text stringlengths 4 7.07k | text_hash stringlengths 32 32 | __index_level_0__ int64 1 1.81M |
|---|---|---|
= = Characteristics = =
| 7578e00b1806474d133aedda48bbb013 | 16,577 |
= = = Relationship with MacLeod = = =
| 7115854269f36188cdcffa7ebc3c5ed3 | 16,580 |
Tessa , and Kirsch 's character Richie , were designed as MacLeod 's mortal companions and contacts . Tessa and MacLeod are lovers and share deep feelings for each other . Adrian Paul commented that MacLeod spent twelve years with Tessa without wanting another relationship and that " ... she was a very important part ... | 285c828ed9cc92a58a7223300af9f488 | 16,582 |
However , executive producer Bill Panzer was intrigued by the idea that a mortal would want to spend their life with an Immortal , this choice having several drawbacks . MacLeod does not age , while Tessa is mortal and will age . Despite their mutual wish , they know growing old together is impossible and this uneasy ... | dd1b49023e271f456b6f834d9ac26215 | 16,583 |
Tessa occasionally meets MacLeod 's previous Immortal lovers . In " The Lady and the Tiger " , she immediately dislikes Amanda ( played by Elizabeth Gracen ) and the script notes that " ... sparks fly between the two women " . Although she quickly earns Amanda 's respect , Tessa feels like she has to compete with Aman... | 122ec95bca2aa9452eb92c48b3e1f21f | 16,584 |
In addition , Tessa shares with MacLeod the consequences of his involvement in the Game . She dislikes the Game and would like to escape from it with him , since she fears for his life . According to Vandernoot , Tessa " ... always thought that she [ would ] die before [ MacLeod ] " , but when he told her about the Ga... | f27e25549e0099e7c7402844b081138c | 16,585 |
= = = Character traits = = =
| f911c301ea5b7986be45f5012bdc8886 | 16,587 |
Vandernoot found Tessa 's personality " ... very nice , " " very understanding , generous , supportive . " MacLeod appreciates that Tessa always has a way of reminding him of his humanity . In " For Evil 's Sake " , she tells a guilt @-@ ridden MacLeod that " You may be Immortal , but you 're not omnipotent ... The wo... | 8d0e20e4e5cdc8b0fa7c623e989da236 | 16,589 |
Tessa is able to empathise with others , feel as they do , think as they do and so become like them . When MacLeod revealed his immortality to Tessa in " Counterfeit Part Two " , she can show compassion instead of the fear or disgust he expects : " I was just thinking how lonely you must be . Your parents , your frien... | f6ee515720a26fc5e37f53d9ca89d859 | 16,590 |
Furthermore , Tessa demonstrates great courage , for example in " Mountain Men " , where she is abducted by three mountain men led by Immortal Caleb Cole , who wants to marry her . Tessa refuses to submit and spreads doubt among them , resulting in Cole finally killing one of his own men before MacLeod rescues her . R... | 39601f76bd1de25f27f9a9660a41bd7a | 16,591 |
= = = Employment and career = = =
| e3499024975fd48a66d747fd35563f8e | 16,593 |
Tessa is a prominent professional artist . She organises exhibitions of her works and sells a metallic sculpture to the City of Seacouver to adorn a park . Tessa is often seen making art works and welding large pieces of metal together , drawing or using modelling clay . She is also seen sketching people with whom she... | c19ed42b090befa15edcacf4cbd2e069 | 16,595 |
= = Character concept and development = =
| afabb106136ab383f474d5f2794b2f65 | 16,597 |
In the script of " The Gathering " , Tessa is described as " ... a beautiful , elegantly casual woman , artist , free spirit , and proprietor of the most unusual antique shop in the city . " The script of the episode " Saving Grace " says that she has grace and style . Tessa is portrayed as a tall , thin woman with bl... | 0135d7dfe0cb20f60864b80fb5d24dc5 | 16,599 |
Vandernoot recalled , " I think I was quite close to Tessa , she was very well written , very easy to play and I wish I was like that . I 'm not sure I 'd like that but ... it 's very nice , you know , to play a character with nice feelings and nice emotions . " Vandernoot had to adapt to the North American way of fil... | 59c71f3933483bd8cd3c6104f9b57bab | 16,600 |
Vandernoot and Paul created a strong on @-@ screen relationship between their characters . David Abramowitz , creative consultant from the second season onwards , said , " When I saw her and Adrian together , I thought that if I died , and there was a Mount Olympus , that the two of them would be standing together wit... | acbb7a0f4e2fd49948500163ea544b93 | 16,601 |
Producer Barry Rosen said , " We were very lucky that [ Vandernoot and Kirsch ] were so human @-@ grounded , so we could really play off of them and the way they looked at things that [ Paul ] went through . They were also able to get into real @-@ life situations , romances , getting in trouble , jealousies and so on... | 8f46b948ab1d1e9463f5b0e30c8f4e36 | 16,602 |
= = Death = =
| 051e29d68f7ca4b2c88d5604a1c1fd5b | 16,604 |
In 1993 , Vandernoot wanted to leave the show because shooting Highlander was too demanding and required her to spend several months each year in Canada . Vandernoot also wanted to spend more time with her family . According to Abramowitz , a further , artistic , reason was that " ... a small part of [ Vandernoot ] be... | fb86fd7075473649e0030ed9bc8abf2f | 16,606 |
Tessa 's death occurs in the fourth episode of the second season ; " The Darkness " . The creative staff decided Tessa would die in a random carjacking incident . Tessa 's death played no role in the episode 's main storyline . It was not formulaic ; the writers wanted to shock the audience . Abramowitz said that " ..... | 16915e4b3b1c51c5d169d318d1529aeb | 16,607 |
During the filming of the episode , however , no dialog was recorded . The final version of the episode shown in North America did not show Richie revive . The European version showed Richie reviving , but no dialog was present . This scene was later re @-@ recorded in Paris in 1994 during the filming of the season fi... | 7ee9d5be2aa1100ff80f945b55f02c94 | 16,608 |
= = = Viewers ' reception = = =
| 7530e58154985aa3f76ee124957e5979 | 16,610 |
" The Darkness " had the desired effect ; Lineberger wrote that " I was taken aback by the dark tone and emotional range generated by this episode . Highlander is a fantasy series , yet I cared about the characters as though I know them ... Vandernoot gave Tessa such vitality and charm that her death left me reeling .... | 949d5a22ddfecf174a50356c0db7f7a2 | 16,612 |
The audience became angrier still when in the following episode , " Eye For An Eye " , MacLeod made love to Immortal Annie Devlin . Abramowitz explained the creative decision of his staff by saying that " ... someone once told me that death was an aphrodisiac . It 's a thing that pushes you to life and the greatest th... | c9b02b2d239b4aa63872893d631cb033 | 16,613 |
Tessa 's death was a turning point in Highlander : The Series . It marked the first time that a regular character died in the show ; it would be followed by the deaths of Charlie DeSalvo and Richie Ryan . Horvath recalled that " ... it changed the tone of the show . It made Highlander the show where you couldn 't be p... | 0986dc435e5b438ae29e6d6c81cfd350 | 16,614 |
= = = " Counterfeit " = = =
| 4fe380b16950f5a322bc50f489247b62 | 16,616 |
Tessa remained extremely popular with the audience after her death , prompting the producers to develop the season two finale episode " Counterfeit " to bring her back . According to Kirsch , Vandernoot did not realize her , or her character 's , popularity before attending conventions . Paul said that Vandernoot was ... | b54b994781f6f5c422055971e1bdd4e4 | 16,618 |
The " Counterfeit " story features the character Lisa undergoing plastic surgery to become Tessa 's double . Lisa was played by Meilani Paul before the surgery and by Vandernoot after it . The producers wondered whether the story needed to explain the change in Lisa 's voice , as she would be played by a different act... | 7addbade8b3fa65a96549a7736df9085 | 16,619 |
Adrian Paul said that Vandernoot portrayed Lisa as a smoker to mark her out as a different character from Tessa . Paul also said that his lovemaking scene with Vandernoot had to reflect the different relationship between MacLeod and Lisa from that between MacLeod and Tessa . According to Paul , Lisa was more like a te... | f0345de4ae3532a8650dd52d94fbc1fd | 16,620 |
= = Critical reception = =
| 665d8b05c2aaeb7152997a12a8446d6b | 16,622 |
Bill Panzer said that Tessa became popular with the program 's audience . Rob Lineberger called Tessa " ... beautiful and spirited , " and said that " ... she is the perfect mortal foil for MacLeod 's heavy concerns . She lightens and strengthens him . " Reviewer Abbie Bernstein of the Audio Video Revolution website w... | 41c9dcc03bb4f907086a1c155f54f0c4 | 16,624 |
Reviewer David M. Gutierrez , also of DVDVerdict.com , noted the " ... strong on @-@ screen chemistry between Tessa and MacLeod . " So did Lineberger : " One gets the feeling they have been together for years , though the series is fresh out of the box , " and he added , " Together , they are a model couple . They hav... | 1126fd8ed3a81e8d1462778fdfda57e1 | 16,625 |
Discussing Vandernoot 's performance , Lineberger called her a " ... gifted actor " , saying that " ... she has the poise , restraint , and grace to be both sensual and frustrated , accomplished yet vulnerable , mortal but aware of greater concerns . " John Goff of Variety noted that Vandernoot was " attractive " and ... | 1cab0beecfbae28b868de04f1a21b23b | 16,626 |
Reviewing the episode " Counterfeit " , Gutierrez wrote that " ... despite the fact that the having an exact twin of Tessa 's pop up is flatly ludicrous , it plays out due to MacLeod 's desire to have Tessa back overriding his sense of reason . ( ... ) Vandernoot likes the Tessa character quite a bit and gave me the i... | b0205d302d068c7ca50b86d1932020ab | 16,627 |
= M @-@ 5 ( Michigan highway ) =
| e88140beb12793d2ef54dc9d23788625 | 16,630 |
M @-@ 5 , commonly referred to as Grand River Avenue and the northern section as the Haggerty Connector , is a 20 @.@ 807 @-@ mile @-@ long ( 33 @.@ 486 km ) state trunkline highway in the Metro Detroit area of the US state of Michigan . The highway runs through suburbs in Oakland and Wayne counties in addition to par... | a4faa9bf2db3ad237b7297bba55e0a5c | 16,632 |
Grand River Avenue started as the path of an early wagon trail in the Michigan Territory , carrying settlers from Detroit inland along a route previously used by Native Americans . It was later a plank road that helped to connect Detroit with the state capital of Lansing and Grand Rapids . When the state highway syste... | 3202f1ea7f06164d01bdc5482926c24b | 16,633 |
= = Route description = =
| 492dd728c7998b12b26ca6c56c46440f | 16,635 |
M @-@ 5 starts at a roundabout intersection with Pontiac Trail in Commerce Township . It runs south @-@ southwesterly from here in Oakland County as a divided highway between suburban residential subdivisions in the township . South of Maple Road , the highway is bordered by commercial developments to the east and Lon... | 31eb1494624368f2dfd10e2ab8ede8d5 | 16,637 |
The next interchange for the M @-@ 5 freeway connects to Grand River Avenue and 10 Mile Road . This section of the freeway bypasses residential areas of Farmington Hills . Further east , M @-@ 5 crosses into Farmington where it bypasses the downtown area of the suburb . Past 9 Mile Road , the freeway ends at the inter... | 7c5f4bff43b5f3316c4d68fa9df01bc0 | 16,638 |
The northwest corner of Detroit is mostly residential as M @-@ 5 intersects US 24 ( Telegraph Road ) . Past Telegraph , Grand River Avenue forms the northern boundary of the Grand Lawn Cemetery and later the southern boundary of the New Rogell Golf Course . The properties bordering M @-@ 5 transition to commercial use... | 42ae72bf7a3900324fd834d775a07363 | 16,639 |
M @-@ 5 is maintained by the Michigan Department of Transportation ( MDOT ) like other state highways in Michigan . As a part of these maintenance responsibilities , the department tracks the volume of traffic that uses the roadways under its jurisdiction . These volumes are expressed using a metric called annual aver... | b7e585e017603f0d1f3b8dcf521ffdbf | 16,640 |
= = History = =
| fd3fc667e330e6e3944a4f085f9ef39d | 16,642 |
= = = Previous designation = = =
| d9e8642951209d7ff9501178c1846bc8 | 16,645 |
Starting in 1933 , M @-@ 5 was used as the designation along a section of highway that was previously part of US 2 in Mackinac and Chippewa counties in the Upper Peninsula . This designation was in use until 1939 when it was replaced by M @-@ 129 .
| 5c4caca2873a1204c1e2aa856d23f7ed | 16,647 |
= = = Current designation = = =
| 1c5303a6684888bee99b6964942c6f9f | 16,649 |
= = = = Grand River Avenue = = = =
| 8ddd9b399b1d056949a679763fbefedd | 16,652 |
The chief transportation routes in 1701 were the Indian trails that crossed the future state of Michigan ; the Grand River Trail was one of these thirteen trails at the time . Detroit created 120 @-@ foot ( 37 m ) rights @-@ of @-@ way for the principal streets of the city , Grand River Avenue included , in 1805 . Thi... | 9a0636b4d73e513c91f0dea791ef4454 | 16,654 |
The opening of the Erie Canal in New York in 1826 brought new settlers to the Great Lakes region , and to the future state of Michigan . Many of these settlers began their inland journeys in Detroit . At first the Grand River Road was a " deep rutted , ditch bordered road " . The Grand River Road was a major route for... | 1211f86dbdcdaf96f8e59d84a814f747 | 16,655 |
In 1850 , the Michigan State Legislature established the Lansing and Howell Plank Road Company , which set about converting various Indian trails into the Lansing – Howell Plank Road , a task the company completed by 1853 . At Howell the road connected with the Detroit – Howell Plank Road , establishing the first impr... | c30696b5111193b7c7544e81086e3535 | 16,656 |
By 1900 , only a short stretch of the Detroit – Howell Plank Road was still make of planks ; most of the other plank roads had been converted to gravel by this time . When the Michigan State Highway Department ( MSHD ) had numbered and signed highways in the state in 1919 , it applied the M @-@ 16 number to Grand Rive... | d53a295e4a30492125339310546f9b49 | 16,657 |
The M @-@ 16 designation lasted for seven years . As the states were meeting with the American Association of State Highway Officials ( AASHO , now AASHTO ) to plan the United States Numbered Highway System , the route of M @-@ 16 was originally planned to be included in US 18 . When the system was announced on Novemb... | 73d0f4ec1b29af8c936ea8503d485db3 | 16,658 |
= = = = Metro Detroit freeways = = = =
| 2cd1e8c4166303e09a0da61cc7ab5d84 | 16,660 |
MSHD had plans to upgrade the US 16 corridor to freeway standards in the middle of the 20th century . The first planning map in 1947 for what later became the Interstate Highway System showed a highway in the corridor . The General Location of National System of Interstate Highways Including All Additional Routes at U... | b586cd694d33349b37d63a4654f4dca6 | 16,662 |
The segments of the road between Brighton and Farmington were upgraded in 1956 . The MSHD initially signed the various freeways as Interstates in 1959 , and US 16 through the Farmington area gained the additional I @-@ 96 numbering . Two years later , the business route through Farmington was redesignated as a busines... | a2cb136f969bee2f6d3c0165556f3815 | 16,663 |
When I @-@ 96 was completed in 1977 , several highway designations were shifted in the Metro Detroit area . The BS I @-@ 96 designation was removed from Grand River Avenue . Rather than revert to its original number , M @-@ 16 , MDOT selected M @-@ 5 as the new highway designation . Grand River was signed as M @-@ 5 b... | b278cde4c438297eeba4257af733bd4f | 16,664 |
= = = = Haggerty Connector = = = =
| 79e32e860facda1632c9b8c759fb9d38 | 16,666 |
A freeway running north of Novi to the Davisburg area was included in the original Interstate Highway plans for Michigan . Originally included in the corridor for I @-@ 275 , the Michigan Highway Commission canceled the northern section of the highway on January 26 , 1977 , after it spent $ 1 @.@ 6 million ( equivalen... | 99890e7a067da00349c5d5aacfac3261 | 16,668 |
After many years of inactivity , further work began along this same route , but the resulting highway was designated as a northern extension to M @-@ 5 rather than I @-@ 275 or M @-@ 275 . The first section of this freeway extension was opened in October 1994 . This extended the route from M @-@ 5 's previous terminus... | 1cc85b2594246b756d21e99a6217d36f | 16,669 |
= = Exit list = =
| 67b8fb394e185041fb49a31c1253a350 | 16,671 |
All exits are unnumbered .
| 6ba09f7b5c9912ec439a02e14a0fd23f | 16,673 |
= McAllister Tower Apartments =
| 54a36170b0ab372256c0dde4cc4836eb | 16,676 |
McAllister Tower Apartments is a 28 @-@ story , 94 m ( 308 ft ) residential apartment skyscraper at 100 McAllister Street in San Francisco , California . The property is owned and operated by the University of California , Hastings College of the Law . The tower includes mixed @-@ use offices on various floors , and t... | d260ae96ab200d30a97a6b27590b872c | 16,678 |
Conceived as an unusual combination of a large church surmounted by a hotel , construction of the building brought architectural dispute . Initially designed by Timothy L. Pflueger in the style of Gothic Revival , the investors fired his firm and hired Lewis P. Hobart , who changed little of Pflueger 's design . In a ... | 9eee3e6aac1f6c46d51971385d5c91d5 | 16,679 |
Reopening as university housing and offices in 1981 , McAllister Tower is home to some 300 law students and their families . " The Tower " is sited one block from the administrative and scholastic center of Hastings College of the Law , and is the most prominent building in the district .
| f3195c73890e5d471fda4d15110d0f86 | 16,680 |
= = History = =
| fd3fc667e330e6e3944a4f085f9ef39d | 16,682 |
= = = Church and hotel = = =
| 3e71c75d6d3a67591517989fcc203f73 | 16,685 |
The skyscraper at 100 McAllister began in 1920 with a plan formulated by Reverend Walter John Sherman to merge four of the largest Methodist Episcopal congregations in San Francisco , sell their various churches and properties and combine their assets to build a " superchurch " with a hotel on top of it . From their i... | 3aef59234725d4ea968f61238f8334cd | 16,687 |
Beginning in 1925 , Pflueger designed a 308 ft ( 94 m ) , 28 @-@ story , step @-@ back skyscraper made of brick framed with steel , along the lines of his just @-@ completed Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Company Building . Its main decorative theme was neo @-@ Gothic , expressed strongly in the three Gothic arches whi... | 3295c29f86eb642d47393ce7a804a350 | 16,688 |
In a dispute , the architectural firm of Miller and Pflueger was fired from the project , and was replaced by Lewis P. Hobart . Miller and Pflueger sued for $ 81 @,@ 600 , alleging that Hobart 's design was little changed from Pflueger 's original . Three months after the hotel and church opened in January 1930 , Mill... | 148eaf99440bd0b69c345651feb6b69f | 16,689 |
Dedication of the church 's pipe organ took place August 31 , 1930 . The combined congregation was very satisfied with their new place of worship .
| d08affc6a3b07957bb3103af37c2ecd8 | 16,690 |
Eventually costing US $ 2 @.@ 8 million ( $ 40 million in current value ) , the building 's completion required several rounds of new financing from its investors in order to overcome unanticipated expenses . Unfortunately for the congregation , the idea of a hotel above a church didn 't attract the requisite number o... | e11cea4bf3ca0024f5b56c408561af95 | 16,691 |
From 1990 through 2001 , the church housed the theater of George Coates Performance Works – an experimental multi @-@ media theater troupe that utilized the 60 foot high vaulted ceiling for projections .
| a407b69e20dbc8368da3fd25ef80facd | 16,692 |
= = = Empire Hotel = = =
| 5ec006d6b8ab8bc82d95a96e17838d0f | 16,694 |
By November 1936 , enough debt had accumulated that a bondholder 's protective committee foreclosed on the property , buying it back for $ 750 @,@ 000 . The Temple Methodist congregation lost its investment and was asked to leave . The Skinner Opus pipe organ was removed to be sold to Occidental College in Los Angeles... | b6fc826794b987712bf2db9568216375 | 16,696 |
= = = Federal offices = = =
| 3315e93556be2dfeb995b7d04ba06e43 | 16,698 |
At the beginning of direct American involvement in World War II , the U.S. government bought the building and converted it to federal offices , officer billets , spaces used by the Army 's Ordnance Procurement department , a passport agency and an induction center run by the local draft board . The high vaulted ceilin... | 708f7db426a028a0f3ecbbf163f3d5a6 | 16,700 |
Many federal groups at 100 McAllister moved their offices in 1959 – 1960 to the newly built federal building at 450 Golden Gate Avenue , later named the Phillip Burton Federal Building . Occupancy at 100 McAllister was low , though the United States Army Corps of Engineers moved their San Francisco District offices th... | 4875a6df85f3e394b44aabcdb7ea6ec0 | 16,701 |
= = = UC Hastings = = =
| 6aed0eaa80e75c9a07bdf453661d36c8 | 16,703 |
In 1978 , the University of California , Hastings College of the Law bought the building , the most prominent in the Tenderloin district , and began two years of refurbishment and redesign . Calling it " McAllister Tower " , 248 units were modernized for residential use by law students , and the building opened in 198... | 416d15b17ff5411e98dc7c51022c124b | 16,705 |
The old Sky Room with its spectacular 360 @-@ degree view reopened in 1999 as the James Edgar Hervey Skyroom , in honor of alumnus James Edgar Hervey , Class of 1950 , a prominent San Diego trial lawyer . It is used as a space for student study by day ( no alcohol allowed ) and is available for special events in the e... | 5441f3f182c5141e1e957ffda6c1ce89 | 16,706 |
The Great Hall remains un @-@ refurbished and has been judged by UC Hastings to be in need of substantial repair and improvement , including major architectural engineering work . The college has plans to create a 400 @-@ seat performing arts venue within the Great Hall .
| f6881f77a488a050e1e8d3ab0aad0601 | 16,707 |
= Karamokho Alfa =
| d75f002d9ac555e939290fbe7a76ce87 | 16,710 |
Karamokho Alfa ( born Ibrahima Musa Sambeghu and sometimes called Alfa Ibrahim ) ( died c . 1751 ) was a Fula religious leader who led a jihad that created the Imamate of Futa Jallon in what is now Guinea . This was one of the first of the Fulbe jihads that established Muslim states in West Africa .
| 9d33340878337dedb42b53fdbb13c9bd | 16,712 |
Alfa Ba , Karamoko Alfa 's father , formed a coalition of Muslim Fulbe and called for the jihad in 1725 , but died before the struggle began . The jihad was launched around 1726 @-@ 1727 . After a crucial , concluding victory at Talansan , the state was established at a meeting of nine Fulbe ulama who each represented... | 43b32f0cf51d20e1818d06e679eaa414 | 16,713 |
= = Background = =
| d514b18e9690308b2ac67a227be74a70 | 16,715 |
The Futa Jallon is the highland region where the Senegal and Gambia rivers rise . In the fifteenth century the valleys were occupied by Mandé peoples - Susu and Yalunka farmers . Around that time , Fulbe herders began moving into the region , grazing their livestock on the plateaux . At first they peacefully accepted ... | 6349e1ff53733daf31b15732c291bc4f | 16,717 |
Europeans began to establish trading posts on the upper Guinea coast in the seventeenth century , stimulating a growing trade in hides and slaves . The pastoral Fulbe expanded their herds to meet the demand for hides . They began to compete for land with the agriculturalists , and became interested in the profitable s... | 9e32eb106273d98dbdf7bb27679f1fdb | 16,718 |
In the last quarter of the seventeenth century the Zawāyā reformer Nasir al @-@ Din launched a jihad to restore purity of religious observance in the Futa Toro region to the north . He gained support from the Torodbe clerical clan against the warriors , but by 1677 the movement had been defeated . Some of the Torodbe ... | 6101246e306fbea779f0af153f095c20 | 16,719 |
= = Jihad = =
| 3381558915acc6737b1cff7f93ae03fe | 16,721 |
Alfa Ba , Karamoko Alfa 's father , formed a coalition of Muslim Fulbe and called for the jihad in 1725 , but died before the struggle began . The jihad was launched around 1726 or 1727 . The movement was primarily religious , and its leaders included both Mandé and Fulbe marabouts . The jihad also attracted some form... | 9a8b2eadd8395fc3ca470147aad8efbf | 16,723 |
According to tradition , Ibrahim Sori symbolically launched the war in 1727 by destroying the great ceremonial drum of the Yalunka people with his sword . The jihadists then won a major victory at Talansan . A force of 99 Muslims defeated a non @-@ Muslim force ten times greater , killing many of their opponents . Aft... | 781cecc8c24b1197bc129d77e346b280 | 16,724 |
Karamoko Alfa managed to enlist disadvantaged groups such as gangs of young men , outlaws and slaves . Karamokho Alfa 's maternal cousin was Maka Jiba , the ruler of Bundu , and both men studied in Fugumba under the famous scholar Tierno Samba . However , there are no records of Bundu participation in the Futa Jallon ... | 0c5758c5f5d99177ed47662bcc5d4060 | 16,725 |
= = Ruler = =
| c55c9c3553b4e190ed7358f5edbacc38 | 16,727 |
Karamokho Alfa was constrained by the other eight ulama , each of whom ruled their own province , or diwal . The structure of the new Fulbe state had an almami at its head , Karamokho Alfa being the first , with his political capital at Timbo . However , some of the other Ulama had more secular power than Karamokho Al... | af1299af99bca1b371a76f3084bcbb42 | 16,729 |
Karamokho Alfa was known for his Islamic scholarship and piety . He respected the rights of the old " masters of the soil " , saying " it was Allah who had established them . " Despite this ruling , the imams reserved the right to reassign land , since they held it in trust for the people . In effect the existing prop... | 42e11e657c344efbd9cd6dc50d23e02b | 16,730 |
= = Legacy = =
| b4fa22c13235a44f06adb277883cbe5d | 16,732 |
Karamokho Alfa died around 1751 and was formally succeeded by Ibrahim Sori , his cousin . Ibrahim Sori Mawdo was chosen because Alfa Saadibu , son of Karamoko Alfa , was too young . Ibrahim Sori was an aggressive military commander who initiated a series of wars . After many years of conflict , Ibrahim Sori achieved a... | 25356e809ad5d17bbe25e31fb3c712d5 | 16,734 |
Under Ibrahima Sori slaves were sold to obtain munitions needed for the wars . This was considered acceptable as long as the slaves were not Muslim . The jihad created a valuable supply of slaves from the defeated peoples that may have provided a motive for further conquests . The Fulbe ruling class became wealthy sla... | 5130c1f77471d4b679d9d6f258cc93c1 | 16,735 |
The jihad in Futa Jallon was followed by a jihad in Futa Toro between 1769 and 1776 led by Sileymaani Baal . The largest of the Fulani jihads was led by the scholar Usman dan Fodio and established the Sokoto Caliphate in 1808 , stretching across what is now the north of Nigeria . The Fulbe Muslim state of Masina was e... | ddd9c43417fdbdad85c49c6781fdabed | 16,736 |
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