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AZ-01: Rep. Ann Kirkpatrick (D) reported raising $625,000 from Aug. 7 to Sept. 30, finishing with $820,000 cash on hand. Former state House Speaker Andy Tobin (R) reported raising $439,000 and having $376,000 cash on hand.
AZ-02: Rep. Ron Barber (D) reported raising $669,000 from Aug. 7 to Sept. 30, finishing with $991,000. Retired Air Force fighter pilot Martha McSally (R) reported raising just over $1 million and having slightly more than $1 million cash on hand.
CA-07: Rep. Ami Bera (D) reported raising $885,000 in the third quarter and having $814,000 cash on hand. Former Rep. Doug Ose (R) reported $337,000 and having $271,000 cash on hand.
CA-17: Rep. Mike Honda (D) reported raising $414,000 in the third quarter and having $964,000 cash on hand. Former Commerce Department official Ro Khanna (D) reported raising $323,000 and having $218,000 cash on hand.
CA-21: Rep. David Valadao (R) reported raising $546,000 in the third quarter and having $1.1 million cash on hand. Former congressional aide Amanda Renteria (D) reported raising $394,000 and having $443,000 cash on hand.
CA-26: Rep. Julia Brownley (D) reported raising $730,000 in the third quarter and having $895,000 cash on hand. State Assemblyman Jeff Gorell (R) reported raising $403,000 and having $337,000 cash on hand.
CA-31: Redlands Mayor Pete Aguilar (D) reported raising $492,000 in the third quarter and having $293,000 cash on hand. Navy veteran Paul Chabot (R) reported raising $150,000 and having $151,000 cash on hand.
CA-36: Rep. Raul Ruiz (D) reported raising $640,000 in the third quarter and having $1.6 million cash on hand. State Assemblyman Brian Nestande (R) reported raising $241,000 and having $135,000 cash on hand.
CA-52: Rep. Scott Peters (D) reported raising $907,000 in the third quarter and having $808,000 cash on hand. Former San Diego City Councilman Carl DeMaio (R) reported raising $631,000 and having $781,000 cash on hand.
FL-02: Rep. Steve Southerland (R) reported raising $528,000 from Aug. 7 to Sept. 30 and having $1.1 million cash on hand. Attorney Gwen Graham (D) reported raising $599,000 and having $632,000 cash on hand.
FL-18: Rep. Patrick Murphy (D) reported raising $778,000 from Aug. 7 to Sept. 30 and having $881,000 cash on hand. Former state Rep. Carl Domino (R) reported raising $44,000 and having $84,000 cash on hand.
FL-26: Rep. Joe Garcia (D) reported raising $497,000 from Aug. 7 to Sept. 30 and having $1.1 million cash on hand. Miami-Dade County School Board member Carlos Curbelo (R) reported raising $419,000 and having $505,000 cash on hand.
GA-12: Rep. John Barrow (D) reported raising $682,000 in the third quarter and having $1.5 million cash on hand. Construction company owner Rick Allen (R) reported raising $328,000 and having $118,000 cash on hand.
IA-01: State Rep. Pat Murphy (D) reported raising $357,000 in the third quarter and having $179,000 cash on hand. Businessman Rod Blum (R) reported raising $297,000 and having $226,000 cash on hand.
IA-03: Former state Sen. Staci Appel (D) reported raising $592,000 in the third quarter and having $369,000 cash on hand. Former congressional aide David Young (R) reported raising $794,000 and having $295,000 cash on hand.
IA-04: Rep. Steve King (R) reported raising $601,000 in the third quarter and having $736,000 cash on hand. Veteran Jim Mowrer (D) reported raising $704,000 and having $242,000 cash on hand.
IL-10: Rep. Brad Schneider (D) reported raising $1.1 million in the third quarter and having $979,000 cash on hand. Former Rep. Bob Dold (R) reported raising $688,000 and having $1.4 million cash on hand.
IL-12: Rep. Bill Enyart (D) reported raising $441,000 in the third quarter and having $218,000 cash on hand. State Rep. Mike Bost (R) reported raising $348,000 and having $82,000 cash on hand.
IL-13: Rep. Rodney Davis (R) reported raising $563,000 in the third quarter and having $1.2 million cash on hand. Former judge Ann Callis (D) reported raising $401,000 and having $545,000 cash on hand.
IL-17: Rep. Cheri Bustos (D) reported raising $684,000 in the third quarter and having $988,000 cash on hand. Former Rep. Bobby Schilling (R) reported raising $348,000 in the third quarter and having $305,000 cash on hand.
LA-05: Rep. Vance McAllister (R) reported raising $19,350 from Aug. 3 to Sept. 30 and having $193,000 cash on hand. “Duck Dynasty” cousin Zach Dasher (R) reported raising $238,000 and having $162,000 cash on hand. Physician Ralph Abraham (R) reported raising $55,000 and having $234,000 cash on hand. Monroe Mayor Jamie Mayo (D) reported raising $40,000 and having $10,000 cash on hand.
MA-06: Marine Corps veteran Seth Moulton (D) reported raising $601,000 from Aug. 21 to Sept. 30 and having $371,000 cash on hand. Former state Sen. Richard Tisei (R) reported raising $333,000 and having $608,000 cash on hand.
ME-02: State Sen. Emily Cain (D) reported raising $680,000 in the third quarter and having $408,000 cash on hand. Former state treasurer Bruce Poliquin (R) reported raising $419,000 and having $702,000 cash on hand.
MN-07: Rep. Collin Peterson (D) reported raising $344,000 from July 24 to Sept. 30 and having $761,000 cash on hand. State Sen. Torrey Westrom (R) reported raising $248,000 and having $399,000 cash on hand.
MN-08: Rep. Rick Nolan (D) reported raising $558,000 from July 24 to Sept. 30 and having $525,000 cash on hand. Businessman Stewart Mills (R) reported raising $346,000 and having $254,000 cash on hand.
NE-02: Rep. Lee Terry (R) reported raising $754,000 in the third quarter and having $409,000 cash on hand. State Sen. Brad Ashford (D) reported raising $419,000 and having $127,000 cash on hand.
NH-01: Rep. Carol Shea-Porter (D) reported raising $279,000 from Aug. 21 to Sept. 30 and having $135,000 cash on hand. Former Rep. Frank Guinta (R) reported raising $351,000 and having $373,000 cash on hand.
NH-02: Rep. Ann Kuster (D) reported raising $545,000 from Aug. 21 to Sept. 30 and having $1.1 million cash on hand. Former state Rep. Marilinda Garcia (R) reported raising $392,000 and having $171,000 cash on hand.
NJ-03: Former Randolph Mayor Tom MacArthur (R) reported raising $345,000 in the third quarter and having $561,000 cash on hand. Burlington County Freeholder Aimee Belgard (D reported raising $583,000 and having $604,000 cash on hand.
NY-01: Rep. Tim Bishop (D) reported raising $700,000 in the third quarter and having $1 million cash on hand. State Sen. Lee Zeldin (R) reported raising $659,000 and having $404,000 cash on hand.
NY-11: Rep. Michael Grimm (R) reported raising $89,000 in the third quarter and having $624,000 cash on hand. Former New York City Councilman Domenic Recchia (D) reported raising $416,000 and having $987,000 cash on hand.
NY-18: Rep. Sean Patrick Maloney (D) reported raising $777,000 in the third quarter and having $1.1 million cash on hand. Former Rep. Nan Hayworth (R) reported raising $432,000 and having $835,000 cash on hand.
NY-21: Former Bush White House aide Elise Stefanik (R) reported raising $680,000 in the third quarter and having $359,000 cash on hand. Documentary filmmaker Aaron Woolf (D) reported raising $480,000 and having $372,000 cash on hand.
NY-23: Rep. Tom Reed (R) reported raising $664,000 in the third quarter and having $919,000 cash on hand. Tompkins County Legislator Martha Robertson (D) reported raising $516,000 and having $498,000 cash on hand.
NY-24: Rep. Dan Maffei (D) reported raising $464,000 in the third quarter and having $863,000 cash on hand. Attorney John Katko (R) reported raising $283,000 and having $219,000 cash on hand.
TX-23: Rep. Pete Gallego (D) reported raising $606,000 in the third quarter and having $511,000 cash on hand. Former CIA agent Will Hurd (R) reported raising $420,000 and having $202,000 cash on hand.
VA-10: State Del. Barbara Comstock (R) reported raising $1.2 million in the third quarter and having $800,000 cash on hand. Fairfax County Supervisor John Foust (D) reported raising $858,000 and having $641,000 cash on hand.
WV-02: Former Maryland GOP Chairman Alex Mooney (R) reported raising $594,000 in the third quarter and having $317,000 cash on hand. Former state Democratic Party Chairman Nick Casey (D) reported raising $451,000 and having $224,000 cash on hand.
WV-03: Rep. Nick Rahall (D) reported raising $487,000 in the third quarter and having $381,000 cash on hand. State Sen. Evan Jenkins (R) reported raising $322,000 and having $461,000 cash on hand.
In his/her extraordinary piece, Anonymous went on, “… we believe … (Trump) continues to act in a manner that is detrimental to the health of our republic. That is why many Trump appointees have vowed to do what we can to preserve our democratic institutions while thwarting Trump’s more misguided impulses until he is out of office.
This is only part of it and follows closely on the heels of double Pulitzer Prize-winning author Bob Woodward’s new book, “Fear: Trump in the White House,” which is only the latest of a string of books declaiming Trump’s dysfunction.
Whether you believe the portrait of Trump and his administration to be true or not, it brings us to our topic: What exactly is the 25th Amendment, and what is it designed to do?
Owing to the Kennedy assassination and the Nixon disgrace (both occurring in many of our lifetimes), we know that if the president dies, resigns or is removed from office, the vice president takes over. What is lesser known, however, is that if the vice president dies, resigns (think Spiro Agnew) or is removed from office, the president can pick a shiny new VP, subject only to confirmation by Congress (think Vail’s own Jerry Ford, who, history will record, is the only person to serve as both vice president and president who was elected to neither office).
What’s more, if the president submits written notice that he is no longer able to carry out the duties of his office, for whatever reason (which many will argue the impaired Woodrow Wilson should have done), the VP takes over.
Here, however, is the kicker and the essence of the 25th Amendment: If the VP and a majority of the cabinet agree that the president is no longer fit to carry out the duties of his office, the VP can temporarily take over as the acting president. If the president disputes his removal from office, the Congress must decide whether the president should regain the powers of his office or whether the VP should remain in charge. This has never happened.
But with the Nixon-Agnew-Ford succession, the 25th Amendment has at least once expressed its practical application. And there are those who argue that in the perhaps not-too-distant future, Trump could breathe real life into the amendment.
Thereafter, when the president transmits to the president pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the vice president and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the president pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the president is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within 48 hours for that purpose if not in session.
If the Congress, within 21 days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within 21 days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the president is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the vice president shall continue to discharge the same as acting president; otherwise, the president shall resume the powers and duties of his office.
You will note that the Amendment employs the term “unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office.” It does not spell out either physical, mental or emotional disability. It does not say, “if the president is bonkers, such and such may happen.” But it doesn’t not say that, either. And if Trump’s mental state is such that he poses a real threat to our free institutions, he is not above the law. The 25th Amendment provides that safety valve.
To be sure, invoking the 25th Amendment would be to tread uncharted ground. But whether, it would, in Anonymous’ words, “precipitate a constitutional crisis” remains to be seen. Perhaps, considered otherwise, it would reaffirm the strength and wisdom of our constitutional democracy. For certain, however, it would be unprecedented in our history.
Michigan and South Carolina will square off in the Outback Bowl on Monday in Tampa, Fla.
Kickoff: Noon, Monday, Raymond James Stadium, Tampa, Fla.
TV/radio: ESPN2; WWJ-AM 950, WTKA-AM (1050), MGoBlue.com.
Line: Michigan by 7 1/2.
South Carolina: Out: RB Rico Dowdle. Questionable: OL Donnell Stanley.
When Michigan has the ball: It'll be Brandon Peters' opportunity to make a statement Monday in the Outback Bowl, as Michigan's redshirt freshman quarterback will start the final game of the year. For Peters, it'll be an opportunity to prove himself in advance of an anticipated battle with newcomer Shea Patterson and true freshman Dylan McCaffrey throughout the offseason. But Michigan has to keep him upright. South Carolina's defense might not be elite, but it's not a slouch either. Defensive lineman D.J. Wonnum has six sacks and 13 tackles for loss and Michigan's offensive line has struggled with pass protection basically all season. Peters has had a month to develop timing with receiver Donovan Peoples-Jones and tight ends Zach Gentry and Sean McKeon. Running backs Karan Higdon and Chris Evans are healthy. South Carolina gave up more than 227 yards per game through the air. If Michigan lets Peters take some shots, he has to connect. The Gamecocks will bring pressure, and why wouldn't they? Michigan still ranks No. 109 nationally in sacks allowed (34).
When South Carolina has the ball: Gamecocks quarterback Jake Bentley had problems with interceptions this season (11), but he otherwise put together a solid year with 2,555 yards and 16 touchdowns (62.4% completion rate). He's not a dual-threat quarterback, but he's mobile enough to find yards on a broken play, so Michigan will have to be disciplined with its rush lanes. Tight end Hayden Hurst is a standout player and can be a problem against linebackers in space, while 6-3 sophomore receiver Bryan Edwards posted more than 700 receiving yards this season. This is not an explosive offense, though. Overall, it ranks No. 108 nationally — eight spots lower than Michigan. The Wolverines' defense will be the best unit on the field Monday and it's tough to see a South Carolina squad that was held under 300 yards four times this season having immense success against Don Brown's group.
Offensive change: South Carolina fired offensive coordinator Kurt Roper during bowl prep and will allow assistant Bryan McClendon to call plays for the first time. That's a tall order, as Brown's defense once again ranks among the country's best. The Gamecocks have been stale offensively throughout the season as just 24% of all possessions have reached the red zone. When you're only averaging 12 possessions per game, that's not great.
Very similar: South Carolina's season, in some ways, mirrors what Michigan went through in 2017. The Gamecocks are 8-4, but their most impressive win came against a slightly better than average North Carolina State team in the season-opener. Michigan, meanwhile, had zero wins against teams with a winning record during the regular season. Purdue is now 7-6, so that counts as one. Both teams got to eight wins without blowing anyone away resume-wise. South Carolina beat the Florida team Michigan handled earlier this season by eight at home.
Turnover defense: South Carolina's defense had some "bend, but don't break" moments throughout the year. The Gamecocks allow nearly six plays per possession, which ranks toward the bottom of the country nationally. Still, South Carolina has kept opponents under 375 yards per game, which is admirable. This is an opportunistic group who led the SEC with 23 turnovers gained in 2017. They recovered 11 fumbles and picked off 12 passes.
Protection: For Michigan, this game seems pretty simple. If the Wolverines can keep their quarterback on his feet and avoid turnovers, they should be able to ride their defense to a victory. South Carolina has feasted on turnovers this season and its offense needs help to generate points. If Michigan takes care of the football, it should be able to manage well enough. Still, the Wolverines have yet to put together four quarters of impressive football against a decent team this season.
Let it rip: There's zero reason to be cautious with the passing game in this one. Michigan was very careful with what it allowed Peters to run in each of his three starts earlier this season, only allowing him to open things up a bit against Wisconsin before he got hurt. Michigan's had a month to work on its passing game. There's no excuse to be off-kilter at this point. Peters should have every opportunity to make something happen with his arm in this one. The run still sets up the pass in this offense, but Michigan has one final shot to see if something can click in 2017.
Neither offense has done much of anything this season. But Michigan's defense is still an elite group. This could be a slow-paced game without much firepower. And in games like that, you usually side with the group who holds the best defense. That'd be Michigan. It may not win any prizes for how great it looks, but that's pretty much been par for the course all season. Still, a win would be enough to boost Michigan's confidence into the offseason.
Skin is more than a fleshy surface for pimples, tattoos and wrinkles. Skin is the body's largest organ, and along with hair, nails, glands and nerves, is part of the integumentary system, according to Oregon State University. This system acts as a protective barrier between the outside and the inside of the body.
In adults, skin accounts for about 16 percent of total body weight and covers a surface area of approximately 22 square feet (2 square meters).
There are different thicknesses and textures of skin on different parts of the body. For example, skin is paper-thin underneath the eyes, but is thick on the soles of the feet and palms of the hand, according to the Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library.
Human skin is composed of three layers of tissue: the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
Making new skin cells. New skin cells form at the bottom of the epidermis. As these newer cells form, it takes them about one month to reach the top layer of the epidermis. The new cells will replace the old cells found on the skin surface, which are dead and continuously flake off.
Giving skin its color. The epidermis contains melanocytes, which are cells that produce melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. Melanin is also responsible for suntans and freckles.
Protecting skin. Keratin, a protein made by cells found in the epidermis, gives skin its toughness and strength, and protects skin from drying out.
The dermis is the middle layer of skin, found underneath the epidermis. It is the thickest layer of skin and contains nerves and blood vessels. It is also home to the sweat glands, oil glands and hair follicles. The dermis gives skin its flexibility and strength, according to the Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library. It is made up mostly of a protein called collagen that makes skin stretchy and strong.
Sensing pain and touch. Nerve endings in the dermis contain receptors that transmit sensations, such as pain, pressure, touch, itchiness and temperature to the brain.
Producing sweat and oils. Sweat glands help to cool the body, and sebaceous glands make the oils that keep skin soft and moist.
Growing hair. Hair follicles found in the dermis grow the hair on your head, face and body. That hair also helps to control body temperature and protect the body from injury.
Bringing blood to the skin. Blood vessels found in the dermis nourish the skin and help control body temperature. When skin becomes too hot, blood vessels enlarge to release heat from the skin's surface, while cold constricts blood vessels so they retain body heat.
Fighting infection. Lymphatic vessels, which drain fluid from the tissues and are an important part of the immune system, are housed in the dermis. They help ward off infections and other harmful substances.
The hypodermis — also called subcutaneous fat — is the deepest layer of skin. This layer is made up mostly of fatty tissue, which helps to insulate the body from heat and cold. The hypodermis also serves as an energy storage area for fat. This fat provides padding to cushion internal organs as well as muscle and bones, and protects the body from injuries, according to the Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library.
Dermatologists are physicians who specialize in treating diseases, disorders and injuries of the skin, hair and nails. They treat common conditions such as acne and warts; chronic skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis; and more serious diseases like skin cancer, according to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD).
Warts are benign (noncancerous) growths on the skin caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), according to the AAD. They often occur on the hands and soles. Sometimes, tiny black dots will be visible in a wart.
"These are blocked blood vessels, which are a common occurrence with a papilloma viral infection," said Dr. Charles E. Crutchfield, a clinical professor of dermatology at the University of Minnesota Medical School, and medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology.
The best treatment for warts is to cause a mild irritation of these skin growths — usually by freezing them, applying a chemical such as salicylic acid or using lasers — so the immune system can recognize the viral infection and get rid of it.
Moles are another type of common growth on the skin. They're most often brown or black, but some can be red or skin-colored, and they may appear flat or raised. If a mole starts changing in size, color or shape, or if it bleeds and doesn't heal on its own in three weeks, it should be evaluated to make sure it's not turning into skin cancer, Crutchfield said.
Acne, a disorder of the hair and oil glands, is among the most common skin conditions treated by dermatologists, Crutchfield told Live Science.
Acne occurs when hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells, according to the Mayo Clinic. The condition presents itself as red bumps and pimples on the face, chest and back, Crutchfield said. Treatments for acne include vitamin A products (retinols prevent plugging of hair follicles), salicylic acid (to unplug pores), benzoyl peroxides (to decrease bacteria) and antibiotics (to reduce inflammation).
Eczema looks like patches of red, itchy, bumpy skin, and the most common type is known as atopic dermatitis. The condition can occur anywhere on the skin. Sometimes, it flares up on its own, and at other times, it is caused by a specific trigger, such as a skin irritant like poison ivy, or exposure to an allergen, according to Crutchfield.
Eczema is best treated with topical anti-inflammatory creams and ointments, which can reduce itching and redness. For mild symptoms, over-the-counter medications work well, but a prescription-strength cortisone product may be needed for more severe cases.
Skin cancer is an abnormal growth of skin cells, and the most common type is basal cell carcinoma, Crutchfield said. More than 4 million cases of basal cell carcinoma are diagnosed in the United States each year, according to the Skin Cancer Foundation. This type of cancer is skin colored, pink or has a slight pearly white color to it, and usually appears on sun-exposed areas of the face, ears or neck, according to the Mayo Clinic. It rarely spreads to other parts of the body, but it can be very problematic if it's not treated, Crutchfield cautioned.
The second most common type of skin cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. It may appear as a pink or white bump, a rough, scaly patch or a sore that won't heal, according to the AAD.
The most serious skin cancer is melanoma, which looks like a dark, changing, bleeding skin spot, Crutchfield said. This cancer begins in the skin's pigment-producing cells, and although it is the rarest form of skin cancer, it causes the majority of skin cancer deaths.
National Library of Medicine: How Does Skin Work?
This article was updated on Oct. 22, 2018 by Live Science Contributor, Cari Nierenberg.
Why Do Teeth Turn Yellow?
Kim Ann Zimmermann is a contributor to Live Science. She holds a bachelor’s degree in communications from Glassboro State College.
Here are the stories making today’s back pages (19th October 2018).
Zlatan Ibrahimovic has revealed he would reject a return to Manchester United in January when the MLS is in its off season. That and more beolow.
A college which was one of 15 in the country to pilot a Government scheme to help people with disabilities get work said it has had a 90 per cent success rate, bucking a national trend.
Shipley College was picked to trial the initiative which is designed to help people with specific learning difficulties and/or disabilities. All but one of the 14 students involved have now been offered employment with local employers.
The supported Internship programme offers a package of workplace training which integrates guidance and support from expert coaches while trainees do real jobs for at least six months.
Principal Nav Chohan said: “I was delighted that Shipley College was involved in the pilot of this specialised employment-focused study programme for young people aged 16 to 24 with complex needs.
“Shipley College is a vocational college and we pride ourselves not only in helping our students to gain qualifications but also to develop the skills and confidence to progress to the career of their choice.

AZ-01: Rep. Ann Kirkpatrick (D) reported raising $625,000 from Aug. 7 to Sept. 30, finishing with $820,000 cash on hand. Former state House Speaker Andy Tobin (R) reported raising $439,000 and having $376,000 cash on hand.

AZ-02: Rep. Ron Barber (D) reported raising $669,000 from Aug. 7 to Sept. 30, finishing with $991,000. Retired Air Force fighter pilot Martha McSally (R) reported raising just over $1 million and having slightly more than $1 million cash on hand.

CA-07: Rep. Ami Bera (D) reported raising $885,000 in the third quarter and having $814,000 cash on hand. Former Rep. Doug Ose (R) reported $337,000 and having $271,000 cash on hand.

CA-17: Rep. Mike Honda (D) reported raising $414,000 in the third quarter and having $964,000 cash on hand. Former Commerce Department official Ro Khanna (D) reported raising $323,000 and having $218,000 cash on hand.

CA-21: Rep. David Valadao (R) reported raising $546,000 in the third quarter and having $1.1 million cash on hand. Former congressional aide Amanda Renteria (D) reported raising $394,000 and having $443,000 cash on hand.

CA-26: Rep. Julia Brownley (D) reported raising $730,000 in the third quarter and having $895,000 cash on hand. State Assemblyman Jeff Gorell (R) reported raising $403,000 and having $337,000 cash on hand.

CA-31: Redlands Mayor Pete Aguilar (D) reported raising $492,000 in the third quarter and having $293,000 cash on hand. Navy veteran Paul Chabot (R) reported raising $150,000 and having $151,000 cash on hand.

CA-36: Rep. Raul Ruiz (D) reported raising $640,000 in the third quarter and having $1.6 million cash on hand. State Assemblyman Brian Nestande (R) reported raising $241,000 and having $135,000 cash on hand.

CA-52: Rep. Scott Peters (D) reported raising $907,000 in the third quarter and having $808,000 cash on hand. Former San Diego City Councilman Carl DeMaio (R) reported raising $631,000 and having $781,000 cash on hand.

FL-02: Rep. Steve Southerland (R) reported raising $528,000 from Aug. 7 to Sept. 30 and having $1.1 million cash on hand. Attorney Gwen Graham (D) reported raising $599,000 and having $632,000 cash on hand.

FL-18: Rep. Patrick Murphy (D) reported raising $778,000 from Aug. 7 to Sept. 30 and having $881,000 cash on hand. Former state Rep. Carl Domino (R) reported raising $44,000 and having $84,000 cash on hand.

FL-26: Rep. Joe Garcia (D) reported raising $497,000 from Aug. 7 to Sept. 30 and having $1.1 million cash on hand. Miami-Dade County School Board member Carlos Curbelo (R) reported raising $419,000 and having $505,000 cash on hand.

GA-12: Rep. John Barrow (D) reported raising $682,000 in the third quarter and having $1.5 million cash on hand. Construction company owner Rick Allen (R) reported raising $328,000 and having $118,000 cash on hand.

IA-01: State Rep. Pat Murphy (D) reported raising $357,000 in the third quarter and having $179,000 cash on hand. Businessman Rod Blum (R) reported raising $297,000 and having $226,000 cash on hand.

IA-03: Former state Sen. Staci Appel (D) reported raising $592,000 in the third quarter and having $369,000 cash on hand. Former congressional aide David Young (R) reported raising $794,000 and having $295,000 cash on hand.

IA-04: Rep. Steve King (R) reported raising $601,000 in the third quarter and having $736,000 cash on hand. Veteran Jim Mowrer (D) reported raising $704,000 and having $242,000 cash on hand.

IL-10: Rep. Brad Schneider (D) reported raising $1.1 million in the third quarter and having $979,000 cash on hand. Former Rep. Bob Dold (R) reported raising $688,000 and having $1.4 million cash on hand.

IL-12: Rep. Bill Enyart (D) reported raising $441,000 in the third quarter and having $218,000 cash on hand. State Rep. Mike Bost (R) reported raising $348,000 and having $82,000 cash on hand.

IL-13: Rep. Rodney Davis (R) reported raising $563,000 in the third quarter and having $1.2 million cash on hand. Former judge Ann Callis (D) reported raising $401,000 and having $545,000 cash on hand.

IL-17: Rep. Cheri Bustos (D) reported raising $684,000 in the third quarter and having $988,000 cash on hand. Former Rep. Bobby Schilling (R) reported raising $348,000 in the third quarter and having $305,000 cash on hand.

LA-05: Rep. Vance McAllister (R) reported raising $19,350 from Aug. 3 to Sept. 30 and having $193,000 cash on hand. “Duck Dynasty” cousin Zach Dasher (R) reported raising $238,000 and having $162,000 cash on hand. Physician Ralph Abraham (R) reported raising $55,000 and having $234,000 cash on hand. Monroe Mayor Jamie Mayo (D) reported raising $40,000 and having $10,000 cash on hand.

MA-06: Marine Corps veteran Seth Moulton (D) reported raising $601,000 from Aug. 21 to Sept. 30 and having $371,000 cash on hand. Former state Sen. Richard Tisei (R) reported raising $333,000 and having $608,000 cash on hand.

ME-02: State Sen. Emily Cain (D) reported raising $680,000 in the third quarter and having $408,000 cash on hand. Former state treasurer Bruce Poliquin (R) reported raising $419,000 and having $702,000 cash on hand.

MN-07: Rep. Collin Peterson (D) reported raising $344,000 from July 24 to Sept. 30 and having $761,000 cash on hand. State Sen. Torrey Westrom (R) reported raising $248,000 and having $399,000 cash on hand.

MN-08: Rep. Rick Nolan (D) reported raising $558,000 from July 24 to Sept. 30 and having $525,000 cash on hand. Businessman Stewart Mills (R) reported raising $346,000 and having $254,000 cash on hand.

NE-02: Rep. Lee Terry (R) reported raising $754,000 in the third quarter and having $409,000 cash on hand. State Sen. Brad Ashford (D) reported raising $419,000 and having $127,000 cash on hand.

NH-01: Rep. Carol Shea-Porter (D) reported raising $279,000 from Aug. 21 to Sept. 30 and having $135,000 cash on hand. Former Rep. Frank Guinta (R) reported raising $351,000 and having $373,000 cash on hand.

NH-02: Rep. Ann Kuster (D) reported raising $545,000 from Aug. 21 to Sept. 30 and having $1.1 million cash on hand. Former state Rep. Marilinda Garcia (R) reported raising $392,000 and having $171,000 cash on hand.

NJ-03: Former Randolph Mayor Tom MacArthur (R) reported raising $345,000 in the third quarter and having $561,000 cash on hand. Burlington County Freeholder Aimee Belgard (D reported raising $583,000 and having $604,000 cash on hand.

NY-01: Rep. Tim Bishop (D) reported raising $700,000 in the third quarter and having $1 million cash on hand. State Sen. Lee Zeldin (R) reported raising $659,000 and having $404,000 cash on hand.

NY-11: Rep. Michael Grimm (R) reported raising $89,000 in the third quarter and having $624,000 cash on hand. Former New York City Councilman Domenic Recchia (D) reported raising $416,000 and having $987,000 cash on hand.

NY-18: Rep. Sean Patrick Maloney (D) reported raising $777,000 in the third quarter and having $1.1 million cash on hand. Former Rep. Nan Hayworth (R) reported raising $432,000 and having $835,000 cash on hand.

NY-21: Former Bush White House aide Elise Stefanik (R) reported raising $680,000 in the third quarter and having $359,000 cash on hand. Documentary filmmaker Aaron Woolf (D) reported raising $480,000 and having $372,000 cash on hand.

NY-23: Rep. Tom Reed (R) reported raising $664,000 in the third quarter and having $919,000 cash on hand. Tompkins County Legislator Martha Robertson (D) reported raising $516,000 and having $498,000 cash on hand.

NY-24: Rep. Dan Maffei (D) reported raising $464,000 in the third quarter and having $863,000 cash on hand. Attorney John Katko (R) reported raising $283,000 and having $219,000 cash on hand.

TX-23: Rep. Pete Gallego (D) reported raising $606,000 in the third quarter and having $511,000 cash on hand. Former CIA agent Will Hurd (R) reported raising $420,000 and having $202,000 cash on hand.

VA-10: State Del. Barbara Comstock (R) reported raising $1.2 million in the third quarter and having $800,000 cash on hand. Fairfax County Supervisor John Foust (D) reported raising $858,000 and having $641,000 cash on hand.

WV-02: Former Maryland GOP Chairman Alex Mooney (R) reported raising $594,000 in the third quarter and having $317,000 cash on hand. Former state Democratic Party Chairman Nick Casey (D) reported raising $451,000 and having $224,000 cash on hand.

WV-03: Rep. Nick Rahall (D) reported raising $487,000 in the third quarter and having $381,000 cash on hand. State Sen. Evan Jenkins (R) reported raising $322,000 and having $461,000 cash on hand.

In his/her extraordinary piece, Anonymous went on, “… we believe … (Trump) continues to act in a manner that is detrimental to the health of our republic. That is why many Trump appointees have vowed to do what we can to preserve our democratic institutions while thwarting Trump’s more misguided impulses until he is out of office.

This is only part of it and follows closely on the heels of double Pulitzer Prize-winning author Bob Woodward’s new book, “Fear: Trump in the White House,” which is only the latest of a string of books declaiming Trump’s dysfunction.

Whether you believe the portrait of Trump and his administration to be true or not, it brings us to our topic: What exactly is the 25th Amendment, and what is it designed to do?

Owing to the Kennedy assassination and the Nixon disgrace (both occurring in many of our lifetimes), we know that if the president dies, resigns or is removed from office, the vice president takes over. What is lesser known, however, is that if the vice president dies, resigns (think Spiro Agnew) or is removed from office, the president can pick a shiny new VP, subject only to confirmation by Congress (think Vail’s own Jerry Ford, who, history will record, is the only person to serve as both vice president and president who was elected to neither office).

What’s more, if the president submits written notice that he is no longer able to carry out the duties of his office, for whatever reason (which many will argue the impaired Woodrow Wilson should have done), the VP takes over.

Here, however, is the kicker and the essence of the 25th Amendment: If the VP and a majority of the cabinet agree that the president is no longer fit to carry out the duties of his office, the VP can temporarily take over as the acting president. If the president disputes his removal from office, the Congress must decide whether the president should regain the powers of his office or whether the VP should remain in charge. This has never happened.

But with the Nixon-Agnew-Ford succession, the 25th Amendment has at least once expressed its practical application. And there are those who argue that in the perhaps not-too-distant future, Trump could breathe real life into the amendment.

Thereafter, when the president transmits to the president pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the vice president and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the president pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the president is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within 48 hours for that purpose if not in session.

If the Congress, within 21 days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within 21 days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the president is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the vice president shall continue to discharge the same as acting president; otherwise, the president shall resume the powers and duties of his office.

You will note that the Amendment employs the term “unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office.” It does not spell out either physical, mental or emotional disability. It does not say, “if the president is bonkers, such and such may happen.” But it doesn’t not say that, either. And if Trump’s mental state is such that he poses a real threat to our free institutions, he is not above the law. The 25th Amendment provides that safety valve.

To be sure, invoking the 25th Amendment would be to tread uncharted ground. But whether, it would, in Anonymous’ words, “precipitate a constitutional crisis” remains to be seen. Perhaps, considered otherwise, it would reaffirm the strength and wisdom of our constitutional democracy. For certain, however, it would be unprecedented in our history.

Michigan and South Carolina will square off in the Outback Bowl on Monday in Tampa, Fla.

Kickoff: Noon, Monday, Raymond James Stadium, Tampa, Fla.

TV/radio: ESPN2; WWJ-AM 950, WTKA-AM (1050), MGoBlue.com.

Line: Michigan by 7 1/2.

South Carolina: Out: RB Rico Dowdle. Questionable: OL Donnell Stanley.

When Michigan has the ball: It'll be Brandon Peters' opportunity to make a statement Monday in the Outback Bowl, as Michigan's redshirt freshman quarterback will start the final game of the year. For Peters, it'll be an opportunity to prove himself in advance of an anticipated battle with newcomer Shea Patterson and true freshman Dylan McCaffrey throughout the offseason. But Michigan has to keep him upright. South Carolina's defense might not be elite, but it's not a slouch either. Defensive lineman D.J. Wonnum has six sacks and 13 tackles for loss and Michigan's offensive line has struggled with pass protection basically all season. Peters has had a month to develop timing with receiver Donovan Peoples-Jones and tight ends Zach Gentry and Sean McKeon. Running backs Karan Higdon and Chris Evans are healthy. South Carolina gave up more than 227 yards per game through the air. If Michigan lets Peters take some shots, he has to connect. The Gamecocks will bring pressure, and why wouldn't they? Michigan still ranks No. 109 nationally in sacks allowed (34).

When South Carolina has the ball: Gamecocks quarterback Jake Bentley had problems with interceptions this season (11), but he otherwise put together a solid year with 2,555 yards and 16 touchdowns (62.4% completion rate). He's not a dual-threat quarterback, but he's mobile enough to find yards on a broken play, so Michigan will have to be disciplined with its rush lanes. Tight end Hayden Hurst is a standout player and can be a problem against linebackers in space, while 6-3 sophomore receiver Bryan Edwards posted more than 700 receiving yards this season. This is not an explosive offense, though. Overall, it ranks No. 108 nationally — eight spots lower than Michigan. The Wolverines' defense will be the best unit on the field Monday and it's tough to see a South Carolina squad that was held under 300 yards four times this season having immense success against Don Brown's group.

Offensive change: South Carolina fired offensive coordinator Kurt Roper during bowl prep and will allow assistant Bryan McClendon to call plays for the first time. That's a tall order, as Brown's defense once again ranks among the country's best. The Gamecocks have been stale offensively throughout the season as just 24% of all possessions have reached the red zone. When you're only averaging 12 possessions per game, that's not great.

Very similar: South Carolina's season, in some ways, mirrors what Michigan went through in 2017. The Gamecocks are 8-4, but their most impressive win came against a slightly better than average North Carolina State team in the season-opener. Michigan, meanwhile, had zero wins against teams with a winning record during the regular season. Purdue is now 7-6, so that counts as one. Both teams got to eight wins without blowing anyone away resume-wise. South Carolina beat the Florida team Michigan handled earlier this season by eight at home.

Turnover defense: South Carolina's defense had some "bend, but don't break" moments throughout the year. The Gamecocks allow nearly six plays per possession, which ranks toward the bottom of the country nationally. Still, South Carolina has kept opponents under 375 yards per game, which is admirable. This is an opportunistic group who led the SEC with 23 turnovers gained in 2017. They recovered 11 fumbles and picked off 12 passes.

Protection: For Michigan, this game seems pretty simple. If the Wolverines can keep their quarterback on his feet and avoid turnovers, they should be able to ride their defense to a victory. South Carolina has feasted on turnovers this season and its offense needs help to generate points. If Michigan takes care of the football, it should be able to manage well enough. Still, the Wolverines have yet to put together four quarters of impressive football against a decent team this season.

Let it rip: There's zero reason to be cautious with the passing game in this one. Michigan was very careful with what it allowed Peters to run in each of his three starts earlier this season, only allowing him to open things up a bit against Wisconsin before he got hurt. Michigan's had a month to work on its passing game. There's no excuse to be off-kilter at this point. Peters should have every opportunity to make something happen with his arm in this one. The run still sets up the pass in this offense, but Michigan has one final shot to see if something can click in 2017.

Neither offense has done much of anything this season. But Michigan's defense is still an elite group. This could be a slow-paced game without much firepower. And in games like that, you usually side with the group who holds the best defense. That'd be Michigan. It may not win any prizes for how great it looks, but that's pretty much been par for the course all season. Still, a win would be enough to boost Michigan's confidence into the offseason.

Skin is more than a fleshy surface for pimples, tattoos and wrinkles. Skin is the body's largest organ, and along with hair, nails, glands and nerves, is part of the integumentary system, according to Oregon State University. This system acts as a protective barrier between the outside and the inside of the body.

In adults, skin accounts for about 16 percent of total body weight and covers a surface area of approximately 22 square feet (2 square meters).

There are different thicknesses and textures of skin on different parts of the body. For example, skin is paper-thin underneath the eyes, but is thick on the soles of the feet and palms of the hand, according to the Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library.

Human skin is composed of three layers of tissue: the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis, according to the Cleveland Clinic.

Making new skin cells. New skin cells form at the bottom of the epidermis. As these newer cells form, it takes them about one month to reach the top layer of the epidermis. The new cells will replace the old cells found on the skin surface, which are dead and continuously flake off.

Giving skin its color. The epidermis contains melanocytes, which are cells that produce melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. Melanin is also responsible for suntans and freckles.

Protecting skin. Keratin, a protein made by cells found in the epidermis, gives skin its toughness and strength, and protects skin from drying out.

The dermis is the middle layer of skin, found underneath the epidermis. It is the thickest layer of skin and contains nerves and blood vessels. It is also home to the sweat glands, oil glands and hair follicles. The dermis gives skin its flexibility and strength, according to the Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library. It is made up mostly of a protein called collagen that makes skin stretchy and strong.

Sensing pain and touch. Nerve endings in the dermis contain receptors that transmit sensations, such as pain, pressure, touch, itchiness and temperature to the brain.

Producing sweat and oils. Sweat glands help to cool the body, and sebaceous glands make the oils that keep skin soft and moist.

Growing hair. Hair follicles found in the dermis grow the hair on your head, face and body. That hair also helps to control body temperature and protect the body from injury.

Bringing blood to the skin. Blood vessels found in the dermis nourish the skin and help control body temperature. When skin becomes too hot, blood vessels enlarge to release heat from the skin's surface, while cold constricts blood vessels so they retain body heat.

Fighting infection. Lymphatic vessels, which drain fluid from the tissues and are an important part of the immune system, are housed in the dermis. They help ward off infections and other harmful substances.

The hypodermis — also called subcutaneous fat — is the deepest layer of skin. This layer is made up mostly of fatty tissue, which helps to insulate the body from heat and cold. The hypodermis also serves as an energy storage area for fat. This fat provides padding to cushion internal organs as well as muscle and bones, and protects the body from injuries, according to the Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library.

Dermatologists are physicians who specialize in treating diseases, disorders and injuries of the skin, hair and nails. They treat common conditions such as acne and warts; chronic skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis; and more serious diseases like skin cancer, according to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD).

Warts are benign (noncancerous) growths on the skin caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), according to the AAD. They often occur on the hands and soles. Sometimes, tiny black dots will be visible in a wart.

"These are blocked blood vessels, which are a common occurrence with a papilloma viral infection," said Dr. Charles E. Crutchfield, a clinical professor of dermatology at the University of Minnesota Medical School, and medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology.

The best treatment for warts is to cause a mild irritation of these skin growths — usually by freezing them, applying a chemical such as salicylic acid or using lasers — so the immune system can recognize the viral infection and get rid of it.

Moles are another type of common growth on the skin. They're most often brown or black, but some can be red or skin-colored, and they may appear flat or raised. If a mole starts changing in size, color or shape, or if it bleeds and doesn't heal on its own in three weeks, it should be evaluated to make sure it's not turning into skin cancer, Crutchfield said.

Acne, a disorder of the hair and oil glands, is among the most common skin conditions treated by dermatologists, Crutchfield told Live Science.

Acne occurs when hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells, according to the Mayo Clinic. The condition presents itself as red bumps and pimples on the face, chest and back, Crutchfield said. Treatments for acne include vitamin A products (retinols prevent plugging of hair follicles), salicylic acid (to unplug pores), benzoyl peroxides (to decrease bacteria) and antibiotics (to reduce inflammation).

Eczema looks like patches of red, itchy, bumpy skin, and the most common type is known as atopic dermatitis. The condition can occur anywhere on the skin. Sometimes, it flares up on its own, and at other times, it is caused by a specific trigger, such as a skin irritant like poison ivy, or exposure to an allergen, according to Crutchfield.

Eczema is best treated with topical anti-inflammatory creams and ointments, which can reduce itching and redness. For mild symptoms, over-the-counter medications work well, but a prescription-strength cortisone product may be needed for more severe cases.

Skin cancer is an abnormal growth of skin cells, and the most common type is basal cell carcinoma, Crutchfield said. More than 4 million cases of basal cell carcinoma are diagnosed in the United States each year, according to the Skin Cancer Foundation. This type of cancer is skin colored, pink or has a slight pearly white color to it, and usually appears on sun-exposed areas of the face, ears or neck, according to the Mayo Clinic. It rarely spreads to other parts of the body, but it can be very problematic if it's not treated, Crutchfield cautioned.

The second most common type of skin cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. It may appear as a pink or white bump, a rough, scaly patch or a sore that won't heal, according to the AAD.

The most serious skin cancer is melanoma, which looks like a dark, changing, bleeding skin spot, Crutchfield said. This cancer begins in the skin's pigment-producing cells, and although it is the rarest form of skin cancer, it causes the majority of skin cancer deaths.

National Library of Medicine: How Does Skin Work?

This article was updated on Oct. 22, 2018 by Live Science Contributor, Cari Nierenberg.

Why Do Teeth Turn Yellow?

Kim Ann Zimmermann is a contributor to Live Science. She holds a bachelor’s degree in communications from Glassboro State College.

Here are the stories making today’s back pages (19th October 2018).

Zlatan Ibrahimovic has revealed he would reject a return to Manchester United in January when the MLS is in its off season. That and more beolow.

A college which was one of 15 in the country to pilot a Government scheme to help people with disabilities get work said it has had a 90 per cent success rate, bucking a national trend.

Shipley College was picked to trial the initiative which is designed to help people with specific learning difficulties and/or disabilities. All but one of the 14 students involved have now been offered employment with local employers.

The supported Internship programme offers a package of workplace training which integrates guidance and support from expert coaches while trainees do real jobs for at least six months.

Principal Nav Chohan said: “I was delighted that Shipley College was involved in the pilot of this specialised employment-focused study programme for young people aged 16 to 24 with complex needs.

“Shipley College is a vocational college and we pride ourselves not only in helping our students to gain qualifications but also to develop the skills and confidence to progress to the career of their choice.