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In 2012, a federal judge in Washington issued a default judgment of $314.7 million against Sudan, which did not respond to the lawsuit. A separate federal judge in New York later ordered several banks to turn over certain assets they held for Sudan, to partially satisfy the judgment.
The 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New York upheld those orders in 2015.
The administration of President Donald Trump agreed with Sudan’s position, saying the United States rejects judicial notices at its embassies abroad. Allowing notices to be sent to a foreign embassy in Washington “threatens harm to the United States’ foreign relations and its treatment in courts abroad,” it said.
The Supreme Court on Monday did not act on a separate bid by family members of the sailors who died to hold Sudan responsible for assisting in the bombing and collect about $35 million in damages.
James Rowcroft and his attendants at Larnach Castle, where he married Melanie Sharp in February. Photo by Moira Clark, M. Photog, NZIPP, AIPP.
Regan Turoa and his attendants. Regan married Amy Edwards at Dunedin Botanic Garden in February. Photo by SVZ Photography.
Sam McIntosh and his attendants. He married Sarah Chaloner in Te Anau in March. Photo by Carmen Hancock Photography.
The best man fills a role that is exactly as the name suggests, one that should never be underestimated.
He has a variety of official and unofficial duties, depending on the style of wedding and the amount of preparation that the groom is involved in and may need help with.
He is often a brother, a good mate, or both. He also needs to be a fairly responsible friend who will handle his duties with enthusiasm and a certain amount of flair! Grooms do well in considering this aspect when selecting someone for the job.
One of the pre-wedding events the best man is usually in charge of is the traditional stag party, and it is up to him to see that the groom gets home safely. He attends the rehearsal of the wedding and writes a speech. On the wedding day he will usually have a number of tasks before departing for the ceremony.
His first official duty is responsibility for the bride's wedding ring before and during the service until it is ready to be placed on her hand. At the reception he proposes a toast to the bridesmaids, gives a speech - always keenly anticipated by guests - and reads the congratulatory messages.
Although the bride and groom tend to remain at the wedding and not depart for their honeymoon until the next day, they may hold with tradition and leave the reception or dance before the guests begin to depart.
In the latter case, the best man makes sure the car is ready and that any luggage is intact.
From here on he can change down to cruise mode and look back on a job well done.
AS a suburban environmentalist, Mike Tidwell, 45, of Takoma Park, Md., always felt like a walking contradiction.
Though he had quit his job as a journalist to work for environmental nonprofit organizations, Mr. Tidwell viewed suburbs (his own hometown is just outside of Washington) as places built “to defy nature,” he said, giving everyone “their own little kingdom of grass and space” — not to mention 3,000-square-foot houses, he...
For years, Mr. Tidwell led an environmental campaign, one with few followers. In 2002, he started a neighborhood cooperative to buy and distribute organically fertilized corn kernels to burn in pellet stoves (a lower-emissions alternative to traditional fuel-oil boilers). At first, the cooperative consisted of just him...
But lately, after the release of Al Gore’s “Inconvenient Truth” and last summer’s Live Earth concerts, his corn collective has ballooned to more than 70 members, some coming from more distant Maryland suburbs like Bethesda and Silver Spring. The group even built a 25-foot-tall cylindrical granary, holding 22 tons of co...
Attitudes, Mr. Tidwell said, changed, too.
If the United States is ever to reduce its carbon emissions, suburbanites — that is, roughly half of all Americans, said William H. Frey, a demographer at the Brookings Institution — are going to have to play a big role. And lately, they are trying.
Since 2005, the mayors of hundreds of suburban communities across America have pledged to meet or even beat the emissions goals set by the Kyoto Protocol, a treaty to reduce greenhouse emissions.
In November, Levittown, N.Y., the model postwar suburb, declared its intentions to cut carbon emissions by 10 percent this year. And a few suburban pioneers are choosing solar heating for their pools, clotheslines for their backyard, or hybrid cars for their commute.
But the problem with suburbs, many environmentalists say, is not an issue of light bulbs. In the end, the very things that make suburban life attractive — the lush lawns, spacious houses and three-car garages — also disproportionally contribute to global warming. Suburban life, these environmentalists argue, is simply ...
Longtime suburban residents might wonder how they suddenly became environmentally incorrect. People who moved to the suburbs in the ’50’s and ’60’s thought they were being green just by doing so, said Robert Beauregard, a professor of urban planning at Columbia University.
The bar is considerably higher now.
Aileen Eilert, an accountant who in lives Lisle, Ill., about 30 miles west of Chicago, recently bought a 70-foot wind turbine to install in her family’s backyard. The turbine, which cost $12,000, will generate all the household power and more; the family will trade the excess back to the local power company for credits...
Alexander Lee, the 33-year-old founder of Project Laundry List, which tries to revive the use of clotheslines to save energy, has run into plenty of resistance from suburban community associations, many of which have regulations restricting them, he said.
Some local suburban governments are trying to make their towns greener. Many mayors from the 780 towns that have signed the United States Conference of Mayors Climate Protection Agreement — pledging to meet the Kyoto standards for carbon emissions by 2012 — hail from suburbs like Aliso Viejo, Calif., and Fair Lawn, N.J...
Some participating suburbs were already pursuing aggressive emissions-control measures, even before signing the agreement. Northbrook, Ill., near Chicago, now buys credits for 4,500 megawatt-hours of electricity from wind farms, enough to offset all the power consumed by its water utility, saving an estimated 4.9 milli...
SO far, Mr. Novinson said, residents have found the efforts to be relatively painless.
More symbolically, Nassau County officials started the Green Levittown program in the landmark suburb that was carved out of a potato field on Long Island in 1947. The initiatives are intended to persuade residents to conduct a home energy audit (at a cost of $150). The county then offers discounts rebates, and low-int...
A pilot program started in Marin County, north of San Francisco, in 2000, where at the time, surveys showed that 21 percent of children at nine schools surveyed either walked or rode their bikes to school. Two years later, that number was 38 percent, said Deb Hubsmith, the national director of the program.
Despite the efforts of individuals and whole communities to reduce the carbon cost of suburban life, the broad trends in American life have been moving in the opposite direction for decades. The average single-family home nearly doubled in size from 1970 to 2005, to 2,434 square feet. Americans commuting to work by car...
It is not clear, though, that suburbs need to ratchet back to 1970. Even moderate increases in density can help significantly in curbing carbon emissions, said Lawrence D. Frank, a professor of sustainable transportation at the University of British Columbia.
In a 2004 study of the environmental impact on transportation in the Atlanta metropolitan region, Mr. Frank found that the average carbon emissions per person per workday were about 10 percent lower in neighborhoods with six to eight dwellings per acre — a typical suburban layout — than in a more spacious one with only...
Gladwyn D’Souza, 53, a former electrical engineer who lives in suburban Belmont, Calif., moved out of a two-story 2,300-square-foot house to build a more environmentally friendly model in the same town. He relied on sustainable materials for construction: recycled concrete and glass for the kitchen countertops, doors s...
Because he insisted on living close to the local mass transit hub, he could find only a tiny lot, about one-tenth of an acre, within his price range. Without the ability to build out, he built up. His house is five narrow stories, and he rarely needs his car (a Prius, naturally).
“It’s about two blocks from everything — pizza, Safeway, the greenmarket,” Mr. D’Souza said.
By one view, Mr. D’Souza is a pioneer — inhabiting a microscale model of the eco-friendly, futuristic, post-automobile suburb.
By another, his home turf seems more familiar.
An article on Feb. 10, about concern over the fact that suburban communities use more energy and emit more carbon dioxide than cities do, misstated the energy resource purchased in an emissions-control effort by Northbrook, Ill., a Chicago suburb. It buys credits for 4,500 megawatt-hours of electricity a year from wind...
Judy McGrath, Chairman and CEO of MTV Networks, today announced key executive appointments. Van Toffler, formerly President, MTV, MTV2 and MTV Films, has been named MTV Networks Group President, responsible for MTV, MTV2, VH1, CMT and LOGO. Brian Graden has been named President, LOGO. He is also being named President, ...
Along with the naming of Brian Graden, President, LOGO, it was also announced today that Matt Farber will take on a broader consulting role for MTV Networks developing additional media and entertainment opportunities for the LGBT audience as well as other underserved groups. Farber will have the LOGO Founder title.
McGrath also announced that she's tapped Denmark West, formerly of Microsoft, to take on the role of Executive Vice President, Strategy and Business Development. West will be focused on future growth for the division, with an emphasis on fostering new media platforms.
Finally, McGrath announced that she's convinced Larry Divney, most recently retired President, Comedy Central, to return to MTV Networks as COO, Ad Sales.
"Van Toffler is one of the few executives who lives successfully and comfortably in the music, television, film and business worlds. His passion for our culture helps us maintain the rich creative mix the audience has come to expect from all things MTV. Under Van's leadership MTV has achieved record ratings and revenue...
Van Toffler has played an essential role at MTV Networks since joining the company in 1987 in business affairs for VH1 and Nickelodeon. Since that time, he has held a succession of positions, culminating in his appointment in 2000 as President, MTV: Music Television, MTV2 and MTV Films. Toffler's outstanding, creative ...
McGrath said about LOGO, "I'm so thrilled to tap into Brian's creative strength for LOGO -- and to extend his programming expertise to CMT and our international channels, as well. Brian has brought innovation and an unprecedented number of hits to MTV. He has been instrumental in the reinvention of VH1, which has never...
McGrath added, "I will be forever grateful to Matt Farber for bringing us the concept for LOGO and for all of his incredible work in the pre-launch and development process. I look forward to continuing to be able to tap into his passion and great entrepreneurial skills for our future businesses."
Graden joined MTV in July of 1997 as Executive Vice President, Programming. In January of 2000, he was promoted to President, Programming MTV & MTV2 and was named President, Entertainment MTV and VH1 in 2002. His amazing eye for talent and unflagging creativity are evidenced by the string of hits he's brought to MTV, i...
McGrath said about West, "Denmark will be a fantastic addition to my team. He brings us a unique and strong skill set from his years at Microsoft where he collaboratively worked on projects across all their divisions. As our businesses change and as our audiences embrace our brands in new ways, it is a great time for u...
Denmark West has a proven track record of formulating winning strategies, investments and partnerships. He was most recently the Manager of Strategic Planning and Investment Governance and acting Chief of Staff for the Windows Client Division at Microsoft Corporation in Redmond, WA. In that position, West supported the...
McGrath said about Divney, "In addition to our great creative success, MTV Networks is having an incredible year on the sales side. There is no one better to help keep the momentum going and to take it to the next level - than Larry. We're bringing him back to his ad sales roots and I am confident that with his experti...
An integral part of Comedy Central since its inception in 1991, Larry Divney retired his post as President, Comedy Central in June, 2004. During his time as President of Comedy Central, the network added nearly 30 million subscribers to end 2003 with 85 million subs and doubled total revenue during his tenure. Divney e...
While there are endless diets, supplements, and meal replacement plans claiming to ensure rapid weight loss, most lack any scientific evidence. There are, however, some strategies backed by science that do have an impact on weight management.
These strategies include exercising, keeping track of calorie intake, intermittent fasting, and reducing the number of carbohydrates in the diet.
In this article, we consider nine effective methods of weight loss.
Several research-backed strategies can aid weight loss, one of which is intermittent fasting (IF).
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a pattern of eating that involves regular short-term fasts and consuming meals within a shorter time period during the day.
Several studies have indicated that short-term intermittent fasting, which is up to 24 weeks in duration, leads to weight loss in overweight individuals.
Alternate day fasting (ADF): Fast every other day and eat normally on non-fasting days. The modified version involves eating just 25–30 percent of the body's energy needs on fasting days.
The 5:2 Diet: Fast on 2 out of every 7 days. On fasting days eat 500–600 calories.
The 16/8 method: Fast for 16 hours and eat only during an 8-hour window. For most people, the 8-hour window would be around noon to 8 p.m. A study on this method found that eating during a restricted period resulted in the participants consuming fewer calories and losing weight.
It is best to adopt a healthy eating pattern on non-fasting days and to avoid over-eating.
If someone wants to lose weight, they should be aware of everything that they eat and drink each day. The most effective way to do this is to log every item that they consume, in either a journal or an online food tracker.
Researchers estimated in 2017 that there would be 3.7 billion health app downloads by the end of the year. Of these, apps for diet, physical activity, and weight loss were among the most popular. This is not without reason, as tracking physical activity and weight loss progress on-the-go can be an effective way of mana...
One study found that consistent tracking of physical activity helped with weight loss. Meanwhile, a review study found a positive correlation between weight loss and the frequency of monitoring food intake and exercise. Even a device as simple as a pedometer can be a useful weight-loss tool.
Mindful eating is a practice where people pay attention to how and where they eat food. This practice can enable people to enjoy the food they eat and maintain a healthy weight.
As most people lead busy lives, they often tend to eat quickly on the run, in the car, working at their desks, and watching TV. As a result, many people are barely aware of the food they are eating.
Sitting down to eat, preferably at a table: Pay attention to the food and enjoy the experience.
Avoiding distractions while eating: Do not turn on the TV, or a laptop or phone.
Eating slowly: Take time to chew and savor the food. This technique helps with weight loss, as it gives a person's brain enough time to recognize the signals that they are full, which can help to prevent over-eating.
Making considered food choices: Choose foods that are full of nourishing nutrients and those that will satisfy for hours rather than minutes.
One strategy for weight loss is intermittent fasting. Learn more about it and how it impacts metabolism here.
Protein can regulate appetite hormones to help people feel full. This is mostly due to a decrease in the hunger hormone ghrelin and a rise in the satiety hormones peptide YY, GLP-1, and cholecystokinin.
Research on young adults has also demonstrated that the hormonal effects of eating a high-protein breakfast can last for several hours.
Good choices for a high-protein breakfast include eggs, oats, nut and seed butters, quinoa porridge, sardines, and chia seed pudding.
It can help to swap high-sugar snacks for fruits and nuts.
The Western diet is increasingly high in added sugars, and this has definite links to obesity, even when the sugar occurs in beverages rather than food.
Refined carbohydrates are heavily processed foods that no longer contain fiber and other nutrients. These include white rice, bread, and pasta.
These foods are quick to digest, and they convert to glucose rapidly.
Excess glucose enters the blood and provokes the hormone insulin, which promotes fat storage in the adipose tissue. This contributes to weight gain.
Dietary fiber describes plant-based carbohydrates that it is not possible to digest in the small intestine, unlike sugar and starch. Including plenty of fiber in the diet can increase the feeling of fullness, potentially leading to weight loss.
One emerging area of research is focusing on the role of bacteria in the gut on weight management.
The human gut hosts a vast number and variety of microorganisms, including around 37 trillion bacteria.
Every individual has different varieties and amounts of bacteria in their gut. Some types can increase the amount of energy that the person harvests from food, leading to fat deposition and weight gain.
A wide variety of plants: Increasing the number of fruits, vegetables, and grains in the diet will result in an increased fiber uptake and a more diverse set of gut bacteria. People should try to ensure that vegetables and other plant-based foods comprise 75 percent of their meal.
Fermented foods: These enhance the function of good bacteria while inhibiting the growth of bad bacteria. Sauerkraut, kimchi, kefir, yogurt, tempeh, and miso all contain good amounts of probiotics, which help to increase good bacteria. Researchers have studied kimchi widely, and study results suggest that it has anti-o...
Prebiotic foods: These stimulate the growth and activity of some of the good bacteria that aid weight control. Prebiotic fiber occurs in many fruits and vegetables, especially chicory root, artichoke, onion, garlic, asparagus, leeks, banana, and avocado. It is also in grains, such as oats and barley.
Numerous studies have shown that getting less than 5–6 hours of sleep per night is associated with increased incidence of obesity. There are several reasons behind this.
Research suggests that insufficient or poor-quality sleep slows down the process in which the body converts calories to energy, called metabolism. When metabolism is less effective, the body may store unused energy as fat. In addition, poor sleep can increase the production of insulin and cortisol, which also prompt fa...
How long someone sleeps also affects the regulation of the appetite-controlling hormones leptin and ghrelin. Leptin sends signals of fullness to the brain.
Outdoor activities can help with stress management.
Stress triggers the release of hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which initially decrease the appetite as part of the body's fight or flight response.
However, when people are under constant stress, cortisol can remain in the bloodstream for longer, which will increase their appetite and potentially lead to them eating more.
Cortisol signals the need to replenish the body's nutritional stores from the preferred source of fuel, which is carbohydrate.
Insulin then transports the sugar from carbohydrates from the blood to the muscles and brain. If the individual does not use this sugar in fight or flight, the body will store it as fat.
Researchers found that implementing an 8-week stress-management intervention program resulted in significant reduction in the body mass index (BMI) of overweight and obese children and adolescents.
It is important to remember that there are no quick fixes when it comes to weight loss.

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