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why do people's accents seem to disappear when they sing?	BA in linguistics here. I believe it is for a couple reasons. Reason number one being that you simply don't hear it as much. The differentiators in accents are in things like "r" sounds and vowel sounds, and when you hold these sounds out in a long way like you're singing, they sort of morph into a more universal pronunciation- if you're Scottish and roll your R sounds, or American and pronounce your R sounds very hard, or from London or Boston and ignore them completely it all sort of comes out the same when you hold it out to fit the cadence of a song. Second major reason has to do with the style of music. I think pop music and rock music are generally associated with a specific style, same way country music is. Look at Keith Urban, he is an Australian country singer and he still sounds like all the other county singers from the US. EDIT: spellings and stuff', "One of the hallmarks of good singing is to produce big rich vowels. Making the resonant cavity of your mouth and throat as big and open as possible helps with this. Certain accents rely on having a more closed vowel sound, so singers often drift towards a more generic accent because the focus is on achieving a better tone. That being said, a common criticism of singers is that they sing with a fake accent. Americans that sound British, Brits that sound American, etc. Here on the west coast I've met a lot of singers who unintentionally put on a southern accent.
why do snipers (in movies anyway) work with another guy with binoculars? Do they do this in actual combat?	They're called a spotter and they identity targets for the sniper. And yes, many snipers work in pairs, with one spotting and one shooting.
How do programs or files get "deleted" from a hardrive? Where do they go?	##What is a File System? Imagine your computer as a recipe book. It contains sections, such as "Cakes
What is exactly happening in a person body whey they overdose?	It depends on the drug. Every substance has what they call an "LD50" that is the dosage that will result in the deaths of 50% of the subjects. LD50 = Lethal Dose 50% So without asking about a specific substance, we can't really tell you what's happeningThat depends greatly on WHAT they have overdosed on. Opioid overdose causes respiratory depression, sometimes to the point where they stop breathing. Not breathing will lead to hypoxia, brain damage, and death. Other drugs or substances cause a very wide range of other symptoms, depends on the substance. You can over overdose on water, in which case the damage is caused by hyponatremia leading to cardiac arrythmia
I've seen HDR photography, audio playback, rendering, etc, but not HDR microphones. Why is that?	HDR photography typically mixes more than one photo to get the effect. Essentially it's because technology has trouble recording images or sound to the same quality that human eyes or ears work to. There's also a brain making sense of it all and that is replaced with photo editibg techniques or sound mixing techniques for recording. A microphone that handles loud sounds as well as quiet sounds is harder to make than just using two for better quality.
In apps like whatsapp and facebook where it shows when the user was "last seen", how is this determined?	Bot removed my comment : store a LOT of data, including what was the last time you opened the app, close the app, where did you click etc. Therefore the 'last seen' is the time you last used the app or exited the app Hope this is enough?
The difference between a generalization and a stereotype	I 'd say stereotypes are generalizations, but not all generalizations are stereotypes. A generalization could be pretty neutral, just an oversimplification, like: "Cartoon movies are all G rated". A stereotype, generally , has a negative connotation. So, "Black people are good at basketball" would be a stereotype.
Why do my cheeks hurt from smiling?	Overuse of any muscle can lead to fatigue and pain. Running for example may lead to pain in the legs etc. Your face has muscles in it required for smiling, if they get used a lot the same principles apply with them as for any muscleBecause in order to smile you need to use muscles in your cheeks. Those muscles contract and pull your mouth into the smile position. Do that constantly for hours and hours and those muscles get tired and eventually sore. Just like doing any other exercise.
Why is Apple allowed to bundle iTunes with iOS and restrict competing products, while Microsoft couldn't do the same with IE with Windows?	Apple does not control almost all of the market, so bundling iTunes and restricting competing products will not prevent competing products from being successful.
Why is it easier to 'pop' your knuckles the more you do it?	You probably are just better at the technique after practice. There is currently no evidence that cracking your knuckles causes any physiologic change. Edit: correction, actually chronic knuckle cracking has been shown to be associated with hand swelling and decreased grip strength. The evidence also shows no association with degenerative bony changes. I still don't believe there is any reason that cracking your knuckles would cause changes that make it easier to crack them later, given what we know about the mechanism of the cracking sound, but this has not been explicitly studied as far as I know.All I could think of would be the muscles stretching. it's the space between joints, so that might be plausible. And if anyone tells you about it causing arthritis, tell them they're crazy. Donald Unger cracked the knuckles on one hand for 50 years and left the other alone, and had no signs of arthritis on either hand. Got what's known as the "ig" nobel prize
How do buying domain names work?	Godaddy or Hostgator get the domains from the registry, which for .com domains is VeriSign but there a bunch of different registries handling thousands of domain extensions. The registries in turn get their authority from IANA, who are the group that oversees everything. Nothing stops you from selling domain names except you need a connection to at least 1 domain name registry. For some extensions this may be as simple as figuring out an email address for the registry or creating an account on their site and registering domains you sell directly with them. For others you may need to be accredited.
Why are people scared of the dark?	It's natural. Humans rely primarily on their sense of sight. When it is dark, we can't see potential predators.
Why do employers bargain collectively for and subsidize health insurance but not other big items like auto insurance, auto loan, and mortgage?	During WW2, the American government instituted wage and price controls as a preemptive measure to keep inflation down. So businesses that wanted to hire the best people couldn't offer more money than their competitors. But they could pay for your healthcare, and it was a pretty sweet deal for both parties - the employer could use it as a tax writeoff, and the employee didn't get taxed on it because it wasn't a wage. By the end of WW2, employer-provided healthcare was basically universal. [ ]
How is Coca-Cola's recipe still a secret?	Nobody who knows it has disclosed it. And nobody who doesn't know it is particularly motivated to try to find out what it is. It's just fizzy sugar water, after all, not the polio vaccine.There was an incident where 3 coco cola employees tried selling the recipe to Pepsi but Pepsi called policeCoke kept it as a trade secret - if they had patented the formula it would become publicThe ORIGINAL recipe is easy to keep secret simply because it isn't used anymore, the ingredients in coke have changed multiple times throughout the company's history . Today it just makes for great advertising, talk of a "SECRET FORMULA" adds appeal and interests people. People have been able to create drinks that taste identical to coke even if the ingredients are not EXACTLY the sameYou want to listen to this episode of This American Life: _URL_0_
Why do men go bald more often then women?	Baldness is caused by something called DHT . It is a byproduct of testosterone. It causes finer hair and a receding hairline. Because men have more testosterone, they have more DHT. Some men are more susceptible to DHT which is why they get male pattern baldnessDNA, the blueprint for your body, comes from your parents. You get 23 chromosomes from your mother, and 23 chromosomes from your father. These are mostly matching pairs, with the exception of the chromosomes that determine your biological sex . Each of those chromosomes contains many genes, and in most cases your chromosome pairs are slightly redundant -- you'll have two copies for almost every gene. You may have heard the idea that some genes are "dominant" or "recessive", which determines which copy of each gene is actually used in your body. The dominant genes are used, and the recessive genes are mostly ignored. Remember how we said those 23 chromosome pairs mostly match? There is one important difference. For women, the 23rd pair is two X chromosomes . For men, the 23rd pair has only one X chromosome . Baldness is largely determined by genes on the X chromosome. It's recessive, so very few women will go bald but men only have one copy of the X chromosome, which means that it will always be expressed even if it's recessiveAnd when you do eventually go bald remember you can go bald to badass in two simple steps _URL_0_', "It's an X-linked trait . The X has areas on it that control the Y. If your one X is programmed to go bald, you will go bald. Women need interaction from BOTH X chromosomes in order to go bald. So women need to have a bald father, and a mother with at least one baldness-linked X chromosome. A man just needs a mother with the baldness gene.Soooo, when I was told that touching myself would make me go bald is in fact . true? God someone give me answers
Why very cold (liquid) beer, turns to slush as soon as it's opened.	If it's carbonated, then releasing the pressure causes the gas to expand - which drops the temperature suddenly, which freezes the liquid. It's also possible that the liquid may have been supercooled - that is, it's below its freezing point but unable to freeze because it can't find anywhere to get started. The sudden release of pressure, and the bubbles that form, may be just the starting points needed to allow it to freeze.
The camera effect where the scene freezes and the camera pans the scene.	IIRC, this technique was pioneered while filming The Matrix. They set up a lot of cameras — in a circle or arc around the subject. Then they all take a picture at exactly the same time. Ta-da! A moment frozen from multiple angles. Of course, there's some post-processing to clean things up afterwards — and the technique is compatible with green screens and CGI.
How are white Monster Energy drinks 0 calories when it has 2 carbs per serving?	Erythritol. Sugar alcohols are carbohydrates, but erythritol has a caloric value of 0.2kcal/g which allows the Monsters to be labelled as sugar-free and 0 calorie.You can legally put 0 calories on your product of the amount is less than .5 or something like that. It's practically 0.
When my bread goes moldy, where does the mold come from?	Mold is everywhere; in the air, in the bread, on every surface, on and even inside your body.It literally comes out of thin air. Spores are virtually everywhere! In fact, we probably wouldn't have beer today if that wasn't the case. Beer fermented with yeast was probably not a deliberate thing at first; the beer was simply contaminated by yeast spores in the air. Later people figured that out and started adding yeast deliberately. Some beers, such as lambic beer, are still made by relying upon the yeast spores in the air. So be thankful of spores in the air.Microscopic spores are caught by just about any movement of air. If they land on some suitable source of food, such as bread, they begin to grow.
Why do people put their hands on their head when something bad happens?	Just a theory, but it's likely derived from an instinct to protect our head/face when in danger. Another theory, it may be a learned form of non-verbal communication. It could be a way of signalling to others that there is a dangerous situation. This could explain why when a crowd sees something bad go down, not everyone does it. By contrast, if it was based on a self-defensive instinct, we'd expect more of the crowd to do it.
What happens with the relationship between large predators and their handlers? Why do those animals (mostly) cease seeing their human handler as food?	Predators don't necessarily just see 'all other things' as prey. In the case of large predators and handlers they're also tamed. They've been socialized to the presence of humans. They're certainly still dangerous animals, but they are accustomed to the fact that people are around, and potentially also have been trained to recognize that cooperation is better than confrontation .
why does it seem so many gas and convenience stores (US) are owned by foreigners?	They probably mostly are. It's not something someone born here would strive for necessarily, whereas for foreigners it's an opportunity to make a pretty decent amount of money for themselves, while not really stepping on too many toes along the way.
If a women receives donor blood from a man, isn't she technically 'on steroids' ?	Testosterone has a really short half life , so generally in the time it takes to collect and process the blood, testosterone has most likely been used up. Generally when collecting blood, we screen it for disease and abnormalities and then store it either as whole blood or plasma. Whole blood when your red blood cell counts are low, plasma is for when you have a low volume of blood and/or if you can't clot your blood properly.If a woman receives actual performance enhancing steroids as part of a medical treatment, she isn't considered to be "on steroids" in the sense that it's against the rules of any sport. If a woman receives donor blood from herself for no other purpose than performance enhancement this is considered "blood doping" in the sense that it's against the rules of various sports. Source: have been on performance enhancing steroids for most of my life, including while competing in various sports. I know of at least one Olympic athlete who was on the same steroids at the same time for the same reason in the same sport.Regular blood and blood platelet donor here. From what I understand, blood is very rarely stored as whole blood, instead being separated into its component parts . I would expect part of this process is designed to remove a mixture of non-blood components, including a lot of what you refer to. If not, surely, a blood donation from a donor who ate peanuts before donating, would contain nut antigens, triggering anaphylaxis if the recipient had a but allergy. Edit: would love to hear back from someone in the field, as I'm speculating, really
Why we can “feel” it when someone/something comes within millimeters of touching us, but doesn’t actually touch us	In general you simply cannot feel those things. If that thing is a different temperature it is possible you could feel the warmth or chill imparted to the air. Or you might actually have thin hairs from your skin touch the object which you could then feel. But most likely what you are describing is an imagined ability which doesn't actually exist when tested under controlled conditions.
What make a person gorgeous and why? Also, what makes a person ugly and why?	There are multiple articles and studies done on this, but basically it goes back to our survival instincts/days of early man. It wasn't about beauty, but a healthy partner who could reproduce the best possible child. So not too skinny or fat meant they were eating right, symmetry is a big thing- subconsciously, if they have a good symmetrical figure/face, it's "attractive". So basically what you might call hot is what, as early humans, we considered healthy and a good partner.Sexual attraction is your brain telling you that that person would make a good sexual partner. Large breasts are good for feeding offspring, wide hips are good for birthing your spawn, nice skin and symetrical face and body is good to show that one dosn't have and hasn't had any serious disease / illness. Can your brain be tricked. Yes there is a trillion doller cosmetics industry dedicated to just that. Is it subjective. Yes in midevil times [citation needed] wealthy people had access to food and didn't have to toil all day in the sun so culturally being slightly over weight and pale was considered attractive since wealthy people were the best mates . In more modern times the opposite is true with poorer people tending to eat junk and become over weight and work in offices with little sunlight, slim tanned people may be considered more attractive. Personality is important too, just as it is impossible to judge someone on just their personality, it is equally impossible to judge on just appearances, good models can convey a lot of personality even in a still image.
How would unbundling Google Search from the rest of the Google services prevent Google from monopolying?	For the same reasons as Microsoft in the 90's. Microsoft was dominating computing, specifically OS, but got in trouble for their bundling because it effectively prevented any fair competition The search engine may be google's primary revenue source, but there's no justification to fear a monopoly there: they may be the dominant engine, but are hardly the only engine out there.By bundling other packages though, you make that dominance in one field pay off in others Making competition for those other services tough because one-stop-shopping will almost always win- less effort for consumers than shopping around. Alternatively No one can argue that Google earned search engine dominance They aren't a monopoly, but close, because they simply did a better job than anyone else. Other companies had their chance and still failed, so it's not a monopoly.Bundling has been argued to prevent competition Google would win those other fields, not on merit, but on momentum, so to speak And that's a problem because it could cut a new, I locative and valuable competitor off before they got a chance. As long as competitors get a chance to prove themselves Even if they fail miserably, it's ok.
If the economist predicts a growth of 3% but it comes to be 4% in reality, was the economist off by 25% or 33%?	The prediction was off by 25% . Growth came in at 33% over prediction. So it depends on how you phrase itPretty sure it's 25% Formula for percent error is \|\| / actual value ~~In this case the economist's estimate would serve as the experimental value,~~ so \|\| / 4 = .25 edit: added absolute value bars for clarity. value is scalar, not vector edit 2: all semantics, but "experimental" was confusing and ambiguousActuary here, common question. When talking about percentage change, you 've got to provide context, and should avoid introducing a percentage that they're off. For example, what if real growth was 0.01%?, is the economist off by [] / = 29900%. That's not useful information. It's best to say what you said: 3% was predicted, actual was 4%. You will only ever introduce confusion by stating, "so they were off by 33%."The most common percentage error formula is this: % Error = \| actual value - predicted value \| / actual value x 100 In this case: % Error = \| 0.04 - 0.03 \| / 0.04 x 100 = \| 0.01 \| / 0.04 x 100 = 0.25 x 100 = 25%', "Both of the following statement are mathematically accurate: Actual growth was 33% more than predicted. Predicted growth was 25% less than the actual growth. Here's another way of looking at it with just hard numbers: 4 is about 33% more than 3. 3 is 25% less than 4. BUT as others are pointing out, conventionally error is described as a percentage of actual results. The different was one pp, the actual was 4, so we call that an error of 25% even though it's also accurate to say growth was 33% more than predicted.
What on earth is WWE wrestling about	Hey uh you know all those movies and TV shows you watch? They're not real either. You still watch those despite knowing it's acting, don't you?
Why does water and soap cause my shower to become a nasty, vile, putrid, black-mold infested cesspool of filth?	Because it's actually water, soap, dead skin cells, whatever you scraped off yourself, soap particles in hot soapy water flung everywhere which create scum, and bacteria. There's all sorts of nooks and crannies in a shower where the gunk accumulates and breeds. Clean often and in-depth!
Where does the term Generation X Y Z come from and now that we are on Z is AA next?	Generation X was the generation after Baby Boomers. They were called that because "X" is the stereotypical unknown variable and, at the time, nobody really knew what they were going to be like. They grew up in a peaceful, prosperous time of American history without any major social strife. They were also significantly smaller than the Boomers & largely overshadowed. Calling later generations Y & Z is just laziness.
How can fruit be GM'd or selectively bred to have no pips (eg oranges) if they wont be able to reproduce?	They graft branches from the seedless variety onto pre existing root systems of non seedless varieties. fwiw, where are you from? Pips is not that common a term for seeds.
Why do companies give away free stuff to new customers but I get bugger all as a loyal customer?	You said yourself you are a loyal customer. They've already got you! They're trying to create even more loyal customers like you via special promotions for new customers", 'Having people agree to a good deal when they first sign up is an example of a classic sales technique called [foot-in-the-door]: > Foot-in-the-door technique is a compliance tactic that involves getting a person to agree to a large request by first setting them up by having that person agree to a modest request. But, the good news is that often times if you complain to the company about not getting a deal a new customer has gotten, they will offer it to you as well.
What characteristics make a certain liquid/solid "flammable"?	Volatility, or the tendency of the substance to vaporize and form a gas. Liquid gasoline, for instance, is very hard to burn. However, the vapors coming off of the gas are easy to burn, because they have enough access to oxygen to easily complete the combustion reaction. As for solids, such as wood, the same principle applies. The reason that wood must be significantly heated before it will catch fire is because the heat causes some of the wood to break down. The products of this "pyrolysis" are flammable gases, as well as solids. The gases burn, while the solids do not burn.
Why do artists in older bands sound so different than artists today?	There is a thing called the Loudness Wars which is probably what you're noticing. Basically, old music was recorded more simply, but record labels found people like songs more if they 'sound louder' . So they started processing songs using a lot of Compression. Many people reckon this has destroyed music. [Here's] an article talking about exactly what you're saying, which might explain better than me.All the above. There is so much auto tune now. Also the sound is digital and not analog. I also think musical tastes have changed. Rock music is very marginal now. And what little rock there is never really heard except for the more commercial sounding bands. The Shinedowns of the world. Albums used to take years to craft. Bands had to your relentlessly to make a buck. Now an album can be released almost yearly by some bandsIt makes sense. I'm no music expert, but I listen to plenty of old and new music and I 've noticed the difference. I think it's mainly an evolution of style, because I 've heard modern artists that emulate retro vocals. Our vocal cords didn't change it probably has to do with more and more electronic mixing and "enhancement."On top of the posts about autotune and hard compression, both are correct , the "dreamy" sounds you describe was also a conscious decision on the bands part, it was all part of the style they were purposely going for
What exactly causes the mirage of reflective water on the road?	On a sunny day, when the road gets much hotter than the air above it, a temperature gradient is established, which bends the light upward. What appears to be water is actually bent light looking at the skyThis is an awesome example of optical effects in physics. So the road is hot as hell and the heat causes the air above the road to be hotter than the air higher above which in turn is hotter than the air even higher above! Anyway, the index of refraction of these layers of air change as the temperature increases. This change causes the light dispersed by the sky, which would normally hit the road or the ground and be absorbed or scattered, to bend through the air and enter your eye. You are actually not seeing water, but an image of the sky itself on the road. The brain tracks the image back from the direction that the light entered your eye. To your eye, it appears that the light comes form off the road. Source: physics student/ _URL_0_
How is it possible that police in other countries can fire their weapons so few times a year?	For the most part in Great Britain police officers don't carry firearms. Turns out it's pretty easy to not fire something you don't have.
How does Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) work/occur?	> Can anyone explain how this actually works from a physiological and psychological standpoint? Nope. The first step would be proving it actually exists, which hasn't really been done yet.
How do sewer systems in tall buildings work? Does your crap free-fall all the way to street level?	Generally sewer systems in high rise buildings are designed to avoid 2 problems. 1. free-fall of waste, both to avoid ramming into to the pipe at the bottom of the fall, and to avoid increase in air pressure in the sewer line at the lower floors. Increased air pressure might cause sewer gases and water in the P traps of lower floors to back flow. 2. Sewer fluids that are swirled around the edge of the pipes help wash the inside of pipe, and prevent build up that lead to clogs, while leaving the center available for air flow. Unfortunately, that's the limits of my knowledge, hopefully someone with a strong background structural engineering can give you more information.
How do we walk, and how does one become more graceful at it?	Hi, Here's a couple of tips that will help. You're going to want to rehearse these so that they can be locked into your neurology by the time the wedding comes around: 1. Imagine someone that you find REALLY sexy is waiting for you at the end of your walk. Really see them, hear, smell them, etc. Make this image real and imagine them down there waiting for you. 2. Alternately, you can imagine your husband waiting down there and you're walking toward him. 3. Do bodyweight squats. They'll help strenthen your quads and help you move smoother. 4. Before you go to bed at night, imagine yourself walking as sexy as you want to, moving smoothly as you walk. 5. Find someone that you know that has a really sexy walk and model them, meaning you model their posture as you walk, model their eyes and where they're looking, etc. Become that person for the duration of your walk. Hope this helps! Amir Campbell
How asthma puffers work?	They contain a drug that forces all the tiny pathways in your lungs to open up. The misting just makes it easier to inhale and get where it needs to be quickly, rather than taking pill and waiting an hour for it to start working.Well, depending on the inhaler, it alleviates two major symptoms of an asthma episode, or attack. First, the airways constrict, limiting airflow.The second is that the airways become filled with mucus, though there are some asthma people who don't have this symptom. Depending on the inhaler, the active medicine acts as a relaxant, and causes the muscles in the airway to release their tension and open up. That, or another medicine in the inhaler helps deal with the mucus, the specific mechanism I do not know. Like what ameoba stated, it is usually stored in a mist form for easy intake.If I can add, caffeine, while not a substitute to an emergency rescue inhaler, also acts as a relaxant to the airways, so it can help with a subtle or weak asthma attack or just simple wheezing. Again, DO NOT use it to replace or work with an inhaler. This is for very small wheezing episodes in which an emergency inhaler would be a bit wasteful and the wheezing isn't bothersome but just annoying. How I know? I have chronic asthma myself. I carry my emergency inhaler at all times because the weather, my allergies, or over-exerting myself can cause an asthma attack. For those who know the proper medical background and notice any mistakes in my explanation, please, point them out. :D
How does exercise contribute to our overall well being?	Our bodies are designed for movement. We want to move; sit still long enough and you will start fidgeting or bouncing your leg, stretching, etc. We get rewarded for these things by easing our stress, tension, and even aches and pains. Working out feels good on several levels. ~ It releases endorphins which are your minds 'feel good' reward system. Eating a cupcake or doing some light cardio both reward you. ~ It promotes circulation and works your cardiovascular system keeping your body healthy. ~ It keeps your metabolism up helping you maintain or lose weight even long after you stop exercising. The boost you get gives you more energy for days after your work out. The rewards for exercise are multiple but many of them come after the work out rather than during. So it can be hard to motivate yourself to begin the work out, but once you do, you benefit from it for many days after. If you do it regularly enough the mind will start to anticipate the good things that come instead of fixating on the sweat and work required while you're doing it.
Green Screens vs. Blue Screens in film productions.	The idea behind both screens is that a program searches for the color that the screen is and replaces that color with computer imagery. If you wear green in front of a green screen, the program will see the green on your clothing and also put computer imagery where you are, which ruins the effect. The biggest difference between a blue and green screen is the obvious one - you don't want to use blue screens when people wear blue and you don't want to use green screens when people wear green. However, you have a choice if you're not filming a green or blue character. Most cameras record green with less" noise", so you can pick up with contrasts against the green better in some cases. However, there tends to be more reflected green light with green screens, which can make color correction more difficult . Most programs are good enough nowadays that you can have a similar color in front of the screen without too much trouble. For example, a dark green shrub probably wouldn't cause an issue for a green screen in the right spot. As a result, a lot of films choose a color and stick with it because it can be expensive and time consuming to replace the screens on different setsThey both do the same thing. One possibility is the clothes were greenish, so they use the blue backdrop to avoid complications with the editing.
What's the percentage breakpoint of salt in water where it doesn't hydrate you anymore?	It depends on how much salt you have. Generally though saline used in medicine is 0.9% salt by weight, so 9 grams of salt per litre.
Why are you required to remove headphones for take off and landing on most flights?	Most emergencies happen during these periods, and the cabin crew want to be sure you will hear any emergency announcement that's made. And that you or your seatmate don't get tangled up in a cord if the plane must be evacuated.
how missiles "work"	a rocket has a couple of parts, the first thing is proulsion - usually a solid fuel that burns up, pushing it out the back, and forcing the rocket to go forward. The next bit is the payload, which is high explosive, designed to detonate when it hits its target. finally, the computer, and sensors. So the computer decides where the rocket is to go. as the guy said below " " which helps decide where the rocket is going. Also there are fins on the back of the rocket, these create drag and allow for steering
why do painkillers like percocet and vicodin contain a little bit of the painkiller and alot of acetaminophen	APAP kills pain in different ways than opiates & combining the two is far more effective than just taking the opiate alone. This means you can take a cocktail of the two and get better pain relief with lower cost/addiction potential. Another benefit - if you're concerned about law+order and preventing drug addiction/abuse - is that massive doses of APAP are really bad for you. We're talking "liver death, enjoy slowly dying over the next week with no chance of recovery" bad. Until a few years ago, we considered this to be an effective deterrent against "diversion" and allowed combination drugs to be sold as Schedule III controlled substances rather than the more restrictive Schedule II. Schedule II drugs have a number of legal complications - you can't get prescriptions that allow refills & those prescriptions can't be simply phoned into the pharmacist.Acetaminophen is hepatotoxic; you would have to take so many of them in order to get high on the 'real' active ingredient that your liver would give up the ghost. This means they can sell such drugs over the counter because they have reduced the abuse potential.
Why did hitting electronics (like old T.Vs) temporarily "fix" them?	Sometime problems were caused by debris on the circuit or a relay sticking. Vibration might shake the problem free, restoring normal functionOld circuitry suffered badly from dry solder joints. This is where the solder holding components onto the circuit board does not conduct electricity and deems that part of the circuit to fail. Sometimes, quite often actually, giving the TV a good thump would be enough to restore the failed joint, for a short period.
Why is it OK to use the same utensil on raw chicken all the way through until it is cooked?	If you work with food then it's not. You have to have separate utensils for raw & cooked: and it's especially important with chicken. At home, using the same fork or something like that isn't really a big problem as it's not a big chance of bacteria being transferred in any significant quantity, and it'll be killed again each time you put it back to cook some more.chef with 10+ years experience. depends on how your cooking. If you boiling or frying chicken then you would be sanitizing the utensil every time you dipped it in the broth/ oil. Grilling would be pretty safe but you want to avoid handling raw chicken then immediately moving cooked chicken. baking would be the least safe. Yes you have separate utensils for raw and cooked but there is a crossover point. Many people when chicken is 3/4 cooked either wash or use a new utensil but they are being very safe', "Yes, but that bacteria would be killed each time the chicken goes back into the oven. Even when it's done cooking, it's still hot enough to kill any minute traces of bacteria that you put on it via the thermometer or fork.
How do Area 51/ other secret service workers get chosen?	You apply to work for the government. Your next job in the government requires a higher security clearance. So, your life is investigated by the government, and they decide to give you a clearance. Then your next job requires access to compartmentalized information. So, you get a more through investigation. Eventually you have a clearance high enough that when they're an opening at Area 51, because some alien spaceship killed your predecessor, you're on the short list of people with "enough clearances" to do the work. You get a secure email from the Area 51 HR department asking if you're interested. Say Yes, and the MIB start erasing your friends. OK, I made that last bit up.You need a [security clearance]. That allows you to work with classified material at varying levels In the USA you have to be sponsored for one by the government agency that hires you. For something like at area 51 which is run by the air force then you need to already be working for the Air Force . To get a clearance you get investigated. That means background checks, personal interviews, interviews with people who know you, etc. It can take a while to get a clearance as well. For something incredibly sensitive I'd imagine you have to be invited and already know many security protocols but if you look at job listings for any big government job or major government contractor it will list what type of clearance is required. If you already have one that can look good on your resume.
How can phones make emergency calls without a SIM card, reception, etc...?	As stated already, you always need reception, there's no way around that. To explain the lack of SIM, you need only look at the meaning of the abbreviation: Subscriber Identity Module. A SIM is not actually required to make a phone call, it's just required to identify you and associate your phone with an account and phone number.Interesting little bit of information, most false 911 calls calls) happen on Christmas because people give their kids/loved one a phone, but it doesn't have service yet, so to "try it out" they call emergency services.As far as I'm aware you always need reception. Regarding a SIM card, that is essentially what relates a phone to a service provider and an account. Cell providers have agreed to accept any account if they are putting through an emergency call. Your cell phone always is able to communicate with a cell tower if it has reception, what's on the SIM card is what the cell tower looks at to decide whether to actually let you make a call or not. If you don't have one you won't get through, unless it's an emergency call.
How do I use Flashcards for studying?	topic name on one side, short description of topic on the other. So it could be an important name with a short explanation why the person, place, or thing is important. could be "member of the XXX cartel" with the members on the other side. Get creative, have fun. The point is to make a connection between the information on one side of the card and the other.It's a way of quizzing yourself. You write a word/name/topic/question on one side, and the explanation or thing you want to memorize on the other. Then you go through the stack of cards, looking at the name side and trying to remember what it says on the back without looking. Go through the deck a few times and eventually you don't need to look at the back of the cards at all. It's best for small pieces of information, like dates or definitions.
Why does it feel less hot to slurp a hot drink like tea or coffee than it does to drink it like you would take a sip of water?	When you slurp a hot drink, you are pulling the drink into your mouth along w/ air which cools the drink as it mixes. When you sip it like water, you are sipping into a closed mouth where there isn't as much air to mix and cool it down. You'll also find that some people slurp when they drink wine in order to aerate it and add flavor.
Why and what are puppy mills and why are they bad? Why don't "ethical" breeders sell to pet stores?	A puppy mill is a place that just breeds dogs round the clock and pumps out as many puppies as they can. The dogs likely won't get much attention or be able to play, run around etc its literally a puppy factory. Pet stores will buy from normal ethical breeders, but sometimes they might not realize that they are buying from a puppy mill, or they might not care as a puppy mill will sell the dogs for a much lower price then a normal breeder. Generally its wise to do your homework if you're looking to get a puppy no matter where you're looking.
How are movie companies able to get entire roads/highways/places shut down in order to film? If I payed enough money, could I shut down highways?	In theory? Sure. In practice? Not unless you have a good reason like say a few million dollars and a movie to film. "Just because" isn't going to flyThe city has the say in the end, but getting it done in the first place is going to take some serious cash. The detour is going to cost the city so they are going to want compensation.Filmmakers need to apply for a Filming Permit with the city, and the application process can take a lot of effort. The city then reviews the permit request, considers all the implications to traffic, businesses, residents, etc., and decides whether to grant the permit or not. And, of course, permits cost money, so it does cost a bunch of time and money to go through the permitting process. Note that cities don't automatically grant permits just because they're submitted -- if they did, they'd have some angry residents on their hands.
Why are car batteries so big if they lose their whole charge after leaving a dome light on overnight.	They're designed to put out a large amount of power for a short time -- enough to start your car engine, which is heavy. But the designers assume they'll be constantly recharged thereafter .Your typical car battery is about 50Ah13.8V = > 690Wh. If you leave a 20W lamp on for 12 hours you will have drained ~50% of your battery. Probably enough to prevent it from starting on a cold day. 690Wh is not a small amount of juice. Your laptop battery is 30-50Wh on average and it uses a more* dense li-ion storage means.
Why are the craters on the Moon so shallow and somewhat flat?	Gravity limits the size of mountains; that's why objects above a certain size are alway close to spherical. Rocks just aren't strong enough to be self supporting on a really large scale.
Why are tobacco companies banned from selling flavored cigarettes yet other tobacco products like flavored cigarillos or hooka tobacco is fine?	Flavoured cigarettes were really popular with kids 10-15 who wanted to smoke for the coolness but couldn't handle the taste of plain cigarettes. Cigars, cigarillos and hookahs didn't have the same appeal to kids and weren't working as a lure for them.
If someone needs a kidney transplant, does the donated kidney have to be from the same side? Like, can you replace a left kidney with a right kidney?	When a person receives a kidney transplant, it is not in place of one of their kidneys. The new kidney is typically placed in the patient's pelvis. The artery, vein, and ureter from the donor kidney are then connected to the recipient's iliac artery, iliac vein, and bladder, respectively. [This] image describes what it looks like pretty well. Like another commenter said, one of the recipient's kidneys is not usually removed unless it is causing a serious problem . There's also always a risk with surgery involving a highly vascular organ like the kidney, so there's no reason to tempt fate. So to answer your question, it doesn't really matter which side it came from or to which side it goes. Edit: Grammar
When bands tell politicians not to use their songs - who gave them permission in the first place?	Generally, you don't need to get permission, other than to get a license to perform the music in a public place. This isn't a license that someone has to approve based on the type of event -- it's simply a financial transaction: you pay the appropriate license for the appropriate event and you can play whatever music you like. But politics gets a little trickier. There's a legal concept called "False Endorsement" that basically says that you can't use a celebrity's identity to imply that the celebrity endorses you or your beliefs without permission from the celebrity. So, if you want to have an "outlaw all medical marijuana" and have a giant picture of Woody Harrelson at the event and call it "Woody Harrelson No More Pot Day", well, you're gonna find some legal problems. It's really the same thing with music. A politician will want some music to go along with the events, but the songs are closely identified with the people who perform them. So, an artist may feel that their music being a prominent part of a political event for a person or cause they do not support may be false endorsement.
If I take antacid after orange juice do I inhibit the Vitamin C?	No, the bile secreted when food enters the intestine is alkaline and one of its functions is to neutralize the excessive acidity of the stomach acids, doing the same as an antiacid. Adding another is not going to make any noticeable difference. Something that do affect the absortion of Vitamin C is dietary carbohydrates, as both compete for the same receptors. The less carb one eats, the less Vitamin C one needs.
If the use of antibacterial soaps and careless use of antibiotics is discouraged because it could produce very resilient and dangerous bacteria, how come mouthwash isn't being given the same treatment?	The "antibacterial" part of mouthwash is ethyl alcohol; bacteria are about as likely to develop a resistance to it as they are to bleach.
why do pens write better on a stack of paper than one sheet on a table?	The surface area on the ballpoint is greater when there is extra paper underneath. Extra friction is created when the ball has more surface to cling to, allowing the ball to roll along the paper, grabbing wet ink when it rolls along. Imagine a large marble rolling on your counter vs on your bed. The surface that the marble is touching when on the counter is very minimal. This marble may not have to rotate to move, it could slide or skip along the counter. The bed marble has to be rotated to move along the surface of the soft bed. Same goes for a well cushioned note pad, you need to rotate that ball in the point to get the ink to evenly distribute.
Why isn't a vacuum created in my body when I fart?	Vacuums would only be created with rigid bodies. When you fart it's more like popping bubble wrap; Your stomach compresses rather than having a vacuum.Fart happens due to the build up of gases by bacteria in your stomach. More gas, means more pressure. When you fart, you are relaxing your spinchter muscles in your anus. Thus, the pressure equalizes. When you are holding in a fart, it becomes unsettling due to the pressure. Of course, how would you know if a fart is creating a vaccum? If it did, it would only be momentary before the pressure equalizes.
Why does water taste weird in the morning compared to at night?	You'll have to be more specific, water sitting on your counter or stagnant in the pipes will be warmer and have more oxygen or minerals dissolved in it making it taste different. Other wise factors like brushing your teeth, or having a lot of build up of bacteria in your mouth while you sleep can affect the taste as well.
Why is it hard to speak when we are emotional?	Emotions are caused by chemicals being released in the brain. These chemicals can cause love, panic, fear, nostalgia, etc. When surprising information hits your brain, it can get flooded by these chemicals and can hinder other non essential brain operationsEmotions take up processing power and influence our responses. As soon as you start having feelings some portion of your brain is going to be taken up feeling those feelings and thinking about those feelings. This reduces the processing power left for thinking about what you should say/do. From there emotions are not just thoughts, they are "modes". Feeling love? Your going to start craving intimacy and what is more intimate than getting your partner pregnant? No time for condoms, considering whether this is a good idea, thinking about pulling out, your brain is geared to HAVE SEX NOW mode. Though more romantic like. Feeling angry? Your brain just went into "KILL THEM" mode. Violent thoughts, physically readying yourself to fight, lowering inhibitions about being injured or taking risks. Etc. Obviously these modes are not conducive to logical thinking or speech writing.
What causes the “burn” in muscles when working out?	When you perform strenuous exercise, the movement of your muscles require more energy than can be provided by aerobic methods which use oxygen from your blood. Your body is then forced to produce energy by anaerobic methods . These processes end up producing a substance called lactic acid which causes your muscles to burnThe short-term pain that you feel while doing something over a short period of time like weightlifting or sprinting is caused by lactic acid. Inside each of your cells, there are mitochondria . Mitochondria produce a molecule called ATP that provides energy for your cells to do things. ATP is produced by a process called "cellular respiration" which involves sugar and oxygen. When you work out anaerobically , the mitochondria can't complete the entire cycle of cellular respiration, so they go through "fermentation" instead- they produce a small amount of ATP and form the rest of the sugar into lactic acid. The lactic acid is released into your muscle cells and they become painful and fatigued, causing a burning-type sensation.I haven't researched this in any way, so take what i write with a grain of salt. Basically, when you're working out, you basically slightly rip your muscles, and after resting, the places where it ripped regrow so you end up with more muscle than you started. This is also the reason you shouldn't work out too much and rest properly
Why is the letter "Y" sometimes a vowel?	Even though we label letters as consonants or vowels, it's really only sounds that are consonants or vowels. And thanks to English's screwy writing system, "y" can be either - at the start of "you", it's a consonant, and at the end of "try", it represents a vowel . In the word "tray
What is the deciding factor in whether or not a light wave is absorbed or reflected?	Mostly the electron configuration and whether the light energy is the right frequency to promote an electron in the receiving material. Light hits electrons, makes them more energetic, and they either do so stably, unstably, or just arent the right match. Arent the right match and they go dtright through, stably and they are absorbed and unstably they reflect.When light photons hits the atoms of the medium, they come with a certain energy depending on their wavelength. And the atoms can only have certain amounts of energy in them, depending on what energy levels are stable configurations. So if the energy of the photon is equal to one of the stable higher energy states of the atom then it's absorbed, and the atom gains that energy and goes to higher state, if it's not, it's reflected.
How do people "grow out" of allergic conditions like Asthma?	This is ELI5, so simply put, your body gets used to the allergen that it overreacted to in the first place. The protein/carb/lipid tags on the foreign body are so familiar to your immune system there isn't any reason for it to go into a reaction. In theory most allergies can be "cured" this way, but for some reactions the risk isn't worth it. For less severe allergies, this is the basic premise of this aspect of immunotherapyI have no clue what the answer to this is, but I am almost 23 and my eczema seems to be getting worse as I age, not going away. So unfortunate.
Why does Nutella need no refrigeration or microwaving?	It's ingredients do not spoil at room temperature until said expiration date, similarly to peanut butter, and is edible as is; the ingredients have undergone their completed industrial processing and are safe to eat from the jar.
How can the car industry be so diverse, and still be so successful?	For the same reason there can be dozens of fast food companies, dozens of soft drink sellers: there is a huge, huge market with lots of different preferencesThe market for cars isn’t that diverse. You have major car brands and then companies that fall under their umbrella. 9 total
Aussies, what are bogans?	bogans are culturally marginal people. they wear shit clothes and speak in non sensical platitudes. they smoke value pack cigarettes and drink goon. they vote labor for the benefits, and are all about 'straya. they are borne of underage and unmarried parents - and again fall pregnant and create more socially parasitic spawn
How can you not bleed to death when surgeons cut you open? I mean a papercut can still bleed	They clamp major arteries, and use an IV to put fluids back into your body. For a minor surgery, the fluids are enough to keep your systemic pressure up while your body makes new blood. For major surgery, they give you whole blood or plasma, as needed.Cutting through the skin bleeds but the muscles in vessel walls contract to close down the vessels thus stopping bleeding. Any that don't stop can be burnt with localised electricity to stop the bleeding. Once inside, you can imagine that there are layers within the body surrounding organs. Layers of fat, fibrous tissue etc. Blood vessels run in these layers. You try to go in between these layers where possible to avoid cutting the blood vessels and minimise bleeding. Again if one is cut it either stops or you can stop it with small electric burns If big vessels need to be cut through then you tie an absorbable stitch around them to hold them closed until they shrink and grow closed
how do we know how old Saturn's rings are if we never been there?	When you say never been there, people's may not have been there but the rings have been analyzed through Hubble, Voyager spacecraft and Cassini space probe. It used to be believed the rings were created like 100 million years ago but ring features seen by instruments on Cassini -- which arrived at Saturn in 2004 -- indicate the rings were not formed by a single cataclysmic event. The ages of the different rings appear to vary significantly, and the ring material is continually being recycled. They think it could be as old as the solar system 4.5 billion years old. Here is the article:_URL_0_
Sunday trading hours (UK)	its more a nicety to the worker who would have to work those extra hours now on the rota that has been expanded to include all day Sunday. Even if its just a rest from the rest of the week. Also any government who suggested it would suffer significantly from all the retail workers who suddenly had to work that extra day a week, the day they normally reserve for seeing their family/children. this is only me speaking as a retail worker and having discussed this with both management and other members of staff. think of it as similar to the French traditions of closing for lunch between 12-2, its not particularly helpful from a financial point of view but people wouldn't react well to having to work over this period as it gives them time to relax.> Problem is all shops are only open 10-4pm No, not all shops -- it's only for shops over 280 square metres. The little corner shops would be still open -- if you have any in your area. In London, they are easy to find. "Small shops in England and Wales can open any day or hour. There are no trading hours restrictions in Scotland." > Why do we still have Sunday trading hours restrictions? Because they still have not got around to changing it. It would be nice if those 24/7 superstores could stay open 24/7, even on a Sunday.
The United States debt. Does it just keep increasing forever? what will eventually happen?	Your questions; Firstly, debt=public debt. That is the one you hear in the news all the time. It is what the government owes. The US debt is what we owe to the world, but as stated by /u/majiming it is mainly owned by the US, US institutions, and the people. If we default our perfect credit rating is harmed, and economic turmoil takes route. Will the government collapse? No. We might lose our credit rating to a downgrade. This means we are riskier then before, so if anyone lends us money they are entitled to more interest. Basically you are concerned about the debt. That's fine. But what you need to look at is the GDP to debt ratio, but the only links in a list I can find are outdated. Try searching for it on google. It wouldn't be a long, long time to pay off something like that. Our currency becomes less valuable due to inflation. This can be triggered two ways; 1)The cost of goods and services go up, or 2)The value of your currency goes down. It is a natural function of the economy if kept at a healthy rate. Source: I am an economist working in the government, graduated cum laude.
Why do certain sounds, such as nails against a chalkboard, make us cringe?	Iirc , the sound is made of frequencies at both ends of our natural range of hearing, but are NOT harmonic of each other. The auditory cortex has difficulty trying to make sense of the noise, causing unpleasant feeling.sorry i can't cite, and this may be incomplete explanation.
How does a ship force a submarine to leave an area?	The only thing a submarine has is stealth. It uses the depths, different thermal layers and silent operations to hide in the background ocean noise. Getting detected means the submarine is pretty much a sitting duck. It reflects either a mistake made by the submarine crew, or the skills of the surface fleet at anti submarine warfare. Attack submarines following or monitoring enemy fleets, even during peace time is common. When they get detected, enemy attack subs do things like blast their sonar, surface ships and aircraft drop sonar buoys over the location of the detected submarine. So the detected submarine gets chased away, and will most likely try to follow again without getting detected againFind it, ping the area, get in position where you could drop a depth-charge, and if they haven't freaked out and GTFO 'd yet, you drop a depth-charge and send their souls to the depths. depther depths? The sonar ping is not subtle. It's essentially shouting "HEY" on the surface and seeing if anything bounces back. The sub knows the boat is running active sonar pings, and knows exactly where the boat is. If they hear a ping, and then they hear a closer ping, they know the boat found them and could kill them all in short order.
Why do gas stations with the same name, have different prices from location to location?	Most such gas stations are part of something called a franchise, which means that the physical gas station you're at doesn't actually belong to the company that owns the name. Instead, the owner of the gas station pays fees to the company that owns the name, wears their uniforms, and follows their standard business model in exchange for the right to display that companies logo. The idea is that in doing so the gas station will get increased business because people will recognize the name as one with which they're familiar. Fast food is another industry where this is common.
Why do sunburns feel warm?	Blood is rushed to those areas for repair thus causing the feeling of more heat in a specific piece of your body.
Do worms travel with a single orientation? Do they have a "belly" side that they usually travel facing down with? Or do they just move without caring about their rotation?	They have a "belly" and a back . They are not symmetrical inside. The neural system is the top side, the digestive system is the bottom side. And they aware of which side is up and downNot all "worms" have the same body plan. Segmented worms, earthworms for example, are bilaterally symmetrical, and have a dorsal and ventral side. These characteristics are shared with all segmented creatures, ranging from earthworms to insects to vertebrates. Note: tapeworms, although "segmented," are not members of these groups. As pointed out in the thread above, creatures with dorsal/ventral body plans are "aware" of their physical orientationSo if you turn a worm on its dorsal side will they first rotate before crawling away? I think it is time for a science experiment.
Why are wedding dresses white?	Because Queen Victoria wore a white dress when she married Albert in the middle of the 19th century. A white wedding dress became fashionable, then the fashion turned into a tradition.And just to add: not all wedding dresses are traditionally white. For example, chinese wedding dresses are red . Of course, the Western tradition is now spreading, but that's quite a recent turn.
Why does our vision look black and white when it is dark and our eyes get adjusted?	In our eyes we have two different recepters called rods and cones. Cones help us see color and rods help us decern between light and dark. Cones are only useful if there is light, because color is a reflection of white light. Rods, on the other hand, are fantastic at making out shapes and figures when there is no light around. With no cones active, we are using only our rods making everything appear black and whiteThere are two types of light sensitive cells - rods and cones. The cone cells each contain one of three different rhodopsin proteins which respond to different wavelengths of light - red, green and blue - allowing perception of colour. Rods are more sensitive to light and can be activated by much less light than cones. Rods only contain one type of rhodopsin however so you cannot differentiate colours in low light.We have two types of cameras in our eyes. One's great in taking colour photos but is blind in low light – cones. The other has great low light performance but can't tell colours — rods. In the dark, our mind has to settle for what the rods say. Night blindness is caused due to weak rods.
Can dogs understand other dogs when they bark?	Dogs don't bark in a language like how you speak English. Languages are an invention which must be taught to our children and requires constant care and revision to be mutually intelligible. Dog barks are extremely simple vocalizations. Though it is probable that dogs have a better idea of why another dog is barking than your average human, that doesn't mean that there's any content for the dog to "understand". Dogs don't bark to communicate with each other in sentences, they are merely vocalizations that are indicative of aroused emotional states.
When it's sunny out, how does closing one eye allow you to open the other eye fully without discomfort?	Because when you close one eye, you're instantly stopping 50% of the light from entering your brain. That's why you wouldn't feel discomfort.
Please help me understand what systemic vascular resistance is.	Emergency Med. PA-C here. SVR is the back-pressure within your arteries that your heart must overcome each contraction to pump blood to the rest of the body
what's going on with YouTube?	I hihly recommend watching Ethens explaining what's going on. Basically what's happening is, that the people or the companies who want to advertise on YT are signing a contract. In the contract they can check boxes where it says something like -It's okay if the video I want to advertise on has: * Sexual content * Violent content * Strong language etc. pp. As Ethen pointed out, most firms wouldn't check any of those boxes. Therefore the videos can't be monetized. The problem that arises with this is that the content creators are forced to limit their topics radically. In this sense they can't talk about news because they might be brutal, they can't talk about suicide or any serious topic because it wouldn't fit into the "non-sexual, non-violent, non-controversial"-guidelines. But as Ethen also says, this seems to based on an algorythm that puts videos with certain tags on some kind of blacklist. So the easy way out would be to stop using those tags and titles. EDIT: This is the video I was referring to: _URL_0_There's no controversy, just a bunch of lame "creators" who don't know how to create content without stealing other content and they're crying about free speech like YouTube is the gov or something.
How and where does acid in our stomach come from?	Sure, we start out as a mass of cells, but that doesn't really say much. Cells are capable of a variety of tasks. Detecting light, moving the body, pumping blood, firing electrical impulses, creating new cells. Producing acid isn't especially unique as a 'cool thing cells can do,' cells do all kinds of crazy things including synthesizing lots of chemicals. Our stomach itself has gastric glands, with cells called parietal cells. These cells produce the hydrochloric acid we use in our stomachs, by combining hydrogen ions and chloride ions . This is secreted along with potassium chloride and sodium chloride to form the stew we call stomach acid. This process occurs continuously, to replenish our stomach acid as it is depleted.
the difference between murder and assassination.	Assassination is to murder as beagle is to dog. Assassination is a specific type of murder generally defined by its political nature or the prominence/celebrity of the targetAssassination is generally political in nature. When JFK or MLK was shot it was for a political statement and therefore an assassination. Also if the US government decided to kill a single individual that is an assassination. Murder is for a personal gain without political ramificationsThey way it seems to be used these days is pretty simple. If you are important you are assassinated. Regular Joes get murdered.
today's science's view of the shape of the universe.	If you're referring to the "observable universe", it is the distance from Earth we 've been able to observe. It's a sphere because earth is a sphere. That is not the whole universe
Under what circumstance could residents of the United States overthrow the government if said person/organization would immediately be charged with treason and/or imprisonment?	The entire point of overthrowing a government is that the usurpers are declaring that the government is not valid, and than none of its laws apply. If they succeed, then they rewrite the laws, and will not be charged with a crime by the new government that they create. Basically, overthrowing the government is only illegal if you fail.[Here's a fine example of how it might go down]. While much of that plot was never substantiated, and seemingly even more was swept under the rug, I would suggest that you first read this paragraph from the wikipedia page, and then read the rest with this in mind: The Congressional committee final report said: In the last few weeks of the committee's official life it received evidence showing that certain persons had made an attempt to establish a fascist organization in this country. No evidence was presented and this committee had none to show a connection between this effort and any fascist activity of any European country. There is no question that these attempts were discussed, were planned, and might have been placed in execution when and if the financial backers deemed it expedient.
Does the Earth make a sonic boom?	It doesn't, because it isn't moving trough anything. Sonic speed is based on the medium propagating the sound. No medium, no sound, no speed of sound, no sonic boom.
What determines if gas is expelled out the body as flatulence or a belch?	If the gas is liberated in the stomach, it goes up as a belch. If the gas is liberated once passed the pylorus, it will exit as a fartNot a biologist, but trying to apply common sense here: for a belch, the air would probably mostly enter your stomach alongside your food - think carbonated drinks, or maybe air trapped inside food is released as it starts to break down. If it comes out the other end, my guess would be that it was actually created there, due to gut bacteria doing their thing, chemically splitting up the food into its key components so your body can make use of it, and creating some gas as a byproduct. Given the amount of control you have over the volume of both types of gas you can expell simply by choosing certain foods, I guess that could be a reasonable explanation.
why is it that elderly people tend to wake up earlier the older they get?	You're looking at a biased sample set. Once they get old enough, they don't wake up at all.
How can so many movies claim they are the "#1 movie in America" and not be lying?	By not defining what they mean by "#1." If they don't say it's the #1 movie at the box office, or the #1 movie according to critical rating, or #1 highest rated movie on metacritic user reviews, or such, they're not lying. By not quantifying it they can easily decide for themselves what it means, and argue that it's just an opinion, that it's considered the "#1 best movie in America" by "some people". If you can produce one person who believes that, it's not lying. Even if it's someone who worked on the damn movie.because it doesn't say who is making that judgment. every movie can claim #1 movie in america b/c it's an opinion, and when advertised it doesn't say who made that opinion. so the advertising companies can make that opinion and it would be a true opinion. just like i can say i have the biggest dick in the world and not be lying. statement is so vague.
What does "paper money has no intrinsic value" mean and what are some examples to help understand the word "intrinsic"?	Intrinsic means inherent value that the item has just for existing. When they say money has no intrinsic value, they are basically saying that money is valuable because WE say it is valuable, not because money is naturally valuable.Intrinsic means of itself. Gold is useful because you can use it for jewelry, electronics, and other important things. Diamonds are useful in that you can use them as drill bits, knife sharpeners, laser focusing, etc. Paper money itself is quite worthless. You can wipe your face? Burn it to make a fire? It's only value is the fact that we assigned it value based on the number printed on it.
Where did the tradition of having bedrooms on the second floor come from?	Bedrooms have been upstairs since houses had two stories, because it puts them away from the public spaces, away from the livestock, and away from some of the creatures that crawl around on the ground. Also it's warmer in the winter, and catches more breezes in the summer.
How do you run for president?	- Convince a few wealthy people you'd make a good President and get them to help finance your campaign. Alternatively, be wealthy enough to fund yourself in the early stages. - Enter the primaries for one of the major parties, campaign hard in each state, press flesh, get people to believe in you, and solicit more donations. - Win the primary, and campaign across the country with the full backing of the party machine.
Why can't we build a graviton detector?	Basically, gravitons are just really hard to detect because their interaction with matter is so limited. We have the same problem with neutrons. It takes massive underground tanks just to detect a couple neutrinos. Detecting gravitons is several orders of magnitudes larger. To simplify the passage you posted, if we had a detector the size of Jupiter, it would only detect one graviton every 10 years because most of them would pass right through without touching any of the matter. There's also no way to tell the difference between a graviton and a neutrino - filtering out the neutrinos is almost impossible.
How do you stop texting and driving?	Easy. Just don't text and drive. If you have a condition where you literally cannot stop texting, you should seek a medical professional, but for most people it's just a matter of self control.

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