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Why do we have to buy domain names from companies instead of just claiming it ourselves for free?
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Back in the day, before everyone and his uncle wanted a domain name, before the world wide web, before google, you *could* just ask for a domain name and get it for free. Who did you ask? The National Science Foundation, of all things. When domains started getting more popular, the National Science Foundation got tired of doing it, and farmed the process out to anyone who wanted to be a "domain registrar." Turns out it's quite a bit of work.How are you going to convince other people that that domain name should point to your computers? Or even tell them, for that matter? And how are you going to convince them that they should listen to you and not the other people that are saying that _URL_0_ should point to their computers? You're buying the exclusive rights to it across the Internet, and paying for the computer systems that you do not control to tell everyone else on the Internet about it.When the Internet really took off commercially and started to spread throughout the globe, the United States Government, through discussions in the "Green Papers", spun off the role of DNS management to a private non-profit organization called ICANN. [In the ICANN by-laws], it was decided that they would assign responsibility of the generic top level domains to outside organizations. These organizations then deal with ICANN directly when it comes to their involvement with managing the TLD, ICANN grants then the right to charge for their registrar services and receives a small consideration every time a domain name is registered. The relationship works similarly to how pubic utility companies work with cities, counties, and states, where utilities are granted necessary consideration for their business to function from the government in exchange for government oversight into their operations and their pricing and the right to charge a tax to their clients. So, a non-profit is created, they assign registrar tasks to other entities in exchange for a small fee from each registration, then that registrar up-charges to sell registration to resellers.
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What is the Standard Model? Why does it matter?
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The Standard Model is our current best theory of particle physics. It contains all the particles and all the forces necessary to explain everyday life. There are six quarks and six leptons that make up pretty much everything we usually refer to as "matter." Then there are the four fundamental forces that govern every single interaction in the entire universe , and the gauge bosons for each of those forces. It matters because it pretty much explains all of physics. There are a few exceptions. For example, the Standard Model doesn't really say much about gravity. There exists a theorized gauge boson for gravity, called the graviton, in the Standard Model, but it's never been seen experimentally.
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Why is rainwater not salty?
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As you almost said in your question, the act of evaporation involves the water molecules getting enough energy so that the water can take its gasous form. The key part here is "water molecules". When water evaporates, nothing else gets "picked up" with it. Each molecule is always by definition pure H2O. Once up in the atmosphere this water vapour condenses again and forms clouds. Now that it has a tangible form , other things that are in the atmosphere can dissolve in it once more. This will usually be other gases such as carbon dioxide. Finally, when the condensed water vapour joins into drops large enough to fall due to gravity, we get rain. As the rain descends it might pass through dust and other solid pollutants, some of which will also dissolve into the rain. So by the time a raindrop lands back on earth it's unlikely to be pure H2O, even though that's how it started out when it first evaporated. You'll notice that salt is not mentioned in this description. Salt molecules remain most definitely solid at the sort of temperatures you encounter at the surface of the earth and therefore when the water evaporates they get left behind. Incidentally this fact is one of the primary means by which salt is "harvested" -- seawater is poured into large containers and the water allowed to evaporate. The compounds left behind consist of various salts but primarily NaCl.Because salt particulates have a much higher vaporizing point. If you take some water, pour a bunch of salt in, and proceed to boil all the water away, you'll be left with a bunch of salt again.
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What is the difference between investors and shareholders?
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In a publicly traded company, anyone can buy shares. They are thus investing in the company. Their say in how the company is actually run is limited. Usually virtually the only say they have is in the election of the Board of Directors. Investors in a privately held company sometimes invest in return for shares, but that isn't the only possible model. They may simply own a percentage of the company. In rare cases, they don't own any part of the company, but invest in return for something else, such as a fixed return on their investment or rights to use some asset of the company. Private investors, if they are large investors, often have a substantial say in the running of the company. They can demand a seat on the Board ."Shareholders" is a technical term that means people who own shares. Investors is a more broad word that we use to describe people who invest money in businesses. If you're investing capital in a corporation, that would make you a shareholder. But there are other forms investment could take .Shareholders are investors in the business, but not all investors are shareholders, some businesses are not publicly quoted and therefore don't have shareholders, even though the investors who set up the business own a proportion of the business.
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How much progression do we have into time travel possibilities?
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All the advancements in modern physics have progressed us away from the possibility of time travel. Since Einstein's work on relativity, we've found more and more evidence indicating that nothing can go faster than the speed of light, and this severely limits theoretical avenues for the discovery of time travel. Of course we might have it all wrong but we'd need an epic revolution in physics to get the possibility of time travel back on the table, and that's not the sort of thing you can count on.
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Everyone says that if Pakistan and India go to war, there will be global consequences. What are they?
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Both have nuclear weapons and would probably use them if faced with an existential threat such as actually losing a conventional war to their deadly enemy. The rest of the world has an interest in avoiding a nuclear war, wouldn't you say?", 'China would go to war with India if the state of Pakistan was threatened by existential annihilation. China will intervene because if India conquer or annexed or effectively subdued Pakistan, then India will emerge as the undisputed hegemon of the subcontinentIt would cause wide spread destabilization of that entire region, and along with it, every market that relies on that region, including our own. If their economy crashes, ours will also feel the effects, possibly resulting in a further depression. It could also cause larger superpowers to begin struggling for resources now available through shifting political alignments. This could lead to escalated tensions in other parts of the world. With economies in jeopardy and the top dog position on the line, larger wars are possible. Not to mention the nuclear weapons they both haveBoth sides have nukes. If any other country's citizens die due to that, that COULD be an act of war. So now its between India, Pakistan, and "X," . Both sides also have international sweethearts; the rest of the world's powers tend to support one or the other. It could possibly set off proxy wars between nations that have no business being anywhere near that word.
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How come I can get really tired reading a book or watching tv, but when I try to go to sleep immediately after I toss and turn for hours before finally falling asleep?
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If you're like me, it's because your mind races. Reading or watching TV means something is effectively doing a lot of the "thinking" for you. You can start to doze and still have the thoughts be fed to you. When thinking in bed, some thoughts lead to more and it just spirals out of control. Funny thing is, when you're in bed and can't sleep and your mom texts you to take out the trash. Sleeping is almost instantaneous.Its your body way of telling you that you didn't reddit long enough. Go a head and take out your phone and open your favorite reedit app up and it will all go away.
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Why is saffron so expensive?
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Saffron comes from the stigmas of a flower called the purple crocus. There's only a few stigmas in each flower. So it takes a lot of flowers and a lot of hard labor to harvest and prepare even a small amount of saffron. I think it's cheaper if you buy saffron threads instead of in ground powder form, though.
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when skydiving, is the gravity of the earth's core pulling me down or the air molecules I am in contact with?
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Everything attracts everything. However, the heavier the object, the more force it will exert on you. Imagine all the weight of the air above you when jumping ; that weight is negligible compared to the weight of the earth + the air beneath you . Side note: the distance is also very important. If you double the distance, the force is divided by 4. This is why you wouldn't fall off the moon if you stood on it and the earth passed by overhead. But this isn't important while you are still in the atmosphere.All of it. Everything with mass pulls on you with a force proportional to its mass. In practice, this means that the mass of the earth dwarfs everything else around though. But yes, the air is also pulling on you too. Just with a *much* less significant force than the earth is. For that matter, your own body is also pulling the earth toward you, very, very slightly
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How do internet companies that offer large amounts of data storage turn a profit?
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Ever since GMail, companies have found that this model can work. The thing is that huge capacities are a powerful selling point but most people don't use much of that capacity. I have had my gmail account since 2006, sending and getting mail actively all that time, and use 370 MB now. Note that these services usually go aggressively after misusers of their service. Anyone who has tried to run some sort of a remote storage system over GMail has found themselves banned in a hurry. So as long as you keep out those users who will use up 100% of their storage, you're left with legitimate users who use 2-5% or so, not that expensive to provide for, and since they're legitimately using the service, potentially a good source of profit .
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The Planned Parenthood Fetal Organ Donation Program
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Yes, the fetal tissue is harvested after abortion only with the mother's consent. If the mother does not consent, the tissue is destroyed in the same way all medical waste is destroyed. The tissue can come from any sort of abortion, whether that is a fetus that is not viable, one that threatens the life of the mother or simply a child that the mother does not want. I do believe it needs to be a surgical abortion and the mother needs to be along a certain amount of weeks, but please don't quote me on that. I've tried to find a source for that, but it is sadly very hard to find anything in terms of sensible information out there right now with all the conservative lying and fear mongering. As long as the tissue is well enough intact, it can be donated to companies that do medical research. PP is not allowed to sell fetal tissue, however the companies that receive said tissues can make donations to PP. Usually there is an agreement to donate enough to cover the cost of handling and transportation.
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Why are there 'LATEST Snowden leaks'?
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From the sources I've seen it's being released in chunks to keep it on people's minds and in the media longer.
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If you have a pile of mulch/woodchips/etc and leave it long enough it can start to smoke. How?
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A large enough pile will be generating heat all through it, and the stuff in the middle has nowhere for the heat to go, so it builds up. Eventually, you'll hit the smoke point for something in the pile and voila! Smoke!
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How scientists determine the composition of each planet/ Star?
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Different elements have different light emissions, so by analyzing the light coming from a star or reflecting off a planet, you can tell what it is mostly composed of. Edit: the light spectrum analysis looks like this: _URL_0_
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What's going on in Scotland and the U.K. with regards to potential Scottish Independence?
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On the 18th of September 2014, people living in Scotland, and who are registered to vote, will be given the opportunity to answer a very simple question: "Should Scotland be an independent country?" 50% +1 of those who have voted must have voted Yes for it to pass. On September 19th, the result will be announced. If it is a Yes campaign win: - Alex Salmond, First Minister of Scotland, will then have the democratic mandate to compose a team of negotiators, and enter into formal negotiations with the rest of the UK. This will be cross party, and include prominent politicians from all areas of the political spectrum.- The SNP White Paper hopes that discussions will reach a point that independence is possible by 24th March 2016.- Discussions with both the UK government and the European Union would continue beyond the date of Scottish Independence, as many, many issues will require attention, not least EU membership, NATO membership, treaties etc. If it is a Better Together campaign win: - The UK government's three main parties have agreed, in principle, that the Scottish Parliament should receive further devolution of powers, including tax raising powers.- Which specific powers are devolved to the Scottish Parliament by the UK government is largely dependent on what UK party wins the 2015 General Election.- The timeline of further devolution is unclear, as Better Together's three central parties disagree as to the best course to implement these further powers. Hopefully this is a fairly non-biased summary, I am a Yes voter after all ;)', "There's a referendum on whether the people want to stay or leave the UK. It would mean an independent Scotland if it's passed. Although, coincidently, they just announced that Kate is expecting another sprog. They believe this will sway people towards staying as they get swept up in another royal pregnancy.
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Why haven't foreign Armies gone to stop the ISIS?
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I can't answer for either different countries or the United States government, since I'm not apart of either; but from the American people there is a huge sense of "war-weariness". The people are tired of fighting long, bloody, expensive, and often unnecessary wars on the other side of the globe. There is already a huge resentment of the Bush administration for lying to goad the United States into war; and a sense of disillusionment as Obama continues the war in Afghanistan . We know what is happening is awful, but honestly, would another 7,000 American dead be worth fighting another "War on Terror"; which would just bring more bloodshed to the region after we left?Iraq is a sovereign nation and wants to stand on its own feet and not be seen as a puppetBecause they have nothing to gain from it. In international politics, emotions and ethics are the last things you want to use to make decisions.
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How can wood be "Fire-Hardened" without burning to ash?
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Fire-hardening involves removing moisture from the wood, then burning off an outer layer. The fibers are burned away from this section but much of the lignin, which is a complex repeating molecule is left behind. These tightly interlock to form a smooth, waterproof surface that can be deep enough to protect the wood even when scratched. This was used in early weapon production, and a method of Japanese wood preservation known as Shou Sugi Ban. Often other plant oils are added before or after burning to enhance the effect of the coatingCooking the moisture out of green wood and starting to brown it results in a moisture content around 3-5% which makes the lignin quite hard And a little brittle.
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How do colors work in space? Are the photos we see the true colors of planets, nebulae, etc. or is everything actually gray scale to the human eye?
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A little of both. Things in space really do have colors - Mars is red, Saturn is yellow-y, etc. Mostly depending on their dominant chemical makeup. However, many images from space telescopes and such are well, not fake, but deliberately colored towards some effect. This can range from something relatively minor, like exaggerating the saturation so that finer details are easier to see, to something pretty major, like assigning visible colors to different non-visible exposures . In all those cases, the caption usually explains how the image was processed, and the processing is done to aid scientific study of the image. But it still means, it wouldn't quite look that way "in person".
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How does the Wayback Machine work? Do deactivated accounts and deleted posts still get stored even if you don't archive them in the _URL_0_ website?
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They have maaaaaaassive servers in the petabyte range. edit: [9 PB + 20 TB/mo] i was wrong They regularly crawl through the web and store each of the results given. Given most pages are less than 1 MB and most are less than 300-500 kB, they can store many snapshots of a lot of pages almost indefinitely. They rarely delete anything i think, at least very rarely. They only take the snapshots of un-logged websites so any personal information stored is kind of your problem.
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How do builders/electricians lay overhead wires from distant buildings.
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They don't. 500m is rather long to not use a pole. They don't use common wire either, they use wire rated for aerial exposure, plus contains a steel wire to take the weight of the cable without having to stress the conductors. Now, with that, they install an insulator to the structure, so as tension of the wire does not pull out. That steel wire is attached through the insulator and around itself, or a tension adapter is used to grip the wire and loop through the insulator. The non steel part of the cable is ran where it needs to be, to connect to the building services it is for. It is just ran on the ground, and pulled up by rope usually.If the terrain between the buildings is passable they will run the line along the ground and pull it taut. If the terrain is difficult, they might use a line-throwing gun or a line rocket .I don't know that this is how it is done, but if I had to do it, I'd either put a scaffold between the two buildings, fly a drone across the gap [pretty sure this isn't how it's done], or drop the cable loosely down across the ground between the two buildings, then pull it taut.
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Why is battery still required for the car's engine to keep running?
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During the operation, the battery just serves as energy storage in case electrical demands exceed the output of the alternator at any given time, which is rare. But in most cars, the alternator is connected to the belt. If the belt snaps, no electricity is being generated, and all electrical demands will be sourced from the battery. But in most situations, if the belt snaps, you have worse things to worry about depending on what else is connected to the belt.Load of things, paricularly on modern cars. The ignition system draws several amps, and even on a diesel there's a solenoid which has to be held open. The fuel injection system draws quite a bit. The fuel pump is almost always electric these days, and without fuel it won't work. But most of all, modern engines simply won't run without the computer operating them. This is what makes them so efficient and clean . EDIT tyop.
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If Spider-Man is a mutant, why isn't he considered part of the X-Men? Does Magneto consider him on the mutant side?
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Spider-Man is not a mutant. He falls into the "Altered Human" category of Marvel Supers, along with other characters of similar age, like the Hulk, the members of the Fantastic Four, and the Silver Surfer.The 'X-Men' does not include ALL mutants. The X-Men is just a group of mutants, under the guidance of Professor X, who protect non-mutants from violent mutants. Spider-Man is TECHNICALLY NOT a mutant. He was bitten by a radio-active spider and gained his powers in that way. Mutants are BORN with special powers because of a certain mutated gene. To answer your second question, Magneto would consider him on the side of Professor X, because Spider-Man protects non-mutants and Spider-Man does not want the world ruled by mutants.
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How knowing mathematics is important for learning how to code a computer
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As a web developer, I wouldn't say I use much mathematics, what I do use is logic. Maybe math is heavily suggested because it forces you to think logically? On a side note, I know certain programming like motion and such does deal with math.
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If the average human body temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, why does 98 degree weather feel so hot & have the potential to cause a heat stroke?
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because our bodies generate heat and need cooling. at 98 degrees it wouldn't be able to cool very well.
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Why is burnt food a carcinogen?
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First, you have to understand what cancer is. Cancer is when some of the cells in your body start growing and making new cells much faster than they're supposed to. The part of the cell that tells it how to grow is called the DNA, and it looks like a long, curled up chain. The shape of the chain is like writing that tells the cell how to grow. Burning food and digesting burnt food creates a bunch of different chemicals. Some of the chemicals are called epoxides. These chemicals stick to DNA and change its shape. Most of the time that just makes the cell die . But if they change the shape in the right place, it could mess up the way the cell grows and cause cancer.
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Why does my cat want to cuddle then suddenly attack me viciously?
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He doesn't want to cuddle, he wants warmth, just let him do his thing, then, pat his head, don't over stimulate him. You'll want to know your cat well, after the Facebook thing
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how does bone marrow actually manufacture blood?
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Pharmacist - Bone marrow contain a special type of stem cell. These divide and multiply. Under the influence of various hormones, some of them mature into the various cellular components of blood. While there are many types of such cells they are generally referred to as white or red blood cells. One of the treatments they use for kidney dialysis patients is the hormone that tells the body to make "red blood cells". One of the treatments they use for chemotherapy patients it the hormone that says make "white blood cells" Other parts of the blood are made and regulated elsewhere. Your digestive and kidney systems handle the salt and water balance. Your Liver makes all the proteins you need to make blood clot and keep the water from leaking out of your veins.
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How did English surpass French as the "lingua franca" of the world?
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The UK's international influence from trade and colonization had eclipsed that of France by the mid 19th Century. At about the same time, US influence was on the rise, especially in the New World and the Asian Pacific. Then in the early 20th Century, multimedia took off with the US in the center of it. Music and movies, and eventually radio and television started to export American English speaking culture throughout the world in an era where France has been devastated by two world wars.France's glory and continental dominance waned towards the end of the 19th century, then declined quickly after WW1. During that time, the US began to gain prominence as an international power, skyrocketing to "superpower" status after WWII. It was natural that English became the lingua franc You had an english speaking empire, that really spread the language over the world. The english empire was followed by an even more economically spread american influence. Also note that in international diplomacy french is still the language to have. One should also not forget how immensely widespread spanish or russian are or how many native speakers are chineseThe role of uk followed by US as the main superpower has already been mentioned. In addition, english was either selected or naturally becane the common language of fields like aviation and computing, which i think also helped when those fields blew up into massive aspects of lifeThis is a vast oversimplification, but the Black Death way back in the 14th century played a big role in slowing the spread of French and helped facilitate the spread of the English language. By killing off much of the French-speaking nobility and upper class around the cities in England, due to population density, the English-speaking lower class moved in from the countryside to fill the void.
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how the Hawking Radiation was proved to be true and why it is so widely accepted, and how it actually works.
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If something is inside the event horizon of a black hole then it can never escape. If something is just outside the event horizon then it can either move towards the blackhole and cross the event horizon, or it can be moving fast enough and escape. Quantum mechanics allows for the spontaneous creation of pairs of particles . Normally this pair of particles soon interacts with the universe - the antiparticle annihilates a particle - and balance is restored. If the pair is produced near a blackhole and they are moving in directions such that the particle is moving away from the blackhole and the antiparticle is moving towards the blackhole, then the anti-particle can cross the event horizon and annihilate a particle inside blackhole. In this way the blackhole gets fractionally smaller and there is a new particle in the universe - the net effect is that the blackhole emitted a particle. The effect is too small to have been observed.
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In America, how do multimillionaires and billionaires store their money if they are only insured up to $250,000 according to the FDIC?
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Investments. And their cash assets are just spread over several banks or just over the insured limit. Most people with net worth over $5 million have most of their wealth in growth or income-generating investments like stocks, companies or real estate.
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how do shopping cart anti-theft wheel locks work?
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There is a braking device inside the wheels which contains a radio receiver. Around the boundary of the store grounds is a transmitter loop, much like an invisible dog fence, putting out a signal. When the cart crosses the invisible fence, it receives the signal from the transmitter and triggers the brakes inside the wheel, locking it up.
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How do doctors, nurses, etc. tend to sick people constantly without getting sick all the time themselves?
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Hello! This is a great question, and something healthcare staff should always keep in mind when working around patients. Depending on what the patient's diagnosis is, different precautions are taken. Staff wear disposable **personal protective equipment ** based on protocol. & nbsp; A **standard or universal precaution** is applied to every patient, even if they do not have an infectious diagnosis. This involves basics like hand washing/sanitizing before and after contact, as well as gloves. You never know what someone has, so it is best to play it safe when coming in contact with potential disease vectors like blood and vomit. Patients with a **contact**-spread disease, e.g. norovirus, are designated as such and given adequate isolation to prevent transmitting the disease to another patient. This can be a private room or sharing a room with a patient diagnosed with the same infection. Staff wear disposable gowns as well as the aforementioned gloves. All equipment brought into the room is cleaned, or the room will preferably have its own set of equipment. Diseases spread through droplets up to 3 feet, whether by coughing or sneezing, such as influenza, require **droplet precautions**. A surgical mask prevents inhalation of these droplets, and often staff will also wear contact PPE if getting close to the patient Varicella and measles, etc. are spread similarly, but form small particles that can travel further and penetrate surgical masks. In preparation for **airborne precautions**, staff are fit-tested with N95 respirators early on. Sometimes, things go wrong, even with the most skilled professionals. Hospitals have policies and procedures to dictate how to handle things like accidental needle-sticks to prevent transmission of disease. & nbsp; I hope this helps!
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why doesn't rain always have the rain smell
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You're smelling chemicals and oils produced in dry soils being released into the air. These chemicals and oils are produced by certain bacteria and plants. So if you don't have dry soil or those certain plants/bacteria in abundance, you won't get the smell or it might not be strong enough to notice.
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Why are so many people on /r/politics and /r/worldnews rooting for Chris Dorner?
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Because Reddit generally hates cops and the united states. It is the cool thing to do.The LAPD has are really bad history when it comes to civil rights abuses. Them being out to get a black cop isn't all that far fetched. But in general, people tend to root for what makes the best story. Crazy guy snaps and takes some cops with him? Ho hum. But underdog cop, driven from the badge for reporting abuse, now on the run from corrupt forces wanted to silence him that's the stuff of summer blockbusters.Reddit worries me sometimes because of stuff like this they are? Fuck. Link please to these threads?I didn't know people were rooting for a mass murdering cop killer But there are a bunch of immature and ignorant children on reddit and I'm sure in his or her mind that its "cool" or something. Makes me physically sick learning people are rooting for a murderer. Little more of faith in humanity lost. Wish I wouldn't have seen this post!!! Fuck! Lol
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What exactly is meant when a company posts a quarterly loss or gain?
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It means that Amazon actually did not make a profit this quarter. To ELI5, publicly-traded companies add up their income and expenses, and the bottom line is a profit or loss statement for the month, quarter, or year.
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What is the difference between a "good" quality watch and a "poor" quality watch?
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It's all style. High-end watches are [Veblen goods]: They're in demand *because* they're so expensive. A fancy mechanical Rolex will keep much less accurate time than any $10 Timex with a quartz crystal.
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What's the logic behind the majority of dishes being round?
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This is likely due to durability and history of being made on a potters wheel. To the first point, corners and points are the easiest pieces of a piece to snap off. Being round eleminates corners and makes all edges equally strong. To the second point, a very common method of production of ceramic dishes is on a potters wheel. As it spins uniform pressure is applied to create a shape. This would most easily form uniform round shapes.
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What can one do to help the environment?
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Don't have children. Reducing the number of humans is a sure fire way to reduce humans impact on the planet.
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What molecular attribute governs bouncy-ness
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Elasticity and electromagnetism. Basically, when the ball hits the floor, it deforms elastically. Atoms and molecules are pushed together, against their own repulsive forces. This stores energy. Once there is no more energy to store , the molecules use that stored energy to return the ball to its original form, which pushes it up.
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United States "territories and possessions"
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A territory is a part of the United States that is not a state or the District of Columbia. People living there are US citizens, but typically do not have all the rights of people living in states, nor do they have all the obligations. Basically, they can't vote for president, they can't elect representatives, and they don't have to pay many federal taxes. The remaining US territories are islands in the Carribean and Pacific. Most are too small to have state level governments some are completely uninhabited. Puetro Rico is the only territory large enough to consider statehood, but its citizens have decided against it in multiple referenda. There are a lot of ways these islands became territories. Puerto Rico and Guam were ceded by the Spanish after the Spanish-American War. The US Virgin Islands were purchased from Denmark. The North Marianas Islands asked to be a territory rather than seeking independence.
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Why does 60° water feel way colder than 60° air?
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So you're standing in your birthday suit in a 60 degree room. You're a little chilly, but there's a tiny pocket of air immediately around you that has been warmed up by your body, so you're comfortable. Unless a fan is turned on, which disturbs your warm air pocket. That pocket is gone when you're in 60 degree water, and it's harder for your body to create a warm pocket.
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How did Michael Jackson change skin color?
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He had vitiligo, as confirmed from his autopsy, dozens of sources, pictures of his hands and legs, and by himself. He used make-up to even it out and some people claim he bleached his skin to speed up the process. In the end, his skin looked very pale and was very sensitive to the sun, that's why he wore clothes that covered most of his body and held an umbrella in the summer.
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What exactly is pain tolerance?
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It's exactly as you explained it. You have nerve signals that tell your brain when something isn't right and if they are constantly sending signals to your brain saying things are painful, your brain starts ignoring the signal so things that are equally as painful are felt as weaker by your body.Some people have learned mentally to cope with pain -- to accept it as somewhat routine, and to react to it less than others. This is part of "pain tolerance." Also, people appear to have physical differences such that one really feels pain less than another.
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In regards to alcohol, what does proof and percent by volume really mean? Is one more important than the other?
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The term "Proof" is a holdover from less scientific days, where unscrupulous people might try to sell you watered down booze. You 'd mix a bit of the liquid with some gun powder and drop a match. If it burned, that was "proof" that the beverage was not watered down. In modern times "proof" is quantified properly, and 2 "proof" points equals 1% ABV . So ultimately we're talking about 2 terms with slightly different scales measuring the exact same thingPercent by volume is just what it sounds like. If you mixed 50 ml of ethanol with 50 ml of other stuff, the resulting concoction would be 50% alcohol by volume . "Proof" is a bit more of an archaic measurement that dates back from times before ABV was easily measurable in a finished product. What exactly it means depends on where and when you are, but suffice to say in the modern United States it is literally just a number equal to twice the ABV, e.g. 80 proof is 40% alcohol by volume.It's the ratio of ethanol, which actually gets you drunk, to other stuff. 200 proof equals 100 ethanol. Wine has sugars and other stuff from the grapes it was made from. That gives it its flavor. That also means you won't get as drunk as you would if you drank the same amount of, say, vodka.They measure the same thing, the alcohol content of the liquor. 1 proof = .5% alcohol, just halve the proof number to get the percent amount.
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the appeals process in the American court system.
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There are a *ton* of court cases, and everyone has to wait their turn in line, this just takes up a lot of time waiting for a court to hear your case. In addition, lawyers and prosecutors need time to build their cases, gather evidence and do a variety of administrative procedures to ensure everything is going right. So add this all up, and well, its just really really time-consuming. There are also a variety of tactics for both sides based on extending the amount of time before trial, but these are quite complicated and more case-specific issues.
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why do airport security take sharp objects off you (safety razors, safety pins, nail scissors) and then allow you to buy them at the pharmacy in departures?
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The TSA exists mostly as a show of force to dissuade people from trying things in airport security zones. If a clever person really wanted to get something nefarious in, they probably could, but most people simply aren't that dedicated. By making everyone subtly hate the TSA, the mythos that they are unbeatable permeates the society and fewer people try anything. This isn't to say they are ineffective, of course, it's just that their effectiveness has little to do with their actual security precautions, and more to do with the sociological consequences of them.
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The difference between rar files and zip files
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One reminds you every time you use it that it hasn't been purchased; the other doesn't.Well, back in the day you did not compress files. All files were as they were and there was nothing you could do about it. If you wanted to put a 2 mb file onto a 1.44 mb disk you needed 2 disks. Then the idea of compression was invented. But, there is more than one way to skin a cat, so there is more than one way to compress a file. The people working with the indivdual standards developed tools to compress the file. There was a bit of a war with what standards compressed better, or faster, or had more options and so on. At the end of the war there were 2 compressors standing. rar, and zip. Today they both do basically the same thing. But unlike other format wars there was no need for one to eliminate the other. By the time the war was over, most tools had the ability to open files of any type, or compress into any type. So here we are today, with zips and rars.I presume it's because people wanted to distribute compression without infringing on technology patents or paying extra to license the technology
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Why do we use the color red for stop, yellow for caution/slow, and green for go?
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I know the answer to this, I just cant explain it that well because its been a while since I have heard the reason. Basically the red light that travels from the light can travel the farthest due to its longer wavelength. This means it is easier to see from farther away, even if its shady/cloudy/foggy, etc. Green is the complimentary color to red so it makes the most sense. Also, another reason would be because red indicates danger, and demands attention, like blood. Where green is a cooler color. Both of these combined make lights what they are today ^^^Please ^^^don't ^^^hurt ^^^me ^^^this ^^^is ^^^my ^^^first ^^^ELI5 ^^^explanation
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How do you "count" cards and why is it considered bad by casinos?
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As u/LordDivo said. It's best to work in a team so you can kind of see what tables have the best odds for the players. If you're going solo, the basic strategy is you sit down and start with 0 in your head. You then have to watch every card. Lower cards are +1 . Higher cards are -1 . I believe the middle 3 cards are 0. The higher the score that you are counting, the better your odds are. This is when you place your larger bets. What makes this difficult isn't the math, as its just plus or minus 1, but counting every single card. Doing this while trying to not be obvious as it is against casino policy. Side note: you know those little charts that you can find online for blackjack? The ones that say when you should hit, fold, double down, etc casinos generally don't care if you bring these to the table.
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Why do car batteries have a positive and negative side which need jumper cables to charge, rather than a simple plug system like most other batteries?
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Batteries all have a positive and a negative side. I am not quite sure what plug you are talking about that most other batteries use. The terminals are often standard but the location of the terminals is determined by the layout of the battery and can not be standardized across different types of batteries. Military vehicles, buses and trucks often do have a standard plug for charging the battery and jump starting the vehicle. However this have not catched on with normal cars yetBattery posts have been standardized for ages now, so companies would have to add an inbuilt plug ontop of the terminals. More cost for little less user effort i guess?
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What is gas lighting?
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Maybe you're looking for a practical example? A good way to begin is by moving everyday objects into new places and pretending they have always been there. Move a lamp from one corner of a room to another. When they notice or comment say, "What? No, that lamp has always been there." Act casual.A lot of these answers have talked about doing things to drive people insane or to doubt their sanity, but I think that's a bit of an overstatement. The way gaslighting is used usually has a narrower meaning, which is more like: > Deliberately misstating or twisting the truth in order to make another person doubt that their own memory or understanding of something. What makes it different from regular lying is that the goal isn't just for the person to believe the lie, it's that the point of the lie is to make the person not even sure what the truth is. When an abuser tells the police that they have never hit their spouse, that's lying. When the abuser tells the abused spouse that they've never hit them except in self-defense, as part of a way to make the spouse confused and full of self doubt, that's gaslighting.Gaslighting is using misdirection or trickery to make a person or group doubt their sanity. For example, the people who made movie posters for the Sinbad movie, Shazam!, are gaslighting people under a Mandela Effect. The term comes from a play called "Gas Light" where Jack makes his wife Bella think she is insane by, among other things, making her think she is imagining the gas lights going dimIt is when one party creates conditions or situations that causes the affected party to believe that they may be going crazyNext time try googling "Gaslightling ELI5" instead of just "gaslighting". You'll find the previous threads posted about this.
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Why do militaries paint missiles? Aren't they just going to explode and get destroyed anyway?
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Missiles spend most of their operational lifetime not exploding. The paint is for those times.In addition to what's already been mentioned, stripes are painted different colors to differentiate dummy ordnance from live ordnance. You definitely don't want those mixed up.
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What is the case for keeping the electoral college versus just using the popular vote?
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The Electoral College is a check on the electorate. The people could vote for a charismatic populist despot and the supposedly well-informed and impartial Electors could cast faithless votes to either elect someone else, or send the Presidential Election to Congress. This reflects the fear of pure democracy that was common in the 18th and 19th centuries. However today there is greater distrust in political elites and experts than in the electorate . Regardless, the Electoral College is a constitutional institution. The US Congress and 38 states must agree on a constitutional amendment to replace it OR states equaling 270 electoral votes must sign and approve the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact, effectively creating a popular vote regime that would dictate the votes of the Electoral College. Currently states totaling 161 electoral votes have signed the Compact.The point of the electoral college is that elections were never intended to be a popular vote. The entities voting for presidential candidates *aren't individual citizens*. The entities voting are **the states themselves**. Each state gets a certain number of votes, based partially on its population size, and each state has to decide how that state's votes will be allocated. It just so happens that each state has decided to use a local popular vote to decide how to distribute its electoral votes.
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Why is it when a body part falls asleep, we perceive it as a static-y feeling?
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The very short version is that you 've restrictied the blood flow to a particular extremity. Nerves being the nessicary sensitive bitches they are rely on lots of blood to function properly. If that's cut down, you get the "jerking off hand of death" for 5 - 20 minutes as the blood flow restores normal function. In the mean time, your nerves are sending a "I\'M DYING!!1!" to your brain. I find this is a really good time to try "the stranger".
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What happened to Mongolia?
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Genghis Khan's empire was huge but unstable. It broke apart almost immediately after his death. As time passed on the last remnants of the empire simply faded away. Most simply assimilated into local culture and others were just conquered by more powerful and stable empires like in China.
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How do indoor shooting range backstops work?
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I was going to write out a long post on this, but it turns out someone has done it before me and even has pretty pictures. [Here is a good rundown of indoor range backstop options in a PDF.] The two basic approaches are angled barriers that deflect bullets into a catchment area, or soft materials like sand or rubber that decelerate bullets safely. Often these approaches are combined, and each has its own pros and cons.There is a incline on the roof and a berm that direct shots into a trap at the back of the range, by the time the bullet gets to the trap there isn't enough energy behind it to get back onto the range Edit: I guess modern traps are vertical _URL_1_
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how massive public companies go private. For example, Dell going private a few years ago and Michael Dell apparently banking off the transition. Follow-up: the Dell and EMC merger.
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so, in the specific instance of the Dell privatization, Michael Dell took out a giant loan from several financial institutions and made a deal with the major stockholders to purchase the stocks. He also used that money to buy a significant number of public stocks and use his newfound majority to 'purchase' the remainder of the stock. His bet was that he could re-work the company as a private investor to make it worth more money than the value of his loans.
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How are those metal soaps able to take off the smell of food from our hands? Like that of fish and other quite pungent food?
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It doesn't work. Here is a site that talks about it: _URL_0_ or you can do some more research online. There isn't much else to say.
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The movement of long string-like things through the air/water
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It’s a ripple in the air-filled material propagating through the arms, a traveling wave of vibration. These waves originate from the movement of the larger body, which all the arms are connected to. So they all move in about the same way. The light weight in air and the bulkiness—and sheer size—of the kite is what makes this movement look so trippy. Beautiful kite.
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I´ve been reading that Iceland didn´t bail out their banks but bailed out the people. What does that mean, and how did they do it?
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They basically said "we will bail out domestic depositors, but not international investors". Most of these international investors had already been bailed out through their own banks who expected Iceland to make good on its promises. When Iceland reneged on the deal, there was a lot of pressure on Iceland to make good on it, both in courts and through international diplomacy. It's still not fully resolved. The line that "they bailed out the people, not the banks" looks good on a Facebook meme. But the reality is they bailed out their own people by screwing over British and Dutch banks and investors, because Iceland's banking fund for such things was not properly capitalized.Icleand's currency was slipping against the Euro. Iceland banks upped the interest rates to drive foreign investment. The banks were unable to guarantee such high interest rates and collapsed. The Goverment bailed out the banks but only paid out to their countrymen leaving all the foreign investors in the cold. Icelandic currency crashed along with their stock market and had to have the IMF bail them out. Once the recovery kicked in Bankers and Government officials were put on trial for negligence and some were jailed.I think people in Iceland took a big hit from the crisis, just in different ways than other countries: inflation and currency devaluation, for example. See _URL_0_ and _URL_1_
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Who uses Webmail and who uses things like POP and IMAP?
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Web mail is great of you always have an internet connection and hence can access your mail providers servers. You get to take advantage of things like mail folders and smart anti-spam filters as part of this. If you find yourself without internet access but needing to get into your mails, you will need to have a mail client installed, and it would have had to pull down a local copy of the mails in question . This then allows you to work on these mails and pen responses, ready to send when you have internet access. I won't go into the advantages of pop3 vs IMAP, but can if needed :)
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Why do we forget most of our dreams after waking up?
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Recalling dreams has a lot to do with mindfulness of one's conscience, your inner dialogue, imagination, etc. So I think we often forget our dreams because we just aren't trained to recall them. But then you might remember a dream that was intense or had an emotional response. I feel like the same thing is true for your conscience while you're awake. I mean just think for a minute - how much of your inner dialogue do you remember from today, specifically? Or how much of your imagination wanderings do you remember from today while you were awake? If you're like me, not that many. Recalling your dreams is similar in my mind. You have to train your brain in mindfulness of your conscience while awake and eventually you'll start doing so while you're dreaming too. Keeping a dream journal or mindfulness meditation can aide in this - and you can eventually get to the point where you can lucid dream which is a real treat!", 'also, you go through many stages of sleep, one of them being REM . you dont usually wake up during REM, but if you do, you will likely remember it. so, if you wake up in another stage, you probably wont remember your dream
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Why does eating uncooked dough make your stomach sick?
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Most doughs have eggs in the ingredients. You can get sick from uncooked eggs / bacteria. regardless of eggs, bacteria tends to only go dormant when it's cold. Bacteria can pop right back to life at room temperature and even in your gut. It takes about 160 F to kill bacteria. Cook your food throughly first. Except good steaks.
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What's the difference between Spotify Radio and Pandora?
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The difference is mostly in their aim. Say you like the music of pink floyd, and go to pandora. Pandora will create a playlist of progressive rock, psychedelic stuff, and some pink floyd, with aims of showing you the varied musical world revolving around pink floyd, opening the proverbial pandora's box. Now say you went on spotify and told it you liked pink floyd, you would get a nice Pink floyd playlist. Different sites, with different aims, that is all.
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Why is it that you can *feel* like you're forgetting something?
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Simply put: Because you're remembering that you had to remember something, but you're not remembering *what*. Hence, you feel like you're forgetting something.
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E: How come intangible assets (e.g. patents) do not depreciate even though they have an estimated useful life (i.e. they expire)?
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Accounting student here, about to graduate. They do depreciate but they give it a different name. Its called amortizationAccounting rules aside there is an economic explanation to this too That's because appreciation and depreciation can only occur if an asset is *traded* on a market and has money value. In accounting the appreciation and depreciation is then estimated following an appropriate rule of establishing relevant price . If you can't trade an asset - and you can't *really* trade a patent because of how they are constructed legally - then they are amortized to reflect the loss of value in a more or less sensible manner. As for the inability of patents to be traded goods it comes from the fact that in most jurisdictions you can sell your *rights* to a patent exclusively but they will be dependent on the initial patent grant. Which means that for example you will not be able to extend it, amend it or sue based on anything else than this original patent - and only if such transfer of rights is allowed in a country. The original patent holder will be the point of reference for all patent disputes etc. Also since patents are exclusive in nature - being legal monopolies - it is almost impossible to provide a sufficiently similar asset to even estimate its value. Therefore since it's just one incomplete transaction amortization is just as useful as any sort of "market price" of value estimation by an independent assessor and far more fair since it takes into account values which are not subject to dispute to any great extent by third parties.
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depression among young people who are half asian and half white
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/r/hapas generally believes a significant portion, if not the majority, of Asian women who bear children with White men do not have a positive view of the Asian race. Sort of the opposite of Black pride. The sub calls these people "White Worshippers." These women wish to erase or minimize their own Asian identity so they throw themselves to White men. Obviously, self-loathing parents make bad parents. Meanwhile, White men who have trouble courting women will pick the low-hanging fruit that are these "White Worshippers." Obviously, men who have difficulty in attracting women are probably flawed in some way or another. Both of these factors increase the chances of an unhealthy family. This is an overgeneralization by /r/hapas. Obviously, there are many Asian women who are proud of their race and White men who have no trouble with women. There was a study that concluded Asian men who bear children with White women significantly outearn White men who bear children with Asian women, so their families are generally more stable. This mitigates the depression in their children. However, a bigger source of depression is arguably not the family, but society in general. Despite the ideals of equality, ethnicity is still a very important part of identity in America. A mixed-ethnicity child will face more ostracization, even in the most tolerant communities, because he or she will have trouble fitting in with pure-ethnicity peers. This is common to all ethnicities, Black-White, Latino-White, etc. source: lurked on /r/hapas for many months
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Economically, what would happen to the world if all of the Walmarts were to shut down?
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Their business would move to other companies. In time, another company would move into the space left by Walmart, and would become the new Walmart. So, in essence, nothing substantive would happen, other than a name change.
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How is it possible for female ducks to have evolved with protective vaginas?
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The female duck isn't abstinent; it wants to *select* the best drake to mate with. Ducks only mate once a year, and often form monogamous pairs, so it may be "beneficial" for drakes to rape female ducks to increase the chance that the brood that is hatched that year contains the drake's DNA. However, this means that the female duck loses its selectivity. Since it is getting raped, it can't really chose the best drake to mate with. So it began to evolve a defensive mechanism to prevent the rapes, while still allowing mating with the chosen drake.
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how does the sit in that is going on in the House of Representatives work?
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The House is in recess right now so the representatives there are basically sitting in protest and to draw attention to their cause. The House can go ahead and try to put a bill to vote or they could convene in another location if the Speak of the House decides to. That is in the procedural rules I believeIn the civil rights movement, sit-ins were very popular. Another word for it could be incompetence, but not in a bad way.With these people, they are basically saying that they will not leave the floor until a bill is passed to increase gun control. The house cannot continue with a normal session until they leave, so they will either need to pass a bill, or get nothing done.In the civil rights movement, people would sit in restaurants they weren't allowed in for hours until the servers would "give in" to them and serve them food.The house doesn't technically *have* to do anything. The politicians sitting in don't technically have anything to barter with other than public image and the annoyance level of those wanting it to end. Think of it like a filibuster, but with more than 1 person. The people trying to stop the sit in are trying a few things, like cutting cameras to try and cut down on exposure.
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Why modern cars have more of a whine/hum and older cars have roar/rumble.
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Older cars tend to have a larger and slower engine, while newer ones usually have small, fast running engines. Also, there wasn't really any insulation around the engine or in the actual muffler to stop sound. If you were to chop the muffler off basically any new car with a decent sized engine, you'd see it sounds almost exactly like an older one", 'Yeah larger pistons that move slower in older cars typically made from forged steel. New cars have smaller lighter components that can spin faster. Also, newer technologies in emissions control like meekl said dampen and change the sound
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Why next-generation consoles require massive (sometimes almost 100GB) downloads for games, both disc and virtual, while old consoles could survive with just 4GB of internal storage and could hold dozens of games
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Its mostly for high definition or UltraHD textures for all the surfaces, and cutscenes if they are video clips.Sound and music also use up a significant amount of space, but that reached peak quality many years ago. And with the storage and bandwidth becoming less limited, the developers dont bother with compressing the files much, if at all. They dont see the need for optimization, though their customers would probably welcome it for most kinds of software.
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What keeps fungal infections like athlete’s foot, angular cheilitis or scalp seborrhea from spreading to other parts of the body?
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These are local infections of fungi. The fungi are able to grow and reproduce in a specific microclimate. Outside of that area this ability does not help them enough. The fungi for athlete's foot flourish inside shoes inside toes. The humidity is high. They do not penetrate the skin or grow large. They survive in a vary narrow ecological niche. Outside that niche they do not make it.
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So are mass shooters mentally ill or not?
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Not all of them. And mental illness is a subjective thing, a spectrum based partially on behaviour. One of the main things that'll get you a mental health diagnosis is going out and shooting a bunch of people, which is a kinda crazy thing to do. But 26% of American adults are diagnosed with a mental illness in a given year. But only 5% of people charged with gun crimes are diagnosed with a mental illness at time of crime. But *clearly* mental health isn't the thing causing the US problem with mass shooters, because all countries have about the same amount of mental illness, but the US has a hugely disproportionate number of mass shooters. Mental health by country graphic _URL_0_ Same with the media and celebrity; all Western countries have similar media cultures and celebrity worship. Whatever it is causing the US's incredibly disproportionate rate of mass shooters, its *definitely not* mental health, the media, or attitudes about celebrity, because all are similar in the US to those in Canada, Australia, UK, France, Germany, etc. So it must be something that is *very different* in the US, compared to those other countries
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Why do we "dance" when we have to pee really bad?
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Anything to take your mind off of the urgency. Alternately, you could slam a car door on your hand to take away the pee urge.Physiologically speaking, the 'dance' is your body trying to relieve some of the pressure by your stance and posture. And failing to find a 'comfortable' answer
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How does a infant's heart work in a transplant to a four year old?
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The heart is a very versatile organ! It can handle much more work than a normal heart would in a normal body. The gap is a little short of 2 years so the development of the 18 mnth old heart and 4 yr old body isnt that much yet so the 18 mnth old heart can easily pump blood to the 4 yr old body. A normal adult heart still works and pumps blood on a morbidly obese person.That is how versatile a heart is! 2. Yes but the heart can handle it, as the body grows, the heart also grows and reach maturation in which the 2 year gap between the heart and body wont even matter anymore 3. No, an adults heart is just too big to be transplanted to a toddler
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What is that sensation where you hear something inside your own head when falling asleep sometimes?
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_URL_0_ I experience this on a regular basis. Just wait until you are able to interact with the noise Not a good time_URL_1_ I think you might be talking about this.
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Why do we grunt when standing/bending?
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Breath in and then tense up your abs--while holding your breath in. You should feel the air pushing up against your closed throat. Now relax Tense up your abs again, this time without holding your breath. The air can escape now! When you grunt, you're simply using this air to vocalize--that is, make sounds with your throat. Here's a tip: the next time you do a sit-up, breathe out on your way up and breathe in on your way down. This will keep your core nice and focused when it needs to be.
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How did the court come up with the punishments for crimes. eg. 15 years maximum for GBH.
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They make it up! With the war on drugs came a big dick measuring contest with who's going to be "tough on crime". The 24 hour news cycle solidified this. Let's say youre a politician trying to make their mark and you hear about this new drug that the kids are using. Well marijuana carries a one year sentence and cocaine 5 , and this drug is "bad" so let's make it a felony since felonies are bad.. 5 years. If we make the sentence one year or rehab the media will blast me for being soft on crime, better make it 5. That's why things that were considered relatively minor years ago are now felonies. Also no one usually gets the max. They stack multiple felonies against you and you plea guilty. That is another issue thoughCrimes are usually a certain type of misdemeanor or felony which have specified sentencing ranges in the law statutes. There are also mandatory sentencing laws most famously for drug sentencing. These just say that anyone convicted of certain offenses must be sentenced to a minimum of a certain amount of time. The process of setting these, especially mandatory sentencing laws, is fairly political.
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When I have a bad cold and lose my voice, why can I still whisper and it sound like a normal whisper?
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Because whispering is half of speaking. Your vocal chords generate a tone, which your mouth then shapes and filters into various sounds. But you can replace the tone with "loud breathing" - i.e. noise - and get a very similar effect to speech. This is what we call whispering. So when you're sick, the part of you that sounds different is the tone-generating part. Your mouth doesn't stop being able to filter sounds, you just have a problem with the input part. But when you whisper, no tone is involved, so you sound the same as when you're healthy. Source: former sound engineerWhen you whisper, you're not moving your vocal cords at all. "Losing your voice" involves irritation of your vocal cords. But if you're not moving them, then they have no impact on the sound of your voice.
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Can animals develop a taste for music such as humans do?
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My cat will tap her tail to the beat of music playing on the stereo, I can't confirm if shes enjoying it or not though. My grandmother has an African Grey parrot, he has the capacity to learn anything, but there are specific sounds he picks up immediately and uses often while other things it takes a lot of repeating to get him to learn. He will also dance , but only to some music. Also unknown if he's "enjoying" it or just finds it more interesting.
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How do our bodies create a vacuum to inhale air?
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Your diaphragm relaxes. Naturally your body wants to be full and your diaphragm contracts to push air out. Then it relaxes to pull it back inThe lungs expand increasing volume. Air rushes in to fill extra volume. Lungs contact air rushes out.
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Why do sounds early in the morning appear much louder than they are during the day?
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Less ambient backround noise. The world is still asleep, so the normal noise of life is not as loud as it would be during the day when the world is awake.
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Why don't phone batteries limit charging after reaching some threshold charge percent?
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They do. Any device powered by a rechargeable lithium ion battery has a charge controller. Batteries are charged by applying a voltage greater than the cell voltage of the battery. If lithium ion batteries are left with a higher voltage applied after they are finished, they could catch fireThey do, they just report 100% below the actual maximum capacity of the battery. This is part of why stuff like "bump charging" works.Phones use lithium-ion batteries. These batteries have some very specific ways they WANT to be charged. they dont really care about the depth of the discharge, but it does affect how many recharges you can get. There is lots of other stuff going on with a phone charing circuit, like low battery for example. li-ion batteries have a lower limit, and when that lower limit is exceeded, chemistry happens in the battery making it very unsafe. so the phone says 0% when in fact the battery has quite a bit of voltage left in it. it is not zero. For example, an 18650 battery has a nominal voltage of 3.8, and will charge up to 4.2. you can discharge SAFELY down to about 3.0 volts. below 2.5, they start to have some chemistry change that renders that battery unsafe, and thus should not be recharged. the phone takes all of that into account in its charge/discharge circuit, so you dont have to know this and dont kill yourself with an exploding phone. When you plug in a phone and leave it plugged in, the battery will fully charge, but then to keep it at 100% the charger will trickle charge, sometimes as little as a milliamp of current. this constant current makes the li-ion very unhappy over time. thus why your phone says to unplug it after its charged. The battery just doesnt like being full all the time like that. over time it reduces the number of total charges that battery will take. li-ion batteries have a lifespan, and it's partly based on total discharge/recharge cycles.
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Why exposing a company with factual information can end up getting you sued?
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They can sue you if they feel like it. They have the right to sue you. It might get thrown out in court by a judge, but it doesn't mean they can't sue you, make you rack up legal bills in your defense or whatever until a judge sees the case and makes a decision. Simply suing someone is generally a bigger threat than the merits of a case, because a powerful side can complicate things so much that it bleeds you dry on money and time, while being mundane for the big boy. Completely normal business/legal practices
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Why are models usually stoic? Won't we find a smiling person more engaging, therefor attracting us more to the product?
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If the model is physically beautiful but the shot is moody, serious, and appears aloof and unrelateable to the viewer it creates a kind of mystique and unattainable vibe , which gives the product its own appeal. You don't want to be friends with the model, but you want to be them. Runway models are acting as living mannequins and too much expression would distract from the garments they are showcasingThere are certainly models who are stoic, but the vast majority of models are not. You're - I suspect - latching on to a specific presentation of models, not models generally. One quick glance at a few websites with models and you'll see: 1. Gap: _URL_0_ 2. Macy's women's section banner today - women being exciting. _URL_2_3. Target men's clothing today: _URL_1_ I'm to lazy to paste more, but I didn't have to look for these, they were literally the first three places I went. Further, with most products you're not supposed to be drawn to the model, you're supposed to want to BE the model. So I'm not sure your rationale works. When you see the stoic look, you're probably not buying something that is designed to take care of our kids, or to help you be a better teacher That stoic look is for trying to get you to buy something fashionable. That's the look associated with high fashion, with being "special" and so on. When you're thinking "i want to be the most beautiful woman in the world" do you really think "I want to be really joyously happy looking?". Nope.
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Why is it that most singers close their eyes when singing?
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Why do I stick my tongue out when learning new song on my guitar? No doubt the act of closing their eyes can be part of the performance, for show, but it is also part of getting into the moment, concentrating, and settling nerves. I don't know of any studies on the topic and a quick search didn't turn up anything too specific . When concentrating on one thing intently most people have "autonomic" responses that are not consciously done. Even when a skill is mastered closing ones eyes can increase hearing or touch. I don't know if there is one answer to your question, because it would depend. That is the most common answer to psychological questions: it depends.
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Where does having a soul and spirituality fall on the religious spectrum?
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You're at least mildly spiritual and not likely very religious. Generally I spiritual as a view that there is more to existence than first meets the eye. There is a deeper meaning or at least perspective going on that is hard to pinpoint. Religious is more often a set of beliefs or practices. Going to church. Attending religious holidays. Reading holy books on the regular. Faith in a particular God or way of life. Often times you'll have religious people that may not even be spiritual. Religion is more a culture than a part of their worldview or understanding of life. There are nice traditions that they enjoy participating in. If you're spiritual you may not believe there is any particular answer to life, or way to view it, other than to be aware that you've got a spirit and it needs to be taken care of like your body. A religious spiritual person will generally believe most or all of what they faith system preaches as reality. Possibly as only metaphorical explanations, but rooted in truth nonetheless and faultless. They'll feel some degree of having answers. There are plenty of places and mixes between these though. This is the most thorough I can be in my phone, hope it's at least something to ponder.
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"Who are you wearing?"
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The red carpet is basically a celebrity fashion show. The designers loan the celebrities clothing for free, in exchange for having their name mentioned. Reporters are interested because when someone wears a good-looking new design, they want to know who was the clever designer who made it. It is like appreciating artThat similar look matters, and often comes with its own price tag that's within the average viewer's budget. As well, while the exceedingly expensive dress the celeb is wearing is well outside the average budget, designers will often attach their names to more affordable ranges of clothing, or to fashion stores that sell affordable clothing. If viewers like the one celeb in the one dress, they may seek out other things with that designer's name attached . At the very least, some of the viewers might be other celebs or other fashion designers who seek out the ones mentioned in the interview to commission or collaborate. "I saw your dress last night on Scarlet Johansson at the Avengers 13 premier. I have five million dollars to spend and I want a nice dress "
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Why car manufacturers name their cars after the year after they are first released
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Marketing. Would you buy a 2010 Toyota when you could have the 2011 Ford?', "Back in the day, a car's model year matched the year they were released. Since a later model year was perceived as being better by consumers, manufacturers raced to get their model year out as soon as possible. Eventually, someone jumped the gun, and released theirs the December before then November, then October, until it got a little silly. But in marketing, silly often works. If a consumer will pay more for your 2013 even though it is July of 2012, you don't care if it is silly.I was told it was because "that's the year people will be first driving them en mass"ive wondered the same things with sports video games. madden 2013
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How/why did Los Angeles, the second-largest US city, not have a home NFL team for 20+ years?
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3 primary reasons. 1 - The NFL has TV blackouts in the area if the local team doesn't sell out their home game. LA had two teams in two different divisions, so games would be blacked out all the time when one of the teams wasn't great and didn't sell out. So when the two teams left, and LA could watch all the football it wanted, it was kind of nice. 2 - La refused to build a stadium. If someone wanted to move a team, the owner had to pay for it themselves. Smaller cities felt it was more important for civic reasons to keep a team, so they would help build a new stadium. When teams threatened to move to LA, the current city would offer help in building a brand new stadium and LA would not, so the teams would stay. And LA did not in part because 3 - There's a ton to do in LA; lots of other professional teams, multiple high-level college teams, the beaches, hollywood, etc. So LA didn't care as much about having a team as a city that is more defined by its sporting program to get on the map. So in general, the attitude from LA was "sure, we 'd like another team, but we're not going to make a huge effort over it because we're kind of too cool to show we care"
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A question from r/adviceanimals: Why do gifs load slower than HD video?
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A gif is a series of images played in succession, like a flipbook. Videos are encoded. Very smart people do fancy things to make it so that the file is smaller. For example, a lot of the time, most of the stuff on-screen isn't moving, so the computer doesn't bother drawing it again: the software just says "yeah, leave that stuff there, it's good where it is." For a GIF, the computer has to draw it again even if there was no change, because it doesn't know any better. You may notice that videos often get more blurry and choppy when there's movement, and that's a large part of the reason.Videos and gifs are both just a series of 1s and 0s. Your computer needs to translate those 1s and 0s into blocks of colour on the screen. Modern video codecs have been built to allow 'streaming' which basically means that as soon as your computer has received enough 1s and 0s to render the first few frames of video it will begin to play while the remaining 1s and 0s are transferred to your computer. Gifs don't have this functionality so your computer needs to have received all of the 1s and 0s before it can render the file. Some browsers or applications do try to render the gif as it downloads, but it's usually choppy and frame by frame until the entire image has loaded.
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Why do some wires, such as phone chargers, eventually become fussy and work only when placed into a very specific position?
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Cables like that are made up of a bunch of very thin wires inside. If you abuse your cables, such as by coiling them up very tightly, you can break the internal wires or the connections between the wire & the connector. Treat your cables well - don't coil them up tighter than they were when you bought them. Pull out by the connector, not the cable. Don't try to make tight bends with the cable at the point where it meets the connector.
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Why is it nearly impossible to move your eyes individually?
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You can move them separately as an infant, and lose the ability to do so around 4 months. The reason is because our eyesight is only in focus when we track with both eyes, and as an infant, there is no benefit to not seeing in focus. Infants' only goal is to develop as quick as possible, which means your brain essentially removes any functions that make it harder to develop or survive. This includes removing your ability to move your eyes separately by essentially connecting them in your brain. You tell one eye to look at a thing, and the signal is sent to both eyes. Another random fact: if a baby has one eye that doesn't work as well as the other, the brain will cut the connection to that eye at one year of age if corrective actions are not taken, for the same reasons mentioned above.
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Why is all life on earth based on RNA/DNA ?
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The simple answer is that it works so well. A system which works well has advantages of anything else. So there are more descendents using it than any other. One interesting variant is mad cow disease and its relatives. This is not life as we know it but the proteins are copied. So the disease is propagated without using nucleic acid.Every macro level life form is related, since their common ancestor had dna/rna, so have they. We don't know all microscopic life forms, so maybe some developed independently and aren't based on dna.
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How can movies show little kids smoking cigarettes?
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The cigarettes are most likely vaporisers, with fake cigarettes so that it looks real. Most movies I've seen of kids smoking were from decades ago though, when smoking was thought of as normal. I actually haven't seen many recent films where children.are smoking.
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Why is body odor usually confined to the armpit, even when a lot of people take extra measures to protect against it?
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The human body has two types of sweat glands: eccrine and apocrine. Eccrine glands are present all over, and typically secrete sweat that is mostly made of water. Their purpose is to keep your body cool when you're exposed to heat or enduring intense exercise. Apocrine glands, however, are located in targeted areas of the body—the armpits, for example—and they don’t really do much to cool you down. Instead they release proteins and lipids, and those molecules are the real smell culprits. Bacteria that live on the outside of your armpits feed on the secreted lipids, allowing them to thrive. They also disrupt the outer shell of the proteins that are secreted, releasing odor.
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Why do arcade games that use game cards have to still count the tickets by ones or twos on the card swiper screen? Can't they just instantly put it on your card?
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You don't notice digital transactions as much as physical ones. One common piece of advice is to tell people to deal with daily small transactions in cash; you're less likely to buy that bagel and coffee every day if you have to pull cash from your wallet every time, rather than if you just mindlessly swipe a card. Arcades want you to think nothing about how much you are spending, but physical tickets make it seem like you're winning a lot. You're just swiping your card, but netting a bunch of tickets when you do well. They're hoping you notice less that you just spent $20 and got yourself an eraser.
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What's the point of having and operating CCTV if you can rarely actually identify anyone using it?
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Detterent. Cheaper insurance. And even though you may not be able to identify people, it still serves to show what happened, which is often useful for insurance and legal purposespeople are less likely to commit crimes if they know they are being recorded imhoFirst of all: storing high quality surveilance footage is EXTREMELY expensive. Second: The most "humiliating" factor about surveilance cameras are the cameras themselves. If someone see that a place has surveilance, they are most likely to cover up their faces anyway. Trying to video someone who has covered their face, doesent get "easier" in 1080P 60FPS, if you get what Im trying to say. Low FPS, low resolution is enough to do the job, contra the costs of it. Questioning this, would be like asking "Why isnt there a police-officer standing at the door of every shop? It would make it so much harder for criminals to do their deeds". It simply costs too much, and the consumers wouldnt pay for it either. Its all about cost efficiency vs. what you actually get.First off, you won't hear anything on the news about the guy who was quickly identified, arrested, and it's all taken care of. You'll see the footage displayed and a plea for anyone who can identify the individual, and often *people will call in and correctly identify them*. You're likely getting a false idea of how futile those cameras are since you only hear about the noteworthy whodunnits. That said, any security is better than no security. It functions as a deterrant in many cases, and even if the footage only sees an individual wearing a blue shirt, black pants, wielding a knife, that information may help identify the perpetrator who has a blue shirt, black pants, and knife sitting in the corner of his bedroom when a search is conducted.
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Why do singers scrunch up their shoulders or move their hand up and down when they sing higher/lower?
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By flexing the diaphragm it changes the pitch and tone of the note. Sometimes it takes auxillary muscles. Imagine someone flexing their bicep with a straight arm. But they dont get the most of it. Also some is ritual.
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