not knowing something, so we make something up. 3. Related to number 1, we just *want* to believe because wouldn't telepathy and aliens be cool and less boring than life?", 'Most people don't have scientific standards for evidence. "I heard it from 3 different people" = "it's true" ', "Sort of actually yes. Many people like to store faith in other things that may or may not actually be true. I like to compare this to religion, there is no proof that god exists, and there's no proof that he dosen't. It's similar because you dont know if paranormal activity is actually a thing until after you bite the dust, when you cant share your findings.
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Whats the difference between theoretical physics and philosophy?
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Science asks "how" and philosophy asks "why." Essentially the scientists make observations, and construct theories to explain how the laws of nature interact, what those laws are, and how that explains the observations. The philosopher looks at the scientists\' work and asks, why are the laws of physics the way they are? What does that mean for our society and help us cope with the human condition?I believe it falls into "philosophy" once it crosses a line of provability. If it *cannot* be proven by virtue of it being unprovable then it would be up to philosophy to examine it instead of physics. Physics tends to stick with claims that can be made where there could be evidence for or against those claims.
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Do those phone apps that say they can save power actually do anything?
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generally no. If you take a look at what your smartphone uses the lion share of its battery for its the screen . The easiest way for most smartphone users to extend their battery life is just to keep their screen brightness down and set short timeout for the screen after that the phone will spend most of the remaining bulk of its power on maintaining its connection to the network when not in use This percentage can go up if the phone has poor reception or if you spend a lot of time on a call or video. Its a common misconception also that they have apps running in the background to blame for poor battery life.app killers have been the rage for a long time, but truthfully they do little to nothing to help. Unlike a PC a phone will not ususlly run two apps at the same time but when you have multiple apps "open" it just means that their in a sort of suspended animation, waiting for you to open them again. this is why if you press home out of say a playing youtube video or an angry birds game it will pause until you go back in where on a PC, just changing to a new window won't do that. Music apps have to be designed with special permissions to keep running behind the scenes and are an exception not the rule. If you are having exceptionally bad battery life then the issue may be hardware related. You may want to bring your phone in to your carrier for them to look at.
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How does Winrar get companies to pay for it when they could do exactly what we are doing?
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Why does anyone still use WinRAR when we could all just use 7-zip?', "WinRAR's license specifically allows you to keep trying it as long as you're merely an individual; however, if you're a company, you have to buy a license or you risk huge liability if caught, and since the software is so consistent in nagging, nobody could say the company didn't know they were infringing. Companies have to license all sorts of software, so it's easier in many cases to just get it over with and expense that through the well-established processes than run the risk of going out of business over a lawsuit about a single small piece of software.
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When Windows first loads and everything is going extremely slowly for several minutes but task manager doesn't show anything taking up much CPU or RAM, what the hell is it doing?
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Look at your I/O , most of the time, that is what is slowing down your windows startup the most. That's why so many people buy SSDs, they are much faster than regular hard drives .
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How do completely deaf people know what is being said after their cochlear implant is turned on?
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I had a had a friend growing up that was deaf and got a cochlear implant in second grade. She was out of school for a week afterwards but once she came back she could understand everything I said extremely well. Even if she couldn't see my lips she could easily understand me. She could already speak, sign, and read lips pretty well before she got the implant so that probably aided her in understanding me so quickly. She has been deaf since birth and is now studying language, she knows at least 4 by now. Something I'd like to address here in addition to what has been previously mentioned. Deaf people only sound the way they do because they cannot hear themselves properly. My friend recieved an upgraded implant a year ago and her voice instantly changed. Every few sentences you could hear her real voice. She has no doubt improved since I last spoke with her.According to some accounts of having the implant it varies upon each person. If the person is born deaf and is given an implant, supposedly the can suffer a large amount of pain when hearing for the first time. This is due to the brain struggling to react to the unfamiliar sensation. Once the pain subsides a person can begin to hear. Once they can easily hear sounds clearly they often undergo speech therapy, which teaches them to follow spoken sentences and begin to speak themselves.
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In this advance of Information Technology, why we still rely solely on blackbox?
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We don't rely solely on the black box. It is, as you suggest, a last resort. Modern aircraft broadcast their position, elevation, heading, and air speed almost continuously, and this information is made available in real-time or nearly so . Unfortunately, in a situation where any of this is needed, is one where things have gone horribly wrong. In this case, the black box may be useful or necessary to tie together many other pieces of information surrounding the incident. Even if we had complete, real-time data on every accident, the "what" data does not tell us "why". The "why" is the purpose of the long NTSB investigations, and would you really trust a report issued before all possible sources of data were collected?
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What makes super powers impossible?
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Most super powers violate the laws of physics. That's what makes them so "super", and it's also what makes them impossible. If there were possible, like the James Bond or Batman stuff, they wouldn't be super powers but just cool gadgets.
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Why do couples that are having trouble getting pregnant want a biological child so much when there are many children in need of adoption?
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It is the innate human drive to carry on the individuals own genetic heritage. If you adopt, you and your partners DNA is not passed to future generations. This also plays into an individuals want/need to be genetically immortal via its offspring.This is a complex issue, but the short answer is biology, sentimentality, and socialization. People are biologically driven to reproduce, which at it's basic level means ensuring your genetics live on for another generation. Thus, people are biologically driven to have children that have their genes. Many couples also have a desire to share in the creative experience in producing a baby. Thus it's important for them to have a biological child because it can be considered a physical expression of the love they share together. A baby is literally both of them combined into one. Finally, our society reinforces the above notion subtly and overtly, plus generally stigmatizes children available for adoption as emotionally scarred, damaged, disabled in some way, potentially psychotic, and all sorts of other stereotypes that make many people disinclined to adopt.
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Why do people find PDA uncomfortable?
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Swapping mouth juices is kinda gross. Other forms of PDA are less gross, but still can be pretty gross, especially if the two people are ALL OVER each other. Also, sometimes envy or jealousy play into it. Also, sometimes certain pairings of people/genders make people uncomfortable.As far as I understand, it's a cultural thing. In much of France and parts of Italy, people getting felt up in street corners is somewhat common and nothing to get huffy about. They also don't mind simple nudity. Our culture considers affection to be heavily tied with sex, and we are raised/attenuated to the idea that anything sexual or intimate is very private. Our bodies are private, what we do with each other's bodies is private, etc. So it's really uncomfortable for us to watch it because it feels like we're being dragged into their bedroom.
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Where exactly does money from paid bails go to?
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If you show up for your trial, you get the money back. If you don't show up for your trial, it goes into the general fund for the courts.
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How (if at all) would the extinction of flies and/or mosquitoes affect the course of nature?
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An interesting question. Like you said in the description, it would make our lives happier. Firstly, there would be no Malaria being spread by Mosquitoes in third world countries, so, going back to your original point, less people will die and therefore more people will be happy. Moving onto flies. When flies land on your food at a picnic, or a BBQ, they are trying to eat it. Flies eat differently than us; they spit out acid which digests the food, and turns it into goo. Then the fly uses its long tube-like mouth to suck it up. Disgusting, right? That's not even the start of the story. Chances are, before that fly landed on your tasty steak or crispy crisps, it was eating a nice fresh piece of animal poo. Now this is the truly disgusting part. When a fly lands on a piece of poo, tiny bits of it get stuck to its legs. Then, it flies over to your food and lands on it; which spreads germs from the poo. ***DISGUSTING***. **But believe it or not** flies are actually *sorta* important to our ecosystem. Because of the flies diet, they will eat dead things, and thus remove them for us . So without the humble fly, we would have dead carcasses and animal feces everywhere. That will be truly disgusting. TL;DR: Flies we need those guys. As for Mosquitoes, fuck the bastards. Ps. To anyone reading this; would this be a good question to post on /r/HistoricalWhatIf ? Edit: Grammar and shtuff. Edit #2 : found some links to flies. None on Mosquitoes. I hate the bastards. _URL_0_ _URL_2_ _URL_1_
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Is alcoholism hereditary? If so, how?
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Alcoholism isn't hereditary so much as there is a gene that cause one to be prone to addiction. My dad was an alcoholic I never was, but i am a recovering meth addict. I have been clean for 4 years", 'Yes and no. What is hereditary is a *predisposition*, like with so much in genetics. It's rarely a full trait that you inherit, it's more often a predisposition. Whether or not it develops depends on the environment, possibly your parents * - how did they live when you were conceived?)*. Also, a genetic predisposition is not necessary, it just "helps" becoming addicted - [someone without the relevant genes may still become addicted]I always thought it was the addictive personality traits but i know nothing
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Why do people tend to get colds during the winter months, but not the summer months?
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Not exactly the cold, but there are some theories around flu transmission. Essentially the cold weather is believed to help the virus survive longer outside the host, while the lower humidity levels often found during winter may aid in aerosol transmission. Lower humidity also dries out the mucus membranes, possibly making them more susceptible to viral transmission as well as causing us to touch our noses more often.I've five possibilities, but nothing definitive. * When it's cold out, people stay inside, with the windows closed, so they can spread diseases more easily. * Cold weather means drier air, which means dry membranes inside the nose, which means viruses can get in more easily, so people get sick more easily. * In cold weather noses produce more mucus, which gets on things more and spreads disease. * Cold body temperatures cause the blood vessels in the nose throat to constrict, which reduces heat loss, but also makes the immune system not work as well, so it's easier to get sick. * Flu viruses change by first infecting an aquatic bird and then jumping to a chicken or pig before moving to a person. This tends to happen in Asia and then the new flu spreads to Europe and North America in 6-9 months. It's possible that there is some seasonal aspect to this, such as when birds migrate, which makes this more likely to happen in the summer so the virus reaches us in the winter.
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How has Magic Johnson been able to live so long with HIV?
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HAART therapy combines a whole load of drugs that can reduce the rate at which HIV becomes aids. They target things like how the viruses genetic material becomes DNA, it can prevent binding of the virus to human cells, it can stop viral DNA from being integrated with our DNA so the building blocks of viruses can't be made and they can prevent those blocks from being put together. The virus evolves methods of beating these treatments though. Nowdays HIV suferers can have a life expectancy into their 70s. I am a microbiology student and have had this info drilled into me but this is ELI5 so i'll leave it at that.If you can afford it, the drug cocktail used to combat HIV and allow you to live more normally is quite effective.
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The difference between Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Coke Life.
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Coca Cola uses lots of sugar, and hence has lots of calories Diet Coke replaces the sugar with sweeteners such as aspartame, which are calorie-free. Therefore the drink is calorie-free. Some people think aspartame is unnatural and therefore like to avoid it. So they introduced Coke Life, which uses Stevia as a sweetener. Stevia can be quite bitter by itself, so it's mixed with a little bit of sugar. This means it is not calorie-free, but is much lower in calories than regular Coca Cola.* Diet Coke- new formula with artificial sweetener. * Coca-Cola Zero- same taste as original, with artificial sweetener. * Coca-Cola Life- same taste as original, with both and real and artificial sweetener.Coca-Cola - Original drink, roughly 11% sugar by weight. Diet Coke - Introduced in the 80s, completely different recipe although very similar taste. Sweetened with aspartame. 0% sugar. Coke Zero - Introduced around 10 years ago as men found diet coke targeted at women. Sugar free version of the original drink, using the same recipe. Sweetened with aspartame. 0% sugar. Coca-Cola life - Introduced in the last year, uses a blend of Stevia and sugar to sweeten to give a reduced sugar content. Stevia was a controversial sweetener but now has been given the 'green light'. Around 7% sugar.
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why is there still royalty in England
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Just to clarify, in the UK at present, we don't have a King, we have the Queen and her consort, the prince. As doc_daneeka touched on, the Queen has an important role, although essentially ceremonial, in our parliamentary constitutional monarchy system as the head of state. It's not a great comparison given the Queen never expresses any political opinions or uses any of the powers she has without direction from her government, but she's in essence the 'president' in our system and given the complicated unwritten constitution it would certainly be a huge task to remove the position. The other major reason is that there's not a huge will to get rid of them, there are small republican movements but they've never really attracted wide support. We did remove the monarchy after our civil war in 1649 but restored about 20 years later and we've been 'content' with them ever since. And then there's the money, for all the talk of 'what they cost us' it's not a bad deal, the monarchy essentially gave up their land etc. and the subsequent income that made to the treasury in exchange for what was called 'the civil list', an annual budget of about £8m. Then there's all the tourism revenue they help create. TLDR; Too much effort to remove them from the system, they don't cost a great deal in comparison to what they pull in and republicanism isn't widely supported.
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Why do different objects release different sounds when banged or tapped on?
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Because different materials have different makeups, crystaline or non-crystaline structures, densities, volumes, masses and chemical makeups. Sound travels through an item based on all of these objectives, and the sound that you hear from an impact varies greatly between dropping a bowling ball, and a ball-point pen. Generally speaking, the more air that is inside an object, such as a hollow beach ball or a soccer ball, is going to make a more hollow smacking sound, while metal ball bearings or larger objects will make a more high pitched or pinging noise. This is due to the fact that sound doesn't travel well through these materials and you just hear the initial impact on the surface, while a beach ball is made of 99% air and the sound echos inside the ball well.
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What does checking/unchecking "Treat as an alias" do in gmail?
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When you add an email account to your gmail, you can send and receive messages as that email address. However, this can cause some issues when sending and receiving between your Gmail account and your Alternate account: 1. If you send an email to yourself , that message will show up in both your Sent folder and your Inbox, because your Gmail sent the email and your Alternate received an email.2. If you click "Reply" on an email that got sent from your Alternate email, the "To:" field will be populated with your Gmail address instead of the person who actually sent it. Unchecking the box "Treat as an alias" fixes these problems. If you intend on using your Gmail to send and receive emails using your Alternate account , then you probably want to leave this box checked. If you intend on sending email on behalf of another email account but still want email to work normally between your Gmail and Alternate, then you may want to uncheck this box. Source: [_URL_0_]
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When our pupils dilate, where does the surrounding iris retreat to if it's outer diameter doesn't change?
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There is a pupillary sphincter muscle that surrounds the pupil. It is this muscle constricting or relaxing that causes the pupil to constrict or dilate. The only part of the iris that moves is the part that is involved with the muscle.Look at a [close-up image] of an iris and you'll see that it's composed of many folded elements. When the pupil enlarges, these layers merely fold together into a more compact shape, allowing the pupil to expand.My pupils are often dilated, for no reason. In high school teachers would accuse me of being on drugs. Anyone know why? What makes pupils dilate randomly?
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How does the heart receives blod for its cells, I know it is a pump, and it seems inneficient to use the one it is pumping
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The heart pumps blood out to the aorta. From there, some of the blood actually routes back to the heart via 3 major arteries. If any of these 3 get blocked, that is a heart attack. I'm not sure what you mean by inefficient to use the one it's pumping
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Why were pants mainly for men and skirts for women back in the olden days?
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First off, many cultures around the world don't have this distinction - men and women in skirts is normal and they wouldn't understand the fuss. For the western world, trousers came about for practical reasons - they're easier to ride horses with is a big one. Women have kept skirts and dresses as western attitudes on femininity remained stuck with the idea that women can look pretty but don't really need to do anything practical. World War II was a major catalyst for wardrobe changes for women, but 100 years ago the idea of a woman in trousers was as difficult to understand for majority of people as a guy wearing a skirt today. Up until about 100 years ago, children in the west still wore unisex outfits and even 50 years ago the idea of pink is for girls and blue is for boys didn't exist . On a side issue, you'll probably find that women's trousers have the flap covering the fly opening opposite to men's, with the explanation being that men dressed themselves and women were dressed by their maids . Depending on the shape of the skirt, of course it's better for men, but western society in general has an issue with accepting this. Skirts are simpler to make and can even be warmer than trousers. For women, pants may make more sense than for men but skirts still do too.
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If 0.1 amps can be lethal to a human, then why don't I die when touching the contacts of a phone battery, which is 3.8 V and 1500-3200 mA?
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When you touch the contacts of a battery, the current that flows through your body is governed by [Ohms law]. Because your body, and in particular your skin, has a high electrical resitance, the current that results from a 3.8 Volt potential difference is in the range of micro Amperes, which typically will not register with your nervous system. The number 1500-3200 that you mention is a measure for how much electrical energy can be stored in the battery, and it is usually expressed in milli Ampere hours . A capacity of 1500 mAh means that your battery is able to sustain a current of 1500 mA for the duration of one hour before it is depleted. Or 750 mA for a duration of two hours. Or 15 mA for a duration of 100 hours0.1 A *in the right place* can be lethal -- and that place is directly across the heart. If you just touch phone battery contacts, for one, resistance is too high for that amount of volts to establish current, and two, even if it were high enough, the path would not go across your heartbecause the 1500-3200 mA is mAH which is a measurement of storage potential not current. since a free standing battery has no current traveling through it, just by simple touching the contacts does not cause much current to flow through itBecause our body, like other materials has electrical resistance which makes low voltages relatively harmless.
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The universe either started at one point, or has always been there. How are either possible?
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> Point 1 seems illogical- it begs the question "what allowed the universe into being" You are approaching this from a standpoint of absolute reliance on causality. Our brains are wired and designed to think of everything in terms of cause and effect - if there is an effect then we assume there must be a cause. And indeed we constantly observe cause and effect everyday around us. But there is no fundamental logical reason why an effect *has* to have a cause. To say "what caused time to start" isn't a meaningful question as in order for something to *cause* something to start, time must exist.You know people thousands of years ago asked the same questions about the earth. 1) Where does the earth start. Does it go on forever? If it does how is that possible? 2) If it doesn't go on forever where does it end? And what is after the end? Both questions seem unanswerable, don't they? They are illogical. Because the assumption was the earth was flat, so you have to ask these obvious questions, they BEGGED to be asked. And when you have a incorrect assumption they are unanswerable, . Until we figured out we are living on a sphere with gravity holding us down, the answer is then: 1) It does go on forever, but is at the same time finite. 2) It doesn't end, because you are walking around it. So a seemingly impossible question is answered very easily when you add a few weird facts that were previously unknown. The same is true for time, we just don't know enough to answer the question, but it will be answerable.
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How does the UN General Assembly enforce its decisions?
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It doesn't. The power to enforce UN resolutions belongs to the UN Security Council, and any of the 5 permanent members can veto any action the security council might take.
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What causes internet outages?
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From my personal experience as an internet tech support rep, there are several things that could go wrong. It could be a hardware issue at the central office, or hardware issue in one of the internet boxes for your neighbourhood , it could be the wiring running to your house, copper or fiber, being broken or worn down, it could be the box attached to your house that connects those wires to your modem, it could be your modem or router itself lots of different issues. The most common issue would be the modem hasn't been restarted in awhile. Like any piece of smart technology, devices need to be restarted because over time bugs and error codes build up in the memory and bog it down. Restarting devices erases these bugs and gets the system working again. EDIT: for spelling and grammar.
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Why does the USA send billions of dollars to other countries when it's public schools are broke, healthcare is hurting, and infrastructure is crumbling?
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Because humanity is important as a whole. We might have crumbled roads, but some places have none.It doesn't. The US spends less than 1% of the national budget on foreign aid. _URL_0_
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What was Hitlers final goal? Was it to conquer all of Europe or just prove that Germany is a superpower not to be dealt with?
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More than anything, Nazi Germany wanted space, or "living room" to expand the German culture, heritage, and power. From a practical perspective this meant controlling continental Europe, North Africa, the Caucuses, and Western Russia. All under a single *German* state. This would allow Germany, and Germans plenty of resources and space to spread out and be more productive, as well as cementing Germany as the major world powerHis *stated* final goal was to conquer the whole world, and presumably this meant the extermination of all "lesser" races. In the short term he wanted to exterminate most of the population of Eastern Europe and create space for German settlers to expand, he was, in fact, inspired by the United States, who expanded into Indian territory so that every American could be self-sufficient and have land of their own. How seriously Hitler took this belief is a mystery. Was he so deranged that he actually thought this was possible? Who knows.
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How do ATMs always dispense the crispiest of bills? Even if the bills are years old.
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They can dispense nice-looking bills because that's what they are filled with. ATMs are filled with money that comes from the bank, and the banks remove worn and damaged bills from circulation.
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People who can see other people's aura's.
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Little mix of crazy, too much pot, and some scammers in the mix as wellThe Amazing Randi has done experiments with people who claim to read auras. The best one is having the person introduced to 10 random people and describing their aura then having the people stand behind a curtain and having the person identify each of the 10 solely by their aura. Everyone that has tried this has failed to produce results as good as random chance guessing. There is a million dollars US for anyone that can pull the trick off and that money is safe because the whole aura thing is BS', "I'm figuring it is a loose interpretation of they non verbal language in the broad sense such as expression, posture, clothing, level of grooming, how they act they react. These people might not have the scientific basis to describe these observations and translate they into auras.
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Can jury nullification work the other way too? As in, is it possible for a jury to purposely convict a provingly innocent person resulting in a legal conviction?
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No, not in the same way. When a jury rules a man innocent despite the evidence against him, the state can't do anything about it. The Constitution protects him from being tried again for the same crime. That is what creates the institution of "jury nullification"--the acquittal can't be second-guessed. But when a jury rules a man guilty despite the evidence, a judge *can* rule otherwise. If the jury could not reasonably have reached a guilty verdict given the evidence, it will not stand. Even if the trial judge decides against it, the convict has the opportunity to appeal. Jury verdicts are rarely overturned in this way, but the verdict has to have at least some relation to the evidence, unlike with nullification. To be sure, a biased jury or judge can do a lot of harm. There are plenty of cases where, to outsiders, the verdict is questionable. But there is an important conceptual difference.> is it possible for a jury to purposely convict a provingly innocent person resulting in a legal conviction? Not really. Judges have the power to overturn a jury's guilty verdict . Note that this doesn't cause the defendant to be found not guilty. Rather, it results in a mistrial, and the entire trial has to be redone again with an new jury . And even if that specific judge played along with convicting someone who was clearly not guilty, the defendant could appeal the case to a higher court, and it's not likely that everyone up to and including the Supreme Court is going to be okay with the situation.
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Why did the Nazis house Jews and other minorities in concentration camps instead of simply killing them?
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Nazis housed them for experiments as well as free labor. Many camps also contained political prisoners or intellectuals that they could exploit for information. This also ties in with the Final Solution, by gathering these undesirables, it made it easier for the Nazi's to systematically execute all of them. They'd use less ammunition, less gas, and less resources than hunting them all in the streets.So the Nazis operated two different types of camps, the "concentration camps", where prisoners were housed and used for forced labor as well as occasional human experimentation, and then there were the "extermination camps" where people were taken off the trains and sent directly to a gas chamber or firing squad to be killed. Initially, all the camps were concentration camps, though many people died there from overwork, starvation, disease, and brutality from the SS. They were still intended to just be like prisons, but the government didn't really mind if a lot of the prisoners died, since the prisoners were "undesirables." But by the 1940s, they decided that they were actually going to exterminate large numbers of people and not bother housing them anywhere or using them as slave labor, and when firing squads weren't efficient enough , they created gas chambers that could kill dozens or even hundreds of people at once. Now obviously most people aren't going to cooperate and walk calmly to their death, so the existence of the gas chambers and firing squads was kept secret. Most people who were deported to the camps thought they were going to be kept as prisoners and made to do forced labor. The gas chambers were made to look like large shower rooms and they were told that the chambers were going to de-louse them.
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Why does Israel spy on the US?
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Everyone spies on everyone as much as they are able if they are smart. Making decisions requires information. If you don't have correct information then you are less capable of making the right decisions. Therefore if you value making the right decisions then you must also value pursuing accurate information, even if those people with the information don't really want you to know. You see, the people making the decisions swore an oath to their own people and owe it to them to make the right decisions, and they don't owe the people who want to keep secrets anything at all. This is why everyone has spies of varying ability, even if nobody wants to talk about it.
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How come some comments change when I upvote them?
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I think it is because if somebody alters the comment after you've loaded the page, the moment you vote it is selectively updated by javascript in the browser in order to get the vote counted right.
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Why do fruits and vegetables always feel cold, even when they should be room temperature?
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How cold things feel to the touch is a reflection of their ability to conduct heat. Items which are better heat conductors will feel colder, whereas items that don't conduct heat well, will feel less cold. Put a glass cup, a plastic cup, and a metal cup on your counter and let them all come to room temperature. The metal one will feel coldest, because it has high heat transfer. The plastic one will feel least cold, for the opposite reason. Fruits have a high water content, and so generally conduct heat fairly well. Thus they feel cold.
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Why does a bike balance while its moving?
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Bikes use multiple things that keep the bike up and prevent it from going left to right a lot. The way the front wheel is build it makes the bike turn when you drop towards a side. Now the bike went from falling to turning. And while turning the centrifugal force starts to push you back up. What could happen is that you get pushed to the other side and start to wobble. The mentioned angular momentum dampens the wobble. Even though it won't stop the wobble it makes it easier to handle. And all the friction in the turning parts of the bike and between the wheel and the street will eventually stop it completely.
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