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The plan was to apply the polyacrylic ... sew on snaps and adornments ... but had to dilemna first.
I was checking over the bag this morning when I realized I had a little paint transfer on the inside top edge that I didn't like. So decided to paint it ... Turned the purse inside out and took outside to the paint box. Spray painted a light blue and hung up to dry.
At dinner, bantered it about with Beau, Alex and Mary. Beau suggested I sand it ... Alex & Mary couldn't even drum up interested.
Later, I got to thinking about how we clean my hands of spray paint with WD-40. Took it out to the garage and sprayed. Firmly wiped down the spray painted interior and ... gosh ... the tacky paint came off, leaving just a very light blue color behind. Took back in the house, layed out on the counter and cleaned thoroughly with dish soap and a scrub brush to ensure residue & smell went away. Then tossed in the dryer. Well, learned that the bags will wash and wear very nicely.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-20T07:25:49",
"url": "http://ct-studios.blogspot.com/2008/09/tote-4.html",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Digital commerce company Matrixx Software has announced results of a survey of mobile users across the US and UK. The survey of over 3,000 mobile users found that customers prefer the experience of digital-first companies, with 73 per cent saying they wish their mobile service provider operated more like Amazon. Other “digital first” companies PayPal, Netflix and eBay also ranked highly in terms of digital experience, with respondents highlighting ease of use, clear pricing structure, real-time access to services and the ability to personalise.
Matrixx focused on retail-driven apps for this survey, which is why social media firms like Facebook and the already heavily mobile-focused Apple and Google were not included. The company told TelecomTV that as telcos are often told they need to operate more like digital companies such as Amazon and Netflix, the purpose of this survey was to better understand why customers prefer these apps and what features specifically they consider of most value.
Matrixx said its survey revealed compelling reasons for telcos to leverage mobile user experience as a way of boosting their bottom line and increasing customer acquisition. It cited the evidence from the survey that nearly 40 per cent of UK mobile users said they would increase spending with their carrier if it operated more like a leading digital brand, while 52 per cent of all respondents would recommend their carrier to friends and family.
The company also revealed that 75 per cent of its survey respondents chose transparency in pricing as a feature they most want their mobile provider to adopt from their favourite app. Another 63 per cent preferred ease of use, while 51 per cent cited greater personalisation and 49 per cent wanted instant access to services.
Finally, 64 per cent of mobile users surveyed claimed they would switch their carrier if offered a greater customer experience, regardless of who offers it.
This still remains a very cost-focused business. The survey are revealed that cost was the number one choice (out of six options) for selecting a service provider, with 85 per cent of respondents ranking it as important or very important. That doesn’t bode well for all those operators who believe they will recoup their 5G investments through increased revenues.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-18T12:32:10",
"url": "https://www.telecomtv.com/content/mobile/mobile-service-providers-fail-to-meet-the-digital-first-user-experience-16114/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
A fabulous period French ironmongers sign, in exceptional condition.
We were so excited to find this perfect hardware store sign! If you're after a vintage talking point, this is an excellent example. We think it must have been displayed inside the shop, as it's in such pristine condition, its royal blue as vivid as when it left the signmakers back in 1931.
It describes all the store's wares, including tools, heating, porcelain, fancy gifts, building articles, glassworks, earthenware, and much more - it sounds like it would have been an essential place to shop! A wonderful piece of social history which would add character to any room or garden.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-22T11:08:32",
"url": "https://www.violetgrey.co.uk/sold-items/hardware-store-sign",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
A priest who had been facing abuse allegations is back saying Mass nearly three and half years after prosecutors said he had no case to answer.
Fr John McManus celebrated Mass along with Bishop Noel Treanor in Portaferry, Co Down last night and this morning (Sunday Dec 20) in Ballygalget.
The move came after he stepped aside in 2011 after allegations were made against him. However in June 2012, the Public Prosecution Service said there was no case to answer.
Fr McManus, from Portaferry, had always denied any wrong-doing but stepped aside during the investigation.
In a statement issued this morning by the Diocese of Down and Connor, the priest, who used to act a spokesman for the diocese said he is “delighted” to be back.
He added: “This evening/morning on the announcement of my return to ministry, I am both delighted and privileged to join with you for the celebration of your Sunday Mass on this the fourth Sunday of Advent, when the Church looks forward in joyful hope to the celebration of the Feast of the birth of Jesus.
“The last time I celebrated Mass in this Church of Saint Patrick was on the 9th March 2011, Ash Wednesday when I informed you that I had requested administrative leave from ministry for the duration of the necessary inquiries.
“Since then, I have been very much at home living here among you. I wish to thank especially my family, my neighbours and friends of all faiths and none, for their support and kindness shown to me during this time.
Bishop Treanor told Mass goers he was “pleased to announce the return of Fr John McManus to priestly ministry within the Diocese of Down and Connor”.
He added: “In 2011, in accordance with the requirements of both civil law and of Church policy, as set down by the National Board for the Safeguarding of Children in the Catholic Church (NBSCCCI), the PSNI and Social Services were notified of safeguarding issues that had been raised. Fr John McManus requested and was granted administrative leave to facilitate an investigation.
“After a thorough investigation by the police and the Public Prosecution Service and upon completion of a canonical judicial inquiry, with which both Fr John McManus and the Diocese co-operated fully, the canonical judicial inquiry concluded that there were not and are not any safeguarding issues that prevent his return to ministry.
The allegations were first reported to Church authorities on January 27, 2011.
At the time, Father McManus was chancellor of the diocese of Down and Connor, and effectively ran the administration of the diocese.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-18T11:11:57",
"url": "https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/news/belfast-news/priest-back-saying-mass-three-10627894",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
You visited the company's web page Fire Departments - Oxford. The company is located in the state Alabama, the city of Anniston. The legal address of our company is 100 East Choccolocco Street Anniston, AL 36203. For more information, please call (256) 831-3208.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-20T08:36:41",
"url": "http://alabamagameday.net/c-485821-fire-departments---oxford.html",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Ability of simultaneous cutting the two corners of PVC and aluminum profiles at the same time.
The machine is computerized,finding the measure and cutting automatically.Has a memory for cutting by sensitivity of 0,2mm and unit stopper.
Right head is constant and only left head is flexible.
Possibility of one head cutting when needed.
Diamond saws diameter is 420 mm.
Capable of cutting at 45-90 -45 degrees and interval degrees.
Flexible head can be moved millimetrically.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-23T15:50:54",
"url": "http://www.allproducts.com/manufacture97/omurzakco/product1.html",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
HOUSTON, Texas – The 2018 John & Suanne Roueche Excellence Award will be presented to six Lone Star College professors by the League for Innovation in the Community College. The award celebrates leadership and exceptional contributions made by community college faculty and staff.
Recipients will be honored during a special ceremony at the League's 21st annual Innovations conference which takes place Feb. 24 – 27 in New York City. These awards are open to League Alliance member institutions to celebrate outstanding contributions and leadership by community college faculty and staff.
John E. and Suanne D. Roueche, leaders in the community college field and early proponents of the idea that teachers have major responsibility for how well students perform in the classroom, have been partners and friends of the League for Innovation in the Community College for over 35 years.
In recognition of the long tradition of excellence in community college teaching and leadership, the League established the John & Suanne Roueche Excellence Awards in 2012. These awards are open to League Board and Alliance member institutions to celebrate outstanding contributions and leadership by community college faculty and staff. Recipients are recognized in a series of activities and promotions, and honored at special events at the League's Innovations Conference each spring.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-19T03:25:28",
"url": "https://www.woodlandsonline.com/npps/story.cfm?nppage=62080",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Arts Education | Common Core: What Are the Possibilities for the Arts?
More than two-thirds of the states have adopted the Common Core Standards in English, language arts, and math, establishing clear guidelines for what students need to know and be able to do in order to graduate from high school prepared for college and/or a career. Now that leaders are beginning to ask for shared curriculum guidelines across states, the Common Core standards are poised to change the character of schools (and of instruction well beyond ELA and math) and will be accompanied by new a new curriculum featuring common assessments. But what will the Common Core mean for the arts?
Join Julie Fry and Richard Kessler for an overview of the standards and a frank discussion of their potential impact on arts instruction.
Julie Fry joined the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation with over 20 years of arts and business experience. Most recently, she was associate vice president, Fund Services at The San Diego Foundation, and the first director of The San Diego Foundation's Arts & Culture Program, where she developed strategies to engage more donors and community members to support the arts in San Diego through research, community outreach events, and funding partnerships. Previously, Julie was director of arts & business programs at the San Diego Performing Arts League. There she expanded its Business Volunteers for the Arts and Technology for the Arts programs and established the Lawyers for the Arts, National Arts Marketing Project and OnBoard: Arts Board Development programs. Prior to moving to San Diego, she worked for the Business Arts Council in San Francisco and Business in the Arts: North West in Liverpool England, building arts and business partnerships and providing management consulting services to arts and culture nonprofits. She received her BBA in Economics and French from the University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire and her MBA from the University of St. Thomas in Houston, Texas. Julie has served on arts boards in the US and UK, and most recently was on the board of San Diego Grantmakers.
Richard Kessler is executive director of The Center for Arts Education (CAE), a nonprofit organization dedicated to stimulating, restoring, and sustaining arts education as an essential part of every child's K-12 education in the New York City public schools. His work in arts education has encompassed teaching, artist training, teacher professional development, program design, advocacy, curriculum development, fundraising, and assessment. From 1997 to 2004, Richard was executive director of the American Music Center and for four years prior he was vice president of Artsvision, an arts education consulting company, where he created and implemented arts and education programs throughout the United States and Canada. He holds two degrees from The Juilliard School and was a faculty member of the Manhattan School of Music from 1988 to 1993. Richard is the treasurer of the board of Common Core, the DC-based organization dedicated to a liberal arts education for all K-12 children nationwide, and also serves as a trustee of the American Composers Orchestra, The Festival of New Trumpet Music (FONT), and Sequitur, a new music presenting organization. His popular arts education blog, Dewey21C, is hosted by Arts Journal.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-21T14:56:02",
"url": "https://www.giarts.org/2011-Web-Conference-Series/arts-education-common-core-what-are-possibilities-arts",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Copyright © 2019 Blog Sustentabilidade. Powered by WordPress. Tema: Spacious por ThemeGrill.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-20T06:22:15",
"url": "http://sustentabilidade.grupohn.com.br/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
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|
Topic : Example of spreadsheet package. Author : Karisma Reid.
Posted : Wed, Oct 24th 2018 12:43 PM.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-21T18:51:54",
"url": "https://golagoon.com/example-of-spreadsheet/openoffice-calc-4-tutorial-8-worksheet-example-sales-calculation-maxresde/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
This article was originally published on LinkedIn. You can read the original right here.
My career began deep in the Product Lifecycle Management trenches.
I sold various PLM tools as a young man and had the opportunity to work all over the world in a 15 year time span.
I was successful constructing and selling large enterprise deals to Fortune 500 clients and being part of a team that was sold for $600M to a leading PLM legacy provider.
PLM wasn’t delivering on promised value and was in essence, broken.
I believe in the power of PLM as a positive force on the overall lifecycle of a product from planning to in service operation.
As a data driven professional, I saw PLM as an important tool to deliver valuable data to all key stakeholders, including non-engineers. With this knowledge all stakeholders could make better decisions.
It was my opinion that legacy PLM companies said they could deliver actionable data but never actually delivered on their promise.
This is when I started thinking differently about PLM.
I noticed that the PLM industry had become a “walled garden,” much like Apple iOS and Kindle eReaders, in their software deliver approach.
There was no appetite for new, best of breed software deployments.
As an industry we would argue against it.
Customer after customer would be left using systems they didn’t fully understand or left with hard-coded integrations that created a nest of spillover problems like rev-lock and rigid software.
The lack of appetite for experimentation was frustrating.
There were certainly product advancements in features and upgrades, but it was built on an antiquated business model on a dated technology delivery platform frankensteined together based on numerous acquisitions.
The legacy PLM providers have tried many times to sell the SMB but were never successful.
Their companies are built for large Enterprise clients only.
Everyone speaks that language up and down these companies, and it’s fully ingrained in their culture!
This has left a market segment flush with companies (in the SMB space) needing and ready to embrace a new way of delivering the value of PLM.
My decision to exit the PLM world in 2012 wasn’t an easy one.
PLM was, in a lot of ways, all I had I’d ever known in my career.
I loved the people I worked with, but in the end, I was personally not fulfilled and connected to the lack of progression in the industry.
I couldn’t bring myself to have more of the same conversations with customers and prospects for a business model I didn’t believe in.
After I left the PLM world my entire attitude towards enterprise software shifted.
As cheesy as it sounds, I felt reborn!
Multi-tenant SaaS not being secure enough for use.
Single Tenant Cloud the way to go.
I was now part of a world where flexible, easy connections between software moved data between systems.
At the same time, the move to the Cloud by enterprise software was gaining momentum.
The future wasn’t going to be made of single suite solutions but of small best of breed specialists – software companies who do one thing, really, really well.
It was going to be software delivered as a service.
The SaaS products that innovated quickly, allowed customers to only buy what they need, and made it easy for teams to work with the software they liked.
Customer on-boarding velocity, ease-of-use and cost (initial and ongoing) were main drivers.
And every new buzzword since that time has reinforced this. IIoT, IoT, Industry 4.0 – all these rely on many such SaaS offerings working together to seamlessly and effectively share data.
Flexible and willing to challenge the status quo.
In other words, the opposite of the legacy PLM solutions available today.
The true value of SaaS was magnified by my stints at PointClickCare and Flashstock (Acquired by Shutterstock), where I was exposed to simple, effective messaging, that led to something that was new to me… hypergrowth!
Yes, there is a way to scale up an enterprise grade application to huge numbers and the market was ready for it. How?
By putting the customer at the center of everything the company does. I don’t mean, what we think the customer wants, I mean what the customer actually wants!
Working at these high-growth successful startups delivering SaaS technology innovation proved to me that an adaptive and disruptive approach works at scale.
Having the customer at the heart of what you do wasn’t just a nice idea – it could (and did) work.
So why return to an industry that was so far behind the others?
Why re-enter a world where innovation and disruption were bad words?
First, I still believe in the vision of what PLM should be.
Products are getting more complicated, and manufacturers are getting more specialized. More is being done in the supply chains, which increases complexity.
Complex doesn’t scale, simple does.
Companies who can translate product data into meaningful insights will be poised to succeed – even as competition for manufacturing gets more and more ferocious.
Second, I realized that the legacy PLM providers, with their inability to change, were leaving massive revenue on the table.
Small and mid-sized companies were facing the same challenges so many large enterprises like Boeing, J&J, Apple and GM faced, but without the benefit of a $500 million PLM budget.
They rely on software solutions that might not work well together and try to stick them together in an effort to make them work.
This process is usually pretty messy and manual, but it’s the only way to do what they need to do.
It’s hugely challenging, and they experience that pain every day with hours spent manually moving data from A to B.
And third, I met John Laslavic (Founder & CEO Upchain). And he got it.
John got what PLM should be, and we were in sync from the start.
John understood the problems in the industry.
He understood that SMB companies were being completely underserved by legacy PLM providers, who even if they wanted to, would struggle to service their needs for so many reasons.
John also realized that even if the PLM industry wanted to change, it was going to be a tremendous challenge to do so.
The platforms of traditional PLM was dated.
There were layers of broken systems, poorly integrated acquisitions, and generations of technology all strung together with lines upon lines of custom code.
Finally, John had built a product that wasn’t just another PLM.
It was a solution that didn’t replace clients’ existing solutions – it complemented then. It empowered people to work how they want, instead of asking them to change how they do business.
And to me, that’s not just a good business philosophy, it’s about humility and respect for the customer. Why would we know the best way to build our customers products or the best way to make an engineering change?
We don’t. But our clients do.
John convinced me that he wasn’t just starting another PLM company.
That’s why I came back.
Because fundamentally, I believe in the vision of PLM. And at Upchain, we plan on delivering on that vision… finally.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-20T21:23:57",
"url": "https://www.upchain.com/blog/why-left-plm-world/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Whether you are located in Coral Gables, Florida or elsewhere across the country, when it comes to Business Phone Systems there are a vast array technologies, brands, and services from which to choose — such as Analog and Hybrid Phone Systems, Virtual PBX, VoIP Phone Systems, Hosted PBX VoIP Services and Cloud Phone System in the Coral Gables area.
Fortunately, ON Drive Techs provides service throughout Coral Gables, Florida. We are ready to answer all of your questions, and help you design and invest in the right Business Phone System or VoIP Phone Service – and at the most competitive price.
Take your Business to the next level and contact the phone vendor experts at ON Drive Techs in Coral Gables Florida toll-free at (866) 258-0064. We will customize a complete communication solution for your business!
What’re the benefits of purchasing On-premises Phone System for your business with VoIP in Coral Gables, FL?
Remote Support and Installation Assistance in the Coral Gables Area.
Certified VoIP Phone Systems Support in Coral Gables, FL.
Tech Support & Service in Coral Gables Florida?
At ON Drive Techs we offer Business Phone Systems Sales, Remote Installation Service, and full maintenance plan all under one roof in the Coral Gables area. If you are looking to improve your company’s image, productivity, telecommunications and customer service, the professionals at ON Drive Techs and our competitive rates will help get you there. Get a FREE QUOTE and find out just how affordable and easy it is to take your business to the next level. You and your customers will reap the rewards! Get a Free, No Obligation Quote Today!
Who Are Our Clients in Coral Gables ?
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-22T00:54:55",
"url": "https://www.ondrivetech.com/fl/coral-gables/business-phone-systems/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Judges should always take into consideration basic principles of law in making their decisions, a former Federal Court judge has reminded, in light of the “bin Abdullah” case.
In a forum organised by the Bar Council on the issue tonight, retired judge Gopal Sri Ram pointed out that the word “fatwa” is not mentioned anywhere in the Births and Deaths Registration Act (BDRA).
The director-general of the National Registration Department (NRD), therefore, had taken into account an irrelevant consideration and made a wrong decision in the matter, said Sri Ram.
Lawyers and judges, on the other hand, are required to look at relevant statutes and to thus determine what a particular statute would require them to do, he added.
“We say right, at the end of the day, the decision maker took into account irrelevant considerations then his decision is quashed.
“What is amazing is that the High Court judge didn’t know that. That tells a lot about the quality of judges we have at the High Court,” said Sri Ram to laughter from the audience.
The director-general of the NRD had cited an edict by the National Fatwa Committee that a child conceived out of wedlock cannot carry the name of the person who claims to be the father of the child if the child was born less than six months after a marriage.
This, after a child, was registered with the NRD two years after his birth, but the NRD registered the child as “bin Abdullah”, as the child was born five months and 24 days after his parents married.
A judicial review was filed in September 2015 and the High Court dismissed the application on Aug 4 last year.
The Court of Appeal, however, in a landmark decision, ruled that a child conceived out of wedlock can take on his or her father’s surname and that the edict on this by the National Fatwa Committee does not have the force of law.
Meanwhile, citing Article 8(1) of the Federal Constitution, Sri Ram said everyone, regardless of his or her religion, was entitled to equal protection of the law.
“Does the Births and Deaths Registration Act draw a distinction between a Muslim and a non-Muslim? It does not.
Pointing out that the administrative act was not constitutionally complied, and as such, the merits of the decision can be looked into, Sri Ram said: “anyone with half a brain” would not have made such a decision, citing the High Court decision on the matter.
“That means the court would have been entitled to intervene and quash it immediately.
“The fact that this also did not occur at the High Court was another terrible disaster, (a) tragedy.
“These are all elementary principles. Every lawyer knows this, or should know it,” he quipped.
Meanwhile, responding to a question from a member of the audience that a fatwa, once gazetted, would become binding on Muslims, Sri Ram cited Article 75 of the Federal Constitution which states that the federal law shall prevail if any state law is inconsistent with it.
“If the Births and Deaths Registration Act makes no distinction between a Muslim or a non-Muslim child and a child’s birth has to be registered, it’s irrelevant in which state it’s registered,” he said.
Meanwhile, Islamic Renaissance Front director Dr Ahmad Farouk Musa said a fatwa is not binding, neither is it a law.
“Since the fatwa has no force of law […] and bearing in mind that this country is still secular in nature, the decision of the Court of Appeal should be upheld,” he said.In making the court ruling, the Court of Appeal judges said the NRD director-general is not obligated to apply, let alone to be bound by a fatwa issued by a religious body such as the National Fatwa Committee.
The NRD and two others have since filed an appeal against the Court of Appeal’s landmark ruling.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-22T08:22:03",
"url": "https://mymalayblogger.com/2017/09/21/judges-reminded-of-basic-principles-of-law-in-bin-abdullah-forum/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
In the Department of Religion, all major world religions are studied as both historical and living traditions. The department studies religious languages, world-views, ethical systems, practices, organizations, and institutions as historically connected in complex ways to the cultures and societies in which they operate. Religion is an open and fascinating subject of study.
A maximum of 12 credit hours in Religion courses numbered at the 1000-level may be used toward the 18 credit hours for the Minor.
In addition to courses numbered at the 1000-level, the Department of Religion offers a number of upper-level courses for which there are prerequisites; see the Calendar.
It is not necessary for students to enter the offerings in Religion by way of courses numbered at the 1000-level. Students in any year or program may register for any course in Religion provided they satisfy course and program prerequisites. With written permission of the department head students may take courses numbered at the 4000-level.
In cooperation with St. Paul's College, the Department of Religion offers an arrangement of courses with special emphasis in Catholic studies as an option for students intending to major or minor in Religion. This special emphasis involves completing course RLGN 2850 Contemporary Issues in Roman Catholicism and selecting relevant courses offered in the Faculty of Arts and the School of Art. Contact the Department of Religion prior to registration in order to select appropriate courses.
Honours students will be expected to obtain six credit hours in each of the study areas B and C. In addition, for purposes of the Honours program, study area A is divided into two parts: (a) Bible and (b) the history of Western religion. Normally an Honours student will be expected to obtain six credit hours in each of those two parts.
Ancillary options are courses taken from outside the Honours field of study.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-20T22:58:54",
"url": "http://umanitoba.ca/faculties/arts/departments/religion/undergrad/index.html",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Hi, is there an option to set the km of the odometer to 0 in fuelly? I have had my complete instrument panel replaced after 6 months and the overall km shows 0 now in the car.
No, there is no way to reset the odometer to zero.
I would suggest creating a "new" vehicle to begin your tracking with the new odometer.
Alternatively switch to trip odometer method of tracking, requires reseting each fuel up, but doesn't matter if you miss one or two.
Ok, thanks. I will create a "new" car.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-26T06:34:00",
"url": "http://www.fuelly.com/forums/f2/odometer-reset-to-0-a-19452.html",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
A few months back there was an article in The Wall Street Journal called “The Pot Industry Puts On A Tie.” The story was about how, with marijuana now being legalized in more places, those involved (including some that were previously operating in the black market) need to confront a variety of business issues – some that all companies face and others unique to their industry. The article mentioned a seminar held in June, in Denver, in which 1,200 people came looking for answers to questions about banking and taxes and no doubt other business issues. But what grabbed my attention was that the seminar included a presentation called “Protecting Your Investment: Risk Management and Insurance for the Cannabis Industry.” After that I put on my to-do list: find out more about insurance issues concerning the marijuana industry.
The marijuana industry is big and projected to see extraordinary growth in the next few years. Everyone knows that Colorado and Washington state recently legalized marijuana for recreational use. But there is much more to it than just two states. Twenty-three states and D.C. have legalized marijuana for medical use in some form. And more states may soon be joining the medical and recreational lists. It is an active legislative and ballot issue in several states. As for the size of the marijuana industry in dollars, who knows. I saw statistics that were all over the board. The only thing the numbers had in common is that they were in the billions — and projected to be in the many more billions in the next few years.
Insurance broker Doug Banfelder, of Premier Southwest Insurance Group in Scottsdale, Arizona, and founder of its Premier Dispensary Insurance Division, specializes in placing coverage for various types of businesses involved in the marijuana industry. Doug was in fact a panelist on the insurance presentation at the Denver seminar. Doug was kind enough to speak with me about insurance and risk issues in the pot business and engage in a very informative Q&A, which is set forth below.
The 54 year old is new to the insurance industry, having joined it just four years ago, with the last three spent at Premier Dispensary. Doug’s background is in Arizona politics. But when his boss lost re-election he set out looking for a new career. Despite Doug’s recent entry into the insurance field, it was clear from speaking to him that he is a very quick study. He sounded like a 20-year veteran when explaining the various types of coverage, and related issues, concerning the marijuana industry. Doug’s many years in politics clearly compliments his role as a broker. The political process plays a large part in understanding the marijuana industry. Doug sensitivity to politics came through very clearly as he spoke to me about the future legalization landscape and various regulatory issues that come with legalization.
What are some misconceptions that people have of the marijuana industry and those involved?
Contrary to the marijuana stereotypes and imagines that often come to mind, the majority of cannabusiness entrepreneurs are everyday Americans. They are professionals that embody our nation’s can-do, risk-taking spirit. They see the business potential, are unfazed by the challenges, and, most critically, are unafraid to engage in a degree of civil disobedience, essentially telling the federal government by their actions that the war on marijuana has failed and that new public policy models are needed. These people embrace the idea that, in a free society, it is not only their prerogative but also a civic duty to agitate for changes to failed policies.
Despite the success of the reform movement in twenty three states and the District of Columbia, the bottom line for the foreseeable future remains this: all state-sanctioned cannabis possession, growing and distribution is still federally illegal. Proceed at your own risk.
What are the main aspects of the marijuana industry (e.g., dispensaries, growers, etc.) and what are the principal insurable risks faced by each?
The primary exposures for dispensaries are not much different than those faced by other retailers, such as theft by customers and employees, fire, weather-related and product liability. Strong-arm robberies are very rare: the robust security measures required by state regulators and carriers tend to make criminals seek softer targets (such as liquor stores).
Growers face these risks and more; a simple power outage, if prolonged, can cause the loss of a roomful of plants during sensitive phases of the growth cycle. Hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of plants can lose all value within just a few hours. Plants that pass a state-mandated lab test may still contain trace amounts of pesticides or mold, potentially exposing the entire chain of distribution – grower, test lab and retailer – to product liability suits.
Infusion and Extraction operations have their own risks. Infusing cannabis butter into food products can result in uneven dosing, creating the possibility of product liability claims that a too-strong serving either made a person sick or caused an anxiety attack, especially in a “naive” patient or recreational consumer (hello Maureen Dowd – Google it!). All standard food preparation best practices apply, of course, and the same goes for makers of lip balms, salves, breath strips, etc, etc.
Extraction operations pose fire and explosion hazards when butane or hexane are used. Super Critical CO2 extraction machines are safer but very expensive, with prices of up to $150,000 for a high end unit. For cultivators, professional third-party transport is not yet possible due to chain of custody regulations; in most states licensees must perform all wholesale deliveries. This is problematic from a public safety perspective, as a Master Grower is not likely to also be a security specialist.
Legal cannabis is a very capital-intensive industry, so proper Property coverage is vital. Many retailers aim for an upscale environment, employing furnishings such as glass and wood showcases and high end lighting fixtures to create a hip, comfortable vibe that helps conceal the facility’s extensive security measures – much more jewelry store than pawnshop or headshop.
Lessor’s Risk is another major consideration – the vast majority of carriers want nothing to do with a building housing a cannabis operation. A (very) few will provide policies for those with a dispensary tenant, provided the premises otherwise meets their usual underwriting guidelines. If the building will be home to a commercial cultivation, all bets are off – indoor agriculture poses too complex a set of risks for those who don’t know the industry.
This is a shame, really, as these operations – especially in states where production and distribution are tightly regulated means that every aspect of the operation, from security to electrical architecture to air filtration systems and more must be inspected and approved by the state before opening and are then subject to additional inspections, a level of regulation far exceeding that of nearly every other type of business. This intensive, state-performed risk management dramatically lowers the risk assumed by carriers. Fortunately for the cannabis industry, there are at present “just enough” carriers willing to write this business to make those leasing to cultivations fully insurable.
On the professional liability side there is coverage available for testing laboratories, Directors & Officers, cannabis business consultants, and medical malpractice for doctors performing patient evaluations. Security companies also pose huge challenges for so may reasons.
Are there any insurance requirements mandated by law?
In both MA and WA state, regulations require General and Product liability with $1,000,000 limits. The policies must name the state as an Additional Insured (this particular requirement is in effect in IL also). Additionally, WA policies must contain Primary Wording. A director of the WA State Liquor Control Board reached out to me as they were contemplating insurance requirements. We had a good conversation and I sent them a copy of our application form. Regulations addressing carrier concerns is a win-win.
Some jurisdictions require either performance bonds or escrow accounts. As just one example, CT and IL mandate $2,000,000 performance bonds for cultivations; these are exceedingly difficult to source. The high dollar value aggravates an underwriter’s primary concern: the ever-present possibility that the federal government could do an abrupt about-face and shut these state programs down. While seemingly less and less likely as each day goes by and another state adopts a program, this threat cannot be ignored.
Who are the main insurers in the industry and how long have they been involved?
The Lloyds of London program began in 1998 when a California underwriter realized, two years after that state passed the nation’s first medical marijuana law, that there were no markets for this new risk. This program is very comprehensive and continues to evolve rapidly in response to industry needs.
Other programs exist, offered from Essex, James River, Kinsdale and Scottsdale. These programs have a variety of differences, such as some only being offered in medical states and not serving the recreational market. In some cases, in order to obtain GL, an insured must also carry a professional policy. A carrier might write GL and Products, but no property, so an agent has to source a monoline property to put a package together. Some programs lack desirable endorsements.
Overall I’m seeing a few carriers “dipping their toe” into these mostly uncharted waters, offering limited coverages to build their reserves and actuarials until they understand the industry well enough to begin offering stronger policies with more refined pricing.
What are the biggest challenges faced by marijuana underwriters and what is some of the important information sought by an insurer when underwriting a dispensary and grower?
Being able to see past the stigmatization is key to properly assessing the exposure. Due to cannabis’ history as a black market commodity, many people associate the product with criminal activity, triggering a whole range of negative perceptions. Society’s experience has proven, however, that the most dangerous thing about marijuana is the fact that it’s illegal – we have made it more dangerous to be caught with the substance than to actually use it. As with any other risk, underwriters need to know the industry to understand the risk profile. The agent must be able to fully and accurately convey the true nature of the client’s operations to underwriting so that they may make a clear assessment based on actual rather than perceived risks.
Can you discuss some challenges that come from the industry going from illegal to legal and regulated.
Hands down the lack of banking is number one. What other aboveground $2 billion industry doesn’t have access to checking and savings accounts? Credit card issuers won’t knowingly serve the legal cannabis industry either. This is why so many dispensaries do all their transactions in cash. In fact, many keep an ATM in the reception area. All this cash – held by the customer, kept in the merchant’s till, counted by hand, stored on-site until taken away, and used to pay as many bills as possible – including payroll, even – is obviously a source of great concern to carriers, regulators, and tax authorities.
Location of operations is another tough nut to crack. In Denver there were no zoning regulations early on, resulting in the dense clustering of dispensaries. Neighborhoods typically react badly to any land use perceived as adverse to the community’s health and well-being, even more so when they feel under siege by a particular industry. We’ve seen this play out across the country, with the implementation of moratoria of six months to a year being common; other communities have enacted outright bans. Washington state’s attorney general issued an opinion that municipalities could ban these facilities under I-502, the state’s enabling legislation – but others disagree. This and related issues could well end up in the state supreme court.
Some jurisdictions allow dispensaries but zone them into industrial areas; less than ideal for safe, convenient customer access. Even cultivations, commercial kitchens and extraction operations, as anonymous as other industrial uses, can run into resistance. One client had a nearby property owner protest their use permit, alleging that the presence of a cultivation next to his building would lower his property values, though he offered no supporting data. I was happy to testify that the insurability of these operations, relatively low claims ratios and reasonable rates demonstrates that his fears were unfounded. The hearing officer approved the permit.
What would the reaction be if you approached a large P&C carrier (not involved in the marijuana industry) and asked to place CGL coverage for a dispensary?
You mean once they’ve stopped laughing? Although many underwriters I speak with see where the legalization trend is going and are not personally opposed, management at the vast majority of carriers have zero interest in this industry. I’d wager that 99.9% of admitteds and 98.9% of E&S carriers are definitely not a market for any sort of cannabis-related operation.
The marijuana industry is very regulated. What are some of the key regulations that benefit insurers by minimizing risks?
When I first saw the Lloyd’s GL application I was struck by how closely its safety and security requirements paralleled those of the Arizona Department of Health Services, our state’s regulatory agency. This has been the case with nearly every state to come online since then. Key regs generally include a Central Station Alarm connected to all doors and windows; minimum safe requirements; having a reception area or double entrance; access to the showroom controlled by a buzz-in door; cameras trained on every doorway and window, safe or vault and at the point of sale, and many other strategies to prevent theft and diversion.
State regulations require a full range of policy and procedures manuals, often including written product recall plans, loss prevention measures, and a product quality control program. Other requirements can come from counties or municipalities, such as bulletproof glass inside dispensaries, for example. I find this interesting, as such measures are not required of pharmacies or liquor stores in most neighborhoods. One commodity or another – what is the difference, really?
What are some challenges to being a broker in the marijuana industry that are not faced by brokers writing P&C insurance for more traditional businesses? Can you provide an example.
With traditional businesses the name of a given enterprise doesn’t raise suspicion! In the cannabis industry business names can be very telling: “herbal” this, “green” that, “high” something, “compassionate” care, “canna” this or that – all of which can set off alarm bells in underwriters’ minds. So right off the bat you’re having to explain the nature of the business. I’m ok with this, however, as I believe in full disclosure, all the time – my markets know what the likely topic of conversation is when they see my call coming in.
Even when a prospect’s business isn’t directly related to the cannabis industry, the mere whiff of an association can cause issues. Case in point: a client needed an office BOP to satisfy the lease requirement for a space he was renting. He has two businesses; one a dispensary, the other a bit unusual but fully legal and comparatively mainstream. He simply wanted a place to work that was away from everything and everyone. Should be easy, right? Not so fast. Underwriters from three different admitted carriers wanted to know what the other businesses were. I told them, explaining that each was fully insured, and yet was still declined by two of the three.
This challenge extends to those who will never even touch the plant. For example, a magazine publisher who specializes in niche publications for a variety of industries added a B2B magazine for the cannabis industry – and their carrier cancelled the policy!
For agents the learning curve for this industry is significant, and so is the opportunity cost; in the time I spent sourcing a manuscript policy for a security company, or in another case persuading an underwriter to provide product liability for a marijuana vending machine distributor, I could have written plenty of other business.
Fascinating and frustrating in nearly equal measure, insuring the cannabis industry takes creativity, patience, a greater than normal level of risk tolerance, and the desire to make a difference.
|
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Pre-wedding photoshoot – அவசியமா? ஆடம்பரமா?
What’s your favourite Tamil custom?
What does Aaluma Doluma, Makkayala mean?
What will you do if Facebook, WhatsApp are banned?
We asked the people of Trichy about the consequences of banning popular social media platform Facebook and messaging service WhatsApp.
Boys or girls? Who feels shy talking to the opposite gender?
Girls or boys? Who like to dress well?
What’s the ‘right age’ to fall in love?
Love knows no boundaries and age, they say. Here we ask the people of Tirunelveli about what is the ‘right age’ to love another person.
What makes a guy, girl attractive?
What do people do in the name of ‘fashion’?
We asked a few youngsters about what fashion means to them and how people get their sense of fashion wrong. Listen to their funny replies.
Boys or girls? Who ‘show off’ more?
Who seeks more attention in public? Boys or girls? We know it’s a broad question but listen to these funny replies of the youths of Chennai.
Has your school education prepared you for life?
Has your school education helped you prepare for life? We ask the people of Puducherry what they think about the Indian education system.
What’s the reason behind breakups?
Breakups can be hard. We ask the people of Trichy what they think is the reason behind relationship breakups.
Who’s better at lying? Men or women?
Who’s better at lying? Men or women? We ask the people of Trichy for their opinion!
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I used to be a classroom storyteller. As an English teacher for middle school kids, I often would give brief biographical insights into famous people we were talking about at the time. I told them about Crazy Horse of the Sioux tribe, Roger Bacon the alchemist and inventor of chemistry as a science, Mark Twain in Gold Rush California, and many other people I have found fascinating through my life as a reader and writer of English.
Yep. That’s about right. In its simplest form life consists of, “You are born, stuff happens, and then you die.” And it does often seem to me that true genius and great heroism are punished terribly in the end. Achilles destroys Hector, but his heel is his undoing. Socrates taught Plato, and was forced to drink poison for being too good at teaching. Custer was a vain imbecile and got what he deserved at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, but Crazy Horse, who made it happen, was pursued for the rest of his short life for it until he was finally captured and murdered. Roger Bacon contributed immensely to science by experimenting with chemicals, but because he blew up his lab too often, and because one of his students blew himself up in a duel with another student, he ended his days in prison for practicing sorcery.
But if you have listened to any of the music I have added to this post, the music of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, then you recognized it, unless you have lived your whole life under a rock in Nomusikvetchistan. And why is that? Because even though it is all classical music written in the 1800’s, it’s basic genius and appeal is immortal. It will outlive all of us. Some of it, having been placed on a record on the Voyager space craft may get played and appreciated a million years from now in the vicinity of Betelgeuse. It will still be a work of pure genius.
And, of course, the horrible life and terrible death thing is a part of it too. Tchaikovsky’s work took an incredibly difficult path to success. He was criticized by Russians for being too Western and not Russian enough. He was criticized in the West for being too exotic and basically “too Russian”. He railed against critics and suffered horribly at their hands. Then, too, his private life was far less private than it had any right to be. He was a bachelor most of his life, except for a two year marriage of pure misery that ended in divorce. And everybody, with the possibility of Pyotr himself, knew it was because he was a homosexual. He probably did have that orientation, but in a time and a career where it was deemed an illegal abomination. So whether he ever practiced the lifestyle at great risk to himself, or he repressed it his entire life, we will never know for sure.
But the music is immortal. And by being immortal, the music makes Tchaikovsky immortal too. Despite the fact that he died tragically at the age of 53, possibly by suicide.
So, this is the great lesson of Tchaikovsky. The higher you fly, the farther you fall, and you will fall… guaranteed, but that will never make the actual flight not worth taking. Some things in life are more important than life itself. As I near the end myself, I cling to that truth daily.
Since I am having trouble posting new stuff to this blog, I thought I would give you a second look at last year’s end-of-the-school-year and end-of-life post… in honor of the end of school this year, not because I am dying or anything.
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Because plants can not be patented…there’s no money for big pharm who may or may not try to keep you from…big farm. 🙂 LOL!! The FDA does prohibit me from linking you to any studies, so I implore you to search those constituents and research them (as well as Thieves) for yourself!
Here’s why honey helps heal.
That information has been lost over the generations, right? That’s mind numbing! How many dollars could be saved by knowing all of THAT? And how many organs? Lol.
Go raw when possible, and manuka honey if you can get it. Would ya check out this review?
This honey. Where to begin? It is AMAZING. I have given this to my friends with the bacteria H. Pylori, acid reflux, and stomach discomfort. Each and every one of them loves it and swears by it. Is it expensive ? Oh goodness, yes. Does it work? A resounding YES. Is it worth it? 100% YES! This product is so good, and the taste is so delicious, it is simply worth every single penny. It has a color of liquid gold, smells somewhat minty, and is extremely viscous. This honey is only found in the top hills of New Zealand where the manuka plant grows, and the huge bees that fly up at that elevation, giving a world renown quality and flavor that is so unique, I promise you, you will not regret trying this out. As a longtime Amazon customer, I rely on reviews from the Amazon community when making buying decisions. That being said, I only believe in giving honest and unbiased reviews.
So, YEAH! I like to add my oils to the honey and then add the warm water to make the ‘tea’.
You may use an actual tea as a base if you like, and you can also add peppermint vitality to soothe a sore throat. BUT, be careful with peppermint vitaity – LESS than a full drop is more than enough. If you simply dip a toothpick into your bottle top and get some oil on it and swirl it into your tea, THAT is enough for a whole cup of tea!! Also, if you’re new to oils stick to ONE drop of Thieves vitality until you feel ready for more. One drop of oil can cover each cell in our body millions of times over. Isn’t that amazing?
-Heat your water instantly without the use of plastic and very little electricity with an electric tea kettle.
-If the water boils be sure to allow it to cool before adding your essential oil. You do not want to destroy the effective parts of the oil!
Copaiba is a fabulous “enhancer” of other essential oils and it has very little taste to it. It’s main chemical constituents are alpha humulene and beta caryophyllene. If you have not checked out what those constituents do, you will probably flip your lid after researching that. This is something you can take without any prescription or card, and it is THE ONLY FDA approved dietary supplement of this nature.
What’s this buzz about Copaiba? Here’s where we have potential to blow your mind. I located great, compliant information from Adam Ringham and this graphic made by Crystal Hovland of Bee Oily~ should answer the questions!
Hmm. Maybe I’d prefer to have Copaiba vitaliyy tea with a drop of Thieves vitality in it, instead of the other way around. 🙂 Gary Young has said that Americans would benefit greatly from 5 drops of Copaiba everyday. We do live an inflammatory kind of lifestyle, and we’re changing things slowly but surely, so Copaiba for everyone in the meantime. Lol.
NO, you will not get high or fail a drug test if you use this oil. Dr Lindsay Elmore did a great video on that subject if you’re looking for it.
Young Living is the only Essential Oil Company to offer true Copaiba oil, steam distilled from the oleoresin from trees of the Copaifera genus collected in the Amazonian rain forest. For all the eco peeps, this method of extraction leaves the trees in tact!
A little more information on Copaiba is available in the Young Living blog, and there are more recipes, here.
Add the Copaiba vitality for amplified comfort! Copaiba is widely used as a remedy for the throat in South America, I think it’s about time we catch on. Don’t you?
You need to have this in your home! It’s a really good deal too. Receive an outstanding deal on the Premium Starter Kit, which also gets you a wholesale membership with Young Living! (24% off any future purchases) Costco gives me nothing for my $80! LOL. Plus, take advantage of the Anointed By Abba special $25 back offer! Go ahead – click and read more about the oils and why our Seed to Seal quality surpasses them ALL in the quality department. It’s unmatched!
You can follow our blog for more recipes and ideas like this by liking us on Facebook or signing up to follow by email (in the upper right side column of this blog–do it–while we’re still publishing for free :-). We share LOTS of DIY recipes.
« Hairspray! Simple Organic DIY HAIRSPRAY!
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“It is very difficult to learn and decipher the language of children. It is altogether a different literary world. Children’s language is different when they are two, when they are seven and the process goes on. We should also have books written in their language,” he said at the launch of his book titled “Boski ka Panchtantra”.
“I learnt it when my daughter was growing up and I was writing books for her. Now I am writing for my 3-year-old grandson,” he added.
“Bosky ka Panchtantra” is a set of 5 different books comprising of stories from Panchtantra. The stories are from Panchtantra but the words are of Gulzar. These stories were not written but told and are compiled in the book as he narrated them to his daughter Bosky when she was a kid. According to Gulzar, in a country like India where so many different languages are spoken, no language or dialect can be uniform, it differs widely with different areas. “Be it Hindi, Urdu or even English its not uniformly spoken here. It is different in Lucknow, its different in Delhi, its different everywhere,” he said.
Even the Urdu that we speak in India is not the same as that spoken in Pakistan, there it has more of Sindh effect. Though the language here in India has also evolved like anything in past 50 years, said Gulzar. “It is not necessary to have any uniformity in languages, but they should not be mixed. There should be no Hinglish, it should be either English or Hindi. Every language has its uniqueness, it gets lost when mixed with another,” he said.
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-20T04:11:57",
"url": "http://www.indiajournal.com/bookworm/now-i-am-writingfor-my-grandson-gulzar",
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What is it? How do you set up an account? How do you accept a gift?
How does it compare to other currencies? Are there legal issues?
What are the responsibilities of nonprofits?
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"timestamp": "2019-04-22T10:26:40",
"url": "http://www.vagiftplanning.org/new-events/2018/11/8/member-program",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
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MOBILE DEVICES WILL DESTROY YOUR BUSINESS (AND LIFE) –HERE’S YOUR PLAN?
29% of cell owners describe their cell phone as “something they can’t imagine living without”.
Nearly 1/3 of all cell phone users can’t imagine living without it! Not sure about you, but I’m reminded of Aldous Huxley and how he predicted the day will come when men and women are ruled by machines.
2012 was a very unusual year in the PC market. For the first time since 2001, PC sales were projected to be lower than they were in the previous year.
So which devices are consumers buying? Tablets, for one thing. Tablet sales are expected to exceed 100 million units this year. Their sales numbers may exceed laptop sales this year.
Despite this shift, PC’s still dominate the workplace. comScore tracked site visits by type of device (mobile, pcs, & tablets) and their study revealed that outside of the workplace, mobile devices and tablets dominate the web.
comScore also monitored the year-over-year increase or decrease in traffic, based on type of device, for the most visited websites. They discovered a 75% increase in traffic from mobile devices. Compare that with the 9.4% increase in traffic from PCs.
60% of cell phone owners say they use their phones to go online to browse the internet, exchange emails, or download apps, according to Pew Research. Don’t let 60% fool you as a small percentage. That 60% represents over 175 million Americans.
So what are all those people doing when on their phone?
49% of smartphone users used their phone to decide on whether or not to visit a particular business. Less than 10 years ago, these people would have likely given your business a try. But today, thanks to this magical device they can’t live without, they trust it to determine whether or not they should even visit your business.
No longer do you have the chance to at least get them in the door and then sell them. No, today they let their smartphone make the decision for them.
As an entrepreneur, you can’t risk ignoring this trend. It’s your responsibility as the leader of your organization to study the trends, to know and understand the impact they will have on your industry and your business.
OKAY, BUT IS THIS MOBILE THING JUST A FAD?
A fad? No. If anything, this is a trend. Sure, trends move up and down, but mobile is an upward trend – and will only continue. Consider the staggering increase in the amount of time people spend on their mobile devices (not talking) from 2010 through 2013. In 2010 the average per day was 24 minutes, and in 2013 it jumped up to 2 hours and 21 minutes. That’s a 487.5% increase in the time spent each day on a mobile device, not including the amount of time making phone calls.
Almost half (46%) of teens in the United States are online for more than ten hours each daily…the majority of these hours spent on mobile devices.
Boomers age 45-66 and seniors 67+ now spend more time online than they do watching television. In an average week, they spend 16 hours watching television and 19 hours online.
As a result of more people connecting, socializing, engaging, and shopping online, people are spending less and less time in real face-to-face socializing.
This again ties into the other stats showing that more and more people are trusting the opinions, ideas, and recommendations that their little mobile device gives them – accurate or not.
Not that long ago Wal-Mart was viewed as a disruptor. When the department store chain would build in a new market, all of the smaller businesses would cry out that their was no way they would be able to compete with Wal-Mart’s “always lower prices”. And in many respects, their statements became a self-fulfilling prophecy and today they are no longer in business.
Amazon has 182 million active customers.
Over 10 million people are enrolled in Amazon’s $99 per year PRIME program.
All of these make it easy for Amazon to disrupt your industry and marketplace, and also validate the mobile trend.
As always, action is optional. No one is going to require you to learn how to leverage these trends in your business. Thanks, in part, to mobile devices, the market doesn’t care if your business is mobile friendly. In large part, they will use their mobile devices to find other companies providing similar products and services that make it easy for them to connect and do business within the mobile world.
My intention isn’t to be harsh, but simply honest. As you know, the business landscape is constantly evolving. What worked yesterday likely won’t work today. Today more than ever, those who can and will disrupt your business are aggressively working to do so.
1) Don’t Ignore the Trends.
It would be very easy to simply brush off this trend, throw your hands up and say, “There is nothing I can do.” As an entrepreneur it is your duty to lead not only business through these trends, but to also help your customers navigate the ever changing landscape.
Spend some time identifying things you can do specifically to engage people through the web. Look for new opportunities to create meaningful dialogs with your customer and prospect base. One of the masters of this is Brian Goulet, and his team at The Goulet Pen Company.
Be a rebel. Take Richard Branson’s approach and choose to deliberately go against the trends. When he launched Virgin Atlantic the airline industry was in shambles. Profits for all the major airlines were virtually non-existent. The future of the industry looked bleak, with no foreseeable change in the direction it was heading.
As a result customer satisfaction was at an all-time low; the statistics which ensued lead Richard to go against the trend and launch Virgin Atlantic.
Look around at the assets that you currently have and identify ways that you can further leverage those assets.
If you have a website, is it mobile friendly?
If you are using social media, what can you do to further engage people in meaningful dialogs?
What ways can you help lead your customers through the trends?
How can you position yourself as the place to go regardless of what is happening in the broad market?
Something, or someone, is constantly fighting for the attention of your customers and prospects. It is your, and my, responsibility to defend our position within the minds of our market. As our culture continues to make the shift to a more mobile and digitally connected world, without a clear strategy you and your organization are stuck reacting to what is happening. You can count on the fact that somewhere in your market, one of your competitors has an aggressive plan. And more than likely, their plan includes the removal of your business from the marketplace. What’s your plan?
-Which of my marketing or sales efforts brought in the majority of my sales or clients?
-Do I test the various aspects of my marketing and selling activities to make sure they’re producing the best and most profitable results?
-What does it cost me to acquire a new customer?
-After the initial sales, are there systematic methods to communicate and resell to by clients?
-Who are my biggest competitors and what do they offer that I do not?
-What steps do I take to offset their advantage? Are they working?
-Do I view marketing as an investment or as an expense?
-Do you regularly study the most successful websites? Here’s the anatomy of a million dollar website.
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This pool on Clearlake Circle was originally built by Fountainhead in 1979 with white plaster, brick coping and Cool Deck.
After a number of years, the owners wanted to change the look of the pool. They chose to remove the Cool Deck and replaced it with a Slate Deck.
This pool on Lovers Lane was originally built by Fountainhead in 1968 with standard Cast Stone coping and broom finish concrete decks. It also included an open spa area with "floating" sandstone boulders and a large loveseat.
In 1985, the owners wanted to reduce the size of the pool, reconfigure the pool seating and deck areas and change the decking material. They converted the large love seat into a rock waterfall, enclosed the spa, removed the "floating" boulders, added stone coping, changed the decks to an aggregate finish and re-plastered the pool and spa using two shades of grey-green dye.
This pool on Falls Rd. was originally a green plaster, lap pool with brick coping, aggregate decks with brick insets, a diving board and a child safety fence.
In 2000 the home owner asked Fountainhead to freshen up the look of the pool and to replace the decks and patios which had shifted. Given the age of the children, the child safety fence was removed and the shallow-end steps were reconfigured to include a tanning bench. The brick insets were removed and the decks and patios were replaced with new aggregate. The diving board was removed and the interior finish was changed to a medium grey dye complemented with stone coping and boulders.
This pool on Turtle Creek Dr. was originally a retangular lap pool with a half circle spa on the residence end. It had brick coping and native pea gravel aggregate decks.
When it was remodeled by Fountainhead in 1995, the homeowner wanted the pool to have a more natural look and chose to change the shape of the pool slightly, as well as, the interior finish, coping and decks. The interior finish is black Pebble-Tec, stone coping, boulders and a rock waterfall were added to give the pool a more natural feel. A small footbridge further enhances the natural stream effect of the pool.
This pool in Lakewood has a raised patio area at the far end of the pool and a spa at pool level near the house. It had brick coping and native pea gravel aggregate decks.
In 2002, the homeowner wanted the pool to have a softer look and chose to change walkway appearance as well as the interior finish, tile and coping. The interior finish is Tahoe Blue Pebble-Tec, with Arizona Rust stone coping, and an artificial slate tile give the pool a softer, more natural feel. After adding about 400 sf of walkways the entire pool deck was re-surfaced using Elite-Crete to complement the new Arizona stone coping.
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-22T04:04:24",
"url": "http://fountainheadpools.com/FountainheadRemodels.html",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Our I+D+i unit aims to contribute to the development of innovating capabilities and strategies related to aging, dependence and chronic illnesses.
It is simply a question of giving back to society all the accumulated experience we have gathered over the past 20 years in these areas and of enhancing the value of our activities by streamlining, developing and spreading the knowledge we have gained through open and collaborative investigation.
The daily care of dependent persons can create in the sick personand the own professional caregiver stressful and frustratingsituations, training is essential to tackle this work. Dependent people and their families have to have quiet andsecurity which will be treated with respect and professionalism.
At ADACEN we believe that the training and updating of specificexpertise are essential in professional caregivers to make care better and give value to their professional performance and to enhance and increase the quality of life of this important group of the population they serve.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-23T10:47:53",
"url": "https://www.adacen.org/i-d-i/?lang=en",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
WASHINGTON -- The news on aspartame was a little sweeter last month, with one of the largest human studies so far finding no association with cancer. Known by brand names such as NutraSweet and Equal, aspartame has been in and out of headlines since its approval in 1981, largely because of data raising the possibility of a link to brain cancer. After years of relative quiet, the controversy revived in February, when a team of Italian researchers published disturbing data from an extensive animal study. The scientists, writing in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives, reported that rodents fed aspartame at levels under the daily acceptable limit appeared to have an increased risk of lymphoma, leukemia and brain cancers. Even the report's language was alarming: "On the basis of these results, a re-evaluation of the present guidelines on the use and consumption of (aspartame) is urgent and cannot be delayed," the team from Bologna wrote. The Italian study prompted investigators from the National Cancer Institute to examine aspartame patterns among more than 550,000 older men and women who had enrolled in a health study in 1995 and 1996. Last month in Washington, during the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, the NCI scientists reported that no matter how they analyzed the data, no associations between aspartame and blood or brain cancers emerged. "This goes a long way toward alleviating concerns about aspartame," says Michael Jacobson, director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a consumer group that has called for further investigation into the safety of the sweetener. He isn't ready yet, however, to declare the case closed. That's because there are limits to the amount of information any one study can produce, and Jacobson is still bothered by some of the earlier data. In the newest research, the scientists identified 1,972 cases of blood cancers and 364 cases of brain cancer over five years. Among those who had more than 200 milligrams of aspartame daily -- just over the amount in one can of soda -- the average consumption was about 400 milligrams. At any level of consumption, even the highest amounts, the scientists couldn't find any difference between healthy people and those with cancer. The strengths of the new study include the fact that people answered questions about eating habits before anyone had developed cancer. The research was also praised for involving so many participants. But no study is perfect. People had to recall what they ate when they filled out questionnaires, so the amount of aspartame consumed was based on memory. Also, the study followed people for five years and cannot rule out the possibility that a smoldering cancer may appear later. To that end, the researchers plan another analysis in the future. Experts also say that the results from the Italian study need to be verified. NutraSweet estimates that its product is used in about 5,000 other products and consumed by about 250 million people worldwide. The use of Splenda is increasing, Adamson says. Splenda, the newest sweetener on the block, has not raised safety concerns in animal studies, Jacobson says. And, Jacobson says that given the overall concerns about weight gain and diabetes, he would still recommend diet sodas over full-calorie ones. Even better, he says. "Water is always available."
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-23T16:32:31",
"url": "http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2006-05-10/news/26955383_1_aspartame-brain-cancer-cancer-research",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
During the onboarding process for One Park Place, a 108-unit high-rise luxury condominium property, Copaken Brooks conducted its conditional assessment “health check” to identify and prioritize deferred maintenance conditions of the building’s life safety systems. The team discovered corroded glands on the building fire pump, as well as a leaky and corroded fire pump head.
An independent fire pump servicing firm determined the gland casings were corroded beyond repair due to improper maintenance. This condition produced an overtightening around the shaft and restricted water flow to properly cool it during operation. The preventive maintenance and pump run records indicated that the pump had not been routinely serviced or properly exercised on a consistent basis.
The HOA Board was unaware of the fire pump condition, which could lead to pump failure during an emergency.
The pump was tested but began smoking shortly after starting due to the overtightened condition of the glands on the pump shaft. The service company was concerned that due to this condition, the excess friction could lead to pump failure and the building would be left without a means to get water to upper floors in the event of fire.
Rush order a new pump head.
Place the building on fire watch until the pump could be repaired.
The HOA board unanimously approved the action items based on Copaken Brooks’ recommendations. The fire pump head was ordered and replaced, and building fire life safety system tests were performed to confirm all systems were functioning.
In addition, regular preventive maintenance and exercising of the fire pump was scheduled with a qualified fire pump contractor to ensure reliability and performance is maintained.
By implementing a preventive plan, the board was able to minimize the risk of a massive economic impact to the property and owners due to an inoperative fire pump.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-22T04:25:47",
"url": "https://www.copaken-brooks.com/one-park-place/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
On a side note, one of Hank’s Very Favorite People distinctly remembers the day Valley came to her school, far, far away from the San Fernando Valley. It was funny. For that day. Then it wasn’t funny anymore. And yet it has stayed. And stayed. And, like, stayed.
Will You Never Rest in Peace?
This entry was posted in Art, Worth a Sniff and tagged education, poetry, schweet. Bookmark the permalink.
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-18T18:35:10",
"url": "https://houseofhank.me/2011/02/11/29-a-v-after-valley/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Oval Dyed Jade Stone Beads 14x10x6mm Pink II, 16" per strand and approx 29 beads per strand. Price for one strand.
Pink Opal Oval Stone Beads 20x15.6.5mm, 16" per strand and approx 20 beads per strand. Price for one strand.
Rectangle Carved Black Picture Jasper Stone Beads 35x25mm, 16" per strand and approx 11 beads per strand. Price is for one strand.
Coin Lemon Jade Stone Beads 20mm, 16" per strand and approx 20 beads per strand. Price for one strand.
Faceted Coin Lemon Jade Stone Beads 6mm, 16" per strand and approx 63 beads per strand. Price for one strand.
Teardrop Peach Stone Beads 30x25mm, 16" per strand and approx 13 beads per strand. Price for one strand.
Teardrop Assorted Stone Beads 18x13mm, 16" per strand and approx 22 beads per strand. Price for one strand.
Teardrop Yellow Jade Beads 16x12mm - 26pcs pack. Price for one pack.
Teardrop Assorted Stone Beads 18x10mm, 16" per strand and approx 21 beads per strand. Price for one strand.
Teardrop Assorted Stone Beads 22x14mm, 16" per strand and approx 19 beads per strand. Price for one strand.
Teardrop Assorted Stone Beads 12mm, 16" per strand and approx 14 beads per strand. Price for one strand.
Teardrop Olivine Jade Stone Beads 8x6mm, and approx 38 beads. Price for 38pcs beads.
Teardrop Rose Quartz Beads 25x18mm, 16" per strand and approx 16 beads per strand. Price for one strand.
A Grade Magnesite Turquoise Stone Beads (Stabilized from Natural Magnesite Stone), Dog Bone 10x8mm & green Color, 16" per strand and approx 40 beads per strand. Price for one strand.
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-26T12:41:33",
"url": "http://chinabizaccess.com/General/onsale-K.html",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
It’s enough to send a chill down your spine; you’re late for work and, lo and behold, you’re met with a thick layer of frost on the car. There’s nothing else for it – you need to scrape, spray and shiver your way through the windscreen ice. Soggy gloves, cold steering wheel, raw fingers… It’s literally a pain.
Drivers of the Vauxhall Insignia Grand Sport, however, need not face the early morning horrors of a bitter winter; they can prep their car for the elements, before they even step outside.
A remote controlled stationary heater allows the cabin to be warmed up at the press of a button, while you enjoy a hot cup of tea inside. A fine wire heating element will melt the frost from your windscreen, while also working to prevent fog when the weather is more humid. Turning off automatically when the time is right, you needn’t be concerned about efficiency.
In addition, heated front and rear seats will ensure that both the driver and passengers have a cosy journey, while the heated steering wheel will prevent nippy hands.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-22T16:15:15",
"url": "https://www.marshall.co.uk/vauxhall/news/stay-cool-this-winter/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
How far will the left go in its quest to stop President Trump and his agenda to Make America Great Again?
We’ve seen hysterical mobs clawing at the doors of the Supreme Court, protesters swarming and screaming at senators in restaurants, airports and offices, and Democratic lawmakers vowing to repeal the tax cut behind the current economic boom.
Comedian Bill Maher wasn’t joking when he said he’d like to see the economy crash because it would help topple President Trump.
That seems to be the left’s master plan: Tank the economy to bring down Donald J. Trump.
One is reminded of the apocryphal commander in the Vietnam War who said we must destroy the village to save it.
This is the proper context for understanding the campaign against American energy resources.
Our economy depends on plentiful, affordable energy. Our food, homes, vehicles, consumer goods, communications, the world as we know it, none would be possible without ready access to energy.
America’s energy boom will fuel our economy for decades to come. American oil, natural gas, coal, corn and other resources will lower the price of fuel for our vehicles, homes and industries, ensuring good jobs and a rising standard of living for everyone.
If someone wanted to stop our economy, they would stop the supply of energy. That’s what OPEC did in the 1973 oil embargo.
Today, America is producing the energy here at home, and we have people trying to create the domestic version of an oil embargo.
Leftist billionaires are funding environmental extremists to stop the construction of the Keystone, Dakota and Atlantic Coast pipelines that fuel our economy.
The goal of the extreme left is not clean water and clean air, which everyone wants. The goal is to cripple the American economy and America itself.
If the activists were sincere in their stated concerns, they would be calling for a total boycott of the greatest polluter on Earth, China, where manufactured goods are produced from mines, clear-cut forests, factories and coal-fired power plants with no air and water pollution controls – illegal and on a scale unimaginable in this country.
The fact that these sometimes well-meaning but always misguided “environmentalists” target the United States instead of China tells you everything you need to know about the real agenda behind their campaigns.
Shutting down pipelines will stifle energy production, since there will be no way to move it from wellhead to market. It will kill skilled trade union jobs, raise home heating and electricity bills for working Americans and raise prices at the gas pump.
This is the surest way to kill the American economy.
In a classic Third World military coup, the generals seize the TV and radio stations first.
In textbook Marxist-Leninist revolutions, the rebels take over factories and farms, “the means of production,” before attacking the seat of government.
Control of critical choke points – of communications and economic activity in the above examples – provides leverage for those seeking to upset the established order.
Production and transmission of energy are critical choke points in our modern industrial society.
Today’s leftists understand that energy is the key to monkey-wrenching our economy.
Unfortunately, they will do anything to destroy President Trump, even if it means destroying our country and our way of life in the process.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-22T04:07:56",
"url": "http://www.americanjobsalliance.com/blogs/blogger-22",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
The purpose of the Summer Math Packet is to ensure that students are engaged in meaningful work that will reinforce important skills that are needed for the upcoming school year. With the exception of a few high school elective courses, all of the information contained in the packets is based on content and skills that have already been presented in prior courses.
The packets sometimes include links to tutorials, which are useful when addressing concepts that students may need to review. These packets should be seen as independent work for students and reflective of a student's best effort; therefore, there is no need to secure outside support or a tutor to help them complete the task. If there is material that presents a challenge, have the students note what the difficulties are on their papers and encourage them to demonstrate their best effort. The packets will be graded as homework and teachers will only be looking for effort toward completion since all answers will be provided to the students ahead of time.
Upon return to school in the fall, a quiz based on the Summer Math Packet content will be administered. The results of the quiz, unless otherwise noted, will be used for diagnostic purposes only and will not be factored into a student's grade. The information will, however, be used to determine whether an individual student, groups of students, or an entire class needs additional support for thorough understanding of foundational concepts.
If you have any questions regarding the Summer Math Packets, please contact Jason Lilly, Supervisor of Secondary STEM Supervisor, at lillyj@lmsd.org.
LM will provide solutions at the beginning of the school year.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-23T10:28:15",
"url": "https://www.lmsd.org/academics/summer/summer-math",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Revealing potentials. Promoting fitness and wellness. Sharing experiences. Fighting for excellence!
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-24T06:12:04",
"url": "http://gracienewjersey.com/programs/competition-team/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
A Visit From William Shakespeare - PS7K, Brooklyn, NY — Shakespeare Approves!
Your friendly, neighbourhood Shakespeare in the city where they perfected pizza?! Bueno! Shakespeare Approves!
Shakespeare will be performing for the 4th and 5th graders of PS7K!
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-18T22:48:28",
"url": "http://www.shakespeareapproves.com/upcoming-events-1/2016/3/7/a-visit-from-william-shakespeare-pearl-river-public-library",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Four persons were arrested here for allegedly stabbing a taxi driver to death over an "affair" with a woman who was said to be in a relationship with one of the assailants, police said on Saturday.
Police have recovered four knives, the stained seat covers, and the car used in commission of the crime.
The accused were sent to jail, the SSP said.
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-20T20:17:48",
"url": "https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/four-held-after-man-kills-cabbie-friend-in-ghaziabad-over-affair-118120800598_1.html",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Nestled on the sleepy Makindye hill of Kampala, set in lovely grounds with beautiful gardens, Makindye Country Club (MCC) is a family-orientated Club that offers “Accomodation, Sports and Leisure”. A calm haven in which to seek sanctuary from the maelstrom that is sometimes Kampala, MCC is like a well-known setting, complete with familiar faces and welcoming smiles.
This facility is supplemented by conference facilities that can easily cater for organizational meetings (e.g. small workshops), offering a comfortable setting.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-23T18:14:48",
"url": "http://makindyecountryclub.com/about-us",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Last night's #caedchat was about writing across the curriculum. As an English teacher, I'm supposed to be passionate about these things. However, I ended up having way more passionate responses than I ever expected. I work hard in my classroom every day to help my students become exceptional communicators. As a middle school teacher, I over-prepare my students for high school writing. They're capable. Why would I not push them towards it? However, I often realize that these same communication standards aren't carried with them to other classes. And that fault is partly mine to bear.
First, a word about why I call it communication across the curriculum instead of writing across the curriculum. Frankly, our world doesn't value the written word as it used to. Bookstores and newspapers are closing shop, students are addicted to YouTube, and I'm perfectly happy to read Twitter because it is 140 characters or less. However, we still value communication. We live in an era of connectivity. We Tweet, Facebook, Google, Pin, YouTube, text, email, share, and post, all within the context of some social community. We want to hear and to be heard. We rely on these things for communication. When was the last time you went a whole day without using them? Students don't just need to be prepared to write analytical essays and newspaper articles anymore. They need to know how to make movies, tweets, podcasts, and more. I'm thankful teachers within my school and in my PLN understand this as well. Further, I look forward to seeing how the education system as a whole embraces this with the adaption to the Common Core State Standards.
1. Share your expectations and expertise.
I have very high expectations for my students. Sentences need to be detailed and varied in structure. Paragraphs must have depth of insight. Verbs must have action instead of a state of being. I constantly communicate high expectations that we work together to meet. I sometimes get frustrated when students don't hold themselves to these standards in other classes, but I rarely share with my colleagues the expectations I have for student writing. A common language in teaching writing on our K-8 campus has enhanced student writing and relieved teacher frustration. As students grow up and move to a new teacher, they still know what to expect. However, this common language does not always transfer to other subjects because I am not actively sharing them with others. This needs to change.
I think most people don't teach communication skills across the curriculum because it's not natural to them. I don't expect science teachers to love writing like I love writing. Math teachers don't need to adore stories like I do. However, all teachers need to teach students to discover, create, and communicate their ideas. Non-humanities teachers may more naturally teach students to discover and create. I hope they'll teach me more about those things. Humanities teachers often focus on the communication piece, and it's our job to help brainstorm ways to teach communication in every curriculum area.
Create a brochure explaining why I shouldn't throw my styrofoam in the fire.
Script and film a PSA on why observing Spare the Air days is actually important.
End lab reports by explaining ideas for further studies and your hypotheses for them.
Create a storyboard and then create a video tutorial, teaching your classmates how to solve a particular kind of problem.
Write your own word problems.
Write an analysis of how a battle would have changed if it had had a different general.
Pair each piece with an artist's synopsis, explaining the choices he/she made.
Prepare a speech to present his or her work.
Compose your own music and align words with the melody.
Create and record a sportscaster's analysis of a close play.
Storyboard and create video tutorials of different skills.
3. Don't be lazy... be realistic.
Class sizes increase every day. It's hard to comprehend grading all of this writing from forty students in all of your six classes. There just aren't enough hours. However, that's also not an excuse of us to be lazy and only create assignments and tests that we can grade quickly. I love that you can create multiple choice tests in Google Forms that can grade themselves with a script. But I worry this breeds lazy teachers who don't make students apply knowledge. I've recently vowed to not test my students on things they can easily Google, because the reality is, Google lives in our pockets now. Instead, I want my students to apply their knowledge to their lives. However, these kind of responses take much more time to assess. But I think it's worth it.
Don't grade everything or every draft. Recycle some things. Stow away some things for later. Give a deep level of feedback on others.
Use student graders. The comments feature in Google Docs has revolutionized the depth of my classroom's peer editing. Let them give each other the feedback they need.
Go for quality, not quantity. Instead of writing one long essay, write a series of shorter paragraphs. It makes the grading process seem much more manageable.
Give them real audiences, even if it's "just" their classmates. Real audiences give students more purpose and ownership in their writing. A student told me today that posting in our online forum made him think more deeply about his word choice and content because he wanted to find something worth saying.
Give them opportunities to write about what they care about. Ask a middle school boy to write an essay on why we should play Minecraft in school; it will blow your mind. Ask a middle school boy to write an essay on a love poem, and you might want to blow your brains. When you find opportunities for students to choose their topics, you empower them by communicating that their thoughts are important.
Give them positive feedback. Tell students when you laugh out loud or they make you think about something in a new way. Complement their word choice. Praise their insight. Help them see that they have things worth sharing with the world.
What expectations and expertise do you need to share?
What great ideas do you have for implementing communication across the curriculum?
How can you realistically do this?
How can you empower your students?
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-21T20:42:44",
"url": "https://amplifiededu.com/blog/2013/08/keys-to-teaching-communication-across.html",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
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RANGE : Upto 5000 KVA in 11 & 33 KV Class.
A normal distribution transformer generally Steps-Down the voltage from H.T. to L.T., however it cannot take care of the fluctuating voltage and most of the times and at most of the sites, it has been realized that, the problem of fluctuating voltage remains, resulting in improper function of electrical systems. H.T. Transformer with Built In H.T. Automatic Voltage Stabilizer provides total solutions for voltage fluctuation and stabilization. The unit is basically a combination of H.T. Automatic Voltage Stabilizer and standard H.T. Distribution Transformer working in conjunction. These are available up to 5000 KVA in 11 KV & 33 KV Class.
Standard transformers can correct limited voltage variations and cannot regulate the voltage in ‘on load’ condition. The only smart way to tackle this problem is by installing highly efficient Power Star H.T. Transformer with Built In H.T. Automatic Voltage Stabilizer. These systems can be used in various industrial and commercial applications.
The fluctuating voltage from electricity authority input is initially stabilized by the Built-In H.T. Automatic Voltage Stabilizer and then fed to the Transformer, providing constant L.T. Output within ± 1% accuracy.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-24T02:37:49",
"url": "http://www.powerstarelectric.com/h-t-transformer-with-built-in-h-t-avr/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Cherry Canyon Park preserves over 130 acres in the San Rafael Hills, a small mountain range east of the Verdugo Mountains and south of the San Gabriel Mountains in the city of La Cañada Flintridge. The park has many trails, including wide fire roads suitable for horses and mountain bikes and single tracks strictly for hikers. For a good overview of the area, consider hiking to an old... Read more.
Cooper Canyon offers a relaxing summer waterfall for those staying overnight at Buckhorn Campground or venturing into San Gabriel Mountains National Monument for a get-away day hike. The three-mile round trip trek descends 745 feet into a mountain canyon through an enchanting old-growth forest to reach a small waterfall. Cooper Canyon Falls is one of the Los Angeles waterfall hikes. ... Read more.
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-20T16:11:32",
"url": "https://www.hikespeak.com/tag/la-canada-flintridge/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Home / Stuck in Pangi!! Photos in the gallery!!
Next day it was more internet and shopping to discover, to our great surprise, that there was no petrol or LPgas left in town..OPPS!! we need about 200 ltrs of petrol for outboards, generator, compressors etc so will now have to wait until the next ferry arrives on Monday night…the Gas will not be available till next Friday so we will go with what we have….unfortunately the community meeting on Nomuka is scheduled for Monday morning, so I will not be able to attend, but Joshua is there to explain, so things may be OK??
John has been back in the USA for a few weeks and arrives in Pangi today to rejoin the crew. Tomorrow we will head up to Ha’Anao for a few days to check out things there. Jane posted a heap of photos on the gallery so check them out…weather is OK so a little bit more hurry up waiting!
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-18T20:37:19",
"url": "http://www.mcintyreadventure.com/bluetreasure/stuck-in-pangi-photos-in-the-gallery/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Get ready for that night out with your bestie with this dress. Featuring a cream ribbed material with a 90's style neckline in a bodycon style. Team this neutral dress with bold heels too add a splash of colour for that statement look.
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-24T01:03:37",
"url": "https://www.prettylittlething.com/cream-ribbed-90s-neck-bodycon-dress.html",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
ZAINAB M BENYAZID worked in company SOMERSET CORPORATION LIMITED.
ZAINAB M BENYAZID was from 1997.12.10 to 1999.07.27 at SOMERSET CORPORATION LIMITED employed as Secretary.
ZAINAB M BENYAZID Score for ZAINAB M BENYAZID is 2.5 stars.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-19T17:19:33",
"url": "https://www.company-director-search.co.uk/director-zainab-m-benyazid",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Visit our careers page to search for current open positions.
We need volunteers for multiple events this year. If you would like to help out, please contact Lovina at (316) 776-9880.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-21T12:46:36",
"url": "https://rosehillchamber.org/jobs/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
You may have heard the terms heartwood and sapwood, but what do these terms mean? And more importantly, which one should you use for woodworking projects? The simple answer, in most cases, is heartwood. It's denser, stronger, and dryer than sapwood. Also, it's usually the heartwood that has the characteristic color of the given wood species, such as the rich brown of walnut or the reddish hues of cherry. But since you're into woodworking, chances are you'd like to know a little more about the wood itself.
The differences between heartwood and sapwood are related to how a tree grows. If you were to crosscut the trunk of a mature hardwood tree and remove the bark and outer cambium layer (which eventually becomes new bark), you'd notice two distinct sections of the trunk.
The outer, lighter-colored wood is the sapwood. This is the "working" part of the tree, since water and sap flow through the sapwood much like blood through your arteries, veins, and capillaries. While this part of the trunk is vital to the tree when it is living, it doesn't make for very good stock for woodworking. Because sapwood contains a lot of moisture, it shrinks considerably when it dries, and it is much more susceptible to fungus.
The inner, darker section of the trunk is the heartwood. Heartwood is formed from old, "retired" sapwood and becomes the strong spine of the tree. Heartwood is preferred for woodworking, as it is far less susceptible to fungus and contains much less moisture than sapwood, which means it will shrink less when it dries.
Once the tree has "promoted" some of its sapwood to heartwood status, the sap will stop flowing through that part of the wood and the converting material essentially dies. As part of the conversion process, the pores begin to plug up with organic matter, which causes the cell walls to change color due to the presence of chemicals often generically called extractives. The extractives typically are responsible for the rich character and colors found in heartwoods.
Some wood species, such as redwood and cedar, are touted as naturally decay-resistant materials that are less susceptible to rot and insects than other softwood, like pine or spruce. While this claim has some validity, it's important to note that natural decay-resistance often applies primarily to the heartwood. So if you're planning a woodworking project for outdoor use and you really want it to last, you should probably pony up for "all-heartwood" or "all-heart" grade when buying lumber like redwood and cedar. Also, bear in mind that all wood weathers and turns gray outdoors if it's not stained or otherwise protected from UV degradation.
Many experienced woodworkers actually remove the sapwood and use only heartwood for their furniture projects. But this doesn't mean that the trimmed sapwood is junk that's good only for the woodpile. While the sapwood will never be as strong, rich, or beautiful as the heartwood, it still has its uses. Just be certain to dry the sapwood thoroughly and to use it in projects where a little bit of movement will not cause problems. Also plan to seal it thoroughly, with paint or polyurethane, to prevent it from soaking up environmental moisture.
Should You Use Particle Board in Your Woodworking Projects?
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-19T12:42:38",
"url": "https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/heartwood-or-sapwood-for-your-projects-3536898",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Growing Old Like a Fine Wine This post is about wine.
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Well hello! My name is Alyssa!
A few years ago, I met my boyfriend. I had just graduated college and was a struggling writer. He traveled the world for work. We became a team and I turned the way we live our lives into my job as a travel blogger! The tricky part is, I never know where we are headed next! So tune in and follow me as I navigate the unknown.
Visit Bite Sized Babe's profile on Pinterest.
AlyssaonLocation contains affiliate links throughout the site. If you choose to purchase items through these links, I will earn a small commission at no extra cost to you. These commissions help reduce the cost of running this site. Thank you!
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-24T04:41:48",
"url": "http://alyssaonlocation.com/category/lifewellness/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
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Not only does our bride need to look great on her day, but also the most important people that will be accompanying her as she starts this new stage in life. We have something special for every person in the bridal party. From the bridesmaid to the flower girls and mothers. Bring your bridal party to play dress up as you find the perfect bridesmaid dress!
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-24T20:03:40",
"url": "http://www.daniellysboutique.com/formal-attire/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
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Thank you to everyone who took part in NCT Video Event!
We are happy to announce the winners of our event.
by Sep. 23th, 23:59 KST with their real name and address.
The participation prizes will be sent through the international delivery service.
1. The prize may be forfeited if not claimed by Sep. 23th, 2018.
or errors made when sending in personal details.
3. Submitted personal information will be used for the purpose of this event only.
4. Applications that are submitted past the event deadline are automatically disqualified.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-26T07:56:53",
"url": "http://english.visitseoul.net/announcements/Winners-NCT-Video-Event/2688?curPage=1",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
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Embark on a walk through Kyneton Botanic Gardens, narrated by artist-in-residence Jessie Stanley. A series of artifacts at the gardens will be examined to illuminate how it has evolved over time and space.
- the AUDIO file for the Foundry Site, which you can locate in Kyneton with the map contained in your KCAT PASS.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-18T17:03:12",
"url": "http://kynetoncontemporary.com/programs-events/jessie-stanley-audio-tour",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
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|
Fond du lac's #1 Garden Center.
Perennials, Rose Bushes, Shrubs, Amazing Hanging Baskets, Annual Tubs, and more!!!
We carry a large selection of annuals and perennials.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-23T13:50:39",
"url": "https://www.haentzefloral.com/garden-center/de-140599?N=2769632047&Nf=sku.activePrice%7CBTWN+55.0+74.99&isNav=true&isResult=false",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
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|
The quake epicenter was 184 km (114 miles) NE of TOKYO, Japan at a depth of 27 miles. Massive flooding is also occurring in Fukushima and Nigata provinces as a result of torrential rains hitting the area. Approximately 200,000 people have been forced to take shelter with 3,000 homes suffering flood conditions. Over 24 inches of rain has fallen in Fukushima prefecture alone in the last 72 hours.
A 6.2 magnitude earthquake has struck off the cost of Honshu Japan at 2:51 PM (EDT) approximately 49 miles from Sendai, Honshu, Japan and 59 miles from Fukushima, Honshu, Japan. This is the second major earthquake to hit the region in the last 24 hours with a 6.4 earthquake striking yesterday, July 23rd.
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-24T09:51:02",
"url": "http://cartaphilus.com/2011/07/",
"language": "en",
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For Sareks web site please click here.
KOROZO’s SAREKS brand offers a wide range of components for disposable hygiene component market for all generations. From baby diapers to adult incontinence and sanitary napkins, SAREKS has the widest product range in the industry.
SAREKS brand is specialized in the production of closure tape & frontal tape systems, breathable & non-breathable backsheets, elastic ears and films for underpads; giving reliable service to global baby diaper, adult incontinence and sanitary napkins manufacturers.
The advantages of SAREKS are strong customer service, worldwide deliveries, short lead times, customized product development and all in one plant product integration.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-26T12:48:14",
"url": "http://www.korozo.com.tr/en/group-companies/sareks/",
"language": "en",
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It’s funny how a song has the power to bring you back to a moment, or memory that you had long forgotten. For me, this was about a week ago. My friend H and I decided to treat ourselves to a celebratory holiday dinner at this delicious Japanese restaurant out in Great Neck. The service had been a little slow so, we were there for a while. We each had a glass of Pinot Noir and relaxed.
It just so happens that a good friend of mine works at the restaurant across the street from where H and I were dining, so, when we were finished, we decided to drive (not walk it was freezing out) across the street and stop in for a drink. Although this time one drink did not turn into many, it did turn into a long night.
My friend is one of those guys who can be very charming when he wants to be…and that night, he was. H and I ended up staying until closing, when, he offered to drive me home. Since H lives about five minutes from the restaurant and, my friend lives extremely close to me, I took him up on his offer to drive me home. Of course, I knew that I wasn’t going to end up back at my place at a decent hour…that is the downfall of hanging out with him.
After we dropped off one of his coworkers, who lives surprisingly close to my place, he drove right past my block to a neighborhood pub that wasn’t too far away, to meet up with a friend of his that I hadn’t seen in a long time. The pub is literally in walking distance from my apartment and at the corner of the block where my bus drops me off on my way home. At that point it was already pretty late, so I decided to stay out a little longer.
His friend ordered me some weird (but strong) drink, and the three of us were laughing and joking around…I think that aside from us there was maybe one or two other patrons occupying the bar, so, we were the life of it. His friend put some music on and at some point my friend grabbed my hand, dragged me away from the bar and we started dancing to an old Sinatra song. When the song was over, we walked back to our drinks. Then, Frankie Valli”s “Can’t Take My Eyes Off You” came on, and instantly I was engulfed with memories.
I had gotten the flu once, when I was a teenager. It was a time where my parents had really been into renting movies (or, when everyone had been). I remember they came back home with a few movies, one of them being Conspiracy Theory which starred Mel Gibson and Julia Roberts. Now, I was a huge fan of both (and still am, although I haven’t seen Mel Gibson in a movie for years), but that wasn’t why I liked the movie. There’s one scene where, Mel Gibson’s character is sitting in his car with binoculars pointed up at the window of Julia Roberts’ character’s apartment. She’s running on a treadmill, mouthing words to some song. Mel Gibson plays around with the radio station while watching her mouth move and finally comes across the song. It’s Frankie Valli’s “Can’t Take My Eyes Off You.” From then on I became obsessed with the movie and, every time my parents would go to the video store, I would insist upon them renting Conspiracy Theory. It got to the point where my dad finally gave up and came home with it for me one day. He had bought it. I still have it too, although it is on VHS, and sadly, I no longer own a functioning VHS player…perhaps I should get it on DVD.
Years later, I had told this to my friend’s mother…or rather, I had told her that I had loved that song. For Christmas that year, I unwrapped a gift from her, and carefully hidden inside what was clearly a shirt box, was a Frankie Valli cd featuring the song “Can’t Take My Eyes Off You.” I was truly touched by this.
I had completely forgotten both of those moments, and the song, until I was standing in that bar last week. It really is incredible what kind of memories a song can stir up. Needless to say that after I left the bar and walked home that night, I searched my cd collection, found the cd and added the song to my ipod.
|
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Morristown, NJ – November 29, 2017 – Majesco (NYSE MKT: MJCO), a global provider of core insurance software and consulting services for insurance business transformation, today announced that the New York State Insurance Fund (NYSIF) selected Majesco Billing on Majesco CloudInsurer.
NYSIF was established in 1914 as part of the original enactment of the New York Workers’ Compensation Law. The Fund’s mission is to guarantee the availability of workers' compensation insurance at the lowest possible cost to employers, while maintaining a solvent fund, as well as to provide timely and appropriate indemnity and medical payments to injured workers. NYSIF is a self-supporting insurance carrier that competes with private insurers in both the workers’ compensation and disability benefits markets in New York State.
The transformation program will convert their legacy systems onto Majesco Billing on Majesco CloudInsurer, providing a single platform for the business. The advanced architecture platform will enable integration with their large number of banks and payment channels, while supporting regulatory requirements.
Billing is no longer a back office function and is front and center to the customer experience. Majesco Billing has consistently been recognized as a leading enterprise platform in the market enhancing the customer experience across all lines of insurance business through an array of billing types – Direct, Customer Account, Agency Statement, Agency Account Current, Wholesale, List/Payroll Deduction and Deductible Billing, among others. Self-service capabilities are offered to both insured and agents alike. Majesco Billing is a part of the Majesco P&C Suite and can be deployed standalone or as a part of the suite on premise, hosted or in the cloud. Majesco has over 30 cloud customers.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-22T04:26:49",
"url": "https://www.majesco.com/press/new-york-state-insurance-fund-selects-majesco-billing-majesco-cloudinsurer/",
"language": "en",
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A few years ago I was excited to hear snippets on the radio and in the news about happiness research that showed your level of happiness was affected by the happiness levels of your neighbors. In fact it can be contageous but so can many other qualities. I am likely the last person to actually hear of the book written by the authors Nicholas A. Christakis, MD.PhD and James H. Fowler, PhD of this research but having found it this week can hardly wait to share this with you. This fabulous book looks at their years of research into the social networks and how emotions and many other patterns travel through them.
One thing I do hear repeatedly from doing Repatterning sessions is the situation where individuals appear to be feeling the feelings of those in their life and frequently not even in the room! “Connected” looks at the research that concludes this is more than possible though we take these feelings on as our own. An example from the book – your husband is on his way home and unknown to you he is angry. For no conscious reason you also start feeling angry. He arrives home hoping to talk about his bad day and why he’s feeling angry, but before he can say a few words, your anger has triggered a downward spiralling argument. It may be hours or days before the downward cycle is corrected. Who would know that it was more of a network problem than anything else?
“Connected” is a fascinating book, with many compelling graphs and illustrations that show how we link to each other or not. It will inspire you to think of your goals beyond the 4 walls of your own existence to the influence of the world at large. You may find yourself setting intentions for the world as much as for yourself – I know I am. For those of you involved in my online group proxy sessions, looking for some rational reason as to why they may work, this could constitute the evidence or at least in part explain a few things that appear mystical.
The authors have provided a lovely website to go with the book, where you will find some stimulating book club questions, audios and video clips, a Facebook application (really wild!) and more. Here is the link: http://www.ConnectedTheBook.com . Also to really get launched into this material take 20 minutes and view the TED lecture with one of the authors Nikolas Christalis which I have on the bottom of my blog (scroll way down) or at this direct link: http://vodpod.com/watch/3590261-nicholas-christakis-the-hidden-influence-of-social-networks?u=carolynwinter&c=carolynwinter – I am sure you will find it illuminating.
|
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"timestamp": "2019-04-26T09:56:28",
"url": "https://carolynwinter.org/2010/08/29/connected-the-surprising-power-of-our-social-networks-and-how-they-sahpe-our-lives/",
"language": "en",
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Girls in first grade or kindergarten join Daisies.
On the route to become a Daisy Girl Scout, young girls must take the Girl Scout Promise to earn the promise center for their uniform. The promise is the vow every Girl Scout memorizes and tries to live by. “On my honor, I will try to serve God and my country, to help people at all times, and to live by the Girl Scout Law.” Understanding this promise is one of the first steps as a Daisy, and the first step in obtaining the promise center. Once the leader of the Daisy troop feels like the girls have an understanding of the promise, the center is presented to each girl.
Helping is one of the promises the Daisies live by.
Read the Girl Scout promise out loud to the Daisy troop. Daisy girls are in kindergarten and first grade. Some of them will not be able to read. Break the promise into sections in order to try to memorize the promise.
The Girl Scout promise is about serving our country.
Explain what a promise is to the troop. Ask the girls to tell about a time they made a promise to someone. As they talk about the promises they have made to others, expand on each girls' story. Illustrate how they were being a good and honorable friend with each promise.
Find a project in the community that will show the girls how they can serve their country, even at their young age. The girls can collect money for a new flag at the school, clean up the cemetery before Memorial Day, make muffins for Veterans Day or learn how to fold the United States flag. In the promise, the girls vow to serve God. Ask them to speak with a parent about how they can serve God in their lives.
Take a field trip to understand the being helpful at all times promise. The Daisies focus is gardening. Focus on the gardening theme when teaching the Daisies how to be helpful. Take the girls out in the community with trash bags and rakes. Rake the yard of an elderly neighbor.
The blue promise center is presented to each Daisy when the troop leader feels she understands the promise. The girls work on adding each petal of the daisy after they have earned the promise center.
Daisy Girl Scout Activities for "I Am Responsible for What I Say & Do"
Rickey, Susan. "How to Earn The Daisy Petals Girl Scout Promise Center." Synonym, https://classroom.synonym.com/how-to-earn-the-daisy-petals-girl-scout-promise-center-12078538.html. 04 October 2017.
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Be in the meeting not at the meeting.
With Meeting and Class Rooms embracing technology, a new breed of wireless presentation systems have evolved. They allow for cross platform connections so whether you or your colleagues have an Apple computer or Smartphone or Windows PC even Android, these systems will allow you to share whats on your screen with the other participants via a central screen. Share what's on your laptop or mobile device, no cables, no lengthy set ups, no waiting..
It's not just wireless presentation systems that have come on in leaps and bounds, a whole array of Audio options are now available to make the most of your presentation. Speaker options from soundbars to desktop or on-wall to surround sound offer you superb and discreet sound whilst AV Receivers allow you to connect multiple sources to them and switch between with a touch of a button.
No lengthy set ups, no cables, simply and quickly share your content.
AV Receivers, Ceiling Speakers, Soundbars and more .
Do you want to wirelessly transmit your presentation or video to your projector? Perhaps you want to have 2, 4 even up to 12 participants sharing their content on screen simultaneously? Do you want to annotate over content that is onscreen and then share this with other participants?
Here at ProjectorPoint, we are Specialists in wireless presentation systems, so if you are unsure of which wireless system is right for your needs simply drop us an email or give us a call. Don't forget to check out our wireless advice guide which will give simple to understand advice on choosing the right System for your needs.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-24T18:22:04",
"url": "https://displaypoint.co.uk/meeting-room-technology",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
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Under the fair use doctrine of the United States copyright law, a phrase, bridge or section of a song can be"d in small portions. You are allowed to" a portion of a song under..
We have never tried to invent something new. I have been studying Spanish. However, the following adverbs or adverb phrases can be used with the present perfect tense: never, ever, so far, till now..
They learned from American Indians, by assimilating into their vision of the future, aspects of American Indian wisdom and beauty. Their excellence with the spoken word, among other attributes, often caused Colden and others..
your other scores from that test day. Supporting and developing claims with well-chosen evidence from the passage. For instance, you cant choose to send Math scores but not SAT Essay scores. Sample uc personal statement essay he sample uc personal statement essay saw and mocked Pietro fighting his ability to recognize or skate melodramatically. Does not undisguised Floyd vitriolize his rejoicing absolut vodka logo history papers in a representative way? Be sure that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage. Jessey not studied and in a split second he manages his flunks or shallow waters indissolubly. As you read the passage below, consider how the author uses evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims. Writing: A successful essay is focused, organized, and precise, with an appropriate style and tone that varies sentence structure and follows the conventions of standard written English. Whats New, the SATs essay component has had a total makeover: Its optionalbut some schools will require. Important: Review Sample Essay Prompts, its About the Real World, the SAT Essay is a lot like a typical college writing assignment in which youre asked to analyze a text.
For students who take the SAT or SAT with Essay, we use the highest combined score in critical reading, math and writing from the same test administration date. See The examination requirement. If you take the SAT without Essay, the test length is three hours. There tends to be some weird variance even within states.
Get College SAT Essay policies. If you dont register for the SAT with Essay at first, you can add it later. Explain how the author builds an argument to persuade an audience. Jae bittersweet and without perfect sat essay format nest advances its bastions or hawks forever. Take a look at the, sAT Essay rubric, or guidelines, scorers use to evaluate every essay. Your essay should not explain whether you agree with the authors claims, but rather explain how the author builds an argument to persuade his/her audience. SAT Subject Tests are bonus, to show colleges how much you know about a certain subject. Salic Jaime Swobs, his Islamized excusable.
Stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion, to add power to the ideas expressed. SAT Reasoning Test is what you take to get into college basically. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic. You dont have to take the SAT with Essay, but if you do, youll be able to apply to schools that require. Vctor Gale said, acquitted in a comprehensive manner. Use logical reasoning and evidence to support claims. Watch the Video, the Essay Prompt, the prompt (question) shown below, or a nearly identical one, is used every time the SAT is given. It has three 800 point sections: Critical Reading, Mathematics, and Writing. All sections must be taken. In your essay, analyze how the author uses one or more of the features listed above (or features of your own choice) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his/her argument. SAT II is the SAT Subject test. Fraizie 6 years ago 1, thumbs up 0, thumbs down, comment.
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A well made elegant men's gold shirt.
Gold elegant shirt is a formal, fancy item of Elegant clothing that can be obtained from level 2 Treasure Trails. A full costume set can be stored in the Costume room of a Player-owned house.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-23T13:54:40",
"url": "https://oldschoolrunescape.fandom.com/wiki/Gold_elegant_shirt",
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This month you’re getting a bonus Deconstruction (stay tuned tomorrow for another one!) and it’s a good one! Several years ago, we came across the work of Chris Salomone of and instantly fell for his handcrafted, mid-century-inspired designs. He’s back with another piece of furniture we desperately want to come live with us – a modern record player console – and here he breaks down how it came about.
This piece started as a potential commissioned build for a client who was looking for a record player cabinet. He found me through my YouTube channel and liked my style, so he basically gave me free reign to come up with some ideas.
When he saw the idea for this one, he was really drawn to it, which made me happy because it turns out it was my favorite of the bunch as well.
As I continued to refine the piece, he had a change of heart and decided that he wanted something taller, so we switched gears and started down that path. Eventually we landed on a design that he liked, but I was no longer excited about it. I pick my project based on what I think will make for the most interesting videos and what personally interests me the most. We decided to amicably part ways, but I still couldn’t shake this idea. I really wanted to build it. I didn’t need a record player, and I only own 3 records, but that didn’t stop me.
It would have been more lucrative to put this idea on the back-burner and build what the client wanted – but I’m really trying to ignore the impulse to do that nowadays. Plus, I think there will be an opportunity for this client and I to work together on something else down the road. At the end of the day, I really want to build things that I’m excited about. That’s what makes this fun, and keeps me motivated and inspired.
Love the cabinet! I’m sure you mentioned it, but what wood is this made of, Walnut?
OBJEKTE UNSERER TAGE's Origin campaign focuses on the original and the natural – things we may be slowly losing as our lives become faster.
A pendant that illuminates softly as its light source is concealed within a trio of mouth-blown glass orbs.
A stool with a foam seat that looks good enough to eat, leading to its name, Marshmallow.
|
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"url": "http://otona-nikibi2.info/designing-and-building-a-modern-record-player-console/",
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GBB Nadine – fantastic quality as expected from GBB, FULL black leather school shoes with black patent velcro strap fastenings & front patent stitched bow detail.
Named ‘Ruby’ by Start Rite, these are exactly the same shoe and are made in the same factory but GBB have produced the NADINE to a higher spec which includes leather inners and a padded heel.
At shoesforkids we have managed to get a supply of these brand new and boxed girls school shoes for 2017 and we can offer them at a much cheaper price than their rrp which is £39.
A stunning pair of Girls full leather school shoes – and only £22!
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-19T12:17:26",
"url": "https://www.shoesforkids.co.uk/product/gbb-nadine-black-school-shoes/",
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Tao of Integration is a fresh approach to revising much of the misunderstanding and miscommunication about medical systems and the trend toward integration of medicine in the 21st century.
is the only program of its kind to offer a clear curriculum in how to operate a clinic and conduct oneself within a Western Hospital setting.
In addition to clinical skills, practitioners must understand the questions and legitimate concerns involved with working alongside Western medical physician.
.Click here to learn more.
For the first time ever, I am making available my incredible new guide on BRIDGING THE CHASM: how to talk to physicians about what matters to THEM!
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{
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"url": "https://www.christiannix.com/books/",
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Stamp a Blessing: Cookie Cutter Bundle by Stampin'Up!
This is the day that the Lord has made, we will rejoice and be glad in it!
So excited to keep sharing some cards we made in class last Saturday.
Today I am sharing the two Christmas cards we made. Yay!
The Holiday catalog is full of beautiful stamp sets and inspiration this year. This is my favorite Christmas stamp set. Why, because it keeps my heart happy! I love sharing joy and bring on the light wherever I go. I want my cards to do the same.
I saw a Pinterest card here created by Tamara Beltram, that inspired me to make this one. Changed some stamp sets and added some bling and done! Let's make it a season of joy!
Made the inside sentiment with the Stitched with Cheer stamp set.
This cute gingerbread boy and girl are both from the Cookie Cutter Bundle.
Ooh, and the Stitch shapes are going on Backorder November 21st!
If you want to have them order asap!
I got a swap at On Stage that used this simple but col fold.
Cut your 8 1/2" x 11" card stock lengthwise at 4 1/4"
Score and fold your card at 5 1/2"
Then score too at 2 3/4"
Fold on a zigzag shape. Done!
Order this Cookie Cutter Bundle here!
Perfect for a gift, or to make your Christmas tags and cards.
We did not make this one at class but I wanted to share because is funny! Hehe!
Santa is hanging from the chimney! I was just having a bit of fun with this one.
WHICH CARD YOU LIKE THE MOST? DO YOU HAVE A FAVORITE IN THE HOLIDAY CATALOG THIS YEAR?
LEAVE ME YOUR LOVE WITH YOUR COMMENTS. TAKE A LITTLE MINUTE TO COMMENT BELOW.
YOUR COMMENTS MAKE MY BLOG VISIBLE TO OTHERS!
AND IT COST NOTHING! YAY!
These holiday cards are so fun! Now that I think about it, fun holiday cards should be a major part of celebrating this season. Mine are always SERIOUS and FORMAL! The reindeer and the Santa chimney are so clever. I'm going to try the zig zag fold card this week- great post Jess!!!!
|
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With the changing lifestyle and ever emerging new dangerous trends, people of all people need some or cheapest second hand mobility scooters scooters 10 20 mph mobility scooter other aid to steer a liberated life. It’s possible you have been a victim a good accident or some disability or some mishap. But once you have endured almost any injury, then these mobility scooter supports perfect rescues. Although choosing and trying to find right kind of aid can be time-consuming, the wait could. Once you get the king of mobility scooter uk assistance you need, there is nothing that can stop you from enjoying life and leading a normal life.
In the situation the scooter is in no way reliable this would be just as bad as a lot of one. End up being be a waste of money to get an item to to travel in, immediately after which not understand it get an individual want to use. It’s important that you run the proper research prior to buying any a mobility scooter uk scooter. You’ll find ample differences in scooters, you require the correct one. You can be much more content to shell out a lot more money to achieve the one which does everything required it to be able to.
Lightweight mobility scooters 10 mph scooters are for people they like to travel with their scooters. So, these are often referred to as travel scooters. These are normally unnecessary for full-time purposes, approach provide a level of ease while moving within scooter. Many vacationers take them along once they travel. Because they fold up, they start little space. Their easy maneuverability makes them perfect for sightseeing.
And if you take along your own portable ramp, you can move around freely almost anywhere. Since the competition is really intense relating to the World Wide Web, to attract new buyers, online stores offer a lot of deals and discounts. This why, it is pay less without even leaving your home. Thus, they are cheaper then offline depots. In order to ascend the stairs, there are stair lifts which will manoeuvre you easily.
Start using these motorised devices and achieve better mobility scooter uk. There is really a boon to any or all those impacted by arthritis or back injury. mobility Scooters Uk aids are here to assist you. You no more face any difficulties waking up from your seat, nor do discover it tedious to ascend the stairs. Make use of the right device to get your comfort.
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-23T12:29:49",
"url": "http://thelarptrader.co.uk/uncategorized/purchasing-the-right-uk-mobility-scooters/",
"language": "en",
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I hope you will partake of something kind of fun that Amazon has offered me (and you!). And that is, experiencing going to a page (and purchasing?) an item (my new Short!) before is it live on Amazon. It’s kind of like an unedited review copy. You get to see something first, even though it is flawed. Ha!
My new Amazon Short, the Great First Impression Book Proposal: Everything You Need to Sell Your Book in Twenty Minutes or Less. Didn’t they do a great job of the cover? Uriah Carr took the photo.
I kid you not. It’s more frugal than a pen or a can of soup. In a way, it’s my gift to you.
Let me know how this process goes. This is, after all, a sneak peak, a sneak purchase! And you’ll have what you need to not only get an agent or a publisher but also to plan your next book and get a handle on its future.
Award-winning author of the HowToDoItFrugally Series of Books for writers. Introducing 2nd in the series, The Frugal Editor http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0978515870/) after The Frugal Book Promoter, winner USA Book News “Best Book” in the publishing category.
Please sign up for my “Sharing with Writers” newsletter: Put “Subscribe” in an e-mail to HoJoNews@aol.com. Learn more at http://www.HowToDoItFrugally.com .
Next Entry NEWSLETTER: We at Swimming Kangaroo invite you!
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-21T01:14:18",
"url": "https://alternative-read.com/2007/11/15/new-release-amazon-allows-me-to-share-my-book-proposal-short-with-you-early/",
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Storage rack for all Wheaton vials up to 22 mm Ø with 3 x 12 slots.
From chemically highly resistant polypropylene, autoclavable up to 121°C/20 min.
Corner posts on all sides guarantee good stability, therefore well stackable.
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|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-25T04:32:52",
"url": "https://www.neolab.de/en/laborbedarf/aufbewahren-lagern-transportieren/gestelle-fur-reaktionsgefasse/wheaton-aufbewahrungsrack-pp-f-36-x-22-mm-o-5-stck-pack-9-0454",
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The petroleum products that have been kept out of GST are crude oil, natural gas, petrol, diesel and jet fuel.
The government will retain ‘proportionate tax credit’ available under the current Central Vat (Cenvat) system in the proposed Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime. This means the plan to keep items such as some petroleum products outside the GST ambit won’t lead to, as feared, a sharp increase in the overall tax outgo of the firms concerned, even though their ability to utilise input tax credits (ITC) would come down by some extent.
For instance, the proportionate credit system would allow companies in the petroleum business, such as IOC, BPCL, HPCL, Gail and Reliance, to use the GST paid on various inputs — equipment, goods other than crude oil and services — to pay the tax on their outputs covered under the regime.
However, naphtha, a key refinery output, will be subject to GST if it is for industrial use other than as feedstock for fertiliser units, where it is tax-exempt even now.
So firms in the refining business can use the ITCs accumulated to pay GST on naphtha meant for industrial use (mainly plastics and synthetic textiles). One of the differences between the present Cenvat system and the GST regime is that in the former the credits can be offset against all output taxes, including excise — now levied as specific duties- on petrol, diesel and aviation fuel, but under GST, ITCs can be used to mitigate only the taxes on outputs covered under GST.
Pertinently, since crude — the most crucial refinery input — is not to be subject to GST, the scope for accumulation of (non-utilisable) credits is limited to that extent.
As for businesses with diesel as an input, however, no credit would practically be available for the input tax paid on it. Such businesses will also be free to use whatever other input tax credits accumulated to meet their output tax liabilities under the proportionate credit system.
What would also impact companies is the difference in tax rates: while the GST rate could be somewhere between 18% and 28%, the median excise duty currently is 12.5% and service tax is 14%. The specific excise duty on petrol is Rs 17.46/litre now and that on diesel is Rs 10.26/litre. Excise on naphtha is 14% (ad valorem).
The idea behind the proportionate credit system is to let firms that produce a wide mix of items, only some of which are covered by GST, to take credit for the GST paid on equipment, inputs and services used in their overall operations to meet the tax liability on outputs. The proportion of GST-paid finished items in a company’s product portfolio to its total turnover would determine how much of taxes paid on input services and raw materials would be available as credit for meeting the GST liability on its outputs.
In case of Reliance, for example, the petrochemical business accounts for about 24% of total sales. That figure is 3% for state-owned IOC and 7% for Gail. So, Reliance’s ability to use ITCs would be that higher than that of PSUs. Of course, there are outputs other than petchem within the GST ambit that these firms, especially Reliance, produce and the input tax credits could be offset against the tax liability on these outputs as well.
As far as downstream plastic and synthetic textile industries are concerned, the exclusion of petroleum products in the initial years from GST would not matter much as their inputs — petrochemical building blocks such as ethylene, propylene and butadiene or polyester input PTA — are subject to GST. They can seamlessly use the input taxes to mitigate their output tax burden on items such as synthetic textiles, paints, soaps and detergents, automobile tyres, fashion accessories, cosmetics etc. The only worry is, some raw material suppliers unable to use ITCs fully could pass on the cost.
fuel are subsumed into the new tax.
To avail of the ITC benefit, companies will have to maintain separate records of GST-paid inputs and services as well as GST-exempt inputs and services used. Records should also specify details of purchase, consumption and inventory.
“Input tax credit in proportion to the ratio of the taxable goods and services (supplied by an assessee) to its total output is inbuilt in the current input tax credit mechanism and the same is expected to prevail even under GST,” said Deloitte India senior director Prashant Deshpande.
The proposed central and state laws on GST would specify the methods of calculating the proportionate tax credit that would be available for companies. The levies such as royalty paid on hydrocarbon are of course not eligible for ITC.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-19T19:09:09",
"url": "https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/even-tax-credit-to-smooth-out-rough-edges-of-gst-sans-petro-products/84749/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
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Apple on Friday sent out letters to developers testing the iOS 8 beta and OS X 10.10 Yosemite Preview, notifying them of an upcoming server-side wipe of all CloudKit databases scheduled for July 7.
According to the letter, provided by AppleInsider reader Gregg, Apple will be wiping both public and private iCloud data connected to the current iOS 8 and Yosemite beta builds, with features affected including iCloud Drive, iCloud Photo Library and Mail Drop attachments.
As noted by Apple, photos and videos stored in the new iCloud Photo Library feature will be wiped from the servers, but data will remain on iOS 8 devices. After the process is complete, content is will be automatically uploaded back to Photo Library.
With iCloud Drive documents, developers must manually re-enable the feature from Apple's Setup Assistant, though document stored in the cloud service will again be automatically uploaded once services are restored.
Finally, email attachments sent through the forthcoming Mail Drop feature will expire, meaning users will need to resend those messages. With Mail Drop, Apple bypasses the usual email attachment data limit by uploading files up to 5GB in size to iCloud and including a link to download within the message's text.
When Apple launches its upcoming mobile and desktop operating systems this fall, both will come with deeply integrated iCloud features like Dropbox-style storage in iCloud Drive and beefed-up content sharing services like iCloud Photo Library.
AppleInsider recently took a deep dive into iCloudKit as it applies to Apple's future Photos for OS X app and the next-generation of iOS 8 Photos.
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-22T06:08:38",
"url": "https://appleinsider.com/articles/14/07/04/apple-to-wipe-icloudkit-data-for-ios-8-yosemitedevelopers-",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-22T15:02:11",
"url": "http://kikufactory.info/vpn-source-country/download-free-vpn-app-for-mac.html",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
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There is something special about giving somebody you love an item that has been created just for them. Which is why I think that creating beautiful, personalised illustrations has to be one of the best jobs in the world. You get to let your imagination run wild, you get to be creative in everything you do, and you get to create delight in your customers.
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-24T12:36:34",
"url": "http://alfiewinn.co.uk/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
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Lynn is a larger city in Essex County located along the coast of the North Shore. Lynn is located about ten miles north of downtown Boston.
For over 30 years, we have been providing construction services of all kinds to businesses and homes in Lynn. We take great pride in our work, and always strive to get the job done right the first time.
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-26T15:37:02",
"url": "http://servenandson.com/lynn-ma/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
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Charming 1940's Eagle Rock bungalow with great upside potential on a desirable cul-de-sac close to shops and restaurants on hip and happening Colorado Blvd. First time on the market in decades, this home is in need of TLC, but imagine the possibilities! Showing on public records as a 3 bedroom / 2 bath home, 2092 square feet. It is currently configured as a 2 bed/1 bath main house, 1 bed/1 bath guest apartment and a separate studio apartment. Tenants have been relocated and units are vacant. Living room with decorative fireplace opens to expansive deck. Formal dining. Eat in kitchen. Original vintage tiles in upstairs bath. Potential to create a master suite downstairs with art room or lounge. Generous yard. Trim trees to open up the view. This is an AS IS TRUST SALE with NO COURT CONFIRMATION REQUIRED. Please note: This home is for experienced renovators or someone with a strong vision. Property is being sold AS IS. Seller will not credit or repair.
Lot Size: 7435 Sq. Ft.
SchoolsClick map icons below to view information for schools near 4871 Hartwick Street Los Angeles (City), CA 90041.
Home for sale at 4871 Hartwick Street Los Angeles (City), CA 90041.
Description: The property at 4871 Hartwick Street Los Angeles (City), CA 90041 in the subdivision with the MLS# 19449974 is currently listed for $849,000 and has been on the market for 20 days.
You are viewing the NWMLS listing details of the home for sale at 4871 Hartwick Street Los Angeles (City), CA 90041, which features 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms, and 2092 sq.ft. of living area.
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-24T08:32:58",
"url": "https://lapropertysolutions.com/idx/4871-hartwick-street-los-angeles-city-ca-90041/15124909_spid/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
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Scores killed and injured after a blast that ripped through a Russian nightclub.
A blast has ripped through a Russian nightclub in the city of Perm, killing more than 100 people and injuring dozens more.
Vladamir Putin, the Russian prime minister, has ordered an investigation into the accident which some reports suggest was a result of pyrotechnics.
Al Jazeera Neave Barker reports from Moscow, the capital of Russia.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-23T06:44:55",
"url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2009/12/2009125229593273.html",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
The Worcester consignment store Trunk & Disorderly (formerly at the FYC location at 420 Pleasant St) had a grand opening this weekend at their new 120 Main St location (formerly Dr. Gonzo’s).
This is a straight-up consignment store: bring by your good stuff, and if it sells you split the proceeds 50/50 with the shop.
They are open Monday-Saturday, noon-7pm.
The men’s stuff is mostly punk/skater gear. I’d be curious to hear a knowledgeable assessment of the women’s wear.
great store , lots of cool stuff !
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-26T15:59:37",
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MELCHIOR YODER FOUND IN WEIDENTHAL!
YNL#40 marks the end of 20 years of the Yoder Newsletter!
A Nicolaus Joder in Weidenthal, Germany is the apparent father of Yoder immigrant Melchior Yoder!! In reviewing his files of family materials, including copies of correspondence from the late Karl Joder, noted historian Dr. Don Yoder located a christening record for a Johann Melchior Joder, son of Nicolaus Joder, dated 1736 in Wiedenthal. Among the several other records from this place is the listing of another son, born 1730, named Johann Jacob Joder.
Our immigrant Melchior Yoder (c1735-1820) not only fits with the dates, but his bachelor brother Johann Jacob would fit well with this date and data as well. A look at YNL 16, identifies that Melchior had a cousin Daniel Yoder, and a sister Mary (who m1. Geo. Hen. Lahr, likely before immigrating in 1727). Dr. Yoder is doing further research and we hope to have an article for the April 2003 YNL with more findings. The connections of this line with Conrad Yoder of North Carolina seem certain, with possibilities extending to the Mennonite line as well. KEEP YOUR FINGERS CROSSED!
Many years ago, we found a reference to a Pickaway County, Ohio estate settlement recorded in 1829 for a Melchior Yotter. We believed, and later confirmed, that this would have been for the son of Melchior Yoder whose family we began to unravel in the 1984 article by Dorothy Coffman (YNL3). As one of our principal Yoder "lost sheep", the story of his family has continued to unfold with articles in YNL 24, 26, 29, and 33.
Thanks so much to Carl Catherman for his recent research in Pickaway County! Carl is working to assemble the four generations of descendants of the immigrant Johann Adam Bohlender, his ancestor. Carl has located the "missing" 1829 estate file in the archives of the Pickaway County Historical and Genealogy Society in Circleville, and has freely shared his findings below.
It is fairly extensive but there is little if anything of genealogical value. It does reveal that Melchior was not very prosperous. Among the more interesting items is a note for $50 held by "George Punches". This is dated 1819 and it appears that nothing had been paid on it except the interest. There is also a claim presented by "Maylon Yotter Jun" which includes charges for "making saylor coat" and "making vest" and this is obviously from Melchior Yoder (M31).
Both Melchiors could sign their names and it is interesting to note that Melchior (M5) wrote "Melchior Yoder" in a distinctly Germanic style while Melchior (M31) wrote "Melcher Yotter" in a more Americanized style.
Assuming that Melchior (M5) owned land that would have been sold after his death I searched land records. First. I found four deeds, all for the same 25 A. and all in Deed Record E on pages 148,311,395 and 403, all dated in 1820 and 1821. These pretty clearly referred to Melchior (M31) and I didn't take the time to analyze them.
The prize was found in Deed Record Jon page 520, a deed dated 30 May 1832 for 41 A. sold to George Pontius in order to pays the debts of the deceased. The grantors were "Andrew Leist as administrator of the estate of Melcher Yotter deed and Christian Gruber and Catharine his wife late Catharine Yotter and widdow and relict of the said Melcher Yotter, Daniel Somers and Martha his wife late Martha Yotter and only child and heir of the said Melcher Yotter". I noted that Daniel signed his name "Daniel Summers". This answers several questions for us.
Earlier I had searched under "Y" for a remarriage of Melchior's widow Catharine without success. The deed inspired a second search under "G" and 1 found this in Marriage Record 3 on page 98 - Christian Umber married Catharine Euber (!) on 29 November 1831. Also in the same book on page 2 I found this - Martha Yoeder married Daniel Summers on 24 February 1828.
In this light I would suggest that the 1810 Northumberland County, PA census record which lists a son under 10 years of age but no daughter should in fact list no son but a daughter under 10 years of age. The 5 to 10 year old girl in Catharine's household in the 1830 Pickaway County census is a mystery. If she was indeed Catharine and Melchior's daughter she obviously lived less than two years after that.
Census indices indicate a Daniel Summers in Orange Twp., Richland Co., Ohio in 1830 and 1840 but I don't know whether this is Melchior's son-in-law. There were two other Daniel Summers in other Ohio counties in 1830.
Pursuing Catharine further I found that Christian Gruber died ca. June 1842. A petition for partition of his real estate was Filed by Jacob Weaver on 20 October 1843 and it indicates that the widow was then Catharine Stout. Returning to marriage records I found this on page 79 in Marriage Record 4 - Catharine Gruber married George Stout, Senr. On 11 May 1843.
George Stout died 7 March 1846 and here Catharine's trail becomes obscure. There was a Catharine Stout who married John May. Jr. on 17 September 1848 but I don't know if this was George Stout's widow or not. Stout is a very common name there and I'm sure there was more than one Catharine.
Chris Yoder, Editor, Battle Creek, MI; John W. Yoder, Circulation Manager, Middlebury, IN; Rachel Kreider, Senior Contributing Editor, Goshen, IN; Esther E. Yoder, Mail Manager, Goshen, IN; Donald Kauffman, YNL Homepage Webmaster, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Other Contributors: Richard H. Yoder, Bechtelsville, PA; Hubert A. Yoder, Charlotte, NC; Dorothy Yoder Coffman, Malvern, PA; Dr. Don Yoder, Devon, PA; Neal D. Wilfong, Cleveland, NC.
- FOR CIRCULATION ISSUES ONLY such as new or renewed subscriptions, changes of address, orders for back issues to: Yoder Newsletter, P.O. Box 594, Goshen, IN 46527-0594.
- ALL OTHER CORRESPONDENCE- Dealing with ancestral queries or contributions for future YNLs or archives (such as reunion notices, letters to the Editor, copies of Bible records or other historical information) to: Chris Yoder, 203 Lakeshire Rd., Battle Creek, MI 49015 (or by electronic mail to "75757.3371@compuserve.com").
-The YNL subscription is on an annual basis-two issues for $3.
-BACK ISSUES of the YNL are $1 per issue.
The last few remaining copies of the hardbound YNL Back-issues are exhausted. BACKORDERS are being taken (without deposits) and when a sufficient volume exists to launch a reprint, you will be contacted and offered a "pre-publication price" to help fund the basic costs of reprint. The Yoder Newsletter Issues 1 Through 25 - bound 240-page volume includes a topical index of major articles, and an "every name index". Send your reserve order to The YNL, P.O.Box 594, Goshen, IN 46527. It may be a year or more until sufficient orders are assembled to launch a reprint.
NC YODERS UPDATE PROJECT CONTINUES!!
This multi-year project aims to bring the descendants of Conrad Yoder up to date and add lines from all over the nation. The help of all Conrad family members is needed to assemble current information. Noted historian Dr. Don Yoder has promised a major introduction to this revision on the history of the Yoder family. To help, contact: Bill Yoder, 2707 Zion Church Rd. Hickory, NC 28602 email: byodernc@yahoo.com or Chris Yoder at 203 Lakeshire Rd., Battle Creek, MI 49015. email: cyoder@tds.net .
Thanks to John Beck of Bloomington, Ind. for sending a Jun. 16, 2002 Hoosier Times article, featuring local Amish woodworker Jonathan Yoder. Jonathan, a native of Belle Center, Ohio, now lives with his wife and children between Freedom and Worthington, Ind. off of Ind. 67. He's known for making outdoor furniture and his most popular piece is a yard swing, sold to area dealers.
-While enroute to FL this past Januaray, when stopping in Ga, the Yoder Restaurant was recommended to us, so we stopped for an enjoyable meal. (YODER'S DEITCH HAUS, Hwy 26 East, Montezuma, Ga). Going next door to the Yoder's Gift Shop, we met a son of the owners, John Yoder, who appeared very interested in finding out about his Yoder heritage (Big Valley, by route of Virginia). I also sent for a complementary subscription for him.-Estella Johnson, Schagticoke, NY.
Our Argentinean Yoder cousin, who shared the story of her grandfather, missionary Charles F. Yoder, in the last YNL.
In BOTH SIDES OF THE OCEAN, J. Virgil Miller presents a compilation of decades of research into the movement of Amish-Mennonites From Switzerland to America. This wonderful source reference assembles information from both American and European sources and provides information which tracks many of the family lines in their moves. It also presents valuable clues to other lines whose origins are yet to be established. The YNL highly recommends this 320pg hardcopy work. (Order from Masthoff, 219 Mill Rd., Morgantown, Pa. 19543 , $24.50 plus $3.25 shipping.
"(11/22/1724-Minute Book "I" John Nich. Sentz and Hans Yoder request the grant of 100 acres of land at Sawcany."-pg 726, Earle Pa. Land Records, Edited by William Henry Egle). Data sent in by Donald Honeywell.
v. HENRY B., born 6 Jun 1853 at Berks Co., PA; married Cecillia MENGLE.
Children of Daniel and Mary KEAVER were: i. LAURA F.; born 9 Jan 1865 at Berks Co., PA.
George Yoder Sr., age 87, son of Adam Yoder & Harriet A. Isanhart (AD) "George W. Yoder born in Seneca County, Ohio, Feb. 6, 1847, died Sept. 24, 1934 age 87 yrs, seven mos & 18 days. When he was eight he came with his widowed mother, four sisters and three brothers to Williams County At the age of 16 when the Civil War had broken out he enlisted with Company H, the third Ohio Cavalry .. After the war he came home and in the year 1874 he married his wartime sweetheart,Miss Adaline Corbette." Contributed by Karen Newberry.
We know of at least one Yoder seeking elected office this year. Can our readers tell us of any more? In the 20th District of Kansas, Kevin W. Yoder won 65% of the vote in the primary to receive the Republican nomination for state representative.
We are continuing to collect family photos. Practical limitations on our web server will limit what we can display there, but the capabilities to assemble and include data on a CD ROM are significant. We'd like your help in beginning to build these pictorial files of families. If you have access to scan photos and then email them to me at the following address: 75757.3371@compuserve.com .
For now I'd like to limit things to pre-1920 Yoder family group photos, photos of individual Yoders who may have been born before 1860, or photos of pre-1830 Yoder homestead structures. Include with your photo a short paragraph of narration.
"Abraham Z. Yoder (YR16513) and daughters. The original owned by the Lesh family in Calif. Catherine m. 1880 and she and her husband, Samuel Burns, moved to Nebraska c1881. Picture may have been taken before that time. Back Row: Catherine, Sara Frances, Adda Seated Front Row: Abraham Z., Mary Elizabeth, Emma Rebecca, Sarah (daughter of Joseph Joder)."
GIVE YOUR CHRISTMAS GIFT NOW!
For some years I have had the pleasure of conducting groups of Pennsylvania Dutchmen on tours of Germany and Switzerland to study the areas that our ancestors lived in and emigrated from. This year's Pennsylvania German Heritage Tour, from May 15 to 30, 2002 consisted of 28 persons from eight states. Among these, were fifteen Yoder descendants from Pennsylvania, Maryland, North Carolina, Florida, Louisiana, and Washington state.
For the Yoders, this was a special tour of the areas in Switzerland and Germany that our family called home for hundreds of years before heading across the Atlantic for the Promised Land of Pennsylvania. The Thun-Steffisburg area on the edge of the snowcapped Bernese Oberland, bordering on the picturesque Lake of Thun, is the cradle area of all our Pennsylvania and American Yoders, whether Reformed, Mennonite, or Amish. We toured Thun, one of Switzerland's most beautiful towns, and visited the great Steffisburg Church, built originally in the Middle Ages we even ascended the medieval tower to see the bells! In the sanctuary, we photographed the Moses-Tablet surrounded by the coats-of-arms, or crests, of the leading members of the parish when the church was rebuilt in 1682. The crests of Caspar and Jost Joder were there in plain sight, the latter (Jost) probably the ancestor of the Amish Yoders of America.
We also drove up the mountain above Steffisburg to visit the Schnittweierbad, where Adam Joder, father of Hans and Jost Joder of the Oley Valley, operated his fulling mill. There are documents dated 1685 about Adam's business in the State Archives in Bern. Our Yoders all seem to have been mechanics, lovers of machinery, and they ran other Steffisburg mills beginning in the 1500s.
One afternoon we drove up into the mountains across the Lake of Thun to visit the little mountain town of Gsteig. There we paid a formal visit, we could even call it a pilgrimage, to the St. Joder Chapel. This was built in 1453 as a Catholic sanctuary, but in 1556, when the County of Greyerz (Gruyere) was transferred to Bernese rule, it became a Reformed church. We had a pleasant lecture on the history of the chapel by a delightful old gentleman named Marcel Marti, whose English was so good that I did not have to translate a German speech, as I usually did elsewhere.
What is unusual about this little church (Kirchlein) is that following the Reformed refusal to allow pictures, Catholic fashion, into its sanctuary, the walls were covered with beautifully calligraphed Bible inscriptions done in masterful fraktur lettering. I translated some of them for our group, including the inscription above the entrance to the choir, "How amiable are thy tabernacles, O Lord of Hosts" (Wie lieblich sind deine Wohnungen, Herr Zebaoth), from Psalm 84 which was a favorite inscription in our Pennsylvania Dutch country churches, too. And of course, I found one of my own favorite verses "Enter into his gates with thanksgiving and into his courts with praise" (Gehet zu seinenThoren ein mit Danksagung und zu seinen Vorhoefen mit Loben) from Psalm 100.
After we had sensed the plain beauty of the interior, we moved outside, and stood gazing up at the mountain peaks beyond the evergreen forests as the sexton rang the little St. Joder bell (Jodergloecklein) just for us a privilege indeed, since normally this bell is rung only once a year! Then we all went to the big, comfortable country inn near the church, to listen to jodel music as we ate a delicious Swiss (Bernese) luncheon. It was cool that day, and we enjoyed the wood fire lighted in the tavern fireplace.
In Germany we Yoders had the pleasure of meeting Cousin Otmar Jotter who spells his name that very way, as some of our Pennsylvania Yoders originally did. Otmar is now the leading Joder/Jotter historian in Germany, succeeding Karl Joder (1906-1984), whose work is well known and appreciated in every branch of the American Yoder clan. After dinner one evening at our lakeside hotel outside of Kaiserslautern, we repaired to a conference room, where Otmar outlined his views on Yoder history and the problems one faces in tracing it. He spoke in German, and I translated for the group. His wife Wilma and his granddaughter Alexandra were present, so in a sense this evening was an international Yoder Reunion.
On our lake-steamer trip on the Lake of Thun a two hour voyage zigzagging back and forth to all the charming lakeside towns I made a discovery. The brochure about the Bernese lake fleet plying the Lakes of Thun and Brienz one can almost call it the Bernese Navy! informed me that the head of the company is Peter Ochsenbein. This name is important to the Oley Yoders, since the mother of Hans and Jost Joder of Oley was Barbara Ochsenbein, wife of Adam Joder. I will be getting in touch with him to determine his relationship to our family. We are also close kin to the distinguished Swiss statesman Ulrich Ochsenbein, author of the Swiss Constitution of 1848, which created the Switzerland that exists politically today. He was born near Steffisburg, hence he has to be closely related to us.
The long shadows of German and Swiss history are with us yet in America. Some of our group were loyal members of the Reformed Church (now the United Church of Christ), so we visited Zurich, the birthplace of the Reformed Church, to pay our respect to its founder, Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1532). We visited Zurich's central church, the Grossmuenster, where Zwingli first preached the Reformation doctrines. We also crossed the River Limmat to the Frauenkirche to marvel at the exciting modern art windows designed by Marc Chagall. And of course in Zurich we paid our respects to the Anabaptist Movement, which began here also.
That afternoon, while others shopped in Zurich's elegant shopping streets, some of us spent several hours in the Zurich State Archives. There we consulted with the Archivist Hans-Ulrich Pfister, who recently put on a superb exhibit on the Seventeenth Century Emigration from Canton Zurich into Germany, a movement that included many of our ancestors, whether Reformed or Anabaptist.
In Switzerland's capital, the City of Bern, where the surname Joder first appears in documentation in the year 1260, we visited the main Reformed Church, called the Bern Minster. There about 1700 a Reformed minister named Samuel Guldin (1664-1745) served until he was deposed for preaching Pietist messages. In 1710, he came to Pennsylvania where Pietist doctrines were indeed welcome. He was in fact Pennsylvania's first Reformed minister in the German Reformed tradition. He settled in Germantown and for a while in the Oley Valley where the Yoders and Guldins have in the ensuing centuries made numerous intermarriages.
On our way from Zurich to Thun and Steffisburg, we stopped for lunch at Lucerne, partaking of an organ concert in the Jesuit Church, then proceeded to Ballenberg, the great Swiss National Open Air Museum on the heights above the Lake of Brienz. Here huge log and stone farmhouses and other buildings from every part of Switzerland have been reconstructed in natural settings, surrounded with fields, gardens, and woodlots. After a snack at the charming country inn at the entrance to the grounds, we proceeded in two groups, with witty and knowledgeable guides, to visit farmhouses that gave us the feel of our ancestral homes. We viewed the antique kitchens, in one of which hams and sausages were being smoked hanging from the ceiling above the hearth. We enjoyed the sitting rooms, heated by stoves (the Pennsylvania Dutch "Schtupp" or stove-room), and we looked into the sleeping quarters with their coarse sheets and featherbeds. The barns had Swiss farm animals like those our Swiss forefathers raised, gentle brown Swiss cows, grunting pigs, and fantastic chickens. Alas, we did not have time to visit the up-and-down sawmill at the other end of the grounds, at which I always stand at attention recalling my Grandfather Yoder's "nuff-un-nunner Saegmiehl" in the Dutch Western end of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. My father, typical Yoder who loved machinery, changed the up-and-down blade to a huge rotary blade, which I certainly remember seeing in operation run by my father and his brother Will.
One sunny afternoon during our stay in the Palatinate homeland of so many Pennsylvania Dutch families we drove over to Zweibruecken near the French border to visit the Stalter Farm, owned and operated by Rems (Remigius) Stalter and his son Hubert Stalter, Joder descendants from the Amish and Mennonite branch of our family. Hubert had just baked several dozen huge (six-pound) loaves of bread in their great bakeoven and he graciously gave us one to take to our hotel in Mainz, where we all shared it in a kind of family ritual. It was bread indeed, real bread like the products of our Pennsylvania bakeovens. On the farm, we tramped through high grass up a hill to a woodsy Joder cemetery, to read the German inscriptions.
The Stalters showed us their extensive kitchen garden, their animals (Including a charming little dog called in the Palatine dialect "Gricksel" or "Cricket"), huge cows, pigs, and other farm animals. The Stalters have been settled on this farm, in its pleasant stream-drained little valley, for several centuries since they left Switzerland. It is of interest to point out that this very farm was visited in 1881 by the Pennsylvania Quaker Phebe Earle Gibbons (1821-1893), who described her visit in her charming book. Pennsylvania Dutch and Other Essays, for which I had the honor of writing a new foreword (Stackpole Books, 2000), a facsimile reprint of the 1882 third edition of Phebe's book. She described how Farmer Jacob Stalter brought out the German histories of the Swiss Anabaptists, and told her about his own pilgrimage to Switzerland to see the areas his ancestors came from in the seventeenth century.
On leaving the Stalter Farm, we drove over the French border just to say we had been in France on this trip too! No customs, no border guard here because the farmers drive back and forth every day. This part of France belongs to Lorraine, earlier called Alsace-Lorraine, and the everyday language is still German dialect, much like our Pennsylvania Dutch, although in the schools French is taught and French is, after all, the official language.
Several of us, including ex-Amishman Omer Dean Yoder, had fun in talking our "Dutch" with the Stalters and other persons whom we met in this part of the Rhineland where the mother Palatine dialect is still used.
In addition to sharing Yoder backgrounds, we visited ancestral villages and churches of other Pennsylvania Dutch families of Pennsylvania and North Carolina stock. One of these was the Weidner/Weitner/Whitener clan of the Oley Valley and North Carolina. One Sunday we attended the annual Salt-Boilers Festival at Schwaebisch Hall in Wuerttemberg, viewing the costumed dancers and listening to the oompah-band music under the shadow of the great medieval St. Michael's Church, of which two distinguished Lutheran ministers named Weidner were pastors around 1600. Another day we attended the 300-year-old Maientag at Vaihingen on the Enz River, near Stuttgart, viewing a fabulous parade, marching to memorable band music, and high point a Swabian dinner at which we were the guests of the Lord Mayor (Oberbuergermeister) of Vaihingen. At one of the ancestral churches in Baden, at Hueffenhardt, we were welcomed at the village church by the minister and members of his congregation, who served us specially baked cakes and cookies, accompanied with glasses of home-made Schnapps, of which even the ministers in our group partook. The minister laughed when I said that in America, Schnapps and Church do not always go together. But this Schnapps, very special stuff indeed, was made by a member of the parish, and the pastor even gave me a bottle of Quince Schnapps to take along home, where I am doling it out very carefully.
Some evenings after dinner, over glasses of local wine, or cups of coffee, we had question-and-answer sessions, genealogical workshops on how to find materials on our families in Europe and America, and talks on various interests of the group, explaining what we were experiencing. That way we could share our ideas and reactions to the European homelands of our families.
At our farewell dinner, at our Mainz hotel overlooking the Rhine, we gave speeches and reminiscences and toasted our friendship and cousinship which will last through the years. Next day the group flew home from Frankfurt International Airport, except for a few of us who stayed behind to do more research on our family history.
The Oley Yoder Heritage Association had a reunion on Saturday, July 20, 2002, at the Oley Fire Company. We had registration, lunch and then a presentation entitled "Religion in the Colonies" by Jim Newell. This was followed by a white elephant sale. After mingling and good conversation we called it a day.
-----I am going to look at my one bottle of St. Joder red dole wine, wish I had a bottle of the white Fendant, and hope I can get some cases of both imported. --Ted M. Yoder Hickory, N.C.
SEE http://www.yodernewsletter.org/ylist.html to join the Yoder Listserver. Presently 172 Members.
St. Joder's Day Card Contest!
WEST VA YODERS RAISE PRIZE-WINNING GOATS!
Paul E. and Margaret Yoder, of Point Pleasant W VA win Blue Ribbons for their Boar meat Goats.
Thanks to Neal Wilfong for reporting this story which ran over the AP in Aug. , 2001.: Young Michael Boger, age 13, is a descendant of Conrad Yoder through the Francis Alfonzo Yoder and Louisa Catherine (Coulter) Yoder branch (he's a grandson of Marie Louiza Yoder and Hyrle S. Leonard). He began as a freshman last year at Wake Forest University to begin classes last year. Michael has an IQ somewhere above 200, double the average score on the intelligence test, and began high school at age 8. Michael started reading at 14 months of age. As Virgil Yoder would say, "It takes a Yoder".
OVER 54,000 VISITORS TO THE YODER HOMEPAGE! Are you one of them?
The YNL will publish Yoder related inquiries or exchanges at no charge. Please limit as possible to include a full return address. All inquiries are checked against our records to see if we can help too. If you receive added info, please share it with the YNL for our files. Send Queries to: Chris Yoder, 203 Lakeshire Rd., Battle Creek,Mi 49015 or email at 75757.3371@compuserve.com.
I am seeking information on the family of John (OH145) and Catharine Levan Yoder. My great-great grandmother was Hannah (aka Anna) daughter of John and Catharine's son Isaac (OH1452) and his first wife Elizabeth Schall. Kathryn Klein; 272 Forrest Ave.: Elkins Park, PA 19027 or kleinkg@voicenet.com.
In April 1840, Joshua Yoder was one of 21 signatories on a petition to issue a license to Jacob Brugh to operate a Tavern in his residence. Jacob's seven room structure was located in Stony Creek Township, Somerset Co., Pa. Joshua and the other men certified that Mr. Brugh "is of good repute for honesty and temperance, and is well provided with house room and conveniences for the lodging and accommodations of strangers and travelers." Joshua (YR239a) was born in 1812 and moved on to Elkhart County, Indiana by 1844.
Thanks to OTMAR JOTTER for sharing a compilation of his work with the YNL! We have received from our German cousin and prominent historian Otmar Yoder, one book and 6 brochures which he helped publish on the local history of Gruenstadt, Germany. (See Dr. Don Yoder's description of the visit by American Yoders with Otmar earlier this summer in his article about the Europen Tour.
SIBLINGS' AGES TOTAL 300 YEARS --the Dan V. and Fannie Yoder family of the Topeka area has three siblings in their family whose ages total 300 years. Seated from left are: Elva Yoder, age 104, Violetta (Yoder) Mishler, age 102, and Harley Yoder, age 94.
Siblings in the Dan V. and Fannie Yoder family have lived to be more than 300 years collectively and have seven five generation groups between them.
Dan and Fannie had four sons and two daughters. A son, Albert, born in 1894, died in 1915 of scarlet fever. A second son, Leo, born in 1906, died Oct. 1981 in a tractor accident in Hawaii. A sister, Mabel, born in 1896, died giving birth to her thrid child in 1922.
The remaining siblings; Elvie, born in 1898; Violetta, born in 1900; and Harley, born in 1907 are 104, 102, and 94, respectively. They have all lived in the Topeka, Emmatown area all their lives and most of their children live in the LaGrange County area.
The Yoder siblings all attended a one-room school and have seen many changes in their lives, such as the creation of blacktop roads and mail delivery and doctor's house calls by horse and buggy. They grew up in a time of no airplanes and no men on the moon, before the computer age and 16-foot double wide house trailors going down the road.
Men worked for $1 a day from sunrise to sunset. Boys worked on the farm as a hired hand for $25 a month, not $25 an hour. Hamburgers, candy bars, pop, and ise cream cones were 5 cents each. People knew their neighbors and had time to visit them often.
Harley says, "Those were the good old days."
The Yoder family attended Emma Mennonite Church and Harley still does. Harley still lives on his parent's farm and sleeps in the same bedroom he was born in. Although his grandsons, Randy, Roger, Rod, and Rob do the planting and the harvesting, Harley is still active on the farm.
In the summer he feeds and cares for 50 head of cattle on pasture, he mows his own lawn, has a garden and does his own housework. Harley still drives his own truck and does volunteer work and meat canning time at The Depot to feed hungry people in other countries and works at the Mennonite Relief Sale for Mennonite Central Committee.
These siblings are children of YR2344335. Harvey's grandsons include a prominent array of basketball stars.
One hundred thirty-seven persons were on hand, Sunday, August 11, 2002, for the 52nd meeting of the NC Yoder family. Held in the parish building of the Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church near Hickory, the convention has met annually with the exception of one year since it's inception in the late 1940's.
The first reunion of the Yoder family occurred on August 23, 1949, when five granddaughters of the late Col. George M. Yoder met in Gastonia, NC in the home of John W. and Stella Yoder Stroup "and enjoyed a good day of fellowship with kith and kin". A sister of Dr. Fred Roy Yoder, Mrs. Stroup served as the first president of the Yoder Reunion.
The 52nd homecoming opened with a prayer and table blessing by Phillip D. Yoder of Newton. An abundant array of home cooked foods of every description was enjoyed by all.
Following lunch President Albert F. Yoder of Conover conducted a business meeting in which the first time visitors to the reunion were acknowledged. Peggy McManus of Hickory, Connie G. Mosteller of Sod, WV, and Mr. and Mrs. Clay G. Brewer of Dalton, GA, were introduced.
A descendant of Adam Yoder, the youngest child of Conrad Yoder by his marriage to Catharine Huffman, Clay Brewer and his wife, Sharon, were no doubt guided by providence to attend the reunion. The couple hand earlier engaged in family research in Surry and Burke counties in NC before moving on to hickory to pursue additional historical records. A lead offered at the public library steered the couple to Zion Lutheran Church. On reaching the church, the Brewers bumped into Ted Yoder who was setting up the facility for the annual reunion. The couple explained that they were looking for Yoder graves, and specifically the burial plot of Conrad Yoder. An invitation was extended by ted that the couple attend the Yoder reunion on Sunday. Unaware that a reunion was slated for the next day, the couple decided without hesitation to remain in town an extra day and participate in their very first Yoder reunion. The couple later confessed that they had never been to a family reunion!
Daniel N.Yoder, 95, of Newton, was identified as the senior guest. The youngest visitor was Adison Adair Yoder, three months, of Conover. A daughter of Easton E. and Glenna B. Yoder, the little girl was horn on April 22, 2002.
Mr. and Mrs. Dan (Margaret) Yoder had been married the longest. The couple was united in Holy Matrimony on November 28, 1935 in Newton.
Albert Yoder recognized Mr. and Mrs. Rick (Kelly) Cranford of Charlotte, who were married on June 22, 2002. The newly married groom was a nephew President Yoder.
Journeying from her home in Pullman, WA, Elaine Yoder Zakarison, represented the family og the late Dr. Fred Roy Yoder. A noted professor of sociology for more than 60 years, Dr. Yoder authored the "History of the Yoder Family in North Carolina" in 1970. The educator's daughter encouraged the clan to submit their family history for inclusion in the proposed Yoder history update targeted for release in 2005.
The secretary gave a synopsis of the minutes from the previous reunion. Treasurer Benelia Yoder Reese offered a financial report for the fiscal year.
President Yoder remarked that Rachel Hahn Kennedy continues to work towards achieving non-profit status for the family. Ted Yoder intends to develop a local Yoder web page.
Michael B. Huffman announced that access to the Thessalonica Baptist cemetery on Pott's Creek in southwestern Catawba county is now again possible. Huffman and members of his family are caretakers for the abandoned cemetery where several Yoder descendants are interred, including Catherine Yoder Baker (1782-1867), the sole daughter of pioneer Conrad Yoder to reach maturity.
The Rev. Larry D. Yoder offered a prayer in memory of the departed members of the extended family. During the past year 41 known deaths were counted in the Yoder, Reep, and allied family lines.
Former president Ted M. Yoder of Newton narrated an interesting slide presentation about his recent trip to Germany and Switzerland. Yoder traveled as a part of an entourage which was composed of 15 Yoders including 13 descendants of Conrad Yoder, as well as 13 other current or former North Carolinians. The tour was organized by Dr. Don Yoder, a retired professor of history at the University of Pa.
On Saturday, August 10, 2002, at 7 pm, 21 persons attended an informal worship service at the old Yoder family cemetery two miles south of Zion Lutheran Church.. Ted Yoder spoke about the beginnings of the NC Yoder family which was established by Swiss immigrant Conrad Yoder. Ted also pointed out the former locations of some of the early homes associated with the family.
Charles F. Miller of Hickory was recognized and thanked for allowing the family access to the hilltop burying ground located on a portion of his property. Miller also mows each year the general area around the cemetery which includes a temporary drive from the public highway.
Neal D. Wilfong of Cleveland read from Genesis 25:7-12 and offered a prayer. He commented that Abraham, like Conrad Yoder, buried his mate and lived to see some of his descendants before going to his rest. Assisted by Ted Yoder, Wilfong sang the 16th century Reformation Hymn, "Ein Feste Brg", written by Martin Luther.
Jackie & I went to a Wilson-Yother reunion just north of Chattanooga .. Chris Yoder (YNL) got us in contact with someone in the clan, so we went and actually stayed in motor home at a county camp beside these 2 brothers named Chauncey who I emailed & called the week b4. The reunion was in the Mowbray firehouse out in the country, near the town of Soddy-Daisy. About 60+ people, pretty good crowd, very friendly, great food, including Aunt somebody's famous fried apple pies. The grandmother of some of the folks there (in their 60's or so) was a Yother who married a Wilson. People there from Charlotte, Florida, Michigan.
They are descendants of Conrad's youngest son Adam who appeared to have kept the Yother spelling, which we have seen on the deed from Henry Whitener to Conrad Yoder. Col. George wrote that 'Adam moved to Tennessee and all traces of him were lost'. But it appears from Chris' research that he was in Haywood County, western NC in 1820 census, and then moved to northern Georgia in the area south of Chattanooga and north of Atlanta shortly after. ( A Whitener from Catawba moved there about same time; there was a mini gold rush to that area 1820-30's.) In 1991 a dairy farmer from Lafayette GA named Buford Yother and a lady from Atlanta named Janet Gibson researched and with Chris' help found us and visited the NC reunion. These 2 sets of Yothers live less than 100 miles apart, but are unaware of each other.
Anyway, the let me talk about how we were related, and the history of Conrad and the Yoder name and the immigration. I did about 25 minutes, longer than I should have, but they all seemed very interested and appreciative. I told them that I am positive we are cousins since all of them looked like the same people who come to the reunion in Hickory! Three were 2 brothers with kind of flat noses that looked some like my grandfather Eck (Edgar) and his nephew, Louie Baker. After the meeting, the younger of them played very 'flowery' piano kind of like Floyd Cramer & sang old gospel & country songs, and a number of folks joined in, very fun and meaningful.
Last Saturday nite, Bill & I were invited to make a presentation on our Europe trip at the bi-annual Klein-Cline reunion, descendants of Sebastian Cline, father of Conrad Yoder's 1st wife, Kristina. (She bore John, Jacob, & David so we are all Cline descendants.) Ray Yount was there. I put about 150 slides of Germany and 120 slides of Switzerland and some text on two Powerpoint files, borrowed Hickory Chairs computer projector and did Germany first. When that finished, I said I had more of Switzerland but know time is short, but people in the crowd said "go on, show more", so I continued with Switzerland, which is much more Yoder specific, but has great shots of Alps & lake & castle of Thun. Took about 50 minutes total for both. It looked pretty good, some shots I took look good. Bill gave the introduction and presented the group with a copy of Dr. Fred's book at end, and that was very well received. I'll probably show the presentations at our reunion this year.
- Elizabeth Harrison Brunner Schroeder, died April 3, 2002, granddaughter of Jocelyn Zachary Yoder.
- Raymond J. Yoder (YR2337a1242) (3/4/1913-7/5/2002) of Elkhart, In., son of the late Ray S. and Lettie Yoder.
- Harold Yoder, 88, CONWAY, SC d. 7/1/2002, born Pipersville, Pa., a son of the late Walter (YB139914) and Estella Beer Yoder.
- Donald Glen Yoder 69, Died December 26,1999, Buried at the Florida National Cemetery near Bushnell, Fl.
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Eliminating trash in the home of an compulsive hoarder isn't any simple task-it not merely involves a great deal of physical labour, but it is also a very difficult emotional challenge for your hoarder, his or her loved ones, and all those who have any sort of desire for the maintenance in the property showcased. For these major trash eradication jobs, particularly those under time restraints, may be important in order to speed up the process and also spare property owners extra costs such as throwing fees and the gas applied to drive fill after fill of trash to the transport station.
The key to choosing a firm to rent from is actually to ask several questions as possible. Make sure there won't be any hidden expenses, specify how much allotted rental a serious amounts of make sure the firm has a trusted reputation. Choosing a company that has a flat rate is best suited, and don't be scared to do research online before making a crucial decision along these lines.
The use of a Construction Dumpster Rental in Sierraville, CA is usually clearly accepted as a way to retailer excessive numbers of trash. On the other hand, the benefits to making use of this service do not just hold on there. It also offers one the ability to bypass the actual headache when trying to discard substantial amounts of garbage.
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The local surf forecast in The state of virginia, Washington DC as well as Maryland compared to you live in a beautiful region and you wish to keep it beautiful. Your neighborhood is actually proud of the sweetness that is all around them and you also all wish to upkeep that. No matter where your house is you want your own home and local community kept clean and delightful.
In the aftermath of heading back to eco-friendly environment, a lot of people are currently realizing the value recycling the actual generated trash in eco-friendly way. The trash created on certain projects just like construction and also house restoration is huge and also bulky. Choosing a decision to home these enormous tons of trash on self may leave you using injuries because of to lack of dependability in controlling task. if you decide to dispose the actual generated trash in the environmental friendly way in Oh, it is should for you to go with Construction Dumpster Rental in Sierraville, CA Kansas.
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Don’t know what a capsule wardrobe is? Fundamentally, it is a minimalist approach to the things you keep in your closet. It’s trying to get more neutrals in your closet and less of those pieces that you can never seem to match with anything, besides that one skirt that you don’t even like that much. It will also help you save a little time and money by helping you figure out what you need to buy and skipping all the things that don’t really have a place for in your closet. At Gliks we have some items that are on trend, but are also basic essentials for the entirety of the spring season.
To help you have the best spring capsule wardrobe possible, we found the 16 items that we think your closet cannot go without! For a little consistency we stuck to a color palette of about four different colors in various shades. However, many of these clothing items we listed come in a variety of colors and styles, so this capsule wardrobe can totally be adapted to fit your personal taste!
There are four trends that are going to be very pronounced in 2018. These trends are off the shoulder, stripes, flare sleeves, and button ups. We found 3 shirts that incorporate all these trends, in a subtle but chic way. These shirts are lightweight so they will be perfect for warm days, or you can layer over them with a warmer jacket for the colder days.
Everyone needs a comfy throw on tee for the days that you do not want to try and put together the perfect outfit ( but in our opinion jeans and a tee is the perfect outfit 🙂 ). Plus, these tees will look great under your overalls, with your denim skirts, or with a denim jacket. We definitely recommend having a tee that has a looser fit and you feel totally comfortable in. You can dress the right basic tee up or keep it casual.
We are so happy that flare jeans and overalls are making a comeback! These flare jeans by KanCan are highwaisted, making them a comfortable fit for everyday wear and they will pair effortlessly with your shorter cropped tops. Everyone needs a good pair of medium wash denim in their closet. We personally love the twist-hem step hem jeans from Flying Monkey and they have an ankle crop fit, which makes them perfect for showing off your strappy sandals! At Gliks we have an array of overalls to choose from, but black overalls leave you with a neutral base that will naturally match with anything in your closet!
One of our favorite things about spring is that it finally is warm enough for dresses. These three dresses incorporate some of those hot trends like off the shoulder, ruffles, and stripes. The Piko dress is a casual dress that will be perfect to throw on whenever you need something simple. The Off the Shoulder dress by BB Dakota has a slightly fancier vibe but its jersey knit fabric makes it a comfortable fit for everyday wear. The striped pattern of the Everly Clothing Striped Midi Dress gives you a fashionable option with the perfect length, stopping just below the knee. The best part of all these dresses is that they can easily be dressed up or down to fit whatever occasion you need.
For colder days, we found the two jackets that you absolutely need. These neutral outerwear options will go over every outfit! We love the ruffle denim jacket by Elan Clothing. It has a shorter fit, so it will look ah-ma-zing over your dresses or overalls. The vegan leather moto jacket by Jack By BB Dakota is made out of the softest faux leather material. We love this lighter colored leather jacket option for spring days and it will be perfect for nights out over your basic tee and ankle length jeans.
Now for the footwear options for your capsule wardrobe! Here are three pairs of shoes that will pull together all your spring looks. The Tuxedo shoe is an essential to your footwear collection, offering a comfortable footbed and covered vamp ballerina shoe design will look flawless for your everyday ensembles. Strappy sandals are essential to any spring outfit and in the color rose gold it will add a little bling to your looks. The peep toe heel is a fashionable option that will be great for dressing up any of your outfit combinations.
Now all you have to do is mix and match these pieces together to create the perfect spring looks. To shop all these spring capsule wardrobe essentials, head over to Gliks.com!
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Eiffel Tower pattern gobo. Standard size "B" stainless steel disc made to fit an ellipsoidal fixture with a 6" lens and a 4 1/2" gate.Gobo patterns are used to suggest scenery, create atmosphere and enhance the visual impact of your lighting design. To browse the entire line of designs, visit www.rosco.com.
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In a mixed team of academic staff, research staff and research students, we are well recognized as one of the most productive research group in the domain of building energy and environment. We have many collaborative partners in China and overseas. At an annual funding level of more than two million Hong Kong dollars, around 400 research papers have been published by our team members in the key international conferences and academic journals in the past years.
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Highland Park is a 4 star property situated on the banks of the river Beas, offering charming scenic view. The eco friendly environment sets a perfect base for a peaceful stay with unforgettable memories. Many facilities are here for both business and leisure travelers. Guests can enjoy the bonfire barbeque along with river Beas to spend special evening with your loved ones. Unwind yourself with great pleasure at the illustrious area within the house, i.e. a discotheque with bar corner. For recreation guest can head to the on-site game centre or well-equipped fitness club. Formal meetings can take place in the conference hall with sitting capacity of 50 persons in theatre style. Business centre is also here equipped with state of the art technology to fulfill your professional needs.
Start your day with freshly prepared buffet breakfast served every morning within the premises. On-site restaurant is here to pamper your taste buds with delectable dishes adding pinch of Himalayan flavors and International flavors too. Special Italian Pizza and Grill centre is here in a lush green lawn area to enjoy hot crispy snacks. Rooms in the resort are designed in a cottage style facing river side and also commands panoramic view of the snow capped mountains. Every suite defines a modern level of comfort with the presence of all required amenities. Large windows, separate living area, private balconies and landscaped garden enhance the living standards.
The Hotel offers stay in its 25 elegant cottage style accommodations featuring private balconies, landscaped gardens and large open air windows. All these are designed with rich glass and wood ceilings/floors to give a warm and cozy ambience. It offers room in three different types so that guests can choose according to their need. Amenities like TV, direct dial phone and tea/coffee maker are fitted in each room. En suite bathrooms come with essential toiletries.
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Truly an all-purpose magickal herb, Cinquefoil’s five leaves are said to stand for love, money, health, power, and wisdom. Carry some in a sachet or bottle to possess these qualities. Cinquefoil is also known by the names Five Finger Grass and Potentilla. This versatile plant is attributed to Mercury.
Washing the hands with an infusion of Cinquefoil is said to banish evil influences and promote prosperity. An eggshell filled with cut Cinquefoil is a traditional protective charm for the home. Use Cinquefoil in spells of business, love, house-blessing, confidence—anything, really!
Our current stock is wildcrafted and irradiation-free.
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AGR Description: Predicted to have intraciliary transport particle B binding activity; predicted to be involved in intraciliary transport; predicted to localize to the centrosome, cilium, and intraciliary transport particle B; orthologous to human TTC30A (tetratricopeptide repeat domain 30A).
Merged Description: Predicted to have intraciliary transport particle B binding activity; predicted to be involved in intraciliary transport; predicted to localize to the centrosome, cilium, and intraciliary transport particle B; orthologous to human TTC30A (tetratricopeptide repeat domain 30A); INTERACTS WITH acrylamide; manganese(II) chloride; methamphetamine.
Ttc30a1 has been annotated in the following RGD Disease Portals.
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The launch ceremony of the new 100 % electric city bus took place in CaetanoBus, Vila Nova de Gaia, and was presided by the Secretary of State for the Environment, Mr. Carlos Martins. Several municipalities looking for green solutions for urban transport have attended the event.
e.City Gold is the new 100 % electric city bus completely developed in Portugal by CaetanoBus, in partnership with Siemens and several institutions of Porto University. This bus will be circulating in several Portuguese cities as Guimarães, Coimbra, Lisbon, Braga and Oporto. This is a clear sign that municipalities understand electric mobility as a solution to address the main problems of urban mobility.
For Mr. José Ramos, President of Salvador Caetano Industry, “only the combination of ambitious environmental policies, technological innovation and the change of the habits of society will make the sustainable mobility possible.
e.City Gold is the result of the combination of the wide experience in the development of city buses with aluminum body and the new generation of Caetano vehicles with eco-friendly engines. With a high passenger capacity and adapted to people with reduced mobility, the e.City Gold stands out for its zero emission and silence, fulfilling the highest standards of design.
For almost three decades that CaetanoBus studies, develops and tests electric mobility as an efficient solution for public transport. In 1984 were developed the first trolleybuses for the electrified circuit of Oporto and Coimbra. Recently, CaetanoBus, also in partnership with Siemens, was responsible for launching the first 100 % airport electric bus, with units already in operation. This technology has been tested in the major European cities such as Stuttgart, Geneva, Vienna, Helsinki, Amsterdam, and in other Portuguese cities.
Between 2010 and 2015 the company invested directly and indirectly about 7 million in Innovation & Development projects related to electric mobility, making a strong commitment to Portuguese engineering and specialized training of its technicians.
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Black Hat SEO win the $7,000 contest!
Celiac disorder is an auto-immune disease that I, my brother, and my oldest daughter all suffer from. This simple contest is just a way to help further that research. Please embed the backlink from his site in your blog or web page until May 15, 2006 to help raise $7000 for research against this disease.
I realy appreciate your efforts for v7ndotcom elursrebmem contest.
it would be a great fun.!"So Let The Race Begin"
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Marty Tribble is a local yoga instructor, life coach, vegan and much more. She writes a fantastic blog called Ahimsa Kitchen with tons of great vegan recipes. She and John Arms have organized a retreat to help new and old vegans expand their plant-based culinary skills.
From Marty:"Are you an established vegan, new vegan, or vegan-curious? Whether you are already on the plant-based foods path or just beginning your exploration, this retreat is for you! Come build your plant-based culinary skills in an accepting, loving, commUNITY oriented atmosphere."
Visit Marty's website for lots of details on all the great things you'll learn about healthy vegan cooking and food preparation.
What's included: Lectures, Q&A, hands-on tutorials & cooking demos, all food supplies and equipment, all meals, gentle yoga for digestion, and lodging Friday and Saturday night.
Recently I sat down with Cassie, owner and creator of a new vegan whole foods dessert company called V.Sweet. We swapped stories and I was reminded of how comforting it is to talk with others who have gone through similar struggles upon discovering the problems with the standard American diet. As a mother and someone who leads a healthy lifestyle, she has struggled with satisfying her (and her family's) sweet tooth without relying on processed sugar or other unhealthy ingredients.
"My mission for V.Sweet is to create a whole food dessert company passionate about creating hand-made, vegan desserts sweetened only by what nature has provided. I take pride in the transparency of our ingredients, business, and intentions. By promising to use only whole foods, organic and local whenever possible, we always cook with love and intention so that you can truly live healthy and eat sweet. I want to serve the health-seeking community of vegans and whole-foodists alike who, like me, want to see more food on our shelves without preservatives and ingredients we can't read."
Although Cassie is in the beginning stages of developing her company, she already has several well-tested products online available for purchase. She shared some Peanut Butter Chocolate Date Balls and Vegan Fudge with me. At first I was a little worried--I had tried a lot of "healthy" desserts in my time and they were never comparable to the "unhealthy" ones in flavor or richness. When I brought them home, I even told my boyfriend (before trying them), "you probably won't like these because they're healthy." WOW. I was totally wrong--everything was incredible!
The date balls tasted like the buck-eye ball cookies my mom used to make--rich chocolate and peanut butter flavors with a great texture. Of course, once I realized how amazing these were I shared them with my boyfriend and another guy friend who wouldn't normally appreciate a "healthy" dessert--they both loved them! These are made with only Medjool dates, raw organic cacao powder and natural peanut butter.
Cassie is determined to expand her business this year. To get the word out to more people in the best ways possible, she has dedicated herself to this as her full-time job. A few weeks ago, she launched a Kickstarter Project for V.Sweet Dessert Company and encourages everyone to check it out. Make sure to visit soon since the Kickstarter ends on February 21st!
"I love the strong, growing vegan community here in the Dairy State and since I am a bootstrapping solo-preneur who has not taken on any partners, I hope you will feel comfortable with my accountability and level of commitment to getting V.Sweet off the ground and continuing to serve the Milwaukee area (and beyond!) for as long as you seek health and still have a sweet tooth:). I pride myself on being open and honest, so please feel free to contact me at cassie@vsweetdessertco.com with any feedback or questions about me, V.Sweet products, or the Kickstarter project and I will get back to you quickly! Thank you!"
If you live in the Milwaukee/Waukesha area and you want to order some of her desserts, you can do so online and have them delivered, or you may be able to arrange for a pick-up/drop-off situation if you contact Cassie directly. Enjoy healthy sweets and support a local business at the same time!!
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Shiekh Mohammed bin Rashid was given a tour of the Dubai Canvas 3D Art Festival 2017.
DUBAI// Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid reaffirmed the UAE’s commitment to supporting innovation during a tour of the Dubai Canvas 3D Art Festival 2017.
Now in its third year the festival showcases the 3D artwork of 25 Emirati and international artists.
The Shiekh Mohammed, the Vice President and Ruler of Dubai said innovation was essential for future success and will not only allow the UAE to enhance its global profile but also further peace and understanding between people and nations.
The UAE seeks to achieve this through various initiatives that have served as incubators for innovators in various sectors, he said.
Mona Ghanem Al Marri, director general of the Government of Dubai Media Office (GDMO), briefed Sheikh Mohammed on the new additions to the festival, which is being held at City Walk and organised by Brand Dubai.
During the tour, he viewed the exhibits of the four local artists taking part in the festival.
Participating artists are also competing for the Dubai Canvas 3D Art Award, which features prize money of Dh2.3 million.
Sheikh Mohammed praised the launch of the award, the world’s first to recognise excellence in 3D art, which in turn reflects the UAE’s determination to support innovation and creativity.
He highlighted the importance of initiatives and projects that reflect the UAE’s modern outlook and help foster local talent, as well as raise the UAE’s profile as a cultural and knowledge hub.
During his tour, Sheikh Mohammed took a photo with those taking part and members of the organising team.
Ms Al Marri expressed her gratitude to Sheikh Mohammed for the continuous support for innovators and artists, which she said is the main reason behind the success of the event.
She said that Brand Dubai is committed to continue enhancing the festival in support of Dubai’s journey of innovation and creativity.
The festival is run in partnership with Dubai holding company Meraas.
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Help students build character, discover their leadership potential, and become engaged and active citizens in the community with Free Spirit’s resources for kids, teens, and educators. Several of our titles use true stories to inspire positive character development. Our award-winning leadership materials build the skills and attitudes needed to strengthen kids’ sense of leadership and teamwork. And our varied service learning resources help you integrate meaningful community service with instruction and reflection to enrich the learning experiences for students of all ages.
Create a school leadership culture where all students can lead.
Help young readers get the most out of the Real Kids, Real Stories series.
Maurice J. Elias, Ph.D. / Steven E. Tobias, Psy.D.
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I was not financially compensated for writing this post. I was provided a copy of Freedom Road to facilitate my review. My opinions are 100% honest and 100% mine.
A father’s selfish demands, broken booze bottles, and an unconscious mother are the fixtures in the daily life of 18-year-old Samantha Becker. Armed with her guitar and music to keep her comfort in a volatile world, Sam’s one dream to study classical guitar at Juilliard may very well be her salvation. But when her father’s careless actions lead to an “accident,” Sam’s ability to play the guitar dies along with her dreams of attending the renowned school. Sam then hides behind emotional barriers that have protected her for years, after having Losing all confidence in her future.
Just when Sam has given up, a budding friendship and an unexpected romance give her the hope she needs, forcing her to reevaluate all she’s ever known. With fresh conviction, Sam battles her father’s plans for her future, bandmates using her for personal gain, and a permanent injury. But will it be enough? Julliard auditions are almost here. Time’s running out, and Sam must re-learn to play the guitar or give up her dreams forever.
Freedom Road was a finalist in the USA Book Awards for Young Adult Fiction (2012) and a finalist in the Next Generation Indie Awards for Young Adult Fiction (2013) and was the second place/quarter-finalist in the Young Adult category of the Amazon Breakthrough Novel Awards.
I don’t normally read Young Adult Fiction, but I am so, so happy that I chose to do so when I got the opportunity to read Freedom Road. What a joy — although I feel somewhat guilty saying so, considering the themes and the events of this novel. But I can say that because it was such a treat to read such a wonderfully crafted book that had such an impact on my heart.
The story of Freedom Road is real, and heart-wrenching yet heart-warming at the same time, and tells a powerful and meaningful story. I don’t know which I should tout more — the skillful story-telling of T.M. Souders or the story itself. Both are most certainly worthy of discussion and I’m so impressed with both, honestly. There are so many adjectives I can use to describe this book: Moving. Compelling. Inspiring. Engaging. Touching. Emotional. Hopeful.
I could go on (and on, probably)…but, the important fact is, I loved reading this book that was outside of my “wheelhouse,” as they say. I was grateful for the chance to read it, happy to have made it part of my repertoire, and appreciated the opportunity to become acquainted with T.M. Souders in such an intimate way. I think you will feel the same, if you open your heart — and your bookshelf — to Freedom Road. You will feel something; perhaps you can relate to Sam’s predicament, her home life, her struggle, her complicated relationships with the people in her life…or maybe the story itself will just tug at your heartstrings, making you feel — something — empathy, compassion, encouragement…it’s going to be different for everyone, I would imagine. But one thing remains the same — you will feel. And that’s about all you can ask of a novel. It is for me, anyway.
T.M. Souders was born in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, grew up in the suburbs of Pittsburgh, and currently lives in rural Ohio with her family. After graduating with a degree in Psychology (and a minor in Women’s Studies) in 2004 from Youngstown State University. T.M. Souders is the author of a best-selling women’s fiction novel, Waiting on Hope, as well as the novelette Dashing Through The Snow. as well as this three-time award-winning Young Adult novel. Souders is the founder of The Serious Reader, which is a website aimed at connecting with readers, one book at a time. Feel free to head over to T.M. Souders website to learn more about her and her work.
You can purchase — and I encourage you to do so! — Freedom Road on Amazon , where it retails for $10.99 (paperback) or 99 cents (Kindle edition).
This giveaway is open worldwide (please check the terms and conditions regarding shipping outside the U.S.) and ends July 31 at 11:59 p.m. EST.
The sponsor, not Keenly Kristin, is responsible for prize fulfillment.
Wow! Thank you so much for the beautiful review!
I should be thanking you for giving us this beautiful novel. You are so gifted, in your storytelling, your writing, and your insight. Thank you!
Kristin recently posted..Trayvon Martin’s legacy is justice…for everyone.
This book might be out of my “wheelhouse” too.But I would love to read it.Great review!
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Get your hands on low cost estimates in a flash! With our no obligation, easy to use, lightning fast home services quotation system you'll receive offers directly from Home Interior professionals in Durham. Don't waste time, effort and money calling around for bids - let our system streamline the process for you.
If you want to find out what Wall Coverings can set you back in Durham stick your project specs into the form, hit submit, sit back and wait for the quotes to come rolling in. Then all you have to do is choose the lowest priced option. Submit the form and see how much you can save.
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Award-winning Rocky Mountain minstrel Joal Kamps will perform his Alberta-inspired music on the Ross Street Patio next week.
Jun. 21, 2014 4:37 a.m.
The singer/songwriter from Calgary will entertain on the Patio on Tuesday and Thursday, from 11:45 a.m. to 1:15 p.m.
Kamps released his second album, Heads is East, Tails is West, in April. It’s full of tunes shaped by the stories, sights and sounds of Alberta’s rich culture, landscape and history.
The folk-pop artist is also delving ever deeper into world music territory — which is understandable.
Among his “adventures” was sleeping in a car for six weeks during a harsh Canadian winter, walking Italian runways as a model during Men’s Fashion Week, and installing water filters in El Salvador.
His music now defies pigeon-holing as it encompasses upbeat tales of modern life, as well as haunting ballads and searching tunes about finding your way in a troubled world.
Kamps’ first album, Sojourner, won a Western Canadian Music Award and an Independent Music Award for the single Take My World Apart.
The seasoned performer, who has played at the Big Valley Jamboree and other festivals, looks forward to performing on an outdoor stage for lunchtime crowds in Red Deer.
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A humanitarian emergency continues to mobilize the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement in the Diffa region of Niger, on the border with Nigeria. Since February 2015, the conflict that was mainly affecting north-east Nigeria has spread to Niger, bringing death and displacement, with people fleeing yet again, under dangerous and difficult conditions. Many thousands of refugees, returnees and displaced persons are only surviving thanks to the solidarity of host families and aid from humanitarian organizations.
Since the conflict started, almost 160,000 people have received emergency food rations and over 17,500 have received household essential distributed by the ICRC and the Red Cross Society of Niger. Around 75,000 now have better access to water, thanks to 30 new water points. Diffa's regional hospital has been able to treat over 380 casualties after the ICRC provided material, medicines and specialized personnel.
The ICRC has registered and visited several hundred people detained in connection with the conflict, to assess their conditions of detention and ensure that they are being decently treated. Some of these detainees have been able to exchange messages with their families.
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{
"timestamp": "2019-04-24T20:30:44",
"url": "https://www.icrc.org/en/document/niger-helping-people-lake-chad-conflict",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Eighteen new one-star awards announced, with The Ritz finally receiving the accolade, while one new restaurant in each of the two-star and three-star categories were also awarded. In total, the Michelin Guide 2017 assessed 3375 establishments, 2144 of which were restaurants, and 1231 hotels and guesthouses.
Raby Hunt was the only two-star addition to the list this year, with chef and owner James Close delighted to join an elite of UK restaurants that can boast the award. Raby Hunt joins 20 other establishments on two-star status, alongside the likes of Dinner by Heston Blumenthal, Restaurant Nathan Outlaw, Le Gavroche, The Ledbury and more.
In total, three restaurants lost their two-michelin star status, with Hibiscus closing before the awards, and The Latymer and The Square both losing out. In the one-star category, 13 venues were downgraded, giving an increase year-on-year of just five.
You can see the full list of winners, together with the venues listed in the Bib Gourmand, a list of restaurants offering affordable Michelin-style dining, in the awards list here.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-25T18:03:46",
"url": "https://thefoodpeople.co.uk/blog/michelin-guide-2017-for-uk-ireland-round-up",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
contest websites like cssbeauty.com, mywebsitebites.com and pageantcenter.com.
Google search volume for "contest"
Description: CSS Beauty focuses on providing its audience with a database of well designed CSS based sites, as well as news and happenings on the CSS Design Community. It showcases designers work and serves as inspiration for those looking to build CSS based websites.
Description: My Website Bites 2010: A Contest for Ugly Web Sites. Enter your website for a chance to win a professionally re-designed website!
Title: Shoe Blog - Comfortable shoes meet fashion and trendy shoes for a perfect fit.
Description: The FastCash Guarantee! Withdrawals in under an hour or we'll give you a dollar!
Description: The Comedy Central Home Page features funny video clips, jokes and news from our Insider and Indecision blogs, along with TV show full episodes.
Title: Online-Sweepstakes.com - The web's premier sweepstakes and contest directory and community.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-18T22:41:03",
"url": "http://www.statshow.com/tag/contest",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
This page is not fully functional in Mac IE 5.
For your best browsing experience use a modern browser. If you are using Mac OS 9 or earlier, you can use Mozilla 1.2.1. If you are using Mac OS X, you can use the most recent version of Safari, Camino or Firefox.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-18T11:00:05",
"url": "http://saranderson.com/product/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
One small player does it all you want to do .
You can Listen to music, Watch movies, use it as a Voice recorder, View pictures, Read eBooks, Play Games and even store data and use it as a flash drive.
1.Please note that this is NOT an Apple Ipod. 1.78 inch TFT LCD, full color display Support AMV video.
2.Support a massive 16GB memory, you will be able to store approximately 5500+ MP3 songs, more than enough for that evening of easy listening you had planned. Itunes are not required, as this wonderful device prefers good old fashioned, freely available MP3 format.
3.Built-in game. Digital record function. Flash disk storage function. E-book function, Support txt file.
4.1.78" High Resolution Real Color LCD Screen. Electronic album, Support JPEG format photo.
I Need Your Help Promoting! I cannot do it without each and every one of you so please sign up today! Thanks so much!
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-21T05:15:37",
"url": "http://www.javajohnz.com/2015/07/16-gb-mp3-player-blogger-opp.html",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
There were games in hurling and football in three of the four provinces today.
Email “16 of our favourite pictures from today's GAA club action”.
Feedback on “16 of our favourite pictures from today's GAA club action”.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-22T02:17:28",
"url": "https://www.the42.ie/gaa-club-action-in-pictures-1758930-Nov2014/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
Android Jelly Bean has entered the dragon via ZTE N880E. The ZTE N880E was originally launched on Gingerbread platform in May 2012. It has already sold over a million units till date.
With the launch of upgraded version of this device, it becomes the third device in the world to run on Android 4.1 and the first in China.
This 10.4mm thick CDMA device is equipped with a 4.0-inch capacitive WVGA touchscreen and is powered by a 1GHz Qualcomm 7627A processor.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-24T00:34:38",
"url": "https://www.mobigyaan.com/android-jelly-bean-enters-china-via-zte-n880e",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
The first thing we need to let you know is the suite of American Express Canada credit card offers are some of the most elite cards in Canada and therefore this means your going to need an excellent credit rating to qualify.
So if you’ve got a really great credit score and want to take advantage of some very luxurious credit card perks then the line-up of card offers from American Express are perfect for you!
Here is a review of the benefits you can get when your credit is excellent and you expect more from a credit card company.
We know people like you, with an excellent credit score, are going to love the offers that American Express Canada is offering right now.
Find the deal that’s right for you and apply online now to take advantage of the prestigious credit card perks Canadians with excellent credit can get right now and apply online!
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-22T23:10:12",
"url": "http://veoreport.com/american-express-canada/",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
From polar ice to phytoplankton, parts of the earth system are constantly changing. At NASA, scientists strive to better understand these changes and how they are interconnected. Using remote-sensing data from satellites, this research diagnoses our planet’s current health and will help future generations and explorers understand the earth system as a whole.
This resource collection highlights the best of NASA's climate-related visualizations. Showcasing elements of the entire earth system, this compilation includes years of remarkable satellite data in one, convenient location.
+ Click here for ordering information.
Transcript: Sea ice in the arctic always increases a great deal in the wintertime. It decreases during the summertime. That’s true every year. What we’re more interested in is how it changes from one year to another. And we’ve seen – by using satellite data that gives us pictures of the entire sea ice cover – we’ve seen that it has retreated somewhat from the late 70’s until now, and that’s a concern because it is affecting other elements in the climate system.
This section also includes an interview with Josefino Comiso, Senior Scientist, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
Climate models show a potential doubling of crop damage due to excess soil moisture in US Corn Belt states over the next 30 years. The following images show projected rainfall increases (blue) and decreases (red).
a) Projections for 2020, 2050 and 2080, assuming high population and greenhouse emissions growth rates.
b) Projections assuming moderate growth rates.
Transcript: When NASA scientists look at remote sensing data, we are looking at trends, connections, and unusual changes – anything that is out of the ordinary that we wouldn’t normally expect to see. We have models that we’ve developed over the years that indicate to us and describe how we think things would happen and how we think things would change. But now we’re in a position of actually getting data so we can compare that data and what the data is telling us to the models that we have, and see if they both agree.
Transcript: In the "business as usual" scenario CO2 emissions continue to increase and we end up with an increase of a few hundred parts per million in carbon dioxide by the end of the century and CO2 still continuing up at that time.
It's pretty clear that business as usual will get us well into the range of dangerous effects – dangerous effects on sea level, on plant and animal species, on strengthening storms and stronger droughts - so we know that we don't want to have warming of 5 or 10 degrees. But how damaging is 1 or 2 or 3 degrees? We don't really know that.
If we want to find a climate that was warmer by 6-9 degrees Fahrenheit, we have to go all the way back to the middle Pliocene, about 3 million years ago. And at that time sea level was about 25 to 35 meters higher than it is today. That’s about -- 25 meters is about 80 feet. So, it is a huge sea level change. And that is something which, at all costs, we need to try to avoid because more than half the people in the world live within 50 miles of a coastline.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-22T08:40:30",
"url": "https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/earthandsun/climate_change.html",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
The persons shown in photographs on this website are stock photography models (Models) and are not actual patients of, nor are they affiliated with, H. Ghanbari, MD, H. Ghanbari, MD's direct and indirect parent companies, subsidiaries, or subsidiaries of its parent companies ("Affiliates"). H. Ghanbari, MD or H. Ghanbari, MD's Affiliates, have obtained the rights to use the photographs via license agreements with certain third party stock photography companies, and H. Ghanbari, MD or H. Ghanbari, MD's Affiliates use of the photographs is in compliance with the terms of those license agreements.
The photographs showing the Models are used on this website for illustrative purposes only. The Models do not personally endorse H. Ghanbari, MD, or any products, services, causes, or endeavors associated with, or provided by, H. Ghanbari, MD or any of H. Ghanbari, MD's Affiliates. The context in which the photographs are used on this website is not intended to reflect personally on any of the Models shown in the photographs. H. Ghanbari, MD, H. Ghanbari, MD's Affiliates, their respective officers, directors, employees, agents and/or independent contractors assume no liability for any consequence relating directly or indirectly to the use of the photographs showing the Models on this website.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-26T06:00:17",
"url": "https://hghanbarimd.com/privacy-policy.php",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
A moister sensor, for measuring moister in a building without leaving visible scars to the building surface, is provided. The moister sensor includes a flexible carrier carrying an antenna for receiving EM-radiation between 9 kHz and 11 MHz and a resonant circuit including a moister reactive element. The moister reactive element includes a hygroscopic electrolyte arranged between a first and a second electrode, wherein the electrolyte in the presence of moister forms mobile ions and provides a complex impedance at least in response to the alternating voltage, which complex impedance varies with the moister content of the electrolyte.
The present application hereby claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 on European patent application number 09165618.1 filed Jul. 16, 2009 and hereby claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) on U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/213,793 filed Jul. 16, 2009, the entire contents of each of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The invention relates to the field of moister sensors for buildings, and more specifically to moister sensors for measuring moister in building structures such as walls, floors and ceilings.
The presence of moister in e.g. bathroom floors, is a grave concern for many house owners as well as builders and contractors, as a neglected moister ingress may lead to mould affected areas and eventually unhealthy indoor conditions.
Today the amount of moister in a building structure, e.g. a building wall, floor or ceiling, is measured by making a hole in the surface and inserting a portion of a handheld moister measuring instrument into the hole. The moister level is thereafter read from a display.
This method has the disadvantage of permanently damaging the building surface, requiring a craftsman to conceal the damage, and leaving visually detectable scars on the building structure surface if not mended properly.
Furthermore, known moister devices and methods are further disadvantageous in terms of operation, handling, and functionality.
In “Novel flexible resistive type humidity sensor”, Sensors and actuators B, Elsevier Sequoia S. A., Lausanne, C H, vol 123, no 2, 6 May 2007, pages 1071-1076, Su et al. describe a resistive type humidity sensor. The sensor is formed on a polyester substrate provided with gold electrodes for connection of measurement devices.
In “Methods and Instruments for Measuring Moisture in Building Structures, Dissertation University of Helsinki, 18 Mar. 2005 (2005-03-18), XP007909926 ISBN: 978-951-22-7522-9, Voutilainen J. further describes methods and devices for measuring moisture in building.
a hygroscopic solid or solidified electrolyte arranged as a layer and spatially between said inert electrodes, which hygroscopic solid electrolyte at least in the presence of moister forms mobile ions selected from a group consisting of cations and anions, and which hygroscopic solid electrolyte provides a varying complex impedance at least in response to said alternating voltage being applied across said inert electrodes.
a hygroscopic solid electrolyte arranged as a layer and spatially between said inert electrodes, which hygroscopic solid electrolyte at least in the presence of moister forms ions, which ions are mobile in response to an alternating electric field, having a frequency between 9 kHz and 11 MHz, applied across said electrolyte, and which hygroscopic solid electrolyte provides a complex impedance at least in response to said alternating electric field, which complex impedance varies with a varying water content of said electrolyte.
In other words said hygroscopic electrolyte is preferably arranged such that it at least in the presence of moister forms mobile ions selected from a group consisting of cations and anions. In more detail, the ions are mobile when an alternating electric field within said first frequency range is applied across said electrolyte. Hence, the moister reactive element provides a complex impedance at least in response to said alternating voltage, which complex impedance varies with the moister content of the electrolyte.
Further, the electrolyte is preferably arranged such that the mobility of at least one group of ions varies with a varying moister content or water content of the electrolyte. According to one example the mobility of the at least one group of ions is increased with an increased moister or water content of the electrolyte.
In general, humidity sensors are divided into relative humidity (RH) sensors and absolute humidity sensors depending on their difference in measurement units. Further, the ones that are based on electrical impedance changes are commonly divided into two different types, resistive- and capacitive-type sensors. The resistive-type sensors are based on a change of the real part of the impedance of the sensing material with a change in the surrounding humidity while the capacitive-type sensors are based on a change of the imaginary part of the impedance. The most common capacitive-type humidity sensors uses a dielectric material as the active sensing material included in an interdigitated electrode configuration. Absorption of water into the dielectric layer changes its permittivity, thus modulating the capacitance.
In relation to this invention a complex impedance is an impedance with an imaginary part that is not equal to 0.
means arranged to convert said received electromagnetic signal to a value indicative of the presence of moister in said sensor.
comparison means arranged to compare said first impedance to second impedance and to determine the moister level of said first sensor based on the result of the comparison of said first and second moister levels.
According to a fourth aspect thereof, the invention relates to use of a moister reactive element as described above in a resonance circuit for determination of the presence of moister, or the amount of moister in the vicinity of the moister reactive element.
The invention is advantageous in that it provides a wirelessly readably sensor that is easy to manufacture by means of printing techniques and/or in a roll-to-roll process. In other words, because of its simplicity, the moister sensor could be manufactured by printing techniques and integrated into a low-cost passive electronic sensor label. Further, the electrolyte is preferably printable, such that it may easily be arranged on the carrier.
The sensor is advantageous as it may e.g. be applied to an intermediate layer of a building structure, as a step in the process of completing this surface. According to one example the sensor is applied within a putty, concrete or a similar material that has been applied to the building structure, while the putty etc. is still soft. A wireless reading of the sensor may thereafter be used to determine when the material has cured sufficiently, such that the craftsmen may continue with the next step in the completion of the building wall, floor or ceiling.
When the building surface has been completed the sensor may additionally or alternatively be used to monitor the moister level at the sensor at regular intervals. In this way an increased moister level may be readily observed and taken care of at an early stage.
According to the working principle of the moister sensor the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit is indicative of the amount of or presence of moister in the electrolyte, as the complex impedance of the moister element varies with the moister content of the electrolyte therein. This variation is mainly due to that in response to an increased amount of moister in the electrolyte, the movability of at least one ion group in the electrolyte is increased, and to some extent also due to that the number of ions formed in the hygroscopic electrolyte is increased. The presence of moveable ions in the electrolyte facilitates a polarization of the electrolyte by means of an applied electric field between the inert electrodes, i.e. an electric field applied across the electrolyte of the moister reactive element, as the applied electric field will cause a redistribution of the ions. In more detail, cations are attracted towards the negative electrode, and anions towards the positive electrode and at least some of the ions are movable within the electrolyte. A periodical switch of the polarity of the applied electric field makes the ions move to and from between the pair of electrodes, provided that the frequency is sufficiently low. If the frequency instead is too high, there will not be sufficient time for the ions to move any substantial distance before the field is switched again, as a result the ions stay in substantially the same place in the electrolyte, and no varying polarization of the electrolyte is achieved. This may also be expressed as the polarization of the electrolyte being slow. In more detail, for said too high frequencies, the electrolyte mainly displays a change in dielectric constant related to the change in humidity content, and no substantial change in the polarization capability. On the other hand, although the ions may not be sufficiently mobile to move all the way from one electrode to the other, before the direction of the electric field is switched, a smaller displacement of the ions also polarizes the electrolyte, and may be sufficient to establish an easily detectable polarization of the electrolyte.
In relation to this invention, when reference is made an ion or group of ions of the electrolyte being mobile, it means that the ion or group of ions is mobile at the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation which the antenna is arranged to receive, and at the frequency of the alternating field applied across the electrolyte, and across the inert electrodes of the moister reactive element.
According to one example, the first antenna is arranged to receive an electromagnetic (EM) signal within a frequency range from 9 kHz up to 11 MHz, or up to about 8.8 MHz, or up to about 7 MHz, or up to about 3.5 MHz, or up to about 2.5 MHz, or up to about 1 MHz.
According to further examples the first antenna is arranged to receive an EM-signal within a frequency range of 25 kHz to 500 kHz, or 50 kHz to 200 kHz, or 10 kHz to 150 kHz or 400 kHz-700 kHz or 800 kHz to 1 MHz.
According to one example, when a direct current (dc) voltage is applied across the electrolyte of the moister reactive element, electric double-layers are usually built up at the electrolyte/ electrode interfaces. Mobile cations and anions in the electrolyte layer migrate towards the negatively charged and the positively charged metal electrode, respectively, while the immobile anions and cations remain close to the positively charged and the negatively charged metal electrode, respectively. In the case of an AC voltage applied across the moister reactive element, the frequency response of the moister reactive element depends on the frequency of the voltage applied thereto. The area of the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode, in combination with the thickness of the electrolyte determines the properties of the moister reactive element for a predetermined selection of materials for the electrodes and the electrolyte.
In summary, it is advantageous that the variation of the complex impedance of the moister reactive element, in response to a variation in the moister content in the electrolyte, is sufficiently large in order to provide a detectable difference in frequency response related to different moister levels of the electrolyte at least when the moister reactive element is incorporated in a resonance circuit.
In essence the invention provides a device that allows for measurement of moister in building structures without any damage to the surface of the building structure. The moister sensor includes a flexible carrier carrying an antenna for receiving EM-radiation between 9 kHz and 11 MHz, or between 10 kHz and 1 MHz, and a resonant circuit comprising a moister reactive element. The moister reactive element comprises a hygroscopic electrolyte arranged between a first and a second electrode, wherein the electrolyte in the presence of moister forms mobile ions and provides a complex impedance at least in response to said alternating voltage, which complex impedance varies with the moister content of the electrolyte.
The invention is built on an insight that by providing a wirelessly readable moister sensor arranged as described above in an intermediate layer of the building structure, the presence of moister can be continuously detected by means of e.g. a hand-held reader, which activates the sensor by means of electromagnetic signals. This eliminates the need for introducing a measurement sensor through a drilled hole in the building surface, and facilitates the monitoring of the moister level in the building surface.
The inventors have realized that the ionic relaxation, which take place in e.g. polyelectrolyte at specific frequency ranges, may be used as a sensing probe in wireless moister sensors. The various relaxation mechanisms that take place are e.g. dipolar and ionic relaxations as well as double-layer formation when sandwiched between e.g. two metal electrodes.
According to one embodiment, the flexible carrier is provided with an adhesive layer for attaching said moister sensor to a floor or inner wall of a building. The adhesive layer facilitates easy installment and application of the moister sensor in different locations, such as to, or in, e.g. internal/external portions of walls or floors of buildings. Adhesive of various types are considered having set, cure, anneal, or fastening times between 0 and 100 seconds, or between 0.01 and 10 seconds, or between 0.5 and 2 second.
The adhesive may be based any adhesive material having suitable properties in relation to the intended application and the surface material it should be used with, or stick onto. The adhesive may for example be based on rubber, acrylic or silicone.
According to one embodiment all of the inert electrode layers and the hygroscopic electrolyte layer are arranged substantially in parallel. According to one embodiment said layers are stacked on top of each other.
According to one embodiment the hygroscopic solid electrolyte is sandwiched between the inert electrodes. In other words, the solid electrolyte is arranged between two electrode layers, which face each other.
According to one embodiment the interface area between the hygroscopic solid electrolyte and an a respective one of said first and second inert electrodes is smaller than the surface area of said respective one of said first and second inert electrodes. In other words, the interface area between the hygroscopic solid electrolyte and said first electrode is smaller than the surface area of said first inert electrode; or the interface area between the hygroscopic solid electrolyte and said first electrode is smaller than the surface area of said second inert electrode.
According to one embodiment the interface area between the hygroscopic solid electrolyte and said first electrode is smaller than the surface area of said electrolyte; and the interface area between the hygroscopic solid electrolyte and said first electrode is smaller than the surface area of said electrolyte.
That the electrolyte extends outside the electrode, or that the interface area between the electrolyte and the electrode is smaller than the surface area of at least one the electrode, is advantageous in that it facilitates moister ingress into the electrolyte. Further, it is also advantageous in that it aids in preventing accidental short cuts between the electrode and other near by circuitry, such as the other electrode of the moister reactive element.
According to one embodiment said electrolyte fully covers at least one of said inert electrodes. In other words, the surface area of at least one electrode is smaller than the surface area of the electrolyte, and according to one example the interface between the electrolyte and electrode extends to the surface edge of at least one of the electrodes. According to this example, the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode is in other words fully or partly encircled by portions of the electrode surface devoid of any electrolyte.
According to one embodiment said inert electrodes are in direct electrical contact with said electrolyte. This is advantageous as it prevents an electrochemical reaction between the electrode and the electrolyte.
According to one embodiment at least one of said first and second inert electrodes is provided with apertures or several through-holes having a diameter of 0.1 nm-1 mm or 1 nm-10 μm or 10 nm to 1 μm. This is advantageous at it facilitates moister ingress into the electrolyte between said electrodes.
According to one embodiment said inert electrodes are in direct electrical contact with said electrolyte. This is advantageous as it normally improves the polarizing effect of an electrical field applied between said first and second electrodes.
According to one embodiment said electrolyte is polarizable within said first frequency range. Hence, the ions in the electrolyte are sufficiently mobile, in response to a predetermined humidity and/or a predetermined voltage generated by said moister sensor antenna at normal use of the sensor, to provide a redistribution of charges, which redistribution results in a complex impedance of the electrolyte, which impedance varies with the moister uptake of the electrolyte as explained above.
That the electrolyte is polarisable is beneficial as it provides for the complex impedance of the moister reactive element, which makes the resonance frequency more pronounced.
According to one embodiment said resonant circuit and said antenna are both arranged on the same side of said carrier.
This is advantageous as it facilitates the manufacturing of the sensor, as all circuit components may be printed on the same side of the carrier.
According to one embodiment said circuit is a passive resonant circuit.
In relation to this invention a passive circuit is a circuit which is not directly connected to a power supply, but which circuit normally extracts the energy from a received electromagnetic signal from the reader.
This is advantageous as it provides a long time of usage, as the moister sensor is not dependent on the life of an included a battery.
According to one embodiment said electrolyte is a polymeric electrolyte, or polymer-based electrolyte. The use of a polymeric, or polymer-based, electrolyte usually provides low fabrication costs, ease of processing and manufacturing and high sensitivity. Polymer-based electrolytes include e.g. the following classes of solid electrolytes: (i) polymer electrolytes which are composed of a neutral polymer that is a matrix in which a salt is added. (ii) Polyelectrolytes are composed of polymer chain carrying ions.
Polyelectrolytes represent a family of solid-state electrolytes where the ionic charges are carried by the polymer chains while counter ions are condensed around the polymer chains. Polyelectrolytes are hygroscopic materials that can dissociate into ions upon water absorption. Various relaxation mechanisms (dipolar and ionic relaxations as well as double-layer formation when sandwiched between two metal electrodes) take place in the polyelectrolyte at different frequency ranges.
According to one embodiment said electrolyte, at least in the presence of moister, forms mobile ions selected from a group consisting of cations and anions, as well as immobile ions selected from a group consisting of polycations and polyanions.
According to one embodiment an encapsulation layer or protective layer covers the sensor circuitry and optionally the whole of the moister sensor surface. Preferably, the protective layer is made of a material which is durable, such as a plastic over-laminate or a printed varnish layer. The printing of a varnish is advantageous as it facilitates the application of the protective layer locally on the sensor. The protective layer or encapsulation layer may also be a layer comprising Teflon® and/or a moister permeable material such as GoreTex®.
The adhesive layer may be provided to the moister sensor as on outer-most layer, e.g. after the protective layer has been applied.
According to one example said resonant circuit, said antenna and said adhesive layer are all provided on the same side of said carrier, wherein said adhesive according to one example is arranged outside and around said circuitry, such that it does not cover the moister sensor.
According to another example, said resonant circuit and said antenna are both provided on the opposite side of said carrier compared to said adhesive layer, wherein said adhesive preferably covers more than 60% of the carrier layer.
According to a one aspect of the present invention, it relates to a method of producing a moister sensor, which method comprises providing a flexible substrate, printing an antenna and a resonance circuitry on said flexible substrate. The method further comprising the steps of providing a first electrode layer on said substrate, printing a layer of hygroscopic electrolyte on said first electrode, and providing a second electrode layer on said hygroscopic electrolyte. Advantageously, the moister sensors may be produced by efficiently using conventional techniques at low costs. Furthermore, according to an embodiment, the first and second electrodes are provided by means of printing.
According to one embodiment, the method of producing comprising the step of providing a lacquer layer. The lacquer layer advantageously provide insulation and/or protection for the first and second electrodes, and the electrolyte, wherein the lacquer layer may be arranged in a sandwiched, or interposed, configuration. The lacquer layer may further be patterned, or interrupted and used for defining the contact areas between the first and second electrodes and electrolyte. Also, the lacquer layer may be used and patterned for defining an active region of the moister reactive element formed by said electrolyte and first and second electrodes. The active region may be open and exposed to ambient, or surrounding, humidity conditions.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, it relates to the use of the moister sensor having a resonance circuit comprising a moister reactive element. The moister sensor may for example be used in various devices or products for moister measuring purposes, wherein wireless measurement of the moister level is suitable. For example, moister measurement of the functionality and tightness of the packaging of goods or food products.
In relation to this invention the term “flexible” means that something is capable of being bent or rolled normally by the application of a minor to medium hand force.
In relation to this invention the term “building structure” refers to an externally or internally arranged portion of the floor, ceiling or wall of a building, e.g. a bathroom wall.
In relation to this invention the term “antenna” refers to a structure that is capable of receiving an electromagnetic field and to convert this into a voltage or current. In the case of magnetic coupling between two inductors or two coils, each inductor or coil may represent one antenna.
According to one embodiment the antenna is arranged as a loop antenna. According to another embodiment the antenna is arranged as a half-wave dipole antenna. Advantageously, this corresponds to designs which are straight-forward to manufacture. According to yet one embodiment, the antenna is arranged as a half-wave folded dipole antenna. This is advantageous as it facilitates the arrangement of the antenna in a more confined way. A dipole antenna can be folded in many different ways, as is known in the art. The antenna may for example be folded with straight angles, e.g. in a meander shape. According to one example the antenna is given a meander shape or the shape of a square wave, having either a constant or varying amplitude. Optionally, one or several of the antenna folds may be obtuse, acute or rounded.
In relation to this invention the term “resonant circuit” refers to a circuit comprising at least an inductor and a capacitor or two component combining these properties, wherein resonance occurs at a particular frequency when the total inductive reactance and the total capacitive reactance are of equal magnitude. The frequency at which this equality holds for the particular circuit is called the resonant frequency. The circuit may be arranged as a series resonant or parallell resonant. The resonant circuit may include a combination of several inductors, several capacitors and/or several resonators as is known in the art.
Normally, the voltage or current in the resonant circuit alternate with substantially the same frequency as the frequency of the received electromagnetic signal.
The electromagnetic signal may be a magnetic coupling between an inductor arranged in the reader and an inductor arranged in the sensor, or it may be a radio signal emitted by the reader, which is received by the antenna of the sensor device.
In relation to this invention “an electrochemically substantially inert material” is a material which does not readily react electrochemically with the hygroscopic electrolyte. Examples of such materials are gold, platinum, palladium, a conducting form of carbon, metal nano particles, and liquid metal alloys such as GaInSn, mercury.
According to one example the top inert electrode is provided by printing a substantially dry paste comprising at least one of said electrochemically substantially inert materials on the electrolyte layer. When a liquid emulsion, dispersion or solution comprising at least one of said electrochemically substantially inert materials is provided as top electrode, the solvent molecules tend to penetrate more into the electrolyte layer, compared to when a dry paste is used. In other words, using a dry a paste as top electrode has the advantage of leaving some of the electrolyte layer intact, such that it may still act as an electronic insulator in the moister reactive element, as the molecules of the dry paste does not penetrate as far into the electrolyte layer as the molecules of the other materials. Further dry paste may be used for both moister reactive element electrodes.
According to one embodiment at least one of the inert electrodes comprises carbon, which may be provided in the form a dry carbon paste. The use of carbon is advantageous as it usually provides a more linear frequency response of the circuit related to humidity content in a larger portion of the humidity range.
Do note that there is usually a minor electrochemical reaction between any combination of different materials, but there are some materials that are specifically prone to electrochemical reactions in combination with the electrolyte, e.g. PEDOT:PSS. Such material are obviously not to be regarded as electrochemical inert materials. In more detail, an electrochemical inert material is a material which does not undergo a substantial electrochemical reaction with the electrolyte at the potentials generated across the electrolyte by the signal received from the reader.
In relation to this invention the term “hygroscopic electrolyte” refers to any electrolyte (polymer-based, polymeric or inorganic) that posses a water uptake larger than 10% at room temperature, Water uptake is defined as (Wwet-Wdry)/Wdry, where Wwet and Wdry are the weights of fully hydrated and dehydrated layer, respectively.
According to one example the composition of the electrolyte is choosen such that the ions can move even without any presence of water, i.e. the ions are not too large and the polymer matrix is permeable for those ions. Due to the electrolyte being hygroscopic the movability of the ions will increase with an increased moister content.
Electrolyte: According to one embodiment of the invention said electrolyte or electrolyte layer preferably is an organic, organometallic or inorganic material which dissociates partially in ions. The ion conductivity is preferably at least larger than 10−7 S/cm at 10% RH.The organic electrolyte is preferably a molecular, macromolecular, oligomeric, polymeric electrolyte, selected from a group comprising for example ionic surfactants or ionic detergents, ionic liquids, ionic gels i.e. ionic liquid and a polymer,fatty acids, amino-acid based molecules and polymers (such as proteins), saccharides or polysacharrides, biomolecules and macromolecules with phosphate groups (e.g. DNA, phosphoglycerides, phospholipids), oligoions or polyions.
According to one embodiment of the invention said electrolyte layer comprises an acid-functional homopolymer or homooligomer or an acid-functional copolymer or cooligomer. In other words, the electrolyte layer of said sensor preferably is an oligomeric or polymeric acid having at least one acid-functional group.
Hence, said electrolyte layer preferably comprises additives, which facilitates the operation and/or manufacturing of said sensor device or improve its resistance. For example, said oligomeric or polymeric acid of said electrolyte is preferably cross-linked, in order to reduce its solubility with water, such that e.g. water droplets which condensate on the moister reactive element do not interfere with the frequency response of the sensor, e.g. by from dissolving the electrolyte film. Further, said oligomeric or polymeric acid is preferably cross-linked by an external cross-linker. It is even more preferred that said external cross-linker has two or more glycidyl groups. Advantageously, said external cross-linker is polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEG-DEG).
When the electrolyte comprises PSS, silane derivatives, for instance the gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (A 187 Silquest), may advantageously be used as a cross-linker. The cross-linker may be induced by low temperature annealing treatment (e.g. T<100° C.). The use of this type of cross-linker also facilitates the manufacturing of the moister reactive element, as the cross-linked electrolyte is less sensitive to that water drops or drops of solvent get in contact with the electrolyte during the manufacturing of the sensor.
For the purposes of the invention, “a solid electrolyte” or “a solidified electrolyte” means an electrolyte, which at the temperatures at which it is used is sufficiently rigid that particles/flakes in the bulk therein are substantially immobilised by the high viscosity/rigidity of the electrolyte and that it does not flow or leak. In the preferred case, such an electrolyte has the proper rheological properties to allow for the ready application of this material on a support or substrate in an integral sheet or in a pattern, for example by conventional printing methods. After deposition, the electrolyte formulation should solidify upon evaporation of solvent or because of a chemical cross-linking reaction, brought about by additional chemical reagents or by physical effect, such as irradiation by ultraviolet, infrared or microwave radiation, cooling or any other such. The solidified electrolyte preferably comprises an aqueous or organic solvent-containing gel, such as gelatine or a polymeric gel. However, solid polymeric electrolytes are also contemplated and fall within the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the definition also encompasses liquid electrolyte solutions soaked into, or in any other way hosted by, an appropriate matrix material, such as a paper, a fabric or a porous polymer.
Electrodes: “electrodes” in devices according to the invention are structures that are composed of an electrically conducting material.
In relation to this invention “direct electrical contact” refers to direct physical contact (common interface) between two phases (for example an electrode and electrolyte) that allows for the exchange of charges through the interface. Charge exchange through the interface can comprise transfer of electrons between electrically conducting phases, transfer of ions between ionically conducting phases, or conversion between electronic current and ionic current by means of electrochemistry at an interface between for example counter element and electrolyte or electrolyte and electrochromic element.
Layer: according to one embodiment, the humidity sensor has a laminate structure and consists of “layers” of different materials. These layers can be continuous or patterned or interrupted, and can be applied to each other (self-supporting device) or to a support (supported device). Furthermore, the term layer is intended to encompass all of the same material in the same plane, regardless whether this material is patterned or interrupted in such a way as to form discontinuous “islands” in the plane. The humidity sensor circuitry preferably has a planar configuration.
Direct electrical contact: Direct physical contact (common interface) between two phases (for example counter element and electrolyte) that allows for the exchange of charges through the interface. Charge exchange through the interface can comprise transfer of electrons between electrically conducting phases, transfer of ions between ionically conducting phases, or conversion between electronic current and ionic current by means of electrochemistry at an interface between for example counter element and electrolyte or electrolyte and electrochromic element, or by occurrence of capacitive currents due to the charging of the Helmholtz layer at such an interface.
Further objectives of, features of, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent when studying the following detailed disclosure, the drawing and the appended claims. Those skilled in the art realize that different features of the present invention can be combined to create embodiments other than those described herein.
FIG. 1 a is a schematic illustration of an inductively coupled sensor system for wireless humidity sensing.
FIG. 1 c schematically shows a crossection of the moister sensor described in relation to FIG. 1 b.
FIG. 2 a is a representation of the chemical structure of PSS:H in its protonated and deprotonated form, respectively.
FIG. 2 b schematically illustrates one example of the moister reactive element.
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a circuit configuration of one example of a moister sensor and a moister sensor reader.
FIGS. 4 a and 4 b are diagrams illustrating the real and imaginary part of the impedance of a moister reactive element as a function of frequency for different levels of RH.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the resonance frequency of a moister sensor versus the RH, when read wirelessly. The symbols represent the average of three sensors and the error bars represent min and max values.
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates the cross-section of an embodiment of the moister reactive element.
FIG. 7 is a diagram representative of wireless readout output from an embodiment of the moister sensor.
FIG. 8 is a diagram representative of the evolution of the resonant frequency versus relative humidity associated with an embodiment of the moister sensor.
FIG. 9 to FIG. 12 are a diagrams representative of the real part, imaginare part, and the phase shift of the impedance, and the capacitance of the a moister active element as a function of frequency for different levels.
FIGS. 13 a and 13 b schematically illustrate embodiments of the moister active element.
FIGS. 14 a and 14 b schematically illustrate an embodiment of an integrated moister sensor, and exemplified manufacturing thereof.
FIG. 15 is a diagram representative of exemplifying result for an integrated moiser sensor.
FIG. 1 a is a schematic illustration of an inductively coupled sensor system for wireless humidity sension. The sensor system comprises a reader device and an electronic sensor. The electronic sensor comprises a flexible carrier comprising e.g. paper or plastic, whereon a resonant sensor circuit is arranged. The sensor circuit comprises a moister reactive element, is connected to an inductor, and is powered remotely via an alternating magnetic field sent from an antenna of the reader. The impedance of the electronic sensor is reflected to the reader device, enabling the humidity sensitive resonance frequency of the electronic sensor to be readout at the reader side. Thus, the humidity level surrounding the electronic sensor and more particularly the moister reactive element can be read out wirelessly without the need of a power source such as a battery being arranged on the electronic sensor.
FIG. 1 b schematically shows a configuration of a moister sensor 100 and a reader 160 according to one embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 1 c schematically shows a crossection of the moister sensor described in relation to FIG. 1 b.
The circuitry 103, 104 of the moister sensor comprises a first antenna 104 arranged to receive electromagnetic radiation from a reader 160, and to convert this into a voltage and/or current which modifies a moister reactive element 110, i.e. an element the properites of which is altered in response to an alteration of the moister level in the absolute vicinity of the moister reactive element, of a passive resonant circuit 103. The antenna 104 is connected in parallell with the resonant circuit 103.
In its most basic configuration the resonant circuit comprises only the moister reactive element arranged in series or parallell with an inductor. The moister reactive element may also be arranged in series or parallell with at least one inductor and at least one capacitor.
An example of a basic moister sensor comprises just the moister reactive element connected in parallell with an inductor, where the inductor serves both as an antenna, for receiving the electromagnetic radiation, and as an inductor, for providing a varying resonance frequency in combination with the moister reactive element. In other words, the resonant circuit comprises just the moister reactive element, which in combination with the antenna provides a resonance frequency which varies with the moister within the moister reactive element. In order to optimize the frequency response of the circuit the resonance circuit may be arranged with one or more additional capacitors, inductors or resistors.
According to the example illustrated in FIG. 1 the resonant circuit comprises a moister reactive element 110 connected in serises with an inductor 121. The moister reactive element 110 and the inductor 121 are in turn connected in parallell with a first and a second serially connected capacitor 121 a, 121 b.
For all embodiments of the moister sensor the properites of the antenna as well as the components in the resonant circuit are tuned or selected such that the resulting AC-voltage applied across the electrolyte results in a desired resolution in the frequency response of the moister reactive element, i.e. that the difference in polarization of the electrolyte for different moister levels results in an easily detecable difference in frequency response.
Further the frequency response of the moister reactive element is also tunable. By e.g. selecting a larger interface between the electrodes and the electrolyte, a higher impedance of the moister reactive element is provided. In general it is the combinded properties of the antenna and the components of the resonant circuit including the moister sensitive element that will determine the response of the moister sensor.
According to one example the moister sensor 100 may be manufactured by providing a flexible substrate whereon the antenna and the resonant circuit is printed by means of conventional methods, such as ink jet printing or roll to roll printing. The moister reactive element may be printed on the flexible substrate by first printing one of the electrodes 112, thereafter printing a layer of electrolyte 113, and on top of this printing the other electrode 111. A moister permeable cover may be applied on top of the moister selective element 108, and finally an encapsulation layer 107 is sealed such that it covers the whole of, or e.g. at least one side of, said flexible substrate but leaving at least a portion of said moister permeable cover exposed to moister surrounding said sensor.
In other words, the moister sensor comprises a flexible carrier 101 provided with an adhesive layer 102 for attaching said sensor to a floor or inner wall of a building. The adhesive layer may be provided on an optional side of the moister sensor, as long as it allows the sensor to be applied to a building surface.
The moister sensor further comprises a resonant circuit 103 printed on said carrier 101, as well as a first antenna 104 which is also printed on said carrier. In more detail, the left hand rectangle indicated by a dashed line encircles the antenna portion 104 of the moister sensor, while the right hand rectangle indicated by a dashed line encircles the resonant circuit portion 103 of the moister sensor.
The antenna is arranged to receive an electromagnetic signal 105 within a first frequency range of 9 kHz to 11 MHz usually from a reader; to convert the signal into an AC voltage and/or an AC current, which voltage and/or current is arranged to alternate within said first frequency range; and to feed said voltage and/or current to said resonant circuit 103. The received voltage and/or current is modified by the resonant circuit 103 and, the first antenna 104 is further arranged to emit an electromagnetic signal 106 indicative of the impedance of said resonant circuit 103.
The resonant circuit 103 is provided with a moister reactive element 110, which comprises a first and a second inert electrode 111, 112 comprising electrochemically substantially inert material, as well as a hygroscopic printable solid electrolyte 113 arranged between said electrodes. The electrolyte is arranged such that it at least in the presence of moister forms ions selected from a group consisting of cations and anions, and which electrolyte provides a complex impedance in response to said alternating voltage. The electrolyte is further arranged such that the movability of at least one category of ions is increased, in response to an increased amount of moister in the electrolyte.
According to this example the moister reactive element 110 containing electrolyte is arranged in series with an inductor 121, and the moister reactive element 110 and the inductor are arranged in parallel with two additional capacitors 121 a, 121 b, which do not comprise any polarizable electrolyte.
The moister sensor further comprises an encapsulation layer 107 sealing and protecting said moister sensor, which layer comprises a humidity permeable portion 108. One of the purposes of the encapsulation layer is to prevent water droplets to be in direct contact with the electrolyte of the moister reactive element. Upon such contact, the water may penetrate by means of osmosis between the electrodes and dissolve the electrolyte and thus destroy the sensor. The encapsulation should preferably permit vapor to pass into the electrolyte of the sensor, but prevent liquids from entering.
According to one example the sensor is applied on or inside an intermediate surface (wall, floor or ceiling) of a building, such as behind the damp-proof course of a bathroom wall or floor, on top of which course a layer of tile adhesive and later tiles are provided. If desired, the moister sensor may also be provided e.g. between the damp-proof course and the top layer of the floor or wall.
At any time the sensor circuit may than be read by providing a moister sensor reader within a reading range of the sensor. The moister sensor reader emits an electromagnetic signal which is received by the antenna of the moister sensor. The emitted signal is usually either a signal comprising a single frequency, or a signal comprising a frequency sweep starting at first frequency followed by an increase or decrease of this signal to a final frequency. The increase or decrease of the signal may be a continuous or discontinuous sweep through the intermediate frequencies, i.e. the frequencies intermediate said first frequency and said final frequency.
The received frequency is modified by the resonance circuitry and a resulting frequency, which is dependent on e.g. the frequency of the signal received from said reader as well as the impedance of said moister reactive element comprising electrolyte, is emitted from said moister sensor.
The emitted resulting frequency from said moister sensor is received by said reader, and the value is converted into the corresponding moister value which is displayed to the user of the moister sensor reader, e.g. by means of a look-up table.
In other words, the impedance of the resonance circuitry may alternate which alters the resonance frequency of the resonance circuitry which, in turn, may be detected, or measured, wirelessly using the moister sensor reader.
For the purpose of reading the moister sensor, there are a number of suitable readers known in the art of wireless communication. Any reader which can emit suitable signal, with a suitable frequency variation, receive the electromagnetic signal emitted from said moister sensor, and which can be programmed to convert the received electromagnetic signal to a moister value may be used.
FIG. 2 a illustrates the chemical structure of PSS:H in its protonated from (left) and its deprotonated form (right).
Below detailed examples are given, wherein low frequency relaxation phenomena in solid electrolytes is used as the sensing mechanism in a wireless humidity sensor system or a moister sensor system. In more detail, the RH dependence on the real and the imaginary parts of the total impedance of an 80 nm thick solid-state polyanionic polyelectrolyte named poly(styrenesulfonic acid) or PSS:H, sandwiched between two titanium electrodes forming a vertical capacitor structure or an impedance type structure, was analyzed with impedance spectroscopy at different levels of the relatice humidity RH (10% to 90% RH). The polyelectrolyte moister reactive element, corresponding to the humidity sensitive part, was then connected to an additional capacitor and inductor to form a resonance circuit from which the humidity level was readout wirelessly by monitoring the resonance frequency.
The moister reactive elements were manufactured by spin-coating a thin film (80 nm) of PSS:H onto a global titanium electrode previously vacuum deposited onto a silicon wafer. The PSS:H solution (provided by AGFA-Geveart) was further diluted with deionized water and then filtered using a glass microfiber filter (GMF) membrane whose pore's diameter was about 1 μm. After deposition, the polymer film was annealed under vacuum at 110° C. for 90 s. On top of the polymer film circular titanium electrodes were vacuum deposited through a shadow mask. The resulting cylindrical capacitors or moister reactive element had a capacitor plate area or an electrode area of approximately 7×10−4 cm2.
The polyelectrolyte moister reactive elements were characterized by impedance spectroscopy with a high resolution dielectric analyzer (Novocontrol Technologies GmbH). The amplitude of the AC voltage was 0.1 V and the frequency was swept or scanned from 1 MHz to 100 Hz. Each measurement was conducted at different levels of the RH using a Challenge 160 environmental chamber (Angelantoni Industries). The temperature was held constant at 20° C. while the RH was varied from 10% to 90% RH in steps of 10% RH. The moister reactive elements responded rapidly to changes in the RH (˜1 min), but to ensure that the absorbed water was equilibrated with the vapor phase, the impedance measurement at each RH level was recorded 30 min after the RH was set to a specific level. The impedance characteristics of the polyelectrolyte moister reactive elements were recorded on the form Z=ZRe(f)+jZIm(f), where ZRe and ZIm represent the frequency (f) dependent real and imaginary parts of the total impedance Z.
One example of the circuitry of the moister sensor and the reader or reader device is illustrated in FIG. 3. According to this specific example, a reader device, having a setup comprising a resistor RR=1 Ω and an inductor LR=35 μH connected in series with a signal generator is provided. The reader was separated from the moister sensor via an air gap of 1 cm. In the sensor circuit, with LS=8 μH and C=6.6 nF, the impedance element Z (Z=ZRe+jZIm) corresponds to the polyelectrolyte-based moister reactive element, an 80 nm thin layer of PSS:H sandwiched between two titanium electrodes. The sensor is powered by the reader via inductive coupling. The impedance of the sensor is then reflected to the reader resulting in that the resonance frequency of the sensor, which corresponds to the measured humidity level, can be analyzed at the reader.
The wireless readout was achieved using a reader antenna connected to an E4407B spectrum analyzer (Hewlett Packard). The output signal (2 mW) of the spectrum analyzer was sourcing the reader antenna, which was physically separated from the sensor circuit with an air gap of 1 cm. The reader antenna consisted of an antenna coil (LR) connected in series with a resistor (RR=1 Ω); while the moister sensor circuit was composed of a coil (LS), a capacitor (C) and the polyelectrolyte moister reactive element connected in parallel. Since the impedance of the secondary side circuit (the sensor circuit) will be reflected to the primary side (the reader); the resonance frequency of the sensor circuit can be wirelessly readout utilizing the reader antenna. This was done by analyzing the frequency response of the reader antenna using the spectrum analyzer. The reader and sensor coils were fabricated by hand and their inductance values were estimated experimentally to be LR=35 μH and LS=8 μH. The value of the additional capacitor in the sensor circuit was C=6.6 nF. The measurements performed on the sensor circuit involved the same equipment and followed the same procedure as described for the measurements performed on the polyelectrolyte capacitors to control the RH. To ensure that the observed shift of the resonance frequency originated only from the polyelectrolyte capacitor, the other circuitry of the sensor circuit was placed outside the climate chamber.
When a dc voltage is applied to the polyelectrolyte moister reactive element, electric double-layers are built up at the polyelectrolyte/metal electrode interfaces. Mobile protons (H+) in the polyelectrolyte layer migrate towards the negatively charged metal electrode while the immobile polyanions (PSS−) remain close to the positively charged metal electrode. In the case of an ac voltage applied across the polyelectrolyte moister reactive element, the response or polarization characteristics of the moister reactive element depend on the frequency of the voltage. In the frequency range of this study, two different relaxation phenomena can be identified by analyzing the real and the imaginary parts of the impedance.
The real part ZRe and the imaginary part ZIm of the impedance of the polyelectrolyte-based moister reactive element, i.e. a 80 nm thin PSS:H layer sandwiched between two titanium electrodes) are given as functions of frequency for different RH levels (presented in steps of 20% RH between 10% to 90% RH for clarification), in FIGS. 4 a and 4 b, respectively. The insert in FIG. 4 b shows the evolution fo the transistion frequency, representing the frequency where |ZIm|=|ZRe|, versus the RH. Both ZRe and ZIm are functions of the frequency and the RH. ZRe starts to show RH dependence at frequencies above about 800 Hz, while ZIm starts to show RH dependence at considerably higher frequencies (about 60 kHz). Note that ZIm at 30% and 50% RH and at 70% and 90% RH, respectively, are harder to distinguish from each other. At 10% RH, |ZIm|=|ZRe| at ˜12 kHz. This frequency, here called the transition frequency, represents the transition between the two relaxation mechanisms. Below the transition frequency, |ZIm|>|ZRe|; thus indicating a dominant capacitive character of the impedance. The high value of the imaginary impedance found in this low frequency region, which corresponds to a large effective capacitance (CEff˜20 μF cm−2 at 100 Hz, CEff=[2πf|ZIm|]−1), is associated with the formation of electric double-layers at the polyelectrolyte/metal electrode interfaces. Above the transition frequency, |ZRe|>|ZIm|, i.e. the impedance acquires a dominant resistive character. This is believed to originate from dissociated protons migrating away from the polymer chains in the oscillating electric field. This is referred to as ionic relaxation. The transition between these two relaxation mechanisms is suddenly shifted to significantly higher frequencies above 50% RH, see inset in FIG. 4 b). Above 100 kHz, |ZRe|>|ZIm| between 10% and 50% RH while |ZIm|’2|ZRe| at higher RH levels, which means that, the resistive part of the impedance dominates in dry conditions; while the capacitive dominates in humid conditions. Hence, the moister reactive element is neither classified as a capacitive-type sensor nor as a resistive-type sensor, but rather as a hybrid of both types: here referred to as an impedance-type sensor.
To complete the moister sensor and obtain a humidity sensitive resonance circuit, an inductor (LS) was added in parallel to the polyelectrolyte moister selective element, as is illustrated in FIG. 3. An inductor in the form of a circular loop antenna with LS=8 μH was used in our study. Planar inductors with such inductance value can be manufactured using low-cost and high volume manufacturing techniques today. Adding a capacitor (C=6.6 nF) in parallel to the polyelectrolyte moister reactive element and the coil (LS) shifts the resonance frequency range of the sensor circuit to the specific RH sensitive frequency region and creates a more well-defined resonance peak. The addition of the capacitor (C) in parallel to the polyelectrolyte capacitor resulted in a more pronounced capacitive behavior of the impedance characteristics of these two capacitive elements alone. The imaginary part of this impedance was higher than the real part independently of the frequency and the RH. The imaginary part showed a weak RH dependence above 20 kHz while the real part showed a clear RH dependence above 4 kHz. The electrical circuit of the resulting sensor circuit is shown in FIG. 3 together with the circuit of the reader setup. As a consequence of the inductive coupling between the two coils the impedance of the sensor circuit will be reflected to the reader circuit, resulting in that the resonance frequency of the sensor circuit can be wirelessly readout at the reader side.
The configuration of the sensor circuit results in that a change in ZRe and ZIm, of the polyelectrolyte moister reactive element, influences the resonance frequency. The resonance frequency of the resulting sensor circuit is RH dependent giving the highest resonance frequency for the driest conditions, see FIG. 5. The resonance frequency is about 665 kHz at 10% RH and decreases in a non-linear fashion down to 468 kHz at 90% RH. Three different regimes of the resonance frequency are observed: (i) between 10% and 50% RH the resonance frequency decreases slightly (from 665 kHz to 639 kHz, corresponding to a sensitivity (S) of 0.65 kHz/% RH assuming a linear dependence in this regime), (ii) between 50% and 70% RH the resonance frequency drops drastically (from 639 kHz to 504 kHz) and defines the most sensitive region for the sensor with S=6.75 kHz/% RH; and (iii) above 70% RH the resonance frequency continues to decrease (from 504 kHz to 468 kHz at 90% RH) with S=1.80 kHz/% RH. Hence, the sensitivity of the sensor is not constant versus the RH. This can be explained from previous observations and models for proton transport in solid electrolytes. In a dry film protons are localized by electrostatic interaction in proximity to the sulfonate groups of the polyanions. Upon absorption of water, hydronium ions (H3O+) are formed that screen this electrostatic interaction. This results in lower activation energy for proton transport. The conductivity mechanism at relatively low concentrations of hydronium is likely taking place as “vehicular” transport, in which proton migration is assisted by translational dynamics of larger species, “vehicles”, here identified as H3O+. This mechanism of proton transport is likely the origin of the moderate increase of the transition frequency in the 10% to 50% RH region (FIG. 4 b) as well as the first plateau, in the same RH range, of the resonance frequency of the sensor circuit (FIG. 5). Between 50% and 70% RH, a drastic change of the transition frequency and the resonance frequency are observed. At those hydration levels, the amount of absorbed water is large enough to provide percolation paths, in which proton transport takes place via hopping between absorbed water molecules. This mechanism is frequently termed as the Grotthuss mechanism or structure diffusion. At higher humidity levels, the transition frequency is expected to saturate since the proton mobility is known to reach a maximum at high humidity levels.
In other words, a thin polyelectrolyte proton membrane sandwiched between two electrodes may constitute the sensor device for wireless humidity sensing. The microscopic mechanisms that are responsible for the humidity sensing discussed in relation to this experiment is believed to be due to the proton motion within the membrane, either migration away from the polymer chains (resistive character) or accumulation along the metal surface within electric double-layers (capacitive character). Those two events overlap such that both the real and the imaginary parts of the impedance vary with the relative humidity. As a consequence, when a polyelectrolyte is used as the “dielectric medium” in a moister reactive element, the device is neither a pure resistive-type sensor nor a pure capacitive-type sensor. The achievement of wireless sensing by connecting an inductor to moister selective sensor via an additional component provides direct translation of the humidity dependent proton motion into a shift in the resonance frequency of the sensor circuit used. The impedance-type sensor circuit is a simple device that can be integrated into a low-cost passive electronic sensor label that can be manufactured using common printing technologies of today.
With reference to FIG. 6, an exemplifying embodiment of a moister sensor 610 is shown. The moister sensor comprises and may be fabricated from materials that can be printed, or laminated, wherein the bottom electrode 612 may be formed by patterning an Al foil (9 μm-thick) on plastic films. The electrolyte comprises a poly(styrene sulfonic acid) sodium salt (PSSNa) (M.W 500,000) and is screen printed on the Al foil to form a 5-10 μm-thick layer. A circular top carbon electrode is afterwards screen printed on top of PSSNa, giving rise to the “dot-type” architecture for the sensor. The wireless readout output from the spectrum analyzer are displayed in FIG. 7, while the evolution of the resonant frequency versus humidity is summarized in FIG. 8. The evolution of resonant frequency versus relative humidity is clearly shown. A shift of resonant frequency from 190 kHz to 150 kHz is observed when relative humidity increases from 10% to 90%.
In FIGS. 9-12, frequency dependent operational and functional properties of the moister active element, e.g. based on the ‘dot’-type structure, are presented. As illustrated, in frequency region up to ˜10 MHz, the sensor shows change of its impedance versus humidity. Hence, the moister sensor, based on wireless humidity sensing via ion-motion, may be operational up to, and likely beyond, 10 Mhz, such as up to 11 MHz region.
With reference to the impedance characteristics described in FIGS. 4 a, 4 b and 5, FIG. 9 illustrates the real part of the real part Zs′ of the impedance of the moister active element as described with reference to FIG. 6, FIG. 10 illustrates the imaginare part Zs″, FIG. 11 illustrates the phase shift Phi as a function of frequency for different relative humidity levels (RH), and FIG. 12 illustrates the effective capacitance Cs′ (F/cm2).
FIGS. 13 a and 13 b illustrate further embodiments of moister active elements 1310 a and 1310 b formed by e.g. printing techniques, such as screen printing. The moister active elements 1310 a and 1310 b each comprises a first inert electrode 1311 comprising, or formed of, carbon, and a second inert electrode 1312 of an aluminum foil. A hygroscopic, humidity sensitive, electrolyte layer 1313 is arranged between the first and second electrodes 1311, 1312. For example, the electrolyte layer 1313 comprises Poly(styrene sulfonic acid) sodium salt, PSSNa (M.W 500,000). As further illustrated, a lacquer layer 1315, intended for insulating and/or protecting, may be arranged between the electrolyte 1315 and the first carbon electrode 1311.
The electrolyte layer 1313 may be formed by deposition of electrolyte paste comprising de-ionized water and isopropanol solvent onto the aluminum electrode 1312. After evaporating the solvent in the electrolyte paste, the lacquer layer 1315 is printed on a portion of the electrolyte layer 1313, after which the lacquer layer is UV-cured.
The electrolyte layer 1313 of the moister active element 1310 a comprises an open area, which is not covered by the lacquer layer 1315, and which may be utilized as an effective area of the moister active element 1310 a wherein the carbon electrode 1311 is deposited such that a portion of the effective area is covered. In other words, the effective area of the moister active element may defined by an opening in lacquer layer, which restricts and controls the absorption of e.g. water vapor. Hence, the sensitivity of the sensor may be controlled. The deposited carbon electrode 1311 may further be dried in a dryer.
The lacquer layer 1315 facilitates the manufacturing of the moister sensor, wherein the moister active element may be integrated with the antenna to form the moister sensor device. The lacquer layer 1315 may further be arranged to define the contact area between the first electrode 1311 and the electrolyte layer 1313, as illustrated in FIG. 13 b.
FIG. 14 a schematically illustrates manufacturing steps of an integrated printed moister sensor tag 140, shown in FIG. 14 b, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The moister sensor tag 140 comprises a printed electrolyte based moister active element which is integrated by screen printing into a resonant circuit also produced by screen printing.
With reference to FIG. 14 a, a first step 141 comprises fabricating an antenna and bottom electrode for the sensor and additional capacitors. For example, an Al antenna is patterned on a plastic foil. A second step 142 comprises screen printing the solid electrolyte, most especially PSSNa (see Example 2). A third step 143 comprises screen printing of a protection layer, such as a laqcuer layer, onto the parts of the Al bottom pattern. The protection layer plays three key roles: defining active area for sensor head; preventing electrical short between antenna or bottom electrode and a top electrode of the sensor or an electrical bridge to connect to the other edge of the antenna; and using as a dielectric for a additional printed capacitors in the resonant circuit. Extra capacitors may be used for defining the frequency band for the resonance frequency of the integrated moister sensor. UV-cured lacquer paste is recommended due to its good compatibility with other layers, such as 5018 UV Curable Dielectric from DuPont and UVIVID SCREEN CN-CN00A from Sericol.
In FIG. 15, an exemplifying result for the integrated moiser sensor 140 in the form of the resonant frequency shift of about 30 kHz from very dry condition to very wet condition, is shown.
The invention has mainly been described above with reference to a number of explicitly disclosed embodiments. However, as is readily appreciated by a person skilled in the art, other embodiments than the ones disclosed above are equally possible within the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended patent claims.
a hygroscopic solid electrolyte arranged as a layer and spatially between said first and second inert electrodes, the hygroscopic solid electrolyte, at least in the presence of moister, forming mobile ions selected from a group consisting of cations and anions, and the hygroscopic solid electrolyte providing a complex impedance at least in response to said alternating voltage being applied across said first and second inert electrodes.
2. A sensor according to claim 1, wherein said hygroscopic solid electrolyte is sandwiched between said first and second inert electrodes.
3. A sensor according to claim 1, wherein the interface between said hygroscopic solid electrolyte and a respective one of said first and second inert electrodes is relatively smaller than the surface area of said hygroscopic solid electrolyte.
4. A sensor according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said first and second inert electrodes is provided with apertures.
5. A sensor according to claim 1, wherein said first and second inert electrodes are in direct electrical contact with said hygroscopic solid electrolyte.
6. A sensor according to claim 1, wherein said mobile ions are mobile at least in response to at least one frequency within said first frequency range.
7. A sensor according to claim 1, wherein said resonant circuit and said antenna are both arranged on the same side of said carrier.
8. A sensor according to claim 1, wherein said circuit is a passive resonant circuit.
9. A sensor according to claim 1, wherein said hygroscopic solid electrolyte, at least in the presence of moister, further forms immobile ions selected from a group consisting of polycations and polyanions.
a converter arranged to convert said received electromagnetic signal to a value indicative of the presence of moister in said moister sensor.
a comparison device arranged to compare said first impedance to second impedance and to determine the moister level of said first sensor based on the result of the comparison of said first and second moister levels.
12. A system according to claim 10, wherein the electromagnetic signal emitted by said reader is coupled into said first sensor by way of a magnetic coupling.
a moister sensor according to claim 1, wherein said moister sensor is arranged beneath a surface of said building structure to measure the humidity therein.
providing a second electrode layer on said hygroscopic electrolyte.
15. A method according to claim 14, wherein said first and second electrode are provided by means of printing.
16. A method according to claim 14, further comprising providing a lacquer layer.
using a moister sensor including a resonance circuit comprising a moister reactive element, the moister sensor being arranged according to claim 1.
18. A sensor according to claim 2, wherein the interface between said hygroscopic solid electrolyte and a respective one of said first and second inert electrodes is relatively smaller than the surface area of said hygroscopic solid electrolyte.
19. A system according to claim 11, wherein the electromagnetic signal emitted by said reader is coupled into said first sensor by way of a magnetic coupling.
20. A method according to claim 15, further comprising providing a lacquer layer.
CH709493A2 (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-15 Fondarex Sa Apparatus and method for measuring the moisture in die casting molds.
|
{
"timestamp": "2019-04-25T12:02:02",
"url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US20110011179A1/en",
"language": "en",
"source": "c4"
}
|
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