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UFW Union member Negri Daifulla, an immigrant from Yemen, was killed on the picket line.
UFW Union member Juan de la Cruz was killed on the picket line.
The United Farm Workers of America, AFL-CIO, held their First Constitutional Convention in Fresno, California. Senator Edward Kennedy and Leonard Woodcock, UAW president, gave speeches of support. A 111-page constitution is adopted.
The California Labor Relations Act was enacted, becoming the first law governing the organization of farm labor in the continental U.S. It provided for secret ballot elections, the right to boycott, voting rights for migrant seasonal workers and control over the timing of elections.
The Agricultural Labor Relations Board (ALRB) is established to administer the elections. California Governor Jerry Brown appointed LeRoy Chatfield, a former union organizer, and Bishop Roger Mahoney, who had earlier mediated between the union and the Teamsters, to the five member board.
Chavez led a 1,000 mile march through the Imperial and San Joaquin Valleys to promote upcoming union elections.
The use of a short-handled hoe, “el cortito,” was effectively outlawed by a U.S. Supreme Court ruling, Sebastian Carmona et al vs. Division of Industrial Safety , and a California administrative ruling.
Cesar Chavez announced that grape and lettuce boycotts are over, and that boycotts will now target specific labels.
Chavez began an internal reorganization of the UFW. Many longtime staff members left.
On February 10th, UFW member Rufino Contreras is shot and killed by armed company foremen on an Imperial Valley lettuce field during a workers’ strike.
Chavez announced a new grape boycott, emphasizing the issue of pesticide residue on fruit.
The U.S. suffered the worst drought in more than 50 years; half the nation’s agricultural counties were designated disaster areas.
On August 16th, Cesar Chavez fasted to protest pesticide usage. Thirty-six days later, Chavez broke his fast with Jesse Jackson and the Robert Kennedy family at his side.
The UFW helped organize large-scale walkouts in the Coachella Valley to protest the lack of drinking water and sanitary facilities for farm workers. In the Salinas Valley, Chavez led more than 10,000 workers in a protest march for better conditions in the field.
On April 23rd, after fasting for a few days to gain moral strength, Cesar Chavez died in his sleep.
More than 35,000 people attended the funeral, following his casket for three miles, from Delano to Forty Acres. Cardinal Roger Mahoney led the funeral mass, offering a personal condolence from the Pope. Cesar E. Chavez is laid to rest in Keene, California.
Cesar E. Chavez was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States’ highest civilian honor, by President William Jefferson Clinton.
In April, the United States Postal Service will issue a Cesar E. Chavez commemorative stamp.
The stamp image was painted by Roberto Rodriguez based on a photograph taken by Bob Fitch in 1976.
What an amazing life. And what stands out the most to me is how he accomplished so much through non-violent means. It’s no coincedence that the most revered protesters and civil rights leaders in history are those who did not resort to violence.
Agreed. Non-violence is kind of dangerous because it makes people listen!
Never been one for idolatry, but this man is one of two true heros to me. Cesar, and Dr. King, IMO America has produced no greater.
Late 60’s and early 70’s I was living in Pittsburgh PA, far from the place I would ultimately call home. You know what? We boycotted grapes. In Pittsburgh. Forty some years later I still feel good about it, that I was connected to a verdadero hero whom I would have cause to learn so much more about. Viva!
A great union leader ; a great human being; proud to have met him San Antonio , Tx.
HELLO. I am writing to tell u that Cesar Chavez has been a very good leader to defend their people.
Wonderful article about this wonderful man to do what he did w/o giving up his long struggle to help farmworkers. Thanks so much for the full bio of what he did.
I came to CA in ’71 and first heard about what he was doing, and backed him all the way.
I grew up on a dairy farm in Wis. and didn’t have to milk cows but did help in the barn to feed the cows and that meant every summer picking up stones before the fields got planted and then helped pick raspberries to be sold. No swimming pools for us but a pond across the street dug by that farmer for his cows, but luckily they didn’t use it, so we did to cool off when the work was done.
It was an eye-opener to hear about the bad conditions the farmworkers in CA put up with, and so glad this wonderful man and others did something about it. They are heroes for sure.
I met him in Tolleson, Arizona .
Hello, I am currently working on an AP United States History project in which I must find a quality photograph of someone with historical significance. I am interested in placing the photo labeled “Cesar Chavez and the UFW -1965” on my project but need the name of the photographer. If anyone has any idea as to who the photographer is, please reply. Thank You for your help.
Who is Cesar Chavez ?
Maybe try reading the article.
Newer Article: A Hard Rain’s Gonna Fall on California: GOP Quashing Brown’s Special Election?
The world’s biggest contract chipmaker recently informed investors that sales were slowing due to "falling demand" for the microprocessors that specialize in blockchain mining. Almost two weeks ago, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. (TSMC) had to lower this year's sales growth forecast to 6.5% from earlier estimates of between 7% and 9%.
Cryptocurrencies are shedding some of their magic. The proxy for legal tender had once charmed investors while spawning countless fintech startups that are building services based on blockchain technology. But prices for bitcoin have slumped 60% this year, making it more difficult for the miners to turn a profit by using their powerful computer systems to generate and verify units of cryptocurrencies.
TSMC produces high-performance computing chips for clients like AMD, which has also been showing signs of a slowdown. This industry news report went so far as to say that AMD saw a “huge” decline in second-quarter business from crypto mining chips and that the company was not anticipating a rebound in the third. TSMC declined to discuss cryptocurrency mining chips for this report.
More on Forbes: Will Decentralization Powered By Blockchain Allow Greater User Privacy?
Interest in cryptocurrency mining has tapered this year in part because Bitcoin prices have tumbled. This commentary predicts a bear market through year’s end. Mining has also grown increasingly competitive and reward formulas more complex. When the market slumps, a miner’s equipment’s income will “sag a lot” and “even become unprofitable,” Intelligent Investing says in this July commentary.
"A decline in demand for cryptocurrency mining equipment has to do with the high cost of purchase," says Peng Mao-jung, an international strategy center manager with the Taiwan government's Industrial Technology Research Institute. "The lack of interest in mining equipment also has to do with the implosion of crypto prices."
Just a leveling off in demand?
To be sure, slumping prices of cryptocurrencies aren't the only reason for the slowdown. Orders for mining processors may have “leveled off” as buyers wait for an upgrade in chips from a 16-nanometer to a 7-nanometer process, says Shone Anstey, executive chairman and cofounder of BlockChain Intelligence Group, a Vancouver-based cryptocurrency tracking firm. Chips made through a 7-nanometer process would offer more power per machine, with more energy efficiency. Producers may find this scheme “profitable,” Anstey says for this post.
“The indicators are there that the market has been slowing down in preparation for this new family of mining chips to come into production,” he adds. “The increased power of these new mining chips may prompt the smaller mining operations to pool resources in order to scale up."
Today bigger miners have an edge in generating new units of crytocurrencies because of their relative computing power.
Blockchain technology is expected to grow anyhow as financial institutions and stock exchanges use it more often. "The key factor that drives the growth of this market is the ability to share the ledger and continually reconciled database," Peng says.
Garda Whistleblower John Wilson is seeking an apology from the Taoiseach and the Justice Minister for the treatment he received after he raised concerns about the penalty-points system.
"I want an apology from Mr Kenny and from Mr Shatter. It's that simple," he said.
"We (myself and Sgt Maurice McCabe) acted lawfully at all times. We were ridiculed (and) our allegations were minimised by Minister Shatter and (by) the Garda Commissioner Martin Callinan."
His remarks came after the publication of the Garda Inspectorate report, which found "consistent and widespread breaches of policy" by the Gardaí administering the penalty points system.
It says that, with a few exceptions, there was no meaningful supervision of the cancellation process at any Garda level.
Meanwhile the Government has agreed to appoint retired judge Pat McMahon as the new Garda confidential recipient, to hear reports from internal whistleblowers.
Apple's iOS 6 will come with more Facebook integration for the iPhone and iPad. Luckily for iPhone users, the next version of the Facebook app will also be faster, according to The New York Times' technology blog, Bits.
Apple’s iOS 6 will come with more Facebook integration for the iPhone and iPad. Luckily for iPhone users, the next version of the Facebook app will also be faster, according to The New York Times‘ technology blog, Bits.
One of the Facebook engineers said the new application has been built primarily using Objective-C, the programming language used to build applications for iOS. Many of the components of the current version of the Facebook app are built using HTML5, a Web-based programming language.
The current version of the app is essentially an Objective-C shell with a Web browser inside. When it comes to speed, this is like putting the engine of a Smart Car in the body of a Ferrari.
Bilton had the chance to give the upgraded iPhone app a spin and called it “blazing fast.” However, despite the increased speed, Bilton said not much has changed design-wise.
Readers: Are you excited that the next update of the Facebook iPhone app will be faster? What else would you like engineers to improve?
Image courtesy of Katherine Welles / Shutterstock.
SHOULD YOUNG THUG BE WORRIED?
Apparently Lil' Wayne is not the only one who isn't feeling Young Thug right now. A rapper by the name of 21 isn't either. Allegedly his song/video "Pull Up" is a Young Thug diss. Ummm.
Red tide and toxic blue-green algae haven’t washed up on the shores of Miami Beach, but the politics of the environmental disaster will come within sight of shore this Labor Day weekend.
From Saturday through Monday, Gov. Rick Scott’s Senate campaign and the National Republican Senatorial Committee will deploy a digital floating billboard in sight of beachgoers that criticizes his opponent, Sen. Bill Nelson, for what Scott says is inaction in Washington concerning water pollution.
The effort shows the lengths to which Scott’s big-spending campaign is going in order to get its message out, and it exposes just how politically toxic the issues of toxic algae and red tide are in Florida. The state has gained national attention because of closed beaches, dead manatees and whale sharks, and thick guacamole-colored slime in the St. Lucie River, Lake Okeechobee and the Caloosahatchee.
“Sen. Bill Nelson. 30 years in Washington. All talk no action on algae, on red tide,” Scott’s floating ad says.
Nelson is sure to object to the characterization in light of his and Sen. Marco Rubio's successful effort to get the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to spend $1 million to study the crisis.
Scott has been on the defensive over state water-quality issues. Although he had only token opposition in his just-ended primary, 20 percent of Martin County Republicans chose no-name opponent Rocky De La Fuente in a protest vote that stood as his biggest loss of GOP support in the state.
Senate Majority PAC, a Democratic group backing Nelson, announced three days ago it was spending $2.9 million on an ad criticizing Scott over the issue.
Scott’s campaign attacked first by cutting its own ad at the beginning of the month that criticized Nelson for federal inaction concerning repairs of the Lake Okeechobee dike. Nelson responded with a web ad of his own that pointed to newspaper editorials and environmentalist statements criticizing the governor for rolling back environmental regulations before the water pollution problem became a crisis.
The final day of the Sussex Cricket League season began with Stirlands and Chichester Priory Park both still having hopes of promotion.
Stirlands clinched promotion in the most dramatic way possible - when they were on the way home.
They had drawn at Southwater and needed Rottingdean to lose to Seaford to ensure they finished second.
And that’s just what Rottingdean did - to a six off the last ball.
On an overcast day with heavy rain approaching, Stirlands travelled to Southwater knowing victory would secure promotion.
Stand-in captain Torquil Deacon won the toss and chose to bat, hoping scoreboard pressure against the league’s bottom side would prove decisive.
The Stirlands top order couldn’t adapt to the variable bounce from the green wicket and the visitors quickly found themselves precariously placed on 30 for three.
However, as has happened several times this season, the middle order steadied the ship and went about rebuilding the innings, with captain Deacon taking the anchor role, allowing Ajinkya Deshpande, Dan Mugford abd Ed Clarke to play positively.
A ninth-wicket stand of 52 between Ned Renwick and Dan Beal took the visitors to 185 before a declaration after 51 overs.
Stirlands were hopeful of taking the ten wickets they required – however they hadn’t taken into account the positive strokeplay of Southwater’s captain, Alex Harding.
He was determined to try to win the game for his side to give them maximum chance of survival in the county league, scoring a well-constructed 52 before being caught by David Briance after sharing an opening stand of 94.
Wickets and runs continued to come, but Southwater were in the accendancy in miserable conditions.
With just 12 runs required, the umpires had to give in to the rain and play was abandoned.
Stirlands knew promotion was then out of their hands, while results hadn’t gone for Southwater who were relegated to the Invitation League.
As the Stirlands players and supporters headed home, news came filtering through that Seaford had managed to beat Rottingdean with a six from the final ball of the season to win by one wicket – and secure promotion for Stirlands to the delight of everyone in the club.
It means next season will bring a division-three campaign including derbies with Chichester and Pagham.
The final day saw both the division-three title and second promotion place up for grabs - but it ended with Chichester missing out on the prized places.
Chichester needed to beat bottom side Crawley and rely on results elsewhere, this on a day when heavy rain was forecast.
Chichester were asked to bat first. Several balls bounced erratically or lost pace after pitching.
Given the unpredictable wicket, Peter Lamb’s innings was all the more extraordinary. He batted with patience to anchor the innings and his score of 79 was far and away the highest of the day – other than Lamb, only George Stephens (18) and Rob Carver (21no) reached double figures for the visitors.
Chichester declared after just 42 overs on 161 for nine. Kasif Naveed took five wickets.
Knowing rain could fall at any time, Chichester needed quick wickets and that’s exactly what they got. The ever reliable Matt Geffen took 5-20 to finish the year with 56 league wickets.
Crawley captain Raswan Hussain (35) offered some resistance but the rest of his team failed to show the same kind of commitment.
Chichester polished off the last of the Crawley batsmen to dismiss them for just 58 to earn a 103-run victory and 30 crucial points. Minutes later the heavens opened.
All attention turned to the other key games at Portslade and Burgess Hill.
Burgess Hill had lost to Mayfield but Portslade had won. Portslade were confirmed as champions with 359 points, Mayfield got the same number of points but ended up second once the tie-breaking procedure was implemented. Chichester had to settle for a share of third on 347.
In hindsight, you could point the finger at certain incidents that cost Chichester across the year. The tied game on the opening day of the season against Crowhurst Park and the narrow failure to score the extra four runs needed to beat Portslade last week were among them.
On reflection the final table probably reflects where Chichester are at the moment. The batting was a weak point but the majority of the batsmen are still young and will improve.
Chichester will probably start the 2017 season with the strongest bowling line-up in division three and will be feared and respected.
Thu., Dec. 31, 2009, 8:32 p.m.
Thu., Dec. 31, 2009, 7:16 p.m.
Eastern Washington's men's basketball team snapped a five-game losing streak with a 79-75 home win over Big Sky Conference rival Sacramento State on Thursday night.You can read an unedited version of the game story that will appear in Friday morning's S-R below.