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President Barack Obama issued the third veto of his presidency Feb. 24 to reject legislation that would allow the Keystone XL pipeline to be built, escalating a battle over the project between the White House and Republicans in Congress.
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Most people are intrigued by the unusual, and fishermen are no exception. There is something special about cobia, Rachycentron canadum, also known as ling or lemon-fish, that gets an angler�s heart pounding.
Though quite common in the northern Gulf from late spring through early fall, this unusual fish is always viewed as a reward from the sea when landed.
Another reason for excitement is that it is excellent table fare. The flesh of the cobia is white, flaky and mild flavored, making it a desirable ingredient in many fish recipes.
Cobia are not only an unusual-looking fish, but are also the only living species in their family, and they have no close relatives.
Found almost worldwide in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate waters, they are open-water fish, but tend to locate around pilings, buoys or drifting objects. They are often found around floating objects and may rise and position themselves under boats or make inquisitive cruises around boats. Cobia also appear to be attracted to noise.
They range from saline bays inshore to offshore waters 4,000 feet deep. They are found over mud, sand and gravel bottoms, over coral reefs and in mangrove sloughs.
In the Gulf of Mexico, cobia winter in the Florida Keys and move north and west along the Gulf coast to Louisiana and Texas in the spring.
The cobia fishery reflects these migratory habits. In south Florida, cobia are fished mostly in the winter. Off of the Louisiana coast, the fishery takes place in spring and summer. Some research indicates that cobia also move offshore to deeper waters during cooler months.
Cobia grow rapidly, reaching 7 inches in a matter of months, and 13 to 15 inches by one year old. Cobia are known to live at least 10 years and may reach 15 years of age.
The world record for rod-and-reel-caught cobia is a 135-pounder from Australia, although 150-pound fish have been reported.
Cobia can be aggressive feeders, often taken by anglers using methods from trolling to bottom fishing. However, they can be extremely tight-lipped, with many anglers sharing stories of frustration when cobia are seen and offered bait only to swim away in disinterest.
A food habits study done in the lower Chesapeake Bay area found 28 different species of animals in the 78 cobia stomachs examined. But swimming crabs were by far the number one item in volume and number, making up 78 percent of cobia diet.
London — The Australian dollar nosedived after its central bank opened the door to a possible rate cut, in a remarkable shift from its long-standing tightening bias — a further indication of global economic slowdown.
The policy shift caught some investors off-guard as only just the previous day the Reserve Bank of Australia had steered clear of an easing signal when holding its official cash rate at a record low 1.50% for the 30th straight month.
The Australian dollar plunged 1.5% overnight and was set for its biggest daily drop in a year.
Elias Haddad, rates and forex strategist, at Commonwealth Bank of Australia said that while there was a risk the Australian dollar could test $0.70, a more pronounced downward move was unlikely.
"As a bank we have pushed out our call for a 25 basis-points rate hike by one year to November 2020 from November 2019," he said.
Last week, the US Federal Reserve all but abandoned plans for further rate hikes, citing slowing global growth as a risk to the world's top economy. The European Central Bank has also sounded less certain that it would start tightening later in 2019.
Donald Trump's combative state of the union address added to the gloom on markets as the US president unveiled no new infrastructure initiatives and instead raised the prospect of another shutdown should financing not be forthcoming for the wall on the US-Mexico border he wants to build.
As such the dollar settled near a two-week high.
In the annual speech outlining his priorities for the coming year, Trump said illegal immigration was a national crisis and reiterated his vow to build the border wall.
Futures trading indicated a weaker open to the US stock markets, with the S&P down 0.16% and Nasdaq down 0.07%.
The MSCI world equity index, which tracks shares in 47 countries, was last down 0.07% at about 9am GMT.
European stocks markets opened slightly in negative territory as a new batch of earnings failed to lift spirits after Trump's address touched on trade and budget issues but provided investors with few insights.
Banks were the biggest drag on the Stoxx 600, with shares BNP Paribas down 1.6%t after France's largest-listed lender lowered its profit and revenue growth targets for 2020 after a tough fourth quarter.
Germany's DAX opened 0.2% lower, France's CAC 40 was down 0.4% and Spain's IBEX fell 0.1%. The eurozone blue chip index fell 0.3%.
Further weak data from Europe prompted demand for core eurozone bond yields as investors pushed back expectations that the European Central Bank will hold back from rate hikes.
German industrial orders fell unexpectedly on weak foreign demand in December, data showed on Wednesday, a further sign that companies in Europe's largest economy are struggling with a slowing world economy and trade disputes.
Investors will also be looking to the European Commission's winter macroeconomic forecasts, due to be published on Wednesday or Thursday. Large downward revisions to growth and inflation are likely, according to analysts at Societe Generale.
"The EC forecast will give a pretty good guideline of how much the ECB will revise their own economic forecasts," said CBA's Haddad.
German 10-year government bond yields, the benchmark for the region opened one basis point lower on Wednesday at 0.16%, well off the 0.21% highs hit on Tuesday .
Italian debt was in focus with the treasury planning to sell a 30-year bond via a syndicate of banks. Italian 30-year government bond yields jumped to three-week highs at 3.678% as investors sold bonds to make way for the new issue.
Sterling, meanwhile, was a shade lower at $1.2930 after losing nearly 0.7% on Tuesday on weak purchasing managers index data for Britain and uncertainty about Brexit talks.
UK Prime Minister Theresa May will travel to Brussels on Thursday to tell EU leaders they must accept legally binding changes to the Irish border arrangements of Britain's divorce deal or face a disorderly no-deal Brexit.
JERUSALEM — Israel’s settler population in the West Bank increased by 2 percent in the first half of the year, an advocacy group announced Tuesday, signaling robust growth in the settlements even while Israel was conducting peace talks with the Palestinians.
The new figures drew criticism from the Palestinians, who seek the West Bank as part of a future state. The Palestinians and most of the international community consider Israeli construction there to be illegal or illegitimate.
Gaza militants meanwhile fired a mortar round at southern Israel for the first time since a 50-day war between Israel and Hamas ended with a cease-fire last month. The attack did not wound anyone or cause any damage, the military said. It was not immediately clear whether Israel would respond.
A Hamas security official said the group was not behind the attack. He spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to discuss the matter with the media.
The Gaza war — the third in just over five years — left more than 2,100 Palestinians dead, the majority of them civilians, according to Palestinian and UN officials. On the Israeli side, 66 soldiers and six civilians were killed.
The Yesha Council, the official umbrella group representing the more than 100 Jewish settlements in the West Bank, said the settler population grew to 382,031 as of June 30, up 2 percent from 374,469 on Dec. 31. The projected 4 percent annual growth rate would be more than double Israel’s nationwide growth rate, according to official figures.
‘‘It is clear that it is a thriving community that is here to stay,’’ said Dani Dayan, the chief foreign envoy of the Yesha Council.
Dayan said the increase was driven by a combination of natural population growth as well as an influx of Israelis drawn to the West Bank for ideological, lifestyle, or economic reasons. Many settlers are Orthodox Jews, who tend to have larger families. Housing in the settlements is generally cheaper than inside Israel, where even a modest apartment in major urban areas can cost more than $500,000, making the settlements an attractive destination for younger families.
Dayan said the growth ‘‘was across the board,’’ including ultra-Orthodox communities, more mainstream settlements that function as suburbs of Jerusalem or Tel Aviv, and isolated, ideologically driven settlements deep in the West Bank.
The four largest settlements, for instance, posted growth of 1.9 percent during the six-month period, while the ‘‘Shomron’’ region in the northern West Bank, home to some smaller, more isolated communities, grew by 3.8 percent, according to the figures. Yesha said the numbers came from Israel’s Interior Ministry, which maintains population records. A ministry spokeswoman had no immediate comment.
Settlement construction remained a source of tension in the latest round of US-mediated peace talks, which broke down in April after nine months with no sign of progress.
Israel refused Palestinian demands to stop settlement construction — prompting Palestinian accusations that Israel wasn’t serious about peace. Secretary of State John F. Kerry also complained that the construction raised questions about Israel’s commitment to peace.
‘‘These numbers released by the settlers council are an indication of Israel’s policy of lawlessness, policy of colonization and land theft, policy of destroying the two-state solution and the chances of peace,’’ said Hanan Ashrawi, a senior Palestinian official.
The umbrella group representing settlements said the population grew to 382,031 as of June 30, up from 374,469 on Dec. 31.
Israel captured the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip in the 1967 Mideast war. The Palestinians seek all three areas for their state. After two decades of failed on-again, off-again negotiations, the Palestinians now plan on asking the UN Security Council this month to recognize a Palestinian state in these areas, and to give Israel a deadline to withdraw.
‘‘The world has seen enough and it needs to move now. We are going to the UN Security Council soon requesting the end of the Israeli occupation on the state of Palestine along the 1967 borders,’’ said Hanna Amereh, another Palestinian official.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel says his country must retain parts of the West Bank and will never withdraw from East Jerusalem — home to key Jewish, Muslim, and Christian holy sites. Israel has annexed East Jerusalem, and some 200,000 Israelis live there, even though the annexation is not internationally recognized. Israel withdrew from the Gaza Strip in 2005, though it maintains control over the area’s airspace, seacoast, and much of its land borders.
Yariv Oppenheimer, director of the anti-settlement group Peace Now, said the rapid growth rate proves that settlements are not just experiencing natural growth, but that Israel is ‘‘exporting new settlers from Israel.’’ But he said that most settlers continue to live in blocs that are expected to remain under Israeli control under any future peace deal.
‘‘Although it’s becoming more difficult and more complicated to separate for a two-state solution, we are not in a point of no return,’’ he said.
WASHINGTON - The U.S. economy expanded at a slightly faster pace in the spring than previously reported, aided by new-found strength in business construction.
The Commerce Department says the gross domestic product, the broadest measure of the economy, expanded at an annual pace of 1.4 percent in the April-June quarter. That is up from a previous estimate of 1.1 percent growth. Much of the upward revision reflected an increase in spending on structures such as office buildings.
The modest second quarter gain followed weaker readings of 0.8 percent GDP growth in the first quarter and 0.9 percent in the final three months of last year. Economists, however, believe the economy has accelerated in the current quarter, helped by strong consumer spending.
The passage of the Maternity Benefits (Amendment Bill) in the Lok Sabha sparked a lot of reaction from people across sections. The most talked about provision of this Act is the raising of the period of paid maternity leave from 12 weeks to 26 weeks, placing India among the countries with the highest maternity benefits in the world. The Maternity Benefit Act protects the employment of women during the time of her maternity and entitles her of full paid absence from work.
It is estimated that around 1.8 million women who work in the organised sector will benefit from this amendment.Maternity leave allows the mother to recuperate, bond with her child, provide the requisite care to him and breastfeed him for the recommended six months.
“Maternity leave is very important for the health of the new-born baby because it enables the working woman to exclusively breast-feed her child for six months after birth, which is also recommended by the World Health Organization.
This period also enables the working mother to recuperate herself before she returns to work as well as bond with the child,” says Maneka Gandhi, Union minister for Women and Child development.
The amendment to the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 will be applicable to all establishments employing 10 or more persons.
The number of Maternity leave is increased from 12 to 26 weeks for the birth of first two children. Third child onwards the leave period will be 12 weeks.
However, the benefit will not be provided before eight weeks from the date of expected delivery. Earlier it was six weeks before delivery.
In case of adoption of a child below the age of three months, the mother will be entitled to maternity benefit for a period of twelve weeks, starting from the day of adoption.
In case of surrogacy, 12 weeks maternity benefit shall be provided to the commissioning mother, the couple wishing to have the child are called commissioning parents.
In case the nature of the work allows the mother to work from home, the employer may allow her to do so after availing the maternity benefit for such period.
Every establishment with 50 or more employees is required to provide crèche facilities within a prescribed distance. The mother should be allowed four visits per day including her interval for rests.
Women at large have hailed the amendments as these provisions will definitely aid new mothers and make things easier for them. “This is a welcome step, when I had my son I was given six months maternity leave with 50 per cent salary as this was the company policy. I took three months leave before the birth of my son and three months after. Now expecting mothers can take six months to be with their child that too with 100 per cent salary which is so much better,” says Mandakini who now works as a teacher.
Even though the well-being of the mother and child is at the heart of the Act, many concerns have been raised about its shortcomings. For starters the Act covers only the organised sector which leaves out the majority of women workforce (90 per cent) who are employed in unorganised sectors. “It would have been good if the Act said something about women like me who do not work in big offices, we also face many problems when we have a newborn child” said Reena who works as a domestic help.
The Bill extends the increased benefit to the first two children only, it may have a negative impact on the growth and development on the third child and biologically speaking a mother needs more care and more time to recover when she has a third child. Moreover, the Bill does not talk about a paternity leave thereby completely sidelining the role of a father in the holistic growth and development of a child.
Concerns have also been raised about the negative impact such generous benefits would have on the job opportunities for women, organisations might shy away from extending high level jobs to women until they bring exceptional competence to the table.
Indeed maternity leave is very important for a new mother and the child. It allows the recommended six month breastfeeding, helps the mother to deal with maternity blues and postpartum depression, allows the mother and child to bond and enables the woman to go back to her career without having to worry about if she will have a job or not once she goes back. Even so the new Maternity Benefits Bill has garnered more criticism than praise. Is India as a developing economy ready to grant maternity benefits in parity with the developed economies of the world?
In developed countries, the burden of the maternity leave is either borne by the government or shared by the employer and the employee, for example in Germany 65 per cent wages are paid and in Switzerland 80 per cent wages are paid for the duration of the maternity leave. On the other hand, the employer in India is expected to bear the full burden of the maternity leave. As such this Bill might do more harm than good.
“It is a big commitment to let an employee take a break for 6 months. The productivity of the employee is greatly lowered after such a gap. Moreover, when an employee leaves for six months, the authorities and responsibilities have to be delegated to various people and if there are multiple employees who want to avail this benefit then the whole system goes haywire, companies might have a big problem with it” says Rakesh(name changed) who is a businessman.
In addition to this direct cost there is an indirect cost too, the work burden of the absent woman employee will have to be borne by other employees. This includes more money being paid to the employees who are working extra as well as working extra hours to make up for the women on leave. The organisation has to consider many direct and hidden costs if it has several women employees who might avail the maternity benefits. The already prevailing mindset is such that women are not promoted to high level posts as it is assumed that she might prioritize her filial role over her professional role, in such an environment where the acceptance of women on high profile posts is still evolving the extended maternity benefits may be more of a hurdle than an advantage. “Since the employer has to pay the salary during the leave period, the amendment might turn out to be counterproductive. An innovative thing to do would be to bring in paternity benefits,” said Sushmita Dev, member of Indian National Congress.
The irony is that whereas on one hand organisations will be less willing to take on women employees, on the other hand more women will be willing to join the workforce because of the added benefits, this will certainly lead to a demand and supply imbalance and wages for women might even fall. Furthermore, in India 50 per cent women quit their job between junior and middle level posts before reaching higher positions , a totality of 29 per cent in Asia, this means that numerous women avail their maternity benefits and yet do not resume their jobs. In such a situation paying 100 per cent salary for 26 weeks only to learn that the woman won’t be resuming her job can prove catastrophic to small and new organisations.
Yes, provisions like the facility of crèche near the workplace might help new mothers to stay in their jobs while not being tensed about her newborn yet this might be seen as an added burden on the organisation, in addition the nursing breaks or visit breaks to the child will certainly effect the productivity of women.
Of course women might aggressively pursue their careers in spite motherhood, and if there are benefits at the workplace they will resume their jobs with full fervour but the added benefits of this Bill might still be a consideration when organisations employee women.
One main reason for this is that that the Bill talks only about maternity leave as if child care is the exclusive responsibility of a woman, it is yet another failed opportunity to bring gender equity to workplace. Had the provisions of the Bill provided for a paternity leave or a leave which could be split between both parents then child care would have been the responsibility of both parents and both would have to make same sacrifices for their child. The shared responsibility would have made organisations see both men and women equally in terms of what they invest in their employee when they decide to have a child.
It is quite possible that this popular Act which appears to be a right move in the interest of women may backfire for them.
Make the bed, wake everyone up and make tea, is raising a child only a mother’s duty? In India, there is a growing alienation between the people who make the policies and the people for whom the policy is made. To add to alienation, another crisis that looms is the lack of communication between the former and the latter. It takes years and years to form one policy and till the time it is implemented, times have changed to an extent demanding improvements in the original.
People are hailing the government’s move to extend the maternity leave period. However, questions have also been raised as to why no thought is being given to the paternity leave. Right now only 15 days are given to a government employee as per paternity leave. A child requires the care, attention and time of both the parents in order to establish a deep, intimate relationship with them. The mother is generally seen as the primary caregiver of a child. A primary caregiver is defined as the one ‘who assumes the most responsibility in caring for the health and well-being of the child’ and in this era of changing workplace scenarios, ideals of parenthood and an equal commitment to the children, men are also taking up the role of primary caregivers.
The United States is one country that has no federally mandated policy regarding Maternity Benefit. Most of the United States, excluding two states, received a failing grade in providing women and new mothers support entering motherhood, according to a report by the International Labour Organization (ILO).
In the United States, an unpaid maternity leave of 12 weeks is availed by mothers of new-born and newly adopted child under the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA). However, the establishment should have 50 or more employees, the mother must have worked for 12 months and have procured at least 1,250 working hours over those 12 months.
In order to make the maternity benefit better many states have expanded these federal regulations and provided more maternity leave benefits.
The District of Columbia, for example, has lowered the eligibility lowering the required number of employees to 10 employees. California, New Jersey, and Rhode Island, for instance, have programs that require private-sector employers to pay their employees during maternity leave at partial replacement rates.
The length of Maternity leave extends upto 52 weeks in Canada during which 55 percent of the original wage is paid at 17 weeks. The additional 35 weeks can be taken by either parent. Wages differ in different provinces. In Norway 36 to 46-week maternity leave is provided. Full salary is offered for the short duration and 80 per cent for the longer period.
Maneka Gandhi in 2016 gave a statement that paternity leave would be just a holiday for men. “Paternity leave can be considered only if, once the woman goes back to work after her 26 weeks of leave, we find that men are availing their sick leave for a month to take care of the child. Let me see how many men do that. I will be happy to give it but for a man, it will be just a holiday, he won’t do anything. If men gave me one iota of hope by taking sick leave for child care, then yes, we can think of mooting a proposal for paternity leave,” she said. While the statement might be true for a section of men, it can’t be applicable to all men in general. It doesn’t reflect the divide that exists in the universal notion of fatherhood. This division is a result of the traditional stereotypical role that has been assigned to each gender.
Singh is not the only one to advocate for raising the period of paternity leaves. There are several other fathers who demand the same.
Sarvesh Kapoor (name changed) who works in a private healthcare company has a child of 11 months. He had been assigned five days for paternity leave. He combined his five privilege leaves and in turn got 10 days to be with his child. “In a normal delivery, a mother gets discharged after 24 hours and it takes 48 hours if the child has been born out of a cesarean operation, Thus by the time the child is discharged, little time remains.” As he works in Delhi and his family lives in Chandigarh, he has resorted to using social media tools to be in touch with his child.
While the Indian government still has to cross various hurdles in raising the period of paternity leaves, several private companies have already implemented it. IKEA, a multinational furniture company, even before it has come to India has announced six months’ leave for both men and women. Netflix gives unlimited paternity leaves to its employees. HarperCollins India has gone one step ahead and granted ‘pawternity’ leaves for employees adopting pets. Joining the likes of Sweden and Germany where parental leave can be shared between parents and of Norway where a 10 week paternity leave is provided, India should do its bit for the fathers too.
In spite of all the apprehensions the Maternity Benefits Amendment Bill has become an Act. The provisions of the Bill are quite generous and have been widely welcomed. Indeed there are a few areas where much thought is required but overall it is well begun and hopefully it will not be half done.
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