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How can photochromic glasses change colour with the sunlight?
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from wikipedia: > In one sort of technology, molecules of silver chloride or another silver halide are embedded in photochromatic lenses. They are transparent to visible light without significant ultraviolet component, which is normal for artificial lighting. In another sort of technology, organic photochromic molecules, when exposed to ultraviolet rays as in direct sunlight, undergo a chemical process that causes them to change shape and absorb a significant percentage of the visible light, i.e., they darken. These processes are reversible; once the lens is removed from strong sources of UV rays the photochromic compounds return to their transparent state _URL_0_
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Does climate change lead to an increase in extreme cold weather as well as extreme warm weather? If so, why is the average yearly temperature continuing to get warmer?
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That's a little backwards. Global warming means all storm systems are larger, in addition to the obvious that average temperatures are very slightly higher. However, larger storm systems means that cold fronts that used to die out as they head south will go much farther, bringing freezing weather to places that infrequently freeze. Thus, a little warming can produce more extremes, including extremes of cold.
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Difference between RAM and Cache Memory
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Cache is your fridge/pantry - it stores things you've recently used or intend to use soon, and has a relatively low amount of storage. You can grab things in nearly real-time while trying to cook. RAM is the grocery store that's a mile away. Lots of storage for things you may or may not use frequently, but it takes orders of magnitude more time to go get something from the store than it does to grab it out of the fridge.
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Women's excessive grunting in tennis
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Vocalizing while hitting the ball can help a player focus, and it can throw off their opponent's timing. Also, opponents can get clues about how the ball was hit based on the sound the racquet makes grunting is supposed to obscure it. When there was no rule against it, tennis players have been gradually getting louder and louder. Men grunt too, but with their lower pitched voices, it doesn't travel as well. There is a rule against it, but right now it is at the umpires descretion, and rarely used. It remains a controversial topic in tennis.
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What is happening when we hit our funny bone?
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You have the [ulnar nerve] passing just below the skin at the elbow with bone under and when you hit a nerve that exposed it hurts.
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Why are some things invented (touchscreens for example, 40 years ago) but it takes so long for consumers to accept them? Price?
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Well the touch screen is kind of a bad example here. While it was invented in the 70s, there was nothing for it to be controlled with. Computers were mostly text based until 1992 when windows 3.1 was published. And even then the computers were mostly to slow to have a real benefit from touchscreens. Even today apart from tablets and smartphones touchscreens are more toy than of real use. And tablets and smartphones were simply not possible so long ago due to non existing miniaturization processes. There are a lot of things developed "ahead of their time". Mostly it simply is a matter of cost/effect ratio thats missing in the end.Yes, sometimes it's price -- the ability to make one of something for a million dollars is utterly different from the ability to make 100 million of them for a hundred dollars each. Also, sometimes other components are required. When the video phone was invented, there was no network capable of carrying that many video signals. When the touch screen was invented, software for it was terrible. Also, sometimes the original version is not reliable and requires more maintenance than a consumer is willing to tolerate. A jet fighter is more powerful than a car, but it requires 12 hours of maintenance for every hour of flight!", 'Touch screens are only really useful with small, hand held devices. Early touch screens were large, bulky, CRT monitors, and users would suffer what was called "gorilla arm syndrome", where your arms would get tired from holding them up to the monitor over extended time. In addition, computer of the day just weren't very powerful. Graphical user interfaces were rare and required expensive hardware. Most computers had text based interfaces. Some didn't even have monitors, they printed out to paper. It took decades in advances in flat screen technology and miniaturization before touchscreens found their niche.
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I literally live in the other side of the American continent, explain me briefly about what's currently happening on America's politic.
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A fellow that quite a lot of people dislike is surprisingly in a position to upset a fellow that a lot of people dislike a bit less. You know sports movies? How there's always an underdog team, full of likable kids who band together to beat the odds and defeat the team full of jerks? In this case, the jerk is both the underdog and poised to win. This is just a primary, where the guys running are all pretty similar in how they think. In the fall the last guy standing will get to go up against the current winner, who has a slightly different mentality. But in the end, to quote South Park, it's still a choice between a giant douche and a turd sandwich.
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Why is alcohol and tobacco regulated by the same agency as firearms? Why aren't liquor and cigarettes regulated by the FDA?
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The ATF was formed to deal with gun running & smuggling of alcohol & tobacco. They were originally part of the Department of the Treasury and concerned with securing tax revenue, not safety or purity of the productThe fda is a regulatory agency. The atf is a law enforcement agency.
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How would a radio transmission from a planet with a significant gravitational field work?
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I haven't seen the movie. Was the planet the other crew was on in motion relative to the Earth to cause time dilation, or was it a difference in gravity? Either way, what they 'd experience is some sort of "redshift" or "blueshift." The radio message would not be lost, but its frequency would either be lower or higher . This is something we have to deal with when we use GPS satellites, though the effect is much less drastic. Basically, though, you just calculate how much the frequency of the original message will have shifted by the time it reaches you, and tune your receiver accordingly. No information would be lost. edit: Realized from context that it's a gravitational field. The way to think about it is that if the radio signal oscillates once an hour to the crew out on the planet, it'll oscillate once every 20 years to someone on Earth receiving it. Hence, lower frequency.
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Why in a room with 24 people do two people probably share the same birthday?
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First off there is 1 in 365 chance that two people share a birthday. That means there is a 364 in 365 chance they do not share a birthday. If you have a third man then the chance of him also having a different birthday then the two men is 363 in 365 so the combined chance is /. You then continue adding more people until you get to 24 people. At this point you have a less then 50% chance that none of the people in the room shares a birthday. Flip that around and that means that there is over 50% chance that at least two people share birthdays.24 sounds like a low number, but think of it in terms of the number of unique PAIRS of people you can make with 24 people. You take person one, and you can match him with the other 23 people. If there's not a match there, then person 2 can match with the remaining 22 people So person one has 23 chances, person 2 has 22, person 3 has 21 and so on and so on. So you can work this out by 23+22+21+20 and so on. 24 people = 276 unique pairs. 276/365 = 0.67 So, in a room of 24 people there is a 67% chance that two people will share a birthday.
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Why do some people seem to retain "useless information" without effort, yet recalling someone's phone number can be so difficult while exerting effort to memorize it?
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We don't really live in the environment we evolved for. The things we find easy to memorize are the things we find 'cool'. Something like a phone number doesn't trip our primate senses into thinking it's information worth storing, but the destructive power of a photon torpedo? That's kind of like remembering how strong a warrior is, which is definitely primal-level information.Personal interest, maybe. Also, numerical sequences may be more difficult to remember than facts or trivia in the narrative abstract, or images . Humans are drawn naturally to language and stories, which is why movie quotes are easier to recall than phone numbers, SSNs, etc. There's a "fuzzy" quality about it that allows you to relate the same thing and have people still get it even if you don't get the quote right verbatim. Although music may help in memorizing phone numbers, especially if they're repetitive or catchy like in ad jingles. For instance there was a car dealer in Massachusetts whose ads always used to come on during televised Red Sox games. I haven't seen the ad in 10 years but still remember the jingle, and therefore the phone number. ♪ "5-0-8, 8-8-0, oh-oh-oh-oh, Lincoln-Mercury of Raynham!" ♪ And then there's always Jenny's number, of course. Which is now the [actual phone number of a plumbing company in Rhode Island] that uses the same Jenny song in its advertising too.
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With virtually infinite time, could we use selective breeding to bring out crazy traits in animals?
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Provided that those traits appeared at some point, yes. We couldn't breed dogs to have horns unless at some point there was a dog who had the mutation to have horns. The same way that we can't breed humans to have gills, gills have to come around on their own, we can breed humans to all have gills once the mutation presents itself, but not until then.
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what are once removed, and twice removed cousins
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The "level" of cousin is dependent upon how many generations you are from your nearest common ancestor. So "first cousins" have 1 generation between them and their nearest common ancestor, that ancestor being their grandparents . "Second cousins" have 2 generations between them and their nearest common ancestor, that ancestor being their great grandparents . The once, twice "removed" is when the cousins aren't both at the same "level." And you remove 1 for each "level" further back one cousin is. So go back to "first cousins." Your first cousin has a kid. Your grandparent is still the most common ancestor, so you are still first cousins, but that kid is another generation removed from that ancestor so he is your first cousin, once removed.[Here's a table of consanguinity that explains it]
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bi-racial labels and how the media identifies us
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Reddit default subs are a shitty place to ask about racial issues. You might want to find somewhere better to ask if you want quality answers.
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Why does it take at least 15 minutes to fill a prescription? What's going on back there?
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The pharmacist is ensuring that the prescribed medication is appropriate and safe before it is handed to you. Is it the right drug for the condition? Is the strength and regimen appropriate? Are there interactions with the patient's other medications to be aware of? Physicians also do make prescribing errors from time to time , and a large part of a pharmacist's role is to catch those mistakes before it reaches the patient. Also note that while your particular prescription may be relatively straight forward to check, it is likely that there are others which aren't, causing a wait time of 15-20 minutes.in America, they would be trying to put it thru the insurance and doing all the paperwork required to run it electronically', "Also possible that, depending on the medication, making sure that this isn't the 10th prescription for this medication you've got from 10 different chemists today.
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Why is it harder to breathe when walking into a strong wind?
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1) Breathing is a matter of lowering the pressure in your lungs so the higher pressure outside of your body pushes air into your lungs. The greater the difference in air pressure between two compartments the faster the air flow. 2) The faster the wind blows, the less pressure there is. 3) When there the external air pressure is lower, the difference in air pressure is reduced and it's thus harder to breathe.
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The relevant differences between totalitarian and an authoritarian regimes.
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Authoritarian regimes want to consolidate and centralize power so that governments have all of it. They avoid checks and balances or anything to maintain the government's control. Totalitarianism goes further than that. In an totalitarian regime, checks and balances don't even exist. The state is all that really matters. It seeks to penetrate and control every layer and aspect of society.Authoritarianism: "You have to do what we tell you". Totalitarianism: "You have to think what we tell you."
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How do music artists split the profit when featuring each other on a single track?
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Sometimes they don't. Smaller artists often want to be featured on larger artists tracks and are paid a flat fee. Other times, it is an exchange. Nicki Minaj: "50k for a verse, no album out" implies that Kanye paid her $50,000 for her verse on Monster.They either just do it for love of the music. Like Eminem was featured on a Tech N9ne Song and did it for nothing. But alot of them have fees so say you want an artist on your record you call them and ask them to do it. And they say they'll do a chorus but you have to pay them $5,000 or whatever they charge.
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If Google's spent so much on anticopyright measures on YouTube how come movies with over 1 million hits exist?
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Videos are taken down for copyright infringement if one of the following things happens: 1. The copyright owner registers the original with YouTube's automated Content ID system, sets it to block videos it matches, and the system actually identifes a match. This can be harder than it seems, because the copyright owner is supposed to adjust the settings to ensure that the system correctly identifies actual infringement without producing a bunch of false matches.2. The copyright owner manually searches for possibly infringing material, and then files DMCA complaints against any it finds. If neither of those two things happen, the video stays live. It's actually not YouTube's decision whether an infringing video is taken down: if the copyright owner doesn't file a complaint against it, the video stays. The DMCA specifically states that content hosts are not liable for their users' infringing activities, as long as the host takes prompt action if/when the copyright owner does file a complaint.
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How does propulsion work in a vacuum. For instance, how would a space craft propel itself when there's nothing to push against?
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Rocket engines in a vacuum operate based on conservation of momentum. The total momentum of any system must remain the same. So if you expel something with momentum in one direction, the rest of the mass *must* move in the other direction . As a simple example, imagine sitting in a sled on very slick ice, and throwing a heavy bowling ball forward. You will slide backward, and not because the bowling ball is pushing off the air, but because *you're pushing off the bowling ball*. This causes the total momentum of bowling-ball-plus-sled to remain unchanged. Likewise, the rocket is essentially pushing off its own exhaust.It shoots stuff out the back, such as rocket exhaust. That goes one way and the ship goes the otherThe ignited rocket fuel pushes against the rocketRocket engines actually push themselves. Think of it this way: the combustion from the fuel pushes in all directions in the nozzle of the engine. The walls of the nozzle are parallel on most sides, so the force pushing against one wall cancels out the force on the opposite side. But since one end of the engine is open, where the exhaust comes out, it does not cause any force to push backwards. Therefore, the force pushing forwards, away from the end of the nozzle, is not canceled out, and the rocket effectively pushes against itself and accelerates forward. Another way of saying that is that the mass leaving one end of the engine applies a force in the opposite direction. The greater the volume of mass being ejected, the higher the force and therefore acceleration"Every action has an equal and opposite reaction." Basically, if stuff comes out the back of a ship, the ship will be propelled forward at the same rate of the stuff coming out the backEvery force has an equal or opposite reaction. You shoot exhaust one way, and that same force pushes you the other.
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What makes Cape Horn so treacherous?
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High winds, strong currents, and large storms all combine to make for especially treacherous sailing. Keep in mind that treacherous seas were usually named when people forecast by *red in the morning sailor take warning red in the evenin' sailor a pleasin'* Imagine sailing through [seas like this].The seas around Antarctica are pretty nasty in general - the latitudes south of 40° are colloquially known as the "roaring forties", the "furious fifties" and the "screaming sixties". The reason is that there are several very strong wind and water currents present: the [Antarctic Circumpolar Current], the southern [Westerlies], and perpendicular to both the [Antarctic Convergence]. Cape Horn is the only place where ships that don't actually want to go on polar expeditions *have* to go through these rough waters which is nearly as bad), and on top of that conditions are even worse there because the tips of South America and Antarctica form a funnelLooking at the bigger picture: Waves and wind tend to travel west to east; and get stronger the longer they can go straight without hitting anything. The ocean around Antarctica is perfect: they can just keep going, and getting bigger, and bigger. There is a limit, but those waves can get pretty big. The narrowest place: where all those strong waves get pushed through, is the Drake Passage, between Cape Horn and the northernmost part of Antarctica.
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What is the purpose of water towers?
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To get water to flow up out of the pipes below the ground into your house it needs to be pushed. Now this could be done by using a big pump at the water treatment plant, but the big pump would have to pump harder when more people had water running and pump less when less people had water running. The problem then becomes how does the big pump detect all the faucets turning on and off to increase/decrease output? What water towers achieve is a constant pressure in the pipes. The water pushing down out of the tower pushes all the way through the pipes finally pushing water up and then out of the faucet. So the big pump just has to pump it into the water tower, and then gravity does the rest of the work in a controlled and constant manner. Here is a video on [siphoning] which demonstrates the principleThey provide constant pressure to water systems. Water can be pumped into a house, but it is more difficult to maintain constant pressure with a pump. Is easier to pump it up high and maintain a constant level, then let gravity take control.
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When I was 5, those who were 10 looks old and mature. However, once I was 11, those who were 10 looks young and immature. Why?
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i have always wondered this i remember being like 5 or 6 and my brother who was 13 or 14 seemed like a grown ass man. and now a days 13 or 14 year olds look lile babiesI still feel like that with high school kids. When I was in middle school, high schoolers looked like straight up adults but now that I just finished my first year of college, high schoolers look like freshmen', "Human minds are excellent at sorting individuals into categories. As a child, people are either bigger, taller, and older than you, or smaller, shorter, and younger. There's not much need for differentiation, because as a 5 year old, you don't really care about the differences between a 10 year old, a 15 year old, and an adult. They're all just older than you.
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Why are there so many third world countries in Africa when the continent is considered the cradle of civilization?
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Bad climate, terrible leaders, heavily sought after resources, cultural barriers, foreign invaders taking sought after resources, constant border wars, lack of industrialization, anyone got any other reasons?', "When was Africa ever referred to as the cradle of civilization? You're thinking of Mesopotamia
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why can my heaters easily keep my house at a nice 75 when its 15 degrees outside, but my AC struggles to dip below 70 when its 100 outside?
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Your heaters are a hell of a lot more powerful than your Air Conditioners An AC unit can move 4-10 watts of heat per watt of power used, but it'll only use a few hundred watts. A big window AC unit might be rated at 10,000 BTU/hour or about 2.9 kW of heat removal which sounds pretty good, until you consider that a 6 foot electric baseboard can be a 1.5 kW heater and you'll likely have significantly more of them than you will air conditioners Your house likely has the ability to add 10 kW of heat to the space but is only able to remove 2-4 kW", 'What kind of air-conditioning do you have ?
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How quad core (multi core?) works.
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It's like having more than one cook in a kitchen, instead of one really, really fast cook. Well, the problem is actually a little more complex: for years and years, they were training cooks just to work faster, but realized that they were getting towards the top of how fast one cook could work, so they decided they'd start working on having multiple cooks at a time, even if they didn't work quite as fast. It should be noted that you get the usual problems associated with this: one cook will have something another cook needs, and time is taken up handing it from one to the other; it doesn't make any particular dish get cooked faster unless you teach the cooks how to work on different parts of it at the same time; no particular task goes any faster, since it only takes one cook to make a steak; etc. However, if you have many dishes that all need to get cooked at roughly the same time, having more than one cook is a big help.
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Why do some restaurants charge a service fee for larger groups?
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Generally because big groups are poor tippers, and are more work for the servers, bussers, and kitchen. It's easier to take and prepare 20 orders from 10 tables spread out over 15 minutes than it is to deal with 20 orders from the same table all at the same time.
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Why is fruit better for you than candy in terms of sugar (if it really is)?
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Sugar is sugar. However, a fruit has many other things: lots of water, some fiber, some vitamins, etc. These things fill you up and generally take a lot longer to eat. Candy is not filling, and basically pure sugar so if someone is pigging out on apples vs. candy, they can likely eat a TON more sugar eating candyFruit has a lower glycemic index than refined sugar, meaning that it releases its sugars more slowly as it is digested. When you eat stuff like candy--or even other easily digested carbs like bread and pasta--you effectively get a sugar rush: all the calories are dumped into your bloodstream at once, causing the body to store some of that energy as fat. Once the rush is over, blood sugar drops as suddenly as it rose, you start to feel hungry again and you eat more. Fruit does not cause such drastic spikes in your blood sugar and helps you to feel satisfied for longer. That said, some fruit does have a *lot* of sugar in it. Bananas and mangos are among the worst offenders, IIRC.If you look at the calories per gram it's clear: Apple - 50-60kcal per 100g Mars bar - 550kcal per 100g So candy is an excellent source of energy, it's just that most people don't need it.
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What would happen if the earth slowly began to rotate the other direction?
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Assuming the transition were slow enough to not throw everybody down , the biggest difference I could see would be weather. All the prevailing winds would flip direction, rain shadows would move to the other side of mountains, and so on. You can see the effect [in South America], where the reversal of the trade winds causes jungle and desert to swap placesAt one point the earth would stop producing a magnetic field around us and we would be cooked by radiation.Nothing good that's for sure. These jump out at me in order they would probably appear. * tsunamis* massive storms/weather shifts* plagues/famine widespread* certain species start dying off* civilization gone* severe temperature fluctuations and even more severe weather issues* possible volcano/earthquake storms* weakening magnetosphere * mass extinction let's say 99%and then reverse sans almost all life.
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How is the average lifespan decided for newborns?
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Basically it's a best case scenario of statistical projection. So if people are easily living to their 80s/90s now and medicine is improving and other factors like access to food, water, hygiene are improving you can make a projection based off of that. The problem is they don't account for things like the emergence of superevolved diseases we can't treat yet or breakdown of society or our pending inevitable nuclear war or psychological fall out and things you just can't predict. Ultimately it's statistics that you should take with a grain of salt, but understand are still likely accurate without cataclysmic events.
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Why do donuts have holes in them?
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Well, the first thing to note is that not all donuts have holes. There are "filled donuts" which are essentially donuts without the hole . As for why donuts with holes have holes, there are a number of explanations, but as far as I'm aware, noone actually knows for sure. One explanation that's commonly brought up is that before they were made with a hole, the center would end up undercooked and doughy, so the hole was made to ensure that it got baked properly.So they cook quicker. There was always a rumor that a captain of a boat put one on the boats wheel in rough weather but I don't believe it has been proven.Another theory involves the fact that doughnuts gained popularity in the US about the same time as the bagel, which were sold on sticks on street carts. The hole in the doughnut made it easier to carry for the street vendors.Its so the inside doesn't remain uncooked and the outside gets too cooked. Its all about maintaining the happy squishy medium
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Why are house pets not bothered by audio noises?
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Phage is right that they're used to the sounds. Think of it like a single crazy person who's on the street every day in the same spot - eventually you just tune them out. Also, the audio that is produced around them isn't natural. It undergoes what's called "dynamic range compression", which flattens the natural loud and soft so that everything appears to be a similar volume level. Then it's delivered to you on speakers that may be delivering between 40-70% of the original sound, especially if you're playing it through cheap speakers, laptop speakers, television speakers, iphones, etc. So they can tell pretty immediately that it's fakeThey are used to the funny boxes we have that make noises, and know they are never really important.
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Why does my mouth feel cleaner the morning after eating something garlic heavy the night before?
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I think it's a coincidence. I'm a dentist. If you brushed properly before you slept you probably shouldn't have had much plaque in your mouth overnight which would 'grow'. It could be the fact your breath was very garlic strong, so you noticed you didn't have plaque when you investigated why.
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Vitamins. How do we know they're there, how do we know what they all separately do?
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We *don't* know what ALL vitamins and minerals are in food. Human nutrition is actually a lot murkier than people realize because there is a lot we still don't know. This is also why you get contradictory diet advice everywhere. But what we have figured out is through looking at the chemicals in food, either by how food reacts with other chemicals or looking at that food under a microscope.We know what vitamins DO because some people have poor diets. When we encounter a person who only eats certain kinds of food, and we know what vitamins are and are not in those foods, we attribute their poor health and the bad things that happen to their bodies to a lack of whatever vitamins we know they are not getting. When we keep track of a lot of people, we can see that all the people who aren't getting B vitamins get nerve damage, and we conclude that B vitamins must help prevent that damage. And the same goes for people who don't eat calcium all getting porous bones, and concluding that calcium must prevent bone loss. And so on.
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Wikipedia says that the ISS orbits the Earth "at an altitude of between 330 and 435 km". Why is the altitude not fixed?
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At that altitude, there is actually still a little atmosphere and so the orbit will slowly degrade . Every once in a while they use boosters to raise it back into a higher orbit. The range of altitudes given are the range of altitudes that are considered okay. Plus, orbits are not perfect circles. They are a little bit elliptical so there is a high point and low point in every orbit.Why don't we just build a moonbase instead of dealing with a degrading orbit?
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Why are some mathematical abstractions so much harder than others for humans to grasp?
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There are levels of abstraction, because certain abstract concepts rely on others, and thus must be presented later in schools. Can't do calculus without understanding numbers, operators, and algebra, basically. When you first learn an abstract concept, you translate. First few multiplications are indeed consecutive additions. But after a while you stop translating and use the concept itself, and at that point you're ready for the next level of abstraction that uses the previous abstraction as its building blocks. The difficulty between daily activities and the various formal sciences is in being able to accept and work with the abstract basic blocks of each science. I'd expect an painter to be better than average at geometry, but that doesn't always hold true.
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How did Jeff Bezos become a billionaire in the ‘90s, when Amazon literally wasn’t even turning a profit?
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profit potential. same reason companies like uber, tesla, facebook, ect have massive market value despite little to no profit. Often times its just about getting users/eyeballs/customers, with the presumption that scale/efficiency will eventually produce a profit.
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What differences are there between male and female brains? Of those which (so far) have been tested to always been the case and which vary depending on the subjects?
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Here is a page describing some of the difference between male and female brains, specifically an very interesting brain structure call the anterior hypothalamus. _URL_0_ I think the differences are pretty well established,.. I recall this being discussed during my undergrad back in the 90's. The article explains pretty well the 'severity' of the differences, how it related to hormonal development, sexual orientation. etc.
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Bug people, what exactly is going on here?
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Dragonflies are predators. It looks like that one caught a fly and is feasting on its tasty inner goo.
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why do some people have curly hair while others don't.
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It's just a gene trait, along with many others as far as skin tone, texture, facial composition, height, etc.
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Why doesn't air separate into layers of each of its individual components based on density?
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It would but air is far to volatile to stay separated. The sun heats the earth as the earth rotates on an axis as it orbits the sun. Everything is constantly changing as warm air rises creating winds that constantly mix the atmosphere.
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What is true socialism, and why do people think it will save America?
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Literally nobody thinks it will save America. But certain socialist policies have proven highly effective in the past and in other first-world countries. First, socialism is not a form of government in and of itself. Socialism is an economic model in which the government controls industries and exerts significant control over how revenues are shared. Practically no one, save perhaps North Korea, is 100% socialist. Every modern country has a mix of socialist and capitalist policies. Second, it is entirely possible for a country to implement socialism and still fall into ruin through incompetence and mismanagement . When people talk about socialism in America, they normally mean socialized medicine and increased welfare . The goal is to alleviate poverty and prevent wealth from accumulating in the hands of the very few. That ends the unbiased explanation. My *personal assessment* is that the only rational course of action is to implement at least some socialist policies. Ruthless, cut-throat capitalism as the GOP supports it is untenable. It never has worked and it never will. The market will always require government intervention in order to make it function properly and safely. Certain functions, like medical care and education, have completely failed as capitalist institutions and need to be entirely recast as government-controlled operations. Social welfare programs, especially for the sick and the elderly, are vital to alleviating poverty. And as our planet runs out of fossil fuels and suffers the burdens of overpopulation, we will increasingly require rational government control over how resources are allocated. Again, I must insist: Not saying that all capitalism is evil, but certain functions will inevitably require significant government interventions that would qualify as "socialist."', "Socialism is a system of economics, not government. It's seen as preferable to capitalism because it allows for more even distribution of wealth and resources eg universal healthcare and tuition-free post-secondary education. This must obviously be funded somehow, and the solution most often proposed is a tax increase, generally applying most to the wealthiest members of a given society. The issue is that very few people honestly want to pay higher taxes regardless of the benefits.
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How can the one dimensional form of Fourier's Law of Cooling and the thermal heat equation be used to model cooling
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I expanded the mathematical procedure for the solution here: _URL_0_ I also just realised that I called it Fourier's equation instead of Fourier's Law . Anyway, at the start I used a more complete form of Fourier's Law, though I kept it to the 1D version to not confuse you. A few lines down it gets to the form that your link started with, in case you don't care about it. I also tagged on the separation of variables method in case you wanted, but used my preferred method of solving the ODE. Any questions, feel free to ask. And if I made any mistakes, feel free to behead me. Hope this helps < 3", ' to is to replace dQ/dt with the time derivat of with the assumption the mass and the heat capacity stays the same ie is not time dependent to is a standard first-order linear ordinary differential equation dx/dt=k*x and x=Be^ + C is the standard way to solve that equation. To explain way is a bit advanced for this subrddit. To understans why I would read or see a lecture online about differential equations. That and U is replaced with how it is defined in the to step
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Why can some people sing well, but others can't hit a note to save their life?
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I would like to know why people always sound much better to themselves. I can *think* I'm singing along perfectly to a song, then hear a recording and it sounds like someone fisting a bull.I'm pretty sure it's something else than practice. I can't sing for shit and yet still I 've tried alot. It has to be something else Besides the only people who say "everyone can sing" can sing themselves.I've observed that most people with good voices tend to have also good hearing. When you sing and hear yourself, you'll be able to correct your off notes and as you practice this, you become more attuned to the vibrations of your voice in different pitches. So after a while, you'll be able to sing well without hearing your own voice.
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Why my head gets foggy/buzzy for a few seconds after I have a really good stretch.
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Sounds like you're talking about head rush . Basically, if you've been sitting in one location for a while and then move, the blood pressure in your head drops because gravity pulls a lot of blood into your legs and feet when you stand. This takes a moment to correct itself, and during this time you can lose your vision and balance.
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Why does it "smell" like winter or rain
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Because the particles in the air change. spring smells like pollen. Winter cold will suppress a lot of lighter smells but you get smoke from chimneys.
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Why is it harder and harder to get a full night sleep the older you get?
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The cumulative effect of a life-time of alcohol, stimulants, sedentary life-style, overeating, rumination, rejection, heart break, loss, regret, humilation, meaninglessness, sadness, rage and the creeping fear of impending deathBecause your brain produces less melatonin as you age. Less melatonin equals less sleepy timeSomeone answer this please. I need to sleep.Someone correct me if I'm wrong, but I believe it's because as people age they spend less time in REM sleep during their cycle. REM sleep is where you get that truly rested feeling from, as well as where you dream, so as people get older they often wake much earlier and get tired easier as their sleep cycle is different. Fun fact: A mammal in REM sleep is also paralyzed. This is why a cat that falls asleep sitting up will eventually fall over; it has entered REM sleep and become paralyzed. Also, birds are the only non-mammals observed to experience REM sleep! Reptiles and other non-mammals do not.
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Why don't we just use a different drug for lethal injection?
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What ever drug you pick has to come from somewhere, and has to be medical grade. Interestingly enough most drug manufactures don't want the reputation as the company that makes the drugs that kill people. So what ever you pick is going to be stigmatized and therefor hard to get. Ok, so pick something else, well now you're back to square one, and repeat.
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What's currently happening with Michigan's water and why?
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In Flint, MI almost 2 years ago, the powers that be decided to stop using Lake Huron as its water source and switch to using the Flint River, which to those who grew up in or around Flint is utterly laughable because it's a notoriously brown, murky, polluted mess, but I digress. The switch was done in order to cut budget costs, so to save a little money basically. Soon after the switch, residents noticed their water looking and smelling funny and dirty, apparently due to the high amount of iron in water from the Flint River which makes this water 19 times more corrosive than the clean, clear miraculous inland ocean of tasty wonder that is Lake Huron's water. The State Department of Water Equality didn't add anti-corrosive agents to the water, so the water was eroding the pipes carrying the water to everyone. The lead poisoning experienced is a result of that, lead in the piping infrastructure being corroded by the shitty water. Basically, Flint city water will not be safe again until they complete replace the infrastructure that's been irreparably damaged. Now, people are trying to get as much bottled water to Flint as possible, with grocery stores all over the state taking donations from cool people who buy extra packs of bottles to be sent to the city. But it's really only a drop in the bucket. People need/use an astonishing amount of water on a daily basis. Meanwhile, officials are telling people the water is safe, though to what degree I'm not 100%. I'm sure someone living in Flint now could elaborate more about their personal experiences. [source with more info]
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How are vitamins and supplements, that the body makes naturally, man-made?
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Firstly, your body doesn't naturally make vitamins, that's why you need to eat them. Secondly, most of them are just extracted. Most of the things we grow or produce for food, of necessity, have those vitamins in. Sometimes it's easier to just take them out. Thirdly, you can make almost all of them artificially, but its a different process for each of them. It's usually a complicated process requiring multiple steps and a deep knowledge of organic chemistry.
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What actually caused the Great Depression?
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A lot of things: * In the 1920's low food prices supported by WWI price floors caused a mass wave of farm foreclosures. * The crash of 1929 shook confidence for lenders . * The Fed constrained liquidity rather than easing borrowing, so the economy experienced widespread deflation and a loss of demand. * A few bank failures led to runs on more and more banks, paralyzing the financial sector.
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Why is it ok to advertise alcohol on television, but not tobacco?
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Tobacco receives a lot of government oversight because its use, *as intended*, without any overuse or abuse, is *absolutely known* to cause any number of long-term health issues. Alcohol can also be dangerous, but moderate, responsible use has no long-lasting health effects, and it takes legitimate *abuse* of alcohol before it becomes a risk factor for health issues. **TL;DR: Cigarettes, used "responsibly" as intended, will kill you. A drink or two a day will not.**', "Cigarette commercials were banned because the industry refused to self-regulate and instead went with the line that cigarettes weren't unhealthy. Alcohol on the other hand was willing to self-regulate itself. Liquor ads were not shown on TV until the late '90s. Have you ever seen someone actually drink a beer during a commercial? There's also nothing harmful about drinking moderately. The same cannot be said about smoking.
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How does the strength of a currency work?
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The exact numbers aren't really that important. Just because you can trade $1 for 114 yen doesn't mean that the dollar is stronger or weaker on its own. You need to look at the ratio over time. If five years ago you could trade $1 for 50 yen, then the dollar is now stronger or the yen is now weaker, because you need more yen to equal 1 dollar. So what makes the value of a dollar change, or get stronger or weaker. Like everything else you 've ever bought, the answer is supply and demand. If the dollar is in higher demand, either because more people want to do business with the US or because people want to travel to the US, then the "price" of the dollar, measured in yen, will go up. The reverse can be true too. If the supply of dollars has been increasing, due to inflation, then the price goes down, because it's easier to find someone willing to trade dollars for your yen. This is the dollar getting weaker.
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What does Russia (and other countries) gains from being part of the G8?
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G8 is basically a meeting of the most important industrial Nations to get together talk strategie make deals So everyone benefits who is part of. But as far as I know it is less formal than the G20Its a lot like a parent teacher association meeting . They go to talk about official issues like funding for better gym equipment and how everyones children are doing but they also have a few cups of tea, a couple of biscuits and talk shit about the parents who arent there, and those who are but cant hear them. It really just an excuse to get important people in the same room in a less official or urgent capacity.The G20 is really where the real work happens these days, the G8 is 7 of the old guard + russia deciding what they tell the other 12 when the G20 sits down. The G7 represented the largest economies in the world , over time Canada should have been replaced by Spain, but we, uh, weren't. And eventually Canada will pass spain again, likely for good, as the population of Canada is growing faster than Spain. The 7 are all very rich both per capita and in total collectively, we have similar goals economically, because we have similar economies and economic schools of thought. Spain pretty much aligns with French/German/Italian interests. As time has gone on, and Russia, Brazil, China and India have gotten big and influential it has been time to add them into the fold. But they have different problems than the G7, they're still relatively poor, they're just very populous. And if you're going to let in those 4 you may as well let in a few others who represent the problems of various parts of the world and so on, hence the G20. Usually G8 meetings lead in to G20 meetings, where serious world economic policies get discusses. Macro policy stuff, not business deals. Trade liberalization, international security, global monetary policy, etc.
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the importance of landing a rocket on a barge
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You can launch it again without having to build a new one, or clean salt water residue out of it. It reduces the cost of going to space by a lot.The specific importance of the barge is saving tremendous amounts of fuel.rockets don't propel straight up from their launch pad. After launch they rotate anywhere between 45 and 90 degrees to escape the earths atmosphere faster. Also it's better to launch over water for safety purposes. To come back to a land site would have to completely reverse its direction to come back. Planning on landing in water and you can just put a barge roughly where the rocket should just fall back down. Then move the barge to a more precise location once you have all your numbers. It takes a lot of fuel to reland these rockets and you can't really adjust the power to land, you burn fuel and the goal is the run out of fuel at the exact moment of landing More fuel saved equates to more stuff we can put into space. While the goal of this is to reduce costs, it is still prohibitively expensive and every flight needs to maximize its load.
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Why do we get dizzy when we spin around?
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Your orientation in space is detected by fluid and calcium deposit movements in your inner ear. When you spin around and then stop, the fluid and stuff in your inner ear keep moving for a little while. . So your inner ear is telling your brain that you're still moving. Your eyes are telling your brain that you're standing still. Your brain is getting two conflicting inputs and it goes 'lol wut' and you get dizzy and sick.
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Planets that are gas giants.
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Gas giants keep their form the same way rocky planets do: gravity. But unlike Earth with its separate air and ocean, there are no concise borders between gas and liquid, or liquid and solid on gas planets. If you were to travel into a gas giant, you would notice gas in the atmosphere gradually thicken as you travel inward. This is due to atmospheric pressure increasing. At some depth, the atmospheric pressure is so high, and gas is so thick and condensed, that it is no longer gas, it is liquid. At an even lower depth, the liquid is so condensed that it becomes something resembling a solid. Not solid like a rock, solid like an extremely thick pudding that you can't drive your spaceship through. But sorry to say you can't even define the surface of a gas giant, let alone land on it!", 'Jupiter for example has a clouds of many chemicals, under that is a liquid hydrogen "ocean" deeper in that is metallic liquid hydrogen There is a rocky core, but it is tiny compared to the overall size.We can't really land on any of the gas giants do to pressure. but with changes in technology in the future who knows?
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Why do people try to time pictures instead of taking a video and capturing the parts they want?
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Pictures will typically have a higher image quality than frames of a video would have. Videos will often use the fact that we can't distinguish detail as much in a video as we can in a still.
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Why is did mike trout sign a deal for 1 million dollars in 2014 if he is arguably the best MLB player?
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He's a pre-arbitration player, meaning he has less than 3 years in the league. Pre-arbitration players don't get to shop around to different teams, they just take what their team gives them or they don't play. Having said that, $1M is the most any pre-arbitration player has ever earned, so it's actually an impressive feat.
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How does radium store light?
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Radium can only really be said to "store" light in a very roundabout way. Like all heavy elements, it was formed in the vast stellar explosion of a supernova; that's where the energy came from that is now being emitted as light. Radium is a radioactive element - it gives off radiation. This radiation can hit a substance called a phosphor and give energy to an electron. When the electron drops back down again, it gives off that energy as light. But radium-based glow in the dark paints don't take in light if you leave them in the sun. The energy that lets you see the watch dial comes from another star, long dead.It doesn't. What radium does is decay into radon gas, and the radiation released when it does so can be used to make fluorescent materials glow.
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Aside from the NSA spying, which we've all known or at least suspected for many years, how has Obama messed up?
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Disenchanted former Obama supporter here. * His failure to punish any of the illegal shenanigans that crashed the economy* His failure to punish any of the illegal shenanigans that occurred in the previous administration, especially with regard to torture* When it comes to civil liberties, it's not an exaggeration to say he's the worst president ever. Even worse than Bush, because at least Bush didn't claim the right to kill Americans [because he says so]. He's used the espionage act to silence whisteblowers. * He drove the democratic party off a cliff in order to pass a healthcare law which was a huge giveaway to insurance companies. In doing so, he guaranteed that he could not get any of his other legislative priority accomplished* It's hard to remember now, but early on in his administration, he was pretty cold on gay rights. I mean, Rick Warren was invited to his first inaugural, which caused a pretty nasty backlash. * His failure to close Guantanamo. * His failure to get us out of Afghanistan.
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why it takes longer to search my windows computer for a file than to google something.
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Indexing. Google has a huge, highly optimised database designed for the sole purpose of searching quickly. Even with indexing switched on, your computer doesn't have anywhere near as good a system. Speed. Your query to Google is dealt with by an extremely fast computer - many times as powerful as your home PC. Caching. Chances are that whatever you're searching, other people are also searching too. As a result Google has these results ready even faster. Your PC doesn't need to do this with search results, so searches from scratch each time.
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How a diet of grass, hay, bugs and other things in a pasture can turn cows into huge animals made of protein, fat, and make rich milk.
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plant cells have a bunch of protein. but it's not digestable by humans. cows eat 25 pounds of hay a day. and they chew that 25 pounds over and over. and then swallow it and digest it in their stomach. then throw it up and chew it again and again. then swallow and digest it for the 2nd time then 3rd..then 4th. and that's what they do all the waking hours of the day.
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"Prevent radiator boil-over, turn off air conditioner." How does that help when driving up a mountain pass?
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If your radiator is already close to boiling over, leaving the A/C on will cause the engine to do more work and generate more heat and push it over the edge. Just because it doesn't affect *your* vehicle doesn't mean it's not a problem for many others.
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When someone sues the government and wins, do tax payer dollars go towards the settlement? Do we pay for the actions of idiotic federal employees?
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Yes. Why *shouldn't* taxpayers have to cover it? They voted for the government officials whose job it was to keep the government from doing things it could get sued over.Police Officer here: As long as I follow my training, agency policy, and the law, I have immunity against lawsuits. That's why you usually see "John Smith vs The City of Los Angeles" instead of "John Smith vs Officer Kelv37". If it is determined that I acted outside of training or policy, I can be individually sued. Anyone can sue anyone at any time for almost any reasons. Often times cities will settle the lawsuit for less money than their projected cost of trial.If you are owed money from [the state of whatever] then you are owed money from [the state of whatever]. That applies whether it's North Dakota or Florida or the federal government. A government only has a few ways of generating revenue; taxes are a convenient way of doing so. So, yes. Sometimes government employees do really stupid stuff. And the government takes the blame.
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What is the process involved in joining the EU?
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The prospective state has to meet economic and social benchmarks. If the state has trouble meeting them the EU will help if the state seems serious. After the state meets the benchmarks the state hold a referendum to see if domestic audience wants to join the EU. EU votes to let state in. BTW, anything EU is a horrible ELI5 question because it is a bureaucratic nightmare.
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Why do the mouths of wild animals (bear, wolves, lions, etc.) smell so bad in comparison to humans?
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cause they don't floss and brush their teeth. that bit of tendon that come from the racoon a week ago is still stuck between his teeth. same like when you eat beef stew and that one sliver of meat just got between your teeth. except you use a toothpick or floss or brush it out.If you didnt brush your teeth after licking your butt you too would have bad breath. Seriously though it is as others have said, meat and other food particulate stuck in teeth rotting or being devoured by bacteria. It makes for a funky fresh scent.Bad breath is caused by tiny particles of food that stick to your tongue and gums. Over time they smell worse and worse. Chances are wild animals aren't brushing these away or using mouthwash to get rid of them.
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Why is Hispanic/Latino treated as a race in the media and elsewhere?
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Race is largely a social construct in the country that defines it. In the US, people from Latin America and Mexico are seen to share enough biological, social, and physical characteristics to be considered a 'race'. It's important to understand that while racial categories include an element of biology, they are not solely based on biological characteristics. Countries like South Africa have very different categories of racial groups than the US, and different ways of determining who falls into said groups.In English, at least American English usage, it is common utilize the definition of race that was used for centuries, dating back at least to Roman times. This definition is essentially a synonym for the word "ethnicity" and used to differentiate between tribal groups. Every tribe was a different race. This can be confusing because we also use the definition developed in the late 1800s and early 1900s where race is a category a tier higher than ethnicity that group many ethnicities together . Latinos are an ethnic group whose ancestry is descended from a European colonial power that spoke a Romance language. This is Spain and Portugal, but also France and Italy. Hispanics are a subset who are just the Spanish speaking portion. These terms technically apply to all of the "parent" nations as well as their colonies if they have kept speaking the language though they are normally reserved for the former colonies in the Americas and often reserved for only the Spanish and Portuguese colonies.*Only in the USA. We just call ourselves whites, it's only when we go to America that we are told we are not white but a separate race. I've always found it to be a weird level of racism. In my opinion it's simple done to oppress us.Because they are. A race is a group of people who share a distinct physical or social characteristic. People who share a language, culture and physical qualities like skin colour are usually a race.
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Why are the search results when googling an unknown phone number so terrible?
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I actually think google intentionally obfuscates results. Back in the day, googling phone numbers worked *awesome*. It was one of the first "best answer" things at the top of the page. Quite suddenly it stopped working.
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What exactly is Neuro-linguistic Programming?
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think of it like a system to "fake it til you make it" and changing how you frame your thoughts. people try to deride it as pseudo-science, but it does actually work on some levels. feeling down about something? stand up straight and speak assertively, youll feel better, things like that. one of the things i took away from it is the change of thought processes. namely switching from "i cant do that" to "i cant do that *right now*." one stops you from finding solutions, while the other opens up your creative processes read "unlimited power" by tony robbins. a life changing book if you actually put the stuff in there into practice And, of course, leave to reddit for more info. /r/NLP
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What is Obama's reasoning behind drones, and why can't the US just pull its troops out of the Middle East? What will happen?
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Drones are typically used to target militant commanders in the hard to access tribal regions of Pakistan. They allow the US to conduct recon in the area for longer periods without the risk of losing a pilot. Drones have also been used in Yemen to target the growing influence of Al-Qaeda in the Arab peninsula. The US troop influence in the region is propping up friendly Middle Eastern governments. The sudden removal of these troops would likely create a power vacuum in which a variety of factions would seek to challenge the weak US backed governments. If these governments fall you would see the rise of a variety of governments that could threaten the stability of the region for a variety of reasons. The destabilization of the region would have economic consequences for the Western world.
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why does a car battery die if you leave your head lights on over night, but it can last no problem driving 12 hours straight/through the night with the head lights on and music playing?
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Because you have an alternator that powers the systems while the car is running. When the car is off, it's draining the battery.The battery is not being used to power anything while the car is running. It is only there to start the engine. Running the engine does not increase battery life to infinity. When the car is running, the alternator charges the battery as well as power the electrical systems. You can think of the alternator as a gas-powered electrical generator.Your engine powers your car but it also powers your battery keeping it charged . Turn off your engine and the battery stops getting charged. Personal experience: if your car is running and your battery still dies, your alternator isn't working.
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How does "the shot" (birth control) last so long?
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If you want to look at metabolism and excretion of any drug, check out the pharmacokinetics section. From the article, I'd guess * Because it binds well to proteins in blood plasma, it's harder for the kidneys to filter out the drug * Intramuscular and subcutaneous route avoid enterohepatic recirculation, where the drug is constantly run through the liver, with only a fraction of the drug entering the main bloodstream with each pass. I would guess this is why the oral half life is a matter of hours. * The drug also has a higher affinity for its cellular receptor than natural progesterone, which means that it stays in the cell, regulating DNA expression for longer than progesterone. There's probably way more to this that's above my head though. Source: Biomedical Sciences student that's forgotten his Pharmacology module already.
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Why does most commercial airplanes are white painted and not a non-natural color ocurring in the sky (clouds)?
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Largely its for thermal protection. White reflects more of the sun, keeping the aircraft cooler sitting on the tarmac. Airplanes fly high enough you are marginally more exposed to radiation from the sun. Having a coat of paint protects against that. Also, lighter colours make it easier to see stress fractures or leaking fluids.Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [Why are airplanes white? ]1. [Why are planes almost always white? ]1. [ELI5: Why are most jetliners painted white? ]
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How does anticipation alter my perception of the passing of time?
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Your perception of time comes after the time has past. If the whole way to a location you are constantly checking how much longer is left, you will remember a lot of the wait. On the way back, your thoughts are else where and you don't have as many memories of the ride.
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Why is the Australian dollar so weak against the British pound?
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No, the Aussie dollar is pretty strong against the pound, currently sitting at 55 pence. It is always a mistake to compare currencies absolute values, as these are a result of history. The difference in this case is because Australia switched to decimal currency back in 1966, and with currency being more valuable back then, they chose to make the new dollar equal to 10 shillings, or half the previous non-decimal currency, the Australian Pound. England changed to decimal currency in 1971, and retained the name 'pound' for their currency - which meant that they started with their decimal pound equal to 20 shillings. With ups and downs since then the relative values of the Australian dollar and the English Pound hasn't really changed.
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Instead of using voltage converters, why can't battery manufacturers create batteries to tailor the device? (or why is there no 5v battery but 1.2, 1.5, 9, 12, etc)
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The voltage a battery produces depends on the chemicals involved. A zinc/copper cell, for example, produces 1.1V. Doesn't matter how big or small it is, that's the voltage that you get when you make a liquid cell with those chemicals. A larger zinc/copper battery can generate more current than a smaller one, but the voltage is the same. You can make batteries of different voltages by layering cells. Two zinc/copper cells wired in series makes a 2.2V battery, three make a 3.3V battery, four make 4.4V, and so on. You're stuck with increments of 1.1V, though, unless you change what chemicals you're using, in which case you'll be stuck with increments of a different voltage. So, in general, we are limited to certain battery voltages because of the availability of materials. The engineers might want a 4V battery, but if zinc/copper is the most cost-effective material to use, they adjust and work with 4.4V or 3.3V or whatever instead.
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Why does it feel different to heat my home to 74 degrees than to cool my home to 74 degrees?
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There is a big difference, and that is the temperature of your surroundings - walls, floor, furniture etc. The air may be 74degrees, but the surroundings may be colder or hotter. Why that matters is due to mechanisms of heat transfer. There are two ways how heat does transfer: 1. by conductivity - when objects touch, or heat flows from one part of the object to another 2. by heat radiation ) - by emitting electromagnetic waves, which are in the temperatures we are talking about somewhere in infra-red Your feel of temperature is basically amount of heat you lose vs the amount of heat you gain. You can lose heat by conductivity - you are in touch with air, floor , by radiation and by other means . You gain heat also by conductivity and by absorbing EM radiation - most significantly, from sun. But if you are in shade , you must remember that all the furniture and walls etc also "shine" - in infra-red. The amount of energy that your surroundings radiate is determined by their temperature. So if the surroundings are colder, you get less heat from them. Therefore, the air inside of your house can be 74 degrees, but it does feel different depending on the temperature of your surroundings, because the amount of heat you gain from them is determined by their temperature.
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Why do humans get the same flu? Don't our bodies make an antivirus?
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"The flu" is just a very broad term for the actual Flu Virus. There are many strains of it and it is very very good At evolving and changing itself. We have flu shots which are essentially a flu vaccine for whatever flu strains they think are going to be the biggest danger that flu season. As time goes on the virus changes and we see different flu vaccines.
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How do build updates work?
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When you write software, you write a program in human readable text . That text is fed into a program that turns it into an executable that a computer can actually run. Large software projects can have hundreds, if not thousands of source files worked on by a large number of people. [For example, here's the public version of Reddit's source]. Every time you collect *all* those parts and compile them, it's called a "build". Periodically, you decide a build is worth releasing - maybe it has new features or fixes some critical bugs. That build then gets a bunch of testing to make sure that nothing else broke. If everyone's satisfied that it works right , it get pushed out. If you're talking about software with multiple parts - like a game that has clients and servers - the two parts are often kept in sync with each other. The back-end server might require clients to be running the new build in order to connect. It could be because there's some sort of major change in the communication protocol or critical new features **or** it could just be the company's decision to make sure everyone's running the same version of the software to avoid cheating or redundant bug reports. There's no real generalization for the changes you're going to see between builds. It could be something as little as fixing a typo in some message or as major as a complete rewrite of everything from the ground up.
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How fast does new fat form after you've eaten a big meal?
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I'll answer your original question 12-24 hours and you'll have stored the excess calories as fat. Depending on the source of those calories the amount of time it take for your body to break down the nutrients differs. If you consume enough calories to gain weight you'll see the weight gain on the scale by the same time the next day. I can go into more depth later if you would like. Source- double majored in Exercise Science and Nutrition for undergrad and am working on my masters in nutrition right now. I should actually be reading now Edit-since this post is at the top here are some helpful nutrition links.[Nutrition Data website][Journal of the International Society on Sports Nutrition][AMA with Gary Taubes on sugar]
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How does charging a phone for too long make the battery life significantly shorter?
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In modern phones, it doesn't. They have smart systems that stop charging at 100% and let the battery drop some before charging again. It keeps the battery from being damaged. But phone batteries do like to be "exercised" and discharged down to 20 or 30% and recharged from there.If you tried to charge a 100% battery the extra energy could damage the battery. So modern batteries stop receveing energy when they reach 100%. In a laptop this means the electricity will ignore the battery and will go direct to the laptop. But a phone just takes electricity from the battery , this means that when the battery reach 100% and stop charging it will go down to 99% 98% an then will charge again this cycle of 100%- > 99%- > 100 % will burn through the recharges amount a battery can have. BUT I don't know if the modern batteries have a system that stops that or minimize so much that ends up not affecting the life of battery at all.
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Why do we feel weak when we haven't eaten?
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Once your body kicks into starvation mode , a lot of hormonal changes start. Your liver and muscles start consuming glycogen stores, and then start metabolizing fats and proteins. Your body starts to get really conservative in how it expends its energy - without an epinephrine kick, it won't really commit to most actions, resulting in that "weak" feeling. tl;dr - you're low on gas, and your body doesn't wanna spend what it has leftYour blood sugar level drops, which means the amount of energy readily available to your muscles is actually lower. You feel weak because you actually are weak.
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If protein is what builds muscle, why do we need to eat at a caloric surplus?
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Your body can convert proteins into glucose. If you are in a caloric deficit, then this will be going on. Proteins turned into glucose is protein that cannot be used for muscle. Having a caloric surplus ensures that you do not have a caloric deficit, so very little of the protein gets turned into glucose, so it can be used for other bodily functions, like repairing and building muscle tissue. [This article] talks about a study that tested this. Two groups in rough shape put on a 40% caloric deficit. One group on high protein diet, the other on a normal diet. The high protein group put on ~2.5lbs of muscle while losing 10.5 lbs of fatCalories are required for your body to do work. Anabolic pathways require calories and protein is the building block for muscleProtein builds muscle, but it takes energy for your body to convert dietary protein into muscle. That energy comes from calories in the food you consume.
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What's a "Basic Bitch"?
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Mainstream; kind of the opposite of a hipster. The typical Basic Bitch is the Ugg and yoga pant wearing girl in her 20s with a Starbucks coffee.Kinda seems like just a female obedient consumer. Likes what she's told to like, buys what she's told to buy. Dead center of the bell curve, biggest marketing target. When I was in junior high all the guys wore surf shirts, nowhere near the ocean, never surfed. Kinda the same phenomenon. But the criticism is an easy target and makes people feel special by comparison, belittling others to exalt themselves. Not really new, just an offensive word tacked onto a snap judgment.
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- If intelligent life visited Earth, how would we communicate if we assume the scenario that they spoke another language?
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Math! It doesn't matter what you speak as intelligent beings one must understand that if you have one thing, and then you have another thing, you must have 2 things. And since we would have the common base line, we can derive everything else. Now they probably wouldn't have numbers like we do, you wouldn't be able to show them 1+1=2 because 1, 2, = and + probably do not exist in their language at all. But you could on a sheet of paper, write out that equation, then grab objects that are similar and place them out. 1 penny under 1, 1 penny under the other 1, and then move them both under the two. A few more examples and you start to lay the groundwork for all arithmetic. Assuming the aliens were keeping up eventually we would have a lot of concepts in common. Think Close Encounters of the 3rd kind, but using math instead. This is, of course, assuming a few things that really can't be assumed. 1. we assume that the visitors can interact with us physically in some way This may not be the case. 2. They conceptualize mathematics as we do. See, it should go without saying that one thing plus one thing is 2 things, but a different set of rules may govern the universe that the visitors come from 3. They are willing to cooperate with us and learn with us. However, there lies the possibility that advance intelligent life would be far more advanced than us, like the gap between humans and sea cucumbers. You wouldn't waste your time trying to teach a sea cucumber to read and write Hopefully understanding mathematics will lead the visitors to acknowledge that we are capable of learning But yeah. Mathematical.
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When someone tells you to see "a doctor," how do you know which kind?
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Typically, you'll go to your main doctor, who is a General Practitioner. They're the general "doctor," who have a wide knowledge of many medical things. If that doctor sees something wrong, they might refer you to a specialist. Specialists are doctors, too, but they have a *very* deep knowledge of a fairly limited field. So if someone says "go see a doctor" about, say, losing vision in one eye coupled with migraines You'll see your GP, who will probably refer you to a neurologist , and possibly an ophthalmologist . The eye doctor may determine that there's nothing wrong with your eye, which the neurologist will read about and then determine that you need more testing, at which point you might end up with an oncologist . In the medical field, everyone knows their limits and knows how to send you to someone who can help you further. Or they're supposed to, anywayGeneral Practitioner first. He will refer you if needed to another doctor. Or, if you want to know which doctors specialize in which fields: Cardiologist: Heart problems. Pulmonologist: Lung Problems. Hematologist: Blood Problems. Orthopedist: Bone Problems. Dermatologist: Skin Problems. Optometrist: Eye Problems. Psychiatrist: Mental Problems. Neurologist: Pain or nerve damage/lack of sensation. I am not a doctor. Do NOT take this as medical adviceUsually, you can just go to your general practitioner. Part of his job is to refer you to a specialist if necessary, but he could solve most issues as well.
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How does the Volkswagen exhaust gas scam work?
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From what I have read , VW knowingly added in a defeat device to their diesel vehicles to turn on the clean filtering system for the exhaust when monitoring equipment was hooked up to the cars. When the testing equipment is not hooked up, the cars give off emissions that are WAY above the legal limit. Some initial estimates are that the emissions are 10-40x the legal limits when the filters aren't running. The reason they did this, from what I understand, is that the cars are actually FAR less efficient when they are filtering properly, making their EPA fuel economy estimates completely bogus and giving people no reason to purchase a diesel vehicle in the first place. I bought mine because it was supposedly a super low emissions vehicle that had great fuel economy . Turns out this was a big lie and now I'm stuck with a car that no one will want and will no longer have good fuel economy once I get this issue fixed. Sucks.
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- Why aren't all of the months in numerical sequence from most to least?
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I'm not sure about this 100%, but this is how I understand it: Originally, there were ten months. January and February were originally a monthless period because no crops would grow. This is why September - December are named the way they are . So, February was the "last" month created, and therefore has the least amount of days, and the whole leap day thing. Apart from that, the length of days in each month alternates from 31 to 30, with the exception of July and August which both have 31. Legend has it that Augustus Caesar refused to lend his name to a month that had fewer days than that of Julius Caesar's, forcing calendar makers to break the sequence.Alternating sequences are easier to keep track of IMO. 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 30 etc. is easier than 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, because there is a reasonable pattern. Truth is, it was just decided that this was the best way. I'm not sure there is a documented reason.You ask "why not," I ask "why?" It doesn't really make any difference, does it?
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Why does putting a wooden spoon over a boiling pot prevent the water from spilling over?
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It breaks the surface tension of the water before it spills over the edges.The spoon breaks the surface tension of the water, so bubbles can't form as quickly. It doesn't completely prevent water from spilling over, but it slows it down.
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Water Loss due to Agriculture?
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You're right and wrong. The water used in agriculture is not destroyed. Almost nothing we do destroys water permanently. The water participates in the plant's transpiration cycle, is used to build parts of the plant, and is released as water vapor into the atmosphere, where it eventually goes and rains on someone . Or for the water incorporated into the plant's tissues, digestion, rotting, or even burning, will release it. So it all comes back. That's where you're wrong. However, you are right that water can be moved from very useful locations and states, to less useful locations and states. Water in a reservoir in southern California is very, very useful, because lots of very dry cities and agricultural counties desire it. Water raining on me in Seattle is a lot less useful, because we have more than enough. Water in the ocean is the same. So it is definitely possible to overuse water in local areas, thereby moving it from places you want it, to places you don't.
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What causes economic inflation?
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Demand causes inflation. People want things. Since there is a fixed amount of things, the price for those things goes up. This rising of prices is called "inflation". A low amount of inflation is considered "normal and healthy" for an economic, indicating growth of demand that is controlledInflation is the devastating condition when prices just keep going up, eating away at your standard of living. There are three main causes: demand-pull, cost-push, and monetary expansion. Demand pull inflation If the economy is at or close to full employment then an increase in AD leads to an increase in the price level. As firms reach full capacity, they respond by putting up prices leading to inflation. Cost Push Inflation If there is an increase in the costs of firms, then firms will pass this on to consumers. There will be a shift to the left in the AS. Monetary expansion. Monetary policy is referred to as either being expansionary or contractionary, where an expansionary policy increases the total supply of money in the economy more rapidly than usual, and contractionary policy expands the money supply more slowly than usual or even shrinks itThe concluding paragraph says, "The lack of inflation may be an indication that the economy is weakening." I realize this is a generalization and can be correct, but prices of raw material and finished goods can come down as a result of competition, technology and process efficiencies all within a healthy, growing economy. All while keeping wages and profits flat to growing.
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Why do strangers want to follow me on Twitter?
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They don't have an interest in following you, they're either ways of getting you to go to some site or they're people who follow you in hopes you'll follow them so they can up their number of followers for some reason this is valuable to people.
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Why do I get drunk easier at home?
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In the study of mind altering drugs, there is the idea that the effect of a drug is affected by the "set and setting". This means that people taking the same drug in different social situations and under moods or with different expectations would feel different effects or different levels of effects. So when you are drinking with friends, you are more likely to be in a social situation and to be happy, so the euphoric effect of the alcohol would be felt more strongly, also the social and upbeat setting would distract you from and counteract the depressive effects of alcohol . But when you are drinking alone, you are more likely to be in a more subdued mood, so the depressive effects of the alcohol would be felt more strongly. Also when you are at home, there is nothing to distract you from the depressive effects of alcohol, so you would notice your drunkenness immediatelyWell, to answer the question in the title, you get drunk easier at home because of your price ceiling. Price Ceiling: The price of drinks at a bar is significantly inflated and you, being the rational consumer that you are, will not be willing to pay $10 for a Budweiser Platinum When you realize instead that for $6, you can buy a six pack of Goldmine at Whole Foods, get drunk at home, eat microwaveable burritos and play video games.
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How dog show judging works!
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There's nothing really the home viewer can watch for, unless they are experts of a certain class of dog. Basically, each breed of dog were bred to perform a certain function which separates the different breeds into classes.. Each judge looks for certain standards defined by the breed type or the class type. These can be very superficial as well as the physical shape of the dog, including paw size, tail length, ear shape etc. These standards are derived from the parent clubs of the breeds. Edit: So, for example, lets say we have the toy class. We're looking at a Shih Tzu and a Pomeranian. The Shih Tzu may win out over the Pom because the Tzu's ear shape was more inline with the standards for it's own breed than the Pom's ears with its standards. That's just one example.
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How is it at all possible that a criminal could sue if they get hurt in the process of trying to steal/commit crime?
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The frequency in which is happens is highly overstated, and even when a lawsuit is successful, it is usually overturned on appeal. Criminals actually seeing a dime from a lawsuit like this is very rare. I can think of two situations where the criminal might have a case: * A non-criminal could have hurt in the same way - if you slipped and fell on a wet spot while just walking along, it doesn't make a difference if you were carrying a bunch of shoplifted loot* Reckless disregard for human life - after being robbed, the property owner intentionally loosened the skylight, hoping the next thief would fall
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Why does diarrhea need to come out RIGHT F*CKIN' NOW, but regular poo is cool to chill for a lil bit?
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Because you only get the urge to poop when the feces pushes on the internal anal sphincter. Most of the time, feces is stored in the descending portion of the large intestine, far away from the sphincter, but every once in a while, intestine muscles will push the feces into the rectum where it will push against the sphincter and you get an urge to poop. However, if you hold it and don't poop, the intestine muscles pushes the feces back into the colon, and that urge to poop passes. However, with watery diarrhea, it pools right into the rectum, where it produces a continuous poop signal .It's nothing to do with it being hard to hold liquid poo in. A series of contractions move poo through your intestines. As it travels along, your intestines absorb water , which makes it less liquid. What happens when you have the runs is that the contractions in your intestines are moving the poo along too fast. That means that not only are your intestines saying "poo this out!" more urgently, there's also less time for them to absorb water from the poo, so it's runnier. That's why treatments like immodium work by slowing the contractions of your intestine. Link: _URL_0_ELI5: Why does this thread make me want to poop?ELI5: Your butt is accustomed to poop, which is normally solid. Diarrhea is mostly liquid. Holding liquid is difficult. Think about the difference between holding a candy bar in your hand versus water.When you have diarhhea your body is responding to something it doesn't like. You body what to get it out as soon as possible. Almost like how vomiting, sneezing, and coughing is your bodies response to something it wants out.For similar reasons vomit must come out *RIGHT FUCKING NOW*There is something in your system that your body is trying to get rid of. That is why diarrhea comes out so quickly, your body needs to get rid of the problem as fast as it can.
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How do bank stress tests work?
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Basically, they take the bank's account/spreadsheet info and run some simulations - stuff like "what if 10% of your customers default on loan payments?". These simulations are able to show whether the bank can cope with a mini-crisis, or whether they should have more money reserved for a mini-crisisMost major banks hold a large number of *positions*, which are basically open trades on the stock market. These are obviously subject to various market risks which could cause the bank to lose lots of money, so every single day they perform a risk assessment of these positions. This is typically done by large software systems which use historical as well as current market data to try to model how much risk the bank is currently exposed to. The bank can then manage this risk by, for example, asking for collateral from clients on behalf of which it is acting as a broker. A stress test is one of the many ways in which risk is assessed. Software attempts to simulate how positions might be affected by worst case or at least very stressful hypothetical and also historical market conditions and situations. Essentially it attempts to answer questions such as "*How much money would we lose on these trade positions if this large financial institution suddenly went bust?*" or "*How much would we lose if these interest rates suddenly doubled?*"
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Why is it common for bears to be hit by trains?
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Oh there is a simple explanation for this. Bears are the king of their land. They grow up being able to fight and kill anything in there area. Think about. Ever try to fight a bear? You will lose. It is a matter of pride to defeat any foe before them. Eventually some mature veteran fighting bears will run out of victims. Thus they find the train as the ultimate competition and try to fight the trains in there land.I didn't realize this was a particular problem, but as for why: Plenty of humans get killed by trains every year underestimating the trains speed, and that is a species that understands: Train whistle= approaching large machine. Train track I'm on = even if the train is curving or hidden by trees this means the train will pass right here. Train will not slow down or stop if i raise up on my hind legs to intimidate it like everything else ive ever met. I cannot outrun it in a straight line the way i can with almost anything else. A bear knows none of those things. It is used to being top dog where things run fro. It not to it. And it isn't used to being hunted ao it has more of a straight line escape pattern than the zig zag prey uses. All these things make it unlikely to be able to get out of the way even if it comprehends the danger it's in.
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Why does the urge to pee increases the closer you come to your home?
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It’s psychological. Compare it with craving a cigarette. You want it more if you see a person smoking, hear the word “smoking”, or get a random association with the act . Getting closer to home makes you think about peeing, which increases the urge.
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