text stringlengths 4 7.07k | text_hash stringlengths 32 32 | __index_level_0__ int64 1 1.81M |
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Farr saw the 1946 colour version as poorer than the black and white original ; he said it had lost its " vibrancy " and " atmosphere " , and that the new depiction of the Congolese landscape was unconvincing and more like a European zoo than the " parched , dusty expanses of reality " . Peeters took a more positive at... | 3ec0f9db4fe70659ce1d171e984ddbf4 | 12,658 |
In his psychoanalytical study of the series , Jean @-@ Marie Apostolidès highlighted that in the Congolese adventure , Tintin represented progress and the Belgian state was a model for the natives to imitate . In doing so , he argued , they could become more European and thus civilised from the perspective of Belgian ... | 540dd02f8dac1491b47a780b6f4c72d2 | 12,659 |
= = Criticism = =
| f13853354562f89fe5e26547628fff5b | 12,661 |
= = = Racism = = =
| 2da76a3a4fd990418a9074cc1333345c | 12,664 |
In the late 20th and early 21st centuries , several campaigners and writers characterised Tintin in the Congo as racist due to its portrayal of the Congolese as infantile and stupid . According to Tom McCarthy , Hergé depicted the Congolese as " good at heart but backwards and lazy , in need of European mastery . " Th... | a1ea30f356346dbab24a1105f3ec14c7 | 12,666 |
Contrastingly , biographer Pierre Assouline stated that in 1930s Belgium , Hergé would have had access to literature by the likes of André Gide and Albert Londres that was critical of the colonial regime . Assouline claimed that Hergé instead chose not to read such reports because they conflicted with the views of his... | 58d048f9c73965f3984147d936f75194 | 12,667 |
Farr and McCarthy stated that Tintin in the Congo was the most popular Tintin adventure in Francophone Africa . According to Thompson , the book remained hugely popular in the Congo even after the country achieved independence in 1960 . Nevertheless , government figures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( DRC ) ... | 0653b79059a06ce5334b8cbf8b45bd2d | 12,668 |
In July 2007 , British human rights lawyer David Enright complained to the United Kingdom 's Commission for Racial Equality ( CRE ) that he came across the book in the children 's section of Borders bookshop while shopping with his wife and two sons . The CRE called on bookshops to remove the comic , stating that it c... | 852aa77bc24a56bb24762ab6ee853ff1 | 12,669 |
Tintin in the Congo also came under criticism in the United States ; in October 2007 , in response to a complaint by a patron , the Brooklyn Public Library in New York City placed the graphic novel in a locked back room , only permitting access by appointment . Tintin in the Congo became part of a drawn @-@ out media ... | 88d37683f1c4d0ae4966661807971ba1 | 12,670 |
In August 2007 , Congolese student Bienvenu Mbutu Mondondo filed a complaint in Brussels , claiming that the book was an insult to the Congolese people and required banning . Public prosecutors investigated and initiated a criminal case . The matter was eventually transferred to a civil court in April 2010 . Mondondo ... | 444b44d55dafe7dcfb50090757375af1 | 12,671 |
The South African comics writer Anton Kannemeyer has parodied the perceived racist nature of the book to highlight what he sees as the continuing racist undertones of South African society . In his Pappa in Afrika ( 2010 ) , a satire of Tintin in the Congo , he portrays Tintin as an Afrikaner with racist views of indi... | 132cf42a9a417ae3375f6744de9ea730 | 12,672 |
= = = Hunting and animal cruelty = = =
| 422350ec2ad86bcee0352e87c347d0c6 | 12,674 |
Tintin in the Congo shows Tintin taking part in what Michael Farr described as " the wholesale and gratuitous slaughter " of animals ; over the course of the Adventure , Tintin shoots several antelope , kills an ape to wear its skin , rams a rifle vertically into a crocodile 's open mouth , injures an elephant for ivo... | 24c3957b4a5c1a2ee4ccd924f172437f | 12,676 |
Philippe Goddin stated that the scene in which Tintin shoots a herd of antelope was " enough to upset even the least ecological reader " in the 21st century . When India Book House first published the book in India in 2006 , that nation 's branch of the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals issued a public criti... | 42004486782f02b889bec61487e7c270 | 12,677 |
= Andrew Johnston ( singer ) =
| 58944e1bf7b76bbdd5c8e28218a9620e | 12,680 |
Andrew Johnston ( born 23 September 1994 ) is a British singer who rose to fame when he appeared as a boy soprano on the second series of the UK television talent show Britain 's Got Talent in 2008 . Although he did not win the competition , he received a contract to record with Syco Music , a label owned by the Brita... | 9db45e1c488f48444fa437a3a0df7336 | 12,682 |
Johnston was born in Dumfries , Scotland , and his parents separated when he was an infant . He and his mother moved to Carlisle , where they lived in " poverty " . He became head chorister at Carlisle Cathedral , and was bullied at school because of his love of classical music . While some journalists have argued Bri... | 047ba4ae316fbeea539b8c8b812b2306 | 12,683 |
= = History = =
| fd3fc667e330e6e3944a4f085f9ef39d | 12,685 |
= = = Early life and Carlisle Cathedral Choir = = =
| 39ceec110b76c00c81f33624940f9cca | 12,688 |
Johnston was born on 23 September 1994 in Dumfries , Scotland , the son of Andrew Johnston and Morag Brannock . He was given the extensive name Andrew Aaron Lewis Patrick Brannock John Grieve Michael Robert Oscar Schmidt Johnston . Johnston 's parents separated when he was eight months old , and from that time he live... | bc81ed249a68f8f30a5cedf0601bbec6 | 12,690 |
In September 2008 , after his appearance on Britain 's Got Talent but before the release of his first album , Johnston embarked on a tour of Norway with the choir , performing at Stavanger Cathedral and Utstein Abbey , among other places . The tour was conceived because the Diocese of Stavanger is connected with the D... | b59d9dfdbf9a4241d48f974efd10e359 | 12,691 |
= = = Britain 's Got Talent = = =
| db53de4c38a1b9f71b06f304bbb6289a | 12,693 |
Johnston was entered as a competitor in the second series of Britain 's Got Talent by his mother . He passed the first public audition , singing " Pie Jesu " from Andrew Lloyd Webber 's Requiem . Amanda Holden , one of the competition 's judges , was brought to tears , and the audience offered Johnston a standing ovat... | aacc05272a1d5ad1a566175d1eea7281 | 12,695 |
During his initial audition , Johnston claimed that he was bullied and victimised from the age of six because of his singing . When asked how he dealt with the issue , he stated " I carry on singing . " There were claims in the Daily Mail , a UK @-@ based tabloid newspaper , that the programme 's producers had deliber... | d3795ac065715ddd7d69313e7cb07c88 | 12,696 |
= = = One Voice = = =
| 990941ec7837a00c698cf1846ec97976 | 12,698 |
On 12 June 2008 , while Johnston was travelling with the Britain 's Got Talent Live Tour , it was announced that Johnston had signed a record deal with Syco Music , a division of Sony BMG , and that his first album would be produced after the tour . The deal was reportedly for £ 1 million . After signing with Syco , J... | 6b07b78f6d4e7528cec4b2871c1d7dd5 | 12,700 |
Johnston 's debut album , One Voice , was released on 29 September 2008 . It includes a cover of " Walking in the Air " , performed with Faryl Smith . The album was recorded over a six @-@ week period in London , and the track listing was chosen by Cowell . Johnston described the recording process as " brilliant " , a... | 5d442cff4c4a8d9b3bc6129a08269bb0 | 12,701 |
After the album 's release , Johnston became involved in the Sing Up campaign , appearing in schools around the country to encourage other young people to join choirs . In December 2008 , Johnston made a guest appearance at Whitehaven 's Christmas fair , and performed at a carol service in Bradford . Johnston was also... | 3408ed9bc6856efb1ae5bb84c03dd8a0 | 12,702 |
= = = Hiatus and 2010s = = =
| 387dfa79d8812fdffda3ff3e3a3b9488 | 12,704 |
In September 2009 , Johnston announced that he would be taking a year off from singing as his voice had broken , changing him to a tenor . He had previously performed as a treble . He said " the tutors at [ the Royal Northern College of Music ] said they 'll be able to train my voice up again . It 's the same as it ev... | 90f3acb51b46985aef1695671b803acc | 12,706 |
In September 2013 , Johnston began to study for a Bachelor of Music degree at the Royal Northern College of Music , under the tutelage of Jeff Lawton , who had previously tutored him at the Junior College . He immediately joined the college 's Chamber Choir and the Manchester Cathedral choir , but said that he intende... | a7bb734b6d836adb3f874935188f28c4 | 12,707 |
= = Personal life = =
| 2c5735a3c906b38ffb1ed46fcd1d3624 | 12,709 |
Johnston 's family home is in Stanwix , Carlisle . His mother , Morag Brannock , worked for the Office for National Statistics before giving up her job to support her son 's career . Prior to his Britain 's Got Talent appearances , he attended Trinity School , and later received tuition from a personal tutor . Johnsto... | d5aacd090321a497c7c5e8294e8cb91c | 12,711 |
Johnston 's interests include jujitsu , in which he has a black belt . The Carlisle newspaper News and Star reported in September 2012 that Johnston had become the youngest person in the world to be granted a licence to teach the sport .
| 8b1fb422cfe27d56cfd16ff595cbea0c | 12,712 |
= = Discography = =
| 5815680322143e113f7c6b1491df1428 | 12,714 |
Studio albums
| 57c42111b926995d85d11f1604968040 | 12,716 |
= Illinois ( Sufjan Stevens album ) =
| 35f2fe6ab6b19af2a1ec4aef5bc59dd9 | 12,719 |
Illinois ( styled Sufjan Stevens Invites You To : Come On Feel the Illinoise on the cover ; sometimes written as Illinoise ) is a 2005 concept album by American indie folk songwriter Sufjan Stevens . It is his fifth studio album , and features songs referencing places , events , and persons related to the U.S. state o... | 5e656507df3502471fcbf988c3f2f80b | 12,721 |
Stevens recorded and produced the album at multiple venues in New York City using low @-@ fidelity studio equipment and a variety of instruments between late 2004 and early 2005 . The artwork and lyrics explore the history , culture , art , and geography of the state — Stevens developed them after analyzing criminal ,... | 050bf3c64305d5c0d55b9ac76fa9fd9d | 12,722 |
Critics praised the album for its well @-@ written lyrics and complex orchestrations ; in particular , reviewers noted Stevens ' progress as a songwriter since the release of Michigan . Illinois was named the best @-@ reviewed album of 2005 by review aggregator Metacritic , and was included on several reviewers ' " be... | d63c27719dfd1c80a54e5b0182b93de5 | 12,723 |
= = Background , recording , and tour = =
| 2cb9d5ff8453d04548821d6962bd1aa1 | 12,725 |
Stevens launched his 50 @-@ state project in 2003 with the album Michigan and chose to focus on Illinois with this recording because " it wasn 't a great leap " , and he liked the state because he considered it the " center of gravity " for the American Midwest . Before creating the album , Stevens read literature by ... | 5f920880f7d70e23bb37d560d63080fa | 12,727 |
All of the songs on Illinois were written , recorded , engineered , and produced by Stevens , with most of the material being recorded at The Buddy Project studio in Astoria , Queens , and in Stevens ' Brooklyn apartment . As with his previous albums , Stevens recorded in various locations , with additional piano reco... | a0638c7372b2e08b65fd91e4b03a7cf2 | 12,728 |
Stevens employed low @-@ fidelity recording equipment , which allowed him to retain creative control and keep costs low on recording Illinois . Typically , his process involved recording to 32 kHz 8 @-@ track tape using inexpensive microphones such as the Shure SM57 and AKG C1000 . He then employed Pro Tools for mixin... | 42de68a937b51707156a95b2250f3bbe | 12,729 |
After consulting with Michael Kaufmann and Lowell Brams of Asthmatic Kitty about the amount of material he had recorded , Stevens decided against a double album , saying that would be " arrogant " . In 2006 , several tracks recorded during these sessions were sent to Seattle @-@ based musician and producer James McAll... | 20c21ef83244c8843f6824ed16db89af | 12,730 |
Illinois was released on July 4 , 2005 , through Rough Trade Records in Europe and was distributed domestically by Asthmatic Kitty Records starting July 5 , 2005 . Although he initially had no plans to perform this material live , less than two weeks after the release of Illinois , Stevens embarked on a North American... | e97a7e88a84041e67549ec70f06707f2 | 12,731 |
= = Musical style and thematic elements = =
| 42065a7717f80915795528db6e454fbe | 12,733 |
Reviewers have noted similarities between this album and those of musicians and composers in several musical genres — from pop to contemporary classical , even show tunes and jazz @-@ based time signatures . The lyrics and their rich thematic elements have been noted for their literary quality , earning comparisons to... | 1667a9f9eaff4cd0fccbabd4ed8a9af1 | 12,735 |
= = = Musical style = = =
| 31fcacde04c1ee8c6194f9e1a905aee3 | 12,737 |
Reviewers of Illinois have compared Stevens ' style to Steve Reich , Vince Guaraldi , the Danielson Famile , Neil Young , Nick Drake , and Death Cab for Cutie . Stevens ' use of large orchestral arrangements in his music — much of it played by himself through the use of multi @-@ track recording — has been noted by se... | 143938caef342c2bbba8e47afefa4a62 | 12,739 |
The creation of Illinois marked a shift in Stevens ' emphasis on songwriting and studio work toward live performance and more abstract concepts of motion and sound — subsequent tours and albums emphasized electronic music and modern dance over the indie folk material on Michigan and Illinois . He has ceased writing so... | fd86f62e128e92921787a1f9a3f46138 | 12,740 |
I think now I listen more as a technician and a researcher . I 'm always hearing music in terms of what I can take out of it , and I think I 've always listened like that . I have a hard time just listening for pleasure . I 'm much less about instinct , and more of a utilitarian listener . Like , what is the use of th... | 75b63211534e327b4b55d458c4f8de18 | 12,741 |
Stevens is a classically trained oboist and his knowledge of classical and baroque music influenced many of his arrangements . Stevens himself has noted the influence of composers Igor Stravinsky , Sergei Rachmaninoff , and Edvard Grieg ; along with contemporary composers Terry Riley , Steve Reich , and Philip Glass .... | db2a63c69f1f9476bce7f1b36a2fb9b5 | 12,742 |
= = = Illinois themes = = =
| a217680e8b54fee2cc3f8de68cc76838 | 12,744 |
Many of the lyrics in Illinois make references to persons , places , and events related to the state of the same name . " Concerning the UFO Sighting Near Highland , Illinois " is about a UFO sighting by police officers near Highland , Illinois , where several persons reported seeing a large triangular object with thr... | ea7d12714c6fa578045581fd414acc7b | 12,746 |
" John Wayne Gacy , Jr . " documents the story of the 1970s Chicago @-@ based serial killer of the same name . Several lyrics make explicit references to events in his life : " [ w ] hen the swingset hit his head " refers to an event in Gacy 's childhood , when a swing hit his head and caused a blood clot in his brain... | 53f4aca223c9398f556e2ca0bf93e95d | 12,747 |
" Casimir Pulaski Day " interweaves a personal story with the state holiday Casimir Pulaski Day . " The Man of Metropolis Steals Our Hearts " makes references to Superman , whose fictional hometown of Metropolis was partially modeled after Chicago ( the town of Metropolis , Illinois has also capitalized on this associ... | 3f49d0e8ab35e1d19b557dbcb1c10927 | 12,748 |
Other allusions to the state 's people , places , and events include the Black Hawk War , author Carl Sandburg , Stephen A. Douglas , Abraham Lincoln , the Sangamon River , the Chicago Cubs , the Sears Tower dubbed " Seer 's Tower " ( now called Willis Tower ) , and the localities of Jacksonville , Peoria , Metropolis... | cdab031cb310c76bba8ec696b93580a7 | 12,749 |
= = = Christianity = = =
| d17b9d2224a1415edfe444634504b6fc | 12,751 |
Although Illinois is a concept album about the U.S. state , Stevens also explored themes related to Christianity and the Bible . As a Christian , he has written and recorded music about spiritual themes throughout his career — particularly on the 2004 album Seven Swans — and prefers to talk about religious topics thro... | bb9f4a1c2409b9d50c12c9563cb5fe4b | 12,753 |
= = Artwork = =
| f022fc0509561d0d8145215d21d4e037 | 12,755 |
Divya Srinivasan created the album artwork , depicting a variety of Illinois @-@ related themes , including Abraham and Mary Todd Lincoln , the Sears Tower , and Black Hawk . The album cover reads , " Sufjan Stevens Invites You To : Come On Feel the Illinoise ! " as a wordplay on the common mispronunciation of the sta... | d0942cd0e6bea7d1c4d0fb7da598a073 | 12,757 |
Shortly after the release of the album , reports arose that DC Comics had issued a cease and desist letter to Asthmatic Kitty because of the depiction of Superman on the cover . However , on October 4 , 2005 , Asthmatic Kitty announced that there had been no cease and desist letter ; the record company 's own lawyers ... | 309c99eb8581f43a16947058c2d11cb5 | 12,758 |
The 10th anniversary vinyl reissue of Illinois features the Marvel character Blue Marvel , who hails from Chicago , in place of Superman . Asthmatic Kitty obtained permission from Marvel to use the character 's likeness .
| 7a1cec902a7d488654b8eecf6f898ba6 | 12,759 |
= = Reception = =
| f8d79e3fcb54590ed5efe8209a7826d9 | 12,761 |
Illinois was Sufjan Stevens ' greatest commercial and critical success to date . For the first time , his work charted on the Billboard 200 and received several awards from critics .
| be1387cb1c648a55bfa81fa109272881 | 12,763 |
= = = Sales figures and chart performance = = =
| a0f6c98e131b4c3bf8d4dfea6f32adbe | 12,765 |
In its first week of sales , Illinois sold 9 @,@ 000 copies , 20 % coming from online sales . Overall , the album sold more than 100 @,@ 000 copies by November 2005 and over 300 @,@ 000 by the end of 2009 . It was the first Sufjan Stevens release to place on the Billboard 200 , reaching No. 121 within eight weeks on t... | 55e1cbdcedd5fef6a87a6fb2a2d7c95c | 12,767 |
= = = Critical reception = = =
| f2076f1106e1cddfe8fc8034bcd2d8a4 | 12,769 |
Critical reception of Illinois was overwhelmingly positive . Review aggregator Metacritic compiled 40 critic reviews of Illinois and gave the album a 90 out of 100 , indicating " universal acclaim " , designating it the best @-@ reviewed album of 2005 . Andy Battaglia of The A.V. Club said that Stevens " has grown int... | 46624fc104ae6308cb991376714f5d7e | 12,771 |
Jesse Jarnow of Paste praised the playful nature of Illinois , commenting that it had " sing @-@ song " melodies and " jaunty " orchestrations . Jarnow also noted ironic lyrics , citing a line from " The Predatory Wasp of the Palisades is Out to Get Us ! " : " I can 't explain the state I 'm in ... " after a section o... | a98771efb93dc7ca31584f4847606c50 | 12,772 |
= = = Accolades = = =
| 54f2694b1a631145d9fb557cc88fce96 | 12,774 |
Illinois achieved lasting fame with inclusion on numerous reviewers ' " best of the year " and " best of the decade " lists . In particular , the album topped the best of the decade list appearing in the November 2009 issue of Paste and NPR named Illinois on their list of " The Decade 's 50 Most Important Recordings "... | d3a92209c8864d50f7f5f68480ba3978 | 12,776 |
= = Track listing = =
| 72495df880382348360bb3e5f3082d84 | 12,778 |
Note that the titles of the songs vary slightly from the Compact Disc , digital , and vinyl releases . Full titles come directly from the vinyl album and have been adapted to the English capitalization standards .
| e7ff4d81525ae189e3207af52fcd5835 | 12,780 |
All songs written and composed by Sufjan Stevens and published by New Jerusalem Music , ASCAP .
| de29dde9a414a2ea128c1de1795de577 | 12,781 |
= = Personnel = =
| 7a6d26083ea635088dddefc202021790 | 12,783 |
Sufjan Stevens – acoustic guitar ; piano ; Wurlitzer ; bass guitar ; drums ; electric guitar ; oboe ; alto saxophone ; flute ; banjo ; glockenspiel ; accordion ; vibraphone ; alto , sopranino , soprano , and tenor recorders ; Casiotone MT @-@ 70 ; sleigh bells ; shaker ; tambourine ; triangle ; electronic organ ; voca... | 31c6f233738930a20bfe9b85611119ec | 12,785 |
Julianne Carney – violin
| ada5f97bac9cb30b9453704100fba337 | 12,786 |
Alan Douches – mastering at West West Side Music , Tenafly , New Jersey
| 74a04d1e702bcf31b93cd7d87e0ba88c | 12,787 |
Jon Galloway – remixing on " Chicago " ( To String Remix )
| 066db6f9fe81a8da5d54b8f8248cca32 | 12,788 |
Marla Hansen – viola
| ff906bf78af037ce3b187a7cf7dbddf2 | 12,789 |
The Illinoisemaker Choir – backing vocals and clapping on " The Black Hawk War , or , How to Demolish an Entire Civilization and Still Feel Good About Yourself in the Morning , or , We Apologize for the Inconvenience but You 're Going to Have to Leave Now , or , ' I Have Fought the Big Knives and Will Continue to Figh... | c4496337b9842474983a8ec0fb40ac75 | 12,790 |
Tom Eaton
| b9e53fa64563d213b66d0c320fd7f86c | 12,791 |
Jennifer Hoover
| 1985f0e435fa01e85d49c7defadddf97 | 12,792 |
Katrina Kerns
| c61cf7365fd08cb88a91ba6545671be5 | 12,793 |
Beccy Lock
| 137e64b56b73952910041b978737fd55 | 12,794 |
Tara McDonnell
| 00beceff914bc6a8fcfa2b1cdda314aa | 12,795 |
Maria Bella Jeffers – cello
| 5ff7785029e0cfa1e50e4994e80e3ee5 | 12,796 |
Katrina Kerns – backing vocals on " Concerning the UFO Sighting Near Highland , Illinois " , " Come On ! Feel the Illinoise ! " , " Jacksonville " , " Prairie Fire That Wanders About " , " The Predatory Wasp of the Palisades Is Out to Get Us ! " , " The Seer 's Tower " , " The Tallest Man , the Broadest Shoulders " , ... | a15ca00c1124027b83ab9ecef558d2ce | 12,797 |
James McAlister – drums , drum engineering
| 90aebb13dffea1e6aa7c96c2f6c55906 | 12,798 |
Craig Montoro – trumpet , backing vocals on " They Are Night Zombies ! ! They Are Neighbors ! ! They Have Come Back from the Dead ! ! Ahhhh ! "
| 79ea61fc67f67c34b105d2f19ec5b5d6 | 12,799 |
Rob Moose – violin
| 88411e0b3ec12b0fd12e44eae7176497 | 12,800 |
Matt Morgan – backing vocals on " Decatur , or , Round of Applause for Your Stepmother ! "
| 939d2f472d40a88487bb51a5fc25edf2 | 12,801 |
Daniel and Elin Smith – backing vocals and clapping on " Decatur , or , Round of Applause for Your Stepmother ! "
| cf559df5f8cd49d5ebc2c2dcceefdd58 | 12,802 |
Divya Srinivasan – artwork
| ee8322eb1ab84ab2aced4a55fc08a04f | 12,803 |
Shara Worden – backing vocals on " Concerning the UFO Sighting Near Highland , Illinois " , " Come On ! Feel the Illinoise ! " , " John Wayne Gacy , Jr . " , " Casimir Pulaski Day " , " Prairie Fire That Wanders About " , " The Predatory Wasp of the Palisades Is Out to Get Us ! " , " The Seer 's Tower " , " The Talles... | eba031054b509742e6ae34d00758047f | 12,804 |
= Mycena galericulata =
| b07df9993e1a40209d1d45f9d4270c2c | 12,807 |
Mycena galericulata is a mushroom species commonly known as the common bonnet , the toque mycena , or the rosy @-@ gill fairy helmet . The type species of the genus Mycena was first described scientifically in 1772 , but was not considered a Mycena until 1821 . It is quite variable in color , size , and shape , which ... | 096a0e9a2ba2b3329913d8b18498086e | 12,809 |
= = Taxonomy , classification , and naming = =
| 7a4ed35af42c59cbabebd873a624605c | 12,811 |
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