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Initially, Lee and his colleagues had set out to complete a different kind of project. They recruited 35 participants aged between 18 and 41 who agreed to undergo functional MRI scans while listening to sentences of varying complexities.
The researchers were interested in monitoring and comparing brain activity when a listener had to process messages with a simple structure versus more complicated sentences that likely involved a different kind of cognitive effort.
Yet their study took a different turn as they noted something surprising about some of their young adult participants.
Some of the volunteers turned out to have subtle hearing impairments when tested at baseline, but Lee and team did not think much of this, as the deficits were not evident enough to warrant eliminating those participants from the study.
Learn how hearing loss may lead to cognitive decline.
Yet after conducting the fMRI scans, they noticed that the participants with subtle hearing problems actually processed the messages they heard differently from their peers. And not just that, but their brain activity in this context was similar to that of aging listeners.
Specifically, healthy young adults with no hearing problems only use the left hemisphere of the brain to process heard information. But the participants with minor hearing impairments actually showed activity in both the left and the right hemispheres of their brains.
In the case of the latter, the right frontal cortex became active — something normally seen only in older people.
"This isn't about the ear — it's about the brain, the cognitive process, and it shouldn't be happening until people are at least older than 50," Lee explains.
The study authors explain that, normally, healthy young adults only use the left brain hemisphere when engaged in language comprehension tasks. As people age, however, they start to engage the right frontal part of the brain too, as they put more effort into processing spoken language.
"But in our study," says Lee, "young people with mild hearing decline were already experiencing this phenomenon."
"Their brains already know that the perception of sound is not what it used to be and the right side starts compensating for the left," he adds.
It is hard to say how this might impact these individuals later in life, but Lee and team worry that the hearing issues may only worsen, affecting comprehension. And, this can hasten the development of neurodegenerative conditions such as dementia.
"Previous research," says Lee, "shows that people with mild hearing loss are twice as likely to have dementia. And those with moderate to severe hearing loss have three to five times the risk."
"We can't be sure," he continues, "but we suspect that what happens is you put so much effort into listening you drain your cognitive resources, and that has a negative effect on your thinking and memory and that can eventually lead to dementia."
For these reasons, Lee advises young adults to look after their hearing more carefully and avoid exposing themselves to situations that are likely to have undesired consequences.
"Letting [hearing loss] happen early in your life," Lee cautions, "could be like spending your retirement money when you're in your 30s. You're going to need that down the road."
Meagan Duhamel's stomach flu has forced the Canadian figure skater and her partner Eric Radford to withdraw from the pairs free skate at the Four Continents championships in Taipei, Taiwan. They won the event in 2013 and 2015.
Meagan Duhamel's stomach flu has ended any hopes of the Canadian figure skater and partner Eric Radford winning a third Four Continents pairs title.
Radford tweeted Friday evening that they wouldn't be able to compete in the free skate in Taipei, Taiwan, and would shift their focus to next month's world championships in Boston.
An ailing Duhamel batted through Thursday's short program, scoring 71.90 points with Radford to sit second to China's Wenjing Sui and Cong Han.
"It prevented us from having a really great skate which is what we were hoping for," said Radford, referring to Duhamel's illness.
Duhamel, a Lively, Ont., native attempted to gain some strength leading up to the free skate by getting extra rest while Radford, who hails from Balmertown, Ont., took to the ice for a solo workout.
In 2013, Duhamel and Radford won gold at Four Continents for their first international pairs title and became the first Canadians to claim the title since Jamie Sale and David Pelletier in 2002.
Duhamel and Radford also prevailed at Four Continents a year ago in Seoul, South Korea, defeating China's Peng Cheng and Zhang Hao with a point total of 219.48.
Last month, the reigning world champions won their fifth Canadian pairs title, defeating Quebec's Julianne Seguin and Charlie Bilodeau in Halifax.
Choosing where to put your money is one of the most important decisions you can make. When you have the option to invest or to pay off debt, which do you choose? Salman Khan of the Khan Academy outlines the best ways to get yourself into good financial shape.
How do you estimate effective interest rates?
Because everyone living in a dystopia deserves a beautiful and inviting home.
1. This pour-over coffee dripper and stand that just looks so elegant.
It's what the cookie in your brain would use to brew your morning coffee.
2. This table lamp that's perfect for any surface in the house.
It will look especially great on the nightstand in the bedroom you share with your deceased partner's replica.
Get it in black, green, or white from Amazon for $31.99—$40.
3. This compact dish riser with clean lines.
You're making all those smoothies for your daughter; save some room in the kitchen!
Get it from Amazon for $25. You can also get a side table with the same design from Amazon for $76.
4. This handsome essential oil diffuser so that your home will smell as pleasing as it looks.
If you're going to have your consciousness uploaded to a beach resort town where you'll live forever and ever, you want your home in the cloud to smell nice.
5. This wood grain alarm clock with a soft glow.
Keep track of time while you're whipping up that Christmas breakfast in the simulation designed to extract a confession from a murder suspect.
Get it from Amazon for $13.96.
6. These wooden hooks that turn any wall in the house into a functional feature wall.
Your rating could get as high as 4.6 once you share a pic of these.
Get a pack of two from Amazon for $15.99.
7. This writing desk that's somehow both retro and futuristic.
This is a great place to work on that new mod of the simulation you've trapped your co-workers in.
Get it from Amazon for $60.99.
8. This desk lamp that's gorgeously minimalist but homey af.
Because you need a well-lighted workspace to make your plan to destroy the techno-crimes enthusiast who has ruined your family.
Get it from Urban Outfitters for $59.
9. This beautiful Bluetooth speaker to blast "Heaven is a Place On Earth."
It comes in gold, gray, black, silver, and pink. Get it from Amazon for $20.99.
10. This stainless steel toilet paper holder that doubles as a little shelf for your device (or whatever).
Until they get implanted behind our ears, we need a good bathroom stash spot for our devices.
This is definitely what you'd use to pour yourself a mug of hot tea when you get stressed out by having your comatose partner's consciousness inside your brain.
And if don't like the blue, it's available in 13 other colors. Get it from Amazon for $29.97.
12. This USB lamp that's also a small planter.
If you're going to be posted up at a screen seduction-coaching young men through their dates, you'll want some nifty-yet-functional desk adornment.
Get it from Amazon for $29.67.
13. This sleek canister that hides all your cables.
Workspaces get cluttered — computer, multiple monitors, fridge for your employees' DNA — but that doesn't mean you need to have a nest of wires.
Get it from Amazon for $89.95.
14. This set of four throw pillows for a geometric but homey look.
Make your IRL place look like the impeccably-decorated midcentury modern apartments you live in in the dating simulation you inhabit.
Get them from Amazon for $22.99.
15. This bamboo watch with dots instead of hands.
For when you're being blackmailed by anonymous text messages and have a schedule to stick to.
It also comes in black. Get it from Amazon for $19.99.
16. These wireless earbuds that are made to go everywhere with you.
How else are you going to listen to "I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday" on repeat forever?
17. This super simple glass carafe with a cork stopper.
Beautifully simple. And, bonus: They're easily broken into shards you can hold to your neck on a live broadcast.
Get a set of two from Amazon for $26.19.
18. This all-white French press that makes brewing coffee even more lovely.
Use it to make the coffee you'll sip as you think about how your husband fucked a pig on live television.
Get it from Urban Outfitters for $27.
19. This set of concrete and gold succulent planters.
When you get your big break and don’t have to be on the bikes anymore, decorate your new tiny apartment with these affordable planters.
Get a set of three from Amazon for $23.
20. This appealing speckled mug.
For when you grab that vanilla latte for your new boss.
Get it from Urban Outfitters for $12.
21. This six-piece set of bamboo serving and cooking utensils.
Because when you're watching memories of dinner parties past so you can find evidence that your spouse is cheating on you, you’ll want to see yourself using these handsome utensils.
Get the set from Amazon for $11.95.
22. And finally this 5-piece knife set that looks like it was plucked directly off the counter of an architect's beautiful Icelandic home.
Most great salads begin with your favorite variety of leafy green lettuce. Lettuce adds crunch and volume to salads, sandwiches and wraps, but it's more than a tasty vegetable. Lettuce also contains important nutrients and antioxidants that can help keep you well.
While lettuce takes up a lot of space on your plate, it doesn't pack a punch in terms of calorie content. One cup of shredded lettuce contains about 8 calories per serving. Lettuce is often a base for your salad, to which you can add other healthy, low-calorie toppings such as grilled meats, fresh veggies, flaxseeds, n...
The telltale crunch in lettuce gives it away as a dietary fiber-containing food. Each serving of romaine lettuce contains about 3 percent of your daily fiber intake. If you eat a 3-cup shredded-lettuce salad for lunch, that's about one-tenth of your daily fiber needs. The fiber found in lettuce benefits your health bec...
While different types of lettuce exist, the darker the greens, the healthier the lettuce is likely to be for you. For example, lettuce contains about 205 micrograms of vitamin A retinol activity equivalents, a measurement of active vitamin A, according to the USDA. One cup of shredded romaine lettuce has 64 grams of fo...
Recent recalls to prepackaged lettuce and an increased outbreak of food-borne pathogens may have you wondering if lettuce really is the right choice for you. However, the FDA has industry guidelines in regard to safe lettuce production and eliminating harmful bacteria. Regardless, you should thoroughly rinse or use a p...
JoyBauer.com: Which Lettuce Greens Are the Healthiest?
At least 10 people were killed nine more were wounded in the latest violence. Although one fatality was a heart attack, his colleagues are blaming the Iraqi government for withholding medical care.
The Mujahedeen al-Khalq accused the Iraqi government of interfering with the medical treatment of one exile, who later died of a heart attack at Camp Liberty.
In Samarra, two policemen were shot dead at a shrine. Three more policemen were killed at a polling station. A civilian was kidnapped.
In Mosul, a man was killed and his wife was wounded in a shooting. A taxi driver was bludgeoned to death at his home. Gunmen killed the owner of a produce market.
Gunmen killed a man and wounded his brother during a home invasion in Muqdadiya.
Six people were wounded in two separate bombings in Baghdad. A bag filled with grenades was found.
An ambulance driver was shot and wounded in Kirkuk.