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Stacy McGaugh, professor of astronomy at Case Western Reserve, and Mordehai Milgrom, the father of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and professor of physics at Weizmann Institute in Israel, say the MOND modified law of gravity correctly predicted, in advance of the observations, the velocity dispersion - the average speed of stars within a galaxy relative to each other - in 10 dwarf satellite galaxies of the Milky Way's giant neighbor Andromeda.
The relatively large velocity dispersions observed in these types of dwarf galaxies is usually attributed to dark matter. Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is an alternative hypothesis to dark matter and succeeded in anticipating the observations.
The MOND hypothesis says that Newton's force law must be tweaked at low acceleration - 11 orders of magnitude lower than what we feel on the surface of the Earth. Acceleration above that threshold is linearly proportional to the force of gravity - as Newton's law says - but below the threshold, no. At these tiny accelerations, the modified force law resolves the mass discrepancy.
The researchers tested MOND on quasi-spherical, very low-surface brightness galaxies that are satellites of Andromeda. In the cosmic scale, they are among the smallest galaxies, containing only a few hundred thousand stars. But with conventional gravity, they are inferred to contain huge amounts of dark matter.
"Most scientists are more comfortable with the dark matter interpretation," McGaugh said. "But we need to understand why MOND succeeds with these predictions. We don't even know how to make this prediction with dark matter."
While this study is very specific, it's part of a broader effort to understand how the universe, the Milky Way and Earth formed and what it's all made of. This informs human understanding of our place in the universe, McGaugh said. Such issues have been of such importance that they've changed religion and philosophy over the centuries, sometimes sending people to be burnt at the stake.
"At stake now is whether the universe is predominantly made of an invisible substance that persistently eludes detection in the laboratory, or whether we are obliged to modify one of our most fundamental theories, the law of gravity," McGaugh continued.
The paper's calculations using MOND also reveal subtle differences in the gravity fields of dwarfs near and far from the host galaxy Andromeda. The gravity fields of dwarfs far from the host appear to be dominated by stars within the dwarf, while the gravity fields of dwarfs close to the host appear to be dominated by the host. No such distinction is expected with dark matter.
"The influence of the host galaxy may provide a test to distinguish between dark matter and MOND," McGaugh says. "Dark matter provides a cocoon for the dwarfs, protecting the stars from tidal influence by the host galaxy. With MOND, the influence of the host is more pronounced."
In a comparison of the predictions calculated using MOND with observations of pairs of similar dwarfs, "the data appears to show MOND's prediction for the influence of the host, but it's fairly subtle," McGaugh said. MOND's predictions of the velocity dispersion were less subtle. These predictions were "really bang on," McGaugh said.
They say the finding bolsters the case McGaugh and Milgrom made for MOND's effectiveness in predicting properties in dwarf galaxies in a paper published earlier this year. In that paper, they predicted the velocity dispersion in 17 of the galaxies.
Is there no escaping Gmail, and the smothering embrace of its parent Google?
Gmail now has 1.5 billion users — 20% of the world’s population — and email marketers have little choice but to deal with its design quirks, changes and insidious blocking mechanisms.
Will Gmail will end up being the only gateway to the inbox?
One sign of Gmail’s dominance is an article by Sydney Mugerwa on Dignited.com advising readers on how to migrate to Gmail from Yahoo Mail.
The article is more about the fall of Yahoo than the rise of Gmail. But Gmail is the chief alternative offered to people who are tired of Yahoo Mail’s outages, its scanning of emails and by the whole Oath nightmare, in which old accounts were cancelled without ceremony.
Want to switch? It only takes a few clicks.
Mugerwa also tells people how to move to Outlook -- but again, reflecting reality, Outlook is buried at the bottom of the piece.
We need more competition in this business.
A security researcher has created a tool that allows phishing artists to bypass many two-factor authentication schemes used by Gmail and others.
Gmail doesn’t work on the iPad Pro tablet — when dragging the Gmail icon from the dock, it takes over the whole screen and doesn’t allow split-screen views.
And security threats have been growing — not only for Gmail, but for every tech provider.
Despite all these challenges, Gmail offers benefits for marketers — like Gmail ads.
And Google makes it easy — you can “create Gmail ads by creating a new display campaign in Google Ads and then choosing the “Gmail campaign” option,” he continues.
One wonders about those ads -- just how targeted are they? Google has promised to refrain from scanning emails for targeted ad purposes.
Google’s metrics and technology are first-rate, we’re told. But we wonder if Gmail will turn out to be just another walled garden.
We hope not, for on that day email marketing will die.
Consumer borrowing in the U.S. climbed in May by the most in a year as Americans put more purchases on their credit cards and took out more school and automobile loans.
The $19.6 billion increase in credit followed a revised $10.9 billion gain the previous month that was less than initially reported, Federal Reserve figures showed Monday in Washington. The median forecast in a Bloomberg survey called for a $12.5 billion advance.
The boost to household wealth from recovering property values and higher stock prices is putting Americans in a position to capitalize on lower interest rates and purchase costlier items, such as cars. Confidence to borrow is also being punctuated by faster job and income growth that will help sustain the consumer spending that accounts for about 70 percent of the economy.
Estimates of the 35 economists surveyed by Bloomberg for consumer credit ranged from gains of $8 billion to $17 billion. The Fed’s consumer credit report doesn’t track debt secured by real estate, such as home-equity lines of credit and home mortgages.
Stocks rose for a third day as investors awaited the start of second-quarter earnings season. The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index added 0.5 percent to 1,640.06 at 3:20 p.m. in New York.
Labor Department figures last week showed that employment increased more than forecast in June, wages picked up and the jobless rate held close to a four-year low.
Payrolls rose by 195,000 workers for a second straight month, exceeding the median forecast in a Bloomberg survey for a 165,000 gain and up from a previously reported 175,000 increase in May. The jobless rate held at 7.6 percent, while hourly earnings in the year ended in June advanced by the most since July 2011.
Non-revolving debt, such as that for college tuition and the purchase of vehicles and mobile homes, increased $13 billion after rising $10.1 billion a month earlier, today’s report showed. Lending to consumers by the federal government, which is mainly for student loans, rose by $3.8 billion before adjusting for seasonal variations.
Automobile demand has been a bright spot for the economy. Cars and light trucks sold at a 15.9 million annualized rate in June, the most since November 2007, after a 15.2 million pace a month earlier, according to data from Ward’s Automotive Group.
“Low borrowing costs and rising consumer wealth should continue to support spending growth going forward,” Jenny Lin, senior U.S. economist at Ford Motor Co., said on a July 2 earnings call.
Revolving debt, which includes credit cards, increased by $6.6 billion, the most in a year, after an $800 million advance in April, Monday’s Fed report showed.
Personal spending in May climbed 0.3 percent after a 0.3 percent drop in the prior month, the Commerce Department said. Incomes advanced 0.5 percent in May following a 0.1 percent gain the prior month, Commerce Department figures showed on June 27.
Household wealth, which is making consumers more at ease about borrowing, is being underpinned by the recovery in housing. The S&P/Case-Shiller index of property values in 20 cities increased 12.1 percent in April from the same month in 2012, the biggest year-over-year gain since March 2006.
Higher stock prices also provide the resources to increase spending. The U.S. is in the fifth year of a bull market amid better-than-estimated corporate earnings and three rounds of bond purchases by the Fed. The S&P 500 has increased 14.4 percent this year through last week.
Four custom-made UKIP signs were stolen from lamp posts less than 24 hours after they were put up.
The signs designed by Batley and Spen parliamentary candidate Aleks Lukic were taken from Oxford Road at Gomersal Hill Top and near St Peter’s Church, Hartshead.
UKIP’s Liversedge and Gomersal candidate for Kirklees Council, Simon Holbrook, said: “Fortunately we still have plenty of time to replace the signs over the next few weeks.
By opening its doors to disillusioned Iranians such as artist Shahrzad Changalvaee, the US has welcomed some of its greatest minds. But what now?
Of all the interventions the United States has attempted in the last decade to contain Iran, one of the most successful is perhaps the least known of them all.
It came in 2012, when Barack Obama’s state department began easing restrictions on student visas for Iranians. By 2015, half of all visas issued to citizens of the seven countries affected by Trump’s travel ban went to Iranian nationals, generating hundreds of millions of dollars in tuition fees for US academic centers. Iran’s top academic and artistic talents flocked to America, in numbers unprecedented since 1979.
It is this quiet victory that Donald Trump’s executive order threatens to undo.
One of the thousands of students who came here is the Iranian artist Shahrzad Changalvaee, who began in the master’s of fine arts program at Yale University in 2013. Three years later, she found herself captivated by the presidential campaign and joined demonstrations in support of Hilary Clinton. On 20 January this year, Changalvaee, returning to the US from a trip abroad, found a different America than the one she knew.
Had her plane landed a few days later, she, like hundreds of other Iranian students, would have been turned away at the airport thanks to the president’s travel ban on seven Muslim-majority countries.
That this US election did not go as she had hoped was a greater blow to her than most others on campus. It brought back memories of another lost campaign.
Shahrzad and her husband, Iman Raad, a formidable figure on Iran’s graphic art scene, had invested much in the reformist presidential candidate, Mohammad Moussavi who challenged the hardliner incumbent, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, in the disputed 2009 election. Moussavi’s defeat prompted massive street protests, but the brutal crackdown that followed snuffed out the opposition green movement and its hopes for peaceful change.
This was the moment the couple decided to leave Iran. And America, now that student visas were being issued more readily, was the ideal destination.
By opening the doors to disillusioned Iranians, America became home to some of Iran’s greatest talents.
Shahrzad was not drawn to Yale for its prestige: she knew that the university would subsidize her education both with grants and institutional loans. Even with a full scholarship, which she did receive, she still needed more in loans – $35,000 by the end of her two years – to cover various costs.
When the matter of their budget in America had been squared away, the two still had to come up with another hefty sum to get them there. By then, the sanctions had gone into effect and the value of the Iranian rial had plummeted to historic lows.
And before getting to America, they first had to get to an American embassy, which Iran did not have since the hostage crisis of 1979. The couple sold everything they could and scraped all their cash together to cover an avalanche of expenses: plane tickets to a third country to visit an embassy, security and visa application processing fees, tickets to America, and attorney fees.
In 2016, Iranian students in US colleges and universities contributed an estimated $386m to the economy. Among international students currently studying in the US, Iran ranks as the 11th leading source of global scholars. This body of more than 12,000 researchers, medical residents, future lawyers, artists or engineers has only been growing. Those Iranians that become permanent residents or ultimately attain US citizenship (over half a million today) are among the most statistically successful immigrant populations. In America, Iranians lead every other immigrant group in having advance academic degrees and more than half of Iranian-Americans aged 25 and older have, at the very minimum, a BA, almost double the national average, according to the Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian-Americans.
Another two years in America Shahrzad required an additional visa. An Iranian-American immigration attorney, Reza Mazaheri, an avid art collector and admirer of the couple’s work, filed a request for a change of status for her to an O visa – a special category reserved for individuals of exceptional talent. Mazaheri, who offers his legal expertise in exchange for art work, has represented dozens of Iranians. He believes that Obama, by opening up student visas, ushered a new wave of immigration which has already made a major contribution to the American art scene.
The O and EB1 visas are what many consider America’s secret weapon. “It is how the US has been stealing the best of the best from other nations for years,” Mazaheri believes.
Last December, Mazaheri managed to successfully deploy that secret weapon on Shahrzad’s behalf and secure an O visa for her. But with the ban – and the ongoing legal battle it triggered – her freedom to travel to and from America to show her work will be restricted. Her husband’s student visa will expire in June and unless the ban is lifted, he is unlikely to be able to extend his stay to work here as he had hoped.
The loss to America will be twofold. On one hand is the talent. On the other is the loans, a sum of $70,000 for both, which neither will be able to repay if they are ordered out of the country.
Since the ban has gone into effect, France has already announced a commitment to doubling its admissions of Iranian refugees in 2017. Canada, Australia and northern European nations are also potential destinations for all those whom the US will turn away. It will be difficult for America to retain its status as the first in innovation, if it is no longer the destination for the best and the brightest.
Steven employs an advance email checking system that validates the sender of the email rather than relying on content to determine if it is spam or not. Steven does this by automatically replying to all emails it retrieves with a brief message asking the sender to validate the message they sent you. The sender validates it simply by hitting reply and send.
Audrey Steinkamp didn’t know a lot about her grandfather’s heroics during World War II, but she did know he loved her.
Her grandfather, Karl Kee Crawford, a Navajo code talker, died Sunday at Carson Convalescent Home. He was 87.
Steinkamp, a nurse from Phoenix, visited Crawford earlier in June in Carson City and sensed that his battle with Parkinson’s disease was near its end.
“I came up here for my mother’s 50th birthday party to surprise him,” the 25-year-old said. “”It was good because when he sees you walking up, he has that cute little wave, and that smile in his eyes that would sparkle every time.
Crawford was born April 12, 1918, in Ganado, Ariz. At 24, he joined the U.S. Marine Corps. He was working in the mess hall one day at the Camp Elliot boot camp in San Diego when an officer realized he was Navajo.
Crawford, a full-blooded Navajo, was chosen to learn the Navajo secret military code. More than 500 Navajos served in the Marines during World War II, and about 80 percent of them were trained as code talkers.
Like the Choctaw language used in World War I to confuse enemies, the Navajo language was scrambled and successfully used in World War II to prevent the Japanese from deciphering messages.
The 29 original code talkers were sworn to secrecy, as were those who came after, like Crawford. The code was declassified in 1968.
As a member of the Fourth Marine Corps Division, 3rd battalion, 7th regiment, Crawford served in Cape Gloucester, Guadalcanal, New Guinea, Peleliu and the Ryukyu Islands. He was honorably discharged in 1946.
His children – Nona Hicks, Wanda Doran, Daryl Crawford and Jeannie Claussen – all live in Carson City.
Crawford had 16 grandchildren, the youngest a girl of 4 months. He was recognized with the Congressional Silver Medal about three years ago for his service as a code talker.
Hicks said her father was diagnosed in 1998 with Parkinson’s disease.
“Yes, (all the grandchildren and great-grandchildren) were aware he was a code talker,” she said. “I don’t think they so much talked to him about it because the Parkinson’s kind of affected his speech.
In the past months, she said, Crawford’s thought processes slowed, he experienced difficulty swallowing, and his body kind of stiffened up.
Visitation is scheduled from 6-8 p.m. today at FitzHenry’s Funeral Home, 833 N. Edmonds St. A funeral service is scheduled for 10 a.m. Thursday at the Stewart Community Baptist Church, 5340 Snyder Ave. Burial with full military honors will follow at Lone Mountain Cemetery, 919 Beverly Drive.
Discussion in 'Strength & Conditioning Discussion' started by bearohs, Jun 19, 2008.
I didnt think it belonged in that forum.. I have always had issues with my right shoulder.. My instructor doesnt want me getting coritzone shots.. Anyone know any homegrown rememdies or am I screwed?
Why does your instructor not want you to get cortisone shots? When it comes to medical advice, follow a doctor and not a black belt.
Yes. Do not listen to him for more than BJJ (unless he is an orthopedic dr).
Where is the pain or lack in range of motion?
They might also try draining the bursal sack.
If your shoulders are like mine, there is a hook at the end of the clavicle that can irritate the bursal sack and lead to bursitis.
They can do a surgical procedure to remove the hook and relieve the irritation.
Supposedly, there isn't much to worry about if you only get a few cortizone injections a year.
well i have my appointment with a ortho specialist- i have had cortizone shots in the past for this..
I guess when we see what he has to say, then ill ask later..
I dont think that Ice Ice Ice is going to help much, tried it..
As others have said your coach should be advising you on arm bars and not medical matters unless he is qualified. See what the doctor says and follow thier advice, I'm sure your coach means well but it's not his specialist subject.
Just out of interest, what type of injury is it?, is it a rotation injury?, like the type of pain you get after being subbed by a kimura lock? - I have a should problem also with my left side, it's mainly when I throw jabs, it's bearable but I sure would like it to go away.
Three people detained on sedition charges as police launch crackdown on dissent.
Malaysian police have arrested three opposition politicians and activists and charged another with sedition, launching a crackdown on dissent three weeks after a divisive election that sparked a series of protests.
Opposition member of parliament Tian Chua, who is vice president of the opposition Pakatan Rakyat (People's Alliance), and pro-opposition activists Haris Ibrahim and Tamrin Ghafar, were arrested on Thursday for offences under the Sedition Act, Kuala Lumpur police chief Mohamed Salleh said.
Tian said on his Twitter page that he had been picked up by police as he was about to board a flight at Kuala Lumpur's budget air terminal.
Police also raided the offices of three opposition newspapers, and seized hundreds of copies of their publications for suspected infringement of regulations, the interior ministry said in a statement.
"The recent arrests are a matter for the police, who are acting to uphold the law," a government spokesman said. "The detentions came after the police received numerous reports against the defendants by members of the public."
Earlier, Adam Adli Halim, 24, was charged under the Sedition Act over a statement made at a public post-election forum on May 13. He had been held in custody for five days until he was released on bail on Thursday, his lawyer Fadiah Nadwa Fikri said.