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The 12 @-@ year @-@ old Jennings auditioned for a spot on KVOW in Littlefield , Texas . Owner J.B. McShan , along with Emil Macha , recorded Jennings 's performance . McShan liked his style and hired him for a weekly 30 @-@ minute program . Following this successful introduction , Jennings formed his own band . He ask...
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At age 16 , after several disciplinary infractions , tenth @-@ grader Jennings was convinced to drop out of high school by the superintendent . Upon leaving school , he worked for his father in the produce store , also taking temporary jobs . Jennings felt that music , his favorite activity , would turn into his caree...
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In addition to performing on air for KVOW , Jennings started to work as a DJ in 1956 , and moved to Lubbock . His program ran for six hours , from 4 : 00 in the afternoon to 10 : 00 in the evening . Jennings played two hours of Country classics , two of current Country , and two of mixed recordings . During those fina...
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During his time at KVOW , Jennings was visited by DJ Sky Corbin , who worked at KLVT in Levelland . Corbin was impressed with his voice , and decided to visit Jennings at the station after hearing him sing a jingle to the tune of Hank Snow 's " I 'm Moving On " . Jennings expressed his economic struggle to live on a U...
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Jennings produced commercials and created jingles with the rest of the DJs . As their popularity increased , the DJs made public appearances . Jennings 's events included live performances . During one performance , Buddy 's father , L.O. Holley , approached them with his son 's latest record , and requested them to p...
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Holly took Jennings as his first artist . He outfitted him with new clothes , and worked with him to improve his image . He arranged a session for Jennings at Norman Petty 's recording studios in Clovis , New Mexico . On September 10 , Jennings recorded the songs " Jole Blon " and " When Sin Stops ( Love Begins ) " wi...
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= = = Winter Dance Party Tour = = =
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Before the tour , Holly vacationed with his wife in Lubbock , and visited Jennings ' radio station in December 1958 . Jennings and Sky Corbin performed the hand claps to Holly 's tune " You 're the One " . Jennings and Holly soon left for New York City , arriving on January 15 , 1959 . Jennings stayed at Holly 's apar...
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The Winter Dance Party tour began in Milwaukee , Wisconsin , on January 23 , 1959 . The amount of travel created logistical problems , as the distance between venues had not been considered when scheduling each performance . Adding to the problem , the unheated tour buses twice broke down in freezing weather , with di...
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Later that morning , Jennings ' family heard on the radio that " Buddy Holly and his band had been killed . " After calling his family , Jennings called Sky Corbin at KLLL from Fargo to say that he was alive . The General Artists Corporation promised to pay a first @-@ class ticket for Jennings and the band to assist ...
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For decades afterward , Jennings repeatedly admitted that he felt responsible for the crash that killed Buddy Holly . This sense of guilt precipitated bouts of substance abuse through much of Jennings ' career . The day of the flight was later known as the Day the Music Died . Jennings sang The Stage , which is a touc...
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" Jole Blon " was released on Brunswick in March 1959 with limited success . Now unemployed , he returned to KLLL . Deeply affected by the death of Buddy Holly , Jennings ' performance at the station worsened . He left the station after he was denied a raise , and later worked briefly for the competition , KDAV .
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= = = Phoenix and the Nashville Sound = = =
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Due to Maxine 's father 's illness , Jennings had to shuttle between Arizona and Texas . While his family lived back in Littlefield , Jennings found a job briefly at KOYL in Odessa , Texas . He moved with his family to Coolidge , Arizona , where his wife 's sister lived . He found a job performing at the Galloping Goo...
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He formed his backing band , The Waylors , with bassist Paul Foster , guitarist Jerry Gropp , and drummer Richie Albright . Jennings and his band performed at the newly opened nightspot in Scottsdale , where they soon earned a strong local fanbase . At JD 's , Jennings developed his " rock tempered " style of country ...
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In 1961 , Jennings signed a recording contract with Trend Records , and experienced moderate success with his single , " Another Blue Day " . His friend , Don Bowman , took demos of Jennings to Jerry Moss , who at the time was starting A & M Records with associate Herb Alpert . On July 9 , 1963 , Jennings signed a con...
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His records had little success , because A & M 's main releases were folk music rather than Country . He had a few hits on local radio in Phoenix , with " Four Strong Winds " and " Just To Satisfy You " ( co @-@ written with Bowman ) . Meanwhile , he recorded an album on BAT records , called JD 's . After 500 copies w...
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Singer Bobby Bare heard Jennings 's " Just to Satisfy You " on his car radio while passing through Phoenix , eventually recording it and " Four Strong Winds " . After stopping in Phoenix to attend to a Jennings performance at JD 's , while driving to Las Vegas , Bare stopped and called Chet Atkins in Nashville , sugge...
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When he was made aware of the new deal , Waylon was not sure if he should quit his gig at JD 's . He then went to get the advice of his friend , RCA artist Willie Nelson , who had gone to see one of Waylon 's shows . When Willie and Waylon met , after talking about the possibilities and considering Waylon 's profits a...
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Nonetheless , Jennings decided to accept the offer , and asked Herb Alpert to release him from his contract with A & M. Alpert agreed , though later A & M would compile all of Jennings 's singles and unreleased material the label had and release it as Don 't Think Twice . Atkins formally signed Jennings to RCA Victor ...
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In 1966 , Jennings released his debut album for RCA Folk @-@ Country , followed by Leavin ' Town and Nashville Rebel . Leavin ' Town resulted in significant chart success as the first two singles " Anita , You 're Dreaming " and " Time to Burn Again " both peaked at no . 17 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart . T...
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During this time , Jennings rented an apartment in Nashville with singer Johnny Cash . Jennings and Cash were both managed by " Lucky " Moeller 's booking agency Moeller Talent , Inc . The tours organized by the agency were unproductive , with the artists being booked to venues located far from each other in close dat...
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In 1972 , Jennings released Ladies Love Outlaws . The single that headlined the album became a hit for Jennings , and was his first approach to Outlaw Country . Jennings was accustomed to performing and recording with his own band , The Waylors , a practice that was not encouraged by powerful Nashville producers . Ove...
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= = = Outlaw Country = = =
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In an interview , Jennings recalled the restrictions of the Nashville establishment : " They wouldn 't let you do anything . You had to dress a certain way : you had to do everything a certain way .... They kept trying to destroy me .... I just went about my business and did things my way .... You start messing with m...
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Reshen started to renegotiate Jennings 's recording and touring contracts . At a meeting in a Nashville airport , Jennings introduced Reshen to Willie Nelson . By the end of the meeting , Reshen had become Nelson 's manager , as well . Jennings 's new deal gained him a $ 75 @,@ 000 advance and artistic control . Reshe...
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By 1973 , Nelson had returned to music , finding success with Atlantic Records . Now based in Austin , Texas , he had made inroads into the rock and roll press by attracting rock audiences . Atlantic Records was now attempting to sign Jennings , but Nelson 's rise to popularity persuaded RCA to renegotiate with Jennin...
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In 1973 , Jennings released Lonesome , On 'ry and Mean and Honky Tonk Heroes , the first albums recorded and released under his creative control . The release of these albums heralded a major turning point for Jennings , kicking off his most critically and commercially successful years . More hit albums followed with ...
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In 1976 , Jennings released the album Wanted ! The Outlaws , recorded with Willie Nelson , Tompall Glaser , and Jessi Colter for RCA . The album was the first Country music album certified platinum . The following year , RCA issued Ol ' Waylon , an album that produced a hit duet with Nelson , " Luckenbach , Texas " . ...
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Also in 1979 , Jennings joined the cast of the CBS series The Dukes of Hazzard as the Balladeer , the narrator . The only episode to feature him in person was " Welcome , Waylon Jennings " , during the seventh season . Jennings played himself , presented as an old friend of the Duke family . For the show , he also wro...
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= = = Later years = = =
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In the mid @-@ 1980s , Johnny Cash , Kris Kristofferson , Nelson , and Jennings formed a successful group called The Highwaymen . Aside from his work with The Highwaymen , Jennings released a gold album WWII ( 1982 ) with Willie Nelson .
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In 1985 , Jennings joined with USA for Africa to record " We Are the World " , but he left the studio because of a dispute over the song 's lyrics that were to be sung in Swahili . Ironically , after Jennings left the session , the idea was dropped at the prompting of Stevie Wonder , who pointed out that Ethiopians di...
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Also in 1985 , he made a cameo appearance in the live @-@ action children 's film Sesame Street Presents : Follow That Bird . In the movie , he plays a turkey farm truck driver who gives Big Bird a lift . He also sings one of the film 's songs , entitled " Ain 't No Road Too Long " .
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In 1993 , in collaboration with Rincom Children 's Entertainment , Jennings recorded an album of children 's songs , Cowboys , Sisters , Rascals & Dirt , which included " Shooter 's Theme " , a tribute to his 14 @-@ year @-@ old with the theme of " a friend of mine " .
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Although his record sales and radio play dwindled during the ' 90s , Jennings continued to draw large crowds at his live performances . In 1997 , after the Lollapalooza tour , he decreased his tour schedule and became centered on his family .
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In 1998 , Jennings teamed up with Bare , Jerry Reed , and Mel Tillis to form the Old Dogs . The group recorded a double album of songs by Shel Silverstein . In mid @-@ 1999 , Jennings assembled what he referred to as his " hand @-@ picked dream team " and formed Waylon & The Waymore Blues Band . Consisting primarily o...
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= = Music style and image = =
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Jennings 's music was characterized by his " powerful " singing voice , noted by his " rough @-@ edged quality , " as well as his phrasing and texture . He was also recognized for his " spanky @-@ twang " guitar style . To create his sound , he used a pronounced ' phaser ' effect ( see ' Modulation Effects ' : below )...
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His signature image was characterized by his long hair and beard , as well as his black hat and the black leather vest he wore during his appearances .
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= = Personal life = =
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Jennings was married four times , and had six children . He was first married to Maxine Caroll Lawrence in 1956 at age 18 , with whom he had four children : Terry Vance Jennings ( born January 21 , 1957 ) , Julie Rae Jennings ( born August 12 , 1958 ) , Buddy Dean Jennings ( born March 21 , 1960 ) , and Deana Jennings...
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In 1997 , he gave up touring to be closer to his family . To set an example about the importance of education to his son Waylon Albright , Jennings earned a GED at age 52 .
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= = = Addiction and recovery = = =
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Jennings started to consume amphetamines while he lived with Johnny Cash during the mid @-@ 1960s . Jennings later stated , " Pills were the artificial energy on which Nashville ran around the clock . " In 1977 , Jennings was arrested by federal agents for conspiracy and possession of cocaine with intent to distribute...
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During the early 1980s , his cocaine addiction intensified . Jennings claimed to have spent $ 1 @,@ 500 a day on his habit , draining his personal finances and leaving him bankrupt with debt up to $ 2 @.@ 5 million . Though he insisted on repaying the debt and did additional tours to earn the funds , his work became l...
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= = = Illness and death = = =
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Jennings 's health had been deteriorating for years before his death . After quitting cocaine , he ended his habit of smoking six packs of cigarettes daily in 1988 . In December 1988 , he underwent triple heart bypass surgery after suffering chest pains while on his tour bus . By 2000 , his diabetes worsened , and the...
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= = Recognition = =
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Between 1966 and 1995 , 54 Jennings albums charted , with 11 reaching number one . Meanwhile , between 1965 and 1991 , 96 singles charted , with 16 number ones . In October 2001 , Jennings was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame . In one final act of defiance , he did not attend the ceremony and opted instead...
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On July 6 , 2006 , Jennings was inducted to Hollywood 's Rock Wall in Hollywood , California . On June 20 , 2007 , Jennings was posthumously awarded the Cliffie Stone Pioneer Award by the Academy of Country Music .
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= = Legacy = =
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Jennings 's music had a major influence on several neotraditionalist and alternative country artists , including Hank Williams , Jr . , The Marshall Tucker Band , Travis Tritt , Steve Earle , Jamey Johnson , John Anderson , his son , Shooter Jennings , and Hank Williams III .
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In 2008 , his first posthumous album , Waylon Forever , was released . The album consisted of songs recorded with his son Shooter when he was 16 . In 2012 , Waylon : The Music Inside a three @-@ volume project , consisting of covers of Jennings 's songs by different artists , was released . The same year , it was anno...
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= = Discography = =
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= = Awards = =
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= = = Journals = = =
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Denberg , Jody ( January 1988 ) . " Chantilly Lace and Jolly Face " . Texas Monthly 16 ( 1 ) . ISSN 0148 @-@ 7736 .
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Henderson , Richard ( May 12 , 2001 ) . " The RCA 100 : Ambitious Reissue Program Represents A Century of Diverse Music " . Billboard 113 ( 19 ) . ISSN 0006 @-@ 2510 .
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Jessen , Wade ; Evans Price , Deborah ; Stark , Phyllis ( February 23 , 2002 ) . " Waylon Jennings Remembered as Country Music Legend " . Billboard 114 ( 8 ) . ISSN 0006 @-@ 2510 .
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Weatherby , Gregg ( 1988 ) . " Still Waylon " . Spin ( SPIN Media LLC ) 3 ( 8 ) . ISSN 0886 @-@ 3032 .
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Billboard 112 ( 12 ) . March 18 , 2000 . ISSN 0006 @-@ 2510 .
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" Patsy Montana Early Country Favorites " . Bluegrass Unlimited ( Bluegrass Unlimited ) 18 ( 1 @-@ 6 ) . 1983 . ISSN 0006 @-@ 5137 .
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Country song roundup staff ( 1967 ) . " Country song roundup " ( 102 ) . Country Song Roundup : 15 .
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The Journal of country music ( The Country Music Foundation ) 6 ( 3 ) . Fall 1975 .
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The Southern Quarterly ( University of Southern Mississippi ) 22 . 1983 . ISSN 0038 @-@ 4496 .
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= Treehouse of Horror X =
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" Treehouse of Horror X " is the fourth episode of The Simpsons ' eleventh season , and the tenth annual Treehouse of Horror episode , consisting of three self @-@ contained segments . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on Halloween 1999 . In " I Know What You Diddily @-@ Iddily @-@ Did " , the Sim...
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" Treehouse of Horror X " was directed by Pete Michels and written by Ron Hauge , Donick Cary and Tim Long . The episode contains numerous parodies and references to horror and science fiction works , including Doctor Who , I Know What You Did Last Summer and Battlestar Galactica . It also features actress Lucy Lawles...
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= = Plot = =
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In the opening scene , the two aliens Kang and Kodos introduce a variety show , with a live audience consisting of aliens . While they tell jokes , canned laughter is played , but the audience appears unamused . The Simpson family sits on the couch , with Homer appearing as the jack @-@ in @-@ the @-@ box from " Treeh...
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= = = I Know What You Diddily @-@ Iddily @-@ Did = = =
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In a parody of I Know What You Did Last Summer , on a foggy evening with a full moon , the Simpsons are driving down a coastal road when Marge accidentally smashes into Ned Flanders , killing him . Homer manipulates the body in several escapades , which convinces Maude that Ned died of an accident and that he does not...
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= = = Desperately Xeeking Xena = = =
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An X @-@ ray machine scanning Halloween candy malfunctions and gives Bart the ability to stretch his body like rubber and Lisa super strength . They become a superhero duo , calling themselves " Stretch Dude and Clobber Girl " . Later , Lucy Lawless ( dressed as Xena ) addresses fans at a science fiction convention . ...
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= = = Life 's a Glitch , Then You Die = = =
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On December 31 , 1999 , Dick Clark is celebrating New Year 's Rockin ' Eve in Springfield . Homer , the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant 's Y2K compliance officer , declares that he fixed all the possible Y2K problems at the plant , including the computers . Unfortunately , Homer forgot to fix his own computer , and in...
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= = Production = =
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" Treehouse of Horror X " was directed by Pete Michels and written by Donick Cary , Tim Long and Ron Hauge . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on Halloween , 1999 . " I Know What You Diddily @-@ Iddily @-@ Did " was conceived and written by former staff writer Cary . In the DVD commentary for...
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" Desperately Xeeking Xena " was written by staff writer Long . At the beginning of the segment , Milhouse is seen wearing a plastic smock with a picture of Radioactive Man on it . The scene was based on an experience in Long 's childhood ; " I asked my mom for a Batman costume . And I got a smock that had Batman on i...
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" Life 's a Glitch , Then You Die " was written and conceived by Hauge . In DVD commentary for the episode , Hauge stated that , when writing the segment , he knew it would not age well . " I was aware of it at the time , that it wouldn 't last forever " he said , " But I wanted to capture that moment . " According to...
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= = Cultural references = =
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The opening segment , which shows Kang and Kodos attempting to entertain an audience of aliens , was " born out of [ The Simpsons ' staff 's ] love " of comedy teams like Martin and Lewis and the Smothers Brothers . The plot of " I Know What You Diddily @-@ Iddily @-@ Did " is based on the 1997 horror film I Know What...
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Although there is a fictional Marvel Comics character called Collector , Long did not base The Collector on him . While carrying Lawless with an electromagnet , The Collector says " Care for a Rolo , sweet Xena ? " The reference was included because the writing staff were given free Rolos at the time . In The Collecto...
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Hauge based " Life 's a Glitch , Then You Die " on the hysteria involving Y2K , a digital problem that occurred the night into January 1 , 2000 . Humans escaping an unsavable Earth in rockets is a reference to the 1951 film When Worlds Collide . In a scene in the segment , several celebrities , including actor Mel Gib...
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= = Release and reception = =
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In its original American broadcast on October 31 , 1999 , " Treehouse of Horror X " received an 8 @.@ 6 rating , according to Nielsen Media Research , translating to approximately 8 @.@ 7 million viewers . The episode finished in 34th place in the ratings for the week of October 25 @-@ 31 , 1999 . Following the episod...
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Following its broadcast , " Treehouse of Horror X " received positive reviews from critics . In his review of The Simpsons : The Complete Eleventh Season , Colin Jacobson of DVD Movie Guide wrote " Even in the series ’ crummier seasons , the staff always seems to come up with a good Halloween episode " , and that " Tr...
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= Medal of Honor =
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The Medal of Honor is the United States of America 's highest military honor , awarded for personal acts of valor above and beyond the call of duty . The medal is awarded by the President of the United States in the name of the U.S. Congress to U.S. military personnel only . There are three versions of the medal , one...
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The Medal of Honor was created as a Navy version in 1861 named the " Medal of Valor " , and an Army version of the medal named the " Medal of Honor " was established in 1862 to give recognition to men who distinguished themselves " conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity " in combat with an enemy of the United Stat...
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The Medal of Honor is usually presented by the President in a formal ceremony at the White House , intended to represent the gratitude of the American people , with posthumous presentations made to the primary next of kin . According to the Medal of Honor Historical Society of the United States , there have been 3 @,@...
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In 1990 , Congress designated March 25 annually as " National Medal of Honor Day " . Due to its prestige and status , the Medal of Honor is afforded special protection under U.S. law against any unauthorized adornment , sale , or manufacture , which includes any associated ribbon or badge .
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= = History = =
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1780 : The Fidelity Medallion was a small medal worn on a chain around the neck , similar to a religious medal , that was awarded only to three militiamen from New York state , for the capture of John André , a British officer and spy connected directly to General Benedict Arnold ( American and British general @-@ 178...
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1782 : Badge of Military Merit : The first formal system for rewarding acts of individual gallantry by American soldiers was established by George Washington when he issued a field order on August 7 , 1782 , for a Badge of Military Merit to recognize those members of the Continental Army who performed " any singular m...
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1847 : Certificate of Merit : After the outbreak of the Mexican @-@ American War ( 1846 – 1848 ) a Certificate of Merit ( Meritorious Service Citation Certificate ) was established by Act of Congress on March 3 , 1847 " to any private soldier who had distinguished himself by gallantry performed in the presence of the ...
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= = = Medal of Valor = = =
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There were no military awards or medals at the beginning of the Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ) except for the Certificate of Merit which was awarded for the Mexican @-@ American War . In the fall of 1861 , a proposal for a battlefield decoration for valor was submitted to Winfield Scott , the general @-@ in @-@ chief of th...
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= = = Medal of Honor = = =
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