sentences listlengths 2 18 | label int64 0 2 |
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[
"cardboard is inexpensive in cost & cardboard is recyclable & cardboard is a kind of material & cardboard is biodegradable -> cardboard is a material that is recyclable, biodegradable, and inexpensive in cost",
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[
"the inner core is located in the center of the earth & the pressure at the center of the earth is extremely high -> the inner core of the earth is under extremely high pressure",
" the inner core of the earth is under extremely high pressure & extreme high pressure causes the inner core of earth to be in solid ... | 1 |
[
"the oceanic crust mainly is made of basalt & the continental crust mainly is made of granite & basalt is more dense than granite -> the oceanic crust is more dense than the continental crust",
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"the mantle is the largest layer of the earth & the mantle is located between the crust and the outer core -> the mantle is the largest layer of the earth located between the crust and the outer core",
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"earthquakes causes older rock to be on top of younger rock & earthquakes cause rock layers to fold on top of each other -> earthquakes causes older rock layers to be on top of younger rock layers by folding the rock layers",
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"the mantle of the earth is mainly made of silicate & the crust of the earth is made of basalt or granite -> the mantle of the earth is mainly made of silicate and the crust of the earth is made of basalt or ganite",
" basalt is a kind of material & granite is a kind of material & silicate is a kind of material ... | 1 |
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"active volcanoes are most common along tectonic plate boundaries & earthquakes are most common along tectonic plate boundaries -> active volcanoes and earthquakes are most common along tectonic plate boundaries",
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[
"california is located on the boundary of two tectonic plates & earthquakes are most common along tectonic plate boundaries & massachusetts is not located on the boundary of two tectonic plates -> earthquakes are more likely to occur in california than in massachusetts",
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"all waves transmit energy from one place to another & an earthquake wave is a kind of wave -> earthquake waves transmit energy from one place to another",
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"mountains are formed by plate tectonics & the appalachian mountains are a kind of mountain -> the appalachian mountains are formed by plate tectonics",
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"the collision of tectonic plates are found at the convergent boundaries & the collision of the boundaries causes rocks to fold -> the collision of the tectonic plates causes rocks to fold at the convergent boundaries",
" the collision of the tectonic plates causes rocks to fold at the convergent boundaries & a ... | 1 |
[
"a volcanic eruption is a kind of quick process & new land can be formed by volcanoes erupting by lava cooling -> volcano eruption can quickly form a new land when lava cools down",
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] | 1 |
[
"the subduction of tectonic plates may cause magma to surface from underneath & the oceanic plate is a kind of tectonic plate -> the subduction of an oceanic plate may cause magma to surface from underneath",
" the subduction of an oceanic plate may cause magma to surface from underneath & magma cools down when ... | 1 |
[
"volcanic ash in the atmosphere decreases the temperature by blocking the sun & emitting sulfur dioxide causes acid rain & an erupting volcano releases sulfur gas and ash into the atmosphere -> a volcanic eruption can cause acid rain and decrease the temperature",
" a volcanic eruption can cause acid rain and de... | 1 |
[
"the amount of sunlight usually is the same at the locations with same latitude & the intensity of sunlight is a kind of seasonal weather pattern -> locations with same latitude has the same seasonal weather pattern of sunlight intensity",
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"nitrogen is a kind of gas & most means over 50% of something & the earth 's atmosphere is made of 78 percent nitrogen by mass -> nitrogen gas makes up most of the earth's atmosphere",
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"the earth 's atmosphere is made of 21 percent oxygen by volume & the earth 's atmosphere is made of 78 percent nitrogen by volume -> nitrogen and oxygen make up 99% of the earth's atmosphere by volume",
" nitrogen and oxygen make up 99% of the earth's atmosphere by volume & most means over 50% of something -> n... | 1 |
[
"the earth 's atmosphere is made of 78 percent nitrogen by volume & the earth's atmosphere is made of 04% to 1% of water vapor by volume & the earth 's atmosphere is made of 21 percent oxygen by volume & the earth 's atmosphere is made of 036 percent carbon dioxide by volume -> earth's atmosphere is made of nitroge... | 1 |
[
"as altitude increases , the temperature of the air will decrease in the troposphere & an increase is the opposite of a decrease & as the altitude increases , the temperature of the air will increase in the stratosphere -> as the altitude increases, the change of air temperature are opposite in stratosphere and tro... | 1 |
[
"the earth 's atmosphere is made of 04 to 1 percent water vapor by volume & water vapor is a kind of greenhouse gas -> water vapor is a greenhouse gas accounting for 04 to 1 percent of the earth's atmosphere",
" carbon dioxide is a kind of greenhouse gas & the earth 's atmosphere is made of 036 percent carbon di... | 1 |
[
"the earth 's atmosphere is made of 78 percent nitrogen by mass & most means over 50% of something -> the earth's atmosphere is mostly made of nitrogen",
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[
"aurora is a kind of atmospheric phenomena & an aurora is created by charged particles interact with magnetosphere -> an aurora is an atmospheric phenomena that is created by charged particles interacting with magnetosphere",
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[
"photosynthesis is a source of oxygen & a source of something increases the amount of that something -> photosynthesis increases the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere",
" photosynthesis increases the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere & the photosynthetic life performs photosynthesis -> photosynthetic life inc... | 1 |
[
"oceans cover 70% of the surface of the earth & most means over 50% of something -> oceans cover most of earth's surface",
" oceans cover most of earth's surface & an ocean is a kind of body of water -> water covers most of earth's surface",
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"majority means over 50% of something & earth contains glaciers / ice caps & ice caps and glaciers contain 69% of the freshwater on earth -> the majority of freshwater is found in ice caps and glaciers on earth",
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"most means over 50% of something & ice caps and glaciers contain 69% of freshwater on earth -> ice caps and glaciers contain most of the freshwater on earth",
" ice caps and glaciers contain most of the freshwater on earth & glaciers are a kind of major reservoir -> glaciers are a major reservoir that contains... | 1 |
[
"deflection is when an object changes its moving direction & the drag of wind causes the surface of the water to change its direction toward the direction of the wind -> the drag of wind causes the water to deflect toward the direction of the wind",
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] | 1 |
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"oceans contain most of earth 's water & water is made of hydrogen and oxygen -> ocean water is made of hydrogen and oxygen",
" ocean water is made of hydrogen and oxygen & oxygen is more common than hydrogen on earth -> oxygen is the most common element found in the compounds that make up ocean water",
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[
"petroleum is a kind of fossil fuel & forming fossil fuels requires deposition and burial of decaying vegetation -> forming the fossil fuel petroleum requires deposition and burial of decaying vegetation",
" forming the fossil fuel petroleum requires deposition and burial of decaying vegetation & vegetation is a... | 1 |
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"soil is permeable & if something is permeable , then the water will flow through something easily -> water will flow through soil easily",
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"brown is a kind of color & color of the soil can be used to indicate the soil component & high humus content causes the soil to be brown -> if the soil has high humus content, then the soil will be brown in color",
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"earthworms create tunnels in soil & tunnels in soil loosen that soil -> earthworms can loosen the soil",
" earthworms can loosen the soil & the looseness of soil increases the ability of water to enter the soil & the looseness of soil increases the amount of oxygen in that soil -> earthworms can help increase t... | 1 |
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"sand drains water quickly & if something drains water quickly , then that something will have little capacity to hold water -> sand has little capacity to hold water",
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"high humus content causes the soil to be brown & humus is a source of nutrients in soil -> soil with high nutrients content will be brown",
" soil with high nutrients content will be brown & color of the soil can be used to indicate the soil component -> brown color can be used to indicate the soil is high in n... | 1 |
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"a plant requires nutrients to grow & soil contains nutrients for plants -> plants use the nutrients in soil to grow",
" using resources decreases those resources & nutrients are a kind of resource -> using nutrients decreases those nutrients",
" plants use the nutrients in soil to grow & using nutrients decr... | 1 |
[
"decomposition is when a decomposer recycles nutrients from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms & decomposition increases the amount of nutrients / nitrogen in the soil -> decomposers can increase the amount of nutrients in the soil",
" decomposers can increase the amount of nutrients in th... | 1 |
[
"potassium is a kind of nutrient for plant growth & wildfire removes the nutrients in soil sometimes & nitrogen is a kind of nutrient for plant growth & phosphorus is a kind of nutrient for plant growth -> wildfire can remove the soil nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium from soil",
" wildfire c... | 1 |
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"decaying plant is a kind of organic matter & organic matter is a source of nutrients in soil -> decaying plant is a source of nutrients in soil",
" decaying plant is a source of nutrients in soil & fertile soil has a high number of nutrients -> decaying plant can make the soil fertile",
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[
"rain is a kind of precipitation & a storm is a source of precipitation -> a storm is a source of rain",
" a storm is a source of rain & a thunderstorm is a kind of storm -> a thunderstorm is a source of rain",
" a thunderstorm is a source of rain & cold fronts cause thunderstorms as they pass by -> cold fron... | 1 |
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"prevailing westerlies are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude & united states are located in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude -> prevailing westerlies are prevailing winds that move from west to east across the united sta... | 1 |
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"a storm is a source of precipitation & snow is a kind of precipitation & rain is a kind of precipitation -> a storm is a source of rain / snow",
" a storm is a source of rain / snow & a thunderstorm is a kind of storm -> a thunderstorm is a source of rain / snow",
" a thunderstorm is a source of rain / snow ... | 1 |
[
"the ground radiates solar energy into air & solar energy can warm up the air -> the solar energy radiated by the ground can warm up air",
" if gas is heated then that gas will rise & air is a kind of gas -> if air is heated then air will rise",
" the solar energy radiated by the ground can warm up air & if a... | 1 |
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"the air mass over the ocean is warm & the air mass formed close to the ocean is humid in moisture -> the air mass over the ocean is warm and humid",
" unstable air mass can cause a thunderstorm & warm and humid air masses are usually unstable -> warm and humid air masses can cause thunderstorms",
" the air m... | 1 |
[
"mountains can cause the water in the air mass to condense & mountain is a kind of geographic obstacles -> mountain is the geographic obstacle that can cause the water in the air mass to condense",
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[
"a fly is a kind of insect & rolling in mud can be used to avoid insect bites by an animal & a moose is a kind of animal -> rolling in mud can be used to avoid fly bites by a moose",
" rolling in mud can be used to avoid fly bites by a moose & rolling in mud is a learned behavior -> a moose rolling in mud to avo... | 1 |
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"snow is a kind of precipitation & grey clouds are a source of precipitation -> grey clouds can be a source of snow",
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"condensation causes clouds to form & if something causes a process then that something is required for that process -> condensation is required for clouds to form",
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"when warm air mass passes over cold air mass, the water vapor in the warm air mass will condense & a warm front is when warm air mass passes over a cold air mass -> a warm front will cause the water vapor to condense",
" a warm front will cause the water vapor to condense & clouds are formed by water vapor cond... | 1 |
[
"clouds are formed by water vapor rising into colder regions of the atmosphere and condensing & water vapor is a kind of gas -> the condensation of water vapor causes cloud to form",
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"temperature is a measure of heat energy & condensing means a substance changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy -> decreased temperature will cause a substance to condense from a gas to a liquid",
" decreased temperature will cause a substance to condense from a gas to a liquid & water vapor i... | 1 |
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"temperature is a property of weather & the properties of something are used for describing that something & sky conditions are a property of weather -> sky and temperature are used to describe weather",
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"the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight & solar energy causes the weather patterns -> the sun causes the weather patterns",
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[
"erosion is when wind transports sediments & sand is a kind of sediment & deposition is when wind deposits sediments -> wind erosion and deposition can transport and deposit sand",
" wind erosion and deposition can transport and deposit sand & sand dunes are formed by the wind transporting and depositing sand ->... | 1 |
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"a landslide is when water / gravity rapidly moves rocks / soil downhill especially after a rain storm & erosion / storms can cause a landslide -> erosion causes rocks and soil to move downhill",
" erosion causes rocks and soil to move downhill & a mountain is made of rocks / soil -> erosion can cause the rocks ... | 1 |
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"erosion is when moving water transports sediments from one place to another place for a long distance & flowing water is a kind of moving water -> flowing water can cause erosion",
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[
"flood is the water that overflows the river bank & a riverbank is made of soil -> when it floods, water will overflow the soil on the river bank",
" when it floods, water will overflow the soil on the river bank & a flood is a kind of moving water & soil erosion is when moving water moves soil from fields / env... | 1 |
[
"sand dunes / arches are formed by the wind transporting and depositing sand & erosion is when wind transports sediments from one place to another place for a long distance -> wind erosion can form sand dunes and arches",
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"weather is a source of wind and water for weathering & sometimes weathering smooths / rounds rocks -> weathering by wind and water sometimes smooths rocks",
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[
"erosion is when wind / moving water transports sediments from one place to another place for a long distance & sand is a kind of sediment -> erosion can transport sand from one place to another place",
" erosion can transport sand from one place to another place & new sand is brought from other places and sprea... | 1 |
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"erosion usually occurs over a period of many years which is considered a long time & water causes soil and rock erosion -> water will cause erosion to the rock over a long period of time",
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"grass is a kind of plant & in the erosion process roots of plants are an inhibitor & the grasses are removed from the land -> the inhibitor of the erosion process is removed",
" the inhibitor of the erosion process is removed & the grasses are removed from the land & removing an inhibitor of a process causes th... | 1 |
[
"soil loss causes grooves in soil & soil erosion means soil loss through wind / water / animals -> soil erosion caused by water will cause grooves in soil",
" soil erosion caused by water will cause grooves in soil & rainwater is a kind of water -> rainwater can cause grooves in soil",
" rainwater can cause g... | 1 |
[
"rocks interacting with moving water over long periods of time causes weathering & sometimes weathering smooths rocks -> moving water interacting with rocks would smooth the rocks",
" moving water interacting with rocks would smooth the rocks & waves are made of moving water -> waves interacting with rocks can ... | 1 |
[
"rain causes erosion & erosion decreases the amount of nutrients in soil -> rain can decrease the amount of nutrients in soil",
" rain can decrease the amount of nutrients in soil & decreasing something can cause something to be removed -> nutrients in soil can be removed by rain",
" nutrients in soil can be... | 1 |
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"erosion sometimes decreases the amount of nutrients in soil & rain causes erosion -> rain can decrease the amount of nutrients in soil",
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[
"abrasion changes rocks from rough into smooth and round & abrasion is a kind of weathering -> abrasion is the kind of weathering that would change the rocks from rough into smooth and rough",
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] | 1 |
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"a mountain range contains mountains & a mountain is made of rocks -> a mountain range contains mountains made of rocks",
" a mountain range contains mountains made of rocks & sometimes weathering rounds rocks -> weathering can round the rocks in the mountain range",
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] | 1 |
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"roots hold soil in place & if soil is held in place, then soil erosion can be prevented -> roots help prevent soil erosion by holding soil in place",
" roots help prevent soil erosion by holding soil in place & removing trees will decrease the roots in the soil -> removing trees will increase soil erosion by de... | 1 |
[
"when water freezes , that water expands & if there is a crack in a rock, then water can get into the crack -> if water freezes in the crack of the rock, then water will expand in the crack",
" if water freezes in the crack of the rock, then water will expand in the crack & if water expands in a crack in a rock,... | 1 |
[
"soil is formed by weathering & weathering means breaking down rocks from a larger whole into smaller pieces -> soil is formed by breaking down rocks from a larger whole into smaller pieces",
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[
"scraping an object may cause small particles to break off of that object & a rock is a kind of object -> scraping a rock may cause small particles to break off the whole rock",
" scraping a rock may cause small particles to break off the whole rock & glacier may scrape rocks when it moves -> glacier can scrape... | 1 |
[
"rocks interacting with wind and moving water over long periods of time causes weathering & weathering means breaking down rocks from a larger whole into smaller pieces by weather / mechanical means -> interacting with wind and moving water causes the rocks to be broken down from a larger whole into smaller pieces"... | 1 |
[
"a boulder is a kind of rock & weathering means breaking down rocks from a larger whole into smaller pieces by mechanical means -> breaking down a boulder from a larger whole into smaller pieces is an example of weathering",
" breaking down a boulder from a larger whole into smaller pieces is an example of weath... | 1 |
[
"cycles of freezing and thawing water cause ice wedging & ice wedging is a kind of mechanical weathering -> cycles of freezing and thawing water cause mechanical weathering",
" cycles of freezing and thawing water cause mechanical weathering & mechanical weathering means breaking down rocks from a larger whole i... | 1 |
[
"cycles of freezing and thawing water cause ice wedging & ice wedging is a kind of mechanical weathering -> cycles of freezing and thawing water cause mechanical weathering",
" cycles of freezing and thawing water cause mechanical weathering & mechanical weathering means breaking down rocks from a larger whole i... | 1 |
[
"ice wedging is a kind of mechanical weathering & cycles of freezing and thawing water cause ice wedging -> cycles of freezing and thawing water cause mechanical weathering",
" cycles of freezing and thawing water cause mechanical weathering & mechanical weathering means breaking down rocks from a larger whole i... | 1 |
[
"oxidation of iron will change the iron to yellow, red, or orange color & chemical weathering causes iron in rock to oxidize & rocks sometimes contain iron -> chemical weathering can cause iron in rock to oxidize and change the color of the rock to yellow, red, or orange",
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[
"a plant 's roots slowly break down rocks as the roots grow & weathering means breaking down rocks from a larger whole into smaller pieces by mechanical means -> a plant's roots can cause weathering on rocks",
" a plant's roots can cause weathering on rocks & a plant is a kind of living thing -> a plant's roots ... | 1 |
[
"mosses produces acid from their roots & acid can cause rocks to weather by chemical reaction -> mosses can cause chemical weathering by producing acid from their roots",
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] | 1 |
[
"an example of weathering is a plant root growing into a crack in rock & a tree is a kind of plant -> a tree's root growing into a crack in rock is an example of weathering",
" a plant is a kind of organism & a tree is a kind of plant -> a tree is a kind of organism",
" a tree's root growing into a crack in r... | 1 |
[
"moisture is a kind of environmental factor & warmth is a kind of environmental factor -> warmth and moisture are kinds of environmental factors",
" warmth and moisture are kinds of environmental factors & warmth and moisture can accelerate chemical reactions -> a warm and moist environment can accelerate chemi... | 1 |
[
"an example of weathering is a plant root growing into a crack in rock & a tree is a kind of plant & a boulder is a kind of large rock -> a tree's root growing in a crack in a boulder is an example of weathering",
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] | 1 |
[
"acid produced by some trees can change the soil chemistry & a change in soil chemistry is a kind of chemical weathering -> some trees producing acid is an example of chemical weathering",
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] | 1 |
[
"acid can cause rocks to weather by chemical reaction & soil is formed by rocks weathering -> acid can form soil by weathering rocks",
" acid can form soil by weathering rocks & plants can produce acid -> plants can form soil by producing acid to weather rocks",
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] | 1 |
[
"acid can cause rocks to weather by chemical reaction & chemical weathering means chemical reaction causes the weathering of rocks -> acid weathering rocks is a kind of chemical weathering",
" acid weathering rocks is a kind of chemical weathering & lichens can produce acid to break down rocks -> lichens produci... | 1 |
[
"a drought is a kind of slow environmental change & a drought occurs over a period of months / years -> a drought is an environmental change that occurs over a period of months or years",
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] | 1 |
[
"a hurricane has high wind speeds & high winds are winds with high wind speed & a tornado has high wind speeds -> both hurricanes and tornadoes have high winds",
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] | 1 |
[
"low means low in elevation / height / altitude & area means a place -> low areas means places with low elevation",
" low areas means places with low elevation & as elevation of a place decreases , how much a flood will affect that place will increases -> a flood will affect low areas more than higher areas",
... | 1 |
[
"drought is when available water decreases in an environment & plants require water to survive -> drought will decrease the water plants need to survive",
" drought will decrease the water plants need to survive & plants drying out means plants do not have enough water to survive -> drought can cause plants to ... | 1 |
[
"a hurricane has large amount of rain & a hurricane has high wind speed -> a hurricane has high wind speed and large amount of rain",
" rain causes erosion & wind causes erosion -> wind and rain / storms cause erosion",
" a hurricane has high wind speed and large amount of rain & wind and rain / storms cause ... | 1 |
[
"the temperautre on lands is usually colder and less humid in moisture & moisture and warm temperature is the source of energy in hurricanes -> when a hurricane moves over land , that hurricane will decrease in strength",
" when a hurricane moves over land , that hurricane will decrease in strength & a continent... | 1 |
[
"disrupting something from reaching something else decreases the availability of that something & smoke from volcanic eruptions can disrupt sunlight from reaching earth 's surface -> smoke from volcanic eruptions can decrease the availability of sunlight",
" smoke from volcanic eruptions can decrease the availab... | 1 |
[
"heat and moisture above the ocean cause the formation of a hurricane & air is above the ocean -> heat and moisture in the air above the ocean can cause the formation of a hurricane",
" heat and moisture in the air above the ocean can cause the formation of a hurricane & warm means medium heat energy / temperatu... | 1 |
[
"flooding decreases the availability of food & a living thing requires food for survival -> flooding can decrease the availability of food required by living things for survival",
" flooding can decrease the availability of food required by living things for survival & a parrot is a kind of living thing -> floo... | 1 |
[
"drought is when available water decreases in an environment & as the availability of water decreases, the environment will become more dry -> drought causes the environment to be dry",
" drought causes the environment to be dry & dry conditions can cause fire -> drought may cause wildfires",
" drought may ca... | 1 |
[
"humidity is a property of weather and include ordered values of dry / humid & a weather report describes weather -> a weather report will describe the humidity of weather",
" a weather report will describe the humidity of weather & humidity is the amount of moisture in the air -> the weather report will decribe... | 1 |
[
"the air mass formed close to the ocean is humid in moisture & boston is a city that is near to the coast of the atlantic ocean -> the air mass in boston will be humid in moisture",
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] | 1 |
[
"the equator receives the most amount of direct sunlight throughout the year & the poles receives the least amount of direct sunlight throughout the year -> the equator receives more direct sunlight than the poles on earth",
" the equator receives more direct sunlight than the poles on earth & there is ocean fou... | 1 |
[
"the equator receives the most amount of direct sunlight throughout the year & the poles receives the least amount of direct sunlight throughout the year -> the equator receives more direct sunlight than the poles on earth",
" the equator receives more direct sunlight than the poles on earth & if something recei... | 1 |
[
"the climate is low in humidity in nevada & lack of moisture in the air causes low amounts of rainfall -> the low humidity in nevada causes the low amounts of rainfall",
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] | 1 |
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