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train · 279k rows

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Why is Sex pleasurable and yet Childbirth is incredibly painful? [Likely to be NSFW]	Sex drive is something all animals share. It's a basic, instinctual thing. Being able to even understand that there's a link between sex and childbirth is a uniquely human thing. Millions of years of evolution aren't going to change just because childbirth becomes unpleasant. and the main reason childbirth is hard for humans is because we've evolved these ridiculously oversized heads to hold our oversized brains.
National socialism vs Democratic socialism	National socialism is Nazism. Nazi is a sort of acronym for Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or National socialist German workers party. It is all about building a strong centralized state with a unified nation behind it, motivated by racial chauvinism and not really characterized at all by socialist economic policy. Democratic socialism is about promoting socialist economic policy within a democratic society. They have essentially nothing in common other than having the term socialist in their names.
Why can't they reuse the water at Fukushima?	They are. The problem is water is constantly leaking IN to the facility. So they need to store it or clean it up and discharge it.
What does 1 degree Celsius really mean?	One degree Celsius is one hundredth of the span of temperature between the freezing and boiling points of water at sea levelit was how Celsius calibrated his thermometer by setting the lower point at the melting point of water, and the higher point at the boiling point of water . then it was a simple process of dividing the space between into 100 equal units. compare this to Fahrenheit who used a ice/salt mixture for his lower point and the unfixed point of body temperature for his upper point
How Redbull racing, an energy drink continues to complely dominate Formula 1. While massive car manufacturers, Mercedes, Ferrari etc can't catch up?	Vettel's car was built by Renault, Red Bull GmbH provides a good portion of the funding but they're working with a major car manufacturer.
Why did the US and Soviets continue to expand their stockpiles during the cold war, even after each side had the retaliatory power to obliterate the others' industrial centers many times over?	Most of those nukes were intended to be used to destroy the other's launch sites before they could launch. It's a critical part of nuclear strategy: why are all the silos clustered in a few places in the middle of North Dakota and Montana, for example? But why aren't the all in one big facility, just sort-of spread out a little? Here's why: when a nuke blows up a silo it spreads a cloud of dust, sand and gravel into the stratosphere. Any other nuke trying to hit a nearby location will be sandblasted to nothing on the way in by that cloud. But an outgoing missile can fly through the cloud no problem! It takes about an hour for the cloud to dissipate. So you build your silos close together, but far enough apart that it takes a separate nuke to destroy each one. You know you'll sacrifice one of your silos, but after it's hit its neighbors have about an hour of free launch time where they'll be safe. Of course they can't do just too much damage because your enemy will have followed the exact same strategy. The technique is called "nuclear walking", I think, and it means an actual nuclear war would have been more drawn-out than people realize: in the first volley all the major population centers, ports, industries, and military bases are gone. Then for several days both sides\' bunkers keep lobbing handfuls of nukes at each other, pumping more and more fallout into the stratosphere, until one side ends up the last one standing and uses its remaining few nukes to complete the destruction of the other side. Hooray. Their prize is trying to survive the mess they 've made.The primary reason was so that they would still have enough to obliterate the other one even if the other one launched a surprise attack and destroyed most of them. Massively simplified, if the US thinks the Soviets might be able to destroy 90% of the US's warheads, the US needs to have 10x as many warheads to begin with.
a company like apple reports profits in the BILLIONS. Where does that go and why are people disapointed?	Let's say you earned $100,000 last year, and you reported you were able to put just $500 of that into savings. $500 might be a lot to the guy pouring your coffee at Starbucks, but you kind of suck at saving money, and your SO who wants to save up for a house is probably going to be pissed at you. Apple did the same thing, just to a bigger scale.
Why is it that parents go to great lengths to see that their children receive the best education available, yet do not take the time and effort to educate them as well?	Depends on the parent. In my house it's the school's job to teach my kids specific information; it's my job to teach them how that relates to life. So when they learned about the Civil War, we went to Gettysburg. When they read Hatchet we went camping and built campfires with flint. When they learned about weather, we went to the Mt. Washington Observatory. They went to Space Camp, and pottery class, and took stand up paddleboard lessons, and went to a wolf preserve,and to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and built rockets, and took a canoe trip down the delaware. Sitting at a desk can only teach you so much. You have to experience the world to really learn anything. That's my job.
how are the intensity and speed of wind related to the time of day? Aka why are winds calmer in the morning and pick up throughout the day?	The sun generates heat and moisture in the atmosphere. Heat changes air pressure and energy. Changes in air pressure can generate wind. One of the reasons it’s often coolest just after sunrise as the air above you gets sun and warmth first, starts to rise, and the cool air come in under it to replace it .
How is sound recorded in the grooves of a vinyl record?	Sound is vibrations in air Vibrations are picked up by a diaphragm which causes needle to move up and down in the same way to produce the sound frequency wave. Two channels are cut out each side at 45 degrees to each other to produce a stereo recordingThe changes in the grooves are analogous to the changes in air pressure they represent. Just like the iron filings on cellophane tape, the changes in the magnetic field around it are analogous to the changes in air pressure. That's why it's called "analog" storage media. Pressure changes move a microphone which induce a changing voltage/current analogous to the change, that is then converted into a magnetic field that is stored in tape, which is then used to drive a needle that engraves the same changes as grooves in the master negative that is used to press the vinyl copies. It's all just changes of energy into different analogs.It's pretty much copying the almost exact pattern the sound waves made. They recorded the track with a special purpose record cutter on a special recording surface to make a master copy. Sound is just vibrations in the air hitting your eardrums. To replicate a sound all you have to do is make the air vibrate in the same pattern. Making that little groove actually sound like the real thing was just a case of amplifying it just right. The groove in the record is in essence a physical representation of that sounds waveform. The sound essentially vibrates a needle and it engraves the results in to the disc or cylinder make a membrane that pulses in that exact waveform an you vibrate the air in the exact same way. Modern recording on digital media follows a similar principle only there's no needle. Rather than a spinning disc or cylinder moving a stylus that vibrates a membrane, it's electromagnetic pulses being dictated by 1's and 0's moving the membrane.
How can different instruments play the same note but sound so different?	short answer: [Timbre] Musical notes from instruments are not pure sinusoidal waves. The differences in wave shapes produces different sound "Quality" or timbre even if the wavelength is the same.
Why don't babies get morning breath?	1) they don't have teeth yet/don't eat solid foods yet 2) their mouths stay moist most of the time thanks to their natural nose-breathing/drooling 3) every night a magical fairy comes in & fills their mouth w/ Gypsophila, sort of like how your parents leave an air freshener in their car
How is Foxconn able to to operate as it does?	Foxconn factories exist in an entity called a Special Economic Zone where special rules are in place that encourage the production of export goods and foreign investment. Less restrictions means lower costs which makes it very attractive to foreign companies who want to lower costs. Will such a thing exist in the US? Probably not, because the people are unwilling to work for the wages and the conditions the Chinese are. Is it possible? Of course, but we'd be taking a huge step back from the advances in labor laws and workers rights that we've made. There would probably have to be a ban on labor unions first. Do not forget that China had its economic growth stunted for most of the last century, so they are doing what they can to play catch up right now. Think of it like a game of SimCity. You first build your city with industrial zones that have high pollution and high density. Once you get your economy going and everything set up nicely, you switch over to high tech industry that pollutes less and are regulated more tightly.
How can we produce (supposedly) exact figures of the amount of animals remaining of an endangered species?	You mean like, there are x amount of white rhinos left? We pay people to go count them
How do natural harmonics on a guitar work?	The sound you hear when a string vibrates is composed of many different frequencies. When you play a harmonic you are isolating one overtone from that range of frequencies. If you divide the length of a string half that is the 12th fret, that harmonic is one octave above the open string. If you divide a string into fourths, you get a note 2 octaves higher than the open string which can be played on the 5th, and 24th frets. Not all harmonic nodes are exactly above frets due to the increasing subdivisions of the string. Not all are easy to voice and as you subdivide the string more the pitch of the note increases which can be beyond a layers hearing range. I can clarify if I didn't explain well enough. Edit: This chart shows the divisions and corresponding notes nicely _URL_0_
Why is there a little symbol for a link to CandyBox 2 on the bottom left of /r/adviceanimals?	The short of it is because there is a line of HTML in the page source: < h5 > < a href="_URL_2_; The < h5 > tag is being formatted by the css file [muRL57ENy-52RGha.css]: position:fixed;bottom:20px;left:20px;z-index:1000;margin:0;padding:0;text-indent:-99999px;display:block;background:url;width:16px;height:16px which is causing it to show you [this] file as the link. I'm guessing that each subreddit has mods who are allowed to change CSS rules and modify the header and footer, and that one of them chose to place this ad for personal benefit. With over 3 million subscribers and 14,000 people on the sub at any given time, they might make some money.
How does the Obama administration justify removing the tax credit from the college 529 savings plan?	> I realize many middle to low income families don't know about this and therefore don't take advantage of it That was pretty much the basis of the argument. 529's are overwhelmingly used by wealthy families, so they labeled it as a tax break for the rich.
what stops people from "counterfeiting" digital currencies?	That is the genius of the invention of blockchain currencies. Satoshi Nakamoto developed a "mining"/"proof of work" system that solves the "double spending" problem. When a miner solves a puzzle , that miner chooses the transactions that go into a "block" of transactions. This is "settlement". If a transaction attempts to spend Bitcoin that doesnt exist that transaction is invalid. A miner that "solved" the puzzle the past 10 minutes spent ENORMOUS amounts of energy doing so. This miner can double spend, but when he/she is caught, all the energy he or she used will be wasted since all the other miners will not allow this miner back on the network and the block reward would be taken back once the rest of the world builds off the previous block. So basically, if a person wanted to cheat, they just threw away approx. $21000 in reward and his/her equipment suddenly became useless since he just got banned from the network. Worth it? Nope. And that is why it is impossible to counterfeit a Bitcoin. Alt currencies are "more" possible to counterfeit since 51% miner attacks are actually doable on weak coins.
How do machines that accept cash payment determine that a five dollar bill is a five dollar bill, etc?	Optical scanning. An optical scanner looks at the denomination Portrait, and other parts of the bill to reduce fraud. Optical scanning is a follow-on from magnetic scanning developed and commercialized by Stanford Research Institute for bank check clearing automation. Look at the font at the bottom of a bank check . It was originally developed to be printed with a high iron content and read by magnetic arrays . As computer processing and digital imaging progressed, better optical recognition was developed. Some currency scanners also read the metal strips put into US currency starting in the 1990's.Take a looksie: Teardown of an actual note acceptor from a typical vending machine: _URL_0_US currency has magnetic ink and florescent properties that are used to distinguish between the bills. Source: _URL_1_
Counter steering on a motorcycle	Here's how I think about it.. Because the bike is moving quickly and heavier than you, you can't exactly muscle the bike into a lean like a bicycle . so you initially kick the bottom out from under you in the opposite direction to generate the lean you need for the turn. after the lean is generated the bars revert to the expected direction.. tl/dr: you don't fall into a turn, the bike moves out from under you
In ancient and medieval times, did people really just kill disabled people?	In some cultures, yes. The disabled can in some cases be an enormous drain on time and resources, to the point of making life much more difficult for others. In a society where resources are extremely limited, the tough choice might be made. In most modern cultures, this is no longer a choice that has to be made.
Why wouldn't gravity cancel entropy?	If u/taggedjc explained your question correctly, I firstly I want to clear up your misconception of entropy. Firstly, entropy does NOT mean "everything gets cold and freezes to a halt". The heat death of the universe is when the universe reaches thermodynamic equilibrium where no thermodynamic free energy exists and therefore no processes that consume energy can take place. It does NOT imply any particular absolute temperature; it only requires that temperature differences or other processes may no longer be used to perform work. Here's the catch though, the expansion of the universe increases its maximum possible entropy faster than its actual entropy, which in turn means that the universe will never reach perfect thermal equilibrium . Between this fact, and the idea of a quantum vacuum filled with virtual particles and how that relates to large-scale energy/entropy concepts, makes the mathematical analysis of thermodynamics on a scale such as the Universe itself very difficult to model mathematically, but nothing will ever actually "freeze to a halt". Secondly, Absolute zero corresponds to the theoretical state in which particles have no energy at all Absolute zero is the point where where all molecules have no kinetic energy. I think you are mixing up total energy with kinetic energy, and ignoring rest energy. An object would still have mass at any low temperature, and an object with mass obeys the laws of motion. That means an object at 5K will move just the same as one at 300K. In other words, an arbitrary cold planet won't stop orbiting a star just because it's extremely cold . Bonus trivia: Gravity is already being overridden by the expansion of the universe, accelerated by dark matter. In the far-future, there may not even be any large-scale structures of matter to meaningfully attract each other, so there's no reason to think the effects of dark energy will stop and somehow gravity will begin to override those forces to contract matter againAt the time of heat death , there is nothing that could move together any more.
If electric fields produce magnetic fields, and our brain/nervous system operates electrically, how do we not have electromagnetic interference disrupting our entire body's operation?	1. The brain/nervous system operates mostly chemically, with electricity being used as a bridge between chemical reaction sites. So it's much less susceptible to this interference than a purely electrical device.2. The amount of interference absorbed is low -- notice that your computer and phone, which are electrical, are not being disrupted either.
How does sunlight fade colors?	Sunlight is a form of radiation. This radiation can excite atoms and break bonds in the molecules which cause colors, effectively fading colorsThe main thing in sunlight that fades things is the ultraviolet radiation. Most people have heard of this term before. Many things with color have something in it called a chromophore. This molecule is formed together with bonds, these bonds give off an energy that is absorbed and give off a color.t is all about the chemical makeup of an object. The technical term for color fading is photodegradation. As the guy below me said the ultra violet radiation is powerful enough to break bonds in the chromophores. The breaking causes alterations in colors. Many things that do not fade are able to reflect UV rays, these things are normally polarized Sorry just wanted to post an indepth answer xD
Why do people oppose the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)?	> Now, I haven't read the actual agreement , and I assume most people haven't either. Nobody has. Because the talks are held in secrecy - which most people think might indicate some funny business going on. Hell, even members of the European Parliament don't have access to recent papers - an Austrian politician talked about this recently the most recent paper he was allowed to read was about 3 months old at the time. So even if this was an agreement where the public would only benefit, measures like that raise questions and the stuff that does leak through sounds pretty good for big companies, but rather bad for small firms, average citizens and sometimes even countries as a whole.
How is the eye of someone who has 20/20 vision and someone who has, say, 20/15 vision different from one another?	Well 20/20 means that you see at 20 feet what a normal person sees at twenty feet. 20/15 means you see at 20 feet what a normal person can see at 15 feet, so you have better than average vision with 20/15. I don't exactly know why this is but just laying a base for understanding.
Why do websites exist that take you from one sketchy set of links and data to another and another and another? Who is this benefitting?	Your attention has commercial value. Every clickbait webpage you visit has some ads on it, and the publisher scores a fraction of a cent income from your visit paid by the advertiser, on the assumption that you notice these ads and there's a fractional chance you might buy the goods or services in question. To increase that income, the publisher might put 100s of ads on a page, but it turns out the advertisers don't believe that a reader would diligently read pages of just ads, so the next best strategy is to try and persuade you to go from page to page, each with a few ads on it As Andrew Lewis said _\'If you are not paying for it, you're not the customer; you're the product being sold\'_ - your eyeballs are the product, the publisher of the "You won't believe what happened next..!" click bait pages is the seller, and the advertising agency is the customer.
how does currency/money work? If we donate 100 million to a country, it's not like we send a crate of money over	Money is just a representation of value. Bartering, trading stuff directly is inconvenient. So we invented money as a "value holder", for example instead of trading my goat for your 100 apples. But I don't want 100 apples at once as they will spoil before I can eat them all. I instead get 100 apple tokens as a promise that I can get the apples later. And the more people that agrees that the tokens are valuable the more useful the currency is. So if we understand that money is just a promise of value, it makes it easier to understand how a bank doesn't actually need to hold your physical money in a vault. You trust the bank to keep track on how much money you have, so your bank account is just a number in a computerOddly enough, sometimes we literally do send a crate overNumbers in accounting books change to reflect movement of money.
How do the different baseball pitches work?	Baseball pitch movement is often based on something called the "Magnus Effect." Essentially, when a ball is thrown with a certain spin, one side of the ball is spinning in the same direction as the ball's movement and the other side is moving in the opposite direction. As a result, opposite sides of the ball are affected by different forces and the ball curves in a specific direction. Another factor to consider is that baseballs have laces. If a pitch is thrown such that the laces are predominately out on one side of the ball, more resistance will be on that side of the ball, and the ball will curve accordingly. All pitches generally work under these basic principles. The exact amount of movement is based upon which grip the pitcher uses and how it is positioned and moving as it moves toward the catcherFor the majority of pitches with movement, it is mainly based on how the ball is spinning. Since baseballs have laces which can catch and pull the air with them, the spin causes air pressure on one side of the ball to be higher and the air pressure to be lower on the other side, pushing the ball towards the region of lower pressure. It actually uses a lot of the same concepts as airplanes use to fly.
Why is French the preferred language for body care products.	I don't have anything to back this up but for the North American audience stuff in French sounds more sophisticated and refined as shown by the use of French to refer to more refined versions of stuff like eateries are called restaurants, underwear is called lingerie, perfume, cologne, rotisserie and so forth
Why is it that double decker buses have only been used in North American for the past decade while they've been used in Europe for more than a century?	lots of low bridges and efficiency are the main reason. A bendy bus can load and unload at twice the speed. Also less handicap accessible. The ones being use in the US are in very few cities or just for fun. I know the one that started up in Las Vegas, is more for fun than anything elseBecause there was no need - indeed there still is no need. In many parts of Europe the need to increase carrying capacity could not be met by making longer or wider buses since the old roads were too narrow or bends to tight. The only way to increase the capacity was to build upwards - hence the double decker.In the US, roads were planned for larger vehicles from the start so there have always been easier options than the double-decker.
How does it feel to have an Orgasm?	you know the jack-in-the-box from when you were a kid? and as you turn the handle slowly the music pings through note after note. Each one slowly leading into the next .the anticipation of knowing that the next note could be the one where it pops? That feeling of suspense, chills, eager anticip--------ation? That is as close as i can get to describing it in a sensory similar experience wayMy best friend who lost his virginity at a very early aged described it to us as "There's a party in my cock!!" I 've basically accepted that description for the last 9 years.It's like that feeling the very instant before you sneeze, but radiating from other places and lasting longer ", 'Male here. Best I can describe it is like an epic battle between butterflies and dragons that ends abruptly, generally followed by a sense of regret and shame
Why does harmony, especially harmony by multiple human voices, sound so pleasurable to our ears?	Harmonies are created when multiple notes are played together and blend to make a sound. Certain notes blend better together due to differences in frequencies. There is a mathematical method to finding those notes. Notes that blend well together create they create a sound that is unified or consonant, while notes that don't blend well create a sound that is "off" or dissonant. Consonant sounds trigger more activity in sensory neurons which ultimately lead to more pleasurable feelings.
How come uninstalling is faster than installing softwares/video games?	The answer is pretty simple: When you install, you have to write all of the files in their entirety and decompress them from how they're stored in the installer, then make records of all the files and potentially entries in common places to tell the operating system how to reference specific files. When you uninstall, you delete the files from disk, which doesn't actually remove any data from the drive, simply the file system pointer to that file - a VERY quick process. The most complicated uninstalls require reversing specific common entries that can take a little while, but many modern companies simply ignore that and leave orphaned entries in system registries or libraries.
How do you develop the ability to perform a backflip? How do you practice?	Trial and error is the way, but they usually practice this with a 2nd person catching them if they go head-down to the ground or they give them an extra push to make the whole flip. Another option which is sometimes used at sports clubs is a chassis. It looks like climbing gear and swing combined. The ropes are elastic so they help with the lift, and its attached to the chassis in a way that it can just freely rotate on a x axis without becomming entangled. Or you could go full yoloYou practice in a safe environment, Preferably a foam pit. _URL_2_ A bounce house _URL_0_ A large trampoline with safety nets. _URL_1_
How do you "clean up" a harbor?	First you stop pumping fresh shit into it. Second you remove all the built up shit off the bottom and sides. Then you wait for the tides to exchange the water. Redo the side cleaning process as necessary until the harbor water is now as clean as the overall ocean.
Why is gas so expensive?	The price is set largely by OPEC , they say how much they want to charge per barrel of oil and it becomes the price. They could produce more and drive the price down but all the big oil producing countries agree to only produce so much to keep the price up. Neither Canada nor the USA are members of OPEC, but because there is so much demand for oil the price fixing really stays in effect. Also because it's expensive to extract oil from shale which is where most oil is extracted from in the USA it doesn't really drive the price down. Once the oil is out of the ground it's sent to a refinery where it's turned into gasoline and other chemicals. All of the refineries in the USA operate at 100% capacity all the time. Any time one refinery has to do maintenance on part of the production line the supply of gasoline drops and with simple supply vs demand economics the cost goes up. The USA govt won't allow any new refineries to be built, due to environmental regulations, so we're all subject to this pain.
What is exactly is a "gut feeling"?	It's pretty much intuition. Many people feel this in their gut. You aren't sure why, but you "feel" like you know the answer. I usually feel a tingle behind my right eye, but sometimes feel a sensation in my abdomen. I'm speculating that this feeling has to do with release of adrenaline into the blood system. Adrenaline is produced in the kidneys, which may explain the feeling. Intuition paired with a want for action, perhaps can explain this feeling.It's when your subconsciousness has already analyzed the situation, compared it to your past experiences and knowledge of the subject, and used that information to come up with a prediction of the future. It then sends this prediction to your consciousness but doesn't say how it came up with that. The result is you having a gut feeling.
Why does most of the land mass lie north of the equator?	"Land mass" is a bit of a misleading concept when discussing planetary geology, and particularly in regards to the formation of a planet's surface, as what you are really referring to is merely the exposed planetary surface not submerged under water. It has a lot of significance for us, but in that realm of science is not much of a consideration. Continents are the landmass portion of continental plates which comprise both the land mass and the submerged portion and are often moving in various ways in relation to each other. What actually causes land to be elevated enough to be above water, or significantly landlocked enough to prevent water from filling it is a combination of plate tectonic shifts, bolide impacts , erosion, and other environmental factors . In regards to why there is more land mass north of the equator than south, it is predominantly coincidental and is mostly relevant to what direction the plate tectonics are moving that caused the landmass to move and to even be in it's current shape.
Why is the term "socialist" a dirty word in American politics?	In most Americans' eyes, socialism is irreversibly tied to communism, which is synonymous with the Soviet Union, the US' geopolitical rival for most of the latter half of the 20th century. The USSR was communist, and also socialist, so both have always had a bad connotation. Most people don't understand that you can be socialist and not communist. Just like democracy doesn't have to mean capitalism.Because as of now, our economy is based on capitalism. Socialism is a completely different economic system. Many people believe that what makes America unique, and gives so much opportunity to all of its citizens is the fact that we have capitalism. So, when the idea of socialism comes up, of course people who believe thoroughly in capitalism will be off put and upset.
why popular american fast food and snack brands are found nearly all over the world but we never see any popular foreign fast food and snack brands here?	You may not be aware that some snack brands are foreign because you grew up with them. For instance, Nestle' is a Swiss company that licenses the Kit Kat bar, invented in England, to the Hershey company. Probably the largest foreign fast food place in the U.S. is Tim Horton's which is a Canadian doughnut restaurant with 800 stores in the U.S.
how to game advertisements that use false gameplay mechanics (ex: mobiles games) in commercials get away with it	There will be a small disclaimer that says "not actual gameplay" or a simiiliar phrase . Even if there wasn't it would almost certainly be understood by an average person that this was a promo and probably not representative of actual gameplay. But they'll put the disclaimer in anyways.
why is antibiotics prescribed for flu?	Antibiotics are not prescribed for influenza. It's possible that this is a case of a bacterial infection that a patient mistakenly called "the flu", when it wasn't actually the flu. It's also possible that the doctor prescribed antibiotics because the patient demanded it, and they didn't want to lose a patientAntibiotics are all to often prescribed because the patient expects them to be and the doctor wants to keep that patient.
why aren't police officers in the UK allowed to carry guns?	In the US, regular beat officers are allowed to carry handguns, but not sniper rifles and submachine guns; those are reserved for SWAT teams. In the UK, regular beat officers are allowed to carry batons and pepper spray, but not guns; those are reserved for special gun-carrying teams. In both countries, it's possible for a situation to come up which regular beat officers aren't equipped to deal with. This is seen as a fair tradeoff, as most people would greatly prefer a society where police do not regularly carry automatic weapons. The only difference is where the cutoff is; sine the UK has fewer guns, its people are more comfortable not giving regular officers any guns.
How 5 hour energy actually makes you stay awake	Most notably caffeine. It's fine if you do it infrequently but if you make a habit out of it it'll no longer help wake you up, it'll just get you to normal. Your body learns to adjust to what it consumes so it'll wind itself down if it's expecting caffeine. If it's just something you do every now and then that doesn't happen. Even if you do get a caffeine addiction going it's not that detrimental to your health, it just means you'll probably have headaches and feel groggy until you get your fix. Plenty of people out there are 'abusing' coffee daily to prevent the negative side-effects of not nurturing the addiction but it's a pretty minor health concern.
If I eat a lot before going to sleep, why do I wake up hungry?	I am on board with you mate. I experience the same thing. You would think that since you ate more recently that you should be less hungry than if you went to bed on an empty stomach. *I would add as a followup question: Why am I NOT hungry when I wake up if I go to bed hungry?', "What do you eat? If it's foods high in sugars or carbs, it's probably because your blood sugar is spiking when you're waking up, which makes you think you are hungry even though there may be food in your stomach.
How does a Tornado Intercept Vehicle avoid being sucked up into the air?	Some of them have pneumatically-operated spikes that they drive into the pavement when contact with a tornado is imminentOne major factor is avoiding getting any significant wind under them in the first place. Lowering shielding very close or even onto the ground will deflect the air up and over the vehicle rather than lifting it.
Why does an automobile depreciate in value the minute you drive off the lot?	Let's say a brand new Ford Focus costs $16,000. Would you be willing to pay $16,000 for a Focus that someone bought, drove around for a little bit, and then returned for some reason. The average consumer is always going to choose the new car over the slightly used car, so dealerships are going to have to offer the slightly used one at a solid discount to get rid of it. Because of this, no one is going to pay full price for a slightly used car, so as soon as your car is slightly used, its value drops.
How your voice sounds different to yourself when you talk versus when you hear your voice in a recording.	So, when you talk, you hear the sound waves traveling through your skull and into your ears. Other people, or recordings, just hear the sound waves that travel through the air. As such, you hear your voice differently because you're hearing it filtered through your skull.
Why is radiation so damaging as it is?	You are a very complex controlled chemical reaction. Ionization causes different reactions and products than are supposed to be inside you.Radiation causes ionization, which in turn physically damages cell structures. Most cells, when damaged, kill themselves - ona alarge scale, obviously, that's bad for the person. If it damages DNA, it can lead to cancer. Microwaves are not terribly dangerous in small amount. In a microwave over, they are intense enough that they cause some atoms to vibrate rapidly, which causes heating. But diffused microwaves are less dangerous and are used a lot for long distance communication.
What happens to the foreign objects in our eyes when we rub them until the discomfort is gone?	\'Twas oft asked here. Ye may enjoy these: 1. [ELI5: What happens to stuff that gets in your eye and disappears behind your eyeball? ]1. [ELI5: What happens when something goes into my eye and I'm unable to find/pull it out? ]1. [ELI5: What happens to eye lashes and where do they go when you don't get them out of your eye? ]1. [ELI5: What happens to stuff that gets "lost" in your eyes? Do things ever get trapped behind them? ]', "it falls out almost immediately. Then you rub your eyes and irritate them so it feels like there's something still in there and you keep rubbing. eventually you have temporarily exhausted the nerves ability to correctly signal pain and are no longer in discomfort. by the time they are fully functional again, the irritation has subsided. If it was in your eye during the rubbing, youd scratch your eyes and probably go blind.
Given the emphasis placed on the separation of the three pillars of the American government, how can the president grant pardons? Is this not the executive messing with the judiciary?	It's built on checks and balances, not separation. Each branch can limit the other branches so no one branch is all powerful. Congress passes laws. The President can veto but Congress can override. The Supreme Court can overturn laws passed by Congress. See how everyone can check the other branches? Pardons are one of the checks the Executive branch has over the courts. A perfectly legal law passed by Congress and upheld by the Court can still be nullified in some cases by the President.If all that was said was "Congress makes laws; President enforces laws; Judges interpret laws," then maybe. But the President has the explicit power in the Constitution to pardon people. You might think that invades the province of the judiciary, but it's granted authority so no one has a real issue with it.I thought the emphasis wasn't on separation but rather checks and balances so that each branch will help ensure the other ones do their job
How is it possible for a person who was born deaf to understand spoken language the moment their cochlear implants are turned on?	The video you linked is somewhat misleading. The woman is "deaf", not deaf. By which I mean that she was severely hearing impaired to the point that she is classified as deaf, but could hear with hearing aids. In other words, she was never completely unable to hear. Thus she could understand English because she had heard English before, albeit less clearly than with the implantAudiologist here - bottom line is, the results in that video are completely based in lipreading, although from the first moment of stimulation your lipreading skills can improve just from getting loudness information, so that you can instantly distinguish, for example, an "h" sound from a vowel, which can look identical by lipreading alone. At this point in time, if her eyes were closed, she would be able to detect sound, but that's it. From there to speech understanding without lipreading is a very long journey for people who grew up deaf; first they need to learn to discriminate really basic differences, like loud vs. soft, high pitch vs. low pitch, and long duration vs. short duration. After that, they can start learning to discriminate different speech sounds , then identifying them by multiple choice, then identifying them without multiple choice, then learning to discriminate one word from another, then identifying words by multiple choice, etc. It's a lengthy, difficult process. A good way to think about it is in terms of "hearing age." If you get a CI at age 25, but you were deaf since birth, your "hearing age" is now 0. Therefore, three years from the initial stimulation, you might expect that 28 year old person to have the hearing and verbal language skills of a 3 year old.
What is happening when our nipples get hard?	Body parts which can be become erect - nipples, penis, etc can do so because they contain erectile tissue, which is like a sponge. There are arteries which carry blood from the heart to the body, and veins which carry blood from the body to the heart. When at rest, the arteries carry the same amount of blood to the tissue as the veins take away. However, when stimulated the arteries dilate and carry in more blood than can be carried away, so the tissue fills with blood and becomes "hard" from the pressure. The nipples never become as hard as a penis, so with time the blood vessels simply return to normal. With a penis, the orgasm causes release of hormones that return the blood vessels to normal and "soften" it immediatelyAn erect nipple is easier for a baby to latch on to.
Why is it that macro photos tend to only have a small portion of the entire photo in focus?	Not limited to macro photography, but it is due the aperture of the objective, which basically means the "hole" the sensor sees through. The larger the hole is, the smaller the focused range is. The smaller the hole, the larger the focused range isAs you get into the macro end of focusing, depth of field for any given aperture becomes very shallow, because optics. So even by stopping down the lens all the way, you might not be able to get more than a few mm of depth of field. At micro ranges, not even that. However, some close-up photographers use image stacking to overcome that. What you do is take many shots of the subject with the lens at a different focus point, then stack the images with software. I built myself an image-stacking microscope: _URL_0_
Where are we with gene replacement and what are the challenges that need to be overcome for it to work in humans?	I 'd say that 10 years is too soon, but I'm not going to speculate on whether it's 20 or 50. We have some techniques, like a relatively new one called CRISPR, which allow us to edit DNA more easily than before. In cases where we know that a single gene is the problem, we can use this technology to fix that gene, but right now, we can only do it reliably in single cells at a time. That means that, if you know you're a carrier for something and you don't want your kids to have it, you may soon be able to use this technology to save your kids - but it's too late for you. One big problem is that CRISPR has "off-target effects," meaning that it can cause changes we don't intend to make. We need to solve that problem before we can use this technology in humans. There is other technology that is already being tested in humans to cure conditions that only affect a few specific tissues. For instance, if you have a genetic condition that affects the way your eyes work, we are testing local treatments that would replace that gene in your retinas, hopefully restoring their function. But these are still in the testing stages; we know they can work, but we need to make sure that they work every time, safely. You might see that come to market in 10 or 20 years.
The grammar in "I am become death, the destroyer of worlds"	It's a valid, but archaic form of the [present perfect] tense, which is used to refer to a past event that has present consequences. The archaic tone is fitting for a translation of the [Bhagavad Gita], an ancient text. It's similar to how many people prefer the King James Bible over more accurate modern translations — we want our revered texts to sound different from everyday speech.It probably is just closer to the literal translation. I believe "I am now Death " would be a better translationYahoo answers of all places has told me "I am become death" includes an intransitive, unaccusative verb; Unaccusative implies the subject - in this case "I" - is not the agent of the verb "become". Intransitive means the verb in this sentence does not have or require a direct object. Finally "death" in this sentence is a resultative adjunct, not an object or subject. In archaic English, as in certain other languages , it is still common practice to express a present perfect sentence like this with the use of the auxiliary verb "to be". However, this is no longer in common use in modern English. The French root quoted above might be true as it translates perfectly into French: Je suis devenu la mort . Using an archaic way of speaking helps to emphasize the meaning. "am become" is not an error but a archaism, as in "I am become a name, for always roaming with a hungry heart" .
How Does Instant Messaging Work? & Online Videogames?	There is a delay, this is called ping. With broadband internet connections it is not uncommon to have pings around 10-50 ms. That's milliseconds, a nearly imperceptible amount of time, so it is effectively live from your perspective. Electricity travels at nearly the speed of light and computers work very fast.
Why was Miami considered so cool in the 80's, and what happened to cause it to lose that status?	There was an insane amount of money flooding Miami due to cocaine. Many drug busts later and it is what it is today. Check out the movie Cocaine Cowboys.
why are men required to register for the draft if it's mandatory and the government already has all of our information?	Modern draft laws have their origins in World War I, back when the government didn't have everyone's information. It was entirely possible to be born on some farm, go to a rural school that didn't keep records, and grow up to be an 18 year old man the gov't had no idea existed.
Why does my vision become slightly blurred after laying on my back while viewing a computer placed on my stomach?	I'm no expert on this but having to, what I'm assuming you're doing, tilt your head on an angle to see the screen, means the blood isnt properly circulating to your head
Why don't we use microwave waves for water heaters instead of natural gas?	The speed at which a microwave works depends on the mass of the materials. That's actually a FAQ here . I timed this and discovered for my own stove and microwave, the break even point is just about one cup. The microwave is faster for less than a cup, the stove top is faster for more than a cup. For the amount of water in a water heater, you 'd need a huge microwave. You 'd also have to solve the problem of letting water flow through it without having the microwaves leak out. Finally, there are places where gas is much cheaper than electricity.Using electricity to heat water can be a very efficient process. But to get electricity, you typically need to burn something-- maybe it's actually natural gas-- use the heat to run a generator, make electricity, and then send it to your home. There is so much power lost between the burning of the fuel and your home that electricity is very inefficient to get in the first place-- even though there may be interesting and efficient uses for it. On the contrary, if you burn natural gas inside of your water heater you get most of the heat delivered right into your water with fewer steps in between, and less loss.
Why do birds not get electrocuted when resting on a power line?	Electricity will take the path of least resistance. The electricity could go through the wire, or from the wire to the bird and back to the wire. People get electrocuted because they are touching the ground. The ground is low voltage and large, thus a very good receptacle for electricity. Even though a human is high resistance the ground is a very appealing place for the electricity to flow to. The bird leads nowhere except back to the same wire.
What are the "voices" Schizophrenic people can hear ?	Not all schizophrenics hear actual voices. More commonly, they simply have aberrant thoughts that seem like they are originating from someone else. This is probably why "mind control rays" and the like are such common delusions for schizophrenics. After all, if you are sane but start having thoughts that you would never have, then someone else must be putting those thoughts into your head, right? In the most extreme cases, these aren't just oddball thoughts. They actually hear a voice as if someone is speaking to them. Most of the time, the voices aren't saying anything all that extreme. Interestingly, some otherwise sane people report very occasionally hearing voices.When a normal person has an internal monologue their brain says ok I'm talking to myself and the thoughts flow. Supposedly in schizophrenics the part of their brain that tells them it is their own thoughts never fires off or fires off after their thoughts have started flowing. This was a theory I heard a couple of years ago and could be completely wrong.Have you ever sat at breakfast with an SO, both on your phones. You look up after she asked you a question, and say "whatd you say?" She answers "i didnt say anything" You didnt hear anything, you dont remember it, but you coulda sworn you heard something " but now all the time
Why does Frozen Fish have a reputation of resulting in higher quality than with other Frozen Food?	First of all. Fish is a VERY perishable product, their flesh tends to rott a lot faster then meat from ground animals and also cooks at a much lower temperature, Some shellfish such a shrimp can actually "cook" in room temperature if its summertime. In the last few years all major industrial fishing vessels have industrial freezers onboard, so the fish is directly frozen on board, meaning that the fish is fronzen very shortly after its caught. Another thing we have to discuss is ice crystals, Water due to its chemical composition is one of few compounds that actually expand when going to a more stable form, usualy when going from gas to liquid to solid each state takes up less space, except for water due to its molecular bonds meaning that ice expands at first. But the faster you get over that grow bump the better quality the ice and the smaller cristals you get, so if you flash freeze something quickly the smaller ice crystals wont destroy the flesh and texture of the fish. When you freeze something at home, your home freezer i usualy between -5 and -10 degrees, which means all the ice you produce has large rugged ice crystals in it that make you associate something frozen with something thats absolutly trashed, tasteless and severly damaged from ice crystal damage. Now the other issue is that paracites in Seafood are very common. especialy this little wurm called [Anisakis], This paracite is very common in commercial fish and is usualy ingested in larve form and it becomes a wurm in your stomach and intestines, the only way to kill it without rendering the flesh of the fish toxic or destroy it by cooking is to flash freeze the fish to kill the larve. Freezing like cooking or drying is a tool, and it depends on how you use it, bad freezing leads to large ice cristals, damaged texture and horrible quality, good freezing perserves the quality of a meat and will allow you to safely enjoy it for a lot longer.
How does washing my hands protect me from viruses?	You got it when you guessed it is removing them from the surface of your skin. In great part this is to help others as well since you have perhaps coughed into your hand or rubbed your nose/face and picked some up. The mechanical action of washing your hands causes many of these to be sloughed off and sent down the drain. Soap helps with the mechanical action of lifting cells from your skin but along time under running water is also effective - with robust hand rubbing - between fingers - etc. Hot water will help liberate cells better as well as it makes the oils on your skin loosen up and wash off and take with them dirt/cells.
Why I see twice when I push my eye (from the bottom upwards)?	Because when you push on your eye from the bottom like that, you are actually making that eye point upward, while your other eye is still looking forward. If your eyes are pointing in two different directions on the up/down axis, you can't put the two images from each eye together into one picture, so you see two pictures on top of each other. The same effect occurs on the left/right axis when you cross your eyes.That is because you are disturbing the relative position of your eyes. Under normal conditions, your brain corrects the multiple images. However, because of the disturbance it is perceived a multiple images. It is almost similar to moving a lens in a telescope.Your eyes both send separate images to your brain which then combines them into one. However, when your eyes aren't aligned properly, your brain can't combine them properly, so you end up seeing both images.
can someone please explain the NCAA div 1 football league?	Division 1 is actually about 300 schools split in 2, the FBS and the FCS. The FBS is a little over 100 schools and is considered the top division. The 100+ schools are grouped into conferences, each without about 8-14 schools . There are a few "power conferences" that are considered the best of the best. These include the SEC, PAC-12, Big 12, Big 10, ACC. Each conference has their own scheduling rules, but generally, a school wil play 8 or 9 conference games against other members of the same conference, and either 4 or 3 non-conference games, so that their total games played is 12. The independents determine their own schedule by making deals to be one of a conference team's non-conference games. This year they implemented the playoff system, which will be a tournament between the top 4 fours teams at the end of season, as determined by a committee. Everyone else will play in traditional bowl games, as long as they have at least 6 wins.
Google Translate's forming its own language	An article about it from Google: _URL_0_Little bit about training neural networks: _URL_1_ An artificial neural network was trained for different language pairs. To much surprise, they found the same neurons activate for phrases with the same meaning for different language pairs. It's thought that this means the network encodes something common to all languages . That is, instead of translating cow to vaca , it's translating cow to some internal phrase to vaca. The same internal phrase should activate when translating vaca to lehmä . Interestingly, this wasn't intended. Training artificial neural networks is somewhat of an automatic process. The training process happened to create the internal language on its own. The internal language isn't a language in a normal sense, being able to be spoken or written. Rather, it's set of clusters of neurons where each cluster has a unique meaning.
Why does a wet trampoline feel like it makes you jump higher? Does it actually do that?	I recon it doesn't the only think I can think of is if it is cold water, the trampoline fabric/springs might get tighter as the materials contract.that sounds like a euphemism from a galaxy far awayI always thought that the water acted as a lubricant, enabling the fabric to move more freely. Therefore, letting you jump higher.
Why don't Mac's get viruses?	They do, its just that there are a lot more Windows PCs out there. The entire purpose of a Virus on a computer is to cause as much trouble as you can before anti-virus updates and eliminates it. Ergo, if you want to cause as much trouble as you can, you write it for windows, not OSX or Linux. There are plenty of examples of viruses and malware written for OSX in the past though.It's a blend of many causes: 1) Mac OS X is based on UNIX. This operating system has run the majority of Internet server for decades and still does, so its security model is quite solid and well tested. 2) Apple stills has a low market share compared to Microsoft, and virus writers want to focus on the most widespread operating system. 3) Some Mac viruses exist out there, but they haven't posed a real threat to users, yet.
There seems to be a ton of contradictory information on what causes diabetes... how much of a role does excess sugar consumption play in getting it?	I am not a doctor. Diabetes is caused mostly by the pancreas, which is the organ in your body that produces insulin, which is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. There are two types of diabetes. Type I is caused when the pancreas is damaged and can't produce insulin. Type II is caused when your body grows resistant to insulin. Excess sugar consumption can easily lead to both type II diabetes and obesity. They're linked in that way; obesity tends to come with excess sugar consumption and an overall lack of healthiness, which is linked to type II diabetes--and excess sugar consumption tends to lead to obesity, do you end up at the same place no matter where you start off.
in the NFL what does it mean when a team picks up a players fifth year option?	Normally players' contracts are for X amount of years. Occasionally, most notably rookie quarterbacks, will have the same X amount of years plus the option for an extra year. So if the player played well for the first couple years the team can pick them up for the extra year to have time for another contract.
Why does bending material such as metal, plastic, i.e. eventually wear it down so much that it snaps off?	Bending stuff actually breaks the inside of the material, but hopefully not enough to break the surface. Some materials like metal and plastic are secretly buzzing and jiggling around on the inside, and might even fix some of those breaks over time, when warm enough. Sadly materials like wood or bread don't jiggle enough to fix anything, and the breaks sometimes get worse over time instead, eventually breaking the surface and 'helping' to snap off. Fun fact: Cheese and Plastic act alot like each other on the inside.
Why is it that almost all black guys I have met IRL and seen on TV always have their heads shaved?	Because it's not the 90's anymore. Also Black hair on men longer then a half inch looks "savage" to many potential employers and clients, so professionally we have to keep it short. I had a luscious footlong Afro until I was looking for an internship this summer and one of my interviewers, a Black dude, suggested that if I really wanted White people to take me seriously, I needed to cut the fro. My dad, the Black parent of my mixed heritage, said the same thing to me growing up, but teenage rebel me didn't listen. Plus a lot of White people associate cornrows, dreads, box braids, etc. with thugs, and Afros are hard as FUCK to maintain. I spent > 3 hours a day on my bush.It's a low maintenance hairstyle that is guaranteed not to be forbidden by any given dress code. It also hides baldness, which is another reason some guys do it.
When checking out a library eBook via OverDrive, why is there a limit as to how many copies the library has when it's a digital format?	I work at a library and do AP for bills like overdrive & similar. Each time the ebook is "checked out" we get charged. What we do is prepay the account for the year for the fees accrued from what's borrowed and also prepay a contract for the content on over drive and another for the use of the database. Basically it's how overdrive, publishers & writers etc make their money. Now it's doesn't cost as much as if you were to buy the regular book, or even an ebook on Amazon or B & N. I guess you can say it's like a renters fee like what you 'd use to pay to rent movies from blockbuster. But it's the library's expense and you the patron get it free.They've got a license that says they have to do it that way, most likely. The publisher still wants people to purchase the book. Limiting the number of copies available to borrow would, to some extent, encourage sales to those people who really don't want to wait and just go buy it.
Why can't Greenland just play their home matches in another country, if the only thing stopping them from joining FIFA is lack of suitable playing surfaces.	Because then their own fans wouldn't easily be able to watch the games. What's the point of having a national team if your own nation has to book a flight just to watch them?
What is "gold plating" when we're talking about rent control?	Most rent control laws have exceptions for when a property is improved, proportionate to the degree of improvement. So if a landlord wants to force lower income, rent controlled tenants out of his property, he can over improve the property with features they don't really want, and make it too expensive for them to stay. Example: You live in a rent controlled apartment for $500/month, where the market value is $1000/month. The law saws if your landlord renovates, your rent goes up in proportion to the increase in value. So instead of turning it into a $1500/month apartment, which would cost you $750/month, he puts a crystal chandelier and a jacuzzi in, and says it is now a $3000/month apartment, which would cost you $1500, more than you can afford. And later, if he can only get $2000/month for it, he is still coming out way ahead.
Why can't we process ocean water so it's drinkable, instead of relying on rivers/lakes for our drinking water?	We can. And in some areas we even do. It is incredibly expensive though. And seeing as that people like their water cheap, it is more advantageous to get it from lakes or underground sources than desalinate ocean water.We can, and we do. One reason we don't do this in California right now because of the drought, is because it's super expensive to do it on that scale.
What happens to things that go in our eyes? Like where do all of the eyelashes go that we blink into oblivion?	They fall out. Your eyes produce more tears to make the process of getting foreign particles out of your eyes easier. They just eventually fall outLarger objects like eyelashes and bugs are usually removed by yourself from scratching your eye or removing it with your fingers. Small objects like dust and make-up are washed from the tear gland in the upper outer corner of your eye to the tear duct system in the lower part of the eye next to the nose, washing it to the nose where it can be “sniffed” and swallowed or blown out.
what is your body trying to accomplish when having food poisoning?	All your body is trying to do is purge itself of whatever it is that's you've eaten that went off. Even once your stomach et al are empty, it's still feeling the effects of that food/drink and the only way it knows how to fix that is to keep trying to get rid of it.
why don't they put nutritional information or ingredients on alcoholic beverages?	Alcohol is regulated by a different federal agency than food and non-alcoholic drink and said agency has not set those regulations in place.Alcoholic beverages are regulated differently than the rest of food - it's regulated by the [Alcoholic Beverages Regulation Administration], rather than the FDA. As such, they are not subject to FDA labeling requirements such as nutrition and calorie content, but are only required by the ABRA to list ABV/Proof and specific warnings.
When i accellerate my car, why do i hear high-pitched noise through the aux input when nothing is plugged in?	Its noise off the generator or alternator. Cords like that aren't shielded like other people have said. Its basically RF interference coming from that because its often not shielded. Its usually not something noticed, and the stereo itself has filtering to block it. But when you plug something unshielded into it you're creating an unfiltered path to the stereo, so you hear it.
How do (usually paid for) fake social media likes, favorites, and followers actually happen?	It's actually generally not controlled by a computer program, but sadly but people in countries with low wages, typically like Indonesia or sometimes the Philippines. Companies hire people and pay them very little to click "like" or "follow" or whatever on thousands of people's page/groups/companies/etc. that have paid for the likes, but as this takes very little time the workers can often follow hundreds or thousands of new links a day. Keep in mind that they will have little or zero engagement in the thing they 've liked, which often hurts people on Facebook more than it actually helps because of how the programming is set upThey have a bunch of fake accounts, controlled by a computer program. If you pay them and tell them your account name, they will use the computer program to make all of the accounts follow and "Like" your post.
How painful would it be to get beheaded? At what point would you feel no more pain? Would you have moments of consciousness after your head was removed?	There's this. Not sure how much credence it should be given but here FWIW: > Read this report from 1905. The report is written by Dr Beaurieux, who under perfect circumstances experimented with the head of Languille, guillotined at 5.30 a.m. on June 28th, 1905: > > Here, then, is what I was able to note immediately after the decapitation: the eyelids and lips of the guillotined man worked in irregularly rhythmic contractions for about five or six seconds I waited for several seconds. The spasmodic movements ceased. > > The face relaxed, the lids half closed on the eyeballs, leaving only the white of the conjunctiva visible, exactly as in the dying whom we have occasion to see every day in the exercise of our profession, or as in those just dead. > > It was then that I called in a strong, sharp voice: 'Languille!' I saw the eyelids slowly lift up, without any spasmodic contractions Next Languille's eyes very definitely fixed themselves on mine and the pupils focused themselves After several seconds, the eyelids closed again, slowly and evenly, and the head took on the same appearance as it had had before I called out. > > It was at that point that I called out again and, once more, without any spasm, slowly, the eyelids lifted and undeniably living eyes fixed themselves on mine with perhaps even more penetration than the first time. Then there was a further closing of the eyelids, but now less complete. I attempted the effect of a third call; there was no further movement and the eyes took on the glazed look which they have in the dead. > > I have just recounted to you with rigorous exactness what I was able to observe. The whole thing had lasted twenty-five to thirty seconds. [SOURCE]
Why does some clothes shrink when it dries when heat is usually for expanding things.	Cotton are woven together while under tension for ease of weaving When washed in warm water, these threads expand, allowing for the tension to temporarily relax. While relaxed the fabric is moved about, causing shifting in the now loose fibers. When the fibers cool they shrink back up and a fill in millions of tiny gaps because of their earlier shifting. Leaving your shirt smaller but under less tension that before the wash.
How is North Korea so well hidden from our view when the US has such high tech satellite imaging?	A couple reasons: 1. You and I don't have access to military satellite images. 2. Satellite images don't tell you anything about living conditions, secret facilities, or politics. It's easy to estimate population numbers, and how big the military is, how many planes and tanks they have, and those numbers are public knowledge. Who controls the power and makes the important policy decisions? We don't have a clue.
How do professionals know if a wound happened before death or post-mortem?	Wounds are classified as post-mortum, peri-mortum, and pre-mortum. Pre-mortum wounds will have clear signs of healing, an indication that the victim was alive and well before being killed. Peri-mortum wounds occur during the death, and may have minor signs of healing but are mostly unhealed. They will have more blood coming from them as the blood pressure pushes blood from the wound. Post-mortum injuries happen after the body is dead. Blood pressure is low, so there is less spatter and loss from the wounds, and there is no healing whatsoever on the wound. There are other signs that coroners look for, of course. In all, it is educated guesswork by the coroner to help patch together a timeline of death. They record every recent wound, up to and including the shaving nick on your face, when investigating the gaping wound in your chest.
why water tastes so cold after chewing gum or brushing your teeth.	[Sugar alcohols]. According to Wikipedia: > The cooling sensation is due to the dissolution of the sugar alcohol being an endothermic reaction, one with a strong heat of solution. ELI5: What this basically means is that when certain chemicals in your gum dissolve into the spit in your mouth, it absorbs heat. When heat is taken away, things feel cold. Menthol is another sugar alcohol that has a cooling effect, but its effects are just illusions. I have some Extra Polar Ice gum and some Dentyne Ice gum in front of me, and neither contain Menthol. They both use Sorbitol, Mannitol, and Glycerol.You're triggering cold-sensing nerves. It's the cooling effect of menthol. The water, ice-cream, ect is still the same temperature, it just SEEMS colder. Edit: If you chewed gum and then rubbed it on your body, you would feel colder.The menthol in both gum and toothpaste happens to stimulate the same nerves as your cold-sensing receptors. This is why those things taste "cold", because your body literally can't tell the difference between coldness from temperature, or coldness from menthol. Therefore, drinking water after gum is the same to your brain as drinking ice water. Conversely, spicy things taste "hot" and eating anything hot after eating something spicy makes it worse for the same reason. Capsaicin, the chemical that makes things "spicy", activates the same pain receptors as heat. Hope this explains everythingLike how chillies makes things taste "hot", menthol in peppermint [makes things taste cold]. What it's actually doing is triggering cold sensitive nerves in a similar way to how capsaicin in chillies triggers heat sensitive nerves.
What is happening to our teeth so we have to brush them when we wake up?	Our mouth isn't sterile, and overnight you aren't doing enough to stop bacteria from growing back. We brush in the morning to clean it off again, even if you already brushed it clean the night before", 'Bacteria are growing and dying, and your own cells are growing and dying over the course of the night. All that white stuff is basically dried cells and mucous, so you have to brush to keep it clean.
Tuna. How can one tuna fish be worth over a £million? What stops you from simply catching a tuna and becoming very rich?	It's worth what it is because someone is willing to pay that much. They really want it. Nothing stops you except the difficulty of catching such a valuable fish.
The difference between ale and lager yeast	The top and bottom fermenting is somewhat of a misnomer - they both ferment throughout the body of the beer. Ale yeast tends to form "crops" on top, though. Ale and lager yeast are different species and prefer different temperature ranges for fermentation. Ale yeast usually ferments at a cool room temperature, while lager yeast ferments in the 50s, 40s, and down to just above freezing. Ale yeast tends to produce more esters and phenols, which give the beer flavor and aroma; lager yeast tends not to, letting the malt and hops shine on their own. Of course, "tends to" is about as close as you can get to solid rules, because there are dozens of strains of both species, each with their own characteristics.
If individual federal campaign donations are capped at $2,700, how do billionaires donate hundreds of thousands, if not millions, to individual candidates?	correct, it does not count if it goes to a super-pac. but super-pac money cannot pay for things like campaign staff salaries. they need bothThe difference is between "hard money" and "soft money". Hard money is given directly to a candidate and is limited. Soft money is given to a PAC and used where needed. For example, I could donate $1,000,000 to the "Elf Defense Fund", which then could purchase ads saying that Joe Biden is the only candidate that has successfully lobbied for Elven interests. You know when one of these PACs is in action because it will say at the end, "Paid for by the Elf Defense Fund"Remember when Stephen Colbert had his Super PAC? [All those videos are still online.]. Fascinating stuff.There's a really fantastic, short, really thorough explanation for this. Steven Colbert did a piece where he ran for president, created his own Super PAC and showed how it worked, from beginning to end. I can find the link if you like, we watched it in my AP Gov class", 'Individual candidates only really use their "own money" for basics . Most of the money that gets spent ends up going to things like advertising, and that's done through PACs.
Why do animals never seem to roll an ankle or pull a hammy?	Most animals walk on all fours, which is a very balanced way of walking. If something goes under one of their feet, they have 3 others on the ground that they can stand and balance on. Humans, on the other hand, have just about the most reckless method of transportation since we only walk on two legs. "Walking" for humans is more like standing on one foot, then falling forwards and catching yourself on your other foot. It's controlled falling. We have much less balance, and our weight is distributed over less points, meaning more potential for a fall and more weight being applied to joints when you catch yourself, resulting in more injuries.It's nearly impossible to keep my female Boxer calm. She has slightly torn her ACL three separate times now. Dr says to walk her around the yard on a leash to limit her running/movement. On a related note, my mother in law recently tore her ACL. I suggested to my husband that we keep her on a leash as well as to limit her mobility. ;0)
Why do countries with small armies send their troops overseas to support countries with armies hundreds of times their size?	Small army doesn't mean bad army. And when you add numbers from more countries it's pretty substantial number of soldiers.Supporting a country like America during there conflicts then required then to return the support if we are in trouble.Sending people overseas to do things can help justify their budget. If you just have 100K soldiers guarding the great barrier reef, people start saying maybe we only need 95k or 90k and so on. When it comes to government budgets, use it or lose it. There is also the idea of [coalition building]. A politician loves to say 'we have x number of countries united in this effort'.Also it's a good way to "talk shop" exchange tips and tricks. Find new ways to do things as well as see other equipment in the field that some other country has tested and perfected.Coalition agreements, to show support, sometimes for the particular expertise that those armies have. And sometimes it's to keep the army used to combat, so they don't just spend the entire time getting drunk.
the difference in sorting comments between "best" and "top"	'Top' is purely 'highest voted', after the up/down delta. 'Best' takes into consideration much more, like how quickly a comment amasses upvotes, down/up ratio and some other stuff.
How does cell know which genes to read (transcribe) at this moment and which genes should be sleeping.	Nothing controls all of it at once. This is a massive interlocking system of various elements. There are some genes that are expressed all the time in any given cell. Those are typically those that are needed all the time, e.g. those that control the process of protein synthesis in general. The rest some are turned off by chemical modification of the DNA structure, either the DNA itself or the proteins it associates with, making the gene in that spot unavailable to the transcription mechanism. Some other gene might have a protein bound to it that blocks the transcription that is detached by interaction with something else, or conversely a protein that assists the transcription of that particular region may bind to the gene. Then there's a special kind of RNA that can bind to the genes already transcribed and stop the transcribed gene from doing anything. They can be controlled by the many, many signalling pathways that respond to all kinds of things, from molecules to temperature, shear stress or what-have-you, which typically end in some molecule entering the nucleus and regulating the expression of the genes by one of the mechanisms above.
Did communism during USSR ever do any good, if not, why didn't it end sooner?	It's not really true, early on in the USSR's history communism did a great deal. Most notably, it bridged the gap between the urban middle class and the rural population, who had only recently been emancipated from serfdom. It allowed Russia to rapidly industrialize and turned it into a superpower. Although the communist leadership was oppressive, it wasn't anywhere near as self-interested and inefficient as the Tsardom.
Why is it that sometimes when you look at an analog clock, it seems to freeze briefly before continuing?	When you move your eyes you should see a blur as they turn in their sockets. However, you don't. Why? Because your brain focuses on the image your eyes settle on, and retroactively fills in the blurred space with that new image. Normally, that's fine, the effects aren't really noticeable. However, on something with very regular, predictable movement this creates a brief "pause" effect because your brain fills in the gap with the still image of the object. So, it appears like the object, in this case the clock, "pauses" for an instant before continuing.
How is the southwestern part of the U.S. still hospitable after all the atomic devices tested there?	There are a few factors: 1. Most of the tests you saw in that video were underground test. That means there was very little contamination except the ground immediately around the test. 2. Almost all of the atmospheric tests there were of relatively low yields that would not spread contamination very far. Nevada is a big state and most of it is uninhabited and owned by the federal government, so it doesn't matter that people probably shouldn't live there. 3. Some of the atmospheric tests were airbursts, which reduces local fallout. 4. They did try to time the shots so the weather was optimal for not spreading contamination into inhabited areas. But there was still some significant downwind contamination into areas in Nevada and Utah in particular, and the communities exposed have had significant health issues related to this. These were generally low individual doses , but radiation risk is cumulative, so it all kind of adds up, especially for kids. One of the worst places affected was St. George, Utah, which is right on the Utah/Nevada border. The US government passed a law in 1990 to provide compensation for people affected downwind of the Nevada Test Site ), in the states of Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. As of this writing they have awarded some 17,300 claims totaling some $866 million dollarsThey test them on military compounds in the middle of the desert. It was never habitated in the first place and all the poisoned areas are strictly off limitsI used to live in a town where there are still very high rates of cancer due to testing, dozens of people in this very small town are sick but the government pays for their treatment.

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