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Why do male orgasms get more intense in relatively short amounts of succession?
Well everyone is different. Wildly so, in fact. Some people are capable of sustaining multiple, repeating orgasms of increasing intensity. This is more common in women, but certainly possible in men. Others can only have one orgasm of great intensity, after which they lose sexual stimulation for a long refractory period. What you experience is relatively rare compared to the general male population. But the reason they escalate in intensity is probanly because none of these are "true" orgasms that kick off a refractory period. Theyre more like partial orgasms that heighten sexual stimulation and pleasure, so the orgasms continue to build in pleasure until the satiation signal is triggered.It's a set of chemical responses within the nervous system that trigger other physiological responses. Generally, those regions responsible for chemical signals become more active and able to do so. A good analogy for this might be working out your muscles. As you do some warmup exercises, you're actually able to lift more weight than at the beginning of a workout. Then you get tired. Of course there is a refractory period for reserves of the transmitters in those regions to build back up, among other things, much like seeing a bright light depletes the chemicals in your retinas so you have to wait until you can see again. To go back to the muscle analogy, this would be hitting a hard set of reps until you can't lift the weight anymore. In the short term, the chemicals are depleted, but the muscles are getting extra blood and signals now so the strength increases. Lather, rinse, repeat. No wait, don't lather everyone knows soap is a bad idea here
Why is there no standard for which side the gas tank is on on a car?
For the most part, the gas tank is centered on the frame. What you're probably thinking of is where the gas cap is, which generally will depend on the manufacturer. U/aykprod [answered that one].
How do airport scans actually work?
Congratulations on making it onto a watch list! Without saying anything too classified, density. Density of materials is almost like a finger printThe new full-body scanners use millimeter-wave radiation to detect items based on their density. Anything that is more dense than the surrounding matter will show up on the image. There is some controversy about the health impacts of these machines, especially for frequent flyers.
How can you be sure that it is safe to give your credit card number to customer service online or over the phone?
As someone who used to do this for a living - you can never be 100% sure, but that doesn't mean the companies don't have a load of policies in place to minimize the danger. Company I used to work for, we weren't allowed to read back the number , everything got recorded, we had a certain kind of criminal background check to even work there etc. Does that mean that someone couldn't steal those credit card numbers? No. Someone who is very motivated could probably still do it, but the policies *do* minimize the danger and they also usually set up things in such a way that if you credit card number is stolen, they will have a good chance of finding out who did it.
Why do I find things funnier when I'm tired?
Same reason you find everything funnier when you're drunk- impaired judgement.We call that "slap happy" in my family. I distinctly remember when I was about 7, my grandmother and I staying up far too late and someone made a rhyme on accident and it just spiralled out of control until we were giggling hystericallyI may be just guessing at what impaired judgement means here, but my theory is that your brain just makes lesser checks while tired/drunk. So it doesn't do a pass of "Do I look silly? Is laughing right now inappropriate? Is this even really funny? Am I better than this? Is anyone else laughing with me?" etc. It just laughs.
Why is Tony Abbott (Prime Minister of Australia) so hated?
Where to start? He attacked the previous Prime Minister for being too controlling of his MPs. One of the first things Abbott did when he became PM was to order his MPs to not speak to the media without running it past him first. He attacked the previous government for not being transparent enough. One of the other things he did upon becoming PM was stop government information being given to the public. This is information that was just automatically available to the public. Want to know how much money the government is spending? TOO BAD! Want to know how many "illegal" boats have arrived? TOO BAD! He attacked the previous government over how much money it was spending. Upon becoming PM he increased government spending and raised the debt ceiling by something like $200 billion. He wants to get rid of this thinking in schools and go back to the good ol\' days where the teacher taught you something and to pass you needed to give the one and only correct answer. Critical thinking is for commies! He massively cut science funding and described most of science as being crap. While in opposition he said that politicians and governments shouldn't be afraid of the media . Now that the ABC isn't painting a rosy picture of his government he's stated that the ABC is unAustralian and unpatriotic and he's announced funding cuts to the ABC. The list goes on and on and on and on. Edit - Here's a good one. He claimed, after being attacked by the public and the media for being anti gay, that he doesn't oppose same sex marriage, he just doesn't think it's a priority in today's economic climate . The Australian Capital Territory passed a bill allowing same sex marriage. Remember, Abbott claimed he wasn't against it. Anyway, when the bill was passed Abbott ran as fast as he could to the High Court of Australia to get them to overturn the bill.
How does Imodium work?
They decrease the water absorption in the intestine. A lot of water and nutrients are absorbed by the intestines, and Imodium basically reduces the absorption of the water. That's also why they're so dangerous if taken in a large dosis.
why there seems to be no patent war in the car industry.
General Motors [patented electric car batteries and never used them], so their competition couldn't either. I think this is even worse than patent warring.
Why aren't beers required by law to have nutritional info on their label?
Foods are regulated by the FDA. The FDA requires nutritional labeling on foods. Beer is regulated by the BATFE. The BATFE does not require nutritional labeling on beer - in fact, doesn't want it, because it would give the impression that beer is food.In part because the ingredients that went into it aren't what's in the bottle. That's because the part people make is the sweet wort, which is then fed to yeast. The yeast eat the sugars and interact with the ingredients in ways that make a list of "original" ingredients misleading. You can put an extra 5 pound bag of sugar into a beer and the yeast will eat ALL of it and make alcohol/carbon dioxide. If you put that sugar on the label , the carb counts would be insane. And wrong. This actually comes up in many articles about carbs/beer/diabetes. Articles talk about how much maltose is in beer, completely ignoring the fact that nearly all of that maltose was where the alcohol and bubbles came from.
November day light savings time
You definitely gain the extra hour. Give him an example. Say you forget to change your clock the previous night. You wake up at 6, realize it's daylight savings, set the clock back to 5, then sleep until 6 again.We set the clocks back an hour to gain an hour, saving an hour of daylight because the sun begins to set earlier later in the year. This was thought of a long long time ago, before electricity was a thing so that people could continue to work with that "extra" hour if light. So the day of the change, yes, we gain an hour. Then it doesn't really make a difference until savings time ends, and then we lose an hour
How Momentum is Conserved when Light Refracts
When light refracts at the boundary, it also reflects. This reflected light carries momentum which then satisfies momentum conservation.
Why is ice cream soft when it's first opened but harden after you put in back in the freezer?
When ice cream is made it's constantly churned while being frozen, the churning process breaks up the ice crystals into small pieces making the ice cream soft, when you put partially melted ice cream in the freezer there is no churning so large ice crystals develop leaving you with hard ice cream.
Why does my barber hand me a warm wet towel when he finishes cutting my hair?
I would assume so you can wipe the stray hairs off your face and neck? My barber just blasts me in the face with a hair dryer.
How does Youtube channels like "WatchMojo" earn money when all their videos contain copyrighted materials?
Youtuber here. Watchmojo is their own youtube Network. When you join a network, you are assigned a custom id under your youtube network. The ID number is what youtube references. As long as your content falls under the approved media for that ID number, you can monetize. If Watchmojo has these various forms of media covered under their custom id, which they probably do since a majority of films, tv programs and so on are owned by a handful of massive companies, they monetize their videos. This is the same reason Cinemasins can monetize their content. Edit: ClarificationThe give credit on each scene they show , for example 20th century fox)', "There are certain exceptions that can be made to copyright law, including but not limited to: Parody or critique of work, which allows people such as cinemasins to use clips and still monetize. Archival reproduction of broadcasts, which is why taping shows wasn't illegal. 'Personal study', meaning you can't be put in jail for photocopying a textbook or taking a picture of a coke ad etc. There are others. The general rule for copyright law is that it is designed so no-one can steal content, and people receive far compensation when their work is used but so that tinkering and further creativity is still permitted. In reality it doesn't always work out that way though. [Source]", 'They explain this very question in an episode of their show: [WMFAQ Ep. 15]
Why are bitter citrus fruit harder to peel?
The bitter ones we humans haven't cultivated into tasty fruits that are easy to eat. The closer to natural you go, the less sweet and harder to peel citrus get.Genetic patterns suggest the four original parents of the citrus varieties we have today are citron, pummelo, mandarin, and papeda. Generally the sweeter varieties you 'd be familiar with like oranges and clementines have more mandarin parentage, grapefruits have more pummelo parentage, and lemons have more citron parentage. From _URL_0_: > " mandarins are therefore all the more important as the **only sweet fruit** among the parental species." Mandarins happened to have thinner skin which means easier peeling, and selective breeding amplified thisThis is not necessarily the case. The kumquat is an extremely bitter citrus fruit, yet it is not all that difficult to peel. **Edit:** Ironically, the rind itself is actually sweeter than the fruit.One might think it's part of the same evolution that has them be sour -- so creatures don't eat them. Really, it's probably more just because they were bred with certain traits that were beneficial, and the thicker peel was not a significant detriment.
How do lottery ticket companies make sure their workers don't track down the winning tickets that they print?
A computer prints the numbers on the scratchoff tickets as they roll through the printing presses at a thousand tickets a minute and the machine also coats the tickets with the scratch off coating in the same process. So when they come out of the press all the employee sees is the completed tickets in a giant stack. They have no way of knowing which tickets are winners unless they are upper management of the company who program the software. Those employees are heavily scrutinized at all times to make sure there is no way they can cheat the system.
why do some animals like cats give birth to multiple offspring but humans usually only have one baby per pregnancy?
Place on the food chain. Prey animals will have more offspring to account for losses from predators. Imagine a grizzly bear having 10 cubs a few times a year.
Why do sounds go deeper when slowed down & higher pitched when sped up?
Sound is a wave and pitch is caused by distance between the compressions of the wave. A shorter distance means a higher pitch. It's not so much causation as definition. Simple sound editing software only compresses the waveform when speeding up, pushing compressions together, resulting in higher pitch. This is done so that the sound lasts a shorter time, hence is sped up. Better software also reduces the number of compressions so that pitch remains the same. Like a multiply by x followed by divide by x.
Are facial expressions natural or a construct of our society?
[Studies show] certain facial expressions are universal. A study of blind people has shown that "anger, contempt, disgust, sadness, surprise and multiple types of smiles" were consistent across the seeing and non-seeing.Most facial expressions are universal and the same across all of humanity. They're from deep in our history, long before language or even really culture. There are slightly cultural differences, but they are pretty minor. For example, everyone smiles and laughs when happy, but some cultures laugh loudly and others tend to laugh more demurely.Theyre natural. People who are blind from birth still smile.I'm happy someone asked about one of my favorite subjects. ELI5: in the same way you never have to learn that when something tickles you squirm or when you need to pee you go to the toilet, you never have to learn that you smile when you are happy.. All people around the world are born with all the facial expressions that are triggered by emotions, but others can be learned . Someone from USA will express emotions through the same facial expressions as someone from France, China, Russia, or even totally isolated tribes in Amazonas. Facial expressions are nature, not nurture. Human beings all across the world all express emotions through the same facial expressions without ever being learned how to do it, and it is unconsciously triggered. Some facial expressions, such as smiling, is even almost impossible to fake and can only be triggered by emotions. If you more curious about the subject I suggest you pick up Emotions Revealed by Paul Ekman or any of his other books. Feel free to ask questions if you have any", 'They are results of our biology. Both physiologically and because of muscular structure, a smile is a smile.
How does difference in air pressure affect cloud formation?
What exactly do you mean by "differences in pressure"? Differences in pressure cause wind and the wind can indirectly affect cloud formation. However, the main factors in cloud formation are differences in temperature at different altitudes, terrain , and weather fronts .
- how do engineer come up with names for different parts?
Engineering names for parts are usually descriptive of the design or function of a part. Thus an "oil filter" filters the oil in a car. Perhaps if you had an interesting example you could get an interesting explanation.
What it takes for a Third World city to achieve good governance and a high quality of life for its residents ?
There is an entire academic discipline devoted to this question. If anyone had a definitive, ELI5-able answer for it, they'd probably have a Nobel prize coming.
Why does it make a difference in taste, if the water I brew tea with has boiled or not?
It's about temperature and solubility. Coffee is the same way, you're toeing a fine line with certain flavor compounds that come out at certain temps. For instance, if you boil the water, once it's all mixed in with the tea leaves it'll sit at say 204F , this is hot enough to get all of the good flavors out of black tea, but in mate will draw out bitter compounds, if you use water that hasn't boiled and it's steeping at 190F then it won't be hot enough to draw all of the desired compounds out of black tea, but will be perfect for mate because it won't draw out the bitter compounds.
How were cartoon sound effects produced such as those from Hannah-Barbera and 80's-90's anime?
They had people called "foley artists" who would record unique sounds. Some of these sounds would be kept in a library of sounds that could be reused, other sounds would be recorded specifically for individual purposes. They 'd use anything and everything imaginable. People still do it today, and it's not just cartoons. _URL_0_ Some sounds are really obvious, like walking on concrete. Other things you have to improvise more. Like, the sound of walking on snow might not sound enough like walking on snow- sounds contradictory, but sometimes real sounds aren't as exaggerated as we 'd want them to be. So maybe for walking on snow they'll instead walk on crackers, or maybe in molasses, or maybe in bread dough. Whatever sounds rightMainly from voice acting, different music instruments and what they could get
Why do i sometimes hear voices in my head when trying to sleep?
Very few schizophrenics hear voices the way you describe them despite common misconceptions. So please ignore those fears. Instead you are engaging in a very common phenomena know as a pre-sleep dream or Hypnagogia. During the onset of sleep the brain fires impulses despite relaxation occurring and produces small figments of dreams. I often have vivid lucid dreams personally, but others experience a whole range of effects, from eyesight changes to even sounds and twitches.Good ole reddit. Once again showing me that the whacked-out shit I go through may very well not be whacked-out after all. Or maybe it is, but at least I'm not alone.
Why are white rats mainly used for studies instead of other rodent species?
Lab rats are often of a particular strain, or a family that mice are taken from that are as genetically identical as possible. This is to be able to conduct effective studies on the effect of individual genes, and partly to limit the effect of genetic diversity in influencing the results of trials. Several of these strains, though not all, were derived from albino ratsThey are a standadized lab rat, bred for this purpose, readily available in large numbers. But actually, mice are used more. _URL_0_
Why is the Magna Carter so famous ?
It is the "Magna Carta" and it was a document signed by the Nobles of England and was the first document to start to limit the powers of Monarchy in "modern" European history. It is the touchstone base for what became the British Parliamentary system and was at least in part one of the influential documents for the US constitution.
Why is time considered an Illusion?
Time isn't an illusion, it's a fundamental parameter of the universe. It's not a construct of human imagination it's an inherent property of the universe.
The differences between rocks, minerals, gemstones, and crystals?
**Rock** is a more generic term for any kind of hard, brittle mineral composite. Usually they're mostly silicate with some impurities and their structure varies significantly between types. Rocks have classifications and types, but usually not a specific chemical formula. A **mineral** is more specific, they are naturally occurring materials with a defined chemical makeup. Some regularly form crystals, others do not. **Gemstones** and **crystals** are highly pure minerals that have formed large orderly structures. They may or may not be transparent, depending on the mineral and purity. Usually "gems" are transparent mineral crystals used for jewelry purposes. Take, for example, [Iron Pyrite.] It's a *mineral* with a defined chemical composition, FeS2. It can form cubic *crystals* under the right conditions, but is also present as a trace mineral in some *rocks*. It's brittle, opaque, and not terribly attractive, so it's not going to be considered a useful *gemstone*.
Why do investors buy collapsing companies debts?
There are quite a few reasons they do this, and a lot depends on what the bankrupt company does and why it is bankrupt. Possible scenarios include but are not limited to: * A company is bankrupt but still has assets that can be of value to the purchaser such as a built-in customer base, a valuable brand name, physical assets like machinery or equipment, etc. * A company purchases a bankrupt competitor so that they cannot be resurrected by someone else and then compete for marketshare in whatever business they both operate. * A cash-rich company purchases a company that has gone bankrupt due to lack of capital, and believes it can revive the company with an influx of cash.The company might be dead, but its assets aren't. Patents, trademarks, copyrights, Intellectual Property, hard assets , not to mention the personnel. You look at the failing company and look at the valuation of what it *does* have and pick that up for a song and a dance. The failing company takes what it can get since its on its way out anyways. The successful company can buoy the failing company while it takes what it needs. The failing company is cleaned up, streamlined, and either placed back into service in some way, shape, or form, or is liquidated entirely for its assets and its copyrights/trademarks become a re-direct to the parent. For example; Circuit City went to the kaput. Eventually it was bought out, and now going to _URL_0_ takes you to TigerDirect - so in the beginning, all of those circuitcity customers were now going to TigerDirect, which is a revenue increase to balance out the cost of acquiring the now dead company. Valuation is a complicated game, but whenever someone spends money on < XYZ > , there is typically a good reason for it, and it almost always involves making more money down the line.
Why is there controversy over the seasonal starbucks cup?
Because there are no snowflakes on it and it is plain and christians think they are denouncing christmas .. Im not jokingSome more conservative-leaning people feel that there's been a tendency for government, media, advertising, etc in recent decades to kind of kind of try to minimise Christmas as part of a progressive/politically correct/multiculturally sensitive agenda. They object to the word \'Christmas\' being replaced by the word \'Holidays\'. They object to \'Merry Christmas\' being replaced by the phrase "Happy Holidays". They object to the more religious aspects of Christmas being downplayed in favour of the more secular aspects of Christmas . These people feel that the Starbucks cup is just another example of this trend. To be fair, though, I think the controversy is being overblown. Sites like Gawker and Buzzfeed will often notice a couple of tweets or an article from some blog somewhere, and then try to turn it into a whole "Conservatives are angry about / launching a campaign against X!" type of story.A Fucking self proclaimed evangelist named Joshua Feuerstein made a video that went viral to try steer the religious sheep in protest against Starbucks, accusing them of waging war on Christmas. He's a Fucking bigot.
Why metal makes the *tinktink* noise when cooling down.
Using the example of roll-formed roof sheets , in the heat of the day the sheets expand. They contract when it cools down. The expansion and contraction from the change in temperature causes a friction/static buildup and at a certain point it will release which is what causes the noise. Kind of like sometimes when you get zapped with static from a car or clothing you can hear the little click.
What is a saturated market?
Meaning that that specific market has reached maximum capacity, or is approaching it i.e. there is no more room to expand in that market.
How are spies from foreign countries tried in courts in the United States?
Most likely they get charged with espionage in accordance with the Espionage Act of 1917. The crime is against the US as a whole so the defendants will be tried in Federal Court. Any lawyer they can afford can defend them and if they can not afford an attorney, an attorney will be provided. Why would the US listen to foreign countries regarding US domestic law?
Why are they telling us Californians to stay alert until Tuesday. Does the EQ threat end after that or...?
In California there is always an earthquake threat. There is always a chance of an earthquake anywhere. But the chance is much greater in California. I was only in California for eight weeks and felt a building shaker. Californians care so much about earthquakes they have built a robust detection system for measuring earthquakes. That system is reporting a swarm of small quakes. This may be the prelude to the big one. California will not have the largest earthquakes ever. The strain cannot build up that much. There will be smaller ones instead, and the damage will not spread as far. In my region earthquakes happen less often. But the damage when one occurs will be over a much larger areaThere is always some chance of earthquakes in California, but there have been micro-quakes recently that increase the odds of a major earthquake. If enough time passes from the micro-quakes without a major earthquake then things are seen as having settled down and your risk goes back to the standard for California.
will they ever go after the actual person(s) who wrote and built the code for Volkswagen to cheat the emissions testing?
When a company does something wrong, you sue the company, not the CEO, or the manager, or the engineer. This is what's called corporate personhood. So no, they won't go after the person who wrote the code.
Does night mode have a practical function, or is it purely cosmetic?
It is easier on your eyes. Bright light is especially bad at night since it can trick your body into disrupting your circadian rhythm, leading to insomnia or other sleep issuesMost people have a hard time looking at bright screens when the room is dark. So night mode makes the screen darker so you do not strain your eyes.
Why does the Thompson SMG have a higher muzzle velocity than M1911?
barrel length. once a round exits the barrel it's no longer being pushed by the pressure of the explosion of powder. If you increase the time that the bullet is pushed the more velocity is imparted onto it by that force.
Why are my visual memories sometimes in third person?
It's pretty common. After some time, episodic memories become semantic memories. That is, memories you can visualize become facts you can recall. So sometimes when we try to recall those memories visually, it's in third person because you are wanting to see yourself. You may be able to find that with a little effort you can recall a memory in first or third person.I assume you have seen yourself in a movie and in pictures or videos people have taken of you. So it makes sense that you can accurately visualize yourself in 3rd person and then substitute that image into a memory and fill in some of the gaps
What is it exactly that makes noise when you hear sizzles while standing under a high voltage electric line?
These are [corona discharges]. The electric field becomes sharp enough immediately surrounding the wires that any randomly-generated free electrons in the air will crash into other molecules and produce more free electrons and ions. An AC corona alternates between positive and negative modes. This process produces sound at the same fundamental frequency as the line. If a grounded object approached the line it would develop a corona of its own. Coronae are conductive and if they touch an arc will be formed. AC arcs absorb energy in pulses when the voltage difference is highest. So they *also* produce sound at line frequency. These sounds have rougher waveforms than sine waves, so they sound different, more of a "zzzp" than a thrum. _URL_0_
How are acids made?
Some are made by dissolving solids in water. Many natural substances create acids when dissolved. Some are made by bacteria. If you let juice ferment, it will turn to alcohol, then vinegar .
What data does Windows 10 actually send to Microsoft? Is it really anything bad?
It actually sends every keystroke you type. Now Microsoft says this is to help improve it's spelling corrections, but with a warrant the FBI could use it for other things. It's not stored for a long time, by default, but that doesn't mean they couldn't be ordered to keep records for longer. Cortana sends every sound made within earshot of your computer microphone to Microsoft. That's where it is processed and analyzed. It's a hot mic in whatever room your computer is in listening to everything said. Not for a bad reason, according to Microsoft.
If games can render near photo-realistic graphics in real-time, why does 3D animation software (e.g Blender) take hours or even days to render simple animations?
Games use a lot of tricks to fake the photorealism at less cost than doing it for real . The most important one is the lighting. You may notice that shadows don't always look right in games. You know how when you hold something colored under a light, it starts to glow that color? Games don't do this because they don't simulate the light for real, they change the textures to make shadows and light. Real animation software takes no shortcuts and renders things with full textures and full detail. This software often calculates the path of each ray of light bouncing around the area until it runs out of steam. This calculation is what takes all the time because there are millions and millions of light rays to trace. Fun sidenote: a few weeks back, Nvidia managed to make real-time Ray tracing possible using some new technology they're developing, but so far it still take colossal amounts of power to run.
Why do multi-vitamins contain more than 100% of certain nutrients?
Something people haven't patronized yet on here is bioavailability & bioaccessibility; even if it says 100%, you don't really get a 1:1 ratio of access/usage from it, same as when you eat food. Also, the daily recommended requirements are often really low, more like a "this is good enough so you don't outright have an issue", not "this is optimal"Usually those values are percentages of the daily requirements for the "average" adult. It's very debatable if people actually need more vitamins than the normal daily requirementI take a vitamin D2 pill with 50,000% of the daily value , which is a slow absorption pill meant to be taken once a week. In this case it makes it more convenient to take one pill a week than to take one daily. Most of it is not used by the body, but the high % allows the body to still use it days later100% of the "minimum daily requirements". In some cases, it there is data to suggest that there might be beneficial effects from having more than the bare minimum. And in most cases, there isn't much hazard to having more than the minimum. If your body doesn't use it, you'll just excrete itBecause you need some extra when your body pisses away 100% of the multivitamin that you take. No, [seriously].
Why car manufacturers sometimes have different names for the same car model in different markets?
Sometimes it's a marketing reason, and sometimes it's copyright or trademark law. For example, back in the 1960s, Ford wanted to export the Mustang to Germany. However, a German company, Krupp, was already using the name "Mustang" on a line of delivery trucks. Because Krupp already had the rights to use the name "Mustang" on a vehicle in Germany, Ford had to [re-badge its car as the "T5" when sold in Germany]Names have different meanings dependent on the location. Case in point, about 20 years ago Chevrolet reintroduced the Nova as a compact car. They had to be renamed in Mexico because "no va" means "no go" in Spanish.
Why do some people not remember anything when they get drunk?
To expand on tstorm1986's comment, I believe ethanol specifically inhibits the short-term-to-long-term memory transfer process, thus making those people unable to remember even the smallest action more than 5 minutes afterwards, or as soon as they start thinking of something else. ELI5 version: A tiny amount of the liquid in alcoholic drinks heads up to your brain and tells your brain to stop making memories indefinitely. Eventually, your body gets rid of all the drink, through one end or the other, and the brain starts making memories again, but it is too late to make memories of everything you did the night before. Also, the simplest solution to your "Wake up feeling horrible" problem is to just drink plenty of water before you go to sleep drunk. EDIT: Changed "inhibits the short-term memory process" to "inhibits the short-term-to-long-term memory transfer process", as per [ritosuave's] comments/research. Go ahead and give him a few upvotesEthanol inhibits the receptors necessary to create memories.
Why is it considered grammatically incorrect to use 'ain't'?
I ain't saying that you're wrong, but I ain't saying you're right either. It's not grammatically incorrect to use ain't, it's just informal. In any formal writing, "am not" is much preferred. Funnily enough the word "amn't" which actually makes my spell check say it isn't a word is also defined, and is also therefore grammatically correct, but is again informal. Tl;Dr it's informal, not incorrectBigotry toward the poor, specifically Cockneys. _URL_0_ It is actually fully grammatically correct to use as a word and has been for centuries. It is just associated with "common folk" of poor social standing and so was something frowned upon by teachers and professors who catered primarily to the upper classes. By the time education was opened up to all citizens it was established as bad grammar.
What is the actual structure of the Chinese government? How is it organized?
The crucial difference between western democracies and China is that in China the Constitution explicitly gives the Communist Party certain very important powers. In particular there is no difference between the leader of the Chinese Communist Party and the President of China. They are separate positions but always embodied in the same person -- it is not possible to have a President who is not the head of the CP. An analogy might be the relationship between the US President and the Supreme Commander of the US Armed Forces -- although they're two different jobs, they are always held by the same person. However at a more conceptual level the country is governed in a similar way to most others. There are separate branches of government for the executive, legislative, and judicial processes -- along with an almost-as-powerful section of the military in government -- although again the Communist Party has a strong control over all these areas. Additionally in terms of local government, depending on the region local areas may be allowed to have elections for their officials, or they may have their officials appointed directly by central government. Even in areas where elections are permitted, all candidates must first be approved by the Communist Party and sometimes by central government as well -- this is one of the key areas of protest in Hong Kong at the moment, where the protesters want to have a free choice of candidates to vote for, but Beijing is only allowing a choice between a couple of hand-picked candidates.
how could depression affect us physically?
It often makes your sleep and appetite wonky, which makes you feel physically bad in other ways-- if you've been asleep all day and haven't really eaten, you'll probably feel like shit.
If Colds are passed on by an infected creature, how did the first creature get it?
We're not really sure how viruses started. A virus is basically a chunk of DNA on it's own that can break into living cells and take over those cells to make it produce more viruses. Nobody's sure if viruses evolved as an offshoot of cellular life or if they're just a random corruption of broken-down cells.Thats a chicken/egg problem. The answer, as always is: "its not that simple", and evolution plays a significant role in it. Eg. we still don't really understand how viruses came to be . See also [viral evolution] for a more in-depth analysisThere have always been parasitic creatures, one of them evolved to be less fatal with a quick mutation rate and that is what the common cold is.
Why are we using a loud, obnoxious *BEEP* to censor curse words?
I was thinking the beeps are used for a humorous effect. If we can't have curse words out in the open in case there's children watching, we can at least have a laugh at the obnoxious beeping.
Why is my voice so much deeper in the morning?
When you sleep, your vocal cords get looser, so the vibrations are more bass-like. It takes a couple of seconds to tighten them up thoughI heard alcohol also loosens the vocal chords if you have been drinking
What is the history behind Earth Day?
There was a giant oil spill near Santa Barbara in 1969 which - as you might imagine - was an even more gigantic catalyst for environmental protection. That movement picked up pace pretty quickly, aided by the “Summer of Love”, after a fashion. It wasn’t too long before John McConnell, a noted peace activist, was proposing an international holiday to honor the environment. He made the proposal to the U.N in 1970 - suggesting it be observed on the first day of spring in the northern hemisphere.
Why do electric cars have such a low top speed for their horsepower?
Perhaps they are more concerned with efficient power consumption than going faster than a Lambo?', "Electric motors deliver their maximum amount of Torque at low speeds, and their maximum amount of power at middle speeds. Gas engines deliver maximum torque at middle speeds and maximum power at high speeds. This means electric car can have great take-off acceleration, but gas engines can do better at taking a moving car and making it go even faster. Beyond that, part of it is the design goals of the car. No one really cares about the fuel economy of a Lamborghini, but people do care about the range of their electric cars. You could make an electric car that would go faster, but since maximum power is at middle speeds you would have to design your motor so that it would never make it to it's sweet spot in normal driving it's going to have negative effects in terms of motor performance.
Do birds re-use nests that were previously used by other birds?
Doves/pidgins use other birds nests for sure. I watched a robin build a beautiful nest on my property, she spent ages on this nest, laid her eggs and then one day a pidgin comes along, kicks the robins eggs to the ground and lays her own. Then she sat there, like a proud mama, defending her eggs against the angry robin. That all said, I don't really blame the pidgin that much - have you seen the nests they build? Two sticks on a branch = good enough nest to lay an egg in for a pidgin.
Why do dogs grab their toys when really excited?
They associate smells with objects too, which can draw them to things like owner's shoes. Showing off toys is less of a natural dog instinct, and more something we condition into them by praising them when they do cute stuff like pick up toys to play with
Why do most animals have tails but humans do not?
We did have a tail at some point in our evolution. But now we only have tails during part of the time we are embryos but it reduces to the tailbone or 'coccyx' before we are born. The functions that tails serve can all be accomplished by us through other means such as hands for manipulating objects, language for communication and the visual system and ear canal for balance.> but why do humans not have them? Tails serve a purpose for a lot of animals - mainly balance and control, but also safety When humans started standing upright we didn't need it for balance and it actually became a hazard Over time we just stopped having tails. We still have a tailbone and most of the genes required to grow a tail. > Does a cat have full control or is it mostly just instinctual movement? It's mainly instinctual but they can control it if they want. It's usually associated with mood more than anything else but when they need to they can control it. Next time your cat is "hunting" watch his/her tail and how low and still they keep it.I'm pretty sure it's instinctual but they know they're doing it. like you know you're blinking and you can control it, but you don't always do it. i always figured they know what their tail is doing.Due to our upright posture and our habits of walking on the ground we do not need to balance ourselves as cats and monkeys walking on uneven tree branches.
The location methods used by explorers like Columbus to record their findings and navigate home
[Columbus was the first sailor who kept a detailed log of his voyages. We therefore know how Columbus navigated, and that he was a dead reckoning navigator. On the first voyage westbound, Columbus sticks to his westward course for weeks at a time. Only three times does Columbus depart from this course: once because of contrary winds, and twice to chase false signs of land southwest.] Columbus made very good time on some days of his voyage, as good as sailing vessels achieve.They had a couple of ways to navigate. They had a very good understanding of the sun and it's position in the sky so this helped in the day.. at night they actually navigated using the stars. Different cultures invented different tools to use to help, the sextant being the most well known, but an older tool called the cross staff predated that. On cloudy nights navigation was hard, or impossible. Otherwise navigation at night was possibly easier than in the day because of the stars, tools, and charts. In even earlier times they mostly didn't go far from shore and the shore was what they used to navigate with
The Lacanian idea of the Other and the 'objet a'
I 'd crosspost to /r/philosophy. Zizek has written exhaustive words on Lacan. As I understand Other, it is how we frame ourselves, language, relationships, etc against the world we perceive. "Objet a" deals with objectifying desire, glory, drive, libido all are unattainable but we compelled by them. He never wanted to name "Objet a." He chose this algebraic equation to represent it: $ < > a. Great question. It is making me want to pick up my Zizek reader.
what do doctors/forensic specialists mean when they say a bullet "bounces around"?
Because the body isn't a piece of homogenous mass. You've got bones inside you, and bones are pretty damn solid, especially compared to soft lead bullets. And as the bullet travels through you, all that mass begins to slow it down, making it more susceptible to ricochetting off something.
Why are operating systems written in C?
Your OS needs to care about all the low-level details like interfacing with your hardware or managing memory. Languages running in VMs or interpreters do not offer such functionality and adding them does not make any sense from a language point of view .C is very low level. Higher level languages like Python and Java run on top of a VM that abstracts away the underlying hardware. That's good if you want to write a program that doesn't care what platform it's running on. That's bad if you want to write an operating system, which by its nature must interact with the underlying hardware. For example, on systems using memory mapped I/O, all your peripherals are mapped to a memory address, and you interface with them by writing data to that area of memory. Doing that requires raw pointers, which higher level languages often don't have.
Why is running on a treadmill so much easier and less tiring than running outside?
As far as I understand, the belt turnover of the treadmill contributes greatly to helping you run. The belt is guiding you towards running and as a result, most "serious" runners don't equate their time on a treadmill to be the same as what they would do when running outside. Aside from the ground not being a moving belt to guide your steps, on a treadmill your feet/legs/body is also landing on a softer, more flexible surface rather than crashing into the immovable ground with every step. Tl;dr: You just have to keep from going backwards on a treadmill, but outside, you have to keep moving forward and pushing against the earth.I would say a combination of - The soft ground of the threadmill - The bad calibration of the system which make it more generous than it is actually - There is no obstacle on the way nobody to avoid, no pedestrian passing by no street crossing. On a 10k run in town you easily loose 5 min because of all these - The fact that distance speed is displayed make it psychologically easier. That said, on a threadmill I run 5k in less than 20min. Last official race I made with a similar distance I ran 6k in less than 24 min so it's seems that it's not that easier to run on a threadmill", '- There is no air resistance as you are not really moving- The treadmill is very flat - And what's probably the main reason, you are not making the effort of pushing yourself forward. As soon as your front feet touches the belt, it will slide backward without any effort from your part ', "Very simple, when you're running on a treadmill, you have no wind resistance. It's like running with a permanent tailwind.
Why would a company like Mars modify one flavor of a candy like Skittles and then refuse to go back to the old flavor in the face of monumental backlash?
"Monumental backlash" often is nothing more than a vocal minority complaining loudly and often about something they don't like. Those people are also likely to continue buying the product in spite of their vocal distaste. Mars knows that these people will fade away soon, and they probably haven't seen any appreciable drop in sales numbers, so they're not going to change their mindsI guess I'll rephrase your question for you, "Why would a company make a sudden change to their product, and then decide not to change it back when people are upset?" The answer to which is two parts. First of all, companies have been known to revert a product back to "normal"after a poorly thought out change. Take New Coke for example. They changed it because of sales numbers, not because of reviews. They may be related, but aren't the same. Inn the case of the Skittles problem you did mention in your original question, they did not revert the change, simply because despite the negative reviews, their bottom line was not negatively affectedPeople complaining on social media and an actual decline in sales can be two very different things.What I don't understand is why they still put 'original' on the bags when it's clearly not
Does Earth appear as a bright planet?
A few million light years away? That is an insane distance. Our entire galaxy is only ~100,000 light years in diameter. Even one lightyear away would be too far, not only is our planet not that bright, it is minuscule in comparison to the sun so anyone trying to look for us would just see our big, bright sun. This is a struggle we have in our search for planets outside of our solar system, no telescope is powerful enough to see them, however we are able to detect them by other methods.[Here is a picture and a speech]. The answer is no - the earth is not particularly luminous. No more than the other planets in our solar system. You lose sight of us before you leave the solar system. Long before then, we're nothing but a pale blue dot.
Why betting the same amount on two boxers to win will not always give a payout due to differing odds.
Any real-world bookie is going to adjust the odds and payouts so that they get a cut for themselves . They're not working for charity.
Why does PBS get the rights to BBC content where other networks do not?
Downton Abbey is not a BBC production; it is created by ITV, a commercial television company. So whatever is the reason that PBS gets British shows, it's unlikely to be a specific agreement between them and the BBC.British entertainment, while popular, is still considered a niche interest amongst the larger population. Larger networks like FOX/TBS/NBC would prefer to make American adaptions of British shows in order to more appeal to an American audience. This has left networks like PBS with a nice little niche to get involved in. They can get newly popular British programming and get the ratings from it while American networks focus on their own adaptations.
How do coaxial cables transmit so much data with only one pin?
Coax can carry more bandwidth . RG-6 coax can carry somewhere 1-3Ghz while Cat 6 Ethernet can only carry about 500 Mhz. The reason is the shielding is so good and the impedance of the RG-6 coax cable is guaranteed over a long distance. HD TV channels only need 6Mhz so a single RG 6 can carry roughly 166 channels simultaneously without switchingeach bit takes up a really small amount of time. So a lot gets through really fast.The overwhelming majority of data communication is done serially . As long as you can send data fast enough, it's often advantageous to use a single line as then you don't have to worry about multiple data line bringing in data at different times and having to resynchronize them. Pretty much every cable you use that transmits data will be done serially. Some examples of cables/devices/architectures that use one line: USB, Ethernet, PCI-E, FireWire, Lightning, etc. Examples of cables/devices/architectures that use multiple lines: ATA, PCI, uh honestly, I don't think any modern devices use parallel
Why TV's/Monitors are rectangle and not square.
We have two eyes, next to each other. So our area of vision is wider than it is tall. Screens reflect that fact.Because of aspect ratios. It used to be that the monitors were square because the normal, common aspect ratio was 4:3. Now, with the widescreen format being most common most TV's and monitors are built to meet this format.
The difference between Gray and Grey
Same difference between color and colour. Continent-based spelling differencesIn British English, "grey" is the preferred spelling. I believe "gray" is US English. Not certain about Canada or Australia.
Why do accents seem to disappear when singing? i.e. why do Aussies, Brits and Kiwis all seem to have american accents when they're singing?
This old ELI5 had some real answers in it: _URL_0_ What I understand is that accents are largely derived from how long you hold certain sounds when speaking, but when singing regional differences go away because we all try to hold the same sounds the same length to sing "correctly."', "Lots of singers start off by emulating the styles of the singers they admired and listened to. Mick Jagger and the Rolling Stones developed their music style from American blues, hence why Mick sounds [very American when singing]. But other groups who don't do this are prolific too. Think of [The Proclaimers], who sound as Scottish as they are.
Why do wet wipes clog up the sewage / plumbing system?
Because toilet paper dissolves and wet wipes don't. Most things you flush down the toilet can break down into smaller and smaller bits except for wet wipes, female hygiene products, and similar products. If these get caught on something inside the pipe it can completely clog the pipe up and no clog remover is going to take it out, you will have to snake the drain.
Why is it wrong to discriminate against people for their political beliefs but there is public outcry when someone is anti-gay marriage etc.
This post is not asking for a layman-friendly explanation to something complicated or technical, so it doesn't belong here and it's been removed. Entirely subjective questions generally belong in /r/askreddit. Asking "why is this wrong" or "why is this ok" is inherently subjective and so it doesn't belong here.
Why are Saudi Arabia and Iran are having a war in Yemen?
Yemen has only been a single country for 25 years and fought a civil war in the 1980's. The central government is weak, the economy weak, an active al-Qaeda branch causes problems, and the various tribes follow different religions. The current unrest is a new civil war supported in part by outside parties. Saudi Arabia is interested in a stable neighbor and Saudi-allied government. Iran is interested in an unstable neighbor for Saudi Arabia and a new Iranian ally. The most dangerous branch of al-Qaeda is located in Yemen and is the primary reason for US involvement. Proxy wars are preferable to real wars as they are less expensive, involve few of your own people dying, and harder to be blamed for. Proxy wars are strongly preferable to the weaker party who holds little hope of victory in conventional war. Iran has no chance of defeating Saudi Arabia in direct fighting. The Saudi military is superior and supported by the US, UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Pakistan. Saudi is leading the current intervention and is supported by nine other countries including Morocco, Egypt, Sudan, Pakistan, Kuwait, UAE, Jordan, Bahrain, and Qatar. The US is providing intelligence support but I don't believe any money. Iran is supporting an insurgent group.Same reason most wars were fought in the 20th century. It's about ensuring a sphere of influence. If the Sunni side wins, it's another ally for the Saudis. If the Shia side wins, it's an ally for Iran. Both countries have long been locked in a struggle to be the "top dog" in the region. Just look at the controversy over the naming of the Persian / Arabian Gulf.
Why are tobacco companies allowed to continue selling products guaranteed to kill or do serious harm?
Because it is worth a lot of money to the government!', "Because it's not illegal for people to harm themselves.
How do CEOs use their money if its all in stocks?
It varies. 1. A CEO only takes the "$1 salary" with lots of stock if they can afford to do so. So in many cases, the money is indeed locked up, they just live off the rest of their money. 2. You can sell some shares, assuming your stock is in a company that is reasonably liquid. This could be company buy-back, could be a private sale or could be on a public exchange. 3. You get dividends. If the company pays dividends to shareholders, you get those. 4. you place stock in escrow in exchange for a loan. If you're a pre-IPO mark zuckerberg banks will line up to give you liquidity in exchange for the relatively low risk that a shit-ton of shares will be convertible to cash at some point in the future. 5. You get an investor who does a founder or shareholder buyout as part of the investment strategy anyway, so it's not an inconvenience to them the way it may be to other people. But to actually be able to spend the money, they do have to sell it at some point. The exception, of course, is if the stock pays dividends.
What determines if I bleed a little or a lot?
The size/depth of the cut and where it is. Your blood flow and pressure. Wether or not you have haemophilia.
What are the beliefs of the Church of Scientology, and why are they hated?
It's a brainwash scheme that takes desperate people, isolates them socially, brainwashes them with some bad scifi, and then has them give up all their possessions, house, car, anything they own, as donations to the church. They also take in celebrities, who get different kind of treatment. They get paid good dime for advertising their abusive brainwash scheme which attracts more desperate people to their church. These celebrities are essentially aiding in abuse. The actual doctrine of the church is just bunch of scifi nonsense. The long story short, bunch of evil aliens sealed bunch of good aliens in a volcano, volcano exploded, and good aliens had their souls travel onto Earth, where they possessed primates, which turned into humans. The church then teaches how to connect with your alien self, called Thetan I think? It was initially a scifi book series by the church founder, but for whatever reason he essentially turned his fictive books into a church. Haven't read the scifi books myself, but the reviews I've seen would indicate they were below average, no particular highlights to them, good or bad.Their beliefs and practices are not fully known, the system is a hierarchy built on secret knowledge. It is one of the reasons they are hated and seen as a cult instead of a legitimate religion. Most religions will come to you door and tell you everything they know about what they believe for free. Also there have been many exposes on their coercive tactics for those that try to leave the organization. And people have even died suspiciously at their headquartersI hear so much about Scientology in the news and about celebrities having involvement etc. What is it?
Why do most of us forget our dreams? And some remember every minute of it?
You remember your dreams vividly as soon as you wake up, but you begin forgetting immediately. Keep a journal next to your bed and the second you wake up, start writing down what you just dreamt about. Eventually you will remember your dreams in full detail and even begin to dream lucidly which is pretty damn awesome.It depends on when you had the dream. As you may know, you go through 90-minute sleep cycles when you sleep. These cycles are comprised of rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement sleep. Most of the time' you're in nREM sleep, but you go into REM sleep for a little bit at the end of each sleep cycle. Though you can dream during both nREM and REM sleep, you usually remember your REM dreams better.Maybe I am odd but I remember all my dreams . I can also control my dreams and often having recurring dreams where as I may not being able to control what happens, I can decide what and what not to do in an attempt to change the dream.
Why can't dogs and cats be tickled?
They can. Many animals can be tickled. They just can't *laugh*, so perhaps you're not aware of it, but they can be tickled.
How can adware companies run business operations that are based on such ideas as reinstalling malware?
Legally, they can't. But when you're operating out of a small Eastern European country that won't extradite you and you make sure not to attract any attention in your own country, there really isn't anything anyone can do.
What is the difference between a "culture" and a "subculture"
A subculture resides within a dominant culture. The simplest example is probably the African-American subculture existing within the larger North American culture. So you can see both are characterized by larger patterns: both eat at McDonald's, shop at Walmart, and watch the NFL on Sundays. But then there are things that distinguish the African-American subculture, like the droopy jeans and hilarious content on twitter.
Why are sports contracts so outrageously high compared to avg worker wages?
Professional sports make a lot of money. LOTS of money. The players feel that they should get a reasonable part of the money being made because they are the major reasons why people pay money for season tickets, buy jerseys and hats, or watch on TV. If your boss made millions of dollars off of your work, you'd want to be paid fairly for it. And the best athletes know that they can ask for that much money and get it.
is drug resistant bacteria evolution?
Yes, it is. It's a perfect example of it. There's a bacterial population infecting someone, they take the antibiotics till they feel better, but not until they clear the infection. There's a few of the bacteria that aren't immune but slightly better at surviving. Once the person stops the antibiotics because they feel better, the infection come back but this time the population of bacteria is replicated from the few microbes that were stronger and so now the whole population is stronger. They infect someone else and we have to keep upping the anti on antibiotic strength but people keep repeating that process, making the stronger bacteria even better until we run out of something to use against them.
Why are there no heated snow shovels? I feel like this product is a no brainer.
My experience with shoveling has taught me that wet snow sticks to the shovel, making it harder to move or throw the snow. A heated shovel would take normally cold, "dry" snow and turn it into heavy wet slush that sticks to the shovel.Surely it's easier to shovel snow than water. Seems like the last thing you'd want to do is melt the snow before moving it.
Why are cats terrified of cucumbers?
Possibly the same reason as why many pet birds are afraid of arms/hands reaching towards them - because they vaguely resemble snakes which are a predator. And because it's unexpected.
Why don't we have the $3, 60-year LED lightbulb yet? Why aren't LED bulbs getting cheaper as promised?
From what I understand, basic LED technology has been rather difficult to scale up to actual room-lighting. On a smaller, dimmer usages they're very efficient, but once you try to scale up to very bright outputs, you run into a few issues. As an LED bulb gets warmer, it will get dimmer, which is bad. Also, a bright LED generates a LOT of heat in a really small area, which can cause the systems to fail . In addition, the efficiency of the LED's decreases as things like current and output increase, making brighter LED's more prone to heat damage. Researchers have been making great advances in efficiency and output. As they push the technology PAST what is sufficient for practical use, the technology will start to become reliable and cost-effective to use on a mass scale. tldr; LED tech is great when it's small, but we run into a lot of problems when we try to make them big and bright. A lot of the cost goes into finding solutions to those problems.I think mostly with the longevity and power savings combined, they only need to beat the incandescent by so much before the accountant/actuary tells them they can get more money for the product. So, until we get a good old fashion price war.
How come some pictures look better at than others, even though they have lower resolution?
Lighting and visual 'noise' are two major factors that affect the visual quality of an image in addition to the pixel resolution. Compression artifacts also affect the visual quality. Although lighting and noise do not affect the pixel resolution of the image, they do affect your ability to resolve detail in the image, and therefore effectively reduce the resolution in other ways. [This image] and [this image] provide visual examples of what visual noise looks like and how it affects the quality of an image. [This image] and [this image] and [this image] provide examples of how different lighting and exposure conditions can affect the visual quality of an image and the ability to resolve detail. In terms of compression artifacts left over from lossy compression image/video encodings, see [this example] and [this example].Resolution doesn't measure beauty or artfulness or how important or powerful or meaningful or useful an image is. You can have a blank grey picture with a billion pixels or you can make Mario out of a few dozen. Without defining "better" more concisely there are any number of reasons why a lower resolution image might be "better" and I would argue there would be very little correlation if any between picture resoution and picture "betterness"
what is the point in giving high ranking Nazi's like Eichmann or Himmler trials, when they are going to be found guilty no matter what?
It's more about showing the world all their crimes, as well as giving formal closure to their victims and victims families. Also, no matter how severe your crimes, the right to trial still applies
For disc copies of games, why must we pay full price for a new disc if the original becomes scratched or broken? Why can't we buy a replacement version that's cheaper?
Most game companies do let you do that. Let you send in damaged disks for replacements in some warranty agreement.
Would I die if I drank the water found on Mars?
Probably. Much of the dust on Mars' surface is composed of chemicals called [perchlorates] which are highly toxic. If you were to drink water from Mars it would almost certainly have a lot of the stuff in there.
What will happen when Windows XP becomes unsupported? Why will it suddenly become vulnerable?
It won't spontaneously become vulnerable. It was already vulnerable, but every time a vulnerability is discovered, a patch is released to fix the vulnerability. Now the vulnerability will not be fixed.An Explanation for 5-year olds: think of a computer program like a game with rules. Everyone's playing by the rules and things are great, but then little Billy the trouble maker comes along and does something that makes the game unplayable. The rest of the people playing say "Hey! You can't do that!" and little billy replies "It isn't in the rules!" So the players tell the person who made the game and he puts out a new rule forbidding what little billy did. Well little Billy doesn't give up that easily and does something else that makes the game unfair for other people and again the players complain and a new rule is made. However, this game has become outdated so there's no one to complain to to make a new rule when little billy breaks something. So everyone is now playing a new game based on the old game but with even MORE things to do. So there's even more ways to bend or break the rules that little billy can cause trouble with. Little billy can be a hacker, virus, bug or anything disrupting the operating system. The rulemakers try their best to prevent this but the rule book is THICK and it's easy to miss these problems.
Is there really any reason we still use the qwerty keyboard?
The hassle to change to a new keyboard layout would be too great for them to justify any new keyboard layout. It works, well for that matter, so there just isn't enough incentive to switch.
Why do we feel so groggy when we first wake up, but after doing some exercise so much better and alert?
Waking up in the morning is a dormant stage. After doing something such as push-ups, this sends more blood flow to the brain, as well as taking in more oxygen to spread throughout the body', "Melatonin signals your body that it's time to prepare for sleep, and it helps you feel drowsy. Two powerful brain chemical systems work together while you sleep to paralyse skeletal muscles during rapid eye movement sleep . If you wake up during Rem these chemicals your body has released are still in your system and as a result, your body is still removing it which can cause you to be groggy and slow. . Edit : Added unknown names part
Why do zodiac signs and horoscopes exist?
Historically, the stars were very important. Before we had GPS, or maps or clocks or calendars, or even *numbers*, they helped you navigate and told you what time of the year it was. But at the same time, humans had no idea what stars were and why they behaved they way they did. All the knew is when a certain constellation was visible after sunset, it was time to plant. Or if they sailed to a certain star, they'd reach their fishing grounds, and if they sailed away, they would get back home. Being intelligent and creative, it was natural for humans to try to come up with a reason behind the stars. Maybe that planting time constellation represented the fertility goddess. Or maybe that north star represented the god of the sea. Or maybe they weren't superstitious at all, and just made up little stories to help them remember. Either way, it eventually took on a life of its own and became a whole system of believe that had nothing to do with farming or sailing.
Why does ice in a plastic bag end up making the skin wet?
There's water in the air, it's called water vapor. Water vapor can't stay vapor after it cools down. It turns into water through a process called condensation.
If evolution is driven by natural selection, will the future of human race be affected by modern medicine since more people that should have been phased out can now live and reproduce?
Absolutly. The fact, that a lot of women today are not capable of giving natural birth is an outcome of this. In earlier times, if a womens pelvis was too small to give birth, she and her child would have died. Today, she can get a C-section and she and her kid will live happily ever after. Some smart people, however, have suggested that modern medicine and technology *itself* is a new stage of evolution, because it allows us to adapt to so much more than just our "natural" human nature.That's 90% accurate. In another time, if you were not at least somewhat intelligent, somewhat physically capable, etc. you would not be able to survive, and help your offspring survive. Today with modern medicine, welfare, warning labels and all sorts of idiot-proofing, people are surviving that probably wouldn't have survived. So yes, over time this will effect our evolution.
With water shortages increasing, why don't we use sewage water to water and fertilize our crops? Wouldn't the plants benefit?
Our sewage treatment plant is state of the art and produces fertilizer/sludge that local farmers use on their land. One of the big issues with sewage treatment is the increased amount of drugs, mostly prescription, that come through the system. Some, I think are treatable, but not all of them.
Why is it easy to spin something around your index finger one way and harder to spin it around the opposite way?
It's just muscle memory. I can spin things both directions pretty easily. I just do it a lot.
What's happening in the video of the guy directing a bug with a pen?
We did this one in my high school science class. It's just something in the ink. It's color-dependent though. My teacher showed us the bug avoiding a blue pen but being unaffected by a red one of the same brand.
the sensation of spicy. Do people who like spicy food have fewer or more taste buds that react to spice?
A fraction of the population are [supertasters] which means they are more sensitive to certain tastes. Supertasters sometimes [avoid spicy foods] but taste is pretty malleable . I've also noticed that the people who enjoy very spicy foods somehow manage to break down the capsaicin molecule in their guts. Therefore, it's not spicy for them when it's coming out the other end .