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Essentials of Cinema
Your Guide to the Best Movies Ever Made!
A Note on the Silents
LA NOTTE (Michelangelo Antonioni)
The second in Antonioni’s trilogy, and another stunner. I confess to being in awe each time I view it, as I marvel at the composition of the images, the emotional resonance between the characters (even though their “disconnect” is a major theme) and the purely cinematic way in which the narrative unfolds.
Antonioni has the uncanny ability to be both the curious explorer and the meticulous coordinator of the expedition at the same time. His films unfold like mysteries as they traverse between the known and the unknown. In his films, as we journey through the world of “modernity and its discontents”, there is both a knowingness in his technique and a complete understanding that there are no real conclusions to be drawn.
One of the great things about cinema is that there are many ways to approach the form and still score. LA NOTTE just seems to cover all the bases. Not only is Antonioni able to command his technical resources to mesmerize with his compelling images, he also utilizes some of the finest actors available (Jeanne Moreau, Marcello Mastroianni, Monica Vitti) to engage us in the narrative. It’s easy to get “wrapped up” in an Antonioni film, and this is one of the best.
ONE-EYED JACKS (Marlon Brando)
(For Chris)
One of the most underrated, under-appreciated films ever made. In his only directorial effort, Marlon Brando (who also stars) put his heart and soul into this unique Western tale of betrayal and revenge. The saga of its making and the aftermath is a story in itself.
As a director, if you deliver your film to a studio, and it is (allegedly) 5 hours long and your intended version will still be over 3, you’re just asking for studio interference. So it was with Paramount and ONE-EYED JACKS. Paramount trimmed it to 2 hours, 20 minutes, and this may be the rare case where the cutters seemed to have gotten it right. In the released version at 143 minutes, there are no loose ends, no unexplained scene juxtapositions and every shot is golden. Still, it would be fascinating to see some of that cut footage. (According to Martin Scorsese, who helped in a restoration, it has been lost.)
During the making of ONE-EYED JACKS, Brando over-shot and went over-budget. This we know. And maybe it wasn’t necessary to keep the entire cast and crew waiting, just hanging around, for the waves to be just right for that one shot along the beach in Monterey, California. I guess you have to wait for Method actors to do their thing, whether in front or behind the camera. But marking time is an important element in ONE-EYED JACKS. After all, this is a tale of revenge and one must wait until the time is right.
In a crucial early scene, Brando’s “Kid” waits (in vain) for the return of Karl Malden’s “Dad” Longworth to rescue him from the approaching Federales with a fresh horse. He waits again to knock off a bank, delayed a day because of the local holiday. He bides his time on his reunion with Longworth, now his betrayer, in order to size up and fool his opponent. (“If I was still sore, we would have been splattering each other all over the front yard”). When time for the showdown does arrive, Dad has other ideas and cripples Kid’s shooting hand with a rifle butt. Now, we must wait for the rehabilitation. (Much to the chagrin of his two partners, including the marvelous Ben Johnson.) When Kid returns and is captured, it seems that the only thing left to wait for…. is Hanging Day.
While it’s true that the Method originally grew out of the stage, Elia Kazan brought it outside; to the docks on the NY waterfront and to the fields of Salinas of Steinbeck’s northern California. With the help of Charles Lang’s gorgeous Vistavision color cinematography on ONE-EYED JACKS, Brando brings it to the arid mountains near Sonora, Mexico and to the Big Sur beachfront on the California coast. Both the exterior and interior scenes bristle with dramatic intensity. Oft-imitated lines of dialogue abound.
Brando had learned well how movies could work. It was not hubris that brought this one down. Just over-sized talent and a far-reaching ambition. So self-aware was Brando at the time, that ONE-EYED JACKS abounds with references to his own narcissism. He knew quite well where his persona stood with audiences and how to exploit it. The killer smile and the brooding intensity. And how the honesty in the technique would translate to a work of truth. There are jokes about getting fat (even his first appearance features one banana too many), yet there are those skin-tight pants tied along the sides that seem to say, “How do you like the way I fill these out?”
The decision to have all the Mexican characters speak appropriately in Spanish (with no subtitles) not only lends authenticity, but displays Brando’s deep respect for indigenous people and people of color.
If Brando’s accomplishment is under-appreciated, it is partly because nobody (including Brando) expected the film to be this good. It didn’t do well on its initial release (especially related to its exorbitant budget), further burying it in the public’s memory. To the day he died, Brando’s disappointments with the film weighed far more heavily on his mind than its successes. (In his 1985 interview with Connie Chung, he refers to it as his “cowboy movie”). Brando’s disdain for the business and waning interest in his own contributions can be traced back to his experience with this film. Such a pity.
YOJIMBO (Akira Kurosawa)
If there were no YOJIMBO, would there be a Quentin Tarantino, as we know him? It was YOJIMBO that begat A FISTFUL OF DOLLARS and the Sergio Leone cult that followed, of which Tarantino is the most notable member. In YOJIMBO, we have Kurosawa’s genre-bending, the sudden, explicit well-staged acts of violence, the over-the-top, sometimes cartoonish characters and the jangly off-kilter music score. Sound familiar?
Kurosawa had first paid homage to the Western seven years before, with THE SEVEN SAMURAI. But YOJIMBO was a new experiment, taking things in new directions. The result was probably the best damn Samurai Western ever. It has been copied, borrowed from and referenced ever since. And it is still as fresh as ever. Toshiro Mifune is simply amazing, as well as the best screen hero to ever get the shit beat out of him.
——JEFF’S PICKS——
BLAST OF SILENCE (Allen Baron)
3 days in the life of a hit man doing his job in NYC, when things get complicated. This low-budget gem written, directed and starring Allen Baron still impresses today. Baron structured his script with a knowing nod to the noir traditions that preceded it. There’s an ominous air of impending fate hanging over the proceedings, as God’s original lonely man wanders the streets of the big city at Christmastime. Our hero doesn’t speak much, but his thoughts are shared and commented on through the more articulate narration by the gravel-voiced Lionel Stander, an inspired choice.
The acting is more than adequate, especially by Larry Tucker as the slimy “Ralph”. Tucker would later connect with Paul Mazursky for some of Mazursky’s early classics. The stark B&W photography makes BLAST OF SILENCE like a time capsule of Manhattan in the Kennedy era. There are the shop windows near Rockefeller Center, the jazz clubs of the Village, and the griminess of the waterfront.
Despite the low budget, Baron is able to generate some real tension as the plight of our existential hero comes to its conclusion. The final scenes were shot during Hurricane Donna, the only hurricane to hit to hit the entire east coast, from Connecticut to Florida. Baron went on to do more features and much television work. Judging from BLAST OF SILENCE, one has to wonder….”How come we never heard of him?”
JUDGEMENT AT NUREMBERG (Stanley Kramer)
Stanley Kramer enjoyed much commercial and critical success throughout his career, but the ensuing years have seen his status diminish. Fairly or not, this is probably due to the acceptance of the auteur theory in judging the value of all things cinematic. One of the key tenants of the theory is that a director shows a consistent artistic personality. The more obvious consistencies the better. (Hitchcock and Hawks are the prime examples.) This should never be the only criteria, of course. Otherwise, you have an entire country regarding Jerry Lewis as a genius. I, myself find Kramer lacking in this department, but the same goes for William Wyler, whom I adore. My issues with Kramer are more with his often over-reaching, broad brushstrokes and subtle audience-pandering.
Kramer, (even as a producer, before directing his own projects), often chose to tackle social issues (racial inequality, cultural intolerance.) His films were labeled “message pictures”. Much to his credit, Kramer often chose Spencer Tracy to provide the perfect voice of reason.
So what bigger boiling pot to jump into than the fact-based drama of the 1948 trial of four Nazi judges accused of crimes against humanity? Once again, Spencer Tracy is the calming presence, this time as the head of the tribunal in charge of rendering final judgement. As with many actors under Kramer’s appreciative guidance, there are stand-out performances. Maximilian Schell won a much-deserved Oscar as the counsel for the defense. Judy Garland is damn near perfect. And Montgomery Clift simply astonishes in yet another of one of his post-accident performances. Burt Lancaster rounds it out as the perfect choice for the tragic man of conscience.
JUDGEMENT AT NUREMBERG is a 3-hr. movie, and it is to Abby Mann’s credit that he adapted his teleplay so that the many moral questions raised are evenly brought up, lest the weight of these issues become simply overwhelming.
So you might ask after all this praise, why not include JUDGEMENT in this collection as an Essential? Well, because cinema is cinema. And while this film may linger in the mind long after others have failed, and I recommend it for countless stimulating conversations, it is simply less due to its cinematic values than for the individual performances.
MYSTERIOUS ISLAND (Cy Endfield)
A giant crab! Giant bees! A giant chicken-like thing! For a guy who was barely 8 years old (me at the time), seeing this movie one Saturday afternoon at the Victory Theater in Milwaukie, Oregon was like having a cinema bombshell dropped on you. From the opening credits with the crashing waves and Bernard Herrmann’s crashing cymbals to the final battle with the giant sea snail-like thing, it just didn’t get any cooler. Ray Harryhausen’s special effects still beat the crap out of most of today’s CGI.
WEST SIDE STORY (Jerome Robbins & Robert Wise)
You may have noticed a definite absence of musicals in this collection of great films. This is not an oversight. Just a reflection of the objective nature of this website. Musicals are just not my thing. But the music in WEST SIDE STORY is just not like the music in any other musical. Leonard Bernstein’s score simply towers over the others. It’s in a class by itself.
The decision to have a seasoned director share credit with the choreographer was unprecedented and a wise move (no pun intended). Just the right blend of stylization and location shooting sets the right tone. Oh, and Elvis Presley was seriously considered originally for the role of Tony. Ponder that.
BRITISH “KITCHEN SINK” DRAMAS
It began on the London stage with John Osborne and his “angry young man” and the subsequent film (see LOOK BACK IN ANGER from 1959). Soon British cinema had a “new wave” of its own. In the early 60’s, there appeared several excellent films by new film-makers focusing mostly on the working class. Directors like Lindsay Anderson, John Schlesinger, and Tony Richardson. New faces like Albert Finney and Richard Harris. The films were called “kitchen sink” dramas since they always seemed to feature at least one scene in a dreary kitchen.
For British audiences, these films were a marked (and mostly welcome) change from the staid period dramas and tired comedies that the major studios were serving up. Outside of the UK, they were truly like foreign films, focusing as they did on uniquely British idioms and issues of class. What distinguished them was their authenticity and consistently high level of quality. Important to the growth of British cinema, they are still well worth watching today.
Notable titles are SATURDAY NIGHT AND SUNDAY MORNING, THE ENTERTAINER, LONELINESS OF THE LONG DISTANCE RUNNER, THIS SPORTING LIFE, A TASTE OF HONEY and BILLY LIAR.
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Home » Posts tagged 'Commuting'
Tag Archives: Commuting
Monday Memories – Back in the Real World #4: In Reverse
June 24, 2019 9:53 am / 5 Comments on Monday Memories – Back in the Real World #4: In Reverse
I had one month’s salary in-lieu of notice. I began the weekly search of the “Situations Vacant” columns in the Yorkshire Post and Daily Telegraph, sending my CV to various companies in need of men with my skill set. Christmas came and went with no offers of employment. I contacted the mortgage company and they were sympathetic to my plight. The bank, less so, when it came to my maxed-out credit card. Freda offered to sell some of the cheap jewelry she had accumulated over the years. She got a job on the housekeeping staff of a nursing home.
My former colleague who had worked for Pertmaster contacted me to say I might be able to work for them on a casual basis training new users to use the software. I presented one such course successfully, but it meant travelling to Bradford on each of the three days of the course.
In March I was contacted by a man I had worked with when he was a member of the CEGB’s planning team at Eggborough. The privatisation of the CEGB had now been completed and he had left to set up a recruitment agency. One of the power stations operated by National Power was installing a new stores cataloguing system and needed suitably qualified individuals to verify the data being transferred from the old to the new system. It was a six month contract at a relatively low hourly rate, paid for a basic 35 hour working week, with a £1000 completion bonus.
I took the offer despite the low wage, in the belief that after 3 months I would be able to take on a summer season with the power station overhaul company. That did, indeed, happen and the longer hours more than made up for the loss of the completion bonus I would have received had I remained on the other contract.
This time the station to be worked on was at West Burton in North Nottinghamshire, a 90 minute drive from our new home.
When the job finished I let the agencies I’d previously worked with know that I was once again seeking work. This time I had a call within a week, from the agency that had got me my job at Tioxide over 3 years before. Was I available to attend an interview that day? He would like to recommend me for a vacancy he had been asked to fill at short notice. I responded in the affirmative and he rang back half an hour later to say the interview was 20 miles away at 1:30pm.
At the end of the interview I was informed that a contract launch meeting was scheduled for the following morning in Grimsby. I would need to attend, along with the director, and the project manager who had, together, conducted the interview. I later learned that the project manager had also been recruited the same day via the same agency.
Having crossed the Humber bridge many times during my 4 years as a county councilor, in 1992 I began crossing it daily to work back in Grimsby. Image from Wikipedia
So it was that, having moved away from Grimsby 15 months earlier to reduce commuting time, I was now commuting daily in the opposite direction!
Meanwhile, I had made enquiries about a Talking Newspaper service for visually impaired people in the district and discovered there was none. Goole District Hospital’s broadcasting service needed volunteers, however, so it was not long before I was hosting a Friday evening “Country and Western” show and the Sunday morning request show.
Sunday mornings we also had a pre-recorded religious tape which I played whilst visiting each of the six wards in search of requests to play later. After a while hospital management introduced a policy whereby people who were not desperately ill were sent home at the weekend so that the only people present on a Sunday morning were in no fit state to make, or listen to, requests.
In the school summer holidays a small group of young people began using the Hospital Broadcasting Service’s facilities to produce a talking newspaper as a community project. It was only a temporary project, but demonstrated the need for such a service. I found out that the mother of one of the boys was the local social worker with responsibility for the welfare of visually impaired people. I contacted her about setting up a permanent service, telling her of my experience. She put me in touch with a small group of friends and relatives of blind people in the district. This group were the core of the local branch of the RNIB (Royal National Institute for the Blind).
Recently the RNIB had changed its policy, insisting that funds raised locally could no longer be spent locally but must be remitted to HQ. Branches were then supposed to request funds for specific projects. It makes a certain kind of sense, ensuring that funds raised in the more affluent districts are distributed to poorer areas. The local group in Goole were not happy at this policy change and welcomed the opportunity to support, instead, a new service for local blind people.
We had our committee, we could use the Hospital Radio studio – at least for the time being. All we needed was funds to purchase some tapes and recording equipment. Once again I undertook a sponsored walk – this time from Snaith to Howden, dressed as an emu!
I also contacted the CVS (Council for Voluntary Service) for advice and help. Before long I found myself seconded to the CVS management committee and appointed as treasurer.
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Tanya Menon
menon.53@osu.edu
756 Fisher Hall
2100 Neil Avenue Columbus, OH 43210
Tanya Menon is Associate Professor at Fisher College of Business, Ohio State University. Her research on decision making, influence, culture, teams, and networks has been cited in various media outlets including the Wall Street Journal, Boston Globe, The Economist Intelligence Unit, The Times of London (UK), The Guardian (UK), and The Times of India. She has taught courses on Persuasion, Negotiations, Power, and Organizational Behavior and was the winner of the 2013 Best Elective Award at the Ohio State University’s Fisher School of Business.
Menon formerly was Associate Professor at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business in Behavioral Science, where she was a member of the Center for Decision Research, and an affiliated faculty member in the Psychology department. At the University of Chicago, she won the 2006 Faculty Excellence Award for exceptional commitment to teaching, and the 2007 Phoenix Award, for enriching the experience of students inside and outside the classroom. She has additionally been a visiting professor at Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management, Cornell University’s School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Indian School of Business, London Business School, and INSEAD.
She has conducted executive programs all over the world, including the US Intelligence Community, Discover Financial Services, DHL, Cummins, Express, Scotts, Citibank (India), Tetrapak (Italy), Aetna, Erie Insurance, CareerBuilder.com, National Starch, Baker-Tilly, McCormick, and the Environmental Protection Agency. She has been a keynote speaker at organizations including Society for Hospital Epidemiology of America, American Bar Association Chief Bar Executives, Ronald McDonald House Charities, and the Deloitte Women’s group.
Prior to graduate school, Menon was a research assistant in INCAE Business School in Costa Rica and an intern in Morgan Stanley's London office. Menon earned a bachelor's degree in sociology from Harvard University in 1995 and her Ph.D. from Stanford Graduate School of Business. She is currently Associate Editor at Management Science Journal.
Groups/Teams
Negotiations and Decision Making
Power and Persuasion
Knowledge Sharing and Networks
Ph.D., 2000, Organizational Behavior, Stanford Graduate School of Business
B.A., 1995, Sociology, Harvard University, Magna cum laude
May 2017 Tedx Talk Ohio State University - Strategies to Widen Your Social Universe
1. Chakravarti, A1., Menon, T.,* & Winship, C. In press. Contact and Group Structure: A natural experiment of interracial college roommate groups. Organization Science. *First authors contributed equally.
2. Menon, T. & Chakravarti, A. 1 In press. Social Resilience and the Persistence of Diverse Relationships. Positive Psychology of Diversity. Eds. Davidson, Wooten, and Roberts. Invited Contribution.
3. Menon, T., Smith, N. 2014.*1 Identities in Flux: Cognitive Network Activation in Times of Change. Social Science Research. 45: 117-130. *Both authors contributed equally.
4. Menon, T., Sheldon, O. J. and Galinsky, A. D. (2014), Barriers to Transforming Hostile Relations: Why Friendly Gestures Can Backfire. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 7: 17–37.
5. Wang, C., Whitson, J., & Menon, T. 2012. Culture and Pattern Perception: American and East Asian Faith in Horoscopes. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3, 630-638.
6. Smith, E. B. 1, Menon, T. & Thompson, L. 2012. High and low status groups activate different network structures under job threat. Organization Science. 23: 67-82.
7. Menon, T., & Phillips, K. W. (2011). Getting even vs. being the odd one out. Cohesion in Even- and Odd-Sized Groups. Organization Science, 22, 738-753.
8. Menon, T. & Thompson, L. (2010). Managing envy. Harvard Business Review, April.
-Reprinted in Harvard Business Review On Point: Emotional Intelligence. (Summer 2014).
9. Menon, T., Sim, J. 1 , Fu, H.Y. , Chiu, C.Y. & Hong, Y.Y. (2010). Blazing the trail versus trailing the group: Culture and perceptions of the leader’s position. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 113, 51-61.
10. Menon, T. & Thompson, L. (2007). Don’t hate me because I’m beautiful: Self-enhancing biases in threat appraisal. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 104, 45-60.
11. Menon, T., Thompson, L., & Choi, H.1 (2006). Tainted Knowledge versus Tempting Knowledge: Why People Avoid Knowledge from Internal Rivals and Seek Knowledge from External Rivals. Management Science, 52, 1129-1144. (Lead Article)
12. Menon, T & Fu, H.Y. (2005) Culture and control: How independent and interdependent selves experience agency and constraint. In E. A. Mannix, M. A. Neale, & Y. Chen (Eds.), Research on Managing in Teams and Groups (Vol. 9, 21-51). Greenwich, CT: Elsevier Science Press.
13. Menon, T. & Pfeffer, J. (2003). Valuing Internal versus External Knowledge: Explaining the Preference for Outsiders. Management Science, 49, 497-513.
14. Menon, T. & Blount, S. (2003). The Messenger Bias: How Social Relationships Affect the Valuation of Knowledge. Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, 137-187.
15. Hong, Y., Ip, Grace, Chiu, C., Morris, M.W., & Menon, T. (2001). Cultural Identity and Dynamic Construction of the Self: Collective Duties and Individual Rights in Chinese and American Cultures. Social Cognition, 19, 251-268.
16. Menon, T. & Morris, M.W. (2001). Social Structure in North American and Chinese Cultures: Reciprocal Influence between Objective and Subjective Structures. Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies, 2, 27-50.
17. Morris, M.W., Menon, T., & Ames, D.R. (2001). Culturally Conferred Conceptions of Agency: A Key to Social Perception of Persons, Groups, and Other Actors. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 169-182.
18. Chiu, C., Morris, M. W., Hong, Y., & Menon, T. (2000). Motivated cultural cognition: The impact of implicit cultural theories on dispositional attribution varies as a function of need for closure. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 78, 247-259.
-Reprinted in Crisp, R. (2014). Intercultural Communication. Taylor and Francis.
19. Menon, T., Morris, M. W., Chiu, C., & Hong, Y. (1999). Culture and the construal of agency: Attribution to individual versus group dispositions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 701-717.
-Reprinted in Hamilton, D. L. (2005). Social Cognition: Classic and Contemporary Readings. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
MBA 6200 - Organizational Behavior, Teamwork and Leadership-EMBA
An overview of factors that influence individual, group and organizational work performance and techniques to improve it; analytical frameworks for determining effectiveness of given techniques in specific circumstances. Prereq: Enrollment in Executive MBA program or permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 860.
MBA 6201 - Organizational Behavior
An overview of factors that influence individual and team performance and techniques to improve it; analytical frameworks for determining effectiveness of given techniques in specific circumstances. Prereq: Enrollment in MBA or WPMBA program; or permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 860.
BUSMHR 7800 - Advanced Topics in Management and Human Resources for EMBA
Advanced Topics in Management and HR for students in the Executive MBA Program. Prereq: Enrollment in EMBA program. Repeatable to a maximum of 15 cr hrs or 7 completions.
BUSMHR 7308 - Organizational Development and Change
A practical and pragmatic investigation into the conduct of change in organizations in order to improve organization performance. Prereq: Not open to students with credit for 807.
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Jenni started her career in travel in 2000 at TRX, where she held various roles in the Account Management and Business Development teams. Prior to entering the travel industry, she worked in Division I collegiate athletic administration, at both the conference and university level. Ms. Murer is a 1993 graduate of Southern Methodist University where she studied Communications and French.
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Chad has spent the last 24 years working in the field of corporate business and business sales. During those 24 years, Chad has worked in the travel and finance industry as well as gained valuable perspective of an owner/operator of three small businesses. Prior to Gant, Chad served in sales roles with ADP where he was a specialist on the Concur Travel products. Chad has a Bachelors’ Degree from Michigan State University.
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John has spent the last 22 years perfecting his craft of selling Corporate accounts in the larger segment of travel spend. Having worked for Brands such as Avis, American Express and Travel Leaders. While with Travel Leaders John’s innovative selling led to over $150M in new sold business in just 2 years. John has a Bachelor’s Degree from the University of Kansas and is a Certified Travel Expert. John and his Wife Valarie have 5 children and live in Colorado.
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Олимпиада "Ломоносов"
Универсиада "Ломоносов"
Геологическая школа
Популярная геология
Московская открытая олимпиада по геологии
Конкурс "Ученые будущего"
Конкурс по выращиванию кристаллов
Контрактное обучение
Post-graduate department
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, is the world-famous educational and scientific centre of Russia. Although its foundation date is considered to be 1938, mineralogy has been taught at Moscow University for more than two centuries. The departments and laboratories of the Faculty employ world-renowned scientists, as well as talented young researchers, 7 academicians and 6 corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 members of the Academy of Natural Sciences of the Russian Federation among them. All the activities of the faculty are aimed at the development of geological science, education and culture - the necessary factors of the economic and spiritual revival of Russia.
Geology is considered to be a way of life. Indeed, people who are interested in this profession know how to appreciate the beauty of nature, are ready to work actively and creatively; they value friendship and are open to communicating with friends. Many will agree that success in mathematics and physics requires first and foremost aptitude and talent. Geology in this sense is a less selective, integral science, because on the one hand, it uses the most advanced methods of modern natural science, and, on the other hand, it is often catalyzed by intuitive ideas, without which important phenomena can sometimes be overlooked.
The concept of Faculty development provides steady progress in all areas of its activities. I will only recall the main ones: new specializations have been created, such as ecological geology, computer technologies in geology, gemology; the reception of foreign students has been expanded; the Crimean base for practical studies and field work has been preserved and its status has been strengthened; a new multi-level system of student training has been developed and implemented; hundreds of grants have been won despite tough competition; professors and teachers now include more than 20 young professors and associate professors; several dozen textbooks, teaching aids and monographs have been published; a faculty information network has been established. Over the years, many of our leading professors and employees have received a number highest-level awards.
The experience acquired allows us to assert that, following the motto "Broadness in Education and Specialization in Research", we are confidently moving along the path of further development of our Faculty, one of the largest faculties of Moscow State University.
Dean of the Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University
Academician of Russian Academy of Science, Professor
D.Y. Puscharovskiy
Геологический
Факультет МГУ
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Copyright © 1997–2017 Геологический факультет МГУ имени М.В.Ломоносова
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REHABILITATION PROGRAM
The Rehabilitation Program is set up for the provision of physical therapy and occupational therapy services in a clinic setting. FONHARE also arranges home visits to treat patients who are not able to leave their home in order to come to the clinic, provides transportation to the clinic if needed, and provides home assessments for accessibility concerns (see INDEPENDENT LIFE PROGRAM). Patients seen at FONHARE include children and adolescents born with developmental disabilities, stroke victims, orthopedic injuries and deformities, spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injury, people with pain and dysfunction, and neurological conditions. In the past, FONHARE received children from the local orphanage for therapy sessions and worked closely with the orphanage to provide environmental recommendations for them. Most recently, FONHARE has implemented a Speech Therapy program. Volunteer speech therapists from France have spent significant time training FONHARE nursing staff to provide speech therapy sessions for our patients, following the prescribed plan of care. Without FONHARE’s help, thousands would not receive any rehabilitative care or assistance with their activities of daily living. Many would simply survive with a disability, instead of engage in any meaningful existence.
SCHOOL INTEGRATION PROGRAM
FONHARE has established a School Integration Program. Through this program, FONHARE changes lives by granting impoverished children living with physical disabilities a free scholarship for their education. We also build ramps and adapt the school to their physical requirements. In Haiti, education is not free. Therefore, many children living in poverty will not get an education, but especially those living with a disability. The need for children with disabilities to be represented in the educational setting is tremendous. We believe that the way to break down barriers is to start with the young and establish a sense of equality in the beginning of one’s life. The School Integration Program serves to do just that by integrating students into the educational system and working for equality by advocating for them and helping to create an environment of mutual respect and acceptance.
The focus of the School Integration Program is two-fold. First, we must work with educators and families to accept students with disabilities into their environment and curriculum. We must advocate for their rights in order to prove their value, potential, and need for an education so they may become contributing citizens. Secondly, we must work to make their educational setting accessible by modifying the school as necessary. We build wheelchair ramps where needed, provide accessible and adaptable equipment, and teach those involved in how to make the educational environment accessible for all.
INDEPENDENT LIVING PROGRAM
In 2012, FONHARE implemented the Independent Living Program, which enables people who are wheelchair-bound to become independent and successful in their home and community. Within the scope of this program, homes (as well as other buildings in the community that the recipient may need access to) are assessed by the physical therapist for accessibility. FONHARE staff then organizes with community groups to assist with the modification and construction, such as building ramps, widening doorways, installing floors, and reconstructing bathrooms and cooking areas. This program benefits all as it serves to bond a community, increase awareness of the struggles of living with a disability, and educate people on the potential contributions of those who have to deal with barriers on a regular basis. In countries as the United States, people are able to take advantage of government services, health insurance benefits, support groups, and laws that remove barriers. In Haiti, there are no such advantages or services. There is no assistance available to these people except the goodwill of family and neighbors and NGO’s like FONHARE.
FONHARE operates a Community Access Program that addresses exclusion, discrimination, and inequality of opportunities for all citizens. We work with local business, government, and religious leaders to eliminate barriers by building ramps and making public areas accessible. As a result of FONHARE’s initiatives, there are now ramps to the city park, church, hospital, and courthouse in Ouanaminthe. With encouragement from FONHARE, the local Catholic church also constructed a ramp so patrons could access their facility. The Community Access Program and the Independent Living Program work hand in hand to improve the quality of life for the thousands of people affected by paralysis and other conditions requiring them to rely on wheelchairs. These programs also increase the trust and visibility of FONHARE in the community, raise awareness regarding disability, and demonstrate our achievements in fighting for the rights of disabled people in Haitian society. FONHARE has been instrumental in the tide of change that is sweeping Haiti.
The Community Access Program has plans to build several more concrete ramps in the city of Ouanaminthe for public use with a goal of making Ouanamithe the first publicly accessible city in Haiti.
GENDER VIOLENCE PROGRAM
The Gender Violence Program is an ongoing program in FONHARE with opportunities scheduled throughout the year to interact with the public on matters of this concern. We advocate against violence to women, children, and people with disabilities in general. To do so, we conduct seminars with this targeted population discussing their rights and where they can find help if they are victims. We provide legal orientation and psycho-social assistance
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The State of Historic Preservation in Hudson
Ask the people who have made Hudson their adopted home in the past twenty years what attracted them here. Ask the visitors who throng Warren Street every weekend, visiting the shops and galleries, dining in the restaurants, and keeping the B&Bs booked to capacity, why they chose to come. Chances are Hudson's historic architecture will be a part of everyone's answer. Given that, it is remarkable how careless official Hudson is about its valuable and irreplaceable architectural heritage.
Former mayor Rick Scalera, who was the mayor when Hudson's historic preservation ordinance was adopted in 2003, has gone on record (more than once) saying that signing the ordinance into law was the "worst mistake he ever made." Current mayor William Hallenbeck has made it known that he thinks a developer with an obscene amount of money to spend in Hudson and a demonstrated lack of respect for our history and the authenticity of our architecture deserves the key to the city, while he chides members of the Historic Preservation Commission for trying to do their job in a deliberate and conscientious manner. Inundated by proposals from said developer, who now owns more than 2 percent of the taxable property in Hudson, and pressured by mayors past and present not to "hold things up," the Historic Preservation Commission was told yesterday by Common Council President Don Moore that it "has not been as active in its educative function as it might be." In the meantime, in a city where everyone should be pulling together to protect its most valuable asset, things like this keep happening.
This is 816 Warren Street, a classic example of Victorian Stick architecture on upper Warren Street. Among other things that appear to be happening to this building, it is sprouting a new shed roof dormer. The house is situated in a locally designed historic district, but this project never came before the Historic Preservation Commission for a certificate of appropriateness.
unheimlich July 28, 2012 at 2:15 PM
It's at 816 Warren Street and there's no Certificate of Appropriateness from the HPC?!
According to the LWRP, the Warren Street Historic District stretches the length of Warren from Front Street to Worth Avenue (rte 9).
Hudson's laws aren't worth the paper they're written on as long as one has all the right friends.
Jennifer July 28, 2012 at 5:59 PM
I'm disgusted by this. A grand old house has now become an eyesore.
Where is the building inspector, who is the owner of this building, which apparently changed hands without ever being on the market? I don't see any permit displayed for this work. The HPC is overburdened in many ways and the city officials do nothing but obstruct. It is a blindness of vision which is mind-boggling.
I didn't mean to impugn the HPC when I said that having the right friends is everything.
Jennifer is right about the obstructions which further burden the HPC.
Edward Taussig July 28, 2012 at 8:39 PM
Great article. Darn right, without the historic architecture, Hudson wouldn't be Hudson :)
As one of those very people that came here in large part due to the historic look and feel, I'm angry at what's being done to the housing stock and offended at the apparent lawlessness, and yet even more offended at the politicians and law enforcement officers that are apparently turning a blind eye.
Thank you so much for continuing to bring this issue to the forefront.
Vincent July 28, 2012 at 9:27 PM
its just pathetic
SlowArt July 29, 2012 at 1:41 PM
In 100 years this will be historic the plaque will read "early 21st century bad planning."
Matthew August 1, 2012 at 10:14 AM
Everybody slow down. Two things: One - this post makes it seem as though Galloway has purchased this house. He hasn't. This house is not, I repeat NOT a Galloway property, Two - I live next door to that house, and the dormer that's going up on that roof is a replacement for the one which was already up there, and falling apart. I see this house literally every day of my life, and I didn't realize that this new dormer was slightly bigger than the old one until the owner of the structure mentioned that it was. It's not as though they just randomly slapped a dormer shed on top of the roof - there was already one there and it was falling apart, so it's being replaced. That's it. Replacing the old dilapidated dormer shed with one whioch is unnoticably larger does nothing to compromise the historical integrity of the structure. Where was all of this concern for historical integrity when tyhe aluminum siding went up on that house? No knock against COARC (the previous owners of this structure) but this house has been slowly falling apart for years, and was in awful shape when they sold it. I saw the inside of it before ownership changed haands, and it was dreadful. The maintenence on this structure is a huge undertaking, and that house needed to be stripped down to the bones and completely remodelled - which is what is now happening. This house was basically undergoing the long process of demolition bt neglect before ownership changed hands, and I for one am damned glad that someone with the resources to restore it has taken up the job. We can all lament the subdivision of these grand old houses, but consider this: COARC was going to leave that house whether a developer bought it or not. It was, before they left, in utter disrepair, and was slowly falling apart. Now, a developer (and a small developer at that - the owner of this house owns ONE other property in town) has purchased it, and while they are subdividing it into apartments, they are also carefully and lovingly restoring this house. The dormer on the roof is nothing more than a replacement for one that was already up there. I agree that historical preservation is important and valid, but let's not get so carried away with our efforts to preserve that we can't see the forest for the trees (or in this case, the dormer for the roof). Okay?
This is one of those times when the name of this blog rigns true - perhaps moreso than intended. There's a difference between gossip and information. The owners of 816 Warren are a father and son, and they could not be nicer guys. The father's name is Mark, and the son's name is John, and John is at the site daily. You might see him on the porch wearing a construction helmet with a New York Jets logo on it, and if you do see him, and you have questions about what's going on here, ask him. He'll be more than happy to give you details about this project. I can also say from oersonal experience with these guys that they couldn't be more accomodating or considerate while this project is underway. That house is right on top of mine. A full third of my house lies behind that one, and our property line is the wall of that house that borders my yard. They could have easily taken a "screw you guys/not my problem" approach to this situation, but they haven't. They have been extremely careful to remove any material that may have fallen from that house into my yard, as they know that two small children play there. They have even gone so far as to build a canopy to protect the milkweed with the monarch butterfly eggs on it that's in my garden so that it wouldn't get destroyed by debris and construction. I totally understand the need for historical preservation, and there are indeed many who have thumbed their noses at this need, but the owners of 816 Warren are not among this group. They are not destroying this house. They're SAVING it. We should thank them.
Carole Osterink August 1, 2012 at 11:13 AM
The fact remains that this is a project that should have gone before the Historic Preservation Commission and didn't. That was the point of the post.
Hi, Carole.
Understood. I know how committed you are to historic preservation and I appreciate, probably more so than many, the good that Gossips does in this (as well as other) areas. Until just the other day, the owners didn't know they needed a COA from the HPC to do the dormer (I actually brought it to their attention when I saw this post). On their last rehab, they were told that only alterations made to the front or street-facing side of the building needed a COA. In any case, they're on it now and I'm sure things will work out to everyone's satisfaction.
I just want to be sure the community gives these guys a chance -- we need people like them buying, fixing, maintaining, and bringing our property values back up!
As the border of my property is the east wall of this house, I feel the need to chime in on this one. When I found out that the sale on this house had closed (it was being discussed since the end of last year), I was thrilled. COARC had been trying to sell it for a couple of years and I knew through the grapevine it was going to be redone and made into high end apartments by a guy who was just finishing up another multi-family on N 5th Street. While COARC has been a truly wonderful neighbor in the years we've been here (I miss a lot of those residents and am happy to still run into them at the grocery store every few weeks!), the house really needed some help. It was purchased on a Friday and work began on Monday. We were out of town for more than a month, but I was lucky enough to be here for a meeting one day and met the new owner of the house, John. He walked me through and told me their plans.
When we returned earlier this week, the new dormer was in. To be honest, it didn't stand out to me at all because it's just replacing an old dormer. I guess from everyone's reaction that maybe it's not exactly the same as the old one -- I can't really recall. I am wondering if it would've even been noticed had it been completely finished off in one day.
I see the workers and the owners every day. They are VERY nice and are quite approachable - I'm sure they're open to suggestions as to how to maintain the historical integrity of the building. I want to be sure to get the record straight and not see them lumped in with other landlords in town who own lots of buildings, many of which are partially done and empty, and have a habit of ignoring the HPC and the general concerns of the community.
I hope this helps clear up some misunderstanding.
Matthew August 1, 2012 at 4:57 PM
If the point of this post is that there's a dormer going up on 816 that should have gone before a planning commission before being built, why spend the paragraph before saying this alluding to "said developer, who now owns more than 2 percent of the taxable property in Hudson" with the implication that "said developer" is at it again? I say again, this isn't Galloway's property, and the dormer on the roof is simply a replacement of what was there before, adjusted to make it safer. The accusation that the work going on at 816 Warren demonstrates a lack of respect for Hudson's architecture, or somehow represents some kind of deplorable crime against same is, simply and quite frankly, divorced from reality. Perhaps a trip to the Preservation Commission before repairing the preexisting and rapidly deteriorating dormer on the roof was indeed warranted, but as this was a repair and not an addition, and since it's on a side of the house which is not facing the street, I'd be willing to bet the farm that the only reason which this was not done is that the owners honestly did not believe it to be necessary. I was amazed when I found that a stop work order had been issued. We rebuilt our porch last year after the old one collapsed, and guess what? The new porch, in several aspects, is quite different from the one which preceded it. I defy you to tell me what those differences are whilst standing on Warren Street and staring directly at it, I didn't ask for anyone's permission to replace my porch, and the only thing anyone has ever said to me about it is "It looks great! It looks just like the old one!" The same is true with the dormer on the roof at 816. The Historic Preservation Commission is a good thing, and I couldn't agree more that Hudson's architecture is a rare asset for all who live here that deserves our reverence and protection. This case is one in which, if anything, an honest oversight has occurred. I assert again that what's going on at 816 Warren is a restoration. It's being subdivided, and in that aspect is a development, but the owners of that house are not in any way disrespecting or destroying Hudson's architecture. What they are doing is taking a beautiful old house which has seen far better days, and in developing it, returning it to it's former glory. These guys are part of the solution, not part of the problem.
unheimlich August 1, 2012 at 6:35 PM
I would like to correct my assumption from the first comment.
It wasn't a case of having the right friends after all, but of not knowing the requirements of the Historic Preservation Commission.
Assuming that the gentlemen had acquired a building permit - and of course they had - it's also safe to assume that they were not given further instruction by the code office.
In that case it's exactly like having friends in the right places, except that one doesn't know that they're being done a favor.
That's not a favor then, but a problem which begs the question whether people are being used unwittingly as counters in a struggle between the code office and the HPC?
Carole Osterink August 1, 2012 at 6:47 PM
You've got that right, unheimlich. When I heard about the stop work order my first fear was that the Historic Preservation Commission would once again be the whipping boy, accused of standing in the way of good people just wanting to do the right thing. Matthew and Tiff have added fuel to that fire.
I'm not adding fuel to any fire here. What I am doing is correcting a couple of incorrect assumptions on your part.
1. This property does not belong to "said developer".
2. The dormer that you're so up in arms about is a replacement of a preexisting structure, which in no way compromises the historical integrity of the house in question.
I'm not trying to be a jerk here, and I've stated several times that I think that the Historical Preservation Commission is a GOOD thing. It's just that in this case, everyone is making something out of nothing.
M - I was hoping that my recent comment, besides correcting my own assumption (see below), would draw our attention to a possible explanation for the misunderstanding whereby the homeowners were set up. In this scenario, the code office intentionally withholds necessary information from the permit-seeker (C of A), fully expecting the resulting excitement to create tension and rancor between the homeowner, the HPC and the rest of the community.
In fact this exact scenario has played out in Hudson before, and it took years (and a document search) to iron out the truth and the kinds of hard feelings that are being perpetuated in this thread.
As before, we may all have been ill-used in the present case. I freely admit that I should have known better.
Only the homeowner can confirm this account, though it's made more reasonable by the precedent I mentioned. If only for their own sake I hope that you bring this hypothetical to their attention. Also, please convey my apologies
Thanks. I'm really not angry nor do I harbor any ill will toward anyone, I just wanted to set the record straight. If I come off as defensive, it's because I am indeed defending the guys who bought and are renovating 816 Warren. The post which began this thread appears to lump this house in with Galloway's properties, and I don't think that it's fair to do so. If you'd like to see an example of work done by these very property owners, look at 77 n. 5th. That is their other property. Again, I have no hard feelings toward anyone, and I'm not trying to be mean to anyone, I just though it was important to point out that the initial post which began this thread at best clouded the waters as to who owned this house and what was going on there, and since I live next door, I'm in a unique position to provide some clarity. That's all.
unheimlich August 1, 2012 at 10:20 PM
M, you're a good neighbor to have their backs that way.
In this story, the potential manipulation by city officials is what we should all ultimately stay focused on. As I've said, it wouldn't be the first time we've seen this scenario.
Inasmuch as I've added to the troubles of the original post which displeased you, I must emphasize that the subsequent dust-up and your admirable defense of your neighbor could easily have been the intention of the official involved. If so, then it's a miracle that we straightened it all out as quickly as we did.
The last episode literally took years to make sense of, and cost the homeowner and contractor a good deal of money and heartache.
In an ironic twist to this entire thread, I happen to know that it was the author of the above post who then admirably defended her own neighbor.
Eventually it will become the city's job to make sure that citizens are aware of everything that's covered by the waterfront program (which even encompasses your neighbor's project), but we're not there yet.
John K. Friedman August 1, 2012 at 8:03 PM
Would-be developers -- whomever they are -- need to be acquainted with the City Code as it impacts their projects. It's not voluminous or too much of a thicket, verbally. It's the responsibility of the property owner/developer to know what the requirements are. Should the CEO give some guidance? Sure, why not; but it's not the Code Enforcement Office's obligation to ensure that the public reads public documents. If a property owner or developer wants to do things right and can't or won't research the legal requirements well, then, hire a lawyer :) Signed, your friendly neighborhood lawyer.
Ward Hamilton August 3, 2012 at 3:27 PM
In Schenectady, Albany, Troy, Boston, and Providence (to name a few), the code enforcement/building department has the authority to approve "in-kind" work in historic districts. Each of these cities has a resource officer or building inspector trained in historic preservation standards and guidelines and qualified to approve "in-kind" work. When a slightly more involved project is proposed, the resource officer emails the HPC members and polls them as to whether the application can be handled by the CEO or needs full HPC review. These projects/approvals are reviewed at the HPC's monthly meeting as a matter of checks and balances. Could this streamline the process and be more customer friendly? I don't mean for large-scale projects like I've been invloved with, but for the dormer at 816 Warren or Barbara Dague's front steps.
Considering Hudson, first you'd have to codify these arrangements after which you'd have to excite the code enforcement officials to honor them.
It's a great idea, but there are just too many levels that would still require good faith. It's nice to dream of a friendlier future, but personally I don't hold out much hope for this place.
The CEO must never go out of his way to aid newcomers or any other applicants. To do otherwise would be to defy Hudson's ancient code of obstructionism. So few people truly appreciate the importance of local tradition, but we carry on as best we can. Welcome to Hudson, the Friendly City and the school of hard knocks.
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Collecting Hudson and Subdividing It
Save the FURgary
Ary's Other Presidential Portrait
Henry Ary's Portrait of George Washington
Moore Responds
Keep the Home Torch Burning
Marina Abramovic Coming to Hudson
Galvan Homeless Shelter Moves Forward
Rascality--Now and Then
Food Is Back on South Front Street
The Public's Chance to Speak
NADA Ventured, NADA Gained
The State of Local News
Where's the Market?
Hudson.Water.Music. Tonight at 6
Viewshed Symposium Wins Award
Neutralizing the Furgary
Among the Best in the Capital Region
Collecting Hudson and Rearranging It
Acres Co-op Lives On
Images of Hudson Past
Tortillaville For Sale
Another Hope Dashed
All About HDC
Surprising Development in Furgary Feud
The Future of Acres Co-op
If You Don't Ask . . .
Locavore's Delight
Tier 1 and Tier 2 Clear Hurdle 1
In Case of Rain . . .
Keeping the Faith for the Furgary
Locating the Cannons
The "Nantucket Houses" of Hudson
Summer Concert Series Begins Tomorrow Night
News 10 at the Furgary
Furgary Update
The Wreck of the Swallow
The Eviction of the Furgary
The Fate of the Furgary
A Photograph Discovered
Cannons at the Armory: More Is More
More Galvan Projects Before the HPC
Site and Historic Significance
You Ought to Be in Pictures . . .
Support for the Hudson Opera House
Local Ocean at Sea
Three-Way Split
Galloway's Other Project
Market on Main Street
Courthouse Update
Hudson in the International Press
Historic Preservation According to Galloway
If You Do the Crime, Don't Brag About It on Facebo...
Conflict of Interest According to Scalera
What Gossips Missed
A 100-Year-Old Guidebook
Flags in Cemetery Vandalized Again
Vandalism in the Cemetery
World War II Scrap Drives in Hudson
More Brooding About Chickens
Hudson on TV
Drug Raid on State Street
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You are here: Home Page > Social Sciences > Economics > Economic Development & Growth > Aid and Development
Aid and Development
Myles A. Wickstead
Clearly written and accessible to appeal to the specialist and general reader alike
Authoritative account written by an author with detailed first-hand knowledge of aid and development
Part One details the broad historical and political context for aid and development
Part Two is a Compendium of development terms expanding on key ideas and concepts
Considers development during the transition from the Millennium Development Goals to the Sustainable Development Goals
There are many books about aid and development, but most of them either assume a good deal of prior knowledge about the subject, or are written to make the case for or against aid. The first part of this volume is intended to put aid and development into their historical and political context, beginning with the post-World War Two settlement, showing how they have been shaped by that context and in particular by the Cold War and the decolonisation process. It shows how the end of the Cold War led to new development priorities and a new aid compact with a much stronger emphasis on issues like governance, rights and democratisation, beginning with the countries of eastern and central Europe and then more generally. It traces the path by which the reduction of poverty has taken centre-stage as the key objective of aid and development over the past quarter of a century, and looks at priorities for a new set of Sustainable Development Goals that will provide the framework for aid and development efforts for the next 15 years. It looks at the shifting balance of global power, and suggests ways in which international institutions need to adjust to reflect that balance.
The second part is a Compendium of key words and concepts mentioned in Part One, and further background on some of the major international organisations and institutions with a role in aid and development.
1. From the Fall of Berlin to the Fall of the Berlin Wall
2. A Decade of Change in the 1990s: A New Focus on Poverty and Governance
3. New Development Targets for a New Millennium: The MDGs
4. Supporting the Millennium Development Goals: The Story up to The Global Financial Crisis of 2008 crisis of 2008
5. The Beginnings of a New and Less Polarised World Economic and Political Order
6. Joining The Dots: Global Public Goods and Policy Coherence
7. The Next 15 years: What Might Happen Next in Aid and Development
A Compendium of Key Words and Concepts in Aid and Development
Myles A. Wickstead, Visiting Professor, International Relations, Open University and King's College London. Advisor to 'Development Initiatives' and 'Hand in Hand International'
Myles Wickstead OBE, was educated at St Andrews' University and New College Oxford. Most of his career has been spent in the Department for International Development and its predecessors and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. He coordinated the 1997 White Paper 'Eliminating World Poverty: A Challenge for the 21st Century'; then represented the UK on the Board of the World Bank (and was simultaneously Counsellor, International Development at the British Embassy in Washington); was British Ambassador to Ethiopia and Djibouti from 2000 to 2004; and was Head of Secretariat to the Commission for Africa from 2004 to 2005. Myles has been Visiting Professor (International Relations) at the Open University since the end of 2005.
The future of development ' aid and beyond
Just over a year ago, in March 2014, UNU-WIDER published a Report called: 'What do we know about aid as we approach 2015?' It notes the many successes of aid in a variety of sectors, and that in order to remain relevant and effective beyond 2015 it must learn to deal with, amongst other things, the new geography of poverty; the challenge of fragile states; and the provision of global public goods, including environmental protection.
Read the blog post
Oxford Review of Economic Policy
Christopher Allsop and Cameron Hepburn
Refugee Survey Quarterly
The Refugee Survey Quarterly is a peer-reviewed, academic journal that focuses on the challenges of forced migration from multidisciplinary and policy-oriented perspectives. Refugee Survey Quarterly provides a vehicle for wide-ranging analyses and exploration of forced migration related issues. The RSQ also acts as an authoritative forum for the dissemination of ideas and expertise between the academic community, policy- and decision-makers, and practitioners. Published four times a year, the RSQ publishes one thematic special issue each year, while the other three issues are open issues, publishing articles across a range of subjects and viewpoints. The Editor invites submissions of articles from a broad range of disciplines, which might include international relations, politics, law, history, geography, sociology, anthropology, economics, development studies and migration studies. Submitted articles can cover various areas from a policy and/or multidisciplinary perspective, incl
Science and Public Policy
Sybille Hinze, Jeong-Dong Lee, Nicholas Vonortas...
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Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones
Robin L. Ersing and Kathleen A. Kost
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Eric Edmonds and Nina Pavcnik
Integrating South and East Asia
Jayant Menon and T. N. Srinivasan
Making Education Work for the Poor
Willliam Elliott and Melinda Lewis
The World Bank Research Observer
Peter Lanjouw
China's Banking Transformation
James Stent
Health Inequalities and Global Justice
Patti Tamara Lenard and Christine Straehle
The Political Economy of Rural-Urban Conflict
Topher L. McDougal
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Deborah Padgett, Benjamin Henwood, and Sam Tsemberis
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Anthony P. D'Costa and Achin Chakraborty
Social Sciences > Economics > Economic Development & Growth
Social Sciences > Economics > International Economics
Social Sciences > Social Work > Aid & Relief Programs
Social Sciences > Politics > Political Economy
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Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History
The 125,000-square-foot Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History opened in 1997 in Detroit's Midtown neighborhood, the city's Cultural Center. It bills itself as "the world's largest institution dedicated to the African American experience." The building is home to more than 30,000 artifacts and archival materials, including a number of documents from Detroit’s labor movement.
Dr. Charles Wright was an obstetrician and gynecologist and was the visionary behind a museum of black history in Detroit. After visiting a memorial to World War II service members in Denmark, he decided to honor the African-American experience by preserving their history, life and culture. In 1965, Dr. Wright and 30 others founded the International Afro-American Museum on West Grand Boulevard in Detroit. Its collection included relics such as masks from Africa and inventions of legendary African-American inventor Elijah McCoy. It wasn't long before the museum had outgrown the small building on the Boulevard, and work for bigger confines began.
In the fall of 1978, the City of Detroit agreed to lease the Museum a plot of land between John R and Brush Streets to build a facility five times larger than its predecessor. In 1985, the Afro-American Museum and the City of Detroit formed a partnership to build a new facility in the city's University Cultural Center, securing the funding to complete the $3.5 million facility.
"The name of the International Afro-American Museum was changed to the Museum of African American History and ground was broken for a new facility on May 21, 1985. Two years later, the doors of the Museum of African American History were reopened to the public at 301 Frederick. The new 28,000-square-foot structure accommodated a range of offerings. Featuring a series of exhibits, lectures, concerts, cultural celebrations, festivals and programs designed especially for children, it preserved the past and strengthened the future.
Once again the museum outgrew its facility and grander ideas for a new museum took shape. In 1992, Detroit voters authorized the City of Detroit to sell construction bonds to finance a larger building and ground was broken for the third generation of the Museum in August of 1993. In April of 1997, a 125,000 square-foot, state-of-the-art facility opened, making it the largest African American historical museum in the world.
One year later, the museum was renamed the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History in honor of its founder."
In 2005, civil rights icon Rosa Parks lied in repose in the Wright Museum's rotunda. The museum said 700,000 paid their respects from 9 p.m. Oct. 31 to 5 a.m. Nov. 2.
315 E Warren Ave, Detroit, Mich.
Wright Museum of African American History, Wright Museum
Harold Varner
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Peterson Reference Guide to Owls of North America and the Caribbean
by By: Scott Weidensaul
This comprehensive work covering all the owls of North America, including Mexico and the Caribbean, is the newest addition to the trusted Peterson Reference Guide series.
Owls are perhaps the most intriguing of all birds — instantly recognizable and endlessly fascinating. Whether viewed as symbols of wisdom or bad omens, these unusual birds have had a hold on human imagination for millennia.
Heard more often than seen, many owls are best identified by vocalizations; this is the only owl guide to include access to a collection of recordings. It is also the only North American owl book to include the Caribbean, covering 39 species of owls, including many little-known tropical species.
With detailed information about identification, calls, habitat, nesting, and behavior, this Reference Guide has the most up-to-date information about natural history, biology, ecology, migration, and conservation status. It is heavily illustrated with hundreds of color photos, and includes the most accurate color range maps ever presented, showing breeding, wintering, and migration routes.
This is a definitive work, useful for serious birders and ornithologists but accessible for the non-expert.
Peterson Reference Guides
Scott Weidensaul
SCOTT WEIDENSAUL has written more than two dozen books on natural history, including the Pulitzer finalist Living on the Wind about bird migration. He has been studying owl migration for twenty years, and codirects Project Owlnet and Project SNOWstorm.
on all things Science & Nature?
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Halifax Military Heritage Preservation Society
Menu ☰X
HFX Groups
Early Town Defences
Britain settled Halifax in 1749 to counter the French stronghold at Louisburg, on today’s Cape Breton Island. This brought Britain into more direct confrontation with local Mi’kmaq forces who, allied with France, continued to resist the British presence in Nova Scotia. British settlements at Annapolis Royal and Canso had been subject to repeated attacks and sieges over the previous half-century and there was strong opposition to British expansion in the region.
On his arrival in 1749, Governor Edward Cornwallis’ first concern was to secure the settlement from attacks from local native forces. His initial plan was for five stockade forts connected by wooden palisades forming a defensive ring around the town. The walls were made of round wooden timbers about 10 feet long and 6 inches diameter sunk into the ground to form a fence-type structure. By Sep 1749 the first fort near the top of Citadel Hill was completed, with another added the next month, along with a rough barricade of felled trees surrounding the settlement. By July the following year the felled tree barricade had been replaced by the palisade wall and remaining forts.
The palisade wall ran from the water’s edge, up Salter Street to Horseman’s Fort at Barrington Street near the present Maritime Centre. Horseman’s Fort was named for Lieutenant Colonel John Horseman of one of the British regiments relocated to Halifax from Louisburg, and served as South Gate to the town. The wall then ran to a salient just east of the old Memorial Library on Grafton Street and then across to join Cornwallis’ Fort, on the grounds of present day Royal Artillery Park. It next ran uphill to meet the Citadel Fort, roughly where the southern ravelin of the current Citadel is located. From there it ran across the eastern side of the current Citadel to Fort Luttrell (named after Major Hungerford Luttrell of the 45th Regiment), where Rainnie Drive now meets Gottingen Street. Lastly it followed downhill to Grenadier Fort at the junction of the former Jacob Street and Poplar Grove, now where the Cogswell Tower stands, which served as the town’s North Gate. The remaining palisade wall ran from there down to the waterfront at the foot of Jacob Street, near the present Marriott Harbourfront Hotel.
The five small forts each consisted of a double row of palisades, with a square centre and a bastion at each corner to provide covering fire along the face of the forts and walls. Designed to withstand attacks from native forces armed with hand weapons, they would have measured about 200 x 200 feet overall, with musket loopholes in the walls and a barracks within for two companies of soldiers (100 men). Trees and bushes were cleared for 30 feet outside the walls to offer a field of fire.
Around the mid-1750s the line of palisades surrounding the town was removed. By then the threat of Indigenous attack had significantly diminished, as the British capture of Fortress Louisburg had negated French support for native resistance to the British in the region. The forts too would have fallen into disuse around this time.
Due to their basic timber construction, subsequent neglect, and the development of downtown Halifax over the years, these early fortifications did not last long. Some of the buildings that were initially within the forts survived into the early 20th century, such as the Grenadier Fort officers’ quarters and the original Cornwallis Fort Barracks. Today nothing remains of Halifax’s earliest defences.
Reference: Piers, Harry. The Evolution of the Halifax Fortress 1749-1928, Public Archives of Nova Scotia, Halifax 1947.
The Halifax Military Heritage Preservation Society is a volunteer organization committed to promoting public awareness of and appreciation for Halifax's rich and diverse military heritage.
The Halifax Military Heritage Preservation Society is committed to safeguarding the personal information (including a member’s name, contact information, age, military affiliation, if any, and educational background, etc.) entrusted to the Society by our members in accordance with privacy issues and PIPEDA and/or provincial legislation and any applicable laws and regulations.
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by Ryan White
15 June 2018, 11:14pm
céline’s ex-director daniel lee to move to bottega veneta
It's the start of a new chapter for the luxury House.
Today we can announce the exciting news that former Céline director Daniel Lee will be helming the Kering-owned Italian luxury leather brand, Bottega Veneta!
The British born, 32-year-old graduate of Central St Martins joined Céline in 2012, and prior to that worked at Maison Margiela, Balenciaga and Donna Karan.
Bottega Veneta was established in Italy in 1966, as an artisanal leather goods brand. After its success began to decline in the 90s, it was bought by Gucci Group (Kering) in 2001. Tom Ford, Gucci Group's Creative Director, employed Tomas Maier to helm the brand, who introduced men’s and women’s ready-to-wear. “It is largely due to Tomas’ high-level creative demands that Bottega Veneta became the house it is today”, Francois-Henri Pinault, the CEO of Kering said in a statement earlier this week with announcement of Tomas’ departure. “He put it back on the luxury scene and made it an undisputed reference. With his creative vision, he magnificently showcased the expertise of the house’s artisans.”
Of Daniel's arrival, Claus Dietrich Lahrs, CEO of Bottega Veneta, said, "Daniel Lee has a deep understanding of the House’s current challenges both in terms of creation and development. He will bring to Bottega Veneta a new and distinctive creative language that will continue building the House's success based on the ambitious foundations already developed over recent years."
We certainly can't wait to see what he does.
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Difference between revisions of "PIPA"
Marie Cabural (talk | contribs)
(→Security and Technical Concerns)
==Security and Technical Concerns==
In May 2011, internet security experts namely [[Steve Crocker]], CEO of [[Shinkuro]] Inc., and vice-chairman of the [[ICANN|Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers]]; [[David Dagon]], [[DNS]] post-doctoral researcher at Georgia Institute of Technology; [[Dan Kaminsky]], security researcher for Fortue 500 companies such as [[Cisco]] and [[MIcrosoft]]; [[Danny McPherson]], Chief Security Officer for [[Verisign]] and [[Paul Vixie]], founder of [[Internet Systems Consortium]] wrote a petition letter to the members of the Senate explaining that PIPA's DNS related provisions will cause harmful effects to the security and technical stability of the current internet architecture.
In May 2011, internet security experts namely [[Steve Crocker]], CEO of [[Shinkuro]] Inc., and vice-chairman of the [[ICANN|Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers]]; [[David Dagon]], [[DNS]] post-doctoral researcher at Georgia Institute of Technology; [[Dan Kaminsky]], security researcher for Fortue 500 companies such as [[Cisco]] and [[Microsoft]]; [[Danny McPherson]], Chief Security Officer for [[Verisign]] and [[Paul Vixie]], founder of [[ISC|Internet Systems Consortium]] sent a White Paper to the members of the Senate explaining how PIPA's DNS related provisions will cause harmful effects to the security and technical stability of the current internet architecture. They encourage lawmakers to scrap the DNS filtering provisions---Section 3(d)(II)(A)(ii) as stipulated in the proposed bill because it is not compatible with the end-to-end implementations of DNS Security Extensions ([[DNSSEC]]), a DNS security extension which allows certain information to be signed cryptographically providing secure authentication of Internet assets.<ref>[http://www.circleid.com/pdf/PROTECT-IP-Technical-Whitepaper-Final.pdf
Security and Other Technical Concerns Raised by the DNS Filtering Requirements in the PROTECT IP Bill]</ref>
Protect IP Act (PIPA or S.968) also known as Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act of 2011 is a proposed legislation introduced by Senator Patrick Leahy in the United States Senate Committee on Judiciary on May 12, 2011. The bill is supported by 40 Senators including Senators Orrin Hatch (R-Utah),Charles Schumer (D-N.Y.), Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa),Chris Coons (D-Del.), Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.), Herb Kohl (D-Wis.), Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.), Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) and Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.). Under the provisions of the bill, the Department of Justice (DOJ) receives the authority to request for a court order against suspected foreign websites dedicated in infringing activities. The Attorney General will then be able to issue directives to search engines, domain name registry, registrars, internet advertising companies and financial transaction providers to stop doing business with rogue websites.[1] [2]
The proponents of the bill stated that PIPA aims to protect consumers, investments and the jobs associated with the development of brands and contents developed by American companies. They also said that the bill will send a strong message that the United States strong protects its Intellectual Property rights against entities operating infringing websites and selling or distributing pirated and counterfeit products.[3]
The proposed Protect IP Act just like the Support Online Piracy Act introduced at the House of Representatives is a bipartisan legislation. It has its own supporters as well as opponents. The members of the Senate is scheduled to vote for the passage of PIPA on January 24, 2012. [4]
The supporters of the bill said that PIPA is a significant legislation to stop foreign own websites from gaining profits by selling or distributing counterfeited products and it will also protect consumers. Supporters of the legislation include: [5] [6] Official statements from the PIPA supporters can be found here
Independent Film & Television Alliance (IFTA)
National Association of Theatre Owners (NATO)
Motion Picture Association of America, Inc. (MPAA)
Directors Guild of America (DGA)
American Federation of Musicians (AFM)
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA)
International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE)
Screen Actors Guild (SAG)
International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT)
Nashville Songwriters Association International
Songwriters Guild of America
National Cable & Telecommunications Association (NCTA)
Information Technology and Innovation Foundation
Institute for Policy Innovation (IPI)
Macmillan Publishers
Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)
Copyright Alliance
PIPA it not supported by many individuals, organizations and large technology companies, internet engineers and security experts, venture capitalist and civil libertarian communities and internet users because of the proposed strategies to be used against suspected infringing websites.
Senator Ron Wyden Actions Against PIPA
Senator Ron Wyden promised that he will filibuster in the Senate floor against the bill. According to him, "I will be working with colleagues on both sides of the aisle over the next month to explain the basis for this widespread concern, and I intend to follow through on a commitment that I made more than a year ago, to filibuster this bill when the Senate returns in January." [7] Wyden is proposing the Online Protection and Enforcement of Digital Trade Act (OPEN) as an alternative legislation to resolve the issues raised under SOPA and PIPA that might cause damage to the present internet architecture. OPEN also aims to resolve IP infringement but it will not use black listing and censorship to protect intellectual property right instead it will will expand the capability of ITC to investigate infringement.[8]
Net Coalition Against PIPA
The Net Coalition led by Markham Erickson is composed of different companies, web founders, public interest groups, non-profit and advocacy organizations and think tanks, industry associations, websites and online service providers, internet engineers and cybersecurity experts, academia and many other organizations. Below is a partial list of members from the net Net Coalition. A complete list can be found here
Zynga Game Network
Computer Communications Industry Association
Consumer Electronics Association
Engine Advocacy
Entertainment Consumers Association
Security and Technical Concerns
In May 2011, internet security experts namely Steve Crocker, CEO of Shinkuro Inc., and vice-chairman of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers; David Dagon, DNS post-doctoral researcher at Georgia Institute of Technology; Dan Kaminsky, security researcher for Fortue 500 companies such as Cisco and Microsoft; Danny McPherson, Chief Security Officer for Verisign and Paul Vixie, founder of Internet Systems Consortium sent a White Paper to the members of the Senate explaining how PIPA's DNS related provisions will cause harmful effects to the security and technical stability of the current internet architecture. They encourage lawmakers to scrap the DNS filtering provisions---Section 3(d)(II)(A)(ii) as stipulated in the proposed bill because it is not compatible with the end-to-end implementations of DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC), a DNS security extension which allows certain information to be signed cryptographically providing secure authentication of Internet assets.[9]
↑ Bill Summary & Status S.968
↑ Proposed Protect IP Act of 2011
↑ Leahy, Hatch, Grassley Unveil Targeted Bill To Counter Online Infringement
↑ Senate will vote next month on Protect IP copyright bill
↑ PIPA Supporters
↑ BROAD CREATIVE INDUSTRY COALITION PRAISES SENATE INTRODUCTION OF BIPARTISAN LEGISLATION TO FIGHT ONLINE THEFT
↑ Press Release of Senator Wyden
↑ Wyden, Moran, Cantwell Introduce IP Protection Bill that Will Not Break the Net
↑ [http://www.circleid.com/pdf/PROTECT-IP-Technical-Whitepaper-Final.pdf Security and Other Technical Concerns Raised by the DNS Filtering Requirements in the PROTECT IP Bill]
Retrieved from "https://icannwiki.org/index.php?title=PIPA&oldid=49445"
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Rawle Knight
Mr. Rawle Knight
BSc, MSc, CERT, CII
Claims and Enterprise Risk Management
Before joining the ICBL, Rawle was a Police Officer for more than 11 years. He was employed on March 1, 2002, as Risk Management Officer and assumed responsibility for developing the Company's Risk Management Programme. In 2009, he was appointed to the post of Claims Manager. In his current role as Vice President, Operations and Customer Service, he has responsibility for the Claims Department of the General Division and Enterprise Risk Management.
Rawle is the holder of a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics & Accounting from the UWI Cave Hill Campus and a Master of Science degree in Risk Management from the University of Southampton, UK. He completed the Advanced Alternative Dispute Resolution Certificate Workshop conducted by the Stitt Feld Handy Group in association with the University of Windsor Law School. He is currently completing the insurance designation, Advance Diploma Associate of the Chartered Insurance Institute of which he is currently a certificate holder. Rawle is a part-time tutor in Management with the Insurance Institute of Barbados (IIB).
Rawle is married, has three children and likes all aspects of sport especially basketball, football and cricket. He also has a love for gardening.
Geoffrey Scott
Glyne Pilgrim
Oliver Jordan
Goulbourne Alleyne
Valentina Blackman
Carl Millar
Yvette Branch
Pamela Lowe
Selwin Kellman
Kristle Jeffers
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Chat with Vincent Forlenza, CEO of Becton Dickinson
Durreen Shahnaz (DS): BD’s Global Health Initiative is to help strengthen healthcare systems and increase access to healthcare in the developing world. Please discuss a few of the programs or products under this initiative that you feel had the biggest impact on lives in Asia.
Vincent Forlenza (VF): For over 100 years, BD has applied its technologies, resources and institutional knowledge to address fundamental health issues. The Global Health Initiative strengthens healthcare systems by leveraging BD skills and resources to provide technical assistance, increasing access to technologies, investing in new technologies and collaborating with organizations, which share our mission of helping all people live healthy lives.
BD’s Global Health Initiative initially focused on increasing access to technologies and strengthening healthcare systems through public-private partnerships in Africa. Over time, this model evolved to become the foundation of BD’s overall emerging markets strategy across our businesses, particularly in Greater Asia. The following public-private partnerships greatly impacted or will impact healthcare systems in Asia:
BD and USAID TB collaboration in Indonesia
The new collaboration supports the National TB Program and will emphasize the adoption of recommended diagnostic algorithms to enable early detection of TB cases as well as monitoring and treatment services.
BD associates have trained 12 laboratory workers on liquid culture and drug susceptibility testing in Surabaya, Persahebatan and Makassar provinces.
BD and USAID completed biosafety assessments for 5 laboratories and developed training modules with the National TB Programme that are currently being reviewed.
BD and WHO committed to develop and launch Odon device for assisted delivery of newborns
The collaboration will develop and launch a new innovative obstetrical instrument for assisting the delivery of newborns during circumstances of troublesome labor.
The product is being redesigned by BD and the creator, Jorge Odon, and will be manufactured at BD’s facility in Singapore.
Project HOPE in China
Since 2008, Project HOPE and its corporate partners, including BD, created the China Diabetes Education Program.
This collaborative program established diabetes training centers, introduced a state-of-the-art training model, and developed diabetes education and training materials that have long been supported from the Ministry of Health and government.
BD has contributed both financial and products donations to this collaborative program.
The BD Global Health Initiative’s approach in Asia and other emerging markets is to collaborate with local government and ministries of health by sharing core competencies to address unmet healthcare needs, ultimately strengthening healthcare systems.
DS: In recent years BD formed philanthropic and charitable partnerships with the likes of UNICEF and American Red Cross. How would you measure the success of these partnerships?
VF: BD measures the success of our partnerships through the impacts our NGO partners have in the communities they serve. Specifically, one of our longest standing partnerships with the U.S. Fund for UNICEF is for their Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Initiative (MNT). Since 1997, BD has donated more than $6 million and 22 million prefilled injection devices to the MNT elimination efforts of UNICEF and its partners. To date, 29 of the 59 at-risk countries have eliminated MNT. As another example, our support of the American Red Cross Measles Initiative has helped the organization achieve a 90% reduction rate of measles in Africa. The program now includes rubella. The American Red Cross and its Measles & Rubella Initiative partners have helped to vaccinate one billion children in more than 80 developing countries, making significant gains in the global effort to stop the disease.
DS: As a successful Fortune 500 CEO and a leader who is incorporating ‘doing good with doing well’ discussing it in venues such at Clinton Global Initiative, how would you advise other CEOs to do the same?
VF: It’s important to be built on a strong foundation of core values. At BD, this came from the Becton and Dickinson families themselves and from their sense of purpose around improving healthcare. The values they preached from the start have been fundamental to the success of the company and are embedded in our history. A company’s longevity is linked to having strong principles and a stable, steady executive team that creates and fosters a culture and instills a responsibility for doing good and doing well. If you look back at Jim Collins’ work in the 1990s – Built to Last and Good to Great – he talks about Level Five Leadership; there’s a continuity of leadership in the companies that are the highest performing, because they have missions that go beyond profit only.
DS: As a fellow Wharton alumni, I have to ask, what role do you think business schools play in preparing students to operate in a world where one has to embrace social and environmental issue not because it is something good to do but is a necessity.
VF: At their best, business schools are developing leaders who understand the broader social context and the purpose of business, which is to meet unmet societal needs. The idea that management works only for shareholders is too narrow, neglecting key stakeholders.
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Horror is powered by Vocal creators. You support Gerald Oppugne by reading, sharing and tipping stories... more
Must See Horror Movies from the 1960s
by Gerald Oppugne a year ago in vintage
These must see horror movies from the 1960s are much more than just films, but odes to the countercultural, anti-war efforts, and civil rights of the affirmed "sixties" that gave them terrifying life.
The 1960s is a decade chalk full of terrifying horrors that not just make your skin crawl, or even send you leaping in fright. These few titles stick with you, long after even the credits have finished rolling. Not that they're too scary to watch, it's just that these must see horror movies from the 1960s have some of the most frightening stories attached, in addition to some of the most horrifying characters built for evil and malice like never before.
Designed more to be pieces of artistic wonder and insight into the ways of our most fearful introspections, these must see horror movies from the 1960s have given us thrills, style, and above all terror. They will not only mess with the mind, but ensnare the senses, making you somehow believe in the monster that dwells deep in the unknown darkness under your bed, even see him lying there in wait. Don't go to sleep after seeing any of the following horror films, or you may just find yourself in a nightmare of your own...
The quintessential name among all horror movies from the 1960s for which sparked a phenomena in horror and birthed the illustrious character of Norman Bates. More terrifying, in my opinion, is his lair whereupon most of his life has been holed up inside of a hotel (The Bates Motel, to be exact).
It is here where an unsuspecting Marion Crane meets the taxidermy-crazed Bates in a standoff of the decade. Well, "standoff" might be pushing it, since Bates does all the terrorizing (not to mention mommy), but it's still among the scariest horror movies set in hotels and remains a classic still to this day. The infamous shower scene; who can forget that?
The Masque of the Red Death (1964)
Masque of the Red Death
Though it might not be as popular as others among most terrifying horror movies from the 1960s, yet Masque of the Red Death still has its catching glare, especially for the fact that it's based on Edgar Allen Poe's 1842 short story "The Mask of the Red Death: A Fantasy."
Coined "the Red Death," a deadly and all-murderous plague begins ravaging the area of Prince Pospero's. The story follows his quest in eluding the plague, but as all horrors tend to go, the Prince's seven different rooms within a secure abbey become a living hell of epic proportions as his planned masquerade falls into deadly hands.
Black Sunday (1960)
Black Sunday: Remastered Edition
An interesting dive into the Italian gothic trope, Black Sunday is most iconic and unique for being an unbelievable ride down the unknown. Though it is somewhat (and by somewhat, I mean very little) based on the short story "Vy" by Nikolai Gogoi, Black Sunday still seems to encapsulate audiences with its heartbreaking story and spellbinding performances. The narrative of the short and film plot basically deal with a witch who is put to death by her brother only to return 200 years later in the seeking of revenge on her ancestry.
As you can guess by any of the best horror movies from the 1960s, Black Sunday was highly detested for its utter gruesome display of carnage and blood, but that made no matter. It scored big with critical and box office acclaim, sailing into the 2004 "100 Scariest Movie Moments" with one highly remarked-upon scene that made it to 40th on the list.
Kwaidan [Blu-ray]
This Japanese anthology is actually based on a number of parallels to both folklore and historical Japanese fairy tales, like those from Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things by Lafcadio Haem.
This Kwaidan, directed by Masaki Kobayashi, involves four different stories that are seemingly separate and unrelated, for which the title interprets: taken from the transliteration of Kaidan, "ghost story." Kwaidan was so popular and among the most fearful horror movies from the 1960s that it even won Special Jury Prize in the 1965 Cannes Film Festival upon its release.
The Pit and the Pendulum (1961)
Pit And The Pendulum (1961)
Loosely based on the Edgar Allen Poe short of the same name, The Pit and the Pendulum is a tale of woe, sorrow, and the 16th century. It follows Francis Barnard as he traverses to Spain in order to explain his sister's rather eerie and otherwise strange death.
Even eerier is the fact that Barnard's sister had just been married to the son of the Spanish Inquisitor, a well-known cruel individual whose ruthlessness has not gone unnoticed. As Barnard digs deeper into the circumstances surrounding his sister's passing, the more chilling his presence feels to him grows, and he realizes his stay was a mistake.
Jigoku (1960)
Jigoku (The Criterion Collection)
Yes, we all watch the classics, but none of you have even heard of Jigoku (and for good reason). The original Japanese name may not sound as demonic and as terrifying as its translation (The Sinners of Hell), but it's still among terrifying horror movies from the 1960s.
Other than being an extremely terrifying tale in of itself, the story is actually a rather original and interesting depiction of various sinners who meet at the Gates of Hell to discuss their interconnected stories of revenge, deceit, murder, and adultery.
Carnival of Souls (The Criterion Collection)
Carnival of Souls utilizes a vast array of techniques horror movies use to scare you, which is reason alone for it being a Criterion Collection classic. At the time of its release, the movie was an independent horror film based on a woman whose car accident takes a turn for the worse.
It's among the most frightening horror movies from the 1960s, for it depicts an unlikely story of one woman's attempt to assimilate back into a world that has seemingly already pushed her far, far away. In this push from society, she finds herself in the company of a ghoulish mystery man, who is the director of an abandoned carnival. From there, things spiral into uncertainty, confusion, and most of all extreme terror.
Blood Feast (Special Edition)
Somewhat similar to Eyes Without a Face, the 1963-released Blood Feast is a showing of blood, gore, and absolute death that many tend to do their very best in ridding this film from their mind. Why do you think it's among the most horrifying horror movies from the 1960s?
In an attempt to bring back an Egyptian goddess from the dead, a caterer goes about systematically killing off innocent woman within a small suburb of Miami. As he continues his feats of blood, a bereft detective attempts to both find and stop him at all costs. This film will not only keep you on the edge of your seat, it will probably gross the shit out of you.
Before even The Walking Dead or 28 Days Later kicked off their zombie craze, there was the classic and all-too terrifying Night of the Living Dead. Released way back in 1968, the film is a black and white rendition of the dead rising, upon which death is reborn anew and terrorizes a Western Pennsylvania farm.
Interestingly, and among reasons why it's one of the most terrifying horror movies from the 1960s, Night of the Living Dead was produced on only $114,000 dollar budget and grossed around $18 million internationally ($12 million domestically). For a movie in the 1960s, that's staggering, to say the least (if not terrifying most of all). Since then it has spawned five different sequel renditions, all directed by George Romeo.
Rosemary's Baby (The Criterion Collection) [Blu-ray]
Rosemary's Baby is and will always remain a Roman Polanski essential, along with being among the most terrifyingly psychological horror movies from the 1960s. Unlike most, it's a display of one woman's protective nature in keeping her baby safe as she suspects an evil cult is out to get her child.
The movie is riddled with psychological ideologies and a plethora of twists that keep you guessing right up until the very end. I'm still kind of unsure as to who is really insane; the mother or the ritualistic cultists. Rosemary's Baby has been so well-received it was preserved by the Library of Congress in the National Film Registry as of 2014 and remains a cultural icon of both fear and psychological horror.
Peeping Tom (1960)
Peeping Tom (The Criterion Collection)
This British psychological thriller and horror undergoes a crude examination of a "peeping tom" who actually isn't sexually driven, but is more so outrageously insane. Mark Lewis is, after all, a serial killer who likes to video tape his victims in the act of extreme terror.
It's no surprise that Peeping Tom is among the best horror movies from the 1960s in that he showcases one man's (who isn't really a man, after all) hidden layers of evil and malignancy. Lewis is a monster, but can he be humanized in some way? That's what Peeping Tom can afford to extrapolate with its cunning portrayal of fear and thrills as we take part in Lewis' gradual fall from grace.
Read next: 'Halloween 2018' Spoilers! Michael Myers Has One Eye?!
Gerald Oppugne
I have no idea why I'm here, but let's make the best of it shall we? I like to drink and smoke, so I'll keep you up to date on those worlds if you like em as much as me.
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The Man from Snowy River (1982 film)
The Man from Snowy River is a 1982 Australian Western and drama film based on the Banjo Paterson poem "The Man from Snowy River". Released by 20th Century Fox, the film had a cast including Kirk Douglas in a dual role as the brothers Harrison (a character who appeared frequently in Paterson's poems) and Spur, Jack Thompson as Clancy, Tom Burlinson as Jim Craig, Sigrid Thornton as Harrison's daughter Jessica, Terence Donovan as Jim's father Henry Craig, and Chris Haywood as Curly. Both Burlinson and Thornton later reprised their roles in the 1988 sequel, The Man from Snowy River II, which was released by Walt Disney Pictures.
The Man from Snowy River
Australian DVD cover
George T. Miller
Geoff Burrowes
Michael Edgley
Simon Wincer
John Dixon
Fred Cul Cullen
by Banjo Paterson
Tom Burlinson
Sigrid Thornton
Lorraine Bayly
Bruce Rowland
Keith Wagstaff
Adrian Carr
Cambridge Productions
Edgley International
Snowy River Investment Pty. Ltd.
The Hoyts Group
Hoyts Distribution (Australia)
20th Century Fox (United States)
25 March 1982 (Australia)
5 November 1982 (United States)
A$3 million (est.)[1] or $3.5 million[2]
A$17,228,160 (Australia) USD $20,659,423[3]
When Jim Craig and his father Henry are discussing their finances, a herd of wild horses called the Brumby mob passes by, and Henry wants to shoot the black stallion leader, but Jim convinces his father to capture and sell them. The next morning the mob reappears and Henry is accidentally killed. Before Jim can inherit the station, a group of mountain men tell him that he must first earn the right – and to do so he must go to the lowlands and work. Jim meets an old friend called Spur, a one-legged miner. Jim then gets a job on a station owned by Harrison, Spur's brother, on a recommendation by Harrison's friend. Meanwhile, Clancy appears at Spur's mine and the two discuss their pasts and futures. Clancy goes to Harrison's station to lead a cattle muster. At dinner, Harrison tells Clancy that "he has no brother" when referring to Spur.
Harrison organises a round-up of his cattle, but Jim is not allowed to go. While the others are gone, Harrison's daughter Jessica asks Jim to help her break in a prize colt. The mob appears again, and Jim unsuccessfully gives chase to the valuable horse. When Harrison returns, he sends Jim to bring back 20 strays. Later, Harrison learns of Jim's actions and tells Jessica that Jim will be fired and that she will be sent to a women's college. Impulsively, she rides off into the mountains where she is caught in a storm.
Spur, meanwhile, finally strikes a large gold deposit. Jim finds Jessica's horse and rescues her. She tells him that he's going to be fired, but he still leaves to return the cattle. Jessica is surprised at meeting Spur, her uncle, whom she had never been told about. She is also confused when Spur mistakes her for her dead mother and refuses to tell her anything about his past. After returning, Jessica learns that Spur and Harrison both fell in love with her mother, Matilda. Matilda declared that the first to make his fortune would be her husband. Spur went looking for gold, while Harrison bet his life savings on a horse race. Harrison became rich overnight when the horse he bet on won. Having made his fortune, Harrison wed Matilda, but she died while delivering Jessica. Harrison is grateful to Jim for returning his daughter, but he becomes angry when Jim says he loves her. As Jim leaves, a prized colt is let loose by a farmhand named Curly in the hope that Jim will be blamed.
Later, while camping out, Spur tells Jim that he will inherit his father's share of the mine. Clancy joins them and informs them of the colt, but Jim refuses to retrieve the animal. Meanwhile, Harrison offers a reward of £100, attracting riders and fortune-hunters from every station in the area. Clancy does eventually show, accompanied by Jim, whom Harrison finally allows to join the hunt. Several riders have accidents in pursuit and even Clancy is unable to contain the Brumby mob. The riders give up when the mob descends a seemingly impassable grade. However, Jim goes forward and returns the horses to Harrison's farm. Harrison offers him the reward but he refuses. Having cleared his name, Jim would like to return some day for the horses and, looking at Jessica, "anything else that's mine." He rides back up to the mountain country, knowing that he has earned his right to live there.
Tom Burlinson as Jim Craig
Sigrid Thornton as Jessica Harrison
Kirk Douglas as Harrison / Spur
Terence Donovan as Henry Craig
Tommy Dysart as Mountain Man
Bruce Kerr as Man in Street
David Bradshaw as Banjo Paterson
Jack Thompson as Clancy
Tony Bonner as Kane
June Jago as Mrs. Bailey
Chris Haywood as Curly
Kristopher Steele as Moss
Gus Mercurio as Frew
Howard Eynon as Shorry
Lorraine Bayly as Rosemary Hume
Craig's Hut undergoing reconstruction in 2007
According to Geoff Burrowes, the idea to make the film came at a dinner party when someone suggested the poem would make a good movie. Burrowes developed a treatment with George Miller then hired John Dixon to write a screenplay. All three men had worked together in television; another former TV colleague, Simon Wincer, became involved as executive producer with Michael Edgley and succeeded in raising the budget.[1][4][5]
The screenplay contains numerous references to Banjo Paterson, aside from using his poem "The Man from Snowy River" as the source material and his inclusion as a character in the film. For example, the numerous references to the late Matilda are likely a reference to the song "Waltzing Matilda", which was written by Paterson. In addition, the melody for "Waltzing Matilda" can be heard near the end of the film. A Bible Passage from Genesis 30:27, which talks about cattle, goats, and sheep is read aloud in a scene in the middle of the film.
The film was not shot in the actual Snowy Mountains but in the Victorian High Country near Mansfield, Victoria, where Burrowes' wife's family had lived for several generations, which was logistically easier.[1][6] Burt Lancaster and Robert Mitchum were considered for the dual role of Harrison and Spur before Kirk Douglas was cast in the roles.
Tom Burlinson has confirmed that it was definitely him who rode the horse down the side of the mountain for the "terrible descent" during the dangerous ride—commenting that he had been asked about this numerous times, and that he became known as "The Man from Snowy River" because of his ride.[7] Burlinson had ridden a horse only a few times before being cast in the film. He was taught to ride by mountain cattleman Charlie Lovick, who owned the buckskin horse Burlinson rode in the film. Gerald Egan doubled for Burlinson for several riding shots in the film, including the jump into the "terrible descent". Other moments in the film such as when Jim is thrown over the fence into the path of the brumbies were performed by professional stunt men. Nevertheless, Burlinson did much more of the action riding in the film than an actor normally would, including all the profile shots of the downhill ride.
The film "was released to a fair degree of critical acclaim" and "moviegoers found it to be a likable and highly entertaining piece of filmmaking that made no effort to hide its Australian roots, despite the presence of American star Kirk Douglas in one of the principal roles."[8] The film has a rating of 80% on film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes.[9] One review of the movie comments[10] stated, "The Australian film industry has been responsible for many decent films for decades (and some utter crap, of course), but the percentage with international appeal is quite small. That is changing, and it is films such as The Man From Snowy River that have ensured ongoing interest. The film was inspired by the ‘Banjo’ Paterson poem of the same name, and stars numerous respected local talents and a Hollywood big name star in Kirk Douglas, playing two roles.'' The two standouts of this film are the majestic mountain scenery, and the final chase scenes with that awe-inspiring horse ride down the mountainside. The film stars many big names and familiar faces including Gus Mercurio (Paul's father), Lorraine Bayley (The Sullivans), Tony Bonner (Skippy) and Chris Haywood. The sets and costumes are also great, the script is strong, and the various threads that run through the film are well handled."
Bruce Rowland composed the music for both the film and the sequel.
The Man from Snowy River grossed $17,228,160 at the box office in Australia.[11] Kirk Douglas later sued Burrowes for a share of the profits.[12]
Won 1982 AFI Award for Best Original Music Score—(awarded to Bruce Rowland)
Won 1982 Montreal World Film Festival Award for Most Popular Film—(awarded to George T. Miller)
Won 1984 APRA Award for Best Original Music Score—(awarded to Bruce Rowland)
Nominated for 1982 AFI Award for Best Achievement in Sound
Nominated for 1983 Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Film Australia
As indicated by its box office takings, The Man from Snowy River gained a very large audience, popularising the story and Banjo Paterson's poem. Since 1995 the story has been re-enacted at The Man From Snowy River Bush Festival in Corryong, Victoria.[13] Jack Thompson who played Clancy in the film has released recordings of a number of Banjo Paterson poems including Clancy of the Overflow and The Man from Snowy River on the album The Bush Poems of A.B. (Banjo) Paterson.[14]
The Craigs' Hut building was a permanent fixture created for the film. Located in Clear Hills, east of Mount Stirling, Victoria, the popular 4WD and hiking landmark was destroyed on 11 December 2006 in bushfires.[15] The hut has since been rebuilt. The film was selected for preservation as part of the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia's Kodak/Atlab Cinema Collection Restoration Project.
For the 2000 Summer Olympics Rowland composed a special Olympics version of The Man from Snowy River "Main Title" for the Olympic Games, which were held in Sydney. The CD of the music for the Sydney Olympics includes the Bruce Rowland's special Olympic version of the main title. Rowland composed special arrangements of some of the film soundtrack music for the 2002 musical version of The Man from Snowy River, The Man from Snowy River: Arena Spectacular.
^ a b c David Stratton, The Avocado Plantation: Boom and Bust in the Australian Film Industry, Pan MacMillan, 1990, pp. 64–66
^ "LIFE STYLE Man From Snowy River — 'a remarkable movie'". The Canberra Times. 26 January 1983. p. 20. Retrieved 24 December 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
^ The Man from Snowy River at Box Office Mojo
^ "Young actors tipped for plum roles". The Australian Women's Weekly. 19 November 1980. p. 32 Supplement: FREE Your TV Magazine. Retrieved 24 December 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Ride the High Country". Filmnews. Sydney. 1 September 1982. p. 8. Retrieved 24 December 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "ON THE SET OF 'THE MAN FROM SNOWY RIVER [?]". The Australian Women's Weekly. 6 May 1981. p. 16. Retrieved 24 December 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
^ How The Hell Did We Get Here?—The Baby Boomers Guide to the Movies
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 January 2009. Retrieved 26 June 2009. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
^ The Man from Snowy River, archived from the original on 29 November 2017, retrieved 29 September 2017
^ Design, Steve Koukoulas – RED5 Web. "DVD.net : The Man From Snowy River (1982) - DVD Review". www.dvd.net.au. Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
^ "Film Victoria // supporting Victoria's film television and games industry - Film Victoria" (PDF). film.vic.gov.au. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 February 2011. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
^ "Douglas has been paid, says producer". The Canberra Times. 30 August 1983. p. 15. Retrieved 24 December 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
^ The Man from Snowy River Bush Festival Archived 16 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Australias Favourite Poems on CD: Read By Jack Thompson - Fine Poets". www.finepoets.com. Archived from the original on 18 March 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
^ Sydney Morning Herald, 11 December 2006, Bushfires ravage iconic Craig's Hut Archived 27 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine
The Man from Snowy River on IMDb
The Man from Snowy River at the TCM Movie Database
The Man from Snowy River at AllMovie
The Man from Snowy River on australianscreen online
The Man from Snowy River at the National Film and Sound Archive
The Man from Snowy River Fan Site at manfromsnowyriver.net
The Man from Snowy River at Oz movies
The Man from Snowy River may refer to:
"The Man from Snowy River" (poem), an 1890 Australian poem by Banjo Paterson.
The Man from Snowy River (1920 film), a silent black & white film from 1920
The Man from Snowy River (soundtrack) (the soundtrack for the 1982 film The Man from Snowy River)
The Man from Snowy River II, the 1988 sequel to the 1982 film
Return to Snowy River (the soundtrack for the 1988 sequel film The Man from Snowy River II)
The Man from Snowy River (TV series)
The Man from Snowy River: Arena Spectacular
The Man from Snowy River: Arena Spectacular (film)
The Man from Snowy River: Arena Spectacular (original soundtrack) (the original musical cast album)
The Man from Snowy River (poem)
"The Man from Snowy River" is a poem by Australian bush poet Banjo Paterson. It was first published in The Bulletin, an Australian news magazine, on 26 April 1890, and was published by Angus & Robertson in October 1895, with other poems by Paterson, in The Man from Snowy River and Other Verses.The poem tells the story of a horseback pursuit to recapture the colt of a prizewinning racehorse that escaped from its paddock and is living with the brumbies (wild horses) of the mountain ranges. Eventually the brumbies descend a seemingly impassably steep slope, at which point the assembled riders give up the pursuit, except the young protagonist, who spurs his "pony" (small horse) down the "terrible descent" and catches the mob.
Two characters mentioned in the early part of the poem are featured in previous Paterson poems; "Clancy of the Overflow" and Harrison from "Old Pardon, Son of Reprieve".
The Man from Snowy River (soundtrack)
The Man from Snowy River is the original motion picture soundtrack from the 1982 film The Man from Snowy River.
Bruce Rowland composed the music for the film, and also conducted the orchestra during the recording of the album. The sound engineer for the recording was Roger Savage.
Later, Bruce Rowland composed a special Olympics version of the "Main Title" theme for the 2000 Summer Olympics opening ceremony.
Also, both the "Main Title" and "Jessica's Theme", from the film's soundtrack were reprised as part of the cast album soundtrack of the 2002 musical The Man from Snowy River: Arena Spectacular.
A pastiche of the "Main Title" appeared in the post-credits scene of Napoleon Dynamite.
Films directed by George T. Miller
The Man from Snowy River (1982)
The Aviator (1985)
Cool Change (1986)
The NeverEnding Story II: The Next Chapter (1990)
A Mom for Christmas (1990)
Over the Hill (1992)
Frozen Assets (1992)
Gross Misconduct (1993)
Andre (1994)
Silver Strand (1995)
Zeus and Roxanne (1997)
Tidal Wave: No Escape (1997)
Robinson Crusoe (1997)
Cybermutt (2002)
Attack of the Sabretooth (2005)
AACTA Award for Best Original Music Score
The Cars That Ate Paris and The Great McCarthy – Bruce Smeaton (1975)
Not awarded (1976)
The Picture Show Man – Peter Best (1977)
The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith – Bruce Smeaton (1978)
Mad Max – Brian May (1979)
Manganinnie – Peter Sculthorpe (1980)
Fatty Finn – Rory O'Donoghue and Grahame Bond (1981)
The Man from Snowy River – Bruce Rowland (1982)
Phar Lap – Bruce Rowland (1983)
Street Hero – Garth Porter and Bruce Smeaton (1984)
Rebel – Ray Cook, Chris Neal, Peter Best, Billy Byers, Bruce Rowland (1985)
Young Einstein – William Motzing and Martin Armiger (1986)
The Tale of Ruby Rose – Paul Schütze (1987)
The Lighthorsemen – Mario Millo (1988)
Dead Calm – Graeme Revell (1989)
The Big Steal – Phil Judd (1990)
Dingo – Michel Legrand and Miles Davis (1991)
Romper Stomper – John Clifford White (1992)
The Piano – Michael Nyman (1993)
Traps – Douglas Stephen Rae (1994)
Hotel Sorrento – Nerida Tyson-Chew (1995)
Shine – David Hirschfelder (1996)
Doing Time for Patsy Cline – Peter Best (1997)
Oscar and Lucinda – Thomas Newman (1998)
In a Savage Land – David Bridie (1999)
Bootmen – Cezary Skubiszewski (2000)
The Dish – Edmund Choi (2001)
Rabbit-Proof Fence – Peter Gabriel (2002)
Japanese Story – Elizabeth Drake (2003)
Somersault – Decoder Ring (2004)
The Proposition – Nick Cave and Warren Ellis (2005)
Suburban Mayhem – Mick Harvey (2006)
The Home Song Stories – Antony Partos (2007)
Unfinished Sky – Antony Partos (2008)
Mao's Last Dancer – Christopher Gordon (2009)
Animal Kingdom – Antony Partos and Sam Petty (2010)
The Hunter – Andrew Lancaster, Michael Lira and Matteo Zingales (2011)
Not Suitable for Children – Matteo Zingales and Jono Ma (2012)
The Great Gatsby – Craig Armstrong (2013)
The Railwayman – David Hirschfelder (2014)
Mad Max: Fury Road – Tom Holkenborg (2015)
Tanna – Antony Partos (2016)
Lion – Volker Bertelmann and Dustin O'Halloran (2017)
Banjo Paterson's "The Man from Snowy River"
The Man from Snowy River II
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Saturday papers – 3 December 2016
Posted by Debbie | Dec 3, 2016 | News | 22 |
Next week’s High Court case is covered by several of the papers. ITV News says:
High Court judges relegated the EU referendum result “almost to a footnote” by ruling parliament must have a vote on triggering Article 50, the Attorney General has said.
Jeremy Wright QC, the government’s chief legal adviser, said the judges who made the ruling in November dismissed the public’s vote as “merely” a political event.
Mr Wright will lead the government’s Supreme Court appeal against the decision that Prime Minister Theresa May’s administration does not have the power to start the Brexit process unilaterally.
He added in a legal argument submitted to the court that the issue “cannot be resolved in a vacuum”.
The submission was signed by Mr Wright and other lawyers, including the Advocate General for Scotland Richard Keen QC.
They hope to persuade 11 Supreme Court justices to overturn the earlier ruling at a hearing which starts on Monday.
Sky News also covers the impending case.
The Attorney General has said the judges who ruled against the Government on Brexit should not “relegate, almost to a footnote, the outcome of the referendum”.
Jeremy Wright, the Government’s top legal officer, is heading to the Supreme Court next week in the latest round of the Brexit battle.
The hearing will decide whether Prime Minister Theresa May is entitled to trigger formal divorce proceedings between the UK and European Union under Article 50.
In a rare court appearance, Mr Wright will be arguing that the referendum vote on 23 June – when 17.4 million people backed Brexit – gave the Government the largest mandate in British electoral history.
He will also say that, when the High Court ruled last month that withdrawal from the EU can only be launched by Parliament, the court had appeared to have been “divorced from the reality” of how modern states operate.
And the Telegraph claims the Prime Minister will have to take a stand.
Theresa May will challenge Parliament to defy the will of the people by voting down Article 50 if the Government loses an appeal in the Supreme Court, senior sources have said.
Ministers have told The Daily Telegraph that the “expectation” amongst Cabinet ministers is that the Government will not succeed in its bid to overturn a High Court ruling which said the Prime Minister must consult Parliament before triggering Article 50, which begins formal Brexit negotiations.
In anticipation of a defeat in the Supreme Court, Number 10 is preparing legislation and allies of Mrs May are now “confident” that MPs “would not dare” try and vote down the legislation.
Richmond Park by-election
The shock LibDem by-election result is analysed by BBC News
Lib Dem leader Tim Farron claims his party is “back in the big time” after it fought on the issue of Brexit to oust ex-Conservative MP Zac Goldsmith in the Richmond Park by-election.
Lib Dem challenger Sarah Olney overturned Mr Goldsmith’s 23,015 majority to finish 1,872 votes ahead.
Mr Goldsmith quit the Tories to stand as an independent after the government backed a third Heathrow runway.
But the Lib Dems successfully switched the focus of the campaign to Brexit.
And Sky News
The Liberal Democrats have vowed to fight against a “hard Brexit” in the aftermath of the party’s stunning victory in the Richmond Park by-election.
A buoyant Tim Farron, the Lib Dems’ leader, said the Prime Minister must listen to calls to avoid a British exit from the EU that involves losing access to the single market.
It comes after Sarah Olney overturned a massive Tory majority of 23,000 to oust pro-Brexit Zac Goldsmith, who resigned in protest against Heathrow expansion and stood as an independent in the southwest London seat.
The Express claims the LibDems were ‘jubilant’.
JUBILANT Lib Dems were mocked for claiming their first by-election victory for more than a decade would sway the march against Brexit.
Leader Tim Farron said the Richmond Park result was a “historic moment for the country” and said it proved voters did not want a so-called “hard” Brexit.
He repeated his demand for a rerun of the referendum over the eventual Brexit deal.
But Conservatives and others said the result would make no difference.
The contest in the affluent south-west London seat was caused when Conservative MP Zac Goldsmith carried out his pledge to quit if the Government backed building a third runway at Heathrow airport. He stood for re-election as an independent.
Pro-EU Lib Dem newcomer Sarah Olney also opposed the third runway and sought to turn the election into a fight on Brexit.
The Independent claims Labour bosses were worried about the result.
Senior Labour figures fear the possibility of electoral wipeout at the hands of the Lib Dems in London, after the party lost its deposit in the Richmond Park by-election.
With Labour committed to delivering on Brexit, in part to appease the threat of Ukip in its pro-Brexit northern heartlands, a London Labour source told The Independent that several of the party’s MPs are now “terrified of the Lib Dems”, who have said they will contest any general election and by-election on a pro-EU basis.
“Ukip is not a massive issue in London but the Lib Dems are,” the source said.
“We’re are between a rock and a hard place. That is where we are. We cannot see a way out of the bind.”
Labour received just 1,515 votes in the by-election, less than the 1,600 members the local party said it had. Aberavon MP and Corbyn critic Stephen Kinnock said: “The Witney by-election was disappointing because it emerged that we had doubled our membership but halved our share of the vote, and now we find in Richmond that there are more Labour Party members than there are Labour voters.
And following the by-election, Sky News reports a boost for our party.
UKIP believes it can win the by-election in Lincolnshire next week following the surprise Liberal Democrat victory in Richmond.
There was a Conservative majority of more than 24,000 in the constituency of Sleaford and North Hykeham in last year’s General Election.
But UKIP argue that if the Liberal Democrats can overturn a similar majority in Richmond, they can do the same in Lincolnshire.
UKIP candidate Victoria Ayling told Sky News: “The overarching feeling is to give the Government a good kick as happened in Richmond, which was predominantly Remain.
The Sun also covers a potential UKIP win over Labour.
LABOUR faces being crushed at the ballot box following the rise of Ukip and the resurgent Lib Dems, senior party figures fear.
The humiliating defeat in Richmond yesterday saw the party lose its deposit in a London by-election for the first time since 1909.
Labour insiders are warning of an electoral crisis as they lose votes to Lib Dems in pro-Remain urban southern seats and Ukip mops up support in its northern heartlands.
Chuka Umunna, Labour’s former leadership hopeful, last night admitted there were now “no safe seats”, according to The Times.
Allies of party leader Jeremy Corbyn also admitted Brexit “unleashed a dynamic that none of us quite understood” – with voters now defining themselves as pro or anti-EU.
One Corbyn ally told the paper: “There are metropolitan seats, in London, Manchester and Leeds, they are strongly pro-EU.
“Then equally, there are dozens and dozens of seats which are working class, where many did not vote to remain. There’s no doubt it’s difficult to balance the two.”
The prospect of ISIS terror threats on countries in the EU is covered in the Mail
Britain is high on the target list for dozens of potential terrorists under the command of ISIS in Europe, security services have warned.
Europol said that – in the wake of murderous attacks in Belgium and France – extremists are likely to strike again in the near future.
All EU member states participating in the coalition against IS – including Britain – are regarded by the group as ‘legitimate targets’.
‘France remains high on the target list for IS aggression in the EU, but so too do Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom,’ according to a report published on Friday by Europol.
It added: ‘Estimates from some intelligence services indicate several dozen people directed by IS may be currently present in Europe with a capability to commit terrorist attacks, and that there are indications that IS has been preparing terrorist attacks in Europe since 2013.’
And the Times has a similar story.
Islamic State has moved several dozen operatives into Europe to carry out terrorist attacks, and the United Kingdom remains “high on the target list for aggression”, according to the continent’s law enforcement agency.
Europol warned yesterday that the terror group was determined to continue attacks against EU members and could deploy methods that have been successful in Syria and Iraq, including car bombs, extortion and kidnappings.
It was also possible that Isis would try and use chemical and biological weapons, its report said. Isis has access to Iraqi and Libyan storage sites of chemical weapons and is already experimenting with biological weapons.
Did Brexiteer voters know what they were voting for? The Express tries to answer the question.
A TOP Brexit campaigner has urged Remoaner MPs to stop insulting voters by claiming they did not know what they were doing when they backed Brexit.
John Longworth, the former head of the CBI, said europhiles were being “disingenuous” with their claims that people did not understand quitting the EU would also mean leaving the single market.
The influential business figure highlighted four unequivocal comments from the most senior campaigners on both sides of the argument which made it “absolutely clear” that would be the case.
His remarks came as new Lib Dem MP Sarah Olney sparked outrage by insisting there should be a second referendum because people did not know what they were voting for.
The newly-installed Richmond Park representative had to be humiliatingly pulled from a car crash radio interview when she was quizzed about the claim and failed to answer even the most basic questions about the EU.
And Breitbart claims the Brexit vote was to do with education in the north of the country.
People in the north of England voted for Brexit in protest at the poor schools London politicians have given them, the outgoing head of school inspection body Ofsted has said.
Sir Michael Wilshaw said the strong Brexit vote in the north was fuelled by “resentment” over a feeling people in London and the south were getting a better start in life for their children, leading to northerners feeling “alienated”.
As voters in America and Europe turn against a liberal elite increasingly seen as out-of-touch with the working class, Sir Michael said people in the north of England felt left behind by those in wealthier London.
“They sense that somehow their children are not going to get as great a deal as youngsters in London and the South of England,” he said.
The prospect of a post-Brexit customs deal is explored by BBC News
The UK could seek a deal which would allow sections of the economy to remain within the EU’s customs union after Brexit, international trade minister Greg Hands has suggested.
Mr Hands said officials would be able to choose the type of products to be covered by agreements.
The union operates alongside the EU’s single market and free trade area.
It comes after the Brexit secretary said the UK would consider paying for “best possible” single market access.
The customs union includes all 28 EU nations, but also Turkey, Monaco, San Marino, Andorra and non-EU UK territories such as the Channel Islands.
They enjoy free trade with each other, but must impose the same tariffs on goods from nations outside the pact and are barred from doing bilateral trade deals with other countries.
And Sky News.
Britain could continue to trade freely in Europe through the bloc’s customs union despite the Brexit vote, the international trade minister has said.
Greg Hands said Britain could seek a deal with Europe that would allow individual sectors to trade easily with EU nations.
The customs union covers the 28 EU states, as well as Turkey, Monaco, San Marino, Andorra and non-EU UK territories such as the Channel Islands.
Each nation enjoys free trade but must impose common external tariffs on goods arriving from outside the union.
The sectors within the trade club are also barred from doing bilateral trade deals with other countries.
North of the border, the Express claims a former Prime Minister did not tell voters the truth.
DAVID CAMERON’S flagship pledge to give English voters a voice against meddling Nicola Sturgeon was a barefaced “lie” and not worth the paper it was written on, experts concluded today in a damning assessment of his legacy.
In a scathing post mortem of one of the ex-PM’s most highly publicised policies experts concluded that the English Votes for English Laws (EVEL) initiative has been “worthless”.
One leading political scientist said Mr Cameron knowingly “sold the English a pup” when he brought in the measure to counteract growing resentment of SNP meddling in England’s affairs.
One year on the EVEL system, which is supposed to mean that only MPs with constituencies south of the border can vote on matters exclusively concerning England, has been branded a complete failure.
Critics said that, far from bolstering English voters’ confidence in parliament to represent them, the discredited pledge has only serve to alienate them even more from the political process.
And the Times claims the country is still going for a new independence referendum.
The Scottish National Party has begun fundraising for a new independence campaign despite polls indicating a drop in support for leaving the UK.
The party made a St Andrew’s Day appeal to supporters to ensure “next time we won’t be outspent” and revealed that a war chest is being built up.
Members have been invited to make a one-off donation, or a monthly contribution to a “referendum campaign fund”, with cheques and direct debits payable to the SNP.
Opposition parties said that this shows the party is intent on holding a repeat of the 2014 referendum, despite an insistence by Nicola Sturgeon, the first minister, that independence is not her “starting point” in her attempt to protect Scotland’s relationship with the EU.
More postal strikes are on the cards, reports ITV News
Post Office workers and managers will stage a fresh strike on Saturday over a dispute about jobs, pensions and closures.
Members of the Communication Workers Union (CWU) and Unite will mount picket lines across the country on one of the busiest days of the year.
The unions are embroiled in a long-running row over the franchising of Crown Post Offices – larger branches usually located on high streets – in addition to job-losses and the closure of a final salary pension scheme.
Dave Ward, General Secretary of the CWU, said: “The Post Office is now at crisis point. It needs a new strategy as a matter of urgency.”
Unite union officer Brian Scott added: “We believe that Saturday is the day when most people will be dispatching their cards and parcels to their relatives and friends abroad.
And the Morning Star gives more details.
POST workers are set to strike over job cuts, pensions and privatisation today as the CWU accuses bosses of failing to enter meaningful talks to resolve the long-running dispute.
Picket lines will be mounted at a number of Crown Post Offices facing possible closure — and CWU general secretary Dave Ward warned yesterday that the service is “at crisis point.”
Mr Ward urged bosses to work with the union to develop “a new strategy as a matter of urgency. No-one is thinking of the future. This isn’t good for workers, it isn’t good for customers and it isn’t good for the future of the business.”
He warned that the union is not prepared to see the industry destroyed, saying: “We have a simple demand, that the government pause the cuts and brings stakeholders together for a structured period of talks to develop a plan that is about more than managing the decline of the service. Our members and the public deserve nothing less.”
Austrian election
In the EU, ITV News explores the possibility of a right-wing surge.
Austria is braced for this weekend’s presidential election, when Europe’s first far-right leader since the Second World War could be voted into power.
Norbert Hofer goes head-to-head with opponent Alexander Van der Bellen in a re-run of the vote held on May 22.
Van der Bellen edged out the far-right Freedom Party leader by 30,000 votes seven months ago.
But then the country’s Supreme Court stepped in, decided that there had been irregularities in the way the postal votes had been opened and counted, and ordered a re-run.
Mr Hofer told ITV News his chances were “50/50” and dismissed the influence of Brexit and Trump’s victory on the Austrian election.
The Express also covers the prospect.
THE far-right Austrian nationalist hoping to become the country’s next President has urged the electorate to be “patriotic” ahead of Sunday’s election.
Norbert Hofer and his FPO party narrowly lost the initial presidential election in May, but the result was voided after widespread voter fraud.
The new public vote is set to take place on Sunday, December 4, and Mr Hofer looks set to sweep to victory this time around.
He is storming ahead in the polls, currently standing at 15 percentage points higher than his main opponent, independent candidate Alexander Van der Bellen, who is supported by the Green Party.
If Mr Hofer wins, he will be Austria’s first right wing President since 1945.
In a rousing speech to the nation, Mr Hofer said: “We must also be proud of being Austrians.
“To love Austria, however, must never be to deprecate other countries.
“This has been underestimated by the government for too long.”
Network Rail continues to have its problems, reports ITV News.
Network Rail is reportedly to be stripped of its control over Britain’s railway tracks, with new powers being passed to the train operators.
In a major reorganisation of the system, Transport Secretary Chris Grayling is preparing to tell the publicly-owned company that he wants it to share responsibility for running the tracks, the Daily Telegraph reported.
The move would mean companies such as Virgin, Southern or ScotRail would for the first time be given responsibility for maintenance and repairs, thereby ending Network Rail’s monopoly.
Mr Grayling will set out his plans in a speech to the Policy Exchange think-tank on Tuesday.
The transport secretary is said to believe the move would incentivise the operators to carry out the work more quickly, reducing delays and possibly leading to lower fares.
A Department for Transport spokesman said only: “I can confirm Chris Grayling is making a speech on Tuesday.”
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Debbie has been a journalist for longer than she cares to admit! She has been freelance for the last 15 years and is deputy editor on INDEPENDENCE Daily, specialising in covering the morning press each day.
News review – Thursday 19 July 2018
Sunday papers – 14 July 2019
Sunday papers – 16th October 2016
Courant Times, Wednesday 24th September 2014
Donald Duck on December 4, 2016 at 12:38 pm
I was listening to Vanessa Phelps the other morning and they had an item on about Haringay council looking for landlords willing to lease any empty properties to ten Syrian refugee families, I have had a better idea why don’t they approach Richnond council, I am sure as they appear to wish to stay in the EU they are all for this project. What’s more with their large house and income to match they have more than enough room and finances to accommodate these poor blighted families.
Come on Richmond residents have pity and put your money where your principles are.
Ken Ogilvie on December 3, 2016 at 11:14 pm
Dim Tim thinks the LibDems are back in the big time, what a deluded fool. He has won a by-election in a very rich London suburb that has been a LibDem safe seat for best part of 40 years, apart from a short time that the Tories held it. It was almost a cert bet the LibDems would take it back especially as it voted 70% remain in the EU. He has ,what, nine seats now and still hasn’t the vote that we have with only one seat. I think that if May is still sitting on the fence at the next GE, when ever that may be, he along with the Labour and Tories are going to lose a lot of seats. 17.4 million voters will not be denied.
David on December 3, 2016 at 3:59 pm
Brexit:
“…Brexit secretary said the UK would consider paying for “best possible” single market access.”
The words of a traitor, one more to be dealt with. Not a single penny must be paid to the EU and the sooner the better.
Vivian Evans on December 3, 2016 at 4:08 pm
I’m not so sure, David – the words on paper read like those of a traitor, but I’ve watched the video clip (David Davis said that in the HoC) and I had the feeling he was playing with the Removers when he said it.
Panmelia on December 3, 2016 at 3:17 pm
Tim Farron & Co are ‘jubilant’ about their Richmond win. Timmy burbles that they’re ‘back in the big time’ and that it is ‘a historic moment for the country’.
Who did that remind me of? It was niggling away at the back of my memory, then I recalled.
Oh yes, Jo Grimond. He was leader of the Liberals some decades ago and they managed a surprise by-election win in Orpington. So Jo, referring to the next General Election, rather rashly advised his fellow Lib activists to ‘Go home and prepare for victory!’.
Did the Libs win the next General Election? No.
News Review on Article 50: The Attorney General is right to point out that judges have no damn right to relegate the Leave vote to ‘a footnote in history’.
However, it appears that Theresa May is prepared to go to the wire with this issue if the Supreme Court rules against the government, and already has plans for legislation which will ‘dare’ MPs to defy the will of the majority.
I hope she stays strong and forces Parliament to recognise that it is the PEOPLE not Parliament that has sovereign power in the UK. Let’s hope that she has enough ‘Iron Lady’ characteristics to face them down.
Oh dear, new Limp Dumb MP comes crashing down in her first interview about Brexit, squeaking the Remainer mantra ‘voters didn’t know what they were doing’ and showing she knew sod all about the issues. (Express)
You have to laugh, don’t you? Yesterday some reporter suggested she might replace Timmy Farron as LD leader. Well, why not?
Look at the Express’s report about Scameron ‘not telling the truth’ about EVEL: English Votes for English Laws. Scameron lying?! Say it isn’t so!
Paul Nuttall’s views on an English Parliament don’t seem too off the mark for me. Either that, or send the Scots, Welsh and Irish MPs off to sit in their devolved parliament/assemblies and vote on their own national concerns, not English ones.
Debbie LeMay on December 3, 2016 at 1:24 pm
Well said! The Scots are desperate for devolution. Why don’t we allow them to go their own way – then they’ll realise just how much the English pay them. Obviously they don’t know anything about the West Lothian Question or they wouldn’t even suggest it.
Quercus on December 3, 2016 at 11:54 am
The British Constitution is a flexible beast – it’s changed over time through custom and practice. Referenda are the new reality – thank goodness – and if they deny that then are denying not just reality but an inherent and major characteristic of the Constitution.
Dangerous however to assume MPs won’t dare vote against Art 50 – or repeal of the 72 Act for that matter. Another reason not to bother with either. Just tell Brussels we’re going on 1 Jan and reclaiming our waters – and if they put tariffs up, so do we.
Donald Duck on December 3, 2016 at 9:54 am
I watched Suzanne Evans on ‘Have I Got News For You’ last night and I thought she put up quite a good show. But I suppose a lot of people will shoot her down in flames like they normally do, perhaps before they say anything this time they should try going on it and see how they fair against the clever liberal left.
Mike Newland on December 3, 2016 at 10:57 am
They should also consider whether it’s a good idea to be on such programmes if you are pursuing a serious agenda.
This is really serious. People get addicted to be being on television. The BBC knows that!! So they can little by little get you to bend to their point of view by fear of withdrawal of the drug ‘being on telly’. That’s why they asked her. These people are pros and most of those in fringe politics just don’t know the game and suppose the invitation marks their acceptance by mortal enemies. Nick Griffin fell for that on Question Time.
I partly agree with you I cannot understand why politicians go on that programme either, but it never did Boris any harm or for that matter Rees-Mogg, and you could not get a more serious politician than him.
Even Nigel Farage put in an appearance in the early days, and managed to pull it off. I was surprised she did it but she did quite well IMO, to the point of the liberal left wing audience giving her a good round of applause. That’s not too harmful is it?
I never watch HIGNFY because it is too difficult to watch those Leftard knee-jerkers laughing at their own jokes and continuing to believe that what they think is what every right-thinking, right-on person thinks, and if you don’t think like that, it’s obvious that you’re a piece of fascist scum.
It’s different with serious politics programmes, though, and representatives of UKIP need to be prepared to participate in them in order to show there are alternative views to those adopted by liblabcon. I don’t regard QT as a serious programme: it’s merely a platform for David Dimblebore to demonstrate how long you can carry on in a well paid BBC sinecure as long as you maintain the left wing BBC bias.
Donald Duck on December 3, 2016 at 3:15 pm
Panmelia,
Like you I have got fed up with QT but watched anyway this week and it was well worth it, because the worm has turned. The Brexit part of the audience were very strongly voicing their disdain at the treachery that is going on, and all the lies by all the remoaners towards Brexit.
I think some on the panel were taken aback by the strength of feeling about this, and that we are prepared to fight back, and Ukip should be right there at the front of this battle because that is what it is turning in to big time.
Will you be watching Nigel Farage on QT next week?
Yes, DD, I will be watching QT if Nigel’s on it, though I may record the programme and fast forward the parts in which Remainiacs are Remoaning – they are insufferable.
Mike Newland on December 3, 2016 at 3:10 pm
May I see you miss the larger point I delineated Donald. The programme itself is not the harm. It’s the habituating people into wanting to keep the BBC happy. They then start going along with the BBC’s political agenda – bit by bit.
It takes a strong character to resist. Nigel Farage did.
All the more reason to go on and stand up to them, people will remember that. I had a feeling they were being fairly easy going on her because she is female, and it would have made them look like bullies.
rhys on December 3, 2016 at 5:12 pm
It depends what she had to say to get the applause.
I doubt it was full on Hard Brexit / Moratorium on any new Immigration stuff.
http://www.lawyersforbritain.org
Cannot remember off- hand but I know Ian Hislop remarked on it and I think he was a bit surprised. You could always force yourself to watch it on iplayer! rhys.
Mike Newland on December 3, 2016 at 9:20 am
The rule of law cannot be imposed by judges. It’s 95% based on public acceptance. Judges must not look like they are thwarting the will of the people in huge matters even if an interpretation of the narrow law dictates it. Find another narrow interpretation guys! There is always one to be found.
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Technology Metals News
EDITOR: InvestorIntel | March 7th, 2019
Michael Doolin Appointed as Prophecy Chief Operating Officer and Interim Chief Executive Officer
InvestorIntel | March 07, 2019 | No Comments
March 7, 2019 (Source) — Prophecy Development Corp. (“Prophecy” or the “Company”) (TSX:PCY, OTCQX:PRPCF, Frankfurt:1P2N) is pleased to announce the appointment of Michael Doolin as the Company’s Chief Operating Officer and interim Chief Executive Officer, effective April 1, 2019. In this role, Mr. Doolin will manage Prophecy’s worldwide operations while collaborating with Prophecy’s executive chairman John Lee on investor marketing, fundraising and the Company’s overall strategic direction.
Mr. Doolin is a mining professional with over 30 years of operational and management experience in Nevada with an emphasis on planning and budgeting.
Prior to joining Prophecy, Mr. Doolin was Chief Operating Officer at Klondex Mines Ltd. (“Klondex”) a mid-tier precious metals mining company prior to its takeover by Hecla Mining Company in July 2018. From 2012 to 2018, Mr. Doolin managed the development of Klondex’s Fire Creek, Hollister and Midas, gold and silver mines located in Nevada from permitting to construction to commissioning stages and then further expansion.
At Klondex, Mr. Doolin’s team obtained an Environmental Assessment for the Fire Creek Mine in nine months from the Battle Mountain BLM office who are overseeing Prophecy’s current Gibellini permitting, which is Prophecy’s top priority.
Mr. Doolin comments, “I am very pleased to join the Prophecy team and to work with everyone to bring Gibellini through permitting and into production as the first US primary vanadium mine. I am also looking forward to working on Prophecy’s other advanced mining projects in Mongolia and Bolivia as we develop those projects to their full potential.”
Prior to Klondex, Mr. Doolin worked in operations with Great Basin Gold, McClelland Laboratories, Eagle Pilcher Minerals, GD Resources, Marigold Mining, Corona Gold, and Round Mountain Gold, all situated in Nevada. Mr. Doolin earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Metallurgical Engineering and Chemistry from Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology.
The Company also announces the resignation of Louis Dionne from the Board of Directors. The Company thanks Mr. Dionne for his service and wishes him the best in his future endeavours.
All $ are in USD
About Prophecy
Prophecy is developing the Gibellini project – the only large-scale, open-pit, heap-leach vanadium project of its kind in North America. Located in Nevada, Gibellini is currently undergoing EPCM and permit development. Further information on Prophecy can be found at www.prophecydev.com.
ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD
Neither the Toronto Stock Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the Toronto Stock Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
Certain statements contained in this news release, including statements which may contain words such as “expects”, “anticipates”, “intends”, “plans”, “believes”, “estimates”, or similar expressions, and statements related to matters which are not historical facts, are forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable securities laws. Such forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s expectations regarding Prophecy’s future growth, results of operations, performance, business prospects and opportunities, are based on certain factors and assumptions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties which may cause the actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.
These factors should be considered carefully, and readers should not place undue reliance on the Prophecy’s forward-looking statements. Prophecy believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements contained in this news release and the documents incorporated by reference herein are reasonable, but no assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct. In addition, although Prophecy has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual actions, events or results to differ materially from those described in forward looking statements, there may be other factors that cause actions, events or results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. Prophecy undertakes no obligation to release publicly any future revisions to forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this news or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as expressly required by law.
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Home / Stock Picks / Stocks to Sell / 7 Blue-Chip Busts That Could Use a Spark
7 Blue-Chip Busts That Could Use a Spark
Some of Wall Street's most reliable blue-chip stocks are struggling
By Louis Navellier, Editor, Growth Investor Jun 12, 2015, 1:45 pm EDT June 12, 2015
This slow-motion recovery is taking its toll on even the best blue-chip stocks.
Some of the market’s blue chips are struggling — getting hit by energy prices and a slower-than-expected global recovery. Others are trying ways to stay relevant in maturing markets.
And still others are in a sector that historically gets hammered when rates start to rise.
The Ultimate Retirees’ Guide to Investment Calculators
Now that doesn’t spell doom for these companies – and their stocks – necessarily. But it’s clear that there are better places for your money in the short to intermediate term. Long term, many of these companies are cheap right now. The problem is, some of these challenges they face may no go away so easily and could prove problematic down the road.
Also, some companies are trying major new initiatives that may or may not work out. It’s a toss-up for most of them whether sell long-term holdings is worth the tax penalty, but these are certainly shares that you shouldn’t add right now.
Let’s take a look at these seven blue-chip busts:
7 Blue-Chip Busts That Could Use a Spark: AT&T (T)
The former Ma Bell, AT&T (T), is suffering at the hands of its success, ironically. As a major player in the U.S. mobile market, T stock is now getting squeezed by competition and a maturing marketplace.
According to statistics portal Statista.com, U.S. cell phone growth is expected to grow by a mere 8 million users by 2017.
That means everyone in the business is trying to steal everyone else’s customers. The problem for AT&T is that it’s one of the major infrastructure players and has to keep up with Verizon (VZ) on the coverage and 4G LTE front. That costs a lot of money. And when you’re not adding loads of new subscribers, the margins start looking anemic.
T’s acquisition of satellite TV provider DirecTV (DTV) may add some value, and certainly some cash flow. But it’s unclear if this diversification will hurt or help T stock in the long run.
7 Blue-Chip Busts That Could Use a Spark: Verizon (VZ)
Verizon is in a similar position to AT&T. It’s spending a lot of time, energy and money trying to increase and maintain its blue-chip status.
Meanwhile, T as well as Sprint (S) and T-Mobile (PCS) are looking to eat into the two big players’ market share. And as prices for service, especially data, rise for the big carriers who are building a lot of the infrastructure, Sprint and T-Mobile don’t have those costs on a similar scale. They lease a lot of bandwidth from other carriers.
VZ already has its fiber optic FiOS network that has helped it on the content side for many years now. But the real question is, how long will it continue to help. And where does it go from here?
Another concern for Verizon is how it will continue to grow and support its massive network as interest rates rise and borrowing becomes more expensive. What’s more, as more data goes mobile, will its FiOS lose value over time?
The only real attraction for VZ stock at this point is its 4.6% dividend yield.
7 Blue-Chip Busts That Could Use a Spark: General Electric (GE)
Yes, General Electric (GE) is rebuilding mode. But that isn’t necessarily a good thing, yet.
Turning around a $277 billion company that has been wallowing for a decade or more is not an overnight process.
Yes, it’s cutting off its now-vestigial appendage GE Capital. Once it was a great engine of growth but has now turned into an engine of destruction. The government was about to consider GE Capital “systemically important,” which would put it under much stricter financial regulatory rules.
It was the final straw — GE decided to jettison the unit and get back to its knitting. It’s been doing a good job of selling its financial assets and unloading other extraneous properties. And it will like plow a lot of that money into massive share buybacks and dividend increases to make investors happy again.
But after those anticipated feel-good moves, there’s a real question about where GE goes from there, especially if global growth remains anemic.
That’s why this one is best left alone until it figures out what it wants to be in the next quarter century.
7 Blue-Chip Busts That Could Use a Spark: Exxon (XOM)
It goes without saying that the energy markets are upside down.
No could have guessed this time last year that as West Texas Intermediate crude was over $100 a barrel it would be trading at $61 a barrel today.
There are a combination of factors involved. Saudi Arabia and OPEC decided to teach the new U.S. producers a lesson and boost production to run them into the ground. You see, OPEC can produce oil much more cheaply than U.S. shale producers can and OPEC is therefore better hedged if prices drop.
Asia’s slowdown also hurt global demand and the slow recovery in the US has hurt domestic demand as well.
While this has certainly hurt exploration and production operations, it has also hurt blue-chip players like Exxon (XOM) because it is exposed to energy at every level. And no level is doing well when there’s a supply glut.
XOM stock is off 16% in the past year, so its 3.4% dividend is a moot point. Stay away from energy until there are some real green shoots of global growth because a company the size of XOM can’t rely on regional blips of positivity.
7 Blue-Chip Busts That Could Use a Spark: Southern Company (SO)
Southern Company (SO) is losing steam (pardon the pun) on a number of fronts. First it is the only utility building a new nuclear plant. And that is no small undertaking, especially when the federal and state governments aren’t doing much to help.
Plus, it’s no surprise that it’s over budget and delayed. In the long run this will be a valuable project, but now it’s a millstone around the company’s neck.
What’s more, SO is regularly ranked as one of the dirtiest energy producers in the U.S.
New air quality regulations are going to catch up to this major coal-fired plant player. Even its new nukes won’t make up for the kind of demand that SO is anticipating in coming decades, so that means building new, cleaner plants. And in a rising interest rate environment, that spells trouble for the stock.
Electricity is certainly a great business to be in, since it’s one of the biggest fundamental growth industries in the world. But that doesn’t mean every company — or every big utility — is a great buy.
Don’t get involved with SO right now, no matter how attractive its 5.1% dividend looks.
7 Blue-Chip Busts That Could Use a Spark: Dominion Energy (D)
The general rule for utilities like Dominion Energy (D) is when rates are low, buy and when rates are rising, sell. The reasoning is that these companies are usually adding or replacing power plants on a regular basis. And the bigger the company, the more likely they’re replacing plants and equipment.
While they’re certainly cash flow intensive businesses, they don’t pay for the plants up front; they finance them. And that means they have to pay market rates. That eats into profitability.
Also, big storms can cost a pretty penny and we’re entering into thunderstorm and tornado season in the South and Midwest.
Companies like Dominion are poster children for big utilities exposed to these threats. And since the market doesn’t like uncertainty, it walks away from these stocks in times like this.
D stock is now trading near its 52-week low. If it breaks through it could fall further before hitting a base. Right now there’s more downside risk than upside opportunity.
7 Blue-Chip Busts That Could Use a Spark: Exelon (EXC)
Exelon (EXC) is the nation’s leading competitive energy providers, meaning it sells its energy to other utilities, industries and governments as well as operates utilities in the mid-Atlantic that serve 7.8 million customers.
The biggest thing on EXC’s plate right now is its efforts to merge with chronically troubled Pepco (POM), that serves Washington, D.C. and southern Maryland. It’s having a hard time working through the D.C. council and quite frankly, it’s likely more trouble than its worth.
The problem with D.C. is that it’s run by federal politicians, or at least its budget is dictated by Congress. It’s going to be rough sledding trying to make money on this deal, no matter how good it looks on paper.
What’s more, energy is cheap right now, so that doesn’t help margins when you’re a major energy seller. EXC is also running utilities in cities and regions that are struggling right now, which means industrial and commercial customers are disappearing rather than expanding.
EXC stock is off 8% year to date and that may be just the beginning, especially if it actually completes the Pepco deal.
Louis Navellier is a renowned growth investor. He is the editor of five investing newsletters: Blue Chip Growth, Emerging Growth, Ultimate Growth, Family Trust and Platinum Growth. His most popular service, Blue Chip Growth, has a track record of beating the market 3:1 over the last 14 years. He uses a combination of quantitative and fundamental analysis to identify market-beating stocks. Mr. Navellier has made his proven formula accessible to investors via his free, online stock rating tool, PortfolioGrader.com. Louis Navellier may hold some of the aforementioned securities in one or more of his newsletters.
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Article printed from InvestorPlace Media, https://investorplace.com/2015/06/7-blue-chip-busts-that-could-use-a-spark-t-vz-xom-ge-so-d-exc/.
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Garen Bohlin
Mr. Bohlin has served as a member of our board of directors since October 2013. Mr. Bohlin was Executive Vice President of Constellation Pharmaceuticals. Previously, he served as Chief Operating Officer of Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, which was acquired by GlaxoSmithKline. Prior to Sirtris, he was President and Chief Executive Officer of Syntonix Pharmaceuticals, which was acquired by Biogen Idec. Prior to Syntonix, he was Executive Vice President of Genetics Institute, which was acquired by American Home Products/Wyeth. Mr. Bohlin played a key strategic role in each of his positions and also had substantial operational experience. Mr. Bohlin currently serves on the board of directors of Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc., Proteon Therapeutics, Inc. and Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Chair of the Audit Committee
Member of the Nominating and Governance Committee
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Center for Evolution & Medicine
427 E. Tyler Mall, Life Sciences C Wing, Room 210
Tempe, AZ 85287-4501
evmed.asu.edu
Mail Code
Department Keywords
Evolution, Medicine
Department Description
The ASU Center for Evolution & Medicine is a university-wide Presidential Initiative whose mission is to improve human health by establishing evolutionary biology as an essential basic science for medicine, worldwide. The Center brings leading scientists to ASU to join existing faculty in research that demonstrates the power of evolutionary biology to address problems in medicine and public health. The new courses and degrees they create will begin to meet the growing demand for such experiences, and will educate a generation of future researchers and health professionals. Many of these experiences will be at ASU, and some will be in conjunction with the new Mayo medical school, but others will be available online open access worldwide, providing the authoritative content that has long been needed to bridge the gap between evolutionary biology and medicine.
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International Forum: “Tri-continental Atlantic Initiative” Rabat, May 29 and 30, 2009
1. Deterioration of world governance and the need for new initiatives
As the world was looking for durable responses to demographic, environmental and security challenges, global crises followed each other for over a year. The first symptom was the increase in the prices of staple commodities and other raw materials, especially oil. During the summer of 2008, the real estate bubble exploded and the international financial system stalled, causing a sudden contraction of economic activity in most countries. This provoked a downturn in raw material prices and a collapse in stock exchanges. Share prices at year end recorded declines unprecedented since the Great Depression. Meanwhile, the volatility of raw materials prices has never been so marked. National and international governance institutions did not anticipate any of these crises and did not cope efficiently with them. This is due to the inability to regulate the magnitude and complexity of financial flows on the one hand and the growing gap that has opened between the financial sphere and other economic activities, on the other.
The widespread economic recession, whose amplitude and sectoral implications remain largely unknown, exacerbates an already dysfunctional global governance, especially as the the country that is the engine of the global economy, the traditional guarantor of security and international order is at the origin of the financial crisis.
Attempts to reform global governance initiated since the fall of the Berlin Wall were unsuccessful. Some saw in globalization the cause of deterioration of international governance. Protectionist agendas, exacerbated nationalism and the very willingness to challenge the pillars of market economy are indicative of the gravity of the situation. It reflects the powerlessness of leaders to identify credible policies at regional and world levels let alone in their own countries and even more for action at scales.
The systemic nature of the rupture that the world is experiencing requires mutual accountability; it calls for concerted solutions among the system's main actors, from which a renewed collective governance should emerge.
Transparency, accountability and a new market regulation are essential prerequisites to restore confidence and therefore ignite recovery. Measures conceived in the sole framework of the intergovernmental dialog are irrelevant; solutions require the involvement of non-governmental actors in decision-making at national, regional and international levels. The methodological framework of the new dialog and the rules of the new regulation remain to be invented. It goes without saying certain that they will depend on the specific circumstances of each actor. Nevertheless heading towards best practices is the only way to achieve global governance.
Rules and disciplines designed in a renovated multilateral framework do not prevent the continental spaces from expressing their potential of convergence and solidarity and take into account their specificities. On the contrary, mastered global governance would benefit more from the input of diverse regional experiences.
2. Atlantic opening: potential concrete cross-solidarities
Morocco’s High Commission for Planning has undertaken, over the last four years, under institutional and intellectual autonomy forward looking exercises under the title: “Morocco 2030”. In this connection, thematic forums were organized with the participation of international and national experts and representatives from academic, economic and political spheres as well as actors in civil society. These forums were backed by sectoral or thematic studies and field surveys and have led to exploring alternative scenarios. They also resulted in several publications which are easy to consult, at www.hcp.ma. These scenarios helped the identification of the challenges that Morocco will face and have shown the limits of strictly national exercises. Many strategic variables affecting the full achievement of the objectives of sustainable human development depend on the effectiveness of regional and global governance.
The High Commission for Planning has been led to broaden the scope of the "Morocco 2030" project and to involve regional and international actors in the various forums.
Indeed, after having studied the Maghreb and Mediterranean dimensions of the regional governance, it has become necessary to extend the analytical effort towards the community of destiny and interests that the Atlantic space represents. Opening to the Atlantic constitutes the strategic multidimensional personality of Morocco together with its Mediterranean allegiance and African identity. The Atlantic perspective is therefore the natural framework for broader forward looking scenarios not only for Morocco but also for other waterfront countries: there is no discontinuity between the strategic north and south Atlantic.
The African, European and American Atlantic shores are linked by close historical and ancient cultural ties. Connections forged over the centuries have resulted in many human exchanges and dense relations between institutions, large urban centers and personalities from the political, economic and cultural world, fuelled by a relatively homogeneous cultural and linguistic diversity. This set of positive factors should now be mobilized to generate a new cross-fertilization. It is the deep legitimacy of the Atlantic perspective. It is from this reality that we must take advantage at a time of crisis in global governance.
This cross-Atlantic perspective has indeed unsuspected synergies and encompasses opportunities for shared development particularly suited to the current conjuncture and global issues such as social cohesion, sustainable development, climate change and biodiversity, maritime security, migration, terrorism and trafficking of all kinds.
The Atlantic framework does not exclude the Mediterranean dimension and the integration of the various continents, Africa, North and South America and Europe. On the contrary, as the examples of Morocco, Portugal and Spain reveal, geographical location at the crossroads of two continents, with two coastlines opened a commercial and cultural interaction that accompanied the first wave of globalization in the XV century.
The fact that Morocco has concluded a free trade agreement with the United States and entered the advanced status with the European Union confirms the fertility of these multiple allegiances to manage the crisis of the third wave of globalization. Other experiments can be mentioned: in West Africa, Cape Verde, Ghana, Liberia, Senegal ... The case of Brazil and Mexico are other success stories in the Western Hemisphere.
Building a coalition of like-minded institutions that share a common vision of this Atlantic framework is the first step towards regulation of large continental spaces allowing for better global governance and globalization at the service of mankind.
The achievement of this project goes through several steps and requires an operational partnership of the highest level.
3. Methodological note on the Tri-continental Atlantic initiative forum
As outlined in this introductory note, the opening of the Atlantic space has the potential to renew global governance through an original regional approach. To realize this potential, the organization of a Tri-continental Atlantic forum does not suffice. It is also necessary to sustain its operation. Three steps are envisaged:
3.1. Meeting of a science committee: a dozen participants in charge of managing the entire process: elaborating the forum’s program for May 29/30, collecting the contributions of participants, formatting the publication of the meeting proceedings. Selected Institutions from the Atlantic area will be the core of this committee.
3.2. Venue of the Forum under the theme: "A Tri-continental Atlantic Initiative” in May 2009.
3.3. Institutionalization of this initiative around a common project for the Atlantic, capable of feeding -state and non-state decision makers with scenarios, policy projects and measures to achieve a collective implementation.
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Country Music Memories: Willie Nelson Busted for Drug Possession
On Sept. 18, 2006, Nelson was arrested for possession of marijuana and narcotic mushrooms.
Country Music Memories: Hank Williams Is Born
Country legend Williams was born on Sept. 17, 1923.
The Boot Staff
Country Music Memories: Rogers Earns Hollywood Walk of Fame Star
On Sept. 14, 1979, Rogers received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Country Music Memories: Jones Undergoes Triple Bypass Surgery
On Sept. 12, 1994, Jones had triple bypass surgery, on his 63rd birthday, at Baptist Hospital in Nashville, Tenn.
Country Music Memories: Johnny Cash Dies
On Sept. 12, 2003, Cash passed away after suffering complications from diabetes.
Country Music Memories: 'XXX's and OOO's' Goes to No. 1
On Sept. 10, 1994, Yearwood's single "XXX's and OOO's (An American Girl)" became her second No. 1 hit.
Country Music Memories: Keith Whitley Posthumously Hits No. 1
Sept. 9, 1989, was a bittersweet day for friends and family of the late Whitley.
Country Music Memories: Clay Walker Earns First Platinum Album
On Aug. 31, 1994, Walker earned his first platinum record with his self-titled debut album.
Country Music Memories: George Strait Earns First No. 1 Song
On Aug. 28, 1982, Strait earned his first No. 1 hit with his single "Fool Hearted Memory."
Country Music Memories: 'Devil Went Down to Georgia' Hits No. 1
On Aug. 25, 1979, Daniels earned his first No. 1 hit, with his single "The Devil Went Down to Georgia."
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Air Turbulence Can Cause Serious Injuries
Air turbulence is much more common than catastrophic crashes, but it can still cause catastrophic injuries.
When most people think about aviation injuries and fatalities, they think of airline crashes. Admittedly, catastrophic crashes usually get the most media coverage. Fortunately, disastrous aviation crashes are relatively rare. On the whole, air travel is indeed the safest way to get from one place to another. Just because a plane doesn’t crash, however, doesn’t mean passengers can’t get seriously injured. Air turbulence is much more common than catastrophic crashes, but it can still cause catastrophic injuries. In fact, air turbulence is the most common cause of injury to airline passengers.
Earlier this summer, an Etihad Airways flight traveling from Abu Dhabi to Jakarta experienced air turbulence so severe, over 30 passengers were injured and nine were so badly injured they had to be transported directly from the runway to the hospital.
You can visit BBC News to read more about this air turbulence accident.
In June 2016, dozens of passengers on a Malaysian Airlines flight traveling from London to Kuala Lumpur were injured due to severe turbulence. As reported by the Telegraph, passengers posted photos showing overturned food carts, spilled food, and scattered luggage – all the aftermath of the flight’s path through rough skies over the Bay of Bengal.
In December 2015, an Air Canada flight also experienced violent air turbulence that reportedly caused some passengers to be thrown as high as the plane’s ceiling.
Types of Air Turbulence Injuries
Air turbulence injuries can occur in a variety of ways. Unsecured equipment, such as rolling food carts, is a major source of passenger and flight attendant injuries. Falling luggage is also a problem, with some estimates placing falling luggage-related injuries at 4,500 incidents per year. Passengers can also get injured while walking around the cabin or using the lavatory when turbulence strikes. Unfortunately, because turbulence is often unpredictable, passengers can get caught in a bumpy ride with little or no warning. In the cramped interior of an airline cabin, injuries can occur before a passenger has an opportunity to return to his or her seat.
Although fatal air turbulence injuries are rare, passengers can and do get seriously hurt during flights every year. Severe injuries include broken ribs, head and spine injuries, broken ankles, and internal injuries. Passengers can also experience secondary injuries caused by physiological reactions to turbulence, such as high blood pressure caused by the fear and anxiety associated with a violent flight.
Who Is Responsible for Air Turbulence Injuries?
In many cases, the airline is liable for passenger injuries caused by air turbulence. Although pilots generally can’t detect turbulence on radar, they usually receive a warning about impending turbulence from a variety of sources, including other pilots, air traffic controllers, and the Federal Aviation Administration.
The airline is also liable for injuries caused by the negligence of flight attendants. For example, an airline might be responsible in cases where a flight attendant failed to properly secure luggage, or in a situation where a flight attendant left a beverage or food cart in an aisle.
In other cases, passengers can file a lawsuit against the manufacturer of equipment within the aircraft or the manufacturer of the aircraft itself. For example, a defective latch on an overhead storage compartment could cause luggage to fall, resulting in passenger injuries.
Each air turbulence case is different, and a passenger may need to file a lawsuit against more than one party or entity to ensure he or she receives full and fair compensation.
New York Aviation Accident Lawyer
Attorney Jonathan C. Reiter is an experienced aviation accident lawyer who devotes a significant portion of his practice to helping air disaster victims and their families obtain compensation for injuries and deaths caused by negligence in the aviation industry. He has a long track record of success in the area of aviation accidents representation.
If you or a loved one has been injured in an aviation accident, you need the help of an experienced air disaster and injury lawyer.
Call 866-324-9211 today for a free case evaluation.
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John Lizars, Pl. 1 General View of the Skeleton, Anatomical Plates of the Human Body, first edition, 1822–26, hand-colored engraving by William Home Lizars
Anatomical Plates of the Human Body General View of the Skeleton Hand-colored Engraving John Lizars
Acquire a rare hand-colored engraving Plate 1, General view of the Skeleton, from the superb anatomical atlas, Anatomical Plates of the Human Body (1822–26) by John Lizars, available this week only at a substantial discount. For the engravings, John Lizars called upon his brother William Home Lizars, who is well-known for engraving the first ten plates of John James Audubon's Birds of America that were produced about the same time W. H. Lizars engraved the plates for this folio.
"Although it contains no new discoveries, this superb atlas is certainly one of the most elegant works of the nineteenth century. [John] Lizars was a pupil of John Bell and served as a naval surgeon before becoming professor of surgery at the Royal College of Surgeons in Edinburgh. The 101 hand-colored engravings in this folio were drawn by the author and his brother, William Home Lizars (1788-1859), from the author's dissections."
—Heirs of Hippocrates: The Development of Medicine in a Catalogue of Historic Books, Richard Elmas, Compiler and Editor, University of Iowa Press, 1990.
Hand-colored engraving in pristine condition. Engraved, printed, and colored by William Home Lizars in Edinburgh; folio size, 18 x 10.875 inches.
Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, brothers John Lizars (baptized 1791– died 1860) and William Home Lizars (1788–1859) were the sons of Daniel Lizars, a Scottish engraver and the head of a talented family. The eldest son, William Home Lizars, apprenticed to his father in 1802. However, at that same time his father also enrolled him as a student of the painter John Graham, Master of the Trustees' Academy in Edinburgh. As a young artist, W. H. Lizars exhibited at the Royal Academy, attracting great interest in his work. That same year, 1812, his father passed away, and he was compelled to take on the family business of engraving and copper-plate printing. In 1826, the year he completed Anatomical Plates of the Human Body, W. H. Lizars began to produce the very first plates for John James Audubon's Birds of America.
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Redouté Lilies Pl. 452, Water Plantain
https://joel-oppenheimer-inc.odoo.com/shop/product/redl-452-redoute-lilies-pl-452-water-plantain-12610
$ 560.00 $ 560.00 560.0 USD
Hand-colored stipple engraving, 1802-1816
13 1/2" x 20 1/2" (approximate)
Original Antique Print
Hand-colored stipple engraving
Les Liliacées
Comprising 503 plates, Les Liliacées appeared in 80 parts from 1802 to 1816. Only 200 copies were produced. Josephine Bonaparte’s support made the work possible, herself ordering several sets.The flawless bone-white paper in this folio allows the brilliance of color and nuance of tonality to shine through. It is not possible to overstate the beauty of the plates in this folio.
Considered to be a French artist, Pierre-Joseph Redouté (1759—1840) was born in the village of Saint-Hubert, now a part of Belgium. The descendant of a long line of painters, he received his first training as an artist from his father, Charles Joseph Redouté (1715—76). At the age of 13, he left Saint-Hubert to make a living as an itinerant painter and decorator. During this period he studied the old masters, and in particular, was influenced by the work of the 18th-century Dutch flower painter, Jan van Huysum. In 1782, his elder brother, Antoine Ferdinand Redouté (1756—1809), a highly regarded decorative artist, invited him to join him in Paris as a stage-set designer. There, in his spare time, he began sketching rare plants at the Jardin du Roi (now the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle). There, his artistic talent came to the attention of the Linnaean botanist Charles Louis L’Héritier and Gerard van Spaëndonck, Royal Professor of Painting, and they became Pierre-Joseph Redouté’s mentors. Gerard van Spaëndonck developed the watercolor technique that Pierre-Joseph Redouté later popularized.
In 1786, Pierre-Joseph Redouté spent a brief period in England where he was introduced to the stipple-engraving technique. Employed at that time primarily for portraiture, it is a process of incising minute depressions in a copper plate forming a field of dots rather than lines. Stipple engraving is sublimely suited to conveying the subtle tonal gradations of watercolors. Pierre-Joseph Redouté, who is credited with perfecting this technique said, “The process which we invented in 1796 for color printing consists in the employment of these colors on a single plate…. We have thereby softness and brilliance of a watercolor.” The dynamic realism he achieved surpassed all previous attempts at color botanical printmaking. In recognition of this valuable contribution, Pierre-Joseph Redouté was awarded a medal by Louis XVIII.
On the eve of the French Revolution, Pierre-Joseph Redouté was named to the position of Draftsman to the Cabinet of Marie Antoinette. Remarkably, he not only survived the Revolution, but attracted the patronage of Josephine Bonaparte in a seamless transition from the royal court to the French Republic. In 1798, Josephine Bonaparte acquired a grand estate, Malmaison, and began to fill its gardens with the rarest plants that the old and new worlds could furnish.
Pierre-Joseph Redouté flourished under Josephine’s reign, publishing during this period the monumental Les Liliacées, 1802—1816, naming the most dramatic plate after his benefactress, the “Amaryllis Josephinae”. Napoleon divorced Josephine in 1809, and she died in 1814. In the absence of Josephine’s patronage, Pierre-Joseph Redouté’s fortunes began to decline. Somewhat impoverished, he died in 1840, suffering a stroke.
References: Sacheverell Sitwell, Great Flower Books, 1700—1900, page 128, 1990.
Every antique work of art that you purchase at our gallery or on our website is guaranteed to be authentic and of the finest quality. All of our prints include any conservation work required to assure that your acquisition is archivally stable and will last for generations when cared for properly.
Click here for more Redouté prints from Les Liliacées
Specifications for Redouté Lilies Pl. 452, Water Plantain
Type of Artwork Antique Original
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Short Attention Span Review: Milius (2013)
As documentaries about filmmakers go, it is hard to imagine any subject being more prolific or intriguing than writer and director John Milius. It should come as no surprise then that Milius is such a spectacle. Even as a fan of this gifted filmmaker and his larger-than-life personality, I was surprised to see just how broad his impact on the film industry has been. Those who aren't as familiar with John's body of work will likely be flabbergasted to learn that one man played such a pivotal role in so many iconic pictures and performances over the years. His contributions to movies like Jaws and Dirty Harry are discussed along with movies he scripted (Apocalypse Now and Jeremiah Johnson, among others) and directed (films like Dillinger, The Wind and the Lion, and Conan the Barbarian). Professional accomplishments aside, the stories about his larger-than-life antics and his brazen disregard for going with the flow are wildly compelling. This documentary also benefits from more than just a wealth of intriguing material; the number of famed participants who share their thoughts on John's work and persona throughout the picture is positively mind-boggling. It is entirely possible that it would be easier to list the major actors, directors, and producers who weren't in this documentary than it would be to name everyone who appeared in the picture. Milius offers far more than reflection on the cinema and funny stories about a brazen individual, touching on politics and delving into some truly emotional territory in the closing reel. As a fan, I was totally captivated, but I imagine that those who aren't as familiar with the subject--and perhaps even those who don't like John's filmography--will be entertained by this documentary. It is bold, colorful, and surprisingly nuanced, much like John Milius himself.
Final Grade: A
Labels: action, Apocalypse Now, cinema, conan the barbarian, Coppola, director, Dirty Harry, documentary, Eastwood, film, jaws, John Milius, Lucas, Milius, movies, producer, Schwarzenegger, Spielberg, War, writer
Short Fiction - Mine
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By Michele Pridmore-Brown
IN MAY 1846, a year and a half before gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill, several extended families and quite a few unattached males headed with their caravans from Illinois to California. Due to poor organization, some bad advice, and a huge dose of bad luck, by November the group had foundered in the deep snows of the Sierra Nevada. They came to a halt at what is now known as Donner Pass, and, in an iconic if unpleasant moment in California’s history, they sat out winter in makeshift tents buried in snow, the group dwindling as survivors resorted to cannibalism to avert starvation.
From an evolutionary point of view, what makes the story interesting is not the cannibalism — which, in the annals of anthropology, is relatively banal — but who survived and who did not. Of the 87 pioneers, only 46 came over the pass alive in February and March of the next year. Their story, then, represents a case study of what might be termed catastrophic natural selection. It turns out that, contrary to lay Darwinist expectations, it was not the virile young but those who were embedded in families who had the best odds of survival. The unattached young men, presumably fuller of vigor and capable of withstanding more physical hardship than the others, fared worst, worse even than the older folk and the children.
For Robin Dunbar, an evolutionary biologist cum anthropologist, stories such as this one highlight how human kin networks aid survival — and, therefore, why people may take great pains to manufacture kin, via godparents for instance, or marriage, or by obscuring or playing up paternity. He points to another earlier case of extreme selection: of the Mayflower colonists who set foot on the American mainland in 1620, 53 of 103 died in the first New England winter. Here, too, mortality was disproportionately high among the unattached. To take a less dramatic example, several retrospective studies suggest that children embedded in large families get sick less often than those embedded in much smaller kin networks. Dunbar’s conclusion is not just the obvious one — that families share resources, and thus have advantages over less connected, well-endowed individuals — but also that being at the center of a web of interconnected relationships is therapeutic enough to increase one’s odds of withstanding pestilential (and presumably existential) slings and arrows.
Although we may think of family ties as raising stress hormones — after the holiday season especially — rather than immunity-enhancing endorphins, the fact is that in times of high mortality, kin relations matter hugely to survival. It follows, for bio-anthropologists like Dunbar, that we have evolved as a species to make them matter, and to feel bad if they malfunction. Even in a postindustrial society like our own, 76% of Americans say that family is what matters most to them, according to a recent Pew survey. If we did not have such gut-level assumptions about what families ought to be, if we did not at least hope that they might be weatherproof fortresses against the elements, then all the myriad threats to family and kinship would not be the stuff of gossip, and all the variants of real and imagined fratricide, of skeletons in the closet, and of familial betrayal, would not be the staples of our dramatic narratives.
Dunbar, who teaches at the University of Oxford and is Director of their Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, has been important in fueling the recent wave of interest in evolutionary narratives. For the past thirty years he has conducted research designed to uncover the workings of our ancestral hardware: to decode the scripts that drive much of our behavior and make us what we are as a species. Although Dunbar emphasizes the value of kin, he is anything but a sentimentalist. In this book, he chases after averages and patterns, after predictive links between current behavioral and physical traits and what, in the Pleistocene or Neolithic past, would most likely have been mating or survival advantages. His 22 chapters, some of which are adapted from pieces written for New Scientist, are full of easily digestible sound bites, popularizations of his research and that of others working in the field. All of them perforce start from the premise that our behavior—especially the gut-level kind—is not rational or irrational per se, not good or bad, but is rather the result of adaptations that enabled our remote ancestors to out-compete the competition. We are the descendants of those who had a competitive edge. The intricacies of intra-species cooperation (which can itself be exquisitely competitive) — of managing family and other ties — are a large part of the game. Indeed, they may be the largest part of the game in fostering survival, in nurturing the young, and in allowing us to out-compete other primates. This is where not only kin networks but social networks enter the picture.
Our big brains — in particular our species’ inordinately large neocortex — evolved, Dunbar argues, in lockstep with our ability to manage increasingly large social groups: to read motives, to keep track of who is doing what with whom, of who is a reliable sharer, who a likely freeloader, and so on. Many evolutionary biologists have made this point over the years, of course. Where Dunbar is unique is in having assigned a definite number to what constitutes a stable human group or community. The “Dunbar’s number” of his title is (drum roll…) 150. Extrapolating from the estimated size of Neolithic villages, of Amish and other communities, of companies in most armies, and other such data, Dunbar argues that this number is, more or less, the limit of stable social networks because it represents the limit, more or less, of our cognitive capacities.
The number is highly debatable, but it turns out that, Facebook aside, the average person has about 150 friends — people he or she might actually recognize and be recognized by at a random airport, 150 people he or she might feel comfortable borrowing five dollars from. As for how many friends we have evolved to “need” in a more intimate sense, that is a different matter. According to Dunbar, most of us have, on average, about 3-5 intimate friends whom we speak to at least weekly, and about 10-15 more friends whose deaths would greatly distress us. These circles can include kin; indeed, the more extended family we keep in close touch with, the fewer friends we are likely to have — precisely because our neocortices can only manage so many relationships. What is perhaps most intriguing is the degree to which the inner circles change over time; close friends can drop through the circles of intimacy if we do not spend time with them, and even out of the 150, especially when someone new captures our attention. By contrast, kin have enough staying power that we can visit and expect to be housed by a cousin we have never met or a great-aunt after decades of neglect. In short, while friendships “decay” if not actively cultivated, kin relationships do not. Or so Dunbar claims.
Part of what makes reading Dunbar so entertaining is the sweeping nature of his claims. We do well to keep in mind that he is dealing with averages, which of course does not preclude the existence of plenty of outliers — in the case of social networks, for instance, individuals whom Malcolm Gladwell has called “connectors,” the people who seem to know everyone and whose 150 is presumably considerably larger than the average person’s. Other chapters in Dunbar’s book use the same rivetingly bold brush strokes to address a host of disparate topics—some of which have already made it into the popular media, a testament to how routine evolutionary explanations for behavior have become in our culture. Drawing on observational studies (of water cooler chitchat and such), he confirms an age-old stereotype: that “Harry likes to talk about Harry, but Sally talks about Susan.” Women’s conversations, Dunbar tidily explains, “are primarily geared to servicing their social networks, building and maintaining a complex web of relationships” in a socially untidy world, whereas men’s are more likely to be “a vocal form of the peacock’s tail” — in other words, a form of self-advertisement.
Yet another chapter discusses the dynamics of mate selection — and, again, Dunbar detects a robust pattern or signal by discounting the noise of confounding variables. His arguments mix the obvious with the less so: for instance, he shows that tall men have substantial advantages over short ones, and more symmetric women and men over less symmetric ones. “Symmetry,” or the degree to which the left and right halves of the face or the body mirror each other, seems to be the combined effect of what Dunbar calls “good” genes and of what might be termed “favorable” womb and early environmental conditions. Dunbar, unsurprisingly, emphasizes the genetic part. The point is that, in the mate market, we are rigged to fall for symmetry. Men tend to be drawn in addition to a certain “ideal” waist-to-hip ratio in women because, like youth and symmetry, it is a visible marker of health and fertility — or in other words, of the ability to produce robust progeny. In one of his inimitable turns of phrase, Dunbar jocularly advises his less well-endowed readers to “settle” in a pragmatic fashion for mates from the “bargain basement”:
Evolutionary theory suggests you should adjust your strategy to make the best of what may otherwise be a bad job. In other words, lower your expectations and settle for the bargain basement. It’s pure Jane Austen.
In other words, even though we may not be looking for a mate who can produce a gaggle of progeny, we still, at least initially, channel the ancestral script. Perhaps what’s most interesting here is how much human nature can be modulated by a postindustrial environment, with its rapidly changing gender norms and procreative aims. Dunbar does not say much on the subject — though, he notes that, according to one study on “Lonely Hearts”/Singles adverts, women in general are increasingly “seeking” men with companionate skills (sharing/caring traits) over the traditional pick (an older man with economic resources à la Jane Austen’s Darcy). Aging men, however, are, slower to tweak the ancestral script; at least according to the ads they place, they still fixate on women in their late 20s. This happens to be the tail end of women’s peak fertility — and so, according to Dunbar, this fixation makes Darwinian if not economic or indeed any other kind of sense. Only by age fifty or so have most updated enough to radically “downgrade their demands.”
Several chapters highlight how much emotions or gut responses precede or color reason in other arenas. Emotions can of course dramatically and irrevocably upend otherwise-weather-tight kin networks, not to mention social ones in general. We need only think of more humdrum variants of Othello’s volcanic jealousy. It turns out that brain scans reveal that most decisions in fact have their origins in the amygdalae (the part of the limbic system that processes emotion), only afterward migrating to the neocortex, which does a disturbingly seamless job of rationalizing gut responses. Dunbar is happy to cite a famous, fairly recent brain scan study that suggests conservatives have more reactive amygdalae than liberals: they experience threats more viscerally, and so, as a result, may be more susceptible to the antics of fear-mongering demagogues. The point Dunbar wants to make here is that politics is largely, perhaps mostly, about physiologically-mediated emotional responses. Again, height and facial symmetry play an outsize role, according to him. Regarding the last Presidential election, Dunbar baldly asserts that Barack Obama’s victory against John McCain was “a foregone conclusion” — because Obama was taller and his face more symmetric! As in the mate market so in our leaders, we apparently cannot stop ourselves from “falling” for these traits. Yes, it is hard not to find the Dunbar formula disturbingly simplistic (and empirically inadequate, Mitt Romney being both taller and more symmetrical than McCain). Then again, one suspects an ugly Sarah Palin would have little traction. And perhaps a homely Obama would not have had much either. And an asymmetric Helen of Troy would of course not have launched a thousand ships.
Dunbar’s patterns, formulas and numbers are certainly fodder for speculation, and indeed grist for thought in general. And they are vastly entertaining. This said, he does not always rise to the level of the best popular science writing — precisely because his brush is so thick. Sometimes this reader wished for a thinner one capable of painterly chiaroscuro, or call it nuance. He also writes rather loosely about the evolutionary process, about genes, about the architecture of the brain; and he has little to say about some important developments, like epigenetics, which emphasizes the ongoing feedback loop between genes and environment. Nor does he highlight the ways in which variability — the presence of non-average traits or behaviors — may confer group-level or indeed species-wide survivability. He can fall prey, too, to a certain stylistic dissonance. For instance, we are told at the outset of his book that he “invite[s]” us “to explore those parts of [ourselves]” that “even the most proverbially exotic beers can never reach.” This sounds like a mix of self-help language and slightly off bonhomie. Finally, a rather cloying vanity obtrudes at times: in one chapter, he paints scientists (himself included) as “Renaissance” men and women who play musical instruments and know their poetry, as compared to those who hold degrees in the humanities, whom he paints as too narrowly provincial and myopic to see the importance of science. Here, one might conclude that Dunbar is himself not immune to some of the evolutionarily refined biases he dissects; these presumably compel him to “self-advertise” and scapegoat willy-nilly the tribe, or what he may consider the “out group” across the campus green.
Of course, this does not change the wider significance of his work. Indeed, in general, understanding the Darwinian back-story of our species is arguably a way to short-circuit the infelicities of our gut responses: a way to combat gut-level racism, sexism, beauty/symmetry biases, height biases, ageism, and the many variants of tribalism and jingoism. Perhaps it is unfair to expect Dunbar himself to transcend the evolutionary legacy. It is enough that he tries to name and codify our biases: that he peddles self-understanding and so, presumably, humility over vanity. Indeed, in another chapter, Dunbar shows that, if we go far enough back in our family trees, we are all the product of a tangled skein of heroes and villains, of conquering populations and conquered ones, of dominant and minority races, of in-groups and out-groups. Whether we as individuals call ourselves one or the other is often just a matter of how far back in time we set our stakes combined with the limits of our instruments for probing ourselves. Knowledge such as this may well be the only way out of the ancestral cave.
How Many Friends Does One Person Need?
Dunbar’s Number and Other Evolutionary Quirks
By Robin Dunbar
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Paradigms Regained
By Ian Hacking
People Who Eat People
By Steven Shapin
By Ross Andersen
Oppositional Thinking
By Gary Lachman
The Symphony of Self
By Aaron P. Blaisdell
The Girl with the Father Tattoo
The Right Fit: Nicholas de Monchaux’s “Spacesuit: Fashioning Apollo”
By Rosten Woo
Southpaw Grammar
By David Yourdon
Honey and the Long Haul
By Marlene Zuk
An Invitation to Forgetting
By Casey Walker
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New Fanshawe College dean once convicted for hiding inappropriate relationship while in military
The top administrator at Fanshawe College’s new south London campus pleaded guilty in 2017 to a charge related to a sexual relationship he had with a subordinate while he was a senior officer at a naval base.
Norman De Bono
Nord Mensah has been appointed as dean of Fanshawe College's new south London campus. Prior to joining Fanshawe in 2016, Mensah served in the Canadian military and was disciplined for not telling his superiors about a sexual relationship he had with a subordinate. A Fanshawe administrator said the college considers the matter closed.
Nord Mensah, a professor at Fanshawe’s Lawrence Kinlin school of business, will be the new associate dean of Fanshawe’s campus in the former Westervelt College building on Wellington Road.
Mensah was a senior officer at Canadian Forces Base Esquimalt in Victoria B.C., serving as base logistics officer and acting base commander.
He pleaded guilty in December 2017 in a military court to conduct to the prejudice of good order and discipline for having a month-long sexual relationship in 2015 with a woman directly under his supervision.
Mensah received a severe reprimand and was fined $2,500. Two other charges – disgraceful conduct and another charge for conduct to the prejudice of good order and discipline for not reporting the relationship to superiors as required under the National Defence Act – were dropped.
Mensah was released from the military for medical reasons.
The conviction related to his inappropriate relationship with a subordinate raises a “red flag” about whether he should oversee students at the school, says an expert on sexual misconduct and abuse.
“This goes to the heart of how we deal with that broad category of sexual misconduct in the workplace,” said Barb MacQuarrie, community director of the Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children at Western University.
“It is problematic that he engaged in behavior he thought was OK. It’s about boundary violations.”
The dean of Fanshawe’s faculty of business, information technology and part-time studies said in a statement the college considers Mensah’s conviction in military court closed.
“Dr. Nord Mensah has been a faculty member at Fanshawe College since 2016. His recent promotion to associate dean of the London south campus is based on his extensive educational background and experience. While Fanshawe was aware of Dr. Mensah’s prior military conviction, the college considers the matter to be complete and not reflective of his position at the college,” Mary Pierce said.
But the issue turns on whether Mensah has learned from the experience and has changed his behaviour, MacQuarrie said.
“We don’t know what learning he did after he left” the military, she said. “If the man is well qualified and has learned and now understands how those power dynamics can harm students, he may deserve another chance. But if it is swept under the carpet, what better way to repeat? Secrecy and silence does not serve us, sexual misconduct thrives in secrecy.”
Jessie Rodger, executive director of Anova, a London shelter for women and children who are victims of violence, agrees, saying promoting Mensah to a position of authority without revealing what measures have been taken to change behaviour is a problem.
“It’s troublesome when a person of power engages in this behaviour knowing they are in a leadership position now, making decisions about students. That should give Fanshawe College pause.”
Mensah held several senior positions during his 18-year military career, including fleet logistics operations officer for Canadian Fleet Pacific, senior fleet logistics officer for Canadian Fleet Atlantic and sea training logistics officer in both the Pacific and Atlantic fleets.
He received a commendation from the chief of the defence staff for outstanding leadership during his 2011 command in Afghanistan.
In an internal email sent last Friday to employees, Fanshawe said Mensah began as a full-time business professor in 2016. As co-ordinator of the international business management program, he has led development of the business management program to be delivered at the London south campus.
Mensah studied at Grande Prairie College and then went on to the University of Alberta. He received an MBA from the University of Phoenix and completed a masters of defence studies at Royal Military College and a doctor of business administration from the University of Phoenix.
Mensah begins his position June 24 at Fanshawe’s south London campus, which will open in September and house students from two new programs: business management and information systems architecture.
Fanshawe College president Peter Devlin also has a military background, having served 35 years in the Canadian Armed Forces, where he rose to the rank of commander of the Canadian Army from 2010 to 2013 before retiring. He was appointed the school’s fifth president in 2013.
Post-mortem set for Monday after body pulled from Lake Erie: OPP Blackridge: Anti-bullying expert calls teacher's campaign website purchase 'seriously problematic'
New Fanshawe dean once rapped by military over sexual relationship
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February 27, 2016 by Hunter Terry
SUPERDELEGATES FOR HILLARY MAKES TOTAL SENSE
Across the U.S. Bernie Sanders’ fans are thrilled about his vision of bringing revolution to the Democratic Party and overjoyed about his rise to prominence, but from Rachel Maddow to your Facebook wall they are furiously confused about the mighty Superdelegates, many of whom have already signed on to support Hillary Clinton.
The Superdelegates are made up of elected members of the Democratic Party and their votes in the primary account for nearly a fifth of the total delegate count. Although the DNC maintains that these Superdelegates could all change their endorsement at the convention, should they choose, most of the them have already announced their support for Ms. Clinton.
“The Democratic National Committee shouldn’t be picking favorites,” I often read. Constant complaints that the DNC must be shills for Hillary and that they should equally support both presidential candidates and worry more about the Congressional races down the ticket.
To that point they are right, the DNC is concerned about elections up and down the ticket, and Sanders’ fans need to realize that like it or not, it is that concern that informs their decisions regarding their candidates for the White House.
A lot of it comes down to one simple fact, a fact that Sanders’ fans did not like hearing when Ms. Clinton pointed it out at last week’s town hall; Bernie Sanders has never been a Democrat.
Sanders’ is an Independent who preaches the best Democratic ideals, votes Democratic and benefits from Dem fundraisers, but he doesn’t raise money for other Democrats. He has not always been in the trenches with Democrats who’ve been struggling to stop the onslaught of the Tea Party, the Bushes and Union Busters for the past decades.
ABC NEWS – 12/19/15 – ABC News coverage of the Democratic Presidential debate from St. Anselm College in Manchester, NH, airing Saturday, Dec. 19, 2015 on the ABC Television Network and all ABC News platforms. (ABC/ Ida Mae Astute) BERNIE SANDERS, HILLARY CLINTON
Hillary, on the other hand has already raised millions of dollars for other Democrats. Democrats who fight as a team against a wave of partisan opponents constantly pushing deregulation, anti-union, anti-middle class policies.
The Super Delegates support Hillary because she been good for the Democratic Party for decades, good for the party to win seats and votes, enabling them to better stand against the extremist tide.
There are plenty of Democrats with elections in red states, or at least red districts, who will need to pull centrists to keep or win their seats. It makes sense that they would be weary of the candidate running ever further from the center.
When you run on the National Stage you have to live up to the dreams of many constituencies, you have to negotiate and sometimes there are hard choices with no outcomes that provide wins for everyone. It’s much easier to be single minded and stubborn, to refuse to barter, when you’re focused on a small set of issues, for a smaller audience.
Bernie and his big ideas rock, but Hillary bashers are doing a disservice to Ms. Clinton, as well as the Democratic Party as a whole. For more than a generation she’s been a leader and supporter of the Party that Bernie has never deigned to be officially counted among, until now that it serves his revolutionary dream.
Posted in Editorial, Elections, Politics
Tagged Bernie, Bernie Sanders, Clinton, Democratic National Committee, Democrats, DNC, Elections, Hillary Clinton, Liberals, President, Progressives, Superdelegates
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Sports Live Stream Online
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St. Louis Cardinals vs Milwaukee Brewers Live Stream MLB
Cardinals vs. Brewers: MLB Opening Day prediction, pick, odds, line, TV channel, watch online, live stream.
As part of a full Opening Day slate in which all 30 teams are in action, the Cardinals will get their 2019 season started against division rival Milwaukee Brewers. Here’s how you can watch:
Watch St. Louis Cardinals vs Milwaukee Brewers Live Stream
MLB Opening Day viewing information
Dates: Thursday, March 28
Time: 2:10 p.m. ET
Location: Miller Park — Milwaukee, Wisconsin
TV: Fox Sports Midwest and Fox Sports Wisconsin
Live stream: fuboTV (Try for free)
Live Stats: GameTracker
Picks: Check SportsLine’s MLB pick sheet for all your daily odds.
Odds: Cardinals -120 / Brewers +102
Cardinals: St. Louis acquired six-time All-Star first baseman Paul Goldschmidt from Arizona in December and finalized a five-year, $130 million extension before the start of the 2019 regular season. The Cards bring Goldschmidt to St. Louis in the hopes that he will lead them to the top of the National League Central and help the team make the postseason for the first time in four years. Goldschmidt will join a lineup that includes Marcell Ozuna, Dexter Fowler, Yadier Molina, Matt Carpenter and Paul DeJong. They’ve got the ability to score plenty of runs, and if the Cards see strong seasons from Dexter Fowler and Marcell Ozuna, they’ll be dangerous in 2019.
Miles Mikolas, 30, will start Opening Day and he was 18-4 with a 2.83 ERA and 146 strikeouts last season. The Cards will need the rest of their arms healthy — especially the young guys like Jack Flaherty and Carlos Martinez — if they want to make another run in the NL Central. St. Louis also brought on Andrew Miller to further bolster their bullpen, meaning 22-year-old Jordan Hicks will likely be the team’s closer in 2019.
Brewers: The defending National League Central champion Milwaukee Brewers are entering 2019 hoping to build on their impressive 2018 campaign. Led by the reigning NL MVP Christian Yelich, Milwaukee finished the year with an overall record of 95-67, defeated the Chicago Cubs in a game 163 for the division crown and pushed the Los Angeles Dodgers to a Game 7 in the NL Championship Series.
After making a few small tweaks to the team this winter, the Brewers look like they’re set for another deep playoff run. The team signed the top free agent catcher on the market in Yasmani Grandal, to a one-year deal worth $18.25 million. They also re-signed third baseman Mike Moustakas to a one-year contract, allowing Travis Shaw to return to second base. The Brewers don’t have a top of the line starting pitcher in their rotation, but manager Craig Counsell will have plenty of options because they have a good amount of depth in their pitching staff. Milwaukee will hope to see strong performances from starters Freddy Peralta, Brandon Woodruff and Corbin Burnes in 2019.
Both these teams pack a powerful punch with their lineups, but I think the Cardinals behind Miles Mikolas, will have the edge over the Brewers in this game.
Pick: Cardinals -120
Posted bykalister March 28, 2019 March 28, 2019 Posted inUncategorizedLeave a comment on St. Louis Cardinals vs Milwaukee Brewers Live Stream MLB
Baltimore Orioles vs New York Yankees Live Stream MLB
Baltimore Orioles vs. New York Yankees FREE Live Stream (3/28/19): Watch MLB baseball online Opening Day 2019.
The New York Yankees begin their 2019 season on Thursday, March 28 (3/28/19) when they host the Baltimore Orioles at 1:05 p.m. EDT at Yankee Stadium in the Bronx.
Watch Baltimore Orioles vs New York Yankees Live
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Here’s proof Yankees’ Aaron Judge is the most feared hitter in baseball
The New York Yankees open the regular season on Thursday when they host the Baltimore Orioles.
Who: Baltimore Orioles at New York Yankees
When: Thursday, March 28, 2019
Where: Yankee Stadium
Time: 1:05 p.m. Eastern
TV: ESPN, YES Network
Channel finder: Verizon Fios, AT&T U-verse, Comcast Xfinity, Spectrum/Charter, Optimum/Altice, DIRECTV, Dish, Hulu, fuboTV, Sling.
Live stream: fuboTV (free trial), WatchESPN
8 bold Yankees predictions before Opening Day: Will AL East and/or World Series droughts end? Greg Bird over Luke Voit? Troy Tulowitzki a short-timer?
The New York Yankees’ regular season begins on Thursday when they host the Baltimore Orioles.
The New York Yankees open the season with likely baseball’s most accomplished injured list.
Luis Severino, CC Sabathia, Dellin Betances, Didi Gregorius, Aaron Hicks, Jordan Montgomery and just-about-forgotten Jacoby Ellsbury all start on the sidelines.
Still, the Yankees have among the most formidable lineups in the major leagues, a power plant that includes Aaron Judge, Giancarlo Stanton and Gary Sanchez.
“We’ve taken hits. It’s not the way you would draw it up, but at the same time it’s part of the playing season where you’re going to be down for a period of time,” general manager Brian Cashman said. “So when you’re dealing with them, then there’s degree of hits and these are resolvable ones. These have expiration timing tags to them. For that, you’re thankful.”
New York went 100-62 last season for its best record since 2009, yet finished eight games back of the AL East champion Boston Red Sox, who won the World Series for the fourth time in 15 seasons. Last year’s Yankees set a major league record with 267 homers, three more than the 1997 Seattle Mariners. New York was the first team with a dozen players to reach double digits in long balls, and the first with 20 or more from all nine spots in the batting order.
Posted bykalister March 28, 2019 March 28, 2019 Posted inUncategorizedLeave a comment on Baltimore Orioles vs New York Yankees Live Stream MLB
New York Mets vs Washington Nationals Live Stream MLB
Watch New York Mets vs Washington Nationals Live Stream MLB. Washington Nationals vs. New York Mets – 3/28/19 MLB Pick, Odds, and Prediction.
>> New York Mets vs Washington Nationals Live Stream
New York Mets at Washington Nationals
Date & Time Thursday March 28, 2019, 1:05 PM (EDT)
Nationals Park
Washington Nationals -137 / New York Mets +127 — O/U: 7
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MLB | New York Mets at Washington Nationals
Steve Mitchell-USA TODAY Sports
The New York Mets and the Washington Nationals meet in MLB action from Nationals Park on opening day on Thursday.
The New York Mets come into the 2019 season full of optimism after finishing the 2018 regular season with an overall record of 77-85, good for 4th in the NL East and resulting in the parting of ways between New York and then-GM Sandy Alderson. Enter GM Brodie Van Wagenen, who made an instant splash signing the likes of Wilson Ramos from the Rays as a free agent after hitting for a .306 average with 15 home runs and 70 RBIs behind the plate last season. The Mets also traded Jay Bruce to Seattle, bringing in a solid veteran in Robinson Cano and a key bullpen piece in Edwin Diaz who recorded 57 saves for Seattle last season. Only time will tell if New York can return to the playoffs for the first time since 2016. Jacob DeGrom will start game one and was 10-9 with a 1.70 ERA and 269 strikeouts last season. In his career, DeGrom is 7-4 with a 2.65 ERA and 119 strikeouts against Washington.
The Washington Nationals enter the 2019 season having to do something that they haven’t had to do since 2012, and that’s start opening day without Bryce Harper. The Nats finished 2018 with a record of 82-80, finishing 8 games back of the division-winning Braves. The offseason wasn’t terrible for Washington outside of losing Harper, as Washington signed starting pitcher Patrick Corbin to a 6-year, $140 million deal, coming after Corbin finished 2018 with a record of 11-7 with a 3.15 ERA and 246 strikeouts. The Nationals also traded for Yan Gomes to start behind the plate and signed Kurt Suzuki to back him up. Washington also added a veteran presence, signing Brian Dozier, Matt Adams and Anibal Sanchez. The Nationals still boast a strong rotation with Max Scherzer and Stephen Strasburg along with Corbin and possibly Sanchez along with Jeremy Hellickson. It will no doubt be interesting to see how life without Bryce Harper is going forward. Max Scherzer will start game one and was 18-7 with a 2.53 ERA and 300 strikeouts last season. In his career, Scherzer is 9-4 with a 2.43 ERA and 148 strikeouts against the Mets.
New York is 4-1 in their last 5 games overall and 4-10 in DeGrom’s last 14 division starts while the under is 11-5 in their last 16 games against a right-handed starter. Washington is 23-9 in Scherzer’s last 32 home starts and 4-1 in their last 5 home games while the over is 4-0 in Scherzer’s last 4 starts overall. New York is 6-0 in DeGrom’s last 6 road starts against Washington and 9-3 in DeGrom’s last 12 starts against Washington overall.
It’s always tempting to take the Nationals when you get Scherzer and a cheap price, but I’m expecting there to be a learning curve without Harper in the lineup, even with spring training being played without Harper in the lineup. New York put some work in during the offseason, and I’m intrigued to see the impact that the new acquisitions have in game one. The Mets have also owned the Nats with DeGrom on the mound at Nationals Park so I’ll take a shot with New York and the plus money on opening day.
Posted bykalister March 28, 2019 March 28, 2019 Posted inUncategorizedLeave a comment on New York Mets vs Washington Nationals Live Stream MLB
Posted bykalister March 28, 2019 Posted inUncategorized1 Comment on Hello world!
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» Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz
Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz
Surname Iwanow-Szajnowicz
Given Name Jerzy
Born 14 Dec 1911
Died 4 Jan 1943
Country Poland, United Kingdom
Category Intelligence
Contributor: John Radzilowski
ww2dbaseUntil his capture and execution in 1943, Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz was one of the most daring and effective British agents in Nazi-occupied Greece. According to British officials, this single agent was worth an entire division of soldiers.
ww2dbaseIwanow-Szajnowicz was the son of Vladimir Ivanov (Polish: Iwanow), a Russian army officer, and Leonarda Szajnowicz, a Polish woman from Warsaw. The couple divorced shortly after the birth of their son. Leonarda, then living in Batum, met and married a wealthy Greek businessman, Joannis Labrianidis. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, the couple moved to Salonika, Greece but Iwanow-Szajnowicz was educated at a Catholic boarding school in Bielany, Poland, and then attended a French high school in Salonika. The young man excelled in athletics and academics and later received a degree in agronomy at the University of Louvain in Belgium. Thanks to his unusual upbringing, Iwanow-Szajnowicz was fluent in Polish, Greek, French, and Russian, and also learned to speak excellent English and German. A world-class swimmer, he won numerous medals at the club level in Greece and was a member of the Polish national water polo team in the 1930s.
ww2dbaseBefore the war intervened, Iwanow-Szajnowicz had planned to use his degree in agronomy to assist in the development of farming in Africa. Between 1939 and 1941, he worked in Salonika to help Poles fleeing Nazi occupation escape to the Middle East. After the German invasion of Greece, he made his way to Haifa where he volunteered for the Polish Carpathian Brigade, then serving in North Africa. His dual citizenship and his unusual set of skills, however, led to his recruitment by Polish military intelligence. He was then seconded to the British Special Operations Executive (SOE). Iwanow-Szajnowicz's fluency in Greek proved a valuable asset. At the time, SOE had few Greek-speaking agents and was trying to build a network of operatives in occupied Greece which was a hub for German and Italian shipping and a constant menace to Allied operations in the Mediterranean. After receiving training in spycraft, diversion, and sabotage, the young Pole was sent back to Greece in October 1941 as SOE Agent 033B.
ww2dbaseOnce in Greece, he created a network of Greek patriots - students, businesspeople, and former military personnel - to gather intelligence on Axis operations which was transmitted via clandestine radio sets. On Dec. 18, 1941, he was betrayed by an associate and arrested by the Gestapo. He promptly escaped his Nazi captors who put a price on his head-the massive sum of 500,000 drachma. Although forced to remain in hiding, Iwanow-Szajnowicz, far from lying low, stepped up his activities. He adopted a series of disguises and became a one-man army of destruction.
ww2dbaseIn early 1942, he sabotaged the Maltsinioti Brothers factory in Athens, destroying a large quantity of ammunition and several aircraft engines that were under repair. Nazi authorities later executed 10 Greek workers in retaliation for the attack. In February and March, he infiltrated the Skaramanga naval yard in Athens disguised as a worker. On the night of March 13/14 he swam across to harbor to the German submarine U-133 and placed explosives on the ship which was preparing to leave on a combat mission. A few hours after U-133 left the harbor, the bombs exploded sinking the submarine and killing 45 crew members. In August 1942, he swam across the harbor again and placed a delayed fuse bomb aboard the U-boat U-372, which was about to be sent to support Axis intelligence operations in the eastern Mediterranean. The bombs exploded when U-372 was off the coast of Palestine, forcing the submarine to the surface where it was sunk by British ships and aircraft and the crew taken prisoner.
ww2dbaseAgain using his swimming skills, Iwanow-Szajnowicz was able to lay charges that sank the Spanish transport ship San Isidore which was being used by the Germans to smuggle arms and supplies to their agents in the Mediterranean. Moving to the island of Paros, he sank several Italian transport vessels used to ferry troops and supplies to garrisons on nearby Greek islands. Accompanied by his 17-year old Greek companion, Gabriela Milonopoulou, he then infiltrated the Axis airfield of Elliniko and destroyed fuel supply tanks and several aircraft. Also during this period, he destroyed a locomotive and derailed a train full of military supplies.
ww2dbaseInterviewed in 2013, Milonopoulou, who witnessed many of Iwanow-Szajnowicz's exploits, stated, "He was an ardent patriot and a very brave man. He was educated in Belgium, spoke fluent Greek and three or four other languages. This was a man of 'supernatural' fearlessness and perfect as a spy. When he escaped from prison, he removed handcuffs with serpentine movements, using Vaseline." She also recalled one occasion when the Gestapo managed to track their radio set. Iwanow-Szajnowicz hid her and the radio set in a coffin and placed it the back of a commandeered truck. Disguised as a simple truck driver he drove them out of the city and away from the Nazi dragnet.
ww2dbaseUsing his network of Greek agents, Iwanow-Szajnowicz infiltrated a Greek factory making engines for German and Italian aircraft. He and his agents placed parts in the engines that would gradually decompose over time when in contact with oil. The engines would pass all initial tests and be placed into operational aircraft where they would soon fail, sometimes while in flight. It is estimated that Iwanow-Szajnowicz and his network destroyed or disabled some 400 Axis aircraft.
ww2dbaseHe once came close to assassinating Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. During Mussolini's visit to Athens in July 1942, Iwanow-Szajnowicz, disguised as a German officer, planted a bomb in the hotel where the dictator planned to stay. Mussolini cheated death due to a last minute change in plans that resulted in cutting short his stay in Greece.
ww2dbaseArrested by Italian authorities in late 1942, Iwanow-Szajnowicz escaped again, this time bluffing his way of out of prison disguised as an inebriated Italian officer. He was captured for a third time by the Nazis in November 1942 and given three death sentences. He told his captors "the British sent me, but I am an emissary of the Poles, who will never stop fighting you." While being sent to his execution, he almost escaped a third time, overpowering one of his guards before being recaptured. On January 4, 1943, he was executed by a Nazi firing squad near Athens. Witnesses reported his last words were "long live Poland! Long live Greece!"
ww2dbaseConsidered by some to be a prototype for Ian Fleming's character James Bond, Iwanow-Szajnowicz was posthumously awarded the highest decorations for valor by both Poland and Greece: the Polish Virtuti Militari and the Greek Cross of Valor (Gold), as well as a medal by British government. He is commemorated with a monument in his adopted hometown of Salonika where an annual swimming competition is held in his honor.
Grzegorz Łyś, "Agent o sile dywizji," [The Agent Worth a Division] Rzeczpospolita, July 10, 2009, accessed online http://www.rp.pl/artykul/332305-Agent-o-sile-dywizji.html#ap-1
Miltiades Varvounis, "Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz. James Bond II wojny światowej," [Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz: The James Bond of World War II] www.polonorama.com Dec. 14, 2012, accessed online http://www.polonorama.com/index.php/kultura-i-sztuka/wybitni-polacy/1253-jerzy-iwanow-szajnowicz-1911-43-james-bond-ii-wojny-wiatowej
Miltiades Varvounis, "Gabriela Milonopoulou, towarzyszka Iwanowa-Szajnowicza," [Interview with Gabriela Milonopoulou, Comrade of Iwanow-Szjanowicz] www.polonorama.com Jan. 3, 2013, accessed at http://www.polonorama.com/index.php/aktualnoci/wywiady/1289-gabriela-milonopoulou-towarzyszka-iwanowa-szajnowicza
Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz Timeline
14 Dec 1911 Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz was born in Warsaw, Poland.
18 Dec 1941 Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz was betrayed by an associate and arrested by the Gestapo in Greece.
13 Mar 1942 After sundown and into the next date, Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz swam across a Greek harbor to the German submarine U-133 and placed explosives on the ship which was preparing to leave on a combat mission. U-133 destroyed on 14 Mar 1942, killing 45 crew members.
4 Jan 1943 Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz was executed by a Nazi firing squad near Athens, Greece.
More on Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz
Hiryu maneuvering to avoid three sticks of bombs dropped by B-17 bombers, off Midway Atoll, shortly after 0800 hours, 4 Jun 1942, photo 2 of 2
"I have returned. By the grace of Almighty God, our forces stand again on Philippine soil."
General Douglas MacArthur at Leyte, 17 Oct 1944
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Blocher and Miller compile comprehensive historical gun law database
April 4, 2018Duke Law News
Professors Joseph Blocher and Darrell Miller have spearheaded the creation of a comprehensive database of historic gun laws for use as a research tool for scholars, litigators, journalists, and others interested in current debates surrounding firearms regulation and the Second Amendment.
The searchable Repository of Historical Gun Laws compiles English statutes from the Middle Ages through 1776 and those in the United States from the Colonial era to the middle of the 20th century. To date, it includes 1,514 regulations, searchable by subject area, date range, and jurisdiction.
For Blocher and Miller, constitutional scholars who focus on the Second Amendment, the centrality of history to the Supreme Court’s foundational rulings in District of Columbia v. Heller and McDonald v. City of Chicago clarified the need for easily accessible information on historical gun regulation. In its 2008 Heller decision, the Court held that the Second Amendment protects an individual’s right to possess firearms for self-defense, not just for militia service. The Court subsequently held, in McDonald, that the right applies to the states as well as the federal government.
Prof. Darrell Miller
Both opinions relied heavily on history to understand the scope of the right to bear arms, said Miller, the Melvin G. Shimm Professor of Law. “In fact, Justice Scalia says in the Heller opinion that you understand the contours of the Second Amendment by reference to regulations that are longstanding.”
Writing for the Heller majority, the late Justice Antonin Scalia rooted weapons regulation in English common law, reviewing the use of loyal militias by Stuart monarchs Charles II and James II, the laws they passed in order to disarm Protestant political opponents, and the subsequent Declaration of Rights, which protected Protestants’ right to keep weapons for self-defense. He also found relevance in the Glorious Revolution of 1688, King George III’s attempts to disarm unruly colonists prior to the American Revolution, and attempts by Southern whites to similarly disarm former slaves.
Beyond landmark cases and laws, said Miller, there had never been a “deep dive” in the legal academy to catalogue historical sources. “Part of our goal is to correct the misconception that gun regulation is this brand new phenomenon, that the contemporary gun-control movement is some kind of aberration, and that historically we have not regulated guns,” Blocher said. “We have logged 1,500 examples, which are only a subset, of the different ways guns have been regulated in the United States. Any legal or scholarly analysis of the Second Amendment has to take into account this history of gun regulation.”
“A service to the public”
Blocher and Miller’s project grew out of research by Saul Cornell, the Paul and Diane Guenther Chair in American History at Fordham University, and Mark Frassetto, who is now senior counsel at the nonprofit Everytown for Gun Safety. Blocher’s 2013 Yale Law Journal article, “Firearm Localism,” which focused on the historical difference between gun regulation in urban and rural areas, was inspired by a collection of regulations Frassetto compiled with the help of Cornell and others.
Prof. Joseph Blocher
“That historical difference is something that just stood out as I was reading through these laws out of interest,” said Blocher. “I couldn’t have spotted that had it not been for having them together in a central place.”
Cornell said he spotted a similar pattern over the time — more than 10 years — he has been compiling examples of historical gun laws.
“There seems to have been a lot more regional and state variation on this issue than we’re used to when we think about constitutional law,” he said. “We think about uniformity and values that cut across conventional political boundaries, but with guns, in part because of slavery’s impact, we’ve worked out a much different meaning of the right to bear arms. America had very different experiences and regulatory regimes from an early point, and that seems likely to continue. California and Montana will never have the same gun regimes.”
Blocher and Miller, assisted by a team of Duke Law students, research librarians, and IT specialists, worked to ensure that the repository is as comprehensive as possible, and that every effort had been made to verify the laws it includes.
“This is a service to the public, so it is important to improve the historical quality of the debate,” Cornell said. “It should be housed in a place where academic rules govern. Duke Law, with these two professors overseeing it and with a tradition of constitutional historicists such as Jeff Powell and strong faculty in the Sanford School of Public Policy who are researching the issue, seemed like the perfect place.”
A practical resource
Blocher and Miller are using the database as they research a book on Second Amendment theory, which is forthcoming from Cambridge University Press. Their work relies in part on historical evidence that informs and, sometimes, contradicts, elements of the current cultural debate around gun regulations and rights.
“Many people think of the gun-free school zones act as an innovation of the 1990s,” Miller said. “But there are 19th-century, early 20th-century regulations about not allowing guns in places where people go for educational reasons. So it shows that some of our notions about the history of gun regulations are misconceived.” Their research also indicates that gun laws also change over time, he added.
“Georgia, as a colony, had a requirement that males had to take their guns to church. Then that was overwritten by an enactment that said, ‘Don’t take your guns to church.’ Now we’ve come full circle: Georgia wants people to be able to take their guns to church.”
Miller served as a special editor of a recent issue of Law and Contemporary Problems which, along with a conference built around the issue’s focus — “The Second Generation of Second Amendment Law & Policy” — featured scholarship based on the repository.
“This had a great focus on getting empirical,” said Cornell, who contributed an article titled “The Right to Keep and Carry Arms in Anglo-American Law: Preserving Liberty and Keeping the Peace.” “We already have a sense from that issue that there is a long history of robust regulation that has never been seen as incompatible with the right to bear arms.”
Blocher anticipates the repository will be useful to attorneys involved in Second Amendment litigation going forward.
“It’s hard for lawyers under time pressure to file briefs, who don’t have time to go back and do original primary source research on the history of public carry restrictions or the like,” he said. “They can’t identify the databases, they don’t have the time or resources to dig through them, so what we tried to do in the repository is make it easily searchable by topic, location, and time period.”
Hoping to continually add to the database, Miller and Blocher invite contributions that can stand up to a standardized verification process. As an example, Blocher recalled researching gun laws in Dodge City, Kansas, for an article.
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Tag Archives: culture and art in japan
Japanese art and Bunjinga (Nanga): the influence of China and Korea in the Edo period
The Bunjinga school of thought ran deep within the literati of Japan during the Edo period. Bunjin (literati) artists trace their artistic roots to the literati of China during the Song Dynasty (960-1267). However, the differences between the Japanese literati and Chinese literati, is notable because of the opposite side of the coin applying. Also, the isolationist policies of Japan in the Edo period meant that bunjin artists didn’t have the complete picture of the cultural reality of the Song Dynasty.
Bunjinga is also called Nanga and on the British Museum website it states that “The Japanese Bunjinga school of literati ‘scholar-amateur’ artists flourished in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It is also known as Nanga (‘Southern painting’). The school was based on the literati movement that developed in China over a long period of time as a reaction against the formal academic painting of the Northern Song dynasty (960-1126). Rather than technical proficiency, literati artists cultivated a lack of affectation in an attempt to tune in to the rhythms of nature. In Japan, this was only partially understood: many Japanese bunjin were simply trying to escape the restrictions of the academic Kanō and Tosa schools while imitating Chinese culture. At first, the only models available were woodblock-printed manuals such as the Kaishien gaden (‘Mustard Seed Garden’) and a few imported Chinese paintings. Some Chinese monks of the ōbaku Zen sect taught painting in Nagasaki. Unlike their Chinese counterparts, the Japanese bunjin were not necessarily carefree artists and scholars from wealthy, bureaucratic backgrounds, and many had to sell their work to make a living.”
The political reality of the Edo period meant that Japanese artists were forbidden to travel to China. This policy was called sakoku (locked country) and clearly this prevented the real study of the Song Dynasty. Therefore, the free movement of people leaving or entering Japan was enforced strictly and only limited “windows” were open.
Given this, the real terminology should be kaikin (maritime prohibitions) but from the point of view of bunjingaartists, then clearly sakoku created major restrictions in their pursuit of knowledge and reality. Japan wasn’t fully isolated because cultural meeting points happened with the people of Ryuku (Okinawa) and the Ainu. Also, Nagasaki, and a few other places, enabled outside cultural interactions despite the severe limitations on “real interaction” based on the freedom of movement.
Bunjinga artists therefore resided in a world where restrictions were put in place and clearly even in the modern world certain nations are still hostile to outside influences which threaten the status quo. For example, in modern day Saudi Arabia all converts from Islam face death, just like all converts to Christianity faced death during the Edo period. Meanwhile, in North Korea this nation wants to maintain severe restrictions on the outside world based on political motives. In both Saudi Arabia and North Korea many windows are open in the field of trade. However, despite the huge differences of these two nations, you do see aspects of sakokudespite major cultural, political, religious, and other differences in these societies.
Therefore, the world of bunjinga artists in this period of history had severe restrictions to overcome. However, unlike ukiyo-e artists who focused on many aspects of Japanese culture, mythology, history, the spirit world, and so forth; for bunjinga artists their problems were different because of their admiration of Chinese culture. This meant that ukiyo-e artists could connect with the world they knew but for bunjinga artists much of their literati world was clouded by the restrictions of obtaining real knowledge of the world they wanted to portray.
Famous artists who followed the bunjinga school of thought applies to Gion Nankai, Sakaki Hyakusen, Yanagisawa Kien, Okada Beisanjin, Kameda Bosai, Hanabusa Itcho, Ike no Taiga, Watanabe Kazan, Tomioka Tessai, Yosa Buson, Uragami Gyokudo, Tani Buncho, Takahashi Sohei, Okada Hanko, Ki Baitei , Matsumura Goshun, Yokoi Kinkoku (1761-1832), Yamamoto Baiitsu, Nukina Kaioku, Takahashi Sohei, Nakabayashi Chikuto, and many others.
In an earlier article by Modern Tokyo Times it was stated that “This school of thought flourished in the late Edo period and highlights the power of traditional Chinese culture in Japan despite the ongoing isolation of this nation. The bunjinga, the literati according to their mode of thinking, all had one binding feature and this applies to their deep admiration of traditional Chinese culture. This enabled their individuality to be linked together within the ideas and art work of bunjinga concepts.”
The Philadelphia Museum of Art comments that “The mid-eighteenth century in Japan was a time of political and social stability and economic prosperity. The Tokugawa family of military rulers (shogun) was firmly ensconced in the new eastern capital of Edo as the de facto political power, while the emperor reigned as spiritual and cultural sovereign in the ancient imperial capital of Kyoto in western Japan. Regional schools were established to spread the Chinese studies that the central government espoused along with the Confucian-based political system. The study of fields such as Chinese literature, music, and medicine became specializations among the educated elite of the newly rich merchant class as well.”
Therefore, while the Edo period is famous for being isolationist it is abundantly clear that the Tokugawa ruling elites spread the power of Chinese studies. This makes sense given the fact that the political system was Confucian based.
Influence of Korea
The role of Korea in this art movement is often neglected despite cultural interaction and influence which went in both directions. On the Princeton University Press website it is stated (based on the book by Burglind Jungmann) that “It is well known that Japanese literati painting of the eighteenth century was inspired by Chinese styles that found their way to Japan through trade relations. However, because Japanese and American art historians have focused on Japanese-Chinese ties, the fact that Japan also maintained important diplomatic–and aesthetic–relations with Korea during the same period has long been neglected. This richly illustrated, cogently argued book examines the role of Korean embassies in shaping the new Japanese literati style, known as Nanga in Japan.”
“Burglind Jungmann describes the eighteenth-century Korean-Japanese diplomatic exchange and the circumstances under which Korean and Japanese painters met. Since diplomatic relations were conducted on both sides by scholars with a classical Chinese education, Korean envoys and their Japanese hosts shared a deep interest in Chinese philosophy, literature, calligraphy, and painting. Texts, such as Ike Taiga’s letter to Kim Yusöng and Gion Nankai’s poem for Yi Hyön, and accounts by Korean and Japanese diplomats, give a vivid picture of the interaction between Korean and Japanese painters and envoys. Further, the paintings done by Korean painters during their sojourns in Japan attest to the transmission of a distinctly Korean literati style, called Namjonghwa. By comparing Korean, Japanese, and Chinese paintings, the author shows how the Korean interpretation of Chinese styles influenced Japanese literati painters and helped inspire the creation of their new style.”
The book by Burglind Jungmann called Painters as Envoys: Korean Inspiration in Eighteenth-Century Japanese Nanga is very intriguing because the Korean angle is neglected too much. However, cultural interaction within the richness of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese culture, went in all directions. Therefore, irrespective of the alterations which developed because of different cultural concepts within each different society – and within regions of all societies which had different energies and thought patterns – the Korean dimension is a reality and needs to be studied and highlighted more.
Timon Screech (School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London) comments that “This is an important book that will be useful to scholars and students alike. In elegant prose and with excellent scholarship, Burglind Jungmann proposes that Korean amateur painting had a large impact in Japan. This point has never been so closely argued before, in any language. The author has been diligent in finding little-known works in many collections around the world to support her claims. This is the first book on the subject, but it is much more than an introductory work.”
The bunjinga movement is interesting within the context of sakoku (locked country) because it opens up many intriguing questions. Also, the Korean dimension further hints at deep cultural interactions despite policies by the Tokugawa ruling elites.
Therefore, the bunjinga art movement is an area of great richness when it comes to art, thought patterns, cultural interaction, and understanding aspects of Japanese culture during the Edo period. Famous bunjingaartists have also left a rich legacy because of the art they left behind. This article is meant to intrigue people to delve into the many amazing artists who belonged to the bunjinga school of thought and then to focus on the shared civilization of Northeast Asia, despite the unique richness of all societies involved.
http://www.philamuseum.org/exhibitions/108.html?page=3
http://press.princeton.edu/titles/7743.html
Posted by leejayuk on March 23, 2012 in ASIA, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND GLOBAL NEWS, Japan
Tags: bunjin art in japan, bunjinga art movement, Burglind Jungmann and bunjinga movement, Burglind Jungmann and influence of Korea, Burglind Jungmann and nanga art, china song dynasty and bunjinga art in japan, chinese art influence on japan, culture and art in japan, edo art in japan, Gion Nankai, Hanabusa Itcho, Ike No Taiga, Ike No Taiga and bunjin, Japanese art and Bunjinga (Nanga, japanese art and culture, japanese literati in Edo period, kaikin and sakoku, Kameda Bosai, Ki Baitei, korean art influence on japan, Matsumura Goshun, Nakabayashi Chikuto, nanga art in japan, Nanga artitsts, Nukina Kaioku, Okada Beisanjin, Okada Hanko, Painters as Envoys: Korean Inspiration in Eighteenth-Century Japanese Nanga, Sakaki Hyakusen, Song Dynasty and bunjinga art, stunning bunjinga art, stunning nanga art, Takahashi Sohei, Tani Buncho, The Philadelphia Museum of Art, Tomioka Tessai, Uragami Gyokudo, Watanabe Kazan, Yamamoto Baiitsu, yanagisawa kien, Yokoi Kinkoku (1761-1832), Yosa Buson
Isoda Koryusai: man of mystery in the ukiyo-e art world
Isoda Koryusai is a man of mystery even today because much remains up in the air about important aspects of his life. Koryusai was born in 1735 and died in 1790 and he was active during the 1760s and until a few years before his death. However, major aspects remain debatable but despite this he was a fine artist who graced ukiyo-e and Japanese art.
Unlike the vast majority of ukiyo-e artists Koryusai was born into an elite samurai family and he was one of only a few who entered the ukiyo-e art world from such a lofty background. This meant that he saw aspects of Japanese society and culture from a different way to the majority of ukiyo-e artists.
Koryusai understood the importance of stratification and Confucian thinking because his early life was based on conformity and not upsetting the applecart. However, either he turned to the art “within him” or he was forced to enter the world of ukiyo-e because of financial factors. Sadly, this area is disputed by many scholars of ukiyo-e and much is open to interpretation.
Therefore, some scholars claim that he became a ronin and because of this he took to art in order to survive financially. Others, however, claim that he voluntary entered the art world and gave up being a samurai because art was embedded in his soul. This area is very important because in order to feel the passion and soul of Koryusai a great deal relies on this.
Of course, nothing can take anything away from the art of Koryusai irrespective of the real reasons behind changing his lifestyle. However, the vagueness of knowledge means that it is difficult to get close to the “real” Koryusai.
On the website Artelino (http://www.artelino.com) it gives a lot of information about Koryusai and Dan McKee comments about the background and influence of this overlooked artist. This applies to the background and influence behind Koryusai and if he was a pupil of Harunobu Suzuki.
Dan McKee comments that “There is no certain evidence to prove this fact, but it is often assumed that Koryusai began his printmaking work as a pupil of Harunobu Suzuki, whose style can indeed be seen in Koryusai’s early work, though also in the work of some other print artists (Shunsho, Shiba Kokan) whose connection to Harunobu seems even less direct. The same can be said for Koryusai’s early signature, Haruhiro, under which he designed his first prints at around the time of Harunobu’s demise (1769-1770), for use of the “haru” prefix may imply only an effort to appear in the Harunobu line, rather than an actual master-disciple relationship (ala Harushige).”
“Similarly, the inscription on one 1770 print, claiming it to be a design by Harunobu, for which Koryusai was asked to add color, could as easily represent an attempt to place Koryusai as the direct descendant of Harunobu for commercial reasons, to fill the void left by the death of the first nishiki-e master. It is notable that Koryusai states in this inscription that he “does not know Harunobu’s way but have finished the print with his [Koryusai’s] own brushwork.”
Robyn Buntin (http://www.robynbuntin.com) on the other hand comments that “Though possibly a pupil of Shigenaga, Koryusai was influenced most by his friend Harunobu whose style can be seen in Koryusai’s early work. His most original work, in which he excelled, was in pillar prints, bird-and-flower prints, and shunga.”
Jack Hillier concludes that “There is always, especially among collectors, a tendency to make comparison between artist and artist, and with Koryusai it is perhaps a case of we look before and after and pine for what is not.”
Koryusai remains a man of mystery but he produced stunning art and gave much to the ukiyo-e art world. Therefore, it is best to let the man of mystery remain to be this, rather than creating or trying to formulate conclusions which are incorrect.
Another mystery about Koryusai is why his art appears to be overlooked and the same applies to the individuality of his work. After all, he did produce art which carried his own individual style and the spectrum he focused on was very intriguing.
The final years of his life appear to be based on focusing on his roots because many designs had Chinese connotations and based on typical pillars of samurai elites. Therefore, the foundation laid down in Koryusai’s early life remained deeply within his soul.
http://www.artelino.com/articles/isoda-koryusai.asp
http://www.robynbuntin.com/ukiyo-e/MorebyArtist.asp?ArtistID=353
Tags: art and culture in japan, artelino and ukiyo-e, classic ukiyo-e and koryusai, culture and art in japan, Dan McKee and ukiyo-e, http://moderntokyotimes.com, isoda koryusai and ukiyo-e, Jack Hillier and ukiyo-e, japanese art, japanese art and koryusai, koryusai and japanese art, koryusai and man of mystery, koryusai and the samurai artist, koryusai and ukiyo-e, lee jay walker and japanese art, lee jay walker and ukiyo-e, Robyn Buntin (http://www.robynbuntin.com), stunning japanese art, ukiyo-e and culture in japan
Utagawa Kuniyoshi and Japanese art: Images of tranquility and landscapes
Utagawa Kuniyoshi depicted many images and covered various different subject matters. Therefore, the art of this stylish ukiyo-e artist in this article provides only a glimpse into the real Kuniyoshi.
Kuniyoshi was born in 1797 and died in 1861 and throughout this period many developments erupted in Japan. This applies to traditional rule in the earlier part of his life to rapid changes from the middle of the 1850s and onwards until the Meiji Restoration of 1868.
Ando Hiroshige and Katsushika Hokusai are the most famous ukiyo-e artists internationally but Kuniyoshi was also a crème de la crème artist along with many others. Also, the broad spectrum of many ukiyo-e artists is truly amazing and this also applies to the art of Kuniyoshi. Therefore, the art work of this wonderful artist is complex and depends on various different circumstances.
This article focuses only on the tranquil nature of his art and elegant landscapes which appealed to many Japanese people. However, it would be wrong to believe that these lovely landscapes and scenes of serenity provide the real Kuniyoshi because this would be false.
Despite this, for people who know the art work of Kuniyoshi the opposite could be said because all too often this angle of his artwork is neglected. Yet clearly Kuniyoshi’s landscape images match that of any ukiyo-e artist irrespective of people’s own preferred artist.
The Edo Period was succumbing to outside forces during the lifetime of Kuniyoshi and this must have infringed heavily on this stylish artist. However, when one door closes another opens up and this certainly applied to the later stages of his life. Therefore, new techniques, different thinking, growing outside influences, evolution within the Japanese art world, and others factors, impacted greatly on Kuniyoshi.
Images in this article by Kuniyoshi are a reminder of a world which was mainly un-spoilt before the economic, social, and political revolution which took hold in Japan and culminated with the Meiji Restoration of 1868.
In an earlier article I commented that “Kuniyoshi and other famous ukiyo-e artists also take you back to a different Japan in all its confusion. Therefore, Kuniyoshi designed prints which covered a vast spectrum and this applies to landscapes, women, kabuki, humor, nature, satire, shunga, cats, surimono and other areas.”
“It is apparent that Hokusai (1760-1849) had much more political and sexual freedom and this notably applies to Hokusai’s shunga which is very powerful and erotic. However, the Tenpo reforms of the early 1840s introduced measures which banned prints of erotic women and actors who belonged to the kabuki scene. This meant that Kuniyoshi had to focus more on warriors and legends but his historical depictions were under close scrutiny. Therefore the popular satire of shogun Tokugawa Ieyoshi and other prints led to an official reprimand and many prints were confiscated and destroyed.”
Kuniyoshi also opened up the past and this applies to the depiction of historical figures in Japanese history, brave samurai warriors, events in Japanese history, famous legends and other related areas which nurtured each new generation.
Famous art pieces produced by Kuniyoshi include The 108 Heroes of the Popular Suikoden All Told, At The Shore of the Sumida River, Mt. Fuji from Sumida and Pilgrims in the Waterfall. Of course you have many other famous collections and art pieces by Kuniyoshi and preferences will vary with each individual.
Pilgrims in the Waterfall is extremely beautiful because it shows and highlights important aspects of Japanese culture when it applies to religion and nature coming together. This notably applies to Shintoism which is “the real heart of Japan” despite the influence of Buddhism within the Japanese psyche. Also, in this stunning art piece it is abundantly clear that space is very important and this applies to religion, Japanese gardens, meditation and other aspects of Japanese culture.
The serenity which can be felt by the Pilgrims in the Waterfall connects humanity, nature and religion together. Therefore, Kuniyoshi is highlighting a powerful reality which belonged to his world.
Kuniyoshi’s ukiyo-e is very varied and images in this article are limited to landscapes and internal tranquility in Japan.
http://www.kuniyoshiproject.com/ – Fantastic website and just click onto the section you are interested in.
Tags: ando hiroshige and japanese art, art in japan, art in japan and kuniyoshi, art in japan and ukiyo-e, art of the edo period, artists of edo, buddhism and japanese culture, culture and art in japan, edo period and art, famous ukiyo-e artists, high culture in japan, hokusai and japanese art, hokusai influenced kuniyoshi, japanese culture, japanese tourism, katsukawa shuntei, kuniyoshi and art in japan, kuniyoshi and japanese art, kuniyoshi and landscapes, kuniyoshi and many art forms, lee jay walker and japanese art, legacy of japanese art, modern tokyo times, Mt. Fuji from Sumida, Pilgrims in the Waterfall, shinto and japanese culture, shintoism, shunga and erotic art, shuntei influenced kuniyoshi, The 108 Heroes of the Popular Suikoden All Told, tranquil art by kuniyoshi, ukiyo-e artists, Utagawa Kuniyoshi
Japan Ukiyo-e Museum in Matsumoto: richness of art and culture
Ukiyo-e expresses the richness of Japanese culture, nature, history, mythology, theatre, stunning landscapes, and highlights the importance of entertainment and other areas. Also, ukiyo-e shows vivid images of sexuality and some shunga is extremely explicit even by the standards of today in liberal nations. This reality is what makes ukiyo-e so powerful because it relates to both reality and a world of mythology and ghosts.
Hiroshige
Ukiyo-e therefore covers a very broad spectrum and many famous international artists like Vincent van Gogh, Manet, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Degas, Renoir, Paul Gaugin, Monet, Félix Bracquemond, Mary Cassatt, and others, were admirers of ukiyo-e.
Chikanobu
The Japan Ukiyo-e Museum website comments that “The average citizen’s mood of Edo period (1603-1867) was an extremely buoyant and joyful one –not the transitory, heavy atmosphere characteristic of the troubled middle age. The word “ukiyo-e” means “the picture of buoyant world” and incorporates in its meaning the common man’s daily pleasures, such as Kabuki plays, Geisha houses, and so on. The forerunner of Edo period prints was simple drawings that gradually developed into a wood-block, thus satisfying the growth of the demand.”
Kunichika
Obviously the Edo period had darkness within the myths and this applies to the killing of all Christians and brutal methods were used against criminals. Also, stratification and other factors meant that the Edo period also had major negatives and art can often be used to over-simplify reality. This applies to art all over the world which may neglect serious issues and the marginalized or which may be constrained by cultural and political factors of the day.
Ogata Gekko
However, ukiyo-e does provide major glimpses into the Edo period and the changing Japan which began after the Meiji Restoration of 1868. More important, ukiyo-e connected with people from all social backgrounds and elitist aspects of Western art appears to be unimportant.
Yoshitoshi
The Japanese Ukiyo-e Museum in Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, is located in a stunning part of Japan and the mountain scenery of Nagano Prefecture is a wonder to behold. Therefore, if you love art and Japanese culture this museum is a must place to visit because the ukiyo-e collection is enormous and you will be spoilt for choice.
Irrespective if you are a citizen who resides in Japan or an international tourist who is visiting Japan; the Japan Ukiyo-e Museum is a genuine treasure. Matsumoto itself is a very nice city and Matsumoto Castle is very beautiful. The surrounding area is also blessed with amazing nature and beautiful mountain ranges and this will further add to your visit to the Japan Ukiyo-e Museum in Matsumoto.
http://www.ukiyo-e.co.jp/jum-e/index.html
The Japan Ukiyo-e Museum: 2206-1, Shimadachi, Matsumoto, 390-0852, JAPAN.
Open: 10:00 a.m.—5:00 p.m.
Closed on Monday
http://welcome.city.matsumoto.nagano.jp/contents03+index.id+7.htm
http://welcome.city.matsumoto.nagano.jp/
Posted by leejayuk on August 14, 2011 in Japan
Tags: art in japan, art in matsumoto, art in tokyo, chikanobu and japanese art, chikanobu and ukiyo-e, culture and art in japan, Degas, Félix Bracquemond, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, hiroshige and japanese art, hiroshige and ukiyo-e, hokusai and ukiyo-e, http://moderntokyotimes.com, http://welcome.city.matsumoto.nagano.jp/, http://www.ukiyo-e.co.jp/jum-e/index.html, Japan Ukiyo-e Museum in Matsumoto, japanese art, japanese art and culture, kunichika and japanese art, kunichika and ukiyo-e, lee jay walker and ukiyo-e, Manet, Mary Cassatt, matsumoto and tourism, Monet, ogata gekko and ukiyo-e, Paul Gaugin, Renoir, ukiyo-e and japanese art, ukiyo-e and tokyo art, Vincent van Gogh, visit Japan Ukiyo-e Museum in Matsumoto, yoshitoshi and japanese art, yoshitoshi and ukiyo-e
Hokusai and Hakone: Ukiyo-e and stunning scenery
Katsushika Hokusai was a sublime Japanese artist, ukiyo-e painter and printmaker and his art had many faces and styles. However, when you think about the stunning nature of Hakone then the refined art of Hokusai springs to mind.
Alternatively, if you close your eyes and think about Hokusai’s shunga then you can enter seedy areas of Tokyo and images of Kabukicho come to mind. Obviously both images may be an illusion but Hokusai’s art does have many sides and similar ukiyo-e artists went down the same path.
Hokusai clearly loved the view of Mount Fuji and visiting stunning places of natural beauty and both factors certainly apply to Hakone. After all, Hakone rests within the Fuji Hakone Izu National Park and in certain parts of Hakone you can witness sublime views of Mount Fuji. Therefore, the entire region would inspire any exquisite artist to create picturesque scenes and clearly Hokusai fits the bill perfectly because he loved to express his passion for stunning views of nature.
The Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji and The Great Wave off Kanagawa are pure masterpieces in different ways. Therefore, it is clear that Kanagawa is a potent region for spectacular scenery and a magnet for any artist who loves majestic views. Also, the size of the area means that views change quickly but remain to be a wonder to behold because of the natural beauty of the Fuji Hakone Izu National Park.
International tourists and Japanese tourists head to Hakone because of the richness of the area which provides unbelievable backdrops amidst the mountain range and abundance of nature. Not only this, Hakone is blessed with a plethora of places to visit and you can appreciate the richness of Japanese culture by visiting one of the many museums which are dotted around the main tourist areas.
It is easy to imagine Hokusai, Ando Hiroshige and a host of other famous ukiyo-e artists wandering around the Hakone region during their brief time on this earth. However, despite the briefness of life Hokusai, Hiroshige, and other artists, have clearly left a strong and powerful legacy.
In this sense, these famous artists have fused aspects of their life within the beautiful mountain ranges and landscapes of Kanagawa. Therefore, the immortality of Mount Fuji is enjoined by the “immortality of art” by artists like Hokusai and Hiroshige who have inspired so many people and provided glimpses into the real Japan.
On a windless night you can imagine artists in the sweltering heat of summer and in the stillness of winter you can feel the changing temperature and how their feelings will have infringed on their art.
The spirit world exists to some people but for others you have nothing but the ending of all life and only memories of others and the legacy of a rare few last more than one single lifetime. Either way, you can feel that Hokusai and Hiroshige, and other sublime ukiyo-e artists, are still alive because of the powerful images they left behind and while the first love often fades into dust the beauty of art remains.
Hakone is not just a tourist destination it is about “your Hakone” and this applies to escaping the mundaneness of life or stresses of life which often eats away at people. Obviously, for some tourists they may prefer to follow the usual routes taken by many and this applies to the main tourist attractions and plethora of places to visit.
However, for others a walk or hiking is their preference and for others they will want to find solitude. Alternatively, the hot springs attract many individuals and some people desire to refresh themselves by enjoying the soothing reality of hot springs and if lucky enough you can find a special hot spring surrounded by stunning nature.
Hokusai had desired more time on this earth in order to express the stunning reality of nature and his art was like the most delicious wine because he continued to mature throughout his entire life.
The Great Wave off Kanagawa shows the potent power of nature and just like the frailty of life the chaotic reality of life infringed on Hokusai. This applies to the devastating fire which destroyed Hokusai’s studio and much of his lifelong work was destroyed in a single moment of chaos.
Luckily for humanity not all was destroyed and obviously many art pieces will have been bought before this tragic fire but much was lost. Therefore, the frailty and chaotic nature of life which had taken away people who were dear to Hokusai now ravaged is “very being” and this must have impacted on his thinking.
At the ripe old age of 87 Hokusai had completed the Ducks in a Stream and he yearned for more time on this earth. Yet only God is mortal or the imagination which believes in God or gods creates this mortality irrespective if it is a reality or an illusion.
However, the symbolism of Mount Fuji and its impact on Japan means that a special spirit or energy exists within this mountain. In a sense, Mount Fuji is immortal and Hokusai, Hiroshige, and others, entered the immortality of the mind of others by their stunning art work.
Therefore, while each generation will turn to dust certain factors will remain because all cultures hand something down and preserve the best of humanity. This certainly applies to Hokusai who not only left a rich legacy for the Japanese people but he left a rich legacy for the best of international humanity.
Hokusai showed glimpses of the beauty of this world through aspects of his work while shunga focused on the lustiness of humanity or the reality of sexuality, depending on your thinking.
On his deathbed Hokusai uttered “If only Heaven will give me just another ten years…Just another five more years, then I could become a real painter.”
In reality it would matter not, another five years or ten years because Hokusai had already left a rich legacy and the chaotic nature of life could not guarantee a fruitful extra five or ten years. Therefore, the last moments of Hokusai’s life was tinged with the hope of more time but sooner or later God is going to knock on your door and what was, is no longer.
In 1849 Hokusai died but Nichiren Buddhism, Mount Fuji and the stunning and mystical mountains of Japan had served him well. All these factors, and others, made him what he became and after death his candle did not burn out because the brightness he left still flickers strongly and will continue to do so.
This life is not mortal but images like The Great Wave off Kanagawa and other work by Hokusai means that his art is immortal.
Language restricts humanity because of the plethora of languages but art at its best can defeat this because images can be viewed irrespective of the constraints of language.
Therefore, a visit to Hakone is a real treat for people who reside in Tokyo or for tourists visiting Tokyo. After all, Hakone only takes 90 minutes from Shinjuku by the Odakyu Limited Express “Romancecar.”
In a different article about Hakone I state that “The “Romancecar” is a great way to travel because you can relax in comfort and you have a drinks and food service which caters for your needs. Also, the Hakone Free-pass is a must because it provides great value and you can use it for 7 types of different transport.”
“This applies to the Hakone Ropeway, Hakone Tozan Line, and other forms of transport. Therefore, you can hop on and off different forms of transport and the scenic views from the Hakone Ropeway and Hakone Tozan Line is stunning; the different forms-of-transport also adds to your holiday because the quaint train journey is pleasurable by itself.”
“Hakone is home to famous spas and is located in a large historical zone and when you include this to the stunning nature of the Fuji Hakone Izu National Park and cultural attractions on offer; then it is clear to see why Hakone is so popular.”
The art legacy of people like Hokusai is another major attraction and while Hokusai’s time on this earth was between 1760 and 1849; you can feel close to him in places like Hakone because of the connection of his artwork with the stunning reality of Hakone.
If you want to fuse a sublime holiday based on art, history, and stunning scenery then Hakone is the place to visit. The main museums apply to the Narukawa Art Museum for modern Japanese paintings; the Hakone Open Air Museum; the Pola Museum of Art; Venetian Glass Museum; Suzuhiro Corp. Kamaboko Museum; Local History Museum; Museum of Saint Exupery and the Little Pince in Hakone; Hakone Old Takaido Road Museum; Hakone Mononofu-no-Sato Art Museum; Hakone Art Museum; Honma Yosegi Museum; and Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History.
Other places to visit include the volcanically active Owakudani geysers, Hakone Botanical Garden of Wetlands, Hakone-jinja shrine and Treasure Museum, Odawara Castle Donjon, and many stunning parks and gardens can be found throughout Hakone.
The Fuji Hakone Izu National Park and surrounding area is a tourist paradise and given the comfort provided by the Odakyu train company which offers a fantastic service via the special Hakone pass; then you can enjoy quality time and make the most of what Hakone provides and at the same time you can travel easily because of services provided by the Odakyu train company.
Overall, Hakone is a magical place and Hokusai, Hiroshige, and other famous ukiyo-e artists, may have turned to dust a long time ago but their energy and passion is alive by the legacy of their respective artwork.
In Hakone and the surrounding region you can get close to their world because of the connection with the images that they left behind.
http://www.asia.si.edu/exhibitions/online/hokusai/launch.htm (Hokusai)
http://www.hokusai-kan.com/treasure01.htm
http://www.odakyu.jp/english/qtours/hakone_course2.html
http://www.odakyu.jp/english/freepass/hakone_01.html
http://www.hakone.or.jp/english/index.html
http://www.odakyu.jp/english/rc/index.html
Posted by leejayuk on July 20, 2011 in Japan
Tags: ando hiroshige, culture and art in japan, culture in japan, hakone, hakone and odakyu, hakone is beautiful, hakone is stunning, Hokusai, hokusai and great wave off kanagawa, hokusai and japanese art, hokusai and thirty-six views of mount fuji, international tourism, japan and tourist places to visit, japanese art, kanagawa and tourism, modern tokyo times, mount fuji, odakyu and hakone, odakyu and tourism, odakyu train company, odakyu train pass, PLACES TO VISIT IN JAPAN, potent power of Great Wave of Kanagawa, Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji, tourism, tourism in japan, tourism in kanagawa, ukiyo-e, ukiyo-e art
Utagawa Kuniyoshi: Tranquil art and natural beauty! Part One
Utagawa Kuniyoshi is amongst the crème de la crème of ukiyo-e because his art work was truly amazing and so powerful. Kuniyoshi, just like other famous Japanese artists like Ando Hiroshige and Katsushika Hokusai, was very diverse and the window of the new Japan was on its way.
This article is based on three tranquil art pieces by Kuniyoshi. However, just like life these three glimpses into Kuniyoshi and his style are misleading. Nevertheless, given the amount of art that Kuniyoshi produced then a more tranquil based article suits the introduction for lay people who only know snippets about this talented artist.
Also, human nature is complex and the outside persona and internal reality is often very different. Therefore, by providing a glimpse into the natural aspect of Kuniyoshi’s art I hope to relate this with the calm before the storm.
After all, Kuniyoshi was born in 1798 and died in 1861 and he belonged to a world of continuity during the Edo Period but when his life was nearing the end, the Edo Period was also succumbing to outside forces and internal power issues.
By showing only three art pieces of Kuniyoshi I hope to transform these three images into a different meaning. This applies to the safety of the past irrespective if our recollections of our early years are often clouded by nostalgia and a yearning of the dead souls which have become mere memories.
Kuniyoshi and other famous ukiyo-e artists also take you back to a different Japan in all its confusion. Therefore, Kuniyoshi designed prints which covered a vast spectrum and this applies to landscapes, women, kabuki, humor, nature, satire, shunga, cats, surimono and other areas.
His legacy and style especially applies to depicting historical figures, warriors, events in history and legends which helped to inspire and open-up the viewer to the past.
Kuniyoshi was influenced to some extent by Katsukawa Shuntei (1770-1820) and this applies to warrior prints that he produced and not to other areas of his artwork. However, the early period for Kuniyoshi was not easy and it wasn’t until 1827 that he made a major breakthrough. This applies to The 108 Heroes of the Popular Suikoden All Told.
The three art pieces in this article depict a natural and cultural aspect of Japan. At The Shore of the Sumida River shows the power of nature and the reality of everyday life. The only individual face that you can see is in a natural state and he looks worn out and battling against the elements and fatigue.
However, the Mt. Fuji from Sumida shows a breathtaking landscape and two people are in awe of the stunning beauty and another individual is walking blissfully alone. The image also shows you a child who is enjoying life with his mother and playing. Also, unlike the older individuals the child is in a dream world because of natural joy and the energy of childhood can be seen.
The serenity of the image and exquisite color scheme alongside the backdrop of Mount Fuji is a beautiful illustration of Kuniyoshi’s art.
Pilgrims in the Waterfall depicts the unity of faith and nature and while Buddhism was powerful in this period in Japan the indigenous faith of Shinto is “the real faith of Japan.” This applies to the power of ancestors, the spirit world, nature and humanity being in co-existence and other aspects that run through the veins of Japan’s history.
It would not really matter if the image was a pilgrimage to Buddhism or Shintoism because the natural image of nature and the power of the waterfall could only connect you with Shintoism. Therefore, despite the power of Buddhism in this period in Japan the old world survived and this applies to the world of Shintoism and the mystery of gods within nature.
These three images depict a natural Japan and show a world which was far from the political intrigues of the day. The serenity which can be felt by the Pilgrims in the Waterfall is a stunning image which connects humanity with nature but in a natural and simplistic way. Therefore, no religious building is needed and instead the pilgrimage at its heart is interwoven with the power of nature.
Similarly, Mt. Fuji from Sumida shows the stunning beauty of Japan and the scene highlights natural beauty and everyday life and thought patterns. Older individuals are in awe while the child is blissfully happy irrespective of the stunning background.
Therefore, the three images of Kuniyoshi in this article are focused on only one side of his art work but Kuniyoshi was very diverse and during the reforms of the early 1840s he did not remain placid.
Posted by leejayuk on July 4, 2011 in Japan
Tags: ando hiroshige and japanese art, art in japan, art of the edo period, artists of edo, buddhism and japanese culture, culture and art in japan, edo period and art, famous ukiyo-e artists, high culture in japan, hokusai and japanese art, hokusai influenced kuniyoshi, japanese culture, japanese tourism, katsukawa shuntei, kuniyoshi and japanese art, kuniyoshi and many art forms, legacy of japanese art, modern tokyo times, Mt. Fuji from Sumida, Pilgrims in the Waterfall, shinto and japanese culture, shintoism, shunga and erotic art, shuntei influenced kuniyoshi, The 108 Heroes of the Popular Suikoden All Told, tranquil art by kuniyoshi, ukiyo-e artists, Utagawa Kuniyoshi
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Criminal Trespass legal definition of Criminal Trespass
https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Criminal+Trespass
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Related to Criminal Trespass: Criminal Mischief
An unlawful intrusion that interferes with one's person or property.
Tort Law originated in England with the action of trespass. Initially trespass was any wrongful conduct directly causing injury or loss; in modern law trespass is an unauthorized entry upon land. A trespass gives the aggrieved party the right to bring a civil lawsuit and collect damages as compensation for the interference and for any harm suffered. Trespass is an intentional tort and, in some circumstances, can be punished as a crime.
Common-Law Form of Action
Trespass is one of the ancient Forms of Action that arose under the Common Law of England as early as the thirteenth century. It was considered a breach of the king's peace for which the wrongdoer might be summoned before the king's court to respond in a civil proceeding for the harm caused. Because the king's courts were primarily interested in land ownership disputes, the more personal action of trespass developed slowly at first.
Around the middle of the fourteenth century, the clerks of the king's courts began routinely giving out writs that permitted a plaintiff to begin a trespass action. Before that time criminal remedies for trespass were more common. The courts were primarily concerned with punishing the trespasser rather than compensating the landowner. From the beginning a defendant convicted of trespass was fined; a defendant who could not pay the fine was imprisoned. The fine in this criminal proceeding developed into an award of damages to the plaintiff. This change marked the beginning of tort action under the common law.
As trespass developed into a means of compelling the defendant to compensate the plaintiff for injury to his property interests, it took two forms: an action for trespass on real property and an action for injury to Personal Property.
In an action for trespass on land, the plaintiff could recover damages for the defendant's forcible interference with the plaintiff's possession of his land. Even the slightest entry onto the land without the plaintiff's permission gave the plaintiff the right to damages in a nominal sum.
An action for trespass to chattels was available to seek damages from anyone who had intentionally or forcibly injured personal property. The injury could include carrying off the plaintiff's property or harming it, destroying it, or keeping the plaintiff from holding or using it as she had a right to do.
Later, an additional Cause of Action was recognized for injuries that were not forcible or direct. This action was called trespass on the case or action on the case because its purpose was to protect the plaintiff's legal rights, rather than her person or land, from intentional force.
Over the years the courts recognized other forms of actions that permitted recovery for injuries that did not exactly fit the forms of trespass or trespass on the case. Eventually, writs were also issued for these various types of actions. For example, a continuing trespass was a permanent invasion of someone's rights, as when a building overhung a neighbor's land. A trespass for mesne profits was a form of action against a tenant who wrongfully took profits, such as a crop, from the property while he occupied it. A trespass to try title was a form of action to recover possession of real property from someone who was not entitled to it. This action "tried title" so that the court could order possession for the person who turned out to be the rightful owner.
These common-law forms of action had serious shortcomings. A plaintiff who could not fit her complaint exactly into one of the forms could not proceed in court, even if she obviously had been wronged. Modern law has remedied this situation by enacting rules of Civil Procedure that replace the common-law forms with more flexible ways of wording a civil complaint. The various trespass actions are still important, however, because modern property laws are largely based on them. The rights protected remain in force, and frequently even the old names are still used.
Trespass to Land
In modern law the word trespass is used most commonly to describe the intentional and wrongful invasion of another's real property. An action for trespass can be maintained by the owner or anyone else who has a lawful right to occupy the real property, such as the owner of an apartment building, a tenant, or a member of the tenant's family. The action can be maintained against anyone who interferes with the right of ownership or possession, whether the invasion is by a person or by something that a person has set in motion. For example, a hunter who enters fields where hunting is forbidden is a trespasser, and so is a company that throws rocks onto neighboring land when it is blasting.
Every unlawful entry onto another's property is trespass, even if no harm is done to the property. A person who has a right to come onto the land may become a trespasser by committing wrongful acts after entry. For example, a mail carrier has a privilege to walk up the sidewalk at a private home but is not entitled to go through the front door. A person who enters property with permission but stays after he has been told to leave also commits a trespass. Moreover, an intruder cannot defend himself in a trespass action by showing that the plaintiff did not have a completely valid legal right to the property. The reason for all of these rules is that the action of trespass exists to prevent breaches of the peace by protecting the quiet possession of real property.
In a trespass action, the plaintiff does not have to show that the defendant intended to trespass but only that she intended to do whatever caused the trespass. It is no excuse that the trespasser mistakenly believed that she was not doing wrong or that she did not understand the wrong. A child can be a trespasser, as can a person who thought that she was on her own land.
Injury to the property is not necessary for the defendant to be guilty of trespass, although the amount of damages awarded will generally reflect the extent of the harm done to the property. For example, a person could sue birdwatchers who intruded onto his land but would probably receive only nominal damages. A farmer who discovers several persons cutting down valuable hardwood trees for firewood could recover a more substantial amount in damages.
Trespassers are responsible for nearly all the consequences of their unlawful entry, including those that could not have been anticipated or are the result of nothing more wrongful than the trespass itself. For example, if a trespasser carefully lights a fire in the stove of a lake cabin and a fault in the stove causes the cabin to burn down, the trespasser can be held liable for the fire damage.
Courts have had to consider how far above and below the ground the right to possession of land extends. In United States v. Causby, 328 U.S. 256, 66 S. Ct. 1062, 90 L. Ed. 1206 (1946), the U.S. Supreme Court held the federal government liable for harm caused to a poultry business by low-altitude military flights. The Court concluded that because the airspace above land is like a public highway, ordinary airplane flights cannot commit trespass. In this case, however, the planes were flying below levels approved by federal law and regulations, so the government was held responsible. Its activity was a "taking" of private property, for which the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution requires just compensation.
It may be a trespass to tunnel or mine under another person's property, to force water or soil under the property, or to build a foundation that crosses under the boundary line. Underground encroachments are usually an exception to the rule that no harm needs to be shown in order to prove a trespass. Generally, trespass actions are permitted only where there is some damage to the surface or some interference with the owner's rights to use her property.
Trespass by One Entitled to Possession
In nearly all states, a person who forcibly enters onto land is guilty of a crime, even if that person is entitled to possession of the land. For example, a landlord who personally tries to eject a tenant creates a potentially explosive situation. To discourage such "self help," the states provide legal procedures for the rightful owner to use to recover his land. Many states do not let the illegal occupant sue the rightful owner in trespass for his forcible entry, but the occupant can sue for Assault and Battery or damage to her personal property.
Continuing Trespass
A trespass is continuing when the offending object remains on the property of the person entitled to possession. A building or fence that encroaches on a neighbor's property creates a continuing trespass, as does a tree that has fallen across a boundary line. Some courts have allowed a series of lawsuits where there is a continuing trespass, but the prevailing view is that the dispute should be settled in its entirety in one action.
The remedies can be tailored to the particular kind of harm done. A defendant might have to pay damages to repair the plaintiff's property or compensate the plaintiff for the diminished value of her property. Where a structure or object is on the plaintiff's property, the defendant may be ordered to remove it.
In some cases a defendant is not liable for trespass even though she has intruded onto another's property. Public officials, for example, do not have any special right to trespass, but a housing inspector with a Search Warrant can enter someone's building whether the owner consents or not. A police officer can pursue a criminal across private property without liability for trespass. The police officer's defense to a claim of trespass is her lawful authority to enter.
A hotel employee who enters a guest's room to perform housekeeping services is not a trespasser because it is customary to assume that guests want such services. If charged with trespass by the guest, the hotel would claim the guest consented to the employee's entry.
A landlord does not have the right to enter a tenant's apartment whenever the landlord wants. However, the landlord usually has the right to enter to make repairs. The landlord must arrange a reasonable time for the repairs, but the tenant's consent to this arrangement is either contained in the lease or is implied from the landlord's assumption of responsibility for making repairs inside the apartment.
A person is not guilty of trespass if he goes onto another's land to protect life or property during an emergency. For example, a passerby who sees someone pointing a gun at another person may cross onto the property and subdue the person with the gun. Someone at the scene of a traffic accident may go onto private property to pull a victim from one of the vehicles.
Permission to enter someone else's property can be given either by consent or by license. Consent simply means giving permission or allowing another onto the land. For example, a person who lets neighborhood children play in her yard has given consent. Consent may be implied from all the circumstances. A homeowner who calls a house painter and asks for an estimate cannot later complain that the painter trespassed by coming into her yard.
Sometimes consent to enter another's land is called a license, or legal permission. This license is not necessarily a certificate and may be in the form of a written agreement. For example, an electric company might have a license to enter private property to maintain electrical lines or to read the electric meter. The employees cannot act unreasonably when they make repairs, and they and the company are liable for any damage they cause to the property.
Duty to Trespassers
A homeowner is limited in what he can do to protect his family and property from trespassers. The homeowner cannot shoot children who keep cutting across the lawn or set traps or deadly spring-operated guns to kill anyone who trespasses on the property. Deadly Force in any manner is generally not justifiable except in Self-Defense while preventing a violent felony. Mere trespass is not a felony.
The owner or person in possession of real property can be held liable if guests are injured on the property because of the owner's Negligence. A property owner generally does not have the same duty to make the premises safe for a trespasser, however. A trespasser assumes the risk of being injured by an unguarded excavation, a fence accidentally electrified by a falling wire, or a broken stair. The occupant of real property has a duty only to refrain from intentionally injuring a trespasser on the premises.
These general rules have several exceptions, however. A property owner who knows that people frequently trespass at a particular place on his land must act affirmatively to keep them out or exercise care to prevent their injury. If the trespasser is a child, most states require an occupant of land to be more careful because a child cannot always be expected to understand and appreciate dangers. Therefore, if the property owner has a swimming pool, the law would classify this as an attractive nuisance that could be expected to cause harm to a child. The property owner must take reasonable precautions to prevent a trespassing child from harm. In this case the erection of a fence around the swimming pool would likely shield the property owner from liability if a child trespassed and drowned in the pool.
At common law a trespass was not criminal unless it was accomplished by violence or breached the peace. Some modern statutes make any unlawful entry onto another's property a crime. When the trespass involves violence or injury to a person or property, it is always considered criminal, and penalties may be increased for more serious or malicious acts. Criminal intent may have to be proved to convict under some statutes, but in some states trespass is a criminal offense regardless of the defendant's intent.
Some statutes consider a trespass criminal only if the defendant has an unlawful purpose in entering or remaining in the place where he has no right to be. The unlawful purpose may be an attempt to disrupt a government office, theft, or Arson. Statutes in some states specify that a trespass is not criminal until after a warning, either spoken or by posted signs, has been given to the trespasser. Criminal trespass is punishable by fine or imprisonment or both.
Epstein, Richard A. 2003. "Cybertrespass." University of Chicago Law Review 70 (winter).
Saba, John D., Jr. 2002. "Internet Property Rights: E-trespass." St. Mary's Law Journal 33 (winter).
Schoenberg, Tom. 2003. "Supreme Court Examines Trespassing Policy." Legal Times (May 1).
Eminent Domain; Landlord and Tenant.
n. entering another person's property without permission of the owner or his/her agent and without lawful authority (like that given to a health inspector) and causing any damage, no matter how slight. Any interference with the owner's (or a legal tenant's) use of the property is a sufficient showing of damage and is a civil wrong (tort) sufficient to form the basis for a lawsuit against the trespasser by the owner or a tenant using the property. Trespass includes erecting a fence on another's property or a roof which overhangs a neighbor's property, swinging the boom of a crane with loads of building materials over another's property, or dumping debris on another's real estate. In addition to damages, a court may grant an injunction prohibiting any further continuing, repeated or permanent trespass.
verb advance upon, breach, break in, break the law, contravene, deviate from rectitude, disobey, dissbey the law, disregard, encroach, enter unlawfully, go astray, ignore limits, in alienum fundum ingredi, infringe, intrude, invade, offend, overrun, overstep, sin, transgress, usurp, violate
Associated concepts: action of trespass, constructive tressass, continuing trespass, forcible trespass, innocent tressass, malicious trespass, technical trespass, willful and deeiberate trespass
Foreign phrases: Aedificare in tuo proprio solo non licet quod alteri noceat.It is not lawful to build upon one's own land what may injure another. Prohibetur ne quis faciat in suo quod nocere possit alieno. It is forbidden for anyone to do on his own property what may injure another's.
See also: accroach, breach, break, delinquency, disobey, disregard, encroach, encroachment, impinge, impose, infraction, infringe, infringement, intrude, intrusion, invade, invasion, lapse, misconduct, misdeed, misdoing, obtrude, omission, overstep, transgression, violate, violation, wrong
in relation to property, a tort of wrongful interference. Trespass de bonis asportatis was the earliest form and consisted in removing or damaging the goods. It is essentially a wrong against possession - it was not necessary that the defendant should have appropriated the goods. The remedy was not accordingly available where the plaintiff had voluntarily given possession of his goods to the defendant. Trespass to goods remains and consists in any wrongful interference with them, e.g. removing a car from a garage, killing an animal or, as has been held recently, wheel-clamping a motor car. The rise of negligence has caused it to be doubted whether, at least in unintentional cases, there is any need to prove damage, and, because it has been held that in cases of unintentional trespass to the person, negligence must be proved, it might well be the case that the same will be held to apply in relation to trespass to goods. However, if the act is intentional towards the goods, then that is sufficient even if the defendant is mistaken. The plaintiff must be in possession at the time of the alleged interference.
In relation to the person, it is the tort of touching another person's body or invading his land. In Scotland it is not recognized in any form other than in discussion of temporary intrusion on heritage and even then in a non-technical sense. It is not, in Scotland, a ground of action unless damage is done, although it may be restrained by interdict. The Trespass (Scotland) Act 1865 (as amended) applies to Scotland, so it is of technical importance in that respect, creating a criminal offence in some special examples of intrusion upon property. In the UK some terms of trespass have been criminalized. See COLLECTIVE TRESPASS.
TRESPASS, remedies. The name of an action, instituted for the recovery of damages, for a wrong committed against the plaintiff, with immediate force; as an assault and battery against the person; an unlawful entry into his, land, and an unlawful injury with direct force to his personal property. It does not lie for a mere non-feasance, nor when the matter affected was not tangible.
2. The subject will be considered with regard, 1. To the injuries for which trespass may be sustained. 2. The declaration. 3. The plea. 4. The judgment.
3.-Sec. 1. This part of the subject will be considered with reference to injuries, 1. The person. 2. To personal property. 3. To real property. 4. When trespass can or cannot be justified by legal proceedings.
4.-1. Trespass is the proper remedy for an assault and battery, wounding, imprisonment, and the like, and it also lies for an injury to the relative rights when occasioned by force; as, for beating, wounding, and imprisoning a wife or servant, by which the plaintiff has sustained a loss. 9 Co. 113; 10 Co. 130. Vide Parties to actions; Per guod, and 1 Chit. Pr. 37.
5.-2. The action of trespass is the proper remedy for injuries to personal property, which may be committed by the several acts of unlawfully striking, chasing, if alive, and carrying away to the damage of the plaintiff, a personal chattel, 1 Saund. 84, n. 2, 3; F. N. B. 86; Bro. Trespass, pl. 407; Toll. Executors, 112; Cro. Jac. 362, of which another is the owner and in possession; but a naked possession or right to immediate possession, is a sufficient title to support this action. 1 T. R. 480; and gee 8. John. R. 432; 7 John. R. 535; 11 John. R. 377; Cro. Jac. 46; 1 Chit. Pl. 165.
6.-3. Trespass is the proper remedy for the several acts of breaking through an enclosure, and coming into contact with any corporeal hereditament, of which another is the owner and in possession, and by which a damage has ensued. There is an ideal fence, reaching in extent upwards, a superficie terrae usque ad caelum, which encircles every man's possessions, when he is owner of the surface, and downwards as far as his property descends; the entry, therefore, is breaking through this enclosure, and this generally constitutes, by itself, a right of action. The plaintiff must be the owner, and in possession. 5 East, R. 485; 9 John. R. 61; 12 John. R. 183; 11 John. R. 385; Id. 140; 3 Hill, R. 26. There must have been some injury, however, to entitle the plaintiff to recover, for a man in a balloon may legally be said to break the close of the plaintiff, when passing over it, as he is wafted by the wind, yet as the owner's possession is not by that act incommoded, trespass could not probably be maintained; yet, if any part of the machinery were to fall upon the land, the aeronaut could not justify an entry into it to remove it, which proves that the act is not justifiable. 19 John. 381 But the slightest injury, as treading down the grass, is sufficient. Vide 1 Chit. Pl. 173; 2 John, R. 357: 9 John. R. 113, 377; 2 Mass. R. 127; 4 Mass. R. 266; 4 John. R. 150.
7.-4. It is a general rule that when the defendant has acted under regular process of a court of competent jurisdiction, or of a single magistrate having jurisdiction of the subject-matter, it is a sufficient justification to him; but when the court has no jurisdiction and the process is wholly void, the defendant cannot justify under it.
8. But there are some cases, where an officer will not be justified by the warrant or authority of a court, having jurisdiction. These exceptions are generally founded on some matter of public policy or convenience; for example, when a warrant was issued against a mail carrier, though the officer was justified in serving the warrant, he was liable to an indictment for detaining such mail carrier under the warrant, for by thus detaining him, he was guilty of "willfully obstructing or retarding the passage of the mail, or of the driver or carrier," contrary to the provisions of the act of congress of 1825, ch. 275, s. 9. 8 Law Rep. 77. See Ambassador; Justification.
9.-Sec. 2. The declaration should contain a concise statement of the injury complained of, whether to the person, personal or real property, and it must allege that the injury was committed vi et armis and contra pacem; in which particulars it differs from a declaration in case. See Case, remedies.
10.-Sec. 3. The general issue is not guilty. But as but few matters can be given in evidence under this plea, it is proper to plead special matters of defence.
11.-Sec. 4. The judgment is generally for the damages assessed by the jury, and for costs. When the judgment is for the defendant, it is that be recover his costs. Vide Irregularity; Regular and Irregular process. Vide, generally, Bro. Ab. h.t.; Nelson's Ab. h.t.; Bac. Ab. h.t.; Dane's Ab. h.t.; Com. Dig. h.t.; Vin. Ab. h.t.; the various American and English Digests, h.t.; 2 Phil. Ev. 131; Ham. N. P. 33 to 265; Chit. Pr. Index, h.t.; Rose. Civ. Ev. h.t.; Stark. Ev. h.t.; Bouv. Inst. Index, h.t.
<a href="https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Criminal+Trespass">trespass</a>
accroach
act illegally
action on the case
advance upon
Blank bar
cattle-trespass
collective trespass
Continuando
Roy Isom, 42, of Carrier Mills, was charged with criminal trespass to property in the 300 block of East Reeves on Feb.
For the incident, she was charged with a misdemeanor count of criminal trespass to state land and one felony count of theft or unauthorized control greater than $500 for the ticket she didn't have.
'Serial Stowaway' Arrested Again After Sneaking Into Airport
Travis County officers and the Austin Police Department said the protesters would likely be charged with criminal trespass, a class C misdemeanor.
Immigration Reform Activists Arrested During Civil Disobedience Campaign
A group of grannies appeared in an American court charged with criminal trespass after attempting to sign up for military service in Iraq.
War on Terror: Would-be battle-axes charged with trespass
She was charged with criminal trespass, obstruction of private property, reckless endangerment, and illegal posting.
New York Destroys the Rainforest
This would be the technological equivalent of a criminal trespass.
Computer crime categories: how techno-criminals operate
Alan Shields, 33, of Cicero, was charged with resisting/obstructing a police officer, disorderly conduct, criminal trespass to property, aggravated battery of a police officer and threatening a public official in the 700 block of West Monroe Street on Feb.
Ortiz faces charges of second-degree criminal trespass, resisting arrest, third-degree escape and tampering with physical evidence - the last charge a result of his changed appearance.
Fleeing man's bald move fails to shake cops, police say
Ramirez-Yerena, 20, of Selbyville, for resisting arrest, possession of drug paraphernalia and criminal trespass in an agricultural field near Selbyville.
United States : Fish & Wildlife Natural Resources Police Blotter: Feb. 29 - March 6
Gregory York was arrested Tuesday night and arraigned in Town of Manlius Court on criminal trespass charges.
Party's over for NY man who hosted big bash
LaBeouf, 28, was charged with two counts of disorderly conduct, one count of trespass, one count of criminal trespass and harassment in the second degree during his arraignment on June 27 following a performance of "Cabaret.
N.Y. judge adjourns disorderly conduct case against actor LaBeouf
She now faces misdemeanor charges of disorderly conduct and criminal trespass.
US woman arrested after trying to break into jail
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The Artist's Studio: E.W. Nay
The Life and Work of the German Painter
Michael Blackwood Productions
A visit to the studio of Ernst Wilhelm Nay, a remarkable, if somewhat solitary German artist, who had established his own position at age 30 among the many 'isms' of the time, just before the advent of the Nazi takeover. Soon his art was labeled "decadent" by the Hitler regime. His paintings were removed from museum collections, he could no longer show new work in galleries, or even purchase art supplies.
Soon after the end of WWII, Nay returned to painting much inspired by his need 'to catch up'. Once his work could be followed again year by year after 1946, he rose to become one of Germany's leading painters. Somehow though the importance and range of his work has not fully entered the contemporary consciousness of the art world. This may partly be due to the fact that Nay belonged to that persecuted generation of German artists who, just as their work began to blossom, were forced by Hitler's art dictatorship to go underground. There they had to continue, under the harshest circumstances and in complete isolation, what they had begun earlier.
Ernst Wilhelm Nay died in 1968 at the age of 65. His studio, still intact, offers a retrospective of his work beginning with the 1920s.
Michael Blackwood
Christian A.J. Klein, Elisabeth Nay, Ernst Wilhelm Nay, Magda Claesges, Michael Blackwood, Siegfried Gohr
The Arts > Visual Art
Pierre Soulages - Black Light 51 mins "When speaking of light, in connection with black,this sounds paradoxical. However, in reality, black is a colour of light. You cannot imagine there to be…
Pierre Soulages - Black Light
14 Americans: Directions of the 1970s 92 mins The multiple means of making art after the end of illusionism led these artists to create performances, sculptures, earthworks, tableaux, furniture, shaped canvases, and more,…
14 Americans: Directions of the 1970s
Forrest Bess: Key to the Riddle - One of America's Most Eccentric and Visionary Artists 48 mins Painter, fisherman, visionary, eccentric - Forrest Bess lived his life in obscurity, at an isolated bait camp off the East Coast of Texas. From 1949…
Forrest Bess: Key to the Riddle - One of America's Most Eccentric and Visionary Artists
After Modernism - The Dilemma of Influence 59 mins The purposeful dismantling of the modernist myth has been the central issue of contemporary art making and art criticism. Since the 1960s, other disciplines, cultures,…
After Modernism - The Dilemma of Influence
Motherwell/Alberti - A Painter and Poet Inspire Each Other 15 mins This documentary explores the artistic connection between Robert Motherwell's Open Series and Rafael Alberti's poetry cycle, A La Pintura. Infatuated with Alberti's text, Motherwood uses…
Motherwell/Alberti - A Painter and Poet Inspire Each Other
Brice Marden: 4 Decades - A Retrospective of the American Abstract Painter 58 mins Brice Marden's paintings and drawings have long been at the forefront of contemporary abstract art. Marden's much acclaimed retrospective at MoMA in November 2006, provided…
Brice Marden: 4 Decades - A Retrospective of the American Abstract Painter
Vija Celmins: 4 Decades 57 mins Vija Celmins is one of the most important artists of the postwar generation. She is best known for her drawings of the ocean and the…
Vija Celmins: 4 Decades
Germany’s Cold War Cultures 1949-1989 - An Exhibition of 20th Century German Art
Drew: The Man Behind The Poster - Artist Drew Struzan
Fritz Cremer: The Buchenwald Memorial - An East German Sculptor and Graphic Artist
DEFA Film Library
Seed Corn Should Not be Ground - A Portrait of a German Sculptor and Graphic Artist
The Rape of Europa - The Systemic Theft and Destruction of Europe's Art Treasures
Menemsha Films
Truth and Art
Sanya Communications
Because I Was a Painter - Secretly Crafted Artworks from Concentration Camps
Cinema Guild
John Richardson: The Art of Picasso: 1927-1973
Checkerboard Film Foundation
Exhibition on Screen: Cezanne, A Portrait of Life
Seventh Art Productions
Gerhard Richter: 4 Decades - The Famous Painter's Early Work
Wolfgang Mattheuer
Over Your Cities Grass Will Grow
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CT scans offer a glimpse into lives of 3 Egyptian mummies
Radiologists’ expertise contributes to new exhibit at Saint Louis Art Museum
by Kristina Sauerwein•February 23, 2018
Vincent Mellnick, MD, (left) and Michelle Miller-Thomas, MD, radiologists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, conducted computerized tomography (CT) scans of three Egyptian mummies. They recently discussed their findings at the Saint Louis Art Museum. The museum has a new exhibit featuring the mummies.
Radiologists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis recently celebrated a housewarming of sorts for three former patients, each of whom is thousands of years old.
The mummified remains of Henut-wedjebu, Padi-menekh and Amen-nestawy-nakht have settled into their new, permanent exhibit space in the Saint Louis Art Museum’s Ancient Egyptian Art Gallery. The third-floor exhibit opened in December and includes hieroglyphics, artifacts and a 55-inch interactive touchscreen for visitors to explore computerized tomography (CT) scans of one of the mummies, Amen-nestawy-nakht. The images were taken in 2014 by radiologists at the university’s Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (MIR).
To mark the occasion, Vincent Mellnick, MD, an associate professor of radiology and chief of the abdominal imaging section, and Michelle Miller-Thomas, MD, an assistant professor of radiology, gave a talk Feb. 16 at the art museum, in which they discussed the findings of the scans with Lisa Çakmak, PhD, the museum’s associate curator for ancient art. In 2014, Sanjeev Bhalla, MD, a professor of radiology and chief of the cardiothoracic imaging section, led the university’s team of radiologists in the mummy scanning project.
Radiologists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis used data from CT scans and a 3-D printer to make a copy of a scarab amulet found in the chest of one of the mummies. The amulet (newly made copy above) resembles a dung beetle.
The radiologists said they will continue to work with the art museum and other experts worldwide who specialize in Egyptology, postmortem decay and other areas that might shed light on the mummies’ ancient cultures.
Using data from the scans and a 3-D printer, the radiologists made a copy of a scarab amulet discovered in the chest of Amen-nestawy-nakht, a mummy owned by the museum. The other two mummies are on loan from Washington University’s Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum.
The model of the mummy’s amulet is etched in brightly colored plastic. It resembles a dung beetle belonging to the species Scarabaeus sacer, and it is similar in size to such a beetle.
The radiologists answered questions about their findings:
Can you tell us more about the scarab amulet?
Miller-Thomas: Amulets in the shape of scarab beetles were very popular in ancient Egypt. The beetle symbolized a rising and rebirth, and the scarab amulet was commonly placed over the heart and covered within the wrappings. The scans revealed the scarab amulet near Amen-nestawy-nakht’s heart.
What else did you find interesting?
Miller-Thomas: I’m a neuroradiologist so I examined the brains and skulls. Most lay people believe the brain is removed during the mummification process. It was for Amen-nestawy-nakht, a male from around 900 B.C. His brain cavity was filled with linen. Padi-menekh’s brain also was removed, and his skull was filled with a liquid resin, which has hardened. He is from the third century B.C. But Henut-wedjebu, a female from around 1300 B.C., still had her brain. It was fascinating. The mummies’ lives span over thousands of years, and the scans showed that the process of mummification had changed over the years.
We also learned about social status. Henut-wedjebu was of the highest status. We know this in part because her coffin was ornate, which indicated more wealth. Compared with the other two mummies, the CT scans showed that her teeth were in better shape and she had less dental disease. This may be a reflection of her higher status in that she had better access to food and oral care.
A state-of-the-art computerized tomography (CT) scan of Henut-wedjebu, an Egyptian mummy, showed better teeth than those of two other scanned mummies, possibly reflecting her higher social status. The scan also revealed a collection of objects around her head that may be a headdress, packing materials or debris.
Why were CT scans ideal in learning more about the mummies?
Mellnick: The general public tends to view mummies solely as pieces of art. But, in fact, mummies are human remains. Modern imaging equipment allows us to learn more about these extinct societies without harming the bodies. It allows us to be respectful of their culture by preserving intended rituals surrounding the afterlife. Physically opening the sarcophagi was not an option to be considered.
Did it feel like the mummies were actual patients?
Bhalla: For me, the mummies were like patients. Gil Jost (a professor emeritus and former head of MIR) organized the project with the art museum. He stressed dignity and respect when we created the mummy-imaging team. He wanted us to approach them with the same thoughtful approach we do our living patients. That philosophy guided us into subspecialist review and a careful assessment with the generation of reports.
A reddish color was added to a 3-D computerized tomography (CT) scan to exaggerate tissue differences in the mummy of Henut-wedjebu.
How will the radiology team continue to learn more about the mummies?
Miller-Thomas: We are continuing to work with the art museum and using images to consult with various experts who may offer additional insights. For instance, the scans indicated a fracture in Henut-wedjebu’s skull. I consulted with a coroner from the St. Louis County Office of the Medical Examiner. She said the pattern of the injury indicated that it happened after death, maybe because of the way her body was handled during mummification. Her joints also were dislocated, perhaps in the straightening of the body. Amen-nestawy-nakht had disruption of the spine and thorax. It most certainly occurred postmortem, possibly caused by rough handling or storing the body upright.
How has the mummy-imaging team benefited the radiology department?
Miller-Thomas: The opportunity to collaborate closely with co-workers has created friendships and strong working relationships across the department’s subspecialties.
Mellnick: It would be easy for Michelle and I, or Sanjeev and I, to go weeks, if not months, without working together. But the familiarity we have developed makes it easy to collaborate, and that helps clinical practice.
Bhalla: The most rewarding aspect was the teamwork that went into the project. Every person had value and diversity of thought and education. The result is a stronger overall team.
Examining Padi-menekh’s sarcophagus in 2014 are (from left) curators Lisa Çakmak, PhD, of the Saint Louis Art Museum, Karen Butler, PhD, of the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Musuem, and Washington University School of Medicine radiologists Sanjeev Bhalla, MD, and Vincent Mellnick, MD.
Diane Duke Williams, Associate Director for Media Relations
williamsdia@wustl.edu
Kristina Sauerwein, Senior Medical Sciences Writer
Kristina covers pediatrics, surgery and student life. She has a bachelor’s degree in newspaper journalism and a minor in sociology from Syracuse University.
k.sauerwein@wustl.edu
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Eberlein named honorary fellow of Society of Black Academic Surgeons
Recognized for contributions to careers of surgical society members and to field of surgery
Timothy J. Eberlein, MD, the Bixby Professor of Surgery and head of the Department of Surgery at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, has been named an honorary fellow of the Society of Black Academic Surgeons.
The society’s goal is to advance academic excellence among its more than 200 members by providing a forum of scholarship in collaboration with leading academic departments of surgery in the U.S.
“Dr. Eberlein’s contributions to the careers of many of this organization’s members and his contributions to American surgery at large have been both substantial and appreciated,” said Orlando C. Kirton, MD, the society’s president.
Eberlein, a breast surgeon, also is director of Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine. He will be recognized during the Annual Society of Black Academic Surgeons Honorary Fellows Luncheon, which coincides with the American Surgical Association’s annual meeting, April 14-16 in Chicago.
“What a great honor it is to be recognized by one of our country’s leading medical associations,” Eberlein said. “The society’s work is important for so many reasons, especially developing talented black surgeons and helping them become leaders of academic medicine in America.”
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Lumenis Celebrates 50 Years of Changing Lives Through Innovation at the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD)
March 1, 2017 – Orlando, FL, USA
Lumenis Ltd., the world’s largest energy-based medical device company for surgical, aesthetic, and ophthalmic applications, proudly announces its 50th anniversary, which will be celebrated at the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) Annual Meeting in Orlando, FL from March 3rd – 7th, 2017.
As an international leader in the development and commercialization of innovative aesthetic energy-based technologies, Lumenis has invented Intense Pulsed Light (IPL™) for skin treatments, LightSheer® – diode laser for hair removal and the UltraPulse® – the most powerful CO2 laser in aesthetic medicine, among many others. Lumenis has redefined medical treatments and set numerous technological and clinical gold standards. The company has successfully created solutions for previously untreatable conditions, as well as designed advanced technologies that have revolutionized existing treatment methods.
“When we were the first to develop the IPL in the 1990s, it was not clearly understood how a pulsed broadband non-laser energy source could treat specific chromophore targets, but through the years it has proven to be one of the most versatile technologies on the market. The invention of these laser and light-based approaches for dermatology- opened up my practice for a whole new set of aesthetic indications [that] I never had a good solution for. Now I can’t do [it] without them,” said Dr. Mitchel P. Goldman, from Cosmetic Laser Dermatology, San Diego, Medical Director for West Dermatology and a former Medical Director at Lumenis. Dr. Goldman is a guest speaker at the AAD.
Lumenis’ vision is to provide better technology for better patient care through innovative energy-based solutions. With a ground-breaking technological legacy of five decades, the company is committed to enhancing patient health and quality of life, addressing new and growing needs of the aging population, and continuing to offer medical professionals innovative solutions to meet the developing and dynamic healthcare environment of the 21st century.
“Lumenis is proud to provide advanced noninvasive solutions from the most common to the most severe skin concerns,” said Tzipi Ozer-Armon, CEO of Lumenis. “As we have for the past 50 years, Lumenis is committed to continue supporting medical community leaders advancing the use of medical laser technologies and providing innovative, life-changing treatment benefits.”
In an effort to serve underprivileged and underserved populations, Lumenis has partnered with a number of foundations, hospitals, and healthcare professionals internationally, with countries including Haiti, Russia, St. Lucia, India, Africa, and Armenia, to provide the latest energy-based treatments to patients suffering from conditions such as BPH, burn injuries, and glaucoma. Lumenis lasers are used in humanitarian missions around the world to treat wounded warriors, war survivors, and severe scar patients, including Kim Phuc, a survivor of the Vietnam War bombing who is recognized as “The Girl in the Picture.”
Lumenis lasers improve the quality of life of many patients around the world, such as cancer survivor, Angela Wissel, who is also speaking at the AAD. “The FemTouch procedure was absolutely life changing. I couldn’t believe the difference in just a short amount of time, and we had our life back – literally. It was amazing,” said Wissel. “The treatments are quick, they are painless, they’re easy, and I wish I had known about this instead of suffering for years waiting for a solution.”
Lumenis will honor its 50th anniversary and decades of innovation at this year’s AAD with a champagne celebration. Please visit lumenis.com for a detailed agenda of activities at the conference. For more information about the Lumenis family of products, please visit the Lumenis booth (#2541), where attendees can win prizes for answering fun quiz questions about laser history.
About Lumenis
Lumenis is a global leader in the field of minimally-invasive clinical solutions for the Surgical, Ophthalmology, and Aesthetic markets, and is a world-renowned expert in developing and commercializing innovative energy-based technologies, including Laser, Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) and Radio-Frequency (RF). For 50 years, Lumenis’ ground-breaking products have redefined medical treatments and have set numerous technological and clinical gold-standards. Lumenis has successfully created solutions for previously untreatable conditions, as well as designed advanced technologies that have revolutionized existing treatment methods. For more information visit: www.lumenis.com
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Novavax Announces Data From Phase 2 RSV F-Protein Vaccine Clinical Trial In Older Adults
by Isaura Santos
In News.
Novavax recently announced positive data from a Phase 2 RSV F-Protein vaccine clinical trial in older adults. The company’s respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine showed efficacy in the entire population of study subjects, revealing significant vaccine efficacy in preventing symptomatic RSV disease in the prospective RSV epidemiological study that also noted a seasonal attack rate of 4.9 percent for the symptomatic form of the disease.
Novavax, Inc. is a clinical-stage vaccine firm developing and marketing recombinant nano particle vaccines and adjuvants. The company recently announced positive outcomes of the RSV F-protein recombinant nanoparticle vaccine in older adults 60 years of age and older. The vaccine met the company’s expectations and it was well-tolerated among study participants.
William Schaffner, Professor at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, said: “It’s increasingly appreciated that RSV causes an enormous amount of illness on an annual basis, particularly in the older population. An RSV infection can predispose older adults to developing secondary pneumonia and admission to the hospital. Each year in the United States, approximately 14,000 people ages 65 or older die of RSV infections and approximately 900,000 have some sort of medical encounter with a doctor, or emergency room, or are hospitalized. Prevention remains the highest goal of medicine and those of us in preventative medicine and public health would like to prevent as many of these infections as possible.”
The randomized, blinded and placebo controlled Phase 2 trial included 1,600 older adult participants tested at 10 locations in the US and was designed to assess the incidence of all symptomatic respiratory diseases that are connected to RSV in older adults. The trial assessed safety and immunogenicity of the 135 microgram dose of RSV F Vaccine in comparison to placebo. The goal of the study was to estimate the efficacy of the vaccine in reducing the incidence of respiratory illness caused by RSV.
The trial showed significant vaccine efficacy in older adults in preventing symptomatic RSV disease (44 percent) and RSV disease with symptoms of the lower respiratory tract infection (46 percent). Efficacy was even better than several recent estimates of respiratory vaccines that include pneumococcal and standard-dose seasonal influenza. Researchers noticed an attack rate for symptomatic RSV disease of 4.9 percent in older adults and 95 percent of those included lower respiratory track symptoms and emphasized the significant burden of RSV disease in the older population segment. Multiple lower respiratory tract symptoms linked with breathing issues was 64 percent in multiple ad hoc analyses, and a 6-month vaccine protection throughout the RSV season was demonstrated as well.
An increase in both amount of anti-F IgG and PCA concentrations and in serologic responses in more than 90 percent of vaccinated subjects revealed a strong immune response. “These efficacy data represent a historic advance for the field. This is also an important confirmation of the burden of RSV disease in older adults and highlights the high rate of lower respiratory tract symptoms in those infected by RSV in a large, prospective trial. It is clear that our RSV F Vaccine provided statistically significant efficacy in older adults, a population that historically has been difficult to protect. The reduction in symptomatic RSV, RSV with lower respiratory tract illness and RSV associated with difficulty breathing are breakthrough results. We look forward to making details of these data public at an appropriate forum in the future,” added Gregory Glenn, Senior Vice President, Research and Development.
“The development of an RSV vaccine has been a decades-long challenge,” stated Stanley C. Erck, President and CEO. “We are thrilled by the groundbreaking efficacy of our RSV F Vaccine in older adults. We are committed to pursuing an aggressive developmental timeline for this program which includes discussions with regulatory authorities and initiation of a pivotal Phase 3 trial as early as the fourth quarter of this year. We also expect to announce safety and immunogenicity data from the RSV F Vaccine Phase 2 trial to protect infants via maternal immunization later this quarter.”
Tagged Novavax, RSV, vaccine.
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Giving the Gift of Context by Asking the Right Questions
·December 12, 2017
By Bruce Tulgan
Managers often tell us that their new, young employees suffer from a fundamental lack of context. This is partly a life stage issue: younger people have less life experience than older people and thus fewer points of reference to compare circumstances, people, and relationships. Context is all about these points of reference. So, lack of context comes with the territory when it comes to young employees.
Millennials’ lack of context, however, seems to stem from more than just youth and inexperience. Contrary to popular belief they do, in fact, appreciate and respect age and experience. But their appreciation and respect doesn’t translate into deference or acquiescence. Throughout childhood, their relationships with adults have rarely been defined in terms of absolute authority, and have instead often been inflected by familiarity.
Giving new, young employees the gift of context means explaining that, no matter who that individual may be, what they want to achieve, or how they want to behave, their role in any situation is determined in large part by factors that have nothing to do with them. There are preexisting, independent factors that would be present even if they were not, and those factors determine the context of any situation.
Context is easier to understand when we consider extreme examples of it: jail, war, famine, natural disasters. In any of these contexts, the possibilities are limited, and so is the scope of an individual’s potential role. In these contexts, certain expectations, hopes, expressions, and actions are inappropriate. While it is relatively easy to be sensitive to extreme contexts, it is often difficult for people, new employees in particular, to be sensitive to more subtle contexts, particularly when they walk into new situations. Every situation has a context that limits possibilities and limits the scope of an individual’s potential role.
The big mistake leaders and managers often make is allowing new, young employees to remain in their vacuum. Telling new employees “all about the company,” while important and useful, is not entirely the same thing as giving them context. Telling young employees: “This is how it was for me when I was a new employee” is also not giving them context. Understanding context is about understanding where one fits in the larger picture.
In our career seminars, we teach young employees to use a simple brainstorming tool in order to situate themselves in a new context, and you can use it to teach your new employees. We tell them that before they can figure out where they fit in an organization, they need to get a handle on the other pieces of the puzzle.
Ask your new, young employees to think and respond to the following questions:
Where am I? What is this place?
What is going on here? What is the mission of the group?
Why is everybody here? What is at stake for the group and for each person in the group?
When did they all get here?
Who are all these people? What role does each person play?
How are they accustomed to doing things around here? What is the standard operating procedure?
What is at stake for me?
When did I get here?
What is my appropriate role in relation to the other people in the group?
What is my appropriate role in relation to the mission? Who am I in this context?
Take the time to discuss these questions with your new employees, as well as their answers to these questions. It will help both of you to understand where the other is coming from, and how each of you can adjust expectations your understandings to most effectively work together.
The Basics of Providing Context – Part One
Defining ‘Good Citizenship’ in the Workplace – Part Three
Coaching Performance – Part Four
Bruce Tulgan is an adviser to business leaders all over the world and a sought-after keynote speaker and seminar leader. He is the founder and CEO of RainmakerThinking, Inc., a management research and training firm, as well as RainmakerThinking.Training, an online training company. Bruce is the best-selling author of numerous books including Not Everyone Gets a Trophy (Revised & Updated, 2016), Bridging the Soft Skills Gap (2015), The 27 Challenges Managers Face (2014), , and It’s Okay to be the Boss (2007). He has written for the New York Times, the Harvard Business Review, HR Magazine, Training Magazine, and the Huffington Post. Bruce can be reached by e-mail at brucet@rainmakerthinking.com, you can follow him on Twitter @BruceTulgan, or visit his website www.rainmakerthinking.com.
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Filed under Football, Showcase, SPORTS
Malik Gant declares for NFL Draft
Kieran Intemann, Sports Editor|January 10, 2019
Safety Malik Gant celebrates an interception against Florida Atlantic on Oct. 20, 2018. Gant declared for the 2019 NFL Draft on Thursday.
Richard Crank
Marshall football’s leader of the secondary is leaving the school to pursue a childhood dream.
Redshirt junior safety Malik Gant announced on Thursday that he will forgo his senior season and declare for the 2019 NFL Draft.
“I have aspired to play in the National Football League since I was five years old,” Gant said in a statement released to the public. “This journey went from playing throwback tackle (football) in the backyard to national televised college games. I realize that I am now close to fulfilling my dream and it is phenomenal because the journey has not always been easy.”
Gant, a former walk-on, finished the 2018 season second on the team with 95 tackles and added nine tackles for loss, eight pass break-ups, two interceptions and a sack. He was also named a candidate for the Jim Thorpe Award during the season, was selected as Marshall’s 2018 team MVP, was an All-Conference USA First Team Defensive selection and a Pro Football Focus Second Team All-American.
Gant’s departure marks the second straight season a Marshall player has declared early for the NFL Draft. Former Herd quarterback Chase Litton went undrafted in last year’s NFL Draft and is currently on the practice squad of the Kansas City Chiefs.
A native of Washington, D.C., Gant will seek to become the second Marshall player from H.D. Woodson High School to be drafted into the NFL. The first was former quarterback Byron Leftwich, who was selected in the first round in 2003 by the Jacksonville Jaguars. Leftwich is currently the offensive coordinator for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
Gant is also looking to become the first Marshall defensive player to be drafted since former Herd cornerback Darryl Roberts was selected in the seventh round in 2015 by the New England Patriots. Roberts currently plays for the New York Jets.
“I am forever thankful to Marshall University and the great town of Huntington, West Virginia, for supporting me throughout three tremendous years of playing for an exemplary football program where football is truly more than a game,” Gant said. “I am grateful to the entire Marshall football coaching staff for giving a young man from the inner city of Washington, D.C., an opportunity to walk on and play collegiate football at the highest level.”
“Malik has been a great ambassador for our Marshall football program the last few years,” Marshall head coach Doc Holliday said in a statement on Twitter. “He protected the ‘M’ every time he suited up. Best of luck to him as he prepares to play at the next level.”
Gant, listed on Marshall’s website at 6-foot-2, 200 pounds, will train at the Applied Science and Performance Institute in Tampa Florida, where he will be coached by former Super Bowl MVP Dexter Jackson.
The 2019 NFL Draft takes place in Nashville Tennessee, from Apr. 25-27. First-round picks are announced on Apr. 25, second and third round selections are made on Apr. 26 and rounds 4-7 take place on Apr. 27.
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Herd football week 14 report card
Offensive struggles lead to blowout loss against Virginia Tech
Marshall football to face Virginia Tech in Blacksburg
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Middlebury College's only student-run newspaper.
Track and Field Breaks Records at DIII New Englands
By JORDAN HOWELL
The Middlebury track and field team competed well in the Division III New England Championships on Friday, May 3 and Saturday, May 4.
Previously, Nick Hendrix ’20 said the team would prepare for the meet with a “business as usual” attitude. “There will probably a bit more of an individual focus as athletes concentrate on their best events and try to get qualifying marks,” Hendrix said. “As far as training goes, we’re all in good shape now, so our volume will go down and staying fresh is the priority.”
The men’s team finished in third place with 64 points. They were behind MIT, who finished with 139.50 points and Tufts, who finished with 89.50 points. To start the meet off, Hendrix finished in third place in the 100-meter dash with a time of 10.76. Nathan Hill ’20 came in first place in the 800 meter run with a time of 1:50.56.
On the 800-meter race, Hill said, “It was a great race. New England is particularly strong in the 800, and so tough competition usually breeds fast times. I always look forward to competing against that group.”
In the 1500-meter run, Jon Perlman ’19 and Will Meyer ’20 came in third and fourth place, respectively. Perlman had a time of 3:53.37 and Meyer had a time of 3:53.40. Theo Henderson’s time of 14:56.28 placed him second in the 5000-meter run. The 4×100 meter relay team composed of Noah Wagner-Carlberg ’19, Hendrix, Arden Coleman ’20 and Conor Banky ’19 got third place with a time of 42.08. A throw of 59.73 meters got Minhaj Rahman ’19 the win in the hammer throw event. Also, John Natalone ’19 captured third in the pole vault event, while Jack Litowitz ’20 ended in fourth in the 3000-meter steeplechase.
“I think we performed very well at this meet,” Perlman said. “It can be tough to come back from such an emotional meet like NESCACs, but we were still able to have a large number of people get personal bests and position themselves high up on the national qualifying list.”
The women’s team tied for seventh place in a total field of 34 teams with 34 points, while Williams and MIT came in first and second place respectively. The Panthers scored well in many of the races at the meet. Cassidy Kearney ’22 captured third place and Meg Wilson ’20 captured fourth place in the 800-meter run. Kearney finished with a time of 2:11.55, while Wilson had a time of 2:13.37. In the 1500-meter run, the Panthers were able to finish in the fifth, sixth and seventh spots. Here, Abigail Nadler ’19 had a time of 4:38.86, Rory Kelly ’19 had a time of 4:38.98 and Kate MacCary ’19 had a time of 4:40.35. The 4×400-meter relay team was able to come in fifth place with a time of 3:53.72. This team was composed of Lucy Lang ’19, Ava O’Mara ’21, Julia Munz ’22, Kearney and Gretchen McGrath ’21. Kreager Taber ’19 came in fourth in the pole vault event with a vault of 3.51 meters. Also, a throw of 39.96 meters placed Rebecca Gorman ’20 sixth in the javelin throw event.
Kearney said, “I was really excited and surprised with my performance at the meet this past weekend … My coach (Nicole Wilkerson) is always cognizant of how to construct workouts so that athletes peak at the right time in the season, and I think that the performances in D3’s overall really showed how everyone is at their highest fitness level. I PR’ed by two seconds in the 800 to run 2:11, and I also was part of the 4×4 relay, in which we just barely broke the school record in 3:53.”
The Panthers’ journey to the end of the season continues, as they will participate in the Open New England Championships on Friday, May 10 and Saturday, May 11, and then the NCAA Championships on May 23-25. This team definitely has the spirit to continue their success as the end of the season nears.
“Open New England’s always has strong competition and we plan to prepare by challenging each other each and every day in practice,” Hill said. “It has been such a successful year thus far from a team perspective and we hope to continue that success.”
Kearney added, “Many athletes realized their potential and are now focusing on what goals they can accomplish next. This end portion of the season seems super fun as the level of competition rises.”
Tags: track and field
JORDAN HOWELL, Sports Writer
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Post #183: Dealing with North Korean Missiles
17Sep 2017 16 Sep 2017
Small powers often have leverage well above their size and capabilities. North Korea is the example par excellence today: It has a primitive economy by all the usual standards, no reliable trade or security partners, and depends on the outside world for essentials such as fuel and food. Yet by virtue of nuclear weapons and long-range missiles, Pyongyang has the ability to cause consternation among the great powers.
That needn’t be the case. Sure, six nuclear weapon tests and frequent tests of intermediate- and intercontinental-range missiles, along with threats to incinerate all enemies, can be jarring. But no one knows better than the North Korean military what use of those weapons would mean for their country: annihilation. They have been living with far more powerful US and allied forces ringing their country for more than half a century. Self- and national preservation are foremost among the aims of North Korean leaders. Thus, they frequently bluster and issue messages of doom, and occasionally attack specific South Korean targets. But they are not so suicidal as to use weapons of mass destruction or fire a missile that would hit US or allied territory.
The real purpose of North Korea’s two recent missile tests over Japan is to cause a rupture in relations among the US, China, Japan, and South Korea. Rather than attack Japan, which would galvanize the US-Japan security treaty, these missiles provoke debate in Japan—about US reliability, Japan’s constitutional limitations on taking defensive or offensive action against a threat, and choices of weapons systems (including everything from missile defense to nuclear weapons). All these issues have implications for Japan’s relations with South Korea and China, both of which would strongly protest a major military buildup by Japan and undermine trilateral cooperation in dealing with North Korea (www.nytimes.com/2017/09/15/world/asia/japan-north-korea-missile-defense.html).
What is particularly interesting from a human-interest point of view about the ongoing debate on how to deal with North Korea’s missiles is that only one of the major players—namely, China—has focused on a diplomatic resolution. All the others are concerned with weapons options. South Korea’s new president has made an about-face and is fully deploying the US THAAD anti-missile system, amidst talk about significantly upgrading the destructive power of its conventional bombs. Japan is apparently considering investing more in missile defense and acquiring cruise missiles. And Washington is (you’ll excuse the expression) trumpeting US weapons sales to both those countries. China, on the other hand, has proposed a “freeze-for-freeze”—North Korea’s suspension of nuclear and missile testing in return for a US-South Korea suspension of military exercises—that might jumpstart talks with North Korea.
So far, China’s proposal has found no interest in Washington. In Seoul, the government awaits a positive response from North Korea to a proposal for talks on resuming family reunions and other kinds of contact. But in Pyongyang, only Washington’s behavior counts. The North Koreans take the US seriously as a threat. Negotiating depends on “an end to the hostile policy” of the US, a position North Korea has held since Kim Jong-il’s time and has restated at least three times this summer. We have to ask why that view gets no attention from the Western media, and why US officials consistently and wrongly assert that North Korea has no interest in negotiations.
The latest UN Security Council resolution on sanctions includes a call to resume the Six Party Talks on the nuclear issue. It is long past time to craft a diplomatic initiative that is sensitive to North Korea’s security concerns and will test its interest in talking.
Previous Post #182: The Endangered Nuclear Deal with Iran
Next Post #184: Trump and Kim, A Dangerous Pairing
Michael Marien says:
17 Sep 2017 at 1:41 pm
Interesting third paragraph about North Korea’s motives to cause a rupture in US-China-SK-Japan relations.
But isn’t it true that Washington has pressured SK to take a more aggressive stance? Dare we think that the motive is that it
creates a market in SK and Japan for US missiles, thus good for business?
Mel Gurtov says:
US pressure on South Korea–to the point of calling its new president an appeaser–surely serves the military-industrial complex’s sales. The pressure is also designed to impede any resumption by SK of the “Sunshine” policy. If Kim Jong-un were playing his hand better, he would be responsive to Moon Jae-in’s overtures, but I guess Kim is too busy raising the ante with missiles.
Pingback: Dealing with North Korean Missiles – PeaceVoice
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Leonard Michael Sweeney, 73, of Glastonbury, passed away peacefully on Thursday, April 11, 2019 in Manchester. “Len” was born on January, 14, 1946 in Hartford to the late Joseph and Julia (Scaglia) Sweeney and lived most of his life in Glastonbury. He was a proud Army combat veteran of the Vietnam War, serving as a forward observer in the 196th Light Infantry Brigade. Known to his friends and family as a gentle soul, Len always had a smile and kind word for everyone he met.
Len is survived by his son and daughter-in-law, Galen and Nancy Sweeney of South Dartmouth MA, his brother and sister-in-law, Michael and Margaret Sweeney of Storrs, his brother Sean Zemzars of Willimantic, his sister Deborah Sweeney of Portland, his two grandchildren Ethan and Erin Sweeney, and several nieces and nephews. In addition to his parents, he is predeceased by his sister Marijo Sweeney.
The Sweeney family thanks the staff at Touchpoints at Manchester and Beacon Hospice for their compassionate care and support.
Services and burial are private at the convenience of the family.
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The Phantom Menace: Fantasies, falsehoods, and fear-mongering about Iran’s nuclear program
Nima Shirazi on December 31, 2010 91 Comments
“To tell deliberate lies while genuinely believing in them, to forget any fact that has become inconvenient, and then, when it becomes necessary again, to draw it back from oblivion for just so long as it is needed, to deny the existence of objective reality and all the while to take account of the reality which one denies — all this is indispensably necessary.”
– George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four
Facts rarely get in the way of American and Israeli fear-mongering and jingoism, especially when it comes to anti-Iran propaganda. For nearly thirty years now, U.S. and Zionist politicians and analysts, along with some of their European allies, have warned that Iranian nuclear weapons capability is just around the corner and that such a possibility would not only be catastrophic for Israel with its 400 nuclear warheads and state-of-the-art killing power supplied by U.S. taxpayers, but that it would also endanger regional dictatorships, Europe, and even the United States.
If these warnings are to be believed, Iran is only a few years away from unveiling a nuclear bomb…and has been for the past three decades. Fittingly, let’s begin in 1984.
An April 24, 1984 article entitled “‘Ayatollah’ Bomb in Production for Iran in United Press International referenced a Jane’s Intelligence Defense Weekly report warning that Iran was moving “very quickly” towards a nuclear weapon and could have one as early as 1986.
Two months later, on June 27, 1984, in an article entitled “Senator says Iran, Iraq seek N-Bomb,” Minority Whip of the U.S. Senate Alan Cranston was quoted as claiming Iran was a mere seven years away from being able to build its own nuclear weapon. In April 1987, the Washington Post published an article with the title “Atomic Ayatollahs: Just What the Mideast Needs – an Iranian Bomb,” in which reporter David Segal wrote of the imminent threat of such a weapon.
The next year, in 1988, Iraq issued warnings that Tehran was at the nuclear threshold.
By late 1991, Congressional reports and CIA assessments maintained a “high degree of certainty that the government of Iran has acquired all or virtually all of the components required for the construction of two to three nuclear weapons.” In January 1992, Benjamin Netanyahu told the Knesset that “within three to five years, we can assume that Iran will become autonomous in its ability to develop and produce a nuclear bomb.”
Furthermore, a February 1992 report by the U.S. House of Representatives suggested that Iran would have two or three operational nuclear weapons by April 1992.
In March 1992, The Arms Control Reporter reported that Iran already had four nuclear weapons, which it had obtained from Russia. That same year, the CIA predicted an Iranian nuclear weapon by 2000, then later changed their estimate to 2003.
A May 1992 report in The European claims that “Iran has obtained at least two nuclear warheads out of a batch officially listed as ‘missing from the newly independent republic of Kazakhstan.'”
Speaking on French television in October 1992, then-Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres warned the international community that Iran would be armed with a nuclear bomb by 1999. The following month, the New York Times reported that Israel was confident Iran would “become a nuclear power in a few years unless stopped.”
The same year, Robert Gates, then-director of the CIA, addressed the imminent threat of Iranian nuclear weapons. “Is it a problem today?” he asked at the time, “probably not. But three, four, five years from now it could be a serious problem.”
On January 23, 1993, Gad Yaacobi, Israeli envoy to the UN, was quoted in the Boston Globe, claiming that Iran was devoting $800 million per year to the development of nuclear weapons. Then, on February 24, 1993, CIA director James Woolsey said that although Iran was “still eight to ten years away from being able to produce its own nuclear weapon” the United States was concerned that, with foreign assistance, it could become a nuclear power earlier.
That same year, international press went wild with speculation over Iranian nuclear weapons. In the Spring of 1993, U.S. News & World Report, the New York Times, the conservative French weekly Paris Match, and Foreign Report all claimed Iran had struck a deal with North Korea to develop nuclear weapons capability, while U.S. intelligence analysts alleged an Iranian nuclear alliance with Ukraine. Months later, the AFP reported Switzerland was supplying Iran with nuclear weapons technology, while the Intelligence Newsletter claimed that the French firm CKD was delivering nuclear materials to Iran and U.S. News and World Report accused Soviet scientists working in Kazakhstan of selling weapons-grade uranium to Iran. By the end of 1993, Theresa Hitchens and Brendan McNally of Defense News and National Defense University analyst W. Seth Carus had reaffirmed CIA director Woolsey’s prediction “that Iran could have nuclear weapons within eight to ten years.”
In January 1995, John Holum, director of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, testified before Congress that “Iran could have the bomb by 2003,” while Defense Secretary William Perry unveiled a grimmer analysis, stating that “Iran may be less than five years from building an atomic bomb, although how soon…depends how they go about getting it.” Perry suggested that Iran could potentially buy or steal a nuclear bomb from one of the former Soviet states in “a week, a month, five years.”
The New York Times reported that “Iran is much closer to producing nuclear weapons than previously thought, and could be less than five years away from having an atomic bomb, several senior American and Israeli officials say,” a claim repeated by Greg Gerardi in The Nonproliferation Review (Vol. 2, 1995).
Benjamin Netanyahu, in his 1995 book “Fighting Terrorism: How Democracies Can Defeat the International Terrorist Network,” wrote,”The best estimates at this time place Iran between three and five years away from possessing the prerequisites required for the independent production of nuclear weapons.”
At the same time, a senior Israeli official declared, “If Iran is not interrupted in this program by some foreign power, it will have the device in more or less five years.” After a meeting in Jerusalem between Defense Secretary Perry and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, they announced that Iran would have a nuclear bomb in seven to 15 years.
On February 15, 1996, then-Israeli Foreign Minister Ehud Barak told members of the UN Security Council that Iran would be producing nuclear weapons by 2004.
On April 29, 1996, Israel’s then-Prime Minister Shimon Peres claimed in an interview with ABC that “the Iranians are trying to perfect a nuclear option” and would “reach nuclear weapons” in four years. By 1997 the Israelis confidently predicted an active Iranian nuclear bomb by 2005.
In March 1997, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency director John Holum again attested to a House panel that Iran would develop a nuclear weapon sometime between 2005 and 2007.
The following month, according to a report in Hamburg’s Welt am Sonntag, the German Federal Intelligence Service (BND) believed Iran had an active nuclear weapons development program and would be able to produce nuclear weapons by 2002, “although that timeframe could be accelerated if Iran acquires weapons-grade fissile material on the black market.” Eight days later, in early May 1997, a Los Angeles Times article quoted a senior Israeli intelligence official as stating that Iran would be able to make a nuclear bomb by “the middle of the next decade.”
On June 26, 1997, the U.S. military commander in the Persian Gulf, General Binford Peay, stated that, were Iran to acquire access to fissile material, it would obtain nuclear weapons “sometime at the turn of the century, the near-end of the turn of the century.”
In September 1997, Jane’s Intelligence Defense Review reported that former U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher declared, “we know that since the mid-1980s, Iran has had an organized structure dedicated to acquiring and developing nuclear weapons,” as then-Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu warned that the Iranian nuclear technology program “may be the most dangerous development in the 21st century.”
Writing in the Jerusalem Post on April 9, 1998, Steve Rodan claimed “Documents obtained by the Jerusalem Post show Iran has four nuclear bombs.” The next day, U.S. State Department spokesperson James Rubin addressed this allegation, stating, “There was no evidence to substantiate such claims.”
On October 21, 1998, General Anthony Zinni, head of U.S. Central Command, said Iran could have deliverable nuclear weapons by 2003. “If I were a betting man,” he said, “I would say they are on track within five years, they would have the capability.”
The next year, on November 21, 1999, a senior Israeli military official was quoted by AP reporter Ron Kampeas (who was later hired as Washington bureau chief for the Jewish Telegraphic Agency) saying, “Unless the United States pressures Russia to end its military assistance to Iran, the Islamic republic will possess a nuclear capability within five years.”
On December 9, 1999, General Zinni reiterated his assessment that Iran “will have nuclear capability in a few years.”
In a January 2000 New York Times article co-authored by Judith Miller, it was reported that the CIA suggested to the Clinton administration “that Iran might now be able to make a nuclear weapon,” even though this assessment was “apparently not based on evidence that Iran’s indigenous efforts to build a bomb have achieved a breakthrough,” but rather that “the United States cannot track with great certainty increased efforts by Iran to acquire nuclear materials and technology on the international black market.”
On March 9, 2000, the BBC stated that German intelligence once again believed Iran to be “working to develop missiles and nuclear weapons.”
The Telegraph reported on September 27, 2000 that the CIA believes Iran’s nuclear weapons capability to be progressing rapidly and suggests Iran will develop an intercontinental ballistic missile capable of reaching London or New York within the next decade. CIA Deputy Director Norman Schindler is quoted as saying, “Iran is attempting to develop the capability to produce both plutonium and highly enriched uranium, and it is actively pursuing the acquisition of fissile material and the expertise and technology necessary to form the material into nuclear weapons.”
By the summer of 2001, Israeli Defense Minister Binyamin Ben-Eliezer was warning that Iran could have nuclear weapons by 2005 and that, sometime in the next decade, the Iranian nuclear program would reach a “point of no return,” from which time “it would be impossible to stop it from attaining a bomb.” By the end of the year, despite an inquiry into the questionable validity of Israeli intelligence regarding the Iranian nuclear program, Mossad head Efraim Halevy repeated the claim that Iran is developing nuclear and other non-conventional weapons.
In early 2002, the CIA again issued a report alleging that Iran “remains one of the most active countries seeking to acquire (weapons of mass destruction and advanced conventional weapons) technology from abroad…In doing so, Tehran is attempting to develop a domestic capability to produce various types of weapons — chemical, biological, nuclear — and their delivery systems.” Soon thereafter, CIA Director George Tenet testified before a Senate hearing that Iran may be able to “produce enough fissile material for a nuclear weapon by the end of this decade…Obtaining material from outside could cut years from this estimate.”
During his “Axis-of-Evil” State of the Union address on January 29, 2002, George W. Bush declared that Iran was “aggressively” pursuing weapons of mass destruction.
On July 29, 2002, U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Marshall Billingslea testified to the Senate that “Iran is aggressively pursuing nuclear weapons.” Three days later, after a meeting with Russian officials on August 1, U.S. Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham stated that Iran was “aggressively pursuing nuclear weapons as well as [other] weapons of mass destruction.” By the end of the year, White House Press Secretary Ari Fleischer was reiterating U.S. concerns about, what he termed, Iran’s “across-the-board pursuit of weapons of mass destruction and missile capabilities.”
In an interview with CNBC on February 2003, U.S. Undersecretary of State John Bolton said that Iran is seeking technological assistance from North Korea and China to enhance its weapons of mass destruction programs. In April 2003, John Wolf, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State, accused Iran of having an “alarming, clandestine program.”
That same month, the Los Angeles Times stated that “there is evidence that Iran is developing nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction,” in a polling question regarding American attitudes toward Iran. The question followed, “Do you think the U.S. should or should not take military action against Iran if they continue to develop these weapons?” Fifty percent of respondents thought the U.S. should attack Iran.
The Telegraph reported on June 1, 2003 that “Senior Pentagon officials are proposing widespread covert operations against the government in Iran, hoping that dissident groups will mount a coup before the regime acquires a nuclear weapon.” The report contained a quote from a U.S. “government official with close links to the White House” as saying “There are some who see the overthrow of the regime as the only way to deal with the danger of Iran possessing a nuclear weapon. But there’s not going to be another war. The idea is to destabilize from inside. No one’s talking about invading anywhere.”
A CNN/USA Today/Gallup poll taken in late June 2003 asked Americans, “How likely do you think it is that Iran is developing weapons of mass destruction?” 46% of those surveyed said “very likely,” while another 38% said “somewhat likely.” Only 2% replied “not at all likely.”
An August 5, 2003 report in the Jerusalem Post stated that “Iran will have the materials needed to make a nuclear bomb by 2004 and will have an operative nuclear weapons program by 2005, a high-ranking military officer told the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee.”
On October 21, 2003, Major General Aharon Ze’evi, Israel’s Director of Military Intelligence, declared in Ha’aretz that “by the summer of 2004, Iran will have reached the point of no return in its attempts to develop nuclear weapons.” A few weeks later, the CIA released a semi-annual unclassified report to Congress which stated Iran had “vigorously” pursued production of weapons of mass destruction and that the “United States remains convinced that Tehran has been pursuing a clandestine nuclear weapons program.”
By mid-November 2003, Mossad intelligence service chief Meir Dagan testified for the first time before the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee and said that Iran was close to the “point of no return” in developing nuclear arms.
In early 2004, Ken Brill, U.S. Ambassador to the IAEA, reiterated the American position that Iran’s nuclear efforts are “clearly geared to the development of nuclear weapons.” One year later, on January 24, 2005, Mossad chief Meir Dagan again claimed that Iran’s nuclear program was almost at the “point of no return,” adding “the route to building a bomb is a short one” and that Iran could possess a nuclear weapon in less than three years. On January 28, the Guardian quoted Israeli Defense Minister Shaul Mofaz stating the same thing. He warned that Iran would reach “the point of no return” within the next twelve months in its covert attempt to secure a nuclear weapons capability. A week later, U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld said on CNN that Iran was “on a path of seeking a nuclear weapon,” but admitted that Iran was “years away” from building a nuclear bomb.
By August 2005, a “high-ranking IDF officer” told the Jerusalem Post that Israel has revised its earlier estimate that Iran would have a nuclear bomb by 2008, now putting the estimate closer to 2012. The same day, a major U.S. intelligence review projected that Iran was approximately ten years away from manufacturing the key ingredient for a nuclear weapon, doubling its previous estimate.
Two weeks later, however, Israeli military chief General Aharon Zeevi contradicted both the new Israeli and U.S. estimates. “Barring an unexpected delay,” he said, “Iran is going to become nuclear capable in 2008 and not in 10 years.”
In November 2005, Mohammad Mohaddessin, chair of the so-called National Council of Resistance of Iran (otherwise known as the Islamist/Marxist terrorist cult Mojahadeen-e Khalq, or MEK, which is currently designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the U.S. government) addressed a European Parliament conference and proclaimed that the “Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei is determined to pursue and complete Tehran’s nuclear weapons program full blast…[and] would have the bomb in two or three years time.”
On January 18, 2006, Donald Rumsfeld told Fox News that Iran was “acquiring nuclear weapons.”
A CNN/USA Today/Gallup survey conducted in late January 2006 asked, “Based on what you have heard or read, do you think that the government of Iran is or is not attempting to develop its own nuclear weapons?” 88% of those polled said Iran is.
82% of respondents to a Fox News/Opinion Dynamics poll taken around the same time believed “Iran wants to use the uranium for military purposes, such as to build a nuclear weapons program.” 68% thought “Iran currently has a nuclear weapons program,” an increase of 8% from the previous year.
CBS News reported on April 26, 2007 that “a new intelligence report says Iran has overcome technical difficulties in enriching uranium and could have enough bomb-grade material for a single nuclear weapon in less than three years.”
In late May 2007, IAEA head Mohammad El Baradei stated that, even if Iran wanted to build a nuclear weapon (despite all evidence to the contrary), it would not be able to “before the end of this decade or some time in the middle of the next decade. In other words three to eight years from now.” On July 11, 2007, Ha’aretz reported that “Iran will cross the ‘technological threshold’ enabling it to independently manufacture nuclear weapons within six months to a year and attain nuclear capability as early as mid-2009, according to Israel’s Military Intelligence.” The report also noted that “U.S. intelligence predicts that Iran will attain nuclear capability within three to six years.”
A Fox News/Opinion Dynamics opinion poll taken in late September 2007 found that 80% of Americans believed Iran’s nuclear program was for “military purposes.”
Israeli President Shimon Peres issued an official statement on October 18, 2007 that claimed “everyone knows [Iran’s] true intentions, and many intelligence agencies throughout the world have proof that Iran is seeking to develop nuclear weapons for the purpose of war and death.”
Less than two months later, the New York Times released “Key Judgments From a National Intelligence Estimate on Iran’s Nuclear Activity,” a consensus view of all 16 U.S. intelligence agencies. The analysis, entitled “Iran: Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities,” concluded with “high confidence” that the Iranian government had “halted its nuclear weapons program” in 2003, “had not restarted its nuclear weapons program as of mid-2007,” and admitted that “we do not know whether it currently intends to develop nuclear weapons.” The NIE also found that “Iran does not currently have a nuclear weapon” and that “Tehran’s decision to halt its nuclear weapons program suggests it is less determined to develop nuclear weapons than we have been judging since 2005.” Also included in the report was the assessment that, if Iran actually had a nuclear weapons program, “the earliest possible date Iran would be technically capable of producing enough HEU [highly enriched uranium] for a weapon is late 2009, but that this is very unlikely,” continuing, “Iran probably would be technically capable of producing enough HEU for a weapon sometime during the 2010-2015 time frame,” and adding that “All agencies recognize the possibility that this capability may not be attained until after 2015.”
A report released on February 7, 2008 by the Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS) asserted that Iran had tested a new, and more efficient, centrifuge design to enrich uranium. If 1,200 new centrifuges were operational, the report suggested , Iran could produce enough weapons-grade uranium for a bomb in one year.
Less than a week later, Israeli Prime Minster Ehud Olmert told reporters, “We are certain that the Iranians are engaged in a serious…clandestine operation to build up a non-conventional capacity.” Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, in a speech at West Point that Spring, claimed that Iran “is hellbent on acquiring nuclear weapons.”
On June 28, 2008, Shabtai Shavit, a former Mossad deputy director and influential adviser to the Israeli Knesset’s Defense and Foreign Affairs Committee, told The Sunday Telegraph that “worst-case scenario,” Iran may have a nuclear weapon in “somewhere around a year.”
In November 2008, David Sanger and William Broad of The New York Times reported that “Iran has now produced roughly enough nuclear material to make, with added purification, a single atom bomb, according to nuclear experts.” The article quoted nuclar physicist Richard L. Garwin, who helped invent the hydrogen bomb, as saying “They clearly have enough material for a bomb.” Siegfried S. Hecker of Stanford University and a former director of the Los Alamos weapons laboratory said in the report that the growing size of the Iranian stockpile “underscored that they are marching down the path to developing the nuclear weapons option,” while Thomas B. Cochran, a senior scientist in the nuclear program of the Natural Resources Defense Council declared, “They have a weapon’s worth.” Peter D. Zimmerman, a physicist and former United States government arms scientist, cautioned that Iran was “very close” to nuclear weapons capability. “If it isn’t tomorrow, it’s soon,” he said, indicating the threshold could be reached in a matter of months.
David Blair, writing in The Telegraph on January 27, 2009, reported that the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) “has said Iran is months away from crossing a vital threshold which could put it on course to build a weapon,” continuing that “Mark Fitzpatrick, the senior fellow for non-proliferation at the IISS, said: ‘This year, it’s very likely that Iran will have produced enough low-enriched uranium which, if further enriched, could constitute enough fissile material for one nuclear weapon, if that is the route Iran so desires.'”
On February 12, 2009, CIA Director-to-be Leon Panetta, told a Capitol Hill hearing, “From all the information I’ve seen, I think there is no question that [Iran is] seeking [nuclear weapons] capability.” Later that month, Benjamin Netanyahu, then a candidate for Israeli Prime Minister, told a Congressional delegation led by Maryland Senator Ben Cardin that “he did not know for certain how close Iran was to developing a nuclear weapons capability, but that ‘our experts’ say Iran was probably only one or two years away and that was why they wanted open ended negotiations.” Soon after that, Israel’s top intelligence official Amos Yadlin said Iran had “crossed the technological threshold” and was now capable of making a weapon.
In contrast to these allegations, National Intelligence director Dennis Blair told a Senate hearing in early March 2009 that Iran had only low-enriched uranium, which would need further processing to be used for weapons, and continued to explain that Iran had “not yet made that decision” to convert it. “We assess now that Iran does not have any highly enriched uranium,” Blair said.
Speaking in private with U.S. Congressmembers in late Spring 2009, Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak “estimated a window between 6 and 18 months from now in which stopping Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons might still be viable.” In mid-June 2009, Mossad chief Meir Dagan said, “the Iranians will have by 2014 a bomb ready to be used, which would represent a concrete threat for Israel.”
On July 8, 2009, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Mike Mullen, speaking at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, warned that the “window is closing” for preventing Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon. Mullen claimed that Iran was only one to three years away from successfully building a nuclear weapon and “is very focused on developing this capability.” A week later, Germany’s BND foreign intelligence agency declared Iran was capable of producing and testing an atomic bomb within six months.
The following month, on August 3, The Times (UK) reported that Iran had “perfected the technology to create and detonate a nuclear warhead” and “could feasibly make a bomb within a year” if given the order by head of state Ali Khamenei.
Meanwhile, a Newsweek report from September 16, 2009, indicated that the National Intelligence Estimate stood by its 2007 assessment and that “U.S. intelligence agencies have informed policymakers at the White House and other agencies that the status of Iranian work on development and production of a nuclear bomb has not changed.” Nevertheless, both ABC News/Washington Post and CNN/Opinion Research Corporation polls taken in mid-October 2009 found that, “Based on what [they]’ve heard or read,” between 87% and 88% of respondents believed Iran to be developing nuclear weapons.
In November 2009, during a private meeting between U.S. Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, Alexander Vershbow, and a number of senior Israeli defense officials in Israel, the head of Israel’s Defense Ministry Intelligence Analysis Production, Brigadier General Yossi Baidatz, “argued that it would take Iran one year to obtain a nuclear weapon and two and a half years to build an arsenal of three weapons.”
The Times (UK) reported on January 10, 2010 that retired Israeli brigadier-general and former director-general of Israel’s Atomic Energy Commission Uzi Eilam “believes it will probably take Iran seven years to make nuclear weapons,” despite the dire warnings from Major-General Amos Yadlin, head of Israeli military intelligence, who had recently told the Knesset defense committee that Iran would most likely be able to build a single nuclear device within the year.
In an interview with the U.S. military’s Voice of America on January 12, 2010, the director of the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency, Lieutenant General Ronald Burgess, said there was no evidence that Iran has made a final decision to build nuclear weapons and confirmed that the key NIE finding that Iran has not yet committed itself to nuclear weapons was still valid. “The bottom line assessments of the NIE still hold true,” he said. “We have not seen indication that the government has made the decision to move ahead with the program.”
Barack Obama, in his first State of the Union speech on January 27, 2010 claimed that Iran was “violating international agreements in pursuit of nuclear weapons.”
Speaking in Doha, Qatar on February 14, 2010, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton addressed, what she called, “Iran’s pursuit of nuclear weapons.” Although Clinton said that the United States was attempting to “influence the Iranian decision regarding whether or not to pursue a nuclear weapon,” she added that “the evidence is accumulating that that’s exactly what they are trying to do, which is deeply concerning, because it doesn’t directly threaten the United States, but it directly threatens a lot of our friends, allies, and partners here in this region and beyond.”
A CNN/Opinion Research Corporation poll, taken at the same time as Clinton’s Doha visit, revealed that 71% of Americans believed Iran already had nuclear weapons. Of those remaining respondents who didn’t think Iran already possessed a nuclear bomb, over 72% thought it either “very likely” or “somewhat likely” that “Iran will have nuclear weapons in the next few years.”
At an April 14, 2010 hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Lieutenant General Burgess, stated that Iran could develop a nuclear weapon within a year and in three years build one that could be deployed, despite having judged that Iran didn’t even have an active nuclear weapons program a mere four months earlier.
Perennial warmongers David Sanger and William Broad of the New York Times reported on May 31, 2010 that “Iran has now produced a stockpile of nuclear fuel that experts say would be enough, with further enrichment, to make two nuclear weapons.”
On June 11, 2010, U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates said that “Most people believe that the Iranians could not really have any nuclear weapons for at least another year or two. I would say the intelligence estimates range from one to three years.”
The U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill on June 24, 2010, introduced by Democratic Congressman Jim Costa of California, that “condemn[ed] the Government of Iran’s continued pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability and unconventional weapons and ballistic missile capabilities.”
CIA Director Leon Panetta said on June 27, 2010, Iran would need two years to prepare two tested and operational nuclear weapons. “We think they have enough low-enriched uranium for two weapons,” Panetta told Jake Tapper of ABC News, continuing to explain that Iran would require one year to enrich the material to weapon-grade levels and “another year to develop the kind of weapon delivery system in order to make that viable.”
On July 22, 2010, nearly a third of House Republicans signed onto a resolution which stated that “Iran continues its pursuit of nuclear weapons” and “express[ed] support for the State of Israel’s right to defend Israeli sovereignty, to protect the lives and safety of the Israeli people, and to use all means necessary to confront and eliminate nuclear threats posed by the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the use of military force if no other peaceful solution can be found within reasonable time to protect against such an immediate and existential threat to the State of Israel.”
On August 19, 2010, the New York Times quoted Gary Samore, President Obama’s top adviser on nuclear issues, as saying that the U.S. believes Iran has “roughly a year dash time” before it could convert nuclear material into a working weapon.
Following the release of the latest IAEA report on Iran’s nuclear facilities, The Telegraph declared that Iran was “on [the] brink of [a] nuclear weapon,” had “passed a crucial nuclear threshold,” and “could now go on to arm an atomic missile with relative ease.”
In his attention-grabbing September 2009 cover story for The Atlantic, entitled “The Point of No Return,” Israeli establishment mouthpiece Jeffrey Goldberg wrote that, according to Israeli intelligence estimates, “Iran is, at most, one to three years away from having a breakout nuclear capability (often understood to be the capacity to assemble more than one missile-ready nuclear device within about three months of deciding to do so).”
Joint Chiefs chairman Mullen, speaking in Bahrain on December 18, 2010, said, “From my perspective I see Iran continuing on this path to develop nuclear weapons, and I believe that that development and achieving that goal would be very destabilizing to the region.”
A week ago, on December 22, 2010, the great prognosticator Sarah Palin wrote in USA Today that “Iran continues to defy the international community in its drive to acquire nuclear weapons.”
Two days ago, December 29, 2010, Reuters quoted Israeli Deputy Prime Minister Moshe Yaalon as claiming Iran would soon have a nuclear weapon. “I don’t know if it will happen in 2011 or in 2012, but we are talking in terms of the next three years,” he said, adding that in terms of Iran’s nuclear time-line, “we cannot talk about a ‘point of no return.’ Iran does not currently have the ability to make a nuclear bomb on its own.”
And Just hours after this article was originally posted on December 29, United Press International published the findings of a new public opinion poll conducted by Angus-Reid. The poll found that 70% of respondents believe “the Government of Iran is attempting to develop nuclear weapons. Only 11 per cent of Americans do not believe that Iran is pursuing a nuclear program, while one-in-five (19%) are not sure.”
Despite all of these hysterical warnings, no evidence of an Iranian nuclear weapons program has ever been revealed. The IAEA has repeatedly found, through intensive, round-the-clock monitoring and inspection of Iran’s nuclear facilities – including numerous surprise visits to Iranian enrichment plants – that all of Iran’s centrifuges operate under IAEA safeguards and “continue to be operated as declared.”
As far back as 1991, then-Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Hans Blix, made it clear that there was “no cause for concern” regarding Iran’s attempts to acquire nuclear technology. Twelve years later, in an IAEA report from November 2003, the agency affirmed that “to date, there is no evidence that the previously undeclared nuclear material and activities referred to above were related to a nuclear weapons programme.” Furthermore, after extensive inspections of Iran’s nuclear facilities, the IAEA again concluded in its November 2004 report that “all the declared nuclear material in Iran has been accounted for, and therefore such material is not diverted to prohibited activities.”
During a press conference in Washington D.C. on October 27, 2007, IAEA Director-General El Baradei confirmed, “I have not received any information that there is a concrete active nuclear weapons program going on right now.” He continued, “Have we seen Iran having the nuclear material that can readily be used into a weapon? No. Have we seen an active weapons program? No.”
By May 2008, the IAEA still reported that it had found “no indication” that Iran has or ever did have a nuclear weapons program and affirmed that “The Agency has been able to continue to verify the non-diversion of declared nuclear material [to weaponization] in Iran.” On February 22, 2009, IAEA spokesperson Melissa Fleming even issued a statement clarifying the IAEA’s position regarding the flurry of deliberately misleading articles in the US and European press claiming that Iran had enriched enough uranium “to build a nuclear bomb.” The statement, among other things, declared that “No nuclear material could have been removed from the [Nantanz] facility without the Agency’s knowledge since the facility is subject to video surveillance and the nuclear material has been kept under seal.”
This assessment was reaffirmed in September 2009, in response to various media reports over the past few years claiming that Iran’s intent to build a nuclear bomb can be proven by information provided from a mysterious stolen laptop and a dubious, undated – and forged – two-page document. The IAEA stated, “With respect to a recent media report, the IAEA reiterates that it has no concrete proof that there is or has been a nuclear weapon programme in Iran.”
In his Annual Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community for the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, delivered on February 2, 2010, National Intelligence director Dennis Blair stated, “We continue to assess [that] Iran is keeping open the option to develop nuclear weapons in part by developing various nuclear capabilities that bring it closer to being able to produce such weapons, should it choose to do so. We do not know, however, if Iran will eventually decide to build nuclear weapons.”
In a Spring 2010 Unclassified Report to Congress on the Acquisition of Technology Related to Weapons of Mass Destruction, Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Analysis Peter Lavoy affirmed that “we do not know whether Iran will eventually decide to produce nuclear weapons.”
Speaking with Charlie Rose in November 2010, Blair once again reiterated that “Iran hasn’t made up its mind” whether or not to pursue nuclear weaponry. On November 28, 2010, a diplomatic cable made available by Wikileaks revealed that, in December 2009, senior Israeli Defense Ministry official Amos Gilad told Undersecretary of State Ellen Tauscher that “he was not sure Tehran had decided it wants a nuclear weapon.”
Back in October 2003, the San Francisco Chronicle quoted former IAEA weapons inspector David Albright as saying, with regard to new reports about a possible Iranian nuclear weapons program revealed by the MEK, “We should be very suspicious about what our leaders or the exile groups say about Iran’s nuclear capacity.”
Albright continued, “There is a drumbeat of allegations, but there’s not a whole lot of solid information. It may be that Iran has not made the decision to build nuclear weapons. We have to be very careful not to overstate the intelligence.”
It appears that nothing much has changed in the past seven years, let alone the previous three decades.
Whereas the new year will surely bring more lies and deception about Iran and its nuclear energy program, more doublespeak and duplicity regarding the threat Iran poses to the United States, to Israel and to U.S.-backed Arab dictatorships, and more warmongering and demonization from Zionist think tanks, right-wing and progressive pundits alike, the 112th Congress and the Obama administration, the truth is not on their side.
“Facts are stubborn things,” John Adams said in 1770. “And whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passion, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence.”
Here’s hoping that, in 2011, the facts will begin to matter.
A version of this post originally appeared on Nima Shirazi’s blog Wide Asleep in America.
Nima Shirazi is co-editor of the Iran, Iraq and Turkey pages for the online magazine Muftah. His political analysis can be found on his blog, WideAsleepinAmerica.com, where this post first appeared. Follow him on Twitter @WideAsleepNima.
Other posts by Nima Shirazi.
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5 Gram PAMP Suisse Gold Bar (In Assay)
About Gold Bars
Gold Bars are one of the most affordable ways to invest in gold. Since time immemorial, gold cast into bars has been traded worldwide and universally recognized as a reliable store of value. Today, gold bars sport some of the lowest premiums of any gold products publicly available. Monument Metals is pleased to offer a wide variety of sizes, measured in both grams and ounces, from the world’s most trusted sovereign mints and private manufacturers. Our brands include the Perth Mint of Australia, PAMP, the Royal Canadian Mint, Valcambi and Elemetal Mint.
About The Mints and Refineries
Monument Metals offers gold bars produced by both private refiners and sovereign mints. Private producers include Elemetal (USA) and PAMP (Switzerland). These well-respected private companies abide by the same strict, internationally-recognized quality and purity standards as the world’s national mints. Some of these sovereign mints, such as the Royal Canadian Mint (Canada) and the Perth Mint (Australia), produce gold bars in addition to bullion coins. Generally speaking, gold bars are strictly bullion items and do not possess any sort of legal tender face value, even if they are produced by a sovereign mint.
How Gold Bars Are Packaged
Virtually of the gold bars offered by Monument Metals are packaged “in assay.” This means the bar is sealed in a convenient and tamper-proof holder that displays the individual bar’s weight and purity. In addition, each bar possesses an individual certification number testifying to its authenticity. Gold bars that do not come in assay are securely packaged in foam or vacuum-sealed in mylar. Many of the larger bars that do not come in an assay package are still delivered with an assay certification.
Specifications of Gold Bars
Gold bars are manufactured in many different sizes, from one gram to one kilogram! Both metric (gram) and imperial (troy ounce) weights are available. In addition to information displayed on the assay packaging, the weight and purity is usually stamped directly onto the bar itself. The seal or logo of the manufacturer is usually present, as well. Some bars are available with more intricate and unique designs.
Why Buy Gold Bars?
Bars represent one of the most affordable ways of owning gold. The premiums over spot price on many gold bars are often the lowest of any gold product on the market today. In addition, gold bars are available in weights both small and large, allowing investors to build an investment in gold without breaking the bank. Most of the gold bars we offer come securely packaged in assay or with an assay certificate, giving buyers an added layer of security and ensuring easy tradability.
About PAMP
PAMP, short for Produits Artistiques Métaux Précieux, is a precious metals refining and fabricating company based in Switzerland. Its parent company is MKS (Switzerland) SA, one of the world’s largest traders of precious metals. The company was established in 1977 and, since its inception, has specialized in the production of bars weighing 100 grams or less. Its bars are known throughout the world for their superb quality standards and its distinctive Lady Fortuna design.
You're reviewing: 5 Gram PAMP Suisse Gold Bar (In Assay)
Product code: PA-BAR-Gold5Gram
1 - 9 $247.83 $257.12
10 - 24 $246.83 $256.08
25 + $245.83 $255.04
No Date
.9999 Fine Gold
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FlightSafety International Promotes David Davenport to Executive Vice President, Commercial
NEW YORK (January 5, 2015) – FlightSafety International announces that David Davenport has been promoted to Executive Vice President, Commercial.
“We are very pleased to promote David Davenport to Executive Vice President, Commercial,” said Bruce Whitman, President & CEO. “David has continuously made significant contributions to FlightSafety’s business and commercial aircraft training programs. Our Customers appreciate his in-depth understanding of their needs, and his commitment to provide the highest quality training and very best service. David’s experience, industry knowledge, proven business abilities and commitment to enhance safety will help to ensure our position as the world leader in aviation training.”
David’s responsibilities include management of the Sales, Marketing, and Operations organizations for FlightSafety’s business and commercial aircraft training. He joined FlightSafety in 1996 as Assistant Manager of the West Palm Beach Learning Center and then served as Director, CAA Training, at FlightSafety Academy prior to being named Assistant Manager of the Atlanta Center.
He became Manager of the Savannah Center in 2005 and assumed responsibility for FlightSafety’s Gulfstream aircraft training programs. David was promoted to Regional Operations Manager in 2008 and relocated to the company’s corporate offices in New York following his promotion to Vice President in 2012. David most recently served as Senior Vice President.
Prior to joining FlightSafety, David was Executive Director of the Florida Division of American Flyers and worked for Computervision Corporation as a Manufacturing Engineer.
David graduated from the United States Air Force Academy with a degree in business management. He served as a Squadron Operations Officer and member of the Squadron of the Year for two consecutive years. David piloted the Cessna T-37 and the supersonic Northrop T-38 jet aircraft through the U.S. Air Force Undergraduate Pilot Training program. He received the Knupius-Simpkins Award recipient for leadership, teamwork and operational excellence. David serves on the Board of Governors of the Wings Club and the Air Charter Safety Foundation. He is also a Director of the National Business Aviation Associate Member Advisory Council.
FlightSafety International is the world’s premier professional aviation training company and supplier of flight simulators, visual systems and displays to commercial, government and military organizations. The company provides more than a million hours of training each year to pilots, technicians and other aviation professionals from 167 countries and independent territories. FlightSafety operates the world’s largest fleet of advanced full flight simulators at Learning Centers and training locations in the United States, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, and the United Kingdom.
David Davenport
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Paul Hewett Appointed Manager of FlightSafety’s London Farnborough Training Center
LA GUARDIA AIRPORT, New York (April 3, 2006) – FlightSafety International announced today that Paul Hewett has been appointed Center Manager of the company’s London Farnborough Learning Center.
Hewett joined FlightSafety as Assistant Manager of FlightSafety’s new London Farnborough Center in 2004. He was instrumental in helping to prepare the facility to deliver safety-centered training on a wide range of business and commercial aircraft. The official opening of the Center was held in September 2005.
Paul replaces Rudy Toering who will now serve full time as FlightSafety’s Managing Director, Europe Business Development. Rudy will continue to work out the London Farnborough Center and support Paul during the transition.
“Paul’s 25 years of experience in Europe’s aviation industry and contribution to the start up and operation of the Farnborough Center made him the ideal choice for Center Manager.” said Bruce Whitman, President, FlightSafety International.
Prior to joining FlightSafety, Hewett was the Flight Department Manager and Chief Pilot for a division of the Motorola Company in Europe. He has held a number of management, pilot and instructor positions including 13 years with Electronic Data Systems. Hewett has multi engine FAA and CAA ratings, Bermuda certification and is type rated on several jet aircraft.
FlightSafety’s London Farnborough Training Center can accommodate up to 15 full flight simulators and has the capacity to train 3,800 aviation professionals annually. The 92,000 square foot facility offers 27 interactive classrooms, facilities for advanced technology training devices, 30 briefing rooms and customer service areas. The Farnborough Center currently offers training on aircraft manufactured by Bombardier, Cessna, Gulfstream, Raytheon and Saab.
FlightSafety International is the world’s premier aviation training organization. Over 75,000 pilots, technicians and other aviation professionals train at FlightSafety facilities each year. The company designs and manufactures full flight simulators for civil and military aircraft programs and operates the world’s largest fleet of advanced full flight simulators at over 40 training locations.
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Penn State Day celebration to be held Oct. 19 and 20
Penn State Beaver’s annual Penn State Day celebration will be held Oct. 19 and 20, with the following schedule:
Friday, Oct. 19
-- Blue and White Day on Campus
All students, faculty and staff are encouraged to wear blue and white and/or Penn State apparel.
-- Bonfire at Dusk
Behind Harmony Hall residence hall
Free s’mores and hot apple cider will be provided.
Saturday, Oct. 20
-- Admissions Open House, 9:30 a.m. - 1 p.m.
Prospective students will tour the campus, learn about academic programs, financial aid, and extracurricular activities and speak with current students.
-- Intramural Flag Football Championship Game, 10 a.m.
-- Campus Carnival, noon - 3:30 p.m.
Wellness Center lawn (gym in event of inclement weather)
The public is invited to enjoy inflatable games, cotton candy, kettle corn, and novelty attractions.
-- Cornhole Tournament, 3:30 - 5:30 p.m.
Intramural field by gym (gym in event of inclement weather)
-- Alumni vs. Men’s and Women’s Varsity Basketball Teams, 5:30 p.m.
Penn State Beaver alumni will take on the Beaver campus men’s varsity basketball team followed by the first-ever game against the women’s varsity team.
-- Blue and White Tailgate and Penn State Nittany Lions vs. Iowa Hawkeyes Football Game, 8 p.m.
Lobby, Harmony Hall residence hall
Free stadium foods will be offered before and during the game.
For information about the Open House, contact the Admissions Office at br-admissions@psu.edu or 1-877-JOIN-PSU. For information about other activities, contact the Office of Student Affairs at dxt24@psu.edu or 724-773-3951.
Last Updated October 05, 2012
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athletics, carnival, celebration, October 19, Penn State Day
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China formally arrests ex-Interpol chief
Chinese authorities have charged former Interpol president Meng Hongwei with accepting bribes (AFP Photo/)
China has formally arrested former Interpol chief Meng Hongwei on suspicion of accepting bribes, prosecutors announced Wednesday, as he faces possible corruption charges.
In a remarkable fall from grace, Meng -- who had also served as vice minister of public security -- vanished last September during a visit to China from France, where Interpol is based, and was later accused of accepting bribes.
Prosecutors "decided to arrest Meng Hongwei on suspicion of accepting bribes," the Supreme People's Procuratorate said in a brief statement.
It added that the case is being "further processed", an indication that he could soon be charged.
Meng has been expelled from the Communist Party and his official positions, as the powerful Public Security Ministry sought to distance itself from him.
The ministry said last month that Meng's "poisonous influence" had to be "thoroughly eliminated", and that it was investigating other party cadres involved in Meng's case.
Meng is part of a growing group of Communist Party cadres caught in President Xi Jinping's anti-graft campaign, which critics say has served as a way to remove the leader's political enemies.
Over one million officials have been punished so far during Xi's six-year tenure.
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Joe Carnahan quit 'Bad Boys 3' after clashing with Will Smith
Yahoo Movies UK April 23, 2019
Martin Lawrence and Will Smith in Bad Boys (Credit: Columbia Pictures)
After spending years as the archetypal on-again, off-again sequel, Bad Boys III – aka Bad Boys For Life – pulled itself from years in development hell and wrapped last week.
With Will Smith and Martin Lawrence back as detectives Mike Lowrey and Martin Burnett, it hopes to re-energise the movie franchise that gave director Michael Bay his big break.
It’s helmed by Belgian directors Adil El Arbi and Bilall Fallah, but at one time, The A-Team director Joe Carnahan was on board to both write and direct.
Read more: Will Smith thinks the Aladdin memes are ‘very funny’
He signed on in 2015, and even secured a release date, but after being delayed, he walked from the project in March, 2017, with ‘scheduling conflicts’ given as the reason.
But Carnahan, who made movies like The Grey and Narc, has now suggested that it was more to do with what Smith wanted from the movie.
He told Collider: “I love Will, he’s a great guy. I always say this, Harrison Ford, Tom Cruise, Will Smith – you find me a motherf**ker in the modern era that’s walked away from movies with those guys and is still working in some capacity.
“I just know myself. And I thought what we were doing at that point was the law of diminishing returns.
“I wasn’t servicing the story that I was really excited about telling, that the studio had greenlit.
“And again, this isn’t to throw shade at Will – it’s your face on the poster, it’s your name on the poster, you need to do things the way you want them done.”
Joe Carnahan (Credit: AP)
He goes on to say: “I’m telling you, the end of my original Bad Boys script is one of the best endings I’ve written in any movie.”
Read more: Will Smith won’t be in Suicide Squad 2
Carnahan still has a writing credit on Bad Boys 3, and his premise of Mike and Martin now over the hill but joined by a new team of young cops is all still central to the plot.
“There’s an ammo team, the kind of young go-getters like the 21 Jump Street kids, and there’s still the idea of these guys being kind of 50 and maybe over-the-hill… Like that kind of stuff. There’s still all that,” he added.
Also starring Paola Núñez, Jacob Scipio, Vanessa Hudgens, DJ Khaled and Joe Pantoliano, returning as Captain Howard, the movie is due for release in January, 2020.
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TheBlast
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Mexico suggests work visas for Central Americans, wants U.S. to do same
Reuters December 5, 2018
Mexico's new President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador holds a news conference at National Palace in Mexico City, Mexico December 3, 2018. REUTERS/Edgard Garrido
MEXICO CITY (Reuters) - Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador proposed on Wednesday offering more work visas for Central Americans and said the United States should do the same, part of a negotiation aimed at stemming the northward flow of migrants.
Lopez Obrador, who took office on Saturday, said he would discuss immigration with U.S. President Donald Trump in coming days, including increasing investment in southern Mexico and Central America.
"We are proposing investment in productive projects and in job creation, and not only that, also work visas for Mexico and for the United States," he told a news conference, saying he would give more details "soon."
Mexico and the United States have been in talks about how to manage the large groups moving through Mexico in caravans, with Lopez Obrador pushing for investment to address the poverty and crime that drive thousands of people every year from Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala.
Lopez Obrador, soon after being elected in July, sent a letter to Trump suggesting they work together to address the root causes of immigration.
"It is very important to us that we reach an investment agreement between companies and governments, to create jobs in Central America and our country," he said.
Lopez Obrador plans major infrastructure projects in the impoverished south of Mexico including his home state of Tabasco. He says those plans, including a refinery and two railways will provide jobs to Mexicans and Central Americans.
He did not reply when asked if his government was considering a U.S. proposal to return Central American asylum seekers to Mexican territory while U.S. courts processed their cases, saying only that their rights would be respected.
The arrival of several thousand Central Americans in Mexico's border city of Tijuana about a month ago prompted Trump to mobilize the U.S. Army to beef up border security, while restricting the number of asylum applications accepted per day.
While overall illegal immigration across the U.S.-Mexico border is much lower than it was 20 years ago, there are more Central Americans, families and asylum seekers than in the past.
Some migrants clambered over a tall fence to cross into the United States from Tijuana on Tuesday, hoping to speed their asylum applications by turning themselves over to U.S. Border Patrol officials.
(Reporting by Frank Jack Daniel, Writing by Daina Beth Solomon; Editing by Steve Orlofsky and Peter Cooney)
Trump: Progressive Democrats hate this country with a passion, they can leave if they want to
FOX News Videos
'Unconscionable working conditions': Sanders and Warren support Amazon Prime Day strike
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Northern California town of Paradise lost 90% of its population after Camp Fire, data shows
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Osaka 'dodged bullet' in Stuttgart as rival Halep pulls out
Japan's Naomi Osaka says she has "dodged a bullet" with the withdrawal of Simona Halep from the Stuttgart WTA event this week (AFP Photo/THOMAS KIENZLE)
Stuttgart (Germany) (AFP) - World number one Naomi Osaka said Tuesday she had "dodged a bullet" after Simona Halep, her main pursuer in the WTA rankings, pulled out of this week's tournament in Stuttgart.
Japanese rising star Osaka, 21, launches her clay season in Stuttgart this week, and her hopes of holding on to her spot at the top of the rankings were given a boost when world number two Halep withdrew with a hip injury earlier Tuesday.
"She was getting really close," said Osaka, who is less than 200 points ahead of Halep in the WTA rankings. "I feel like I dodged a bullet there."
Osaka said that winning was not everything in Stuttgart, where she last played as a qualifier in 2017.
"I don't want to overhype myself and say, 'I will win the tournament'," she insisted.
"I just want to have fun and experience the German crowd, because last time I was here, I was kind of a nobody."
She is definitely no longer a 'nobody', having won back-to-back Grand Slam titles in the United States and Australia since September.
However, she admitted finding it difficult to adjust to her newfound global fame.
"It is something that happened really quickly. In the beginning it was tough for me, because I put a lot of pressure on myself," she said.
"I feel like there is certain things, I should be doing, that I am not doing right now."
Osaka has not won a title since her Australian Open triumph in January, suffering early exits at three recent WTA tournaments.
She was reluctant to speak about her split with her German coach Sascha Bajin earlier this year.
"I feel like I get in trouble for answering questions like this. There were irreconcilable differences," she said.
Osaka said she hoped to get more used to playing on clay ahead of the French Open next month.
"I feel, that on every surface of the season I do have a lot more experience than on clay."
"The bounces are different and you have to swing for the ball. For me it is a little bit difficult, because I can´t hit as flat."
Osaka is expected to play her first game on Thursday, where she faces a potential clash with Taiwan's Hsieh Su-wei, who beat her in Miami last month.
- Kerber eyes Career Slam on clay -
Reigning Wimbledon champion Angelique Kerber, meanwhile, has recovered from illness in time to launch her clay season on home soil as she eyes a career Grand Slam in Paris this year.
Kerber has won every major except the French Open since 2016, but she has never got past the quarter-finals at Roland Garros.
"You know clay and me, you know the story," she told reporters with a smile on Monday.
"It’s a tough challenge (to win all four Grand Slam tournaments), but I will not put too much pressure on my side."
"Right now, I will focus on the tournaments ahead, and then when I'm in Paris, I will think about the Paris situation."
Kerber missed out on Germany's Fed Cup play-off win over Latvia last week after she picked up an illness earlier this month, but said on Tuesday that she had returned to full strength.
Halep's absence has given the German a little more breathing space.
Instead of playing a first-round match against Donna Vekic on Wednesday, Kerber gets a bye to the second round, where she faces a potential clash with compatriot Andrea Petkovic.
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Don’t Follow Netanyahu into War
Filed under: War — trp2011 @ 9:31 PM
Tags: anti-Semitism, Benjamin Netanyahu, diplomacy, Iran agreement, Israel, Matt Salmon, nuclear weapons, P5+1, Palestine, resolution of disapproval, Tom Cotton, treason
Thirty-three senators now support the President of the United States in agreeing to the Iran deal to keep the country from putting together nuclear weapons. To avoid an override of the proposed “resolution of disapproval” to stop the P5+1 agreement among seven countries of the world, President Obama needs one more senator to support the deal. Despite the tens of millions of dollars from anti-Iran deal groups advertising its dangers, a survey shows a majority of people in the U.S.—52 percent—want approval for the agreement. Nearly 7 in 10 Democrats support the deal that lifts some international sanctions against Iran in exchange for the country restricting its nuclear program for at least a decade. Six of 10 independents support the deal while almost 7 in 10 Republicans oppose the agreement.
Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX), who House Speaker John Boehner (R-OH) called a “jackass” in a public meeting last weekend, has invited another GOP presidential candidate, Donald Trump, to join him in opposing the Iran deal at a rally on Capitol Hill. Conservative talk show host Glenn Beck, considered too conservative by the ultra-conservative Fox network, will be at the September 9 event. Sen. Tom Cotton (R-AR) is continuing his possibly treasonous behavior by meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu yesterday and stating, “I will stand with Prime Minister Netanyahu and Israel.” He tweeted a photo of himself and the Israeli prime minister, writing: “Great meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Jerusalem to discuss our opposition to the #IranDeal.”
Last year, Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) worked against U.S. foreign policy during the migrant-children crisis. Other GOP lawmakers have also promised their allegiance to Israel. Five years ago, then-Rep. Eric Cantor (R-VA) promised Netanyahu that the new GOP majority in the house would “serve as a check” on the Obama administration. In 2006, Cantor is the same member of Congress who accused then-Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) of violating the Logan Act, “which makes it a felony for any American ‘without authority of the United States’ to communicate with a foreign government to influence that government’s behavior on any disputes with the United States.” Cantor’s accusation came after Pelosi’s meeting with Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad which she coordinated with Bush administration officials and where she included State Department personnel. Dick Cheney, the past vice-president who plans to attack President Obama at the September 9 rally, said of Pelosi, “The president is the one who conducts foreign policy, not the speaker of the House.”
Nine years ago, Al Gore criticized George W. Bush’s government “abuses” against Arabs after the 9/11 attacks when he spoke at a conference in Saudi Arabia. The conservative media attacked him, one claiming that Gore had committed “supreme disloyalty to his country.” Even worse to these writers was that his speech was “in front of an audience that does not vote in American elections” and “subversive … because of its location and its intended audience.” In 2007, John Bolton, the former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, insisted, “I would simply hope that people would understand that, under the Constitution, the president conducts foreign policy, not the speaker of the House.”
Now Republicans not only meet with foreign leaders to undermine the U.S. policy but also brag about doing it. Instead of being criminal, Cotton’s seditious behavior seems to be almost routine.
Netanyahu, the man who leads U.S. GOP congressional members, began his rise in 1996 after his opponent’s assassination. Fired up by the Oslo Accords, a peace process between Israelis and Palestinians, Israeli settlers elected Netanyahu to avoid diplomacy and stop a Palestinian state. War mongering Richard Perle, advisor to Netanyahu’s campaign, headed the committee to write the strategy calling for a stop to diplomacy with Palestine and control the neighborhood by undermining, subdividing, or destroying Iraq, Syria, and Iran. Thanks to George W. Bush, only one of these three countries can still block Israel’s destruction of Palestinians. Since Barack Obama’s first election as president, Netanyahu has fought him with political assaults, international incidents, speeches to the U.S. Congress and the UN, and stories about the president’s lack of support for Israel.
The prime minister, who depicts Iran as a military aggressor, was close to attacking Iran three separate occasions between 2010 and 2012, the last of the three in an attempt to defeat President Obama for a second term. Fortunately, even far-right cabinet ministers or the military chief of staff blocked him.
Iran has not attacked another country in a conventional war in modern history. In contrast, Israel has a history of aggression in just a half century including preemptive wars in 1956, 1967, 1982, 2009 and 2014. The 1982 Israeli attack on Lebanon led to an 18-year occupation of ten percent of Lebanon. Lebanese Shiites formed Hezbollah to resist Israeli oppression, but Iran’s support is considered by the U.S. and Israel as “support for terrorism.” U.S. and Israeli support for the Israeli illegal invasion and occupation is considered standard operating procedure.
Israel has several hundred nuclear warheads, whereas Iran has none, but Iran has been sanctioned for its civilian nuclear enrichment program for generating electricity. No one knows how many nuclear weapons are located in Israel because it refuses to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Netanyahu has consistently refused to broker peace with the Palestinians and forced out officials, such as Meir Dagan, head of the Israeli spying agency Mossad; the chief of staff; and the head of domestic intelligence. Netanyahu spread fear throughout the world by grossly exaggerating Iran’s threat, according to Dagan.
Netanyahu badly needs a GOP president because a Democratic one might not veto UN sanctions against Israel for failing to follow international law. Israel has violated many UN Security Council resolutions through its treatment of the stateless Palestinians, the status of Jerusalem, etc. Iran’s economy has been badly damaged by UNSC sanctions while Israel has not received any punishment thus far because the U.S. has vetoed sanctions against Israel, regardless of the cases’ merits. If the U.S. administration no longer exercises its veto, Israel could be forced into making peace.
Israel is also afraid of the UN recognizing Palestine, which has already been granted non-member observer state status by the General Assembly. Palestine has signed the treaties and instruments necessary to joining the International Criminal Court and gaining standing to sue Israel over its creeping annexation of Palestinian territory beyond the generally recognized 1949 armistice lines. The Rome Statute of 2002 under which the International Criminal Court operates, forbids colonization of other people’s territory. Israel could lose if Palestine sues.
The vast majority of Israel’s defense and security establishment support the Iran agreement, but Netanyahu has put them under a gag order. In a recent article for The Daily Jewish Forward, J.J. Goldberg wrote, “As unanimous as the politicians are in backing the prime minister, the generals and spymasters are nearly as unanimous in questioning him. Generals publicly backing Netanyahu can be counted on—well–one finger.” The U.S. media has avoided providing information that is well-known in the Israeli press and in a U.S. Jewish paper.
Republicans are so eager to spread propaganda against the Iran deal that Rep. Matt Salmon (R-AZ) is terrifying second and third graders in Gilbert (AZ). He was supposed to talk to them about how bills became laws, but he moved into his opposition to the Iran agreement. According to parent Scott Campbell, Salmon explained the situation in Iran and then asked the children such questions as “Do you know what a nuclear weapon is? Do you know that there are schools that train children your age to be suicide bombers?” Campbell’s daughter told her father that she didn’t know what suicide is and that she is very afraid. Salmon’s office said the congressman’s remarks weren’t any more shocking than the local news.
Israel wants the United States to attack Iran, the Republicans want to destroy the Democrats, and the people of the U.S. are the ones left to suffer the economic and human losses that result from Israel’s determination to dominate the world. People who oppose Israeli positions are accused of being anti-Semitic. Anti-Semitism is NOT criticizing Israelis for what they do, such as defying more UN resolutions than Iraq, spying on P5+1 negotiations and then leaking the information, committing war crimes, rejecting politicians for their loyalty to a foreign power, and trying to get the United States to go to war just to benefit Israel.
Sen. Barbara Mikulski , Maryland democrat is 34th senator to endorse Iran deal.
Comment by Gronda Morin — September 2, 2015 @ 8:22 AM | Reply
Israel’s prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was a proponent of the U.S entering into war in Iraq in 2001. He has been urging military action with Iran for over 25 years claiming that their development of nuclear weaponry was imminent. Their former director of Mossad, Efraim Halevy has come out in favor of the Iran Nuclear Agreement. General Uzi Eilam, the former head of the Israeli Atomic Energy Commission, a highly regarded general, is also in favor of the deal. Professor Itsik Ben Yisrael, who was head of R&D of the Israeli defense establishment for many years, an air force general is in favor of the deal. These men are no longer under the thumb of PM Netanyahu which means they can speak out on what they believe to be true.
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Home/Celebrity Net Worth/Actors/Jakub Blaszczykowski Net Worth
Jakub Blaszczykowski Net Worth
Jakub Blaszczykowski Net Worth 2019: Wiki Biography, Married, Family, Measurements, Height, Salary, Relationships
Jakub Blaszczykowski net worth is
Jakub Blaszczykowski Wiki Biography
Juan Manuel Mata García, commonly known as Juan Mata (Spanish pronunciation: [xwam ˈmata]; born 28 April 1988), is a Spanish footballer who plays for English club Manchester United and the Spain national team. He plays primarily as an attacking midfielder but can also play as a winger.A graduate of Real Madrid's youth academy, Mata played for Real Madrid Castilla in 2006–07, before joining Valencia in 2007–08. He became an integral part of the club's midfield, making 174 appearances over the course of four seasons. In August 2011, Mata signed for English Premier League club Chelsea for a fee believed to be in the region of €28 million, and in his debut season was part of the team that won the UEFA Champions League and the FA Cup. The following year, Chelsea won the UEFA Europa League, making Mata and team-mate Fernando Torres the first players to hold the Champions League, Europa League, World Cup, and the European Championships simultaneously. After falling out of favour at Chelsea under José Mourinho, Mata was sold to Manchester United in January 2014 for a fee of £37.1 million.Mata is a Spanish international, having represented Spain at under-16, under-17, under-19, under-20, under-21, Olympic, and senior levels. He played for the under-20 side in the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup. In June 2009, Mata was included for the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup, his first senior tournament. On 9 September 2009, Mata scored his first goal for the senior team, against Estonia, securing the nation a place in the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, and was part of Spain's 2010 FIFA World Cup-winning squad. In 2011, he went back to playing in the under-21 side, helping Spain win the 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship in Denmark. He won the Golden Player award and was part of the Team of the Tournament.
Full Name Jakub Błaszczykowski
Place Of Birth Ocón de Villafranca, Burgos, Spain
Height 1.7
Profession Soccer Player
Education Jan Długosz University
Spouse Agata Gołaszewska
Children Oliwia Blaszczykowska, Lena Blaszczykowska
Parents Anna Blaszczykowska, Zygmunt Blaszczykowski
Siblings Dawid Błaszczykowski
Facebook http://www.facebook.com/KubaBlaszczykowski
IMDB http://imdb.com/name/nm5129218
Nominations Plebiscite of Przegląd Sportowy
Euro 2012: The Score 2012 Documentary short Himself
2012 UEFA European Football Championship 2012 TV Series Himself - Poland
$20 million 1.7 1988-04-28 Actor Burgos Jakub Blaszczykowski Jakub Blaszczykowski Net Worth Ocón de Villafranca Spain
Andy Garcia Net Worth
Kofi Siriboe Net Worth
Mike Colter Net Worth
Shelley Carbone Net Worth
Troy Tulowitzki Net Worth
Dick Van Patten Net Worth
Jansen Panettiere Net Worth
Craig Robinson Net Worth
Paul Orfalea Net Worth
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The Caseworker
by Tom Ray
After Warner got his Sam Adams and I got my martini, he said, “Wow, Izetta, this is like when we used to go out after work with Rob and Jeanine and all those guys.” I’d invited him out for a drink after work.
“Yeah. Good times. Hey, Warner, I need to tell you something. If the Congressman or Art knew I told you I’d be in real trouble. OK?” The Congressman was our boss, Representative Anthony J. “Tony” Healy, Democrat from New Jersey. Art Murtaugh was the Congressman’s chief of staff. “The office” was a suite in the Rayburn House Office Building on Capitol Hill. I was the Congressman’s receptionist/appointment secretary. Warner was a caseworker.
He said, “You know I can keep a secret.”
“You know Walter Albertson?”
“The guy with the big O-ring factory? Yeah. I know of him.”
“He’s got a grandson who needs a job.”
“I thought the staff budget was already maxed out.”
“They’ll have to let somebody go?”
“I’m afraid so.”
“Madison said something the other day about somebody new coming in. Boy, she gets the intel on everything in the office.” Madison was a legislative assistant in the office. She’d been having an affair with the Congressman for several months, which Warner hadn’t figured out yet. “So, who will they fire?”
“They haven’t decided for sure, but it doesn’t look good for you.”
“They said that?” He looked like he was about to cry. I had an urge to cradle him in my arms. That would have looked absurd in the Capitol Hill Bullfeathers, a bony old guy with shaggy gray hair and beetle brows being cuddled by a plumpish, middle-aged woman, so I managed to fight the urge.
“It’s not final,” I said, “and it won’t happen right away. You have time to find a new job.”
“You’re right,” he said. “No need to panic. I’ve had to go knocking on doors before.” He briefly put on his in-charge guy face, but quickly sagged back into discouragement.
“Exactly,” I said. “Just buckle down, you’ll find something.”
I knew Warner too well to believe what I was saying, but I’d done all I could for him. I didn’t owe him anything, but when I first went to work for Congressman Dunwoody on Capitol Hill, fresh out of the Washington School for Secretaries, Warner treated me decently. He’d been in Dunwoody’s office for a few years before me as a legislative assistant, fresh out of Virginia Tech with a degree in political science. Some of the guys in the office thought they had a right to hit on young clerks like me. I could fend those guys off, but I was uncomfortable around them. Warner always talked to me like we were equals, and never came on to me. He would flirt in a non-threatening way, but I could tell he wasn’t really trying to intimidate me into bed. We never dated or anything, but I always felt like we were friends.
I went from being a clerk for Dunwoody, to being a secretary in another office, and finally worked my way into being a receptionist/appointment secretary for several different Congressmen, concluding with Healy. I answered the Congressman’s phone, and made his appointments. I had to know which callers were big campaign contributors and got put straight through to the Congressman immediately, and which ones I should palm off on a staffer.
While I was moving up in my career, Warner stayed a legislative assistant for various Congressmen, keeping track of bills, advising the Congressman on which ones to support, advising on bills the Congressman might introduce, drafting “Dear Colleague” letters for the Congressman to send to other Congressmen to ask for their support on the Congressman’s bills, and responding to constituents who wrote in expressing support or opposition to a bill. As an LA he also got into “constituent service” on complex issues that required knowledge and expertise beyond the routine constituent request for help.
Unfortunately, Warner didn’t remain stationary in his career path. All of a sudden one day he was out of a job. He couldn’t find a legislative assistant job, but I did manage to get him on in my office as a caseworker.
Caseworkers handle the requests that are monumental to the constituent, but routine to a Member of Congress. The cases require form letters to be sent to an Executive Branch agency (to the Social Security Administration for Social Security benefits, Medicare, and Medicaid; Department of Veteran Affairs for veteran benefits; IRS for tax problems; and so on). The agency sends back a form letter, and the caseworker slaps a form letter on it, sending it to the constituent with the Congressman’s machine-generated autograph. It’s important work, the bread and butter of constituent service that helps the Congressman get re-elected. But it doesn’t require a lot of expertise. It was a step down for Warner, but he just needed a few more years to be able to retire comfortably.
A week after I had a drink with Warner at Bullfeathers I was going over the calendar, making sure everything was lined up for the day. Ryan Bancroft, a young legislative assistant, was missing. Paul Floreno, a constituent from back in the district was having a problem with the National Park Service over a maintenance contract. Ryan had arranged for a meeting in our office with a representative from the Park Service regional office. Floreno probably hoped the Congressman would convince the Park Service to extend his contract. The way it would actually work was that the Congressman would make a token appearance. Ryan would be the one to sit through the entire meeting, and wrap things up at the end in a way that would leave the constituent feeling that the Congressman had done something for him.
Ryan had to brief the Congressman, in preparation for a get-acquainted meeting with Floreno at one-thirty. After the get-acquainted meeting Ryan would sit down with Floreno to go over the case in detail before the Park Service guy showed up. I just wanted to make sure Ryan remembered to be there to brief the Congressman and take care of the rest of it. I hadn’t seen him yet, and he wasn’t at his desk.
When Madison came up to see me about something else I said, “Where’s your boyfriend Ryan today?” She knew I was joking; she’d let me know before she didn’t care for him.
“He’s supposed to meet with somebody today from the Park Service, right? I think the case has him buffaloed, and he doesn’t want to deal with the constituent or the Park Service. You can expect him to come in tomorrow with a note from his mother saying little Ryan had the sniffles today.” She wrinkled her nose in a cute little expression that matched the sarcasm in her voice. I could see how those big brown eyes, athletic little body, and stylish dressing matched with her sharp wit could attract a guy like the Congressman, or most other guys for all that goes. I looked like her once, thirty years and forty pounds ago. She probably knew I didn’t approve of her shacking up with the boss, but she must have also known that I respected her. We had a good rapport, and I could trust her to be straight with me about colleagues like Ryan.
“If you see him, tell him I’m looking for him.” It was pointless for me to say that. I’d already emailed him, left him voice mail, and put a note on his desk.
At nine o’clock I told Art the problem. We both expected Ryan to show up, but there had to be a backup plan. “Who else can cover it? I have that meeting with the caucus staff at two,” Art said. We went over the calendar of each legislative assistant, and none of them could be spared.
“Can you think of anything else we can do to run Ryan down?” Art was a redhead, whose normally pale skin flushed under the freckles when he was stressed, and he was starting to turn pink.
“Somebody could drive to Falls Church and bang on his door. Of course, if he’s not home, that’s time wasted.”
“No way to postpone the meeting?”
“Floreno must be on Amtrak or I-95 right now.”
“The only other thing I can think of is have Warner take the meeting.”
“Warner Nelson.”
“Jeez. A caseworker.”
“He was a legislative assistant for Otto Hausner for years. He knows something about contracting.” I didn’t know whether he knew anything about contracting, but figured he could bluff his way through it. I didn’t suggest this as a favor to Warner. I really thought he was our best hope of covering the meeting if Ryan didn’t show up.
“How’d he wind up a caseworker?”
“When Hausner lost in the primary to the Tea Partyer Warner didn’t start looking for a new job right away, thinking the Tea Partyer would just hire Otto’s old staff. Didn’t happen. By the time Warner finally started looking for a job our caseworker slot was the best he could get.”
“Let Warner see the file, then send him in to talk to me. Just in case Ryan doesn’t turn up.”
A few minutes later Warner walked into Art’s office clutching the file under his arm like a fourth-grader clutching his notebook. He was wearing his adult face, though, and he came out a few minutes later saying, “Don’t worry, Art. I’ve got this.” He winked at me as he passed my desk on his way back to the staff area.
At lunchtime he came back from the snack bar with a bag of Doritos, a Coke, and one of those sandwiches packaged in a white plastic triangle. He gave me a quick smile. “It’s good to be working something besides Social Security cases again. I worked procurement reform for Otto, you know.”
Still, he looked worried. “I can’t follow what’s going on with this contract. Floreno performed well on the contract for several years, and was low bid on the renewal. Yet they’re giving the new contract to some outfit from California. And Ryan’s been dealing with the program manager, and the program manager is the one coming to the meeting. The contracting officer should be the one explaining why they didn’t give the award to Floreno. What’s with this program manager?” I had no idea what he was talking about, and just shrugged.
“Any sign of Ryan?”
I shook my head no. “You’ll be fine. You’ve handled lots of meeting like this for Otto, haven’t you?”
“Yeah.” He said it vaguely, uncertainly, and drifted on back to the office.
A little after one Art and Warner went into the Congressman’s office for the prep session. At one-fifteen a man in his late thirties, with thick, dark hair in a brush cut came in the front door. He had the stocky build of an ex-football player, just starting to develop a paunch. He wore a sport coat in a subdued green plaid, a yellow pinstriped shirt, and cordovan loafers. He said, “I’m Paul Floreno. I have an appointment with Tony.” His voice was husky, with a strong New Jersey accent.
I offered him a seat, tapped softly on the Congressman’s door, and walked in, closing the door behind me so Floreno wouldn’t hear us.
“Mr. Floreno is here for your one-thirty.”
“Damn, he’s early. OK, Izetta, I’ll be out in a couple of minutes.” Tony, as we called the Congressman behind his back, didn’t like spending a lot of time with the constituents in these meetings.
I went back to my desk, and said, “The Congressman will be with you shortly.”
Tony came out ten minutes later. He was tall and handsome in his tailored, conservative blue suit with a white shirt and light blue tie. His dark hair with a few flecks of gray made him look mature, but not old. His straight, white teeth contrasted nicely with his lightly tanned, almost unwrinkled, skin.
He led Floreno into his office, where Art and Warner were still waiting. Ten minutes later they all came out, Tony saying, “Warner will get you ready to take on these Park Service guys,” and went back into his office.
Warner said, “This way, sir,” and led Floreno into the corridor. His little caseworker cubicle wasn’t big enough for both him and Floreno.
“How’d it go?” I asked Art after they’d gone.
“I don’t know. Warner was more confident when I talked to him this morning. He asked Paul some good questions just now, but was tentative. Paul didn’t like that, I could tell. We’ll have to play it as it lays. I wonder where he’s taking him.”
“Maybe the cafeteria.”
“Jesus. Ryan better have a good excuse for not being here.” He retired to his office, then left in a few minutes for his two o’clock meeting.
At two-fifteen Warner brought Floreno back, and I ushered them into Tony’s office. Shortly after that a man came in and introduced himself as Dalton Goforth, program manager in the Park Service’s regional office. He had a football player’s build similar to Paul Floreno’s, but he was at least twenty years older. His gut was bigger, his face was fatter, and his hair was thinner, although he still had enough to make a flat top. He wore a dark blue sport coat and tan slacks. After he was seated I went into Tony’s office and announced him. Tony said, “Show him in,” which I did.
I left the door opened slightly and stood just outside. After the introductions Floreno and Goforth started sniping at each other. At an opportune moment Tony interrupted with his standard speech about his support for small business. As he wound up the speech I tapped on the door, entered, and said, “The chairman is calling. They’re starting ahead of schedule and need you right away.”
Tony gave an Oscar-winning frown and said, “I’m sorry, gentlemen, but I have to make this meeting. I’ll return as soon as I can.” He could have been late for the meeting if he’d chosen to, even if it really were starting early; he knew the chairman hadn’t called, of course.
After forty-five minutes Art came back from his meeting with the caucus staff.
“How’s it going in there?”
“I don’t know,” I said. “I hear raised voices every now and then, but I can’t make out the words. Tony left a while ago.”
Art went in to the meeting. A few minutes later Greg Dorgan, Director of Legislative Affairs for the Department of Interior, called, asking for Ryan.
“I’m sorry, Mr. Bancroft isn’t available, could someone else help you?”
“Who’s the chief of staff there?”
“That’s Mr. Murtaugh. He’s also unavailable.”
“The reason I’m calling is I understand one of our people from the Park Service office in New Jersey is coming down for a meeting with Mr. Bancroft.”
“Yes. He’s here now.”
“Is that where Bancroft is?”
“No. Mr. Murtaugh and Mr. Nelson are taking the meeting.”
“Shoot. Our folks aren’t supposed to meet with any Hill staff without clearing it through here first. Could you do me a big favor and interrupt the meeting so I can talk to Murtaugh?”
“I’ll pass him a note, and he’ll call you back if he can.”
As I entered the room Goforth was shouting, “I was a maintenance manager in private industry for twenty-three years, and I know giving contracts to inexperienced companies like yours is fraud, waste, and abuse.”
Floreno came back, “I held that contract for three years, with no complaints, and our performance exceeded the standard. The old program manager gave us awards for being a gold star contractor. You’re a crook, giving business to your buddies.”
Neither one of them seemed to notice me as I walked in and handed the note to Art. He studied it as Floreno and Goforth kept going at it. He handed the note to Warner, subtly motioning to the door with his head. Warner followed me out as the shouting continued.
In the reception area he said, “What’s this?”
“Dorgan says Goforth hasn’t been cleared to come down here and meet with us. He sounded pretty upset. Call him back and see what he wants to do.”
He disappeared into the backroom. The raised voices of Floreno and Goforth continued coming from the Congressman’s office. In a few minutes Warner walked back through the reception area and back into the meeting. It got quiet behind the closed door, then they all came out.
“I’ll escort you all to the exit,” Warner said. “This darn Rayburn Building’s a maze if you’re not used to it.”
Warner’s tone was light and chatty, but Goforth kept his jaw clamped shut, frowning ferociously. Floreno said, with a satisfied smirk, “I want to talk to Tony before I go.” Art invited him into his office.
Warner and Goforth had just left when the Congressman walked in. I said, “Floreno’s in Art’s office.” He looked concern until I added, “I think it went OK.” His face immediately shifted into his photo-op smile as he opened Art’s door.
“How’d it go gentlemen?”
You could have heard Floreno in the hall. “Hey, Tony. You wouldn’t believe it. It went great.”
“Come on into my office and tell me about it.”
They were in the Congressman’s office when Warner came back from his escort duty. “I can’t believe it,” he said, smiling. “It worked out so well.” Then his smile faded. “I think that guy Goforth is pissed, though.”
At that moment the Congressman’s office disgorged Tony, Art, and Floreno.
“There he is.” Floreno gave a wheezy, smoker’s laugh as he grasped Warner’s shoulder with one fat hand and shook Warner’s hand with the other. “I can’t believe this guy, Tony. He had me down in the cafeteria asking all kinds of questions, all kinds of technical stuff, I don’t know what the hell he’s talking about. Then back up here, after you left the meeting, Goforth was blowing him off right and left, just saying to hell with all of you. Then in the middle of the meeting Warner just gets up and walks out. I’m goin’ toe-to-toe with Goforth, and I’m thinking, ‘This guy’s bailing on me,’ then five minutes later he comes back and says, ‘I just got off the phone with Interior. Stop work on the new contract and extend Floreno’s contract one month. Now get the hell downtown to your headquarters and talk to Mr. So-and-so.’ I thought Goforth was going to,” at this point he eyed me, and I appreciated his delicacy in not saying “shit,” finally settling on, “well, I don’t know, but I thought Goforth was going to do something.”
Tony said, “I don’t pay Warner to be flashy, but to bring home the bacon. I knew he’d get it done.”
They were all laughing like schoolboys who’d just tipped over an outhouse, although Warner seemed a little embarrassed. “Well, keep in mind, Interior didn’t say they’re going to definitely renew your contract for the entire year. They want to review the award of the new contract, because they think there may have been some missteps. But I’m hopeful they’ll overturn the new award and give it to you. Your bid was lower, and you’ve had a good performance record.”
“I understand. But you’ve already gotten us more than we’ve been able to get after arguing with those jerks for months. You guys are great.”
They talked some more, then Warner escorted Floreno to the Independence Avenue exit. Art went in with the Congressman for a few minutes. When he came out he headed into his office, saying, “Tell Warner to come see me when he gets back.”
When Warner returned he spent a couple of minutes in with Art. When he came out he winked at me and said, “Can I buy you a drink after work?” I said sure.
Back at Bullfeathers he took a long drink of his beer before he looked at me and said, “I bet you had something to do with me getting that assignment.”
“I might have.”
“Thanks Izetta. You’ve saved me. I guess I’m off the hook now, aren’t I?”
“I hoped this might get you off the hook, but I’m afraid it hasn’t.”
“Did you notice who called you in to talk after you came back from escorting Floreno?”
“Sure. Art, my boss.”
“Did you notice who didn’t call you in?”
“No. What do you mean?”
“Tony. The Congressman.”
“Well, he’s busy. I’m sure he would’ve called me in if he’d had the time.”
“Look, Warner, I keep his calendar. He could’ve spared a couple of minutes to pat you on the back. If he’d changed his mind about letting you go he’d have congratulated you himself. At least he has the decency to be ashamed to do it, knowing he’s going to fire you in a few weeks.”
He slumped in his seat, his brow furrowed. “Gee, I thought I did a pretty good job today. I’ll admit, there was a lot of luck. Interior had already decided to hold up the new award and extend Floreno’s contract temporarily before they called us, but Floreno didn’t know that. I didn’t talk to Goforth like he said. I was very diplomatic, but obviously Floreno liked the message I carried.”
“That’s not the way things work. I finally got hold of Ryan. He claimed to have the flu, but sounded healthy. He was just stumped by the case, and didn’t want to face Floreno and Goforth. But he’s young and cocky, and impresses them more than you. They’ll forget about him dropping the ball today, since Floreno’s happy. I don’t think they’ve changed their minds about letting you go. Have you been putting out feelers?”
“Not really. I wanted to be sure the Congressman was going to do it before I put myself out there.”
“You really ought to be talking to your contacts now.”
His eyes glazed over. I don’t know if it was denial, or a lack of cognitive ability, but he wasn’t following me.
“Yeah. I guess you’re right.” He said it without conviction.
A few weeks later they dropped the hammer on him. The Albertson kid had finished a tour of Europe and was ready to start drawing a government check. At quitting time Art called Warner in, and afterward Warner came out in a daze.
I helped him pack. He was riding the Metro, so he could only take one box with him that day. I said, “When you come in tomorrow to pick up the rest of your boxes, drop off your resume at the House personnel office.”
I called him a couple of times in the following weeks. He’d dropped off his resume, but wasn’t getting any queries through the personnel office. As for networking, his old friends other than me were retired or dead, and he hadn’t made of lot of new friends. Roy Albertson, the O-ring king’s grandson, couldn’t carry the workload as well as Warner, but the other caseworkers just had to work harder. Aside from that, nobody in the office seemed to miss Warner.
One day the Congressman was back in New Jersey, and Art, Madison, and I, were the last ones in the office. I shut down my PC, said good-bye to Art, and left. I was halfway to the Capitol South Metro station on First Street when the Congressman called.
“Hi, Izetta. I got done early. The train’s just leaving Baltimore. Could you have somebody pick me up? Nobody answered the office phone.”
“Sure thing, boss.” It would have been nice if he’d let me know in advance he’d be needing a pickup a day early. It‘s the kind of thing you put up with on a Congressional staff.
I called Art, and then Madison, and their office phones and cell phones all went straight to voice mail. Really aggravated, I walked back to the office, retrieved Tony’s car keys from his desk drawer, and then went down to his car in the Rayburn Building’s basement garage.
When Tony came out of Union Station he said, “I knew most everybody would be gone by now, Izetta, but I thought Art might still be at the office.”
“You caught me on my way to the Metro. When I left the office Art was still there. He must have just left.”
“Let’s go on back to the garage. Art was picking up a suit for me at the cleaners, and I want to wear it tomorrow.”
I drove back and went upstairs with Tony to pick up the bag of crap I carry to the office every day. I’d left it in the office when I picked up Tony’s car keys. I was just walking out the door when he said, “Art didn’t hang the suit in my office. Could it be in his office?”
“I think I saw him with some dry cleaning today. It’s probably in there.”
Tony only had the keys to the front door and to his private office, so I had to let him into Art’s office. As I pushed Art’s door open, with Tony right behind me, I heard gasps. I averted my eyes in time to avoid more than a momentary glance at human flesh enmeshed on the couch. I started to pull the door shut, but Tony pushed it open again and went in. A woman exclaimed, “Oh!” then Tony said, “You fuckin’ bitch! You son of a bitch!” I recognized Madison’s voice saying, “Oh, stop it, Tony!” but she shut up after that.
I stood at my desk, not wanting to see what was going on in Art’s office in case I was called to testify. Within a minute Madison came out, with her slacks on but not zipped or buttoned, managing to pull her cashmere cardigan on over her silk tank top while holding her panties in one hand.
She looked a little embarrassed, but not scared, and rolled her eyes at me as if to say, “Men!” as she headed into the staff area, slamming the door behind her.
Tony kept on, “You disloyal, little chicken shit son of a bitch!” etc., interrupted with stuff like, “But Tony,” and “Don’t do anything rash, Tony.”
Madison emerged from the staff area in a couple of minutes fully clothed, carrying her oversized shoulder bag and her briefcase. She walked out the front door without looking at me or saying anything. Art came out of his office with all of his clothes on, except his shirttail was showing under his sport coat, his wingtips weren’t tied, some of the buttons on his shirt weren’t buttoned, his shirt collar was turned up, and his tie wasn’t tied. He was blushing under his freckles. As Art went out the front door Tony yelled at me, “Call security and ban them from the building!”
Tony went into his own office, leaving the door open. I gave him a minute and then went in. “I’m sorry Congressman. This is terrible. I’m so sorry.”
“It’s OK, Izetta. It’s not your fault.”
“You need to regroup. To start with, you have to call Madison.”
“Why should I call that bitch?”
“You have to tell her she can’t work here any more, but you’ll give her a good reference, and even help her find a job, if she needs any help.”
“She has too much on you.”
“She hasn’t got anything on me. What’s she going to do? Report me to the Ethics Committee for interrupting her screwing my chief of staff?”
“She can go to Angela.” Angela being Tony’s wife.
His eyes narrowed. “What’s Angela got to do with this?”
“She’ll tell Angela you’ve been having an affair. Or she could tell the Ethics Committee, or the press.”
“Did she tell you she’s been having an affair with me?”
“Cut the shit, Tony. It didn’t take a mind reader to figure it out. Hopefully nobody outside of this office knows, but if she thinks you’re leaving her out at sea she’ll let the world know.”
I’d never talked to him like that before. He sat quietly for a minute, then said, “OK, thanks, Izetta. Let me stew about this a little.”
I went back to Madison’s desk. She’d managed to clean it out of any personal effects. Art hadn’t been able to take anything out of his office, of course. Nothing was broken.
When I came out of Art’s office I could hear Tony on the phone. “We must terminate our relationship. However, I trust your discretion, and don’t want to cause you any unnecessary trouble….” He softened as he went on. “…Well, you hurt me. I don’t understand how you could betray me like that…. Well, yeah, I’m sure I must mean something to you…. You meant a lot to me. Mean a lot to me….” He wound up promising to help her get a job.
After he hung up I waited a few minutes, then went in to say goodnight.
“Have you called security yet?” He said it calmly, like somebody going over a routine to-do list.
“No. I thought I’d let you think about that. I’ll do the paperwork tomorrow to terminate them. Banning them from the building will raise the profile of this mess. Art won’t jeopardize his marriage, so he’ll keep quiet. Just fire him, and let the thing die out.”
“You’re right. Let’s do that. And tomorrow I have to decide who to promote to be chief of staff. Or acting chief of staff, until I get a permanent solution.”
The next morning I gave Tony a roster of the legislative assistants. After a few minutes he called me in. “These names on paper don’t mean much to me. Walk through the staff area with me, to take notes, or just advise me as need be.”
As we entered the staff area, Tony leading the way and me following with my steno pad, two bad things happened. First, Eli Wunderlich, the young legislative assistant in the first cubicle, was turning his head to tell his joke to the entire room. He didn’t see us, and the people in the other cubicles couldn’t see us over their partitions. His joke being, “I heard Madison say that Tony was OK, but screwing is really more Art than science.” Second, the room exploded into a burst of laughter. It was a silly joke, and they were laughing more out of disrespect for Tony than at Eli’s wit.
Tony turned around, glaring like he had the night before. I stepped aside to let him pass, then followed him out. The last thing I saw in the staff area was the panic on Eli’s face as he saw the Congressman an instant too late.
Tony sat with his elbows on his desk, his hands clasped in front of his face. “I should fire every one of those little shits.”
“I wouldn’t blame you if you did, Congressman, but that’s for later. Right now you have to hold the staff together.”
“Well, I’m not going to promote any of those sons of bitches. Where can I get a new chief of staff? I need one like right now.”
“How about somebody from one of your district offices?”
“They were all offered jobs here when I first got elected. They don’t want to leave Jersey.”
“I’ll get a list from the personnel office right now. You can finish the interviews and make the hire in a few days.”
“What else can we do to find somebody quicker? Like today.”
In desperation I said, “The only other possibility I can think of is bring back Warner.”
“Warner Nelson, the guy you terminated to bring the Albertson kid on.”
“Bring in a caseworker to replace a chief of staff?”
“He’s been a legislative assistant for several Congressmen. It’s kind of an historical accident that he never made chief of staff. Remember, he handled the Floreno case with the Park Service very well.”
“Floreno?”
“Paul Floreno. It was a few weeks ago. Warner’s an expert on Federal contracting.”
“I don’t remember. Anyway, he must hate me for laying him off.”
“Believe me, if you hire him back he’ll appreciate the hell out of it. You will not believe his loyalty.”
“How soon can you set up an interview?”
“Since you weren’t expected back today, your calendar’s free. I can have him in here by one.”
“OK. Let’s do it.”
I went into Art’s office and called Warner.
“Hello?” He sounded like an invalid, weak and trembly.
“Warner, it’s Izetta. You’ve got a job interview with Congressman Healy. One o’clock this afternoon.”
“I can get my old job back? Did the Albertson kid screw up?”
“No, he’s doing fine. You’ll be interviewing for the chief of staff job. Art’s gone.”
“Really? I knew that Floreno thing would pay off eventually.”
“Forget about Floreno. Tony has. Here’s what you have to know, but never mention to a soul, including the Congressman or me.” Then I told him what had happened, and I closed with, “It may be only temporary, but you’ve lucked out. Be here at one o’clock.”
“Got it. Anything else? I gotta get ready.” He sounded like he did in the old days, sure of himself even when he was wrong, ready to render an opinion no matter how ill advised.
“That’s it. You’re gonna nail this one.”
And he was there at two minutes to one. A lobbyist had dropped by without an appointment, and I interrupted him and Tony at exactly one. Normally this particular lobbyist would have taken precedence over a job interview, but now Tony said, “Hey, Jack, I’ve got to take this. I’ll get back to you on that.”
Half an hour later Tony came out of his office with Warner and said, “Put Warner on the payroll immediately, call a staff meeting in my office for five o’clock, and clean Art’s shit out of his office and send it to the dumpster.”
At the staff meeting Tony introduced Warner as the new chief of staff, then excused himself. Warner gave an amazing speech, about trust, loyalty, discretion, and protecting the boss. The staff was respectful, probably scared after Eli’s “Art” joke.
Everything has gone well since. Madison is working for one of the defense industry associations and dating a lawyer from a K Street firm. Art went back to New Jersey and opened a restaurant, which is doing well. The Albertson kid moved on to a better job on the staff of a Congressional committee. Eli, Ryan, and the rest of the hipsters on the staff are a little more respectful of Tony. I think they’re paranoid about Warner, suspecting his time in the backroom as a caseworker was a ruse, and he was spying on them the whole time.
Warner’s doing a great job as chief of staff. I have to watch him, to keep him from screwing up, but he does pretty much what I tell him to do.
Tom Ray is a retired civil servant, currently living in his hometown of Knoxville, Tennessee. He worked in government in the Washington, DC, area for 40 years, following his service in Vietnam in the U. S. Army.
Tagged bureaucrats, congressmen, fiction, lobbyists, politics, short stories, Tom Ray, Washington D.C. 4 Comments
4 thoughts on “The Caseworker”
Nick Gallup
A very entertaining and informative story. I loved the line that “Screwing was more Art than science.” But the last line, “But he pretty much does what I tell him to” shows you who the real power broker in the story was. Well-done.
Really well done story
Engaging right from the beginning. An easy and enjoyable read. Likable characters , the narrative from a women’s perspective by a male author and glimpse into the human drama and absurdity of the beurocratic world. Well done, Sir!
Allen R. Coggins
Very good job. I know it feels good to finally be a published author. I will see you in the next class. Best. Allen
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Alexion and Sema4 Partner in Rare Disease Diagnostics and Systems Biol...
Alexion and Sema4 Partner in Rare Disease Diagnostics and Systems Biology
Accelerating rare-disease diagnostics and treatments through innovation
Thursday, August 10, 2017 6:30 am EDT
NEW HAVEN, Conn. & STAMFORD, Conn.
NEW HAVEN, Conn. & STAMFORD, Conn.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:ALXN) and Sema4 today announced a strategic partnership to leverage their shared experience in data science and systems biology to accelerate rare disease diagnosis and therapeutic discovery. This new partnership will combine Alexion’s rare disease SmartPanel analytics with Sema4’s proven success in next-generation sequencing and genomic interpretation to further enable novel diagnostic and therapeutic insights into rare diseases.
“The world-class sequencing capabilities at Sema4 coupled with Alexion’s SmartPanel analytics will enable a comprehensive evaluation of a patient’s genome to uncover pathogenic mutations linked to rare diseases,” said John Reynders, PhD, Vice President of Data Sciences, Genomics, and Bioinformatics at Alexion. “This collaboration will help accelerate an accurate diagnosis for patients with rare genetic diseases and reduce the multi-year process that many families face before receiving a diagnosis.”
Alexion and Sema4 will also collaborate in searching for and decoding rare disease “genomic shields” – a buffering mechanism that enables patients with a known disease-causing mutation in their genome to resist the manifestation of the disease.
“The advanced data science and bioinformatics capabilities that Alexion and Sema4 both bring to the table will enable us to decode these unique patients who are resistant to their genetic propensity for disease,” said Sema4 CEO, Eric Schadt, PhD. “By building systems biology models of the rare disease biology in these patients, we can identify novel points of therapeutic intervention for patients.”
Under the partnership, Alexion will share, research, and further refine the SmartPanel, which Sema4 will leverage to optimize the design of next-generation sequencing solutions and accelerate the interpretation of genomic and phenotypic data. Both parties will combine expertise in data science and bioinformatics to decode the network biology of target systems and research the decoding of genomic shields.
Alexion is a global biopharmaceutical company focused on developing and delivering life-transforming therapies for patients with devastating and rare disorders. Alexion is the global leader in complement inhibition and has developed and commercializes the first and only approved complement inhibitor to treat patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), two life-threatening ultra-rare disorders. In addition, Alexion’s metabolic franchise includes two highly innovative enzyme replacement therapies for patients with life-threatening and ultra-rare disorders, hypophosphatasia (HPP) and lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D). Alexion is advancing its rare disease pipeline with highly innovative product candidates in multiple therapeutic areas. This press release and further information about Alexion can be found at: www.alexion.com.
About Sema4
Sema4 is a health information company that is committed to providing open access to data and creating practical tools that help patients, clinicians, and researchers better diagnose, treat, and prevent disease. Sema4 is constructing a more comprehensive picture of health by combining a wealth of clinical experience that informs the answers that patients and providers are seeking, the world-class academic research that illuminates new directions, and the pioneering information science that puts all the pieces together. Sema4 is a venture of the Mount Sinai Health System, an integrated health system that is internationally recognized for its excellence in research, patient care, and education.
For more information, please visit sema4genomics.com and connect with Sema4 on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube.
This press release contains forward-looking statements, including statements related to Alexion's diagnostic initiatives. Forward-looking statements are subject to factors that may cause Alexion's results and plans to differ from those expected, including for example, decisions of regulatory authorities regarding the adequacy of our research, marketing approval or material limitations on the marketing of our products, delays, interruptions or failures in the manufacture and supply of our products and our product candidates, failure to satisfactorily address matters raised by the FDA and other regulatory agencies, the possibility that results of clinical trials are not predictive of safety and efficacy results of our products in broader patient populations, the possibility that current rates of adoption of Soliris in PNH, aHUS or other diseases are not sustained, the possibility that clinical trials of our product candidates could be delayed, the adequacy of our pharmacovigilance and drug safety reporting processes, the risk that third party payors (including governmental agencies) will not reimburse or continue to reimburse for the use of our products at acceptable rates or at all, the outcome of challenges and opposition proceedings to our intellectual property, assertion or potential assertion by third parties that the manufacture, use or sale of our products infringes their intellectual property, risks regarding government investigations, including investigations of Alexion by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and U.S. Department of Justice, the risk that anticipated regulatory filings are delayed, the risk that estimates regarding the number of patients with PNH, aHUS, HPP and LAL-D are inaccurate, the risks of changing foreign exchange rates, and a variety of other risks set forth from time to time in Alexion's filings with the SEC, including but not limited to the risks discussed in Alexion's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2017 and in our other filings with the SEC. Alexion does not intend to update any of these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof, except when a duty arises under law.
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Alexion:
Kim Diamond, 475-230-3775
Executive Director, Corporate Communications
Sema4:
Rose Lewis, 646-385-4035
media@sema4genomics.com
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353 F. 2d 180 - Trailways of New England Inc v. Amalgamated Association of Street Electric Railway and Motor Coach Employees of America
Federal Reporter, Second Series
353 F.2d.
353 F2d 180 Trailways of New England Inc v. Amalgamated Association of Street Electric Railway and Motor Coach Employees of America
353 F.2d 180
TRAILWAYS OF NEW ENGLAND, INC., Appellant,
AMALGAMATED ASSOCIATION OF STREET, ELECTRIC RAILWAY AND MOTOR COACH EMPLOYEES OF AMERICA, AFL-CIO, DIVISION 1318, Appellee.
No. 6591.
United States Court of Appeals First Circuit.
December 2, 1965.
Morris J. Levin, Washington, D. C., with whom Joseph J. Hurley, Boston, Mass., Richard R. Paradise, Betty Southard Murphy, Washington, D. C., Cargill, Masterman, Redmond & Cahill, Boston, Mass., and McInnis, Wilson, Munsion & Woods, Washington, D. C., were on the brief, for appellant.
Earle W. Putnam, Washington, D. C., with whom Arthur J. Flamm, John D. O'Reilly, III, and Segal & Flamm, Boston, Mass., were on the brief, for appellee.
Before ALDRICH, Chief Judge, and HASTIE* and McENTEE, Circuit Judges.
ALDRICH, Chief Judge.
This case raises again the question of court intervention in labor arbitration, sought on the ground that the arbitrators have nothing properly before them. In another decision this day we have held that an objecting party could not be heard until the arbitrator had decided against it. Camden Industries, Inc. v. Carpenters Local Union No. 1688, 1 Cir., 1965, 353 F.2d 178. In that case we were unable to say "with positive assurance" that there could be nothing to be arbitrated. Appellant asserts that in the present case positive assurance exists.
The dispute between the parties originated in a strike protesting the suspension of an employee for alleged insubordination. The facts are set forth in our earlier opinion, Trailways of New England, Inc. v. Amalgamated Association of Street Railway Employees, 1 Cir., 1965, 343 F.2d 815, ordering the initial arbitration. Briefly, the strike was called in spite of the employer's requests that the union follow the grievance procedure provided for in the collective bargaining agreement. The employer thereupon discharged all striking employees and purported to rescind the agreement. At this point the union invoked the grievance procedure. The employer objected, not unnaturally feeling that the union had got religion too late. We held, however, that the matter must go to arbitration.
The arbitration board, hereinafter the board, first considered whether the strike was a violation of the agreement. It determined that it was, because the union had agreed to arbitrate before striking. The employer, contrary to the board, thereupon concluded that there was nothing further to arbitrate, and instituted the present action in the district court for a declaratory judgment to that effect. That court denied relief without opinion, and the employer appeals.
The agreement provided that "all grievances arising hereunder, including discharge, * * * shall be disposed of" by a procedure culminating in arbitration, the written decision of a majority of the board to "be final and binding on the parties to the dispute." It also provided that employees could be discharged "for cause."
It is the position of the union that as to each striker the board can determine "whether or not the discharge was for `cause' within the meaning of the parties' agreement. Included in that ultimate question were such issues as whether each grievant was, in fact, a participant, instigator, or leader of the work stoppage which the board had held to be in violation of the agreement, and if so involved, the circumstances, degree, and extent of his involvement. Also, whether the action of discharge, considered in the light of the record as a whole, including relevant aspects of the grievants' employment record with the Company, justified the penalty meted out, and if it did not, what award the board of arbitration should make in the case of each grievant."
The employer does not seriously quarrel with the union's contention that "cause" means "just cause." However, it argues, in effect, that for the board to conclude that participation in an unsanctioned strike was not just cause for discharge would be for the board "to exercise management prerogatives" not within its "jurisdiction." In other words, although the board has the final say whether conduct which is admittedly improper, but of debatable seriousness, is or is not sufficient "cause" for discharge, once the seriousness of the conduct passes a certain point it passes beyond the board's jurisdiction or power.
Questions of arbitrability are not automatically resolved in the employer's favor by invoking the term "jurisdiction," any more than they are in the union's favor by asserting the existence of a "dispute." Cf. Camden Industries v. Carpenters Local Union No. 1688, supra. Initially we look to the agreement to see what was stated to be arbitrable. In the present case there is no ambiguity. Grievances include "discharge," with no exceptions. The employer's contention that the employees' misconduct was so serious that wholesale discharge was necessarily within its prerogative may well be thought sound. Arbitrators, however, even as courts, Fauntleroy v. Lum, 1908, 210 U.S. 230, 28 S.Ct. 641, 52 L.Ed. 1039 have "jurisdiction" to decide erroneously.
This case differs from Camden Industries in that here the arbitrability of the dispute and, therefore, the jurisdiction of the board is clear. The essence of the appellant's contention is merely that on the merits of the arbitrable issue no reasonable man could find against it. But the seeming onesidedness of an otherwise arbitrable issue is no sufficient reason for denying the arbitrator an opportunity to hear and decide the matter. We cannot diminish what the employer in terms relinquished to the arbitration board, or review, anticipatorily or otherwise, its alleged errors by saying it lacks power to make them.
Sitting by designation
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‘Rejection’ of Diplomatic Communications
Correspondence between Sovereigns and Heads of State
7 Formal Aspects of Diplomatic Relations: Precedence among Heads of State and States, Selection, Agrément , Precedence among Heads of Mission, Chargés d’Affaires, Credentials, Full Powers for Heads of Mission
Precedence among Heads of State and States
Classes and Precedence among Heads of Mission
Precedence at the United Nations
Selection of Heads of Mission
Agrément for Heads of Mission
Appointment of the Staff of the Mission
Nationality of Diplomatic Staff
Multiple Accreditation
Control of the Size and Location of Diplomatic Missions
Chargés d’Affaires
Letters of Credence or Credentials
Letters of Recall
Full Powers
8 The Appointment and Functions of Consuls
Consular Relations and Consular Posts
Consular Titles and Appointment
End of Consular Functions
Consular Protection
Reporting and Political Work
Information and Trade Promotion
The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (VCCR)
Career Consuls
9 Consular Access and Protection
Consular Protection and Diplomatic Protection
General Aspects of Protection
Notification to Consul of Arrest or Detention
Consular Access
10 The Diplomatic Mission, The Corps, Breach of Relations, and Protection of Interests
The Diplomatic Corps
Communication in the Absence of Diplomatic Relations
Endings to Appointments and Missions
Death of a Head of Mission or other Member of the Mission
Withdrawal of a Diplomatic Mission
Breach of Diplomatic Relations
Disappearance of the Head of the Sending or the Receiving State
Facilities for Departure
Protection of Interests
Express Arrangements for Protection of Interests
11 Terrorism and Diplomacy
Kidnappings and their Implications
Destructive Attacks on Missions
Al Qaeda and so-called Islamic State
European Terror Groups
The Legal Position
Diplomacy and Negotiation
Book III Privileges and Immunities
12 Privileges and Immunities of the State, The Head of State, State Officials, and State Agencies
The Nature of the Plea of Immunity
Persons Enjoying Immunity
Immunity from Criminal Jurisdiction of the State
Immunity from Civil Jurisdiction of the State
The Head of State
Immunity from Criminal Jurisdiction
International Crimes
Immunity from Civil and Administrative Jurisdiction of the Head of State
Official Visits in the Territory of Another State
The Obligation of Due Respect
Immunity from Execution
Taxation and Other Privileges
Obligation on Head of State to Respect the Local Law of Receiving State
The Minister for Foreign Affairs
Other Ministers of the Central Government of a State
The Criteria for Immunities of other Ministers
Agencies and Other Instrumentalities of the State
The Central Bank
The Common Purpose Underlying State and Diplomatic Immunity
13 Privileges and Immunities of Diplomatic Missions
Justification for Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities
The Premises of the Mission
Diplomatic Asylum
Exemption of Mission Premises from Taxation
Inviolability of Mission Archives
Freedom of Communications
The Diplomatic Bag
14 Privileges and Immunities of Diplomatic Agents
Personal Inviolability
Protection from Arrest or Detention
Duty of Special Protection
Inviolability of Diplomatic Residences and Property
Immunity from Jurisdiction
Exemption from Giving Evidence
Procedure When Immunity Is Raised
Waiver of Immunity
Commencement and Termination of Immunities
Other Remedies Where Immunity from Civil Jurisdiction Bars a Claim
Privileges of Diplomatic Agents
Exemption from Taxation
Exemption from Customs Duties and Baggage Search
Exemption from Social Security Obligations
Exemption from Personal and Public Services
Duties of a Diplomatic Agent
Families, Junior Staff, and Nationals
Families of Diplomatic Agents
Administrative and Technical Staff
Private Servants
Nationals and Permanent Residents of the Receiving State
Diplomatic Agents in Third States
15 Special Missions
Book IV Multilateral Diplomacy, Human Rights, and International Organizations
16 Theory and Practice of Multilateral Diplomacy
17 Human Rights
Sources of International Human Rights Law
Core International Human Rights Treaties
Other International Human Rights Treaties
Regional Treaties
Derogations and Reservations
Customary International Law
Enforcement Mechanisms
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
UN Treaty Bodies
UN Special Procedures
Regional Courts
The Role of a Diplomat in Upholding Human Rights
Support for Nationals
Support for Non-nationals
Diplomatic Premises
A Duty to Act?
Challenges for Human Rights Protection
18 The United Nations—I the Charter and its Operation
Principal Organs
Structure of the General Assembly
Main Committees
Procedural Committees
Subsidiary and Ad Hoc Bodies
Order of Roll-call Voting
The Security Council
Enlargement of Membership
Replacement of the Republic of China by the People’s Republic
Voting in the Security Council
Use by the United Nations of Armed Forces
The Veto after Korea
Membership and Procedures
The Trusteeship Council
Non-self-governing Territories
Contemporary United Nations
19 The United Nations—II Specialized Agencies, Funds and Programmes, Regional Commissions, and Special Bodies
Funds and Programmes
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Other United Nations Entities and Bodies
20 The G8/G7, G20, BRICS, WTO, OECD, IMF, and the World Bank
The G8/G7
The G20
The BRICS
The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development or OECD (previously the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation or OEEC)
Origin and Purpose
The International Energy Agency (IEA)
WTO previously GATT
The IMF and the World Bank
21 The European Union—I Development, Structure, and Decision-Making
The Origins and Development of the European Union
Post-War Europe and the ECSC
Euratom and the EEC
Expansion in Membership
Amending Treaties
The Ongoing Development of the European Union
The Legal Framework
The Legal Character of the European Union
Legal Powers
The Community Method and Intergovernmentalism
The Pillar Structure
After the Lisbon Treaty
The Treaties
Derogations and Opt-outs
The Institutional and Decision-Making Framework
The European Council and the Council
The European Commission
The European Parliament
The Court of Justice of the European Union
The European Central Bank and the Eurozone
22 The European Union—II External Relations
Historical Development of the Union’s External Relations
Founding Treaties to Single European Union Act
From Maastricht to Lisbon
The Legal and Institutional Framework
The Institutional Framework
The European Council and Council
The High Representative and European External Action Service
EU Agencies and EUSRs
International Agreements and Organizations
External Representation
Representation of the Union
Diplomatic Relations and Consular Protection
EU Delegations
Member States’ Diplomatic Missions
Third States’ Relations with the European Union
Common Foreign and Security Policy
Security and Defence
23 Other International and Regional Organizations: Commonwealth, NATO, Council of Europe, OAS, AU, ASEAN, CIS, Francophonie, Arab League, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Gulf Cooperation Council, OSCE
Balfour Definition
Statute of Westminster
Freedom of Decision
Head of the Commonwealth
Governors-General
Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings (CHOGM)
The Commonwealth Secretariat
Organization within the British Government
High Commissioners
Agents-general
Consular Functions
Links with the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
The North Atlantic Treaty
The Provisions of the North Atlantic Treaty (1949)
Developments and Structural Adaptation
The Council of Europe
The Organization of American States (OAS)
Structure and Work Programme of the OAS
US–Latin American Relations
African Union (AU) formerly the Organization of African Unity (OAU)
Membership of the AU
Problems in Meeting the Objectives of the OAU and the AU
The AU and the Outside World
Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) formerly the Organization of the Islamic Conference
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): (Arabic: مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية )
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
Book V International Disputes and Courts
24 Prevention and Management of Conflict and Settlement of Disputes
The Nature of Conflict
Identifying and Promoting Conflict Resolution
Negotiating Solutions to Conflict
Role of the Security Council
Threats to States
Inter-State Disputes
Direct Negotiation and Consultation between the Parties
Negotiation Facilitated by Third Parties
Inquiry and Fact-finding
Mediation and Good Offices
Judicial Settlement
Compromis (Special Agreement)
Regional and Other Special Arrangements
Procedures Envisaged in the Charter of the United Nations
International Administration of Territory
25 The International Court of Justice
Jurisdiction of the Court
Contentious Cases
The Judges of the Court
Procedure before the Court
Provisional Measures
26 Prosecutions: The International Criminal Court and other Tribunals
The International Criminal Court (ICC)
Initiating and Suspending Proceedings
The Court and its Procedures
Challenges to the ICC
The International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (MICT)
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
The MICT
Other Courts with International Elements
The Special Court for Sierra Leone
Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia
Impact on National Law
Book VI Alternative (Including Track 2) Diplomacy
27 Public Diplomacy and its Offshoots
Implications for Diplomacy
Digital Diplomacy
The Challenge to Secrecy, Authority, and Trust
The Next Wave of Innovation in Diplomacy
The Politics of Digital Change
28 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Violent Non-State Actors (VNSAs)
Violent Non-State Actors (VNSAs)
29 Secret or Back-Channel Diplomacy, Secret Intelligence, Religious and other Unconventional Diplomatic Actors
Secret or Back-Channel Diplomacy
Secret Intelligence
Religious Diplomacy
Security Consultancies
Book VII Treaties and Treaty-Making
30 International Conferences
Invitations to a Conference
Full Powers and Credentials
Languages at Conferences
The President of a Conference
Ceremonial and Precedence
Plenary Organ; Committees and Sub-committees
Plenary Meetings and Recording of Proceedings
Codification of Procedures
Participation in International Conferences
31 Treaties and other International Instruments—I General Definition, Treaty Formalities
Particular Aspects of a General Definition
Agreements Involving International Organizations and Oral Agreements
Requirement that Agreement Should be Governed by International Law
Instruments not Intended to Give Rise to Legal Relations
Questions of Form and Terminology
Formalities in the Drawing up of Treaties
Initialling and Signature
Preparation of Signature Texts
Registration and Publication
32 Treaties and other International Instruments—II Treaty, Convention, Agreement, Protocol
33 Treaties and other International Instruments—III Pact, Act, Modus Vivendi , Declaration, Exchange of Notes, Memorandum of Understanding
Exchange of Notes
34 Treaties and other International Instruments—IV Ratification, Accession, Acceptance and Approval, Treaty Succession
Acceptance and Approval
Treaty Succession
35 Treaties and other International Instruments—V Interpretation, Reservations, Termination, The Effect of War, Ius Cogens
The ‘Golden Rule’
Context, ‘Object and Purpose’, Negotiating History
Multilateral and Bilateral Treaties
‘Teleological’ Interpretation
Treaties in More than One Language
The Traditional View
The Genocide Convention Case
Developments Subsequent to the Genocide Convention Case
Reservations in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
Termination of a Treaty through the Application of its Own Provisions
Termination of a Treaty Containing no Termination Clause
Impossibility of Performance
Fundamental Change of Circumstances
Procedure for Termination
The Effect of War on Treaties
Ius Cogens
Book VIII Envoi
36 Advice To Diplomats
The Nicolson Definition
Problems of Protocol and Precedence
Public Occasions
Internal Differences
Further Material
Appendix I The Language of Diplomacy
Appendix II Conferences
Paris Peace Conference, 1946
Peace Treaties with Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Finland
Japanese Peace Conference, 1951
The Japanese Peace Treaty
Geneva Conference, 1954
International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia, 1992
Paris Conference on Climate Change, December 2015
Book VII Treaties and Treaty-Making, 34 Treaties and other International Instruments—IV Ratification, Accession, Acceptance and Approval, Treaty Succession
Frank Berman, David Bentley
From: Satow's Diplomatic Practice (7th Edition)
Edited By: Sir Ivor Roberts
Previous Edition (6 ed.)
Oxford Scholarly Authorities on International Law [OSAIL]
From: Oxford Public International Law (http://opil.ouplaw.com). (c) Oxford University Press, 2015. All Rights Reserved.date: 15 July 2019
Diplomatic relations — Sovereignty — Peace treaties — Specific treaties — Governments
(p. 628) 34 Treaties and other International Instruments—IV Ratification, Accession, Acceptance and Approval, Treaty Succession
Introduction 34.1
Ratification 34.3
Accession 34.19
Acceptance and Approval 34.31
Treaty Succession 34.36
34.1 A treaty becomes binding through the expression by the parties of their consent to be bound. This consent may be expressed by various means, notably signature, exchange of instruments constituting a treaty, ratification, acceptance, approval, or accession, or by any other means if so agreed.1 The treaty itself may provide that it is to enter into force upon signature, in which case the act of signature definitively expresses the consent of the signatory States to be bound by the treaty. In exceptional cases, the initialling of a text may also express the consent of the States concerned to be bound by it, when it is established that the negotiating States have so agreed.2 It sometimes happens that a representative of a State is unable to receive definite instructions from his government by the time of signature; or it may be that the treaty is to enter into force on signature but the government concerned wants the opportunity to study the agreed text in greater detail before (p. 629) taking the final decision. In such circumstances, the representative may sign the treaty ad referendum, which, if subsequently confirmed, will constitute a valid expression of consent to be bound, effective retroactively as from the date of the signature ad referendum.3 Alternatively, the formal signature of the treaty may simply be postponed until the States concerned are all in a position to commit themselves.
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1545ReferencesVienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (United Nations [UN]) 1155 UNTS 331Part II Conclusion and Entry Into Force of Treaties, Section 1 Conclusion of Treaties, Art.11 Means of expressing consent to be bound by a treaty ICPart II Conclusion and Entry Into Force of Treaties, Section 1 Conclusion of Treaties, Art.12 Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by signature(2)(b) IC
34.2 The very great majority of multilateral treaties, and a significant proportion of bilateral treaties are, however, nowadays concluded subject to ratification or some other process of subsequent confirmation, and it is these processes which are considered in what follows.
34.3 Ratification is a solemn act on the part of a sovereign or other Head of State declaring that a treaty, convention, or other international instrument has been submitted to the Head of State and that after examination it has been given formal approval, with a promise of its complete and faithful observance. The instrument of ratification is signed by the Head of State, and sealed with the seal of State, though practice varies as to whether the complete text of the treaty and related instruments should be reproduced in it. Where the treaty is not in Head of State form, but in inter-State or intergovernmental form, the form of the instrument of ratification is adjusted accordingly.4
34.4 In the case of a bilateral treaty, instruments of ratification are exchanged, in other words each party delivers to the other its instrument of ratification and receives the corresponding one from the other party in return. The fact of exchange is recorded in a certificate of exchange, which is ordinarily drawn up in the respective languages of the two parties, and signed in duplicate, each party retaining an original in which it is given precedence. As a rule, the exchange is effected by the head of the department concerned with treaty formalities in the ministry of foreign affairs of the one country and a diplomatic representative of the other. The issue of Full Powers for such a purpose is unnecessary, unless, as occasionally happens, one of the parties should insist on this additional formality; normally, however, the production of the instruments of ratification by the (p. 630) officials undertaking the exchange is regarded as sufficient evidence that they are authorized to proceed to the exchange.
34.5 For bilateral treaties, it is now far more common in practice for the ceremonial exchange of ratifications to be replaced by the mutual notification of the completion of the internal procedures necessary to enable the treaty to be brought into force.
34.6 When there are more than two Contracting Parties to a treaty, it is customary to have only one original text of the treaty (in all language versions), which is signed by the negotiators and deposited either in the archives of the State where it was signed, or in the archives of the international organization under whose auspices it was concluded, each of the other parties being furnished with a certified copy.5 The instruments of ratification are then as a rule deposited with whichever government or international organ has been designated as the ‘depositary’.6 Amongst the duties of the depositary will be to deliver a formal acknowledgement of each deposit to the State concerned, and to notify the other States Parties or States entitled to become parties. The procedure to be followed in these cases is normally laid down in the treaty itself.
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1550ReferencesConvention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft 860 UNTS 105, 22 UST 1643, TIAS No 7192, UN Reg No I-12325Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (United Nations [UN]) 610 UNTS 205, UN Reg No I-8843Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 729 UNTS 161, IAEA Doc INFCIRC/140, UN Reg No I-10485Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (United Nations [UN]) 1155 UNTS 331Part VII Depositaries, Notifications, Corrections and Registration, Art.77 Functions of depositaries IC
34.7 In the United Kingdom, the treaty-making power is vested in the Sovereign and the ratification of a treaty concluded in Heads of State form is effected by means of an instrument of ratification signed by the Sovereign and sealed with the Great Seal.7 Constitutionally the Sovereign acts on the advice of the responsible ministers and, in certain circumstances, notably where the execution of a treaty involves financial commitments or a cession of territory, the approval of Parliament will first be sought. Furthermore, if legislation is required to carry out the provisions of the treaty, it is a firm rule that the United Kingdom instrument of ratification will not be exchanged or deposited until Parliament has enacted the necessary implementing legislation. Even where specific implementing legislation is not required, however, the standing practice is to lay before Parliament the texts of all treaty instruments requiring ratification, accompanied in recent years by an (p. 631) explanatory memorandum, and not to proceed to ratification until a period of 21 sitting days has elapsed.8
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1551ReferencesConstitutional Reform and Governance Act (United Kingdom [gb]) 2010 c.25Main Text, Part 2 Ratification of Treaties, s.20 Treaties to be laid before Parliament before ratification OCW
34.8 Most, if not all, States will have corresponding constitutional procedures of their own. If, for a given State, the constitutional position is that treaties duly concluded by the State become part of national law, or in some cases rank higher than ordinary legislation, the procedures for treaty approval are likely to reflect that fact. But the procedures are too varied from one country to another, as are their legal effects, to make it possible to offer any kind of summary.9
34.9 It should be noted that there is often confusion over what the term ‘ratification’ precisely connotes. In common parlance it can be used, variously, to refer to:
(a) the act of the appropriate organ of the State (sovereign, president, federal council, etc) which signifies the consent of the State to be bound by the treaty;
(b) the internationally agreed procedure whereby a treaty formally enters into force, that is to say, the formal exchange or deposit of instruments of ratification;
(c) the actual document or instrument whereby a State expresses its consent to be bound by the treaty; and
(d) more loosely, the approval of the legislature or other state organ whose approval may be constitutionally necessary as a condition precedent to ratification in the sense of (a) above.
As ratification is a technical term of international law, the usage under (d) above, which is sometimes popularly translated into ‘parliamentary ratification’ is inaccurate. In the United Kingdom, for example, it is the Crown which ratifies, not Parliament, though Parliament may, as a condition precedent to ratification, be invited to approve and, if necessary, to legislate. Thus, (a) is the correct technical sense of the term, and corresponds to the definition of ratification in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties as ‘the international act so named whereby a State establishes on the international plane its consent to be bound by a treaty’.10 Where (b) is intended, reference should be made to the exchange or deposit of instruments of ratification; and, strictly speaking, where (c) is (p. 632) intended, reference should be made to the instrument of ratification rather than to ratification tout court.
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1553ReferencesArmed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (New Application: 2002), Congo, The Democratic Republic of the v Rwanda, Judgment on jurisdiction and admissibility, ICJ GL No 126, [2006] ICJ Rep 6, ICGJ 14 (ICJ 2006), (2006) 45 ILM 562, 3rd February 2006, United Nations [UN]; International Court of Justice [ICJ] ICGJVienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (United Nations [UN]) 1155 UNTS 331Part I Introduction, Art.2 Use of terms(1)(b) IC
34.10 A further point relates to the purpose which ratification (or indeed any other form of subsequent confirmation) is designed to serve. McNair explains the position succinctly:
Ratification is not (or, at any rate, since the days of absolute monarchs it has not been) a mere formality, like the use of a seal, or parchment, or tape. Ratification has a value which should not be minimized. The interval between the signature and the ratification of a treaty gives the appropriate departments of the Governments that have negotiated the treaty an opportunity of studying the advantages and disadvantages involved in the proposed treaty as a whole, and of doing so in a manner more detached, more leisurely, and more comprehensive than is usually open to their representatives while negotiating the treaty. However careful may have been the preparation of their instructions, it rarely happens that the representatives of both parties can succeed in producing a draft which embodies the whole of their respective instructions; some concession on one side and some element of compromise are present in practically every negotiation. It is therefore useful that in the case of important treaties Governments should have the opportunity of reflection afforded by the requirement of ratification. Moreover, the more careful the preparation of the treaty and the more deliberate the decision to accept it, the more likely is the treaty to be founded upon the interests of the parties and to be observed by them.11
34.11 It should also be noted that ratification must, on principle, be unconditional. Unless the treaty itself specifically so provides, the operative effect of ratifying cannot be made conditional on ratifications by other States. The need for a degree of reciprocity will be met in the treaty itself, either by providing for a minimum number of ratifications before its entry into force,12 or by providing that the ratification of all the signatories is required for entry into force.13
34.12 A final point is that ratification, being in part a confirmation of a signature already given, must relate to what the signature relates to, i.e. to the treaty as a whole, and not merely to a part of it, unless the treaty itself provides that States may elect to become bound by a certain part or parts only.14
34.13 Older controversies over which treaties required ratification and which did not, or over whether or not there is any duty to ratify, are now a thing of the past, to a large extent as a result of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1557ReferencesVienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (United Nations [UN]) 1155 UNTS 331 IC
(p. 633) 34.14 The traditional view had been that, in principle, all treaties required ratification in order to become valid and binding. The International Law Commission explained the reasons for this view:
The modern institution of ratification in international law developed in the course of the nineteenth century. Earlier, ratification had been an essentially formal and limited act by which, after a treaty had been drawn up, a sovereign confirmed, or finally verified, the full powers previously issued to his representative to negotiate the treaty. It was then not an approval of the treaty itself, but a confirmation that the representative had been invested with authority to negotiate it and, that being so, there was an obligation upon the sovereign to ratify his representative’s full powers, if these had been in order. Ratification came, however, to be used in the majority of cases as the means of submitting the treaty-making power of the executive to parliamentary control, and ultimately the doctrine of ratification underwent a fundamental change.
It was established that the treaty itself was subject to subsequent ratification by the State before it became binding. Furthermore, this development took place at a time when the great majority of international agreements were formal treaties. Not unnaturally, therefore, it came to be the opinion that the general rule is that ratification is necessary to render a treaty binding.15
34.15 As late as 1929, the Permanent Court of International Justice referred, in the Territorial Jurisdiction of the International Commission of the River Oder case, to the rule that ‘conventions, save in certain exceptional cases, are binding only by virtue of their ratification’.16 But the generally accepted view is now the one expressed in Article 14 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties that whether a treaty requires ratification or not depends essentially on the intention of the parties to the particular treaty.
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1559ReferencesTerritorial Jurisdiction of the International Commission of the River Oder, United Kingdom v Poland, Judgment, No 16, PCIJ Series A No 23, ICGJ 263 (PCIJ 1929), 10th September 1929, League of Nations (historical) [LoN]; Permanent Court of International Justice (historical) [PCIJ] ICGJ
34.16 Fortunately, the dispute as to the nature of the underlying rule is more theoretical than real; for it is now the invariable practice for the treaty itself to contain either an express clause or some other clear indication as to whether ratification is required. Where the parties do not regard ratification as necessary, the treaty usually states that it will come into force upon signature, or on a certain date, or upon the happening of a certain event.
34.17 At the Vienna Conference on the Law of Treaties, there was extended, but inconclusive, discussion on whether there should be incorporated in the Law of Treaties Convention a residual presumption in favour of signature or of ratification when a treaty was silent as to how consent to be bound should be expressed. The Convention as adopted makes no attempt to resolve the argument, and simply (p. 634) enumerates the circumstances in which consent to be bound is expressed by signature, and the circumstances in which consent to be bound is expressed by ratification, acceptance, approval, or accession.17
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1561ReferencesVienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (United Nations [UN]) 1155 UNTS 331Part II Conclusion and Entry Into Force of Treaties, Section 1 Conclusion of Treaties, Art.12 Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by signature ICPart II Conclusion and Entry Into Force of Treaties, Section 1 Conclusion of Treaties, Art.14 Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by ratification, acceptance or approval ICPart II Conclusion and Entry Into Force of Treaties, Section 1 Conclusion of Treaties, Art.15 Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by accession IC
34.18 Although ratification is a matter of discretion, it is not generally the practice of a democratic government to sign a treaty unless it means to make an effort in good faith to ratify it in due course. Successive British governments have held to that principle as a rule of policy. But, as is well known, governments may meet with insuperable political difficulties which prevent ratification.18 No time limit is normally set for ratification and, subject to the terms of the treaty, there is no rule of law as to the date within which, if at all, it must take place. Frequently several years elapse between signature and ratification.19 Article 18 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties lays down a rule that, pending ratification, a signatory State is under an obligation ‘to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of a treaty’, until it had made clear its intention not to become party to the treaty; but it has been doubted whether this represents a rule of customary international law.20
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1562ReferencesConvention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, 1907 (Hague Peace Conference 1907 (historical)) UKTS 6 (1971), 1 Bevans 577 IC OXIO OHT PCTGeneva Conventions (Common Articles)Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (European Union [EU]) [2004] OJ C310/1Treaty instituting the European Defence CommunityTreaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union (European Union [EU])Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (United Nations [UN]) 1155 UNTS 331Part II Conclusion and Entry Into Force of Treaties, Section 1 Conclusion of Treaties, Art.18 Obligation not to defeat the object and purpose of a treaty prior to its entry into force IC
34.19 Accession is the process under which a State may become a party to a treaty of which it is not a signatory.21
34.20 Accession is normally a secondary process, but it can exceptionally constitute the primary (or even the exclusive) process for a State to express its consent to be (p. 635) bound by a treaty. The 1928 General Act for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes was drafted by a Commission set up by the Assembly of the League of Nations, subsequently discussed and modified, and eventually adopted by the Assembly itself, and then left open for accession. There was no provision for signature and ratification, so that accession was the only means of becoming a party to it.22 The Revised General Act adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1949 follows the same pattern.23
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1564ReferencesAmerican Treaty on Pacific Settlement (Organization of American States [OAS]) 30 UNTS 55, UN Reg No I-449Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (United Nations [UN]) 1155 UNTS 331Part V Invalidity, Termination and Suspension of the Operation of Treaties, Section 1 General Provisions, Art.43 Obligations imposed by international law independently of a treaty IC
34.21 A similar process is laid down in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations.24 The relevant provisions are:
Section 31—This Convention is submitted to every Member of the United Nations for accession.
Section 32—Accession shall be effected by deposit of an instrument with the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the Convention shall come into force as regards each Member on the date of deposit of each instrument of accession.
Similar, but slightly more complex, provisions are contained in the Convention of 1947 on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations.25
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1565ReferencesConvention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (United Nations [UN]) 1 UNTS 15, 21 UST 1418, TIAS No 6900, UN Reg No I-4, Czech Republic Collection of Laws No 52/1956 OXIOMain Text, Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations 13 February 1946, Final Article, s.31Main Text, Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations 13 February 1946, Final Article, s.32
34.22 It should be stressed, however, that these cases are exceptional. Multilateral treaties will normally make provision for the treaty to be open for signature until a stipulated date and thereafter to be open for accession, often indefinitely, an example being the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties itself.26
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1566ReferencesVienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (United Nations [UN]) 1155 UNTS 331Part VIII Final Provisions, Art.81 Signature ICPart VIII Final Provisions, Art.83 Accession IC
34.23 It used to be thought that it was legally impossible to accede to a treaty which was not yet formally in force. The rationale of the view was that accession amounted in essence to acceptance of a contract already entered into, thereby implying an operative instrument to accede to. Modern practice is however in the contrary sense, as the International Law Commission pointed out in 1966.27 It is therefore open to the States negotiating a treaty to provide that it should be open to accession at once (or after the expiry of a set period), even before the (p. 636) treaty has formally entered into force; and likewise to provide that accessions rank equally with ratifications in making up the number of consents to be bound required to bring the treaty into force.28
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1567ReferencesVienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (United Nations [UN]) 1155 UNTS 331Part VIII Final Provisions, Art.84 Entry into force IC
34.24 Accession as a secondary process can take place as of right (where the treaty expressly provides that certain States or categories of States may accede to it) or by invitation (where the treaty expressly provides that non-signatory States may accede only upon the invitation of the Contracting Parties or of some representative body). There are many examples of treaties, accession to which is by invitation only. Thus, Article 10 of the North Atlantic Treaty of 194929 provides that:
[t]he Parties may, by unanimous agreement, invite any other European State in a position to further the principles of this Treaty and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area to accede to this Treaty. Any State so invited may become a party to the Treaty by depositing its instrument of accession with the Government of the United States of America.
Later members have all joined the alliance pursuant to Protocols to the North Atlantic Treaty by which the parties give their unanimous consent to the issue of an invitation to accede to the Treaty.
34.25 The nature of a treaty may be such that the Contracting Parties may wish to make an invitation to accede subject to conditions to be agreed between them and the State so invited. The best-known example of this kind is the European Union, the admission of a new member to which will of necessity require enormously detailed negotiation between the existing Member States and the applicant State. Article 49 of the Treaty on European Union (Consolidated Version)30 provides that:
[a]ny European State which respects the values referred to in Article 2 and is committed to promoting them may apply to become a member of the Union. The European Parliament and national Parliaments shall be notified of this application. The applicant State shall address its application to the Council, which shall act unanimously after consulting the Commission and after receiving the consent of the European Parliament, which shall act by a majority of its component members. The conditions of eligibility agreed upon by the European Council shall be taken into account.
The conditions of admission and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the Union is founded, which such admission entails, shall be the subject of an agreement (p. 637) between the Member States and the applicant State. This agreement shall be submitted for ratification by all the contracting States in accordance with their respective constitutional requirements.
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1569ReferencesConsolidated Treaty on European Union (European Union [EU]) [2006] OJ C321E/5Title I Common Provisions, Art.2Consolidated Treaty on European Union (post-Lisbon) (European Union [EU]) [2008] OJ C115/13, [2012] OJ C326/1Title VI Final Provisions, Art.49
34.26 Where a treaty is the constitutive instrument of an international organization, the admission of a new Member State (on such terms and conditions as the constitutive instrument may lay down) may be regarded as equivalent to accession. The Charter of the United Nations stipulates (Article 4) that:
1. Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving States which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgement of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.
2. The admission of any such State to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.
The applicant State is required to embody in its formal written application a declaration that it accepts the obligations contained in the Charter; and, if the application is approved, membership becomes effective on the date on which the General Assembly takes its decision on the application.31
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1570ReferencesCharter of the United Nations (done at San Francisco, United States, on 26 June 1945) (United Nations [UN]) 1 UNTS XVI, 59 Stat 1031, TS 993, 3 Bevans 1153, 145 BSP 805, 892 UNTS 119Ch.II Membership, Art.4
34.27 In cases such as these, where the constitutive treaties have their own inbuilt dynamic, accession (or admission) may be rendered possible on terms which put the new Member State in a different position from the other Contracting Parties, at least for a transitional period. Normally speaking, however, any State exercising the right of accession given to it in a treaty enjoys the same rights and becomes subject to the same obligations as the other Contracting Parties, without regard to whether they are original signatories or have subsequently acceded.
34.28 The question was discussed in the Assembly of the League of Nations in 1927 whether a State might properly express a purported instrument of accession as ‘subject to ratification’. Present-day practice discourages this. In his role as depositary of multilateral treaties, the Secretary-General of the United Nations has long considered an instrument of accession declared to be subject to ratification ‘simply as a notification of the government’s intention to become a party’; he has drawn the attention of the government concerned to the fact that the instrument does not entitle it to become a party and underlines that ‘it is only when an instrument containing no reference to subsequent ratification is deposited that the State (p. 638) will be included among the parties to the agreement and the other governments concerned notified to that effect’.
34.29 Which States may accede to a treaty? It would seem beyond dispute that no State, uninvited, has a right to make itself a party to a treaty by accession; accession can accordingly only take place when the original parties to the treaty consent, either generally by means of a provision in the treaty, or ad hoc, and only upon whatever conditions they may have laid down for accession. It was at one time suggested that a principle of universality required that all States should be entitled to participate in general multilateral treaties, defined for this purpose as treaties which concern general norms of international law or which deal with matters of general interest to States as a whole. A proposal to that effect advanced at the Vienna Conference on the Law of Treaties was, however, rejected by the Conference mainly on the ground that it ran contrary to the principle that States are, and should be, free to choose their treaty partners.32
34.30 International law prescribes no particular form for an instrument of accession, though the treaty itself may do so. An instrument of accession is a formal instrument, and it seems inconceivable that an oral communication would suffice. Accession is carried out in accordance with the procedure prescribed by the particular treaty, either by the deposit of a formal instrument of accession with, or by a written notification addressed to, the depositary.33 The instrument or notification emanates from the executive authority of the State. It will enter into force on the date of deposit or notification, unless the treaty otherwise provides. Where the deposit or notification takes place before the date of entry into force of the treaty, the accession will not take effect unless and until the treaty itself enters into force.
34.31 Acceptance and approval are alternative methods of participation in a multilateral treaty, which have relatively recently become established in international practice as a new procedure for becoming party to treaties. They are, as the International Law Commission pointed out, ‘an innovation which is more one of terminology than of method’.34
(p. 639) 34.32 Where a treaty is made open to ‘acceptance’ without prior signature, the process is akin to accession. Thus, Article 14 of the Statute of the Hague Conference on Private International Law of 1951 provides that it ‘shall be submitted for the acceptance of the Governments of the States which participated in one or more sessions of the Conference. It shall enter into force from the date that it is accepted by the majority of the States represented at the Seventh Session.’35
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1576ReferencesStatute of The Hague Conference on Private International Law (Revised Text) (Hague Conference on Private International Law [HccH])Art.14
34.33 Reference to ‘acceptance’ as a method of participation in a treaty may also be found in the so-called ‘triple option’ clause to be found in many international conventions. An example is the Convention on the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization of 1948,36 Article 57 of which provides that:
the present Convention shall remain open for signature or acceptance and States may become parties to the Convention by:
(a) Signature without reservation as to acceptance;
(b) Signature subject to acceptance followed by acceptance; or
(c) Acceptance.
Acceptance shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.37
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1577ReferencesConvention on the International Maritime Organization (as amended) (International Maritime Organization [IMO]) 289 UNTS 3, 289 UNTS 48, UN Doc E/CONF.4/61, UN Reg No I-4214Part III Voting, Art.57
34.34 The advantage of a provision for acceptance in a treaty is that it may enable the treaty to enter into force earlier than if the treaty had provided for ‘ratification’ as such. The constitutional procedures of some States require the assent of the legislature before a treaty can be formally ratified, and it may be possible to accomplish the process of ‘acceptance’ by executive action alone.38
34.35 What has just been said about ‘acceptance’ applies mutatis mutandis to ‘approval’. ‘Approval’ appears more often in the form of ‘signature subject to approval’, where, according to Liang,39 approval is apparently used ‘to indicate the approbation, by the process of municipal law, of the terms of a treaty, as distinguished from “acceptance” which is used to indicate the formal act evidencing the actual acceptance of the treaty by the State’. The opening of a treaty to ‘approval’ without signature is rare.40
(p. 640) Treaty Succession
34.36 Finally, a word needs to be said about treaty succession, a subject which has gained in importance in recent decades. Whenever a change takes place in the international status of a particular territory (or, to put the matter more precisely, when one State is replaced by another in the responsibility for the international relations of a particular territory), questions are bound to arise in regard to the effect of this change on the status of treaties that formerly applied to the territory, or at least its effect in regard to legal relations under such treaties. The subject is known as treaty succession, and is merely one aspect of the more general question of State succession.41 The situations that may give rise to succession are classified in a United Nations Convention of 1978 on Succession of States in respect of Treaties, as: the transfer of territory from one State to another, the case where two or more States unite into one successor State, and the case when ‘a part or parts of the territory of a State separate to form one or more States, whether or not the predecessor State continues to exist’.42 The Convention (which did not enter into force until 1996; see further below) also devotes considerable attention to what it refers to as ‘newly independent States’, i.e. territories that had previously been colonial dependencies, a situation that attracted much international attention at the time, but is now of far less practical interest.
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1580ReferencesVienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties (United Nations [UN]) 1946 UNTS 3, UN Reg No I-33356
34.37 Unlike the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties itself, the 1978 Succession Convention cannot be regarded as an expression of the generally accepted law and practice in this area. It has only twenty-two parties, of whom eight are accounted for by the six States emerging from the break-up of the former Yugoslavia, together with the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and none of the leading States has shown interest in becoming party to it. Whereas the Convention sought to diminish the role either of agreements reached between predecessor and successor States for the assumption of treaty obligations in anticipation of the succession, or of general declarations made by the successor State to the same effect after the event, international practice has shown itself to be characterized by a far greater degree of pragmatic flexibility. The Convention favoured, in essence a ‘clean slate’ for newly independent States (see paragraph 34.36), by contrast with substantial continuity in the cases of the uniting and separating of (p. 641) States.43 The particular case of decolonization aside, the needs of international life have shown the great desirability of mechanisms by which successor States can express a position in respect of their treaty relations, to which other treaty parties can then react, whether by way of express acceptance, tacit acquiescence, or (where the case demands) formal refusal, and the treaty depositary may have an important administrative role to play in this process, especially when the depositary function is carried out by an international organization.44 In some practical respects, the attainment of clarity may be as important as establishing whether treaty relations do continue to subsist. In summary, rather than a rigid reliance on abstract rules, practice has favoured empirically derived outcomes case by case, in which subsequent consent or acquiescence by the States concerned has played a substantial role. This is as one would have expected, given that agreement represents the fundamental basis for treaty relations in general.
34.38 It is generally accepted, however, that a succession of States has no effect on boundary regimes or other territorial regimes, and this rule is reflected in Articles 11 and 12 of the Succession Convention.45
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1582ReferencesVienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties (United Nations [UN]) 1946 UNTS 3, UN Reg No I-33356Part I General Provisions, Art.11Part I General Provisions, Art.12
34.39 Conversely, highly personal and highly political treaties are liable to expire rather than to be continued. A special rule also applies to membership of international organizations, where in principle membership cannot be inherited, even though it has as its formal origin the member State’s becoming party to the treaty which forms the constitutive instrument of the organization. Therefore, where two States unite, both of whom had been members of an international organization, their membership can be merged into the membership of the new State, but the process does not operate in reverse; on a separation of States, it would normally be expected that the new State (or States) would apply for membership in its (or their) own name.
(p. 642) 34.40 There is however an important qualification to the above, which has come into focus latterly with the disintegration of composite States, notably the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, but also in a more limited way the former Republic of Czechoslovakia. In such cases, it may be possible to discern (though this is not always so) that there is a single central sovereignty that has been maintained, initially through the accretion of additional units of territory, and later through their loss. In a case of this kind, it is possible to speak of a ‘continuing State’ (sometimes referred to as ‘continuator State’) which will have a different status for succession purposes than the other territorial entities, whose treaty relations will be determined as ‘successor States’.46 The distinction can be of fundamental importance. It explains, for example, why the Russian Federation was able, by simple notification, not merely to continue the membership of the Soviet Union in the United Nations, but to assume the special prerogatives of a permanent member of the Security Council. It explains also how the Russian Federation retained the special status of nuclear-weapon State under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, while the other component parts of the former Soviet Union either succeeded or acceded to the Treaty as non-nuclear-weapon States. Contrast the outcome of the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia, where in a series of cases, the International Court of Justice has noted (without pronouncing definitively on them) the doubts remaining over membership in the United Nations of the rump State entitled ‘Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY)’ until the eventual admission of the State of Serbia and Montenegro as a new member on 1 November 2000. The Court nevertheless decided, on the one hand, that it could proceed with cases brought before that date by or against the FRY; conversely that, after the separation of Montenegro, a case pending against Serbia and Montenegro should proceed against Serbia alone.47
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1584ReferencesApplication of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Bosnia and Herzegovina v Serbia and Montenegro, Judgment, merits, ICJ GL No 91, [2007] ICJ Rep 43, ICGJ 70 (ICJ 2007), 26th February 2007, United Nations [UN]; International Court of Justice [ICJ] ICGJApplication of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Bosnia and Herzegovina v Yugoslavia, Judgment, preliminary objections, ICJ GL No 91, [1996] ICJ Rep 595, ICGJ 71 (ICJ 1996), 11th July 1996, United Nations [UN]; International Court of Justice [ICJ] ICGJLegality of Use of Force, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia v United Kingdom, Order, provisional measures, ICJ GL No 113, [1999] ICJ Rep 826, ICGJ 47 (ICJ 1999), 2nd June 1999, United Nations [UN]; International Court of Justice [ICJ] ICGJLegality of Use of Force, Serbia and Montenegro v United Kingdom, Judgment, preliminary objections, [2004] ICJ Rep 1307, ICGJ 48 (ICJ 2004), 15th December 2004, United Nations [UN]; International Court of Justice [ICJ] ICGJTreaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 729 UNTS 161, IAEA Doc INFCIRC/140, UN Reg No I-10485
34.41 Two other cases of special interest should be noted. One is the eventual reunification of Germany in 1990, after close on half a century during which the eastern part of Germany had gradually acquired recognition of separate statehood as the ‘German Democratic Republic’ (GDR). Although the GDR ultimately acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany under the latter’s Constitution, this was (p. 643) done on the basis of a treaty between the two States, which in turn made specific provision for treaty succession: the Federal Republic’s treaties would in principle continue, and be extended to the entire territory (subject where necessary to consultations with the other treaty parties), whereas all the GDR’s treaties were to be subject to discussion with the other parties ‘with a view to regulating or confirming their continued application, adjustment or expiry’. It would seem that discussions took place with 135 treaty partners, and that the outcome was to discard or disapply the overwhelming proportion of the GDR’s very substantial corpus of treaties.48
34.42 The second case of special interest is that of Hong Kong. The Sino-British Joint Declaration of 19 December 1984, which laid the ground for the return of Hong Kong to Chinese sovereignty in 1997, stipulated that Hong Kong would be enabled to conduct within limits its own external relations, including the power to conclude international agreements, using the name ‘Hong Kong, China’. As spelled out more fully in Annex 1 to the Joint Declaration and in the Basic Law (enacted by China—though in agreed terms—to serve as the constitutional instrument for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region), this international capacity was to include both the continued application to Hong Kong of international agreements concluded before the handover and also Hong Kong’s continued participation, in an appropriate form, in international organizations. These arrangements were seen by both parties as an important element in the preservation of Hong Kong’s own way of life, including the maintenance of the capitalist economic system. In exercise thereof, an extensive campaign of ‘localizing’ Hong Kong’s treaty relations (for example, in the fields of trade and air services) was pursued in the period preceding the handover.49
Source Id: law-9780198739104-chapter-34-div4-1586ReferencesConstitution of the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong: April 4, 1990 (China [cn]) Instrument A101 OCWJoint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong: December 19, 1984 1399 UNTS 33Annex I Elaboration by the Government of the People's Republic of China of its Basic Policies Regarding Hong Kong OCW
1 Art 11 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.
2 See Chapter 31, paragraph 31.12.
3 Art 12.2(b) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.
4 Standard forms for instruments of ratification are reproduced in the UN Treaty Handbook (see Chapter 31 n 1) and in A Aust, Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd edn, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013).
5 Though there are occasional exceptions to this rule. For some multilateral agreements the ‘triple depositary’ technique was devised during the period of divided States as a special exception to the general rule, so as to allow each of the component parts of a divided State to sign the treaty or deposit an instrument of ratification or accession with a depositary power that recognized it as a State and thus as entitled to ratify or accede. Examples are: the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including The Moon and Other Celestial Bodies 1967; the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 1968; and the Hague Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft 1972.
6 For the functions of a treaty depositary, see Art 77 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.
7 Practice, of course, varies widely as regards the form and wording of an instrument of ratification. The UN Treaty Handbook (see Chapter 31 n 1) contains model texts in the Annexes.
8 This is popularly known as the ‘Ponsonby rule’; see the FCO Guidance (see Chapter 31 n 1), in particular the descriptive note on the operation of the rule. The Ponsonby Rule is now enacted into law with some changes by ss 20–25 of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010.
9 A wide selection of national systems is described in D Hollis, M Blakeslee, and B Ederington (eds), National Treaty Law and Practice (Leiden, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, for the American Society of International Law, 2005).
10 Art 2(b) (emphasis supplied). In the analogous situation of the withdrawal of a reservation, the International Court has drawn a firm distinction between the adoption of internal legislation authorizing withdrawal and the formal notification of withdrawal on the international plane: Case concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo [2006] ICJ Reports 6, 23–7 (for Reservations, see Chapter 35).
11 Arnold McNair, The Law of Treaties (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961) 133–4.
12 For multilateral conventions concluded under the auspices of the UN, thirty-five is often the chosen number, but there may be further qualifications as well: the UN Charter required the ratification of all five States designated as permanent members of the Security Council, and the same rule applies to all amendments to the Charter.
13 As, for example, with all of the constitutional treaties of the European Union.
14 For the possibility of making ratification subject to reservations, see Chapter 35.
15 [1966] ILC Reports 30; see also J Mervyn Jones, Full Powers and Ratification (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1946) 12–20 and 74–90.
16 PCIJ, Series A, No 23, 20.
17 Arts 12, 14, and 15; see also Ian Sinclair, The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (2nd edn, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984) 40–1.
18 For example, the then French government failed to obtain in 1954 the necessary parliamentary approval required to enable France to ratify the European Defence Community Treaty. More recently, the difficulties are well known that have faced the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe of 29 October 2004, and the subsequent Treaty of Lisbon of 13 December 2007, following their failure to be approved by referendum in certain EU Member States. US accession to the Third UN Convention on the Law of the Sea has been pending in the Senate for more than 20 years.
19 Though it is rare that the gap between signature and ratification is as long as 63 years, as for the United Kingdom ratification (in 1970) of the 1907 Hague Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes. A more modern example is the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, signed by the United Kingdom in 1977, but not ratified until 1998.
20 In 2002 the USA, which had signed on 31 December 2000 the Statute of the International Criminal Court, gave formal written notice to the Government of Italy, as depositary of the treaty, of its intention not to proceed to ratification; this has vulgarly, but not entirely accurately, been written about as an attempt to ‘un-sign’ the treaty as a result of the unhappy use in the US notification of the phrase ‘suspend’ in respect of the US signature.
21 The process is sometimes called ‘adherence’ or ‘adhesion’ (in French ‘adhésion’), but the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties uses the term ‘accession’.
22 Art 43 simply provides that ‘the present General Act shall be open to accession by all the Heads of State or other competent authorities of the Members of the League of Nations and the non-Member States to which the Council of the League of Nations has communicated a copy for this purpose’; 93 LNTS 343.
23 71 UNTS 101.
24 Approved by the UN General Assembly on 13 February 1946: 1 UNTS 15 and 90 UNTS 327.
26 Under Art 81 the Convention was opened for signature until 30 November 1969, at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Austria, and subsequently, until 30 April 1970, at United Nations Headquarters in New York; and under Art 83 it is to remain ‘open for accession’ thereafter.
27 [1966] ILC Reports 32.
28 For example, under Art 84 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties itself, the Convention ‘shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the date of deposit of the thirty-fifth instrument of ratification or accession’.
29 Treaty Series No 56 (1949) Cmd 7789.
30 Text available at <http://eru-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:2bf140bf-a3f8-4ab2-b506-fd71826e6da6.0023.02/DOC_1&format=PDF >.
31 Previously, once a favourable decision was taken by the General Assembly, membership became effective on the date on which the applicant State presented to the Secretary-General an instrument of adherence. The first six new members (Afghanistan, Iceland, Pakistan, Sweden, Thailand, and Yemen) were admitted to membership of the United Nations in this way.
32 Sinclair, The Vienna Convention, 230–1; but see S Nahlik, ‘La Conférence de Vienne sur le droit des traités. Une vue d’ensemble’ (1969) 15(1) Annuaire Français de Droit International 48–9.
33 The UN Handbook (at para 3.3.4) indicates that ‘[t]he Secretary-General, as depositary, has tended to treat instruments of ratification that have not been preceded by signature as instruments of accession, and the States concerned have been advised accordingly’.
36 Now the Intergovernmental Maritime Organization (IMO); the consolidated text of the Convention as revised is available at <http://www.imo.org/>.
37 Similar provisions can be found in other IMO Conventions.
38 See Liang in (1950) 44 AJIL 342–9.
41 Questions of an equivalent kind arise in respect of the property of the State in all its forms, the liabilities of the State (including its debts), and the ownership of and access to historical, archival, and cultural materials.
42 1946 UNTS 3.
43 Though the continuity was qualified, for uniting States, by the proviso that the application of inherited treaties would remain limited to the territory to which they originally applied, in other words not to the entire territory of the new State, a limitation that was found particularly difficult to accept in the case of Germany; see further at paragraph 34.41.
44 Though this may in turn require a more active role than the purely neutral and mechanical one that many depositaries had come to accustom themselves to playing.
45 It has also been suggested, notably by monitoring bodies under these instruments, that human rights treaties have a special character, in that their purpose and effect is to guarantee fundamental rights for the benefit of individuals, and that ‘once the people are accorded the protection of the rights under the Covenant, such protection devolves with territory and continues to belong to them, notwithstanding changes in government of the State Party, including dismemberment in more than one State or State succession or any subsequent action of the State Party designed to divest them of the rights guaranteed by the Covenant’: General Comment No 26 of 8 December 1997 by the Committee under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Document CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.8/Rev.1, available at <http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/06b6d70077 b4df2c8025655400387939?Opendocument>.
46 The same distinction is made in the Analyses published by the British government in advance of the referendum on Scottish independence in 2014; see Cm 8554 of February 2013 and Cm 8765 of January 2014, especially the legal expert opinion annexed to the latter.
47 Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v United Kingdom) [1999] ICJ Reports 826, later sub nom. Serbia and Montenegro v United Kingdom [2004] ICJ Reports 1307; Case concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v Yugoslavia) [1996] ICJ Reports 595, [2003] ICJ Reports 7, later sub nom. Bosnia and Herzegovina v Serbia and Montenegro [2003] ICJ Reports 43.
48 For a full account see D Papenfuss, ‘The Fate of the International Treaties of the GDR within the Framework of German Unification’ (1998) 92 AJIL 469, who points out that the GDR had pursued a hyper-active policy of treaty making as a device for seeking recognition.
49 Now see the Treaties and International Agreements website of the Hong Kong Department of Justice: <http://www.legislation.gov.hk/choice.htm>.
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Call Osceola Neurohealth Surgical Associates at (407) 847-0113
Weight-Loss Surgery Typically Pushes Type 2 Diabetes Into Remission
Osceola Neurohealth Surgical /
Weight-Loss Surgery Typically Pushes Type 2 Diabetes Into Remission By Serena Gordon HealthDay Reporter
THURSDAY, Feb. 7, 2019 (HealthDay News) -- As many as 7 out of 10 people with type 2 diabetes can achieve long-term disease remission by having weight-loss surgery called gastric bypass, according to a new Danish study.
The surgery isn't necessarily a cure for type 2 diabetes. Some people who go into remission and appear to no longer have the disease can relapse and start having symptoms again. In this study, 27 percent of people who were in remission relapsed during the five-year follow-up.
But the study also linked gastric bypass surgery to a nearly 50 percent reduction in microvascular complications. These complications include kidney disease, nerve damage and vision problems.
"Patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes should be offered bariatric surgery early on in the course of their disease, while there is still a great chance of diabetes remission," said study lead author Dr. Lene Ring Madsen, from Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark.
There are several types of weight-loss, or bariatric, surgery, including gastric bypass and gastric sleeve.
Gastric bypass, also called Roux-en-Y, involves making the stomach smaller and bypassing part of the small intestine, according to the U.S. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). After this surgery, people get fuller on much less food, and the body doesn't absorb as many calories.
Gastric sleeve surgery (or sleeve gastrectomy) involves removing a portion of your stomach so you get fuller faster, according to NIDDK. This type of surgery has been gaining in popularity, but Madsen said the procedure is newer, so researchers don't yet have long-term data on it.
Although this study didn't look at the reasons gastric bypass can lead to type 2 diabetes remission, Madsen said other studies have suggested that weight loss is one factor. She added that calorie restriction and hormone changes also likely play a role.
Dr. Mitchell Roslin, director of bariatric surgery at Northern Westchester Hospital in Mount Kisco, N.Y., reviewed the findings.
"Patients with the best weight loss have the best resolution of type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms are much more complex than just weight loss," he said.
Roslin said change in the types of foods a person eats, and in how well the body uses insulin, along with changes in glucose (sugar) production in the liver all likely contribute to the improvement in type 2 diabetes.
The current study included more than 1,100 people who had gastric bypass in hospitals in Northern Denmark. The surgeries took place between 2006 and 2015.
Researchers compared the patients who had surgery to nearly 1,100 type 2 diabetics who didn't.
Sixty-five percent of the surgical patients went into diabetes remission within six months. A year after surgery, 74 percent had remission of their type 2 diabetes, the study found. During the first five years after surgery, the remission rate remained at 70 percent or higher.
However, people in the study who were on insulin before the surgery were less likely to go into remission. People who had less control of their blood sugar levels were also less likely to do so. People over 60 also had more trouble attaining remission compared to people under 40.
Those who had type 2 diabetes for a shorter time (fewer than 2.6 years) were more likely to achieve remission.
As time passed, some people's diabetes returned. In the second year, 6 percent relapsed. During the third year, that figure drifted up to 12 percent and by five years, 27 percent had relapsed.
Still, the benefits from the surgery cannot be overlooked. "Bariatric surgery is a real treatment for type 2 diabetes, and it has been underutilized," Roslin said.
He said one of the most important findings was how well the surgery reduced the risk of many diabetes complications.
"People are scared of diabetes," Roslin noted. "They're scared of the blindness and the amputations, and this study shows that bariatric surgery is a treatment that may reduce those complications by 50 percent."
Findings were published Feb. 6 in Diabetologia.
The U.S. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases offers more about weight-loss surgery (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/bariatric-surgery ).
SOURCES: Lene Ring Madsen, M.D., Ph.D., Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Mitchell Roslin, M.D., director, bariatric surgery, Northern Westchester Hospital, Mount Kisco, N.Y.; Feb. 6, 2019, Diabetologia
Osceola Neurohealth Surgical
Osceola Neurohealth Surgical Associates
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You are at:Home»News In Focus»Medical Oncology»Research study provides new clues to improving chemotherapies
Research study provides new clues to improving chemotherapies
By ONA Editor June 26, 2018 No Comments
About half of all drugs, ranging from morphine to penicillin, come from compounds that are from, or have been derived from, nature.
This includes many cancer drugs, which are toxic enough to kill cancer cells.
So how do the organisms that make these toxic substances protect themselves from the harmful effects?
Scientists on the Florida campus of Scripps Research have uncovered a previously unknown mechanism, proteins that cells use to bind to a toxic substance and sequester it from the rest of the organism.
“Thanks to this discovery, we now know something about the mechanisms of resistance that’s never been known before for the enediyne antitumour antibiotics,” says study senior author Ben Shen, PhD, professor and co-chair of the Scripps Research Department of Chemistry.
The work has important implications for understanding how human cancer cells develop resistance to natural product-based chemotherapies.
Furthermore, the microbiome may play a role in drug resistance.
The study was published today in the journal Cell Chemical Biology.
“This mechanism could be clinically relevant for patients getting these drugs, so it’s very important to study it further,” says Shen.
Natural products–chemical compounds produced by living organisms–are considered one of the best sources of new drugs and drug leads.
“They possess enormous structural and chemical diversity compared with molecules that are made in the lab,” Shen says.
Natural products may come from flowers, trees or marine organisms such as sponges.
One of the most common sources, however, is soil-dwelling bacteria.
Shen’s lab is focused on a class of natural products called enediynes.
These compounds come from bacteria called actinomycetes, which are naturally found in the soil.
Two enediyne products are already FDA approved as cancer drugs and are in wide use.
But patients who take them often develop resistance.
After a period of months or years, tumours can stop responding to the chemotherapy and begin growing again.
While how patients develop resistance to these drugs remains largely unknown, scientists have uncovered two mechanisms that bacteria use to protect themselves from enediynes.
“Mechanisms of self-resistance in antibiotic producers serve as outstanding models to predict and combat future drug resistance in a clinical setting,” says Shen.
In the new study, researchers report a third, previously undiscovered resistance mechanism.
It involves three genes called tnmS1, tnmS2 and tnmS3, which encode proteins that allow bacteria to resist the effects of a type of enediynes called tiancimycins.
Shen’s lab is currently studying tiancimycins, which hold great promise for new cancer drugs.
The proteins work by binding to tiancimycins and keeping them separate from the rest of the organism.
After discovering these genes in actinomycetes and how they work, the investigators studied how widespread these genes are in other microorganisms.
They were surprised to find that in addition to actinomycetes, the genes were also present in several microorganisms commonly found in the human microbiota, the collection of microorganisms that naturally inhabit the human body.
“This raises a lot of questions that no one has ever asked before,” Shen says.
“I can rationalise why the producing organism would have these genes, because it needs to protect itself from its own metabolites. But why do other microorganisms need these resistance genes?”.
He notes that it may be possible for gut microbes to pass the products of these genes on to their host–humans–which could contribute to drug resistance.
“These findings raise the possibility that the human microbiota might impact the efficacy of enediyne-based drugs and should be taken into consideration when developing new chemotherapies,” Shen says.
“Future efforts to survey the human microbiome for resistance elements should be an important part of natural product-based drug discovery programs.”
Source: The Scripps Research Institute
A homing beacon for chemotherapy drugs
Carboplatin & paclitaxel chemotherapy alone should remain standard treatment for endometrial cancer
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Michael was an orphan in Ukraine until he was adopted at 12 years then moved to Central California. He has started a nonprofit to help “at-risk” kids called Ambitious Youth Incorporated. “Kids are our future. What we do will make the change in the future.” Michael has volunteered to donate his time to 3 schools of O’ahu to empower teenagers about being resilient to achieve your dreams. He has spoken and participated in Empowering Teachers to Empower Students Workshop on Saturday, April 15, 2017 at MyGoCenter about his endeavor to empower teens.
Michael is obtaining his master’s degree in business finance at Hawaii Pacific University.
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Thank you for submitting your school to win a talk by Michael Vitally Vernon! You will receive a notification by October 15th, 2017 if you're school is selected!
Michael-Vitally Vernon
is a champion athlete in the fitness industry as a coach and model. He’s inspired to help orphans and teenagers to be good examples for others to follow and makes yearly visits to an orphanage in Ukraine, “I can relate to the orphans because I know what it’s like. It reminds me to be humble and level-headed.”
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Brandi puts her mind, heart and soul into each ONE of our SESSIONS. She has helped me move forward in my personal and overall life by creating a more balanced and fulfilled life. Highly recommended to anyone that needs that extra push in life for greater purpose.
— Michael-Vitally Vernon Champion Athlete, Fitness Coach and Model, Philanthropist
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The Mongol Invasion of Russia
Updated on July 15, 2019
Larry Slawson
Larry Slawson received his Masters Degree in History at UNC Charlotte. He specializes in Russian and Ukrainian history.
The Mongol Invasion of Russia; Mid-Thirteenth Century.
In the years 1237 – 1241, an Eastern nomadic people known as the Mongols conquered most of modern-day Russia with the aid of Turkish allies. Rus, divided politically and socially by its numerous principalities, could offer only ill-coordinated resistance against the Mongols as they killed thousands and conquered one Russian town after another. Under the Mongol onslaught, Kievan society was completely shattered and fragmented; allowing the Mongol Khans to control Rus for more than two centuries. From their position of authority in the lower Volga, the Mongols ruled with relative ease, imposing tribute on the various princes of Rus. The effect of this invasion would prove to have long-lasting effects on Russian society for decades and centuries to come.
The Mongols
When the Mongols invaded Russia in the Thirteenth Century, the onslaught was comparable to the “Fifth-Century incursion of Germanic tribes into the Western Roman Empire” (MacKenzie and Curran, 60). Even before advancing into Rus, the Mongols were well-acquainted with reigning death and destruction on their enemies, as they had already conquered (and slaughtered) a large swathe of Asia by the early 1200s. After taking control of Rus in a relatively short span of time, the Mongols continued West into Poland, Hungary, and the Balkans, halting their advance just beyond the Adriatic Sea. If not for the death of a great Khan in Mongolia around this time, Western Europe would have likely suffered a similar fate; however, such things were not meant to be. Regardless of this small setback, at its height, the Mongol Empire stretched all the way from the Eurasian Plains to the Pacific; making it one of the largest empires in human history.
The Mongols were comprised primarily of a series of nomadic tribes and clans that totaled more than a million people (MacKenzie and Curran, 60). Unlike many other civilizations from this period, Mongol religious beliefs were a fusion of shamanism, totemism, and animism, which played only minor roles in their political and social unity. In addition, property was primarily focused around herds of sheep, cattle and camels, with their most prized possessions being the horse. This dedication and attachment to horses proved valuable in warfare, as the Mongols were highly trained for horseback assaults. Even Mongol children, some as young as three years of age, were taught how to ride and fight on horseback. As a result, by adulthood, Mongol warriors were experts at horse-riding.
Early depiction of Genghis Khan, ruler of the Mongol Empire during the early Thirteenth Century. Under his rule, the Mongol Empire thrived militarily and politically. | Source
Rise of Genghis Khan
Genghis-Khan, also known as Temuchin before he became ruler, was the son of a Mongolian chieftain called Esugal. During his early years, Temuchin was well-known in his tribe for both courage and shrewdness, and participated in numerous battles against local tribes. After leading his tribe to victory during a long and bloody campaign, Temuchin managed to bring the Mongolian tribes together under his direct rule, and was confirmed by a great council of clan chieftains known as the Kuriltai, who provided a sense of legitimacy to his newfound power. Re-named Genghis-Khan (or “Supreme Leader”), the Mongolian leader galvanized his new subjects into action around the year 1206, leading the Mongols on a bloody campaign of death and destruction wherever he led his army. Genghis-Khan’s military prowess was unmatched, as warlords, tribes, and entire villages/towns succumbed to his growing military and appetite for conquest. Using primarily bows and arrows atop their horses, Mongolian soldiers were capable of inflicting lightning-fast strikes at full-gallop; taking enemy forces by storm. As a result of these tactics, Genghis-Khan was able to establish (within only a few years) an absolute monarchy for himself within the region, as well as a well-trained and highly disciplined army.
After conquering and subduing his own lands, Genghis-Khan moved his forces into neighboring civilizations throughout Asia, taking control of China, Persia, and Khwarizm within only a few years. At the height of his power, however, Genghis-Khan suddenly died in 1227, leaving his four sons (The “Golden Kin”) to take control of his rapidly growing empire. During the brief peace that followed Genghis-Khan’s death, known as the Pax Mongolica, the Mongols once again readied themselves for future conflict as they began to focus on the development of commercial, political, and economic growth in their newly conquered lands. Leading these new developments and reforms was Genghis-Khan’s son, Ugedei, who was unanimously elected to serve as the new “great khan,” following in his father’s footsteps.
Artistic Depiction of Ugedei's Coronation Ceremony
Coronation of Ugedei. | Source
Invasion of Rus (Modern-Day Russia)
Conflict with Rus (Modern-day Russia) was inevitable, as the Mongols once again began to expand their empire toward the Western frontiers of Asia. At the request of Khan Ugedei, nearly 120,000 Mongol troops were assembled in 1235, where they began a systematic attack on the Volga Bulgars of Russia, conquering and enslaving them swiftly. Despite this invasion, the disorganized and divided Rus princes refused to unify for the sake of their own greedy survival, opening the door for complete takeover by the Mongols only two years later.
Using military tactics first devised by Genghis-Khan, large cavalry forces moving at a lightning-fast pace, attacked the Russian frontier from a variety of directions, overwhelming and encircling anyone who dared to oppose their advance. Opposition to Mongol attack was often met with devastation and slaughter, as the Mongols sought to implement complete and total control over the region. By December of 1237, Genghis-Khan’s grandson, known as Batu, successfully led his troops into the town of Riazan, before rapidly advancing to Moscow, burning it to the ground. Despite Grand Prince Iuri’s attempt to organize an army to oppose the Mongols, he was quickly defeated (and killed) in 1238, allowing Rus’s primary city of Vladimir to be taken over within weeks of his fall. By 1240, the great city of Kiev also fell to the Mongol army, despite a heroic resistance staged by the city’s inhabitants. Between 1240 – 1241, additional cities fell under Mongol control, including Podolia, Galicia, and Volhynia.
Depiction of Batu and the Golden Horde. | Source
Defeat of Rus
With the defeat of Rus secured, the Mongol army continued westward into central Europe, facing off against the armies of both Poland and Hungary in April of 1241. Easily overwhelming central Europe’s defenses and armies, the Mongols continued to press into the heart of Europe, halting just shy of the Adriatic Sea. With every intention of continuing their bloody and merciless campaign against the Europeans, Batu and his army were only stopped by the sudden death of the “Great Khan” Ugedei. Leaving in his wake a “Succession crisis,” Batu was forced to order a withdrawal of his army to the Volga River valley (MacKenzie and Curran, 63). The planned invasion of Central Europe never again materialized, as Mongolian internal politics prevented a return to former military policies in the empire.
"The greatest happiness is to scatter your enemy and drive him before you. To see his cities reduced to ashes. To see those who love him shrouded in tears. And to gather to your bosom his wives and daughters."
— Genghis Khan
The Golden Horde
By 1242, “the outlines of the khanate of Kipchak, generally known as the Golden Horde,” were well underway in the western territories, under the leadership of Khan Batu (MacKenzie and Curran, 63). In the area of the Black and Caspian Seas, as well as the upper Volga, Caucasus, and the Crimea grew the nucleus of this new form of government and power. Enjoying a sense of autonomy from the disintegrating empire, Batu and the Golden Horde established a strong administrative unit around Old Sarai. Although the former Princes of Rus were allowed to remain in power across their territories, the Golden Horde maintained absolute control of the region, and forced each of the princes to swear allegiance to Mongolian rule. As a result, by 1242, nearly all forms of resistance had been eradicated across the region, as the Golden Horde’s power grew mightier and more centralized with each passing day. By using their superior military strength, and by utilizing raids and extreme punitive measures against dissident individuals and towns, the Mongols were able to establish nearly complete control of Russia, at large, by the 1250s. For the Mongol conquerors, fear became a weapon of choice when dealing with its subjects in the early stages of their rule.
Rus became a beneficial source of both taxes and army recruits in the years and decades that followed. Despite their initial use of terror, the Mongols also introduced numerus reforms in the region, including the Diwan system of governance, as well as a renewed system of commerce and trade (in particular, international trade). Because of their widespread control of Asia and Eastern Europe, such initiatives were made easier by the opening of traditionally closed-off borders, allowing merchants and traders to travel freely along various routes and towns.
Before reading this article, were you aware that the Mongols took complete control of Rus (Russia) during the Thirteenth Century?
Despite their reforms and efforts to stabilize Rus, the Golden Horde began to rapidly collapse after nearly a century of total control. Suffering from political fragmentation in the early Fourteenth Century, the Horde faced numerous instances of internal divide that reached a peak with the crisis of 1360. Weakened by familial feuds, Rus’s Princes began to receive unparalleled levels of autonomy from the Mongols, as the desperate conquerors sought to maintain a sense of stability. By the mid-Fifteenth Century, however, the Golden Horde was finally crippled beyond repair and disintegrated as quickly as it had began nearly two centuries prior.
Despite being conquered and subjected to varying degrees of violence and taxation, Russia emerged from their conquered state with numerous advances in their political, social, cultural, economic, military and linguistic realms, thanks to the Mongol leadership. Thus, the impact of the Mongol invasion on Rus can be viewed as neither negative or wholly positive in the long-term (MacKenzie and Curran, 73).
Articles / Books:
MacKenzie, David and Michael Curran. A History of Russia, the Soviet Union, and Beyond. 6th Edition. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Thomson Learning, 2002.
Images / Photographs:
Wikipedia contributors, "Mongol Empire," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mongol_Empire&oldid=903357676 (accessed July 3, 2019).
© 2019 Larry Slawson
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Home » Encyclopedia Entry » Onslow County (1734)
Onslow County (1734)
Written by Jonathan Martin
A southern coastal county of North Carolina, Onslow County has a deep history. In 1524, the first European explorers encountered Native Americans on the coast of what is now present-day Onslow County. Giovanni de Verrazzano, a French sailor and explorer, arrived off the coast of North Carolina, somewhere between the Bogue and New River Inlets. An exploratory party of sailors was sent to find drinkable water, and as the party neared the beach Indians emerged from the forest.
After the Tuscarora War (1711-1714) European settlers began to inhabit the southern coastal frontier of North Carolina. The area was originally part of Bath County and the Craven Precinct, but in 1734 the General Assembly established Onslow from the Carteret and New Hanover Counties. The county is named in honor of Sir Arthur Onslow, Speaker of the British House of Commons from 1728 until 1761.
In 1741 the town of Johnston, named in honor of Governor Gabriel Johnston, was designated the seat of government, and a courthouse was soon erected. However, an arsonist set the building ablaze in 1744, and in September 1752, a destructive hurricane destroyed the rebuilt courthouse; many citizens subsequently left Johnston. After the evacuation of Johnston, city leaders moved the seat to a more central location, and in 1755 Wantland’s Ferry on New River became the county seat. Wantland’s Ferry was eventually renamed Jacksonville after President Andrew Jackson and incorporated in 1842.
Several events distinguish Onslow’s history from surrounding counties. During the Revolution year of 1776, several militiamen from Duplin, Brunswick, and Onslow gathered to quell a Tory uprising in Wilmington. The event was short-lived because the Loyalists and Cape Fear militias were hesitant to start a battle. In the 1820s, as rumors of slave rebellions spread throughout the state, eighty runaway slaves absconded into the swamps of Onslow. For twenty-six days, Colonel William L. Hill and two militia detachments unsuccessfully searched for the slaves. In mid-September of 1821, the crisis had dissipated.
During the colonial period, Onslow’s economy centered around agriculture, forest products, and fishing. Indian corn and peas were the principal crops of the county, and many raised livestock; wealthy citizens of the county such as Samuel Johnston Jr., dallied with indigo. Gristmills and less numerous sawmills constituted Onslow’s beginning manufacturing industry. Shipbuilding was prevalent throughout the Revolution and the War of 1812. Otway Burns, the captain of the Snap Dragon during the War of 1812, provided the funds for construction of the Prometheus, the first steamboat built in North Carolina. Constructed in 1818 in Swansboro, the Prometheus was the tour boat of President James Monroe, who cruised the Wilmington harbor and North Carolina coast in 1819. In the 1920s Onslow farmers grew corn, tobacco, and cotton while a lumber boom occurred throughout the county.
After World War II, Camp Davis and Camp Lejeune, two military installations built within Onslow County, transformed the economy and demographics of Jacksonville and the surrounding area. Camp Davis, an anti-aircraft training outpost, was operated for only a few years from 1941 to 1944. Camp Lejeune was opened in 1941 and it quickly became the most refined Marine Corps training installation in the world.
Edward Bishop Dudley, the first popularly elected governor of North Carolina, was an Onslow resident. Dudley was a county representative from 1811 until 1813 and he served as a senator in 1814. He eventually became a U.S. congressman after he had moved to Wilmington, and he is credited as a founder of the North Carolina Whig Party. Dudley was elected as North Carolina’s governor in 1836.
Besides the county seat of Jacksonville, Onslow has several other towns in its borders. Holly Ridge, Richlands, Swansboro, North Topsail Beach, and Sneads Ferry. Also, the U.S. Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune, spans across 150,000 acres of the county. Palo Alto, the largest plantation in antebellum Onslow County, is located on White Oak River, and Rich Lands is another plantation in the region.
“A Brief History of Onslow County.” Onslow County Museum website. http://www.onslowcountync.gov/museum/right.aspx?id=3902.
The Tar Heel State: A History of North Carolina. Milton Ready. (University of South Carolina Press: Columbia, SC 2005).
North Carolina Through Four Centuries. William S. Powell. (University of North Carolina Press: Chapel Hill, NC 1989).
Onslow County: A Brief History. Alan D. Watson. (North Carolina Division of Archives and History, N.C. Department of Cultural Resources, Raleigh, NC 1995).
Colonial North Carolina
Early America
Revolution Era
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Door-to-door Organics brings freshness home
May 05, 2006 by Administratorin Latest
If you’ve been looking for a way to cook and eat healthier, but don’t have the time, energy, or patience to trek down to the store, choose yourself a cornucopia of fresh fruits and vegetables, and then come up with recipes to make all that work appetizing – relax. There’s still hope. Why not try one of those door-to-door fruit box services? North Denver now has one of its own.
For a low cost – about $30 for a box to feed the average family of 4 – you can have your fruits and vegetables delivered, recipe and all, right to your door. Best of all, everything you receive can be organic, most of it locally grown, and it’ll be far fresher than most of the produce you’d typically find in the grocery aisle.
“Even when you shop at Whole Foods,” says Michael, a partner at Door-to-Door Organics, one such delivery service, “it’s been harvested somewhere else, packed, refrigerated, trucked, left on a dock, stored, then put out on the shelf. It could be a week old by the time you get it. We get our food direct from the growers, and move it out immediately – it’s often on doorsteps with 48 hours.”
With a small office in Denargo Market, Door-to-Door Organics doesn’t look like a big grocery operation – and it isn’t. Three partners own the company, and each take their turn helping pack and deliver the produce. And with a delivery route that goes as far south as Colorado Springs, as far west as Gypsum, takes in Denver, Boulder, and Fort Collins, and goes as far north and east as parts of Nebraska and Cheyenne, they’re busy.
“When I first came to the idea,” says David, the company’s founder, “I went to my dad and asked, ‘hey, I’ve got this idea – could you lend me some money?’ He lent me the money, and six weeks later I went back to him, handed him back the money I’d borrowed, and said ‘here’s your money – how would you feel about helping me work on all these vegetables instead?’”
But the difference in quality, efficiency, and convenience makes working with the three former roommates a real pleasure. Each week, subscribers to the service get an email reminder that their delivery day is coming, and can log on to a website and make up to three substitutions to a “menu” of fruits and vegetables that’s been selected from staples like potatoes, broccoli, and carrots as well as whatever seasonal produce is growing locally. The produce arrives with a recipe utilizing the service’s featured product of the week, and can even come with wild Alaskan salmon and fair-trade organic coffee. There are four different sizes of box, and the box can come packed with all fruits, all vegetables, or a mixture.
“And you’re not married to us at all,” says Michael. “You can cancel the service at any time, and if you’re going on vacation you can put a hold on your order for as long as you need to.”
But what’s really great about a box service – especially one like Door-to-Door Organics – is that you’re directly helping the local community, and the network of local organic farmers who use services like these to compete in a world of big agriculture. You can even order through a co-op, bringing in several customers to receive orders at a lower price, and the service will give back some part of the proceeds to the co-op’s organization – a school, church, soccer club, or whatever.
To learn more, email Door-to-Door Organics— [email protected]
About the author Administrator
New Businesses flood North Denver
Two new stores on Tennyson Street join a virtual avalanche of new businesses opening up in North Denver this month...
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Eugénie Audribu
Grave site information of Eugénie Audribu (1840 - 1925) at Cimetière général de Beauvais in Beauvais, Oise, Picardie, France from BillionGraves
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Cimetière général de Beauvais
20-24 Rue de Calais
Beauvais, Oise, Picardie
stephane houze
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Jean Jacques Zoëllin
Jacques Zoëllin
Fritz Zoëllin
Pauline Lecluse
Not Available - 1909
Augustine Bertrand
Eugène Zoëllin
Emile Félix Lecluse
Grave Site of Eugénie
Eugénie Audribu is buried in the Cimetière général de Beauvais at the location displayed on the map below. This GPS information is ONLY available at BillionGraves. Our technology can help you find the gravesite and other family members buried nearby.
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Life timeline of Eugénie Audribu
Eugénie Audribu was born in 1840
Eugénie Audribu was 19 years old when Petroleum is discovered in Titusville, Pennsylvania leading to the world's first commercially successful oil well. Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface. It is commonly refined into various types of fuels. Components of petroleum are separated using a technique called fractional distillation, i.e. separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.
Eugénie Audribu was 22 years old when U.S. President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring the freedom of all slaves in Confederate territory by January 1, 1863. Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through the American Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy.
Eugénie Audribu was 34 years old when Winston Churchill, English colonel, journalist, and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965) Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory in the Second World War. Churchill represented five constituencies during his career as Member of Parliament (MP). Ideologically an economic liberal and British imperialist, he began and ended his parliamentary career as a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955, but for twenty years from 1904 he was a prominent member of the Liberal Party.
Eugénie Audribu was 45 years old when Louis Pasteur successfully tests his vaccine against rabies on Joseph Meister, a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog. Louis Pasteur was a French biologist, microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization. He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and prevention of diseases, and his discoveries have saved many lives ever since. He reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax. His medical discoveries provided direct support for the germ theory of disease and its application in clinical medicine. He is best known to the general public for his invention of the technique of treating milk and wine to stop bacterial contamination, a process now called pasteurization. He is regarded as one of the three main founders of bacteriology, together with Ferdinand Cohn and Robert Koch, and is popularly known as the "father of microbiology".
Eugénie Audribu was 55 years old when George VI of the United Kingdom (d. 1952) George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth.
Eugénie Audribu was 63 years old when The Wright brothers make their first attempt to fly with the Wright Flyer at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, were two American aviators, engineers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who are generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane. They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17, 1903, four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. In 1904–05 the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. Although not the first to build experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.
Eugénie Audribu was 77 years old when Tsar Nicholas II of Russia was forced to abdicate in the February Revolution, ending three centuries of Romanov rule. Nicholas II or Nikolai II, known as Saint Nicholas in the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917. His reign saw the fall of the Russian Empire from one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. He was given the nickname Nicholas the Bloody or Vile Nicholas by his political adversaries due to the Khodynka Tragedy, anti-Semitic pogroms, Bloody Sunday, the violent suppression of the 1905 Russian Revolution, the executions of political opponents, and his perceived responsibility for the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905). Soviet historians portray Nicholas as a weak and incompetent leader whose decisions led to military defeats and the deaths of millions of his subjects.
Eugénie Audribu died in 1925 at the age of 85
Browse > France > Picardie > Cimetière général de Beauvais > Eugénie Audribu
Grave record for Eugénie Audribu (1840 - 1925), BillionGraves Record 3040029 Beauvais, Oise, Picardie, France
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Interventions, perceptions of accommodations, and motivating factors impacting the achievement and successful mainstreaming transition of English language learners
by Atchley, Desiree, Ed.D., Lindenwood University, 2009, 161; 3390645
This study was inspired by the many English language learners who have overcome the struggles of achieving proficiency in English. The district studied is a small school district with approximately 1850 students. In 1999, there were 148 Hispanic students, and this number has more than doubled in the last nine years. For a school that was basically void of diversity twenty years ago, it is now a school in which almost one-fifth of its population is a second language learner. Currently over seven languages are represented in its population, and those numbers continue to grow. The district has faced many challenges as it has progressed towards the embracing and educating of English language learners. First, attitudes of the community had to be overcome. Second, programs had to be developed and implemented to best fulfill the needs of these children, and last, educators had to be trained and equipped to use best practices for teaching English language learners. In the midst of these obstacles, high-stakes testing was implemented, which magnified the challenges. Despite the obstacles, many students in the district are successfully mainstreaming into the regular classroom and achieving academic proficiency as measured by grades, norm-referenced exams, criterion-referenced exams, and standardized language proficiency tests. This study was an in-depth observation of a rural school district's educational programs for ELL students. The purpose was to discover patterns of teaching and learning that help ELL students become proficient. Attitudes, motivating factors, and test data were studied to gain insight for continued school improvement. The information was presented in a descriptive manner, and the study included both qualitative and quantitative data.
Advisor: Reid, Terry
Commitee: DeVore, Sherry, Hayter, Doug
School: Lindenwood University
School Location: United States -- Missouri
Source: DAI-A 71/02, Dissertation Abstracts International
Subjects: English as a Second Language, Curriculum development
Keywords: Academic proficiency, Achievement, English as a second language, English language learner, Mainstreaming, Second language learner
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Oxford & Aylesbury Tramroad – 0-4-0WT – Aveling & Porter
Power Classification
Introduced 1872
Designer Aveling & Porter
Company Oxford & Aylesbury Tramway
Weight 9t 16cwt
Driving Wheels 3ft 0ins
Boiler Pressure 160psi
Cylinders 7¾in x 10in
Tractive Effort
This locomotive was built by Aveling & Porter at Rochester as works number 807. It was acquired for £400 for the original Oxford & Aylesbury Tramroad which later became the Brill branch of the Metropolitan Railway.
As the locomotive was only capable of a running at speeds up to 4mph it was considered to be unsuitable when the demands on the railway increased. It was withdrawn from service in 1894.
It was sold to the Blisworth and Stowe Brick & Tile Co at Nether Heyford in Northamptonshire. The brickworks closed in 1940 and was then used as an ammunition store by the War Department. 807 remained stored until 1950 when it was purchased by the Industrial Locomotive Society.
In 1951 London Transport agreed to hold it in safe custody at Neasden Depot until a final home was ready for it. The locomotive was cosmetically restored by London Transport to its as near as possible to its original condition. In 1957 it was officially handed over to the British Transport Commission for display at the Museum of British Transport at Clapham.
It was transferred to the new London Transport Museum at Covent Garden in 1980. When the London Transport Museum was closed for refurbishment the locomotive was loaned to the Buckinghamshire Railway Centre.
On loan to Buckinghamshire Railway Centre On static display London Transport Museum
807 at the Buckinghamshire Railway Centre – May 2010
Back to Metropolitan Railway
Back to Aveling & Porter
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Meyer Sound Laboratories Inc.
An Ongoing History of Innovation in Audio Engineering
Since its founding, Meyer Sound has been devoted to meeting the needs of sound reinforcement professionals with the finest products available, the industry�s most extensive and knowledgeable customer support, and high-level technical education.
The 1970s saw sound equipment for live performance increase in power capability, but not in reliability or fidelity. In 1979, John and Helen Meyer established Meyer Sound to create and support high-quality products for sound reinforcement and recording, designed to meet the real challenges faced by audio practitioners. Today, the company�s history shows a track record of more than 30 years of innovation, quality, performance and support.
Meyer Sound has more than 300 employees at its Berkeley, Calif., headquarters and satellite offices, including one of the largest engineering staffs (in proportion to company size) in the audio industry. International sales and support are supplied by more than half a dozen offices around the globe. The company works closely with professionals in all areas of sound reinforcement, gathering information on customers� needs and providing the tools, training, technical support and information to enable the best experience possible for sound system users and audiences alike. Meyer Sound products are manufactured entirely at its Berkeley factory, where high technology is combined with hand craftwork. By performing core processes in house, the company is able to exercise the control to insure its quality standards are met and that each unit is exactly the same as the last.
John and Helen Meyer have been personally involved with the performing arts for years, which has given them a feeling for the role of technology in the arts. Meyer Sound is often involved directly with the performing arts at both corporate and individual levels, locally in Berkeley and worldwide. This is one more way that the company stays in touch with the real reason for its existence.
sales@meyersound.com
Phone: +1 510 486.1166
Fax: +1 510 486.8356
CA 94702 Berkeley
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Suzie Baker
Suzie Baker is an award-winning artist whose paintings have been featured in Fine Art Connoisseur, Plein Air, and Southwest Art Magazines. She has been named “Three to Watch” by both Southwest Art and Fine Art Connoisseur. She serves on the board of directors and is a signature member of Oil Painters of America and regularly exhibits in prestigious national shows and invitationals. In addition to being a still life and portrait artist, Suzie has been painting en plein air since she was a teenager. Suzie teaches workshops nationally and at The Woodlands Art League in The Woodlands, Texas, where she lives with her husband and two children.
Original oil paintings at PitzersArt.com by artist Suzie Baker, who is a plein air painter known for her portraits, still-lifes and landscapes
10 x 8 in
Confluence, 2018
Country Store, 2017
Down on Creation, 2018
Oil on Linen Panel
Lamar Valley
Pasture Glow
Red Hot Peppers
Sierra Morning / View From Camp
Sliver of Zion, 2018
Zion Palette, 2018
Zion's Patterns, 2018
Zion's Reflection, 2018
Big Bend Close of Day, 2017
https://pitzersart.com/art/broken-arrow-by-suzie-baker
https://pitzersart.com/art/confluence-by-suzie-baker
https://pitzersart.com/art/country-store-by-suzie-baker
https://pitzersart.com/art/down-on-creation-by-suzie-baker
https://pitzersart.com/art/good-times-by-suzie-baker
https://pitzersart.com/art/lamar-valley-by-suzie-baker
https://pitzersart.com/art/pasture-glow-by-suzie-baker
https://pitzersart.com/art/red-hot-peppers-by-suzie-baker
https://pitzersart.com/art/sierra-morning-view-from-cam-by-suzie-baker
https://pitzersart.com/art/sliver-of-zion-by-suzie-baker
https://pitzersart.com/art/zion-palette-by-suzie-baker
https://pitzersart.com/art/zions-patterns-by-suzie-baker
https://pitzersart.com/art/zions-reflection-by-suzie-baker
https://pitzersart.com/art/big-bend-close-of-day-by-suzie-baker
Suzie Baker is an award-winning artist whose paintings have been featured in Fine Art Connoisseur, Plein Air, and Southwest Art Magazines. She has been named “Three to Watch” by both Southwest Art and Fine Art Connoisseur. She serves on the board of directors and is a signature member of Oil Painters of America and regularly exhibits in prestigious national shows and invitationals. In addition to being a still life and portrait artist, Suzie has been painting en plein air since she was a teenager. Suzie teaches workshops nationally and at The Woodlands Art League in The Woodlands, Texas, where she lives with her husband and two children. Original oil paintings at PitzersArt.com by artist Suzie Baker, who is a plein air painter known for her portraits, still-lifes and landscapes
https://cdn.artcld.com/img/w_400,h_400,c_fill/iyp1hsx3zcu1m4a0jrjb.jpg
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Free Wednesday Walking Tours: Oakland Civic Center (Forbes Avenue Area)
« Two Faces of Urban Renewal: Gateway Center and Market Square Walking Tour (Downtown Pittsburgh)
South Side Walking Tour »
Reservations appreciated: marylu@phlf.org; 412-471-5808, ext. 527
This walking tour focuses on six major buildings constructed between the 1890s and 1970s, bordering Schenley Plaza and near Forbes Avenue: the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, Frick Fine Arts Building, Posvar Hall, Cathedral of Learning, and Heinz Chapel. The Oakland Civic Center is a place of big gifts and big dreams, inspired by the City Beautiful movement that flourished in the 1890s and 1900s. The dreamers included John G. Bowman, chancellor of the University of Pittsburgh, Edward M. Bigelow, city director of public works, and Franklin Nicola, developer. And the donors included Mary Schenley, Andrew Carnegie, Henry Phipps, Andrew Mellon, and the Heinz family. Hear the story of this celebrated neighborhood’s development and explore this architecturally significant center of education and culture on a free guided walking tour with PHLF.
Meeting location: Corner of Forbes Avenue and Schenley Drive Extension, near the outdoor statue of the Dinosaur
Ending location: Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Special note: If you are interested in joining the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh’s historical tour of its building, beginning at 11:00 a.m., please let our tour guide know at the beginning of our tour or sign up for a historical tour in advance at www.carnegielibrary.org/tours
Events, Tours & Events, Walking Tours
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Arts and Entertainment District Reception
Guests enjoy an afternoon at the Arts and Entertainment District reception, hosted by the Longmont Downtown Development Authority, at the Callahan House Garden in Longmont on Tuesday, July 17, 2012.
(Greg Lindstrom/Times-Call)
ArtsLongmont Downtown Development Authorityarts and entertainment districtcallahan house gardenlongmont
Intercambio Uniting Communities
Yolanda Muñoz, 37, of Longmont, practices writing questions during an english class with Intercambio Uniting Communities at Casa de la Esperanza in Longmont on Monday, July 16, 2012. The group class meets every Monday evening.
IntercambioUniting Communitiescasa de la esperanzaenligshspanishteachinglanguagelongmontclass
Magdalena Wells, right, 36, of Longmont, instructs Maria Jimenez, 40, of Longmont, and other members during an english class with Intercambio Uniting Communities at Casa de la Esperanza in Longmont on Monday, July 16, 2012. The group class meets every Monday evening.
Members of a group english class with Intercambio Uniting Communities practices asking questions at Casa de la Esperanza in Longmont on Monday, July 16, 2012. The group class meets every Monday evening.
Magdalena Wells, left, 36, of Longmont, instructs Norma Cabrera, 40, of Longmont, and other members during an english class with Intercambio Uniting Communities at Casa de la Esperanza in Longmont on Monday, July 16, 2012. The group class meets every Monday evening.
Obama Campaign Office
Colorado state Rep. Matt Jones speaks to the audience during the official opening of the field office for President Barack Obama's Colorado re-election campaign. The office is located at 1811 Hover St. in Longmont. For more photos and a video visit http://www.timescall.com.
Campaignfield officeelection 2012obamapresidentlongmont
A cardboard cutout of President Barack Obama sits in the corner as guests mingle prior to the start of the official opening of the field office for President Barack Obama's Colorado re-election campaign on Monday, July 16, 2012. Thompson plans to volunteer at the office. The office is located at 1811 Hover St. in Longmont. For more photos and a video visit http://www.timescall.com.
Bruce Pizzimenti, of Longmont, stands next to a cardboard cutout of President Barack Obama prior to the start of the official opening of the field office for President Barack Obama's Colorado re-election campaign on Monday, July 16, 2012. Thompson plans to volunteer at the office. The office is located at 1811 Hover St. in Longmont. For more photos and a video visit http://www.timescall.com.
Pat Thompson, of Longmont, waits for the official opening of the field office for President Barack Obama's Colorado re-election campaign on Monday, July 16, 2012. Thompson plans to volunteer at the office. The office is located at 1811 Hover St. in Longmont. For more photos and a video visit http://www.timescall.com.
Longmont mayor Dennis Coombs addresses the audience at the official opening of the field office for President Barack Obama's Colorado re-election campaign on Monday, July 16, 2012. The office is located at 1811 Hover St. in Longmont. For more photos and a video visit http://www.timescall.com.
Guests mingle at the official opening of the field office for President Barack Obama's Colorado re-election campaign on Monday, July 16, 2012. The office is located at 1811 Hover St. in Longmont. For more photos and a video visit http://www.timescall.com.
Informational fliers at the official opening of the field office for President Barack Obama's Colorado re-election campaign on Monday, July 16, 2012. The office is located at 1811 Hover St. in Longmont. For more photos and a video visit http://www.timescall.com.
Pat Thompson, of Longmont, waits for the official opening of the field office for President Barack Obama's Colorado re-election campaign on Monday, July 16, 2012. Thompson plans to volunteer at the office. The office is located at 1811 Hover St. in Longmont. For a video visit http://www.timescall.com.
Longmont mayor Dennis Coombs addresses the audience at the official opening of the field office for President Barack Obama's Colorado re-election campaign on Monday, July 16, 2012. The office is located at 1811 Hover St. in Longmont. For a video visit http://www.timescall.com.
Guests mingle at the official opening of the field office for President Barack Obama's Colorado re-election campaign on Monday, July 16, 2012. The office is located at 1811 Hover St. in Longmont. For a video visit http://www.timescall.com.
Informational fliers at the official opening of the field office for President Barack Obama's Colorado re-election campaign on Monday, July 16, 2012. The office is located at 1811 Hover St. in Longmont. For a video visit http://www.timescall.com.
Bull Riding Brothers
Clayton Lance, 8, and his brother Colton Lance, 6, pose for a portrait at their Longmont home on Thursday, July 12, 2012.
Bull Riding Brothersclaytoncoltonlancelongmontmutton busting
GUN_RANGE_PUBLIC_OPEN
Longmont resident Chris Anderson fires off a round at a target, Friday, July 13, 2012 at the Longmont Police Department and Boulder County Sheriff's Office Firing Range and Training Center. The range opened to the public for the first time on Friday.
(Matthew Jonas/Times-Call)
Longmont Police Officer Robert Black adjusts a target retriever while setting up the range for public use, Friday, July 13, 2012 at the Longmont Police Department and Boulder County Sheriff's Office Firing Range and Training Center. The range opened to the public for the first time on Friday.
Longmont Police Cmdr. Tim Lewis makes last minute adjustments to the range, Friday, July 13, 2012 at the Longmont Police Department and Boulder County Sheriff's Office Firing Range and Training Center. The range opened to the public for the first time on Friday.
Empty shell casings lie in a pile near a booth, Friday, July 13, 2012 at the Longmont Police Department and Boulder County Sheriff's Office Firing Range and Training Center. The range opened to the public for the first time on Friday.
Longmont resident Chris Anderson helps to clean up shell casings during a break while adjustments are made to the range, Friday, July 13, 2012 at the Longmont Police Department and Boulder County Sheriff's Office Firing Range and Training Center. Anderson was the first person to arrive at the range when it opened to the public.
Longmont resident Chris Anderson staples a fresh target to the target retriever, Friday, July 13, 2012 at the Longmont Police Department and Boulder County Sheriff's Office Firing Range and Training Center. The range opened to the public for the first time on Friday.
RHYTHM_ON_THE_RIVER
Freddi (CQ) Gowdy, dances while Chris Daniels and the Kings perform on the Grove Stage during the opening night of Rhythm on the River, Friday, July 13, 2012 at Roger's Grove. The festival runs July 13 and 14. It features live music, food, and a variety of entertainment for children and adults.
Abby Seachrist plays with Oliver Edgette, 3, both of Longmont, while Chris Daniels and the Kings perform on the Grove Stage during the opening night of Rhythm on the River, Friday, July 13, 2012 at Roger's Grove. The festival runs July 13 and 14. It features live music, food, and a variety of entertainment for children and adults.
Conner Peavey, 9, of Niwot, cools off at a cooling station during the opening night of Rhythm on the River, Friday, July 13, 2012 at Roger's Grove. The festival runs July 13 and 14. It features live music, food, and a variety of entertainment for children and adults.
during the opening night of Rhythm on the River, Friday, July 13, 2012 at Roger's Grove. The festival runs July 13 and 14. It features live music, food, and a variety of entertainment for children and adults.
20100423_RMH_COUPLES_LINDQUIST
Fred and Luella Lindquist, pictured at their Longmont home on Friday, April 23, 2010. The Lindquist's have been married for almost 54 years. (Richard M. Hackett/Times-Call)
20100423RMHCOUPLESLINDQUIST
Woodland Heights Fire
20120623_ESTES_FIRE_276.jpg A helicopter dumps water on the Woodland Heights fire as it burns near Estes Park and Rocky Mountain National Park on Saturday, June 23, 2012.
Woodland Heights Firehigh park fireestes parkrocky mountain national parkwildfirecabin
Stone Cup
Louis Cantu, of Super Painting, works on trim at The Stone Kitchen in Lyons on Wednesday, July 11, 2012. The new restaurant is anticipating opening by the end of the month.
Stone Cuplyonsrestaurantcoffeebusiness
Konchok Tenzin, owner of Super Painting, works on the door trim at The Stone Kitchen in Lyons on Wednesday, July 11, 2012. The new restaurant is anticipating opening by the end of the month.
Jerry Alvarez, front, and Louis Cantu, Super Painting employees, paint The Stone Kitchen in Lyons on Wednesday, July 11, 2012. The new restaurant is anticipating opening by the end of the month.
Jonathan Kornbluth, right, poses for a portrait with Mindy and Sam Tallent at The Stone Cup in Lyons on Wednesday, July 11, 2012. The trio are in the process of opening The Stone Kitchen next door to The Stone Cup.
Auction Genius
Auction Genius co-founders, from left, Kyle Himmerick, Todd Kinzel and Andy Welch pose for a portrait in their Longmont office on Wednesday, July 11, 2012.
Auction GeniusvAutolongmontbusiness
The Suites Dedication
Michael Reis, center, director of the Longmont Housing Authority, mingles with guests at a dedication ceremony at The Suites, an affordable housing location, on Tuesday, July 10, 2012. For a video visit http://www.timescall.com.
(Greg Lindstrom/Times-Call)ss
The SuitesDedicationceremonyaffordable housinglow income
Aliza Bashor, 3, points to a sticker he placed on his dog, Shivers, as it rests in Thomas Bashor's overalls, during a dedication ceremony at The Suites, an affordable housing location, on Tuesday, July 10, 2012. The Bashors live with Shivers at The Suites, and have been there for about seven months. For a video visit http://www.timescall.com.
Krystal Winship Erazo, with the Longmont Housing Authority, laughs during a dedication ceremony at The Suites, an affordable housing location, on Tuesday, July 10, 2012. For a video visit http://www.timescall.com.
Guests mingle during a dedication ceremony at The Suites, an affordable housing location, on Tuesday, July 10, 2012. For a video visit http://www.timescall.com.
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Dmitri Trenin
Director of Carnegie Center
Dmitri Trenin, director of the Carnegie Moscow Center, has been with the center since its inception. He also chairs the research council and the Foreign and Security Policy Program.
He retired from the Russian Army in 1993. From 1993–1997, Trenin held a post as a senior research fellow at the Institute of Europe in Moscow. In 1993, he was a senior research fellow at the NATO Defense College in Rome.
He served in the Soviet and Russian armed forces from 1972 to 1993, including experience working as a liaison officer in the external relations branch of the Group of Soviet Forces (stationed in Potsdam) and as a staff member of the delegation to the U.S.-Soviet nuclear arms talks in Geneva from 1985 to 1991. He also taught at the War Studies Department of the Military Institute from 1986 to 1993.
Separation from Ukraine is good for Russia's future
Conflictbeheersing is het beste dat Poetin en Trump kunnen bereiken
Stop NATO blame game, East and West must urgently talk to ease tensions
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Tag Archives: ISRO
India’s Pride: A Landmark Mars Mission
08/12/2013 Blogs (Articles)ISRO, Mangalyaan, Mars Mission, NASA, SarabhaiRajesh Kochhar
Power Politics ( Delhi) December 2013
http://www.powerpolitics.in/Issues/December2013/page31.php
On 5 November 2013, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) successfully launched its Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM).
The poverty argument
The Times, London, noted the event by launching a virulent attack on India for its split personality. One third of Indian population has no access to a private lavatory. As many as 1.7 million Indian children die due to preventable diseases. Of those who survive, half suffer from malnutrition. Such a country, noted the London paper, has no right to squander money on such luxuries as space programme; it should rather utilize its resources in removing poverty and deprivation. The sentiments expressed are unexceptional. They would have more convincing if there was a consistency in the criticism of India’s profligacy.
I do not think The Times ever wrote an editorial criticizing Indian middle class’s lust for consumerism, or India’s squandering of its limited resources on such ecologically harmful items as motor cars. Since such expenditures are good for the Western economy, they are welcome. But whenever India achieves anything of strategic or geo-political significance, poverty argument is thrown at its face. It is nobody’s point that India should keep a very substantial part of its large population in extreme poverty. It is also conceded that the efforts which India should be making in this direction are not being made.
The amount of money being spent on prestige-oriented projects is a very small fraction of Indian GDP which does not come in the way of poverty alleviation. If India should drastically improve its education system, school upwards, pay attention to agricultural and industrial production, base its economy on science rather than services, and integrate prestige-building, technology-based programmes into the economy.poverty is not being removed, it is not because money is being transferred to the space programme but because there is no collective political will to do so.
The Mars Mission has cost Indian exchequer no more than $75 million. How small the amount is can be seen from the fact that in the fiscal year 2011- 12, India spent as much as $ 519 million on cosmetics and toiletries and related items such as essential oils.
It is conceded by everybody that Indian space programme is exceedingly good value for money. If the Indian space programme falters in the future, it will not be because of shortage of money but because of paucity of manpower. India created ISRO on the lines of NASA, but it did not create anything on the lines of the US National Defence Education Act.
Regrettably, in recent years, the Indian state has used globalization as an excuse to abdicate its responsibility in the vital area of education, including science education.
India should drastically improve its education system, school upwards, pay attention to agricultural and industrial production, base its economy on science rather than services, and integrate prestige-building, technology-based programmes into the economy. Such programmes should not be an artificially created oasis in the midst of a vast desert, but part of a large landscape.
For full text see
Indian Mission to Mars: panel discussion on Dayandnightnews
10/11/2013 Blogs (Articles)Indian Mars Mission, ISRO, Mangalyaan, Rajesh KochharRajesh Kochhar
For a panel discussion in Hindi on India’s Mars Mission, please see
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJe7GqxWqbQ
India’s lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan – I in a wider context
19/04/2010 Blogs (Articles)Carle Pieters, Chace, chandrayaan, cryogenic engine, flat technology, Indian Moon mission, international geophysical year, ISRO, Jawaharlal Nehru, Lehman brothers, M3, Mars, mini-SAR, MIP, Nain Tal Observatory, NASA, Paul Spudis, rising technology, space colonizaion, water on MoonRajesh Kochhar
India successfully launched its first unmanned spacecraft, Chandrayaan-I, on 22 October 2008. On 14 November 2008, it entered its final operational orbit at a height of 100 km from the lunar surface. The same day, Moon Impact Probe (MIP) was released to hit the southern pole of the Moon .Much to the delight of the Indians, the Probe deposited India’s national flag on the Moon. The choice of the date was significant. 14 November is the birthday of Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first prime minister and a great supporter of science and technology.
Chandrayaan carried eleven thematically integrated scientific payloads, five from India, three from European Space Agency (ESA), two from USA and one from Bulgaria. All the experiments aimed at creating a high-resolution map of the lunar surface and the minerals beneath it. Although the mission was originally planned to last two years, it had to be aborted on 30 August 2009, once the craft lost radio contact with the earth. It however did provide valuable data while it lasted.
The most spectacular early scientific results from the mission came from the two US payloads; a mineral explorer nick-named M3; and a radar named mini-SAR. They provided first direct confirmation of presence of water in the form of ice on the Moon. The M3 paper, with Carle Pieters as the lead author, was published in Science on 24 October 2009. It was followed by the mini-SAR paper, with Paul Spudis as the first author, which appeared in the 22 December 2009 issue of Geophysical Research Letters. The Americans handsomely acknowledged the contribution of Indian space technologists. Pieters went on record declaring that “If it were not for them, we would not have been able to make the discovery”.
Like Indian Space Research Organization’s earlier missions this one was also a remote sensing satellite except that Chandrayaan-I focused on the Moon rather than the Earth. The Moon has never been imaged as closely as was done by the Chandrayaan. With its successful launch India joins a select club comprising US, Russia, Japan and China. India’s space program is extremely good value for money from even international standards. No wonder then that ISRO’s rocket launching facilities are being commercially used by others. Perhaps the best testimony to India’s space program comes from the fact that it had such high faith in its own capabilities that no need was felt to insure the Chandrayaan.
Indian public, parliament and media as well as the world at large have been unanimous or near-unanimous in hailingIndia’s foray into the outer space. India now plans to use cryogenic fuel for its rocket launch. There is already a talk about manned space flights, mission to Mars, and commercial space travel.India’s first attempt to launch an advanced communication satellite using cryogenic fuel faile on 15 April 2010)
India’s space program is the most successful of all national science initiatives. One reason for this is easy to see. In space exploration there is no room for excuses or rationalizations. The difference between success and failure is obvious. Either a satellite remains in orbit or falls down. The principles and procedures that have been developed in space management need to be carefully studied with a view to examining the possibility of their wider application in India’s other initiatives in science and technology.
Rising and flat technologies
Without diminishing the credit due to India, its space program needs to be examined in a wider context for purposes of insight. Let us make a distinction between a rising technology and a flat technology. As the name suggests a rising technology is one which is currently undergoing rapid phases of development while a flat technology is one which has been more or less standardized. Clearly, a rising technology of today is a flat technology of tomorrow.
USA focuses its attention on the rising technologies of the day. Once they are standardized, it parcels them off to lesser countries, e. g. in car manufacture. (This is certainly not a good philosophy. In addition to focus on rising tech, production of wealth through flat techs is good for a country’s economy and mindset.)
If lunar missions now have been left to the likes of Japan,China and India, it is because the missions now constitute standard technologies. If colonization and mining of celestial bodies become a possibility, you would see the initiative being grabbed back by US and to a lesser extent by ESA.
Profit motive
It is interesting that when Mount Everest is climbed, no justification is asked for or proffered. Yet in the case of a technological mission some profit should be promised. May be this is because of the heavy costs involved.
It has been proposed that the Moon itself can be colonized and used as a launching pad for farther colonies. The India’s new space chairman has suggested that the tunnels made on the moon by lava can be used for housing humans, and probably their pets also. If this is escapism, there is another suggestion that the Moon be asked to meet Earth’s energy and resource need. As is well known the lunar soil contains vast amounts of helium 3, an isotope of helium. There are experts who would like this helium to be dug up and brought to earth for use as a raw material for fusion reactions. It has been suggested that water be brought from Moon to the Earth for consumption here. To me, the whole idea of bringing resources from the Moon to the Earth is an exceptionally stupid one and needs to be squashed right away. I shall however support the move to park all the cars on the Moon and utilize Earth’s surface in a more constructive manner.
I mention this to encourage you to formulate your own views on the subject.
US role in pre-history of India’s space program
India was introduced to the new field of satellites as part of the International Geophysical Year 1957-58 program. Naini Tal Observatory in the Himalayas was chosen as one of the 12 field stations equipped by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory with a Baker-Nunn camera for optical tracking of the artificial satellites. The project continued till 1976. During the first two years, an observer from SAO worked with the Naini Tal staff. The contacts during IGY led to India’s participation in the US Satellite Instructional Television Experiment. After completion of the contractual one-year period, India took the help of commercial satellites and then developed its own satellite network.
In 1963, India established Equatorial Rocket Station at Thumba, near Trivandrum, in South India. The site was chosen because it is located just half a degree south of the magnetic equator. ISRO was established in 1969, and India’s first satellite named Aryabhata after the celebrated 6th century astronomer, was launched in 1976.
What would limit India’s space ambitions is not technology or finance but manpower. Globalization has encouraged well-trained Indian young men and women to take up petty jobbery, beneath their intellect and skills, for the sake of a dollar pay packet which though small in absolute terms still translates into a neat bundle in Indian rupees.
Fortuitously Chandrayaan’s launch has coincided with the onset of world-wide financial and economic crises. It is as well that the quantification of financial instruments has fallen into disrepute and the processes of globalization received a setback. Their glamour and pelf were acting as a brain sink, to the detriment of science. If Lehman Brothers was to be the resting place for Indian Institute of Technology-imparted engineering skills, it is good that it has closed down.
India’s quest for water on Moon
The impact probe MIP which deposited Indian national flag on the Moon also carried a scientific payload, nick-named CHACE, comprising a mass spectrometer. During the 25 minutes of fall on to the lunar surface, CHACE obtained data confirming the presence of water vapour in the Moon’s atmosphere on the sunlit side. A team of Indian scientists sent their paper to Science in December 2008, which however rejected it in March 2009. The Indian authors then sent the paper to Nature in April 2009, which also rejected it, in July 2009. Finally, in November 2009, the paper, with R. Sridharan as the first author was sent to a lesser journal Space and Planetary Science which published it on 6 March 2010.In the mean time both the US publications, from the M3 and mini-SAT teams, had already appeared, as already noted.
It is significant that the Indian authors chose to try their luck in international journals like Science and Nature rather than quickly publish their findings in an Indian journal. //
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Home / For Patients and Families / Rare Disease Information / Crouzon Syndrome
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Crouzon Syndrome
NORD gratefully acknowledges Nathaniel H. Robin, MD, Professor, Department of Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, for assistance in the preparation of this report.
Synonyms of Crouzon Syndrome
craniofacial dysostosis
craniostenosis, Crouzon type
Crouzon craniofacial dysostosis
Crouzon syndrome is a rare genetic disorder. It is a form of craniosynostosis, a condition in which there is premature fusion of the fibrous joints (sutures) between certain bones of the skull. The sutures allow an infant’s head to grow and expand. Eventually, these bones fuse together to form the skull. In Crouzon syndrome, the sutures fuse prematurely affecting the proper growth of the skull and head and potentially altering the shape and development of the skull. Certain bones in the face may be affected as well. The severity of craniosynostosis can be different in one infant when compared to another. Symptoms primarily include abnormalities of the face and head. Intelligence is usually not affected. Crouzon syndrome is caused by alterations (mutations) in one of the FGFR genes, usually FGFR2, and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
Crouzon syndrome, also known as craniofacial dysostosis, is primarily characterized by premature closure of the fibrous joints (cranial sutures) between certain bones in the skull (craniosynostosis) and distinctive facial abnormalities. Cranial and facial malformations may vary, ranging from mild to potentially severe, including among members of the same family (kindred).
For example, the degree of cranial malformation is variable and depends on the specific cranial sutures involved as well as the order and rate of progression. In most affected individuals, there is premature fusion of the sutures (i.e., coronal and sagittal sutures) between bones forming the forehead (frontal bone) and the upper sides of the skull (parietal bones). In addition, the suture between the back and the sides of the skull (i.e., lambdoidal suture) or other sutures may be involved in some people. In most individuals with Crouzon syndrome, early sutural fusion causes the head to appear unusually short and broad (brachycephaly). In other patients, the head may appear long and narrow (scaphocephaly) or triangular (trigonocephaly). Rarely, premature closure of multiple sutures (known as Kleeblattschadel type craniosynostosis) causes the skull to be abnormally divided into three lobes (cloverleaf skull deformity). In those with Crouzon syndrome, craniosynostosis typically begins during the first year of life and progresses until approximately age two to three. However, craniosynostosis may sometimes be apparent at birth or, more rarely, may not be noted during early childhood.
In most individuals, there is unusual shallowness of the orbits or the bony cavities of the skull that accommodate the eyeballs. As a result, the eyeballs appear to protrude or bulge forward (proptosis). Due to such abnormalities, affected individuals are unusually susceptible to developing inflammation of the front, transparent regions of the eyes (i.e., exposure keratitis) as well as the membranes that line the inner surfaces of the eyelids and cover the whites of the eyes (exposure conjunctivitis). Crouzon syndrome is also often associated with additional eye abnormalities including eyes that are spaced apart wider than usual (hypertelorism) and eyes that are crossed or do not point in the same direction (strabismus). Sometimes, the various eye abnormalities can lead to a loss in vision.
Crouzon syndrome is associated with additional craniofacial abnormalities. Affected individuals often have a prominent forehead (frontal bossing); a curved nose; unusually flat or underdeveloped mid-facial regions (midface hypoplasia); and a short upper lip. In addition, a small, underdeveloped upper jaw (hypoplastic maxilla) with protrusion of the lower jaw (relative mandibular prognathism) may also occur. Clefting of the lip and/or palate (incomplete closure of the palate or an abnormal groove in the upper lip) can occur rarely. Typical dental problems include a highly arched narrow palate with crowded teeth, and upper and lower teeth that don’t meet when biting (malocclusion).
Approximately 30% of individuals with Crouzon syndrome develop hydrocephalus, a condition which is characterized by impaired flow or absorption of the fluid (i.e., cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]) that circulates through cavities (ventricles) of the brain and the spinal canal, potentially leading to increasing fluid pressure within the skull (intracranial pressure) and the brain and other associated findings.
Some affected individuals have hearing impairment due to an inability to transmit sound impulses to the brain (sensorineural hearing loss). In some infants, breathing problems may occur in infancy due to various abnormalities of the face and upper airway. In severe instances, this can lead to life-threatening breathing complications.
Crouzon syndrome is caused by alterations (mutations) in one of the FGFR genes, most commonly FGFR2. Genes provide instructions for creating proteins that play a critical role in many functions of the body. When a mutation of a gene occurs, the protein product may be faulty, inefficient, or absent. Depending upon the functions of the particular protein, this can affect many organ systems of the body.
The alterations in the FGFR gene that cause Crouzon syndrome are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Most genetic diseases are determined by the status of the two copies of a gene, one received from the father and one from the mother. Dominant genetic disorders occur when only a single copy of an abnormal gene is necessary to cause a particular disease. The abnormal gene can be inherited from either parent or can be the result of a new mutation (gene change) in the affected individual. The risk of passing the abnormal gene from an affected parent to an offspring is 50% for each pregnancy. The risk is the same for males and females.
In most individuals, the disorder occurs because of spontaneous (de novo) genetic mutations that occur in the egg or sperm cell. In such situations, the disorder is not inherited from the parents.
The FGFR2 gene regulates the production of a protein known as a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). Genetic mutations that disrupt the functioning of such proteins may result in abnormalities of bone growth and development, ultimately leading to certain malformations of the craniofacial area. Evidence indicates that different mutations in the FGFR2 gene may cause a number of other related disorders, including Apert syndrome, isolated coronal synostosis, Beare-Stevenson syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, and Jackson-Weiss syndrome. In addition, according to some reports, certain FGFR2 mutations may result in Crouzon syndrome in some families (kindreds), whereas the same mutations cause Pfeiffer syndrome in other kindreds. The implications of such findings are not completely understood. (For further information on these disorders, please see the “Related Disorders” section of this report below.)
Affected Populations
Crouzon syndrome affects males and females. Some articles in the medical literature report that males are affected more often than females. Crouzon syndrome is estimated to affect about 1.6 in 100,000 people in the general population. All forms of craniosynostosis are estimated to affect about 1 in 2,000-2,5000 live births.
Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Crouzon syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis.
There are other disorders that are caused by alterations to the same or different FGFR genes. When different disorders are caused by different alterations to the same gene, they are called allelic disorders. These disorders often share similar characteristics and symptoms. Disorders associated with alterations of the FGFR2 gene include Apert syndrome, isolated coronal synostosis, Beare-Stevenson syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, and Jackson-Weiss syndrome. These disorders are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. (For more information on these disorders, choose the specific disorder name as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans (CAN) is a rare genetic disorder in which the classic symptoms of Crouzon syndrome occur in association with a skin disease (i.e., acanthosis nigricans) that is characterized by abnormal, “velvety” thickening and increased coloration (hyperpigmentation) of the skin. Such skin abnormalities are apparent by puberty and typically affect skin of the neck, abdomen, chest, breasts, eyelids, and nostrils; under the arms (axillae); and around the mouth. Reports suggest that individuals affected by Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans often have progressive hydrocephalus and narrowing or blockage of the back of nasal passage (choanal atresia), both of which are unusual in those with Crouzon syndrome alone. Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans is caused by a specific alteration of the FGFR3 gene and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, also known as acrocephalosyndactyly type III, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by premature closure of certain cranial sutures (craniosynostosis). In some cases, the cranial sutures may fuse unevenly, causing the head and face to appear dissimilar from one side to the other (craniofacial asymmetry). Additional craniofacial malformations may include underdevelopment of midfacial regions (midface hypoplasia); widely spaced eyes with unusually shallow orbits; abnormal deviation of one eye in relation to the other (strabismus); a thin, pointed nose; and incomplete closure of the roof of the mouth (cleft palate). Affected individuals may also have additional physical abnormalities, such as partial fusion of soft tissues (cutaneous syndactyly) of certain digits, particularly the second and third fingers; “finger-like” thumbs; limited extension of the elbows; and/or, in some cases, heart (cardiac) defects, kidney (renal) malformations, or other findings. Although intelligence is usually normal, mild to moderate intellectual disability has been reported. Saethre-Chotzen syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. (For more information on this disorder, choose “Saethre Chotzen” as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Additional congenital disorders may be characterized by various forms of craniosynostosis, additional craniofacial abnormalities, and other symptoms and findings similar to those potentially associated with Crouzon syndrome. These disorders include isolated craniosynostosis, Antley-Bixler syndrome, Baller-Gerold syndrome, Carpenter syndrome, and other acrocephalopolysyndactyly disorders. (For more information on these disorders, choose the exact disease name in question as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Crouzon syndrome is usually diagnosed at birth or during infancy based upon a thorough clinical evaluation, identification of characteristic physical findings, and a variety of specialized tests. Such testing may include advanced imaging techniques, such as computerized tomography (CT) scanning or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or other imaging studies.
Clinical Testing and Workup
CT scanning and MRIs are used to help detect or characterize certain abnormalities that may be associated with the disorder (e.g., craniosynostosis, other skeletal abnormalities, etc.). During CT scanning, a computer and x-rays are used to create a film showing cross-sectional images of internal structures. During MRI, a magnetic field and radio waves create detailed cross-sectional images of certain organs and tissues.
Molecular genetic testing can confirm a diagnosis of Crouzon syndrome in some people. Molecular genetic testing can detect mutations in the FGFR2 gene known to cause the disorder, but is available only as a diagnostic service at specialized laboratories.
Standard Therapies
The treatment of Crouzon syndrome is directed toward the specific symptoms that are apparent in each individual. Surgery is the main form of therapy for affected children, but not all children will require surgery. Surgery is performed to create and ensure that there is enough room within the skull for the developing brain to grow; to relieve intracranial pressure (if present); and to improve the appearance of an affected child’s head.
Affected children should be seen at craniofacial clinics, which are often affiliated with major pediatric hospitals or medical centers. These clinics have a team of physicians and other healthcare providers who are experienced in treating craniofacial disorders. A team of specialists will work together to plan and carry out a child’s treatments. Such specialists include pediatricians, neurosurgeons, plastic surgeons, otolaryngologists, medical geneticists, audiologists, ophthalmologists, dental specialists, social workers, and other healthcare professionals. Genetic evaluation may be of benefit for affected individuals and their families to confirm the diagnosis and offer counseling. Psychosocial support for the entire family is essential as well.
Investigational Therapies
Information on current clinical trials is posted on the Internet at www.clinicaltrials.gov. All studies receiving U.S. government funding, and some supported by private industry, are posted on this government web site.
For information about clinical trials being conducted at the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda, MD, contact the NIH Patient Recruitment Office:
Email: prpl@cc.nih.gov
Some current clinical trials also are posted on the following page on the NORD website:
https://rarediseases.org/for-patients-and-families/information-resources/info-clinical-trials-and-research-studies/
For information about clinical trials sponsored by private sources, contact:
www.centerwatch.com.
For information about clinical trials conducted in Europe, contact:
https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/
Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing
3417 Volta Place NW
Washington, DC 20007-2778 United States
Email: info@agbell.org
Website: http://www.agbell.org
AmeriFace
Las Vegas, NV 89136 USA
Email: info@ameriface.org
Website: http://www.ameriface.org
Cleft Lip and Palate Foundation of Smiles
2044 Michael Ave SW
Email: Rachel@cleftsmile.org
Website: http://www.cleftsmile.org
FACES: The National Craniofacial Association
Email: faces@faces-cranio.org
Website: http://www.faces-cranio.org
Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center
Website: http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/
Headlines – Craniofacial Support Group
8 Footes Lane
Frampton Cotterell
Bristol, BS36 2JQ United Kingdom
Email: info@headlines.org.uk
Website: http://www.headlines.org.uk
Let Them Hear Foundation
1900 University Avenue, Suite 101
Email: info@letthemhear.org
Website: http://www.letthemhear.org
Let’s Face It
University of Michigan, School of Dentistry / Dentistry Library
1011 N. University
Email: faceit@umich.edu
Website: http://dent.umich.edu/
1550 Crystal Dr, Suite 1300
Arlington, VA 22202 USA
Website: http://www.marchofdimes.org
MyFace
333 East 30th Street, Lobby Unit
Email: info@myface.org
Website: http://www.myface.org
National Association for Parents of Children with Visual Impairments (NAPVI)
Email: napvi@lighthouseguild.org
Website: http://www.napvi.org
NIH/National Eye Institute
31 Center Dr
Bethesda, MD 20892-2510 United States
Email: 2020@nei.nih.gov
Website: http://www.nei.nih.gov/
NIH/National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
31 Center Drive, MSC 2320
Communication Avenue
Email: nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov
Website: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov
Jones KL, Jones MC, del Campo Casanelles. Eds. Crouzon syndrome (craniofacial dysostosis). In: Smith’s Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation. 7th ed. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, PA; 2013:540.
Long MD, Lin KYK. Crouzon Syndrome. In: NORD Guide to Rare Disorders. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, PA. 2003:710-711.
Abu-Sittah GS, Jeelani O, Dunaway D, Hayward R. Raised intracranial pressure in Crouzon syndrome: incidence, causes, and management. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016;17:469-475. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26613275
Agochukwu NB Solomon BD, Muenke M. Hearing loss in syndromic craniosynostosis: otologic manifestations and clinical findings. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78:2037-2047. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25441602
Helman SN, Badhey A, Kadakia S, Myers E. Revisiting Crouzon syndrome: reviewing the background and management of multifaceted disease. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;18:373-379. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25245177
Fenwick AL, Goos JA, Rankin J, et al. Apparently synonymous substitutions in FGFR2 affect splicing and result in mild Crouzon syndrome. BMC Med Genet. 2014;15:95. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25174698
Fischer S, Tovetjarn R, Maltese G, et al. Psychosocial conditions in adults with Crouzon syndrome: a follow-up study of 31 Swedish patients. J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2014;48:244-247. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24328900
Reitsma JH, Balk-Leurs IH, Ongkosuwito EM, Wattel E, Prahl-Andersen B. Dental maturation in children with the syndrome of crouzon and apert. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2014;51:639-644. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24021057
Goriely A, Lord H, Lim J, et al. Germline and somatic mosaicism for FGFR2 mutation in the mother of a child with Crouzon syndrome: implications for genetic testing in “parental age-effect” syndromes. Am J Med Genet. 2010;152A:2067-2073. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988406/
Robin NH, Falk MJ, Haldeman-Englert CR. FGFR-Related Craniosynostosis Syndromes. 1998 Oct 20 [Updated 2011 Jun 7]. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2019. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1455/ Accessed April 4, 2019.
Arnaud E, Collet C, Di Rocco F. Crouzon disease. Orphanet Encyclopedia, November 2013. Available at: https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=207 Accessed April 4, 2019.
Genetics Home Reference website. Crouzon syndrome. February 2008. Available at: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/crouzon-syndrome Accessed April 4, 2019.
McKusick VA., ed. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). Baltimore. MD: The Johns Hopkins University; Entry No:123500; Last Update: 03/08/2018. Available at: http://omim.org/entry/123500 Accessed April 4, 2019.
Hollier LH. Craniosynostosis syndromes. UpToDate, Inc. Last updated: Mar 23, 2018. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/craniosynostosis-syndromes Accessed April 4, 2019.
Years Published
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2015 Best 40 Under 40 Professors: Luis Diestre, IE Business School
by: Ethan Baron on April 15, 2015 | 0 Comments 2,111 Views
Luis Diestre
Associate Professor of Strategy
Luis Diestre started out as a research assistant in IE’s strategy department, and now he’s taken over. Diestre studies the interface between corporate strategy and environmental management, focusing on how a company’s ability to satisfy environmental regulations affects its diversification strategy. He also explores the risk of knowledge appropriation in research and development alliances. At IE, Diestra has won a teaching excellence award and was twice named a finalist for best professor awards. His research and journal reviewing have also earned him honors, including from the Academy of Management. He has a BS in telecommunication engineering from the University of Zaragoza, and a PhD in business administration from the University of Southern California.
At current institution since: 2009
PhD in Management, University of Southern California, 2009
BSc in Telecommunication Engineering, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain, 2001
Courses currently teaching: Strategic Management
Professor you most admire: Nandini Rajagopalan (USC) for her contributions as a scholar and invaluable guidance and mentorship.
“I knew I wanted to be a b-school professor…” a minute after I became one. I decided to do a PhD mainly for the research dimension of it. To be fully honest, I had not considered whether I would like to be a professor until I had to do my teaching assignment in the last year of my PhD program. Once I started, I realized how much fun it is to be paid so much attention by people interested in what you have to say.
“If I weren’t a b-school professor…” I guess I would have continued my career as an engineer.
Most memorable moment in the classroom or in general as a professor: When I was voted as the best professor of the MBA program. I was really honored to receive so much affection and support from my students.
What professional achievement are you most proud of? Maintaining a good relationship with former students and co-authors.
What do you enjoy most about teaching? When students tell me after class that they now think differently about things.
What do you enjoy least? Grading
Fun fact about yourself: I’m one of those hyperactive and nervous professors that cannot stop moving in class. One day, some of my MBA students spent a whole class counting the number of times I walked from one side of the classroom to the other and then calculated that distance. They told me I had walked more than 6 miles!
Favorite book: Descartes’ Error, by Antonio Damasio. I went to one of his talks while at USC during my PhD program and since then I think of neuroscience as the most fascinating thing to read about.
Favorite movie: The Hustler (Paul Newman, 1961), after watching that movie I was completely convinced that I would be a pool player when I grew up.
Favorite type of music: recently, the music my 1 and 3-years old daughters like to hear. I frequently find myself humming those songs on my way to the classroom.
Favorite television show: I try to watch as many TV series as I can, right now I’m watching “Honorable Woman” and the third season of “House of Cards”.
Favorite vacation spot: Any of the many small bays and coves in the south of the island of Menorca.
What are your hobbies? I try to do as many different outdoor activities as I can. Specifically, I love swimming, diving, and anything that has to do with the sea, in spite of living 300km away from it.
Twitter handle: @diestreluis
“If I had my way, the business school of the future would have…” nice and honest people inside.
Students say…
His classes were always highly engaging and academically on point, but more importantly he brings a vigor and level of professionalism that make each class consistently excellent. Whilst excellence in teaching can be found if one looks hard enough, it is extremely rare for that quality to be paired with a sense of humility and humor, and a deep genuine respect for every student in the class. It is thus, perhaps no surprise then, that armed with all of the above, Luis was not only the best professor during my MBA but in fact probably across all of my education so far.
– Barnaby Ferrero, MBA 2014
It is hard to keep track of time when you are in discussion in class with Luis. He is one of those incredibly engaging and enthralling professors and definitely one of my most favorite professors I ever had. It goes without saying that Luis teaches strategy with great expertise, insight and passion. Most importantly however, he has the ability to distill concepts down to the most important elements after guiding the class through cases with many junctions and meanders. On a final note I want to say that Luis managed to catch the class’ attention in his pleasant-natured way and his irrepressible sense of humor – I have not met one student at IE that was not inspired by Luis.
– Karl Josef Maier, MBA 2014
DON’T MISS: Poets&Quants 2015 Best 40 Under 40 Professors
Tagged: IE Business School, Luis Diestre, MBA, Spain, Strategy&
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Email Delicious Critter?!? Bugs as a Delicacy Branch
Delicious Critter?!? Bugs as a Delicacy
Most of us look at bugs and cringe at their creepy disposition. Did you know, however, that many cultures around the world eat bugs as a delicacy? As it turns out, not only are bugs a significant source of protein, but many scientists believe that bugs may soon become the most viable, sustainable food source in the world.
Why Bugs?!?!
While today’s Western population is accustomed to eating beef, poultry and fish as a main source of nutrition, many developing countries have been eating bugs for a long time. But why bugs? According to some entomologists, insects are extremely high in protein and B vitamins, as well as minerals such as iron and zinc. Insects are very low in fat and take up less space and resources to raise for consumption, a plus when the demand for food is high and the resources are low.
There is probably some novelty in eating bugs as a delicacy, but there’s also fear because of their disease-riddled reputation. However, when farm-raised for the purpose of human consumption (as opposed to handpicked from your back yard, which is not recommended), only about 0.5% of bugs are harmful to humans, making most of them safe to eat.
Common Delicacies
So, what kind of bugs do people eat? Below are some of the most coveted bugs and where they are most frequently enjoyed.
Grasshoppers in China are served in everything from skewers to rice, and it’s not a wonder why: grasshoppers are 60 percent protein and only 6 percent fat. We dare you to find a burger joint with that ratio in their food.
Bees and Bee Larvae in China are described as crunchy, sweet and delicious. They can be fried and eaten like popcorn chicken, or they can be cooked with soy sauce and sugar for a sweet, sweet treat!
Grubs in Australia are gooey and thick, but described as tasting of “almonds and cream.” You can eat them cooked or raw, depending on how you can stomach it.
Crickets in Cambodia are another favorite of Cambodian insect cuisine. Often fried, crunchy crickets are believed to contribute to a person’s overall well-being.
Spiders in Cambodia may not technically be bugs, but they are nevertheless creepy and crawly…and apparently delicious. Usually deep-fried, tarantulas and other large spiders are harvested from the ground, cooked in spices, and served crunchy.
Eating bugs as a delicacy may not yet be trending here in the United States, but it is definitely something to consider, given the potential health and environmental benefits. If you’re like most people in the United States, however, and you’re not ready to dig in to the insects in and around your home, you may want to call HomeTeam Pest Defense at 855-855-4873 or visit our website, www.pestdefense.com.
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Defrag: Visualizing social media: principles and practice
November 13, 2007 By Pete Warden in Defrag Leave a comment
Matthew Hurst, from Microsoft, gave the second Defrag talk on the topic of visualizing social media. He described JC Herz’s first talk as complementary to his, covering some of the same problems, but from a different angle. He started by laying out his basic thesis. Visualization is so useful because it’s a powerful way to present context to individual data points. It ties into the theme of the conference because while web 1.0 was a very linear experience, flicking through pages in some order, 2.0 is far more non-linear, and visualizations can help people understand the data they now have to deal with through placing it in a rich context.
He then ran through a series of examples, starting with the same blog map that he’d created, and JC had used as a negative example in her talk. He explained the context and significance of the images, as well as the fact they were stills from a dynamic system, but did agree that in general these network visualizations have too much data. He introduced a small ‘Homer’ icon that he added to any example that produced an ‘mmmm, shiny, pretty pictures’ reaction in most people, without necessarily communicating any useful information.
The next example was a graph of the blogosphere traffic on the Gonzales story, generated by BuzzMetrics. This was a good demonstration of how useful time can be in a visualization. After that came an impressive interlocked graph, which after giving the audience a few seconds to oh and ah over, he introduced as a piece of 70’s string art! A pure Homer-pleaser, with no information content.
The next picture was a visualization of the changes in Wikipedia’s evolution article over time. This was really useful image, because you could see structures and patterns emerge in the editing that would be tough to see any other way. There’d been an edit war over the definition of evolution, and the picture made it clear exactly how the battle had been waged.
TwitterVision got a lot of attention, but isn’t much use for anything. It gives you information in a fun and compelling way, but unfortunately it’s not information that will lead you to take any action. To sum up the point of showing these visualizations, he wanted to get across that there’s a lot of techniques beyond network graphs.
He moved on to answering the question "What is visualization?". His reply is that the goal of visualization is insight, not graphics. Visualizations should answer questions we didn’t know we had. He returned to the blogosphere map example, to defend it in more detail. He explained how once you knew the context, the placement and linkages between the technology and political parts of the blogosphere were revealed as very important and influential, and how the density of the political blogosphere revealed the passion and importance of blogs on politics.
(Incidentally, this discussion about whether a visualization makes sense at first glance reminds me of the parallel endless arguments about whether a user interface is intuitive. A designer quote I’ve had beaten into me is ‘All interfaces are learnt, even the nipple’. The same goes for visualization, there always has to be some labelling, explanation, familiarity with the metaphors used and understanding of the real-world situation it represents to make sense of a picture. Maps are a visualization we all take for granted as immediately obvious, but basing maps on absolute measurements rather than travel time or symbolic and relative importance isn’t something most cultures in history would immediately understand.)
He also talked about some to Tufte’s principles, such as "Above all else, show the data". He laid out his own definition of the term visualization; it’s the projection of data for some purpose and some audience. There was a quick demonstration of some of the ‘hardware’ that people possess for image processing that visualizations can take advantage of. A quick display of two slides, containing a scattering of identical squares, but one with a single small circle in place of a square, shows how quickly our brains can spot some differences using pre-attentive visual processing.
A good question to ask before embarking on a visualization is whether a plain text list will accomplish the same job, since that can be both a lot simpler to create, and easier to understand if you just need to order your data in a single dimension. As a demonstration, he showed a comparison of a table listing the ordering of 9/11 terrorists in their social network based on four different ranking measures, such as closeness, and then presented a graph that made things a lot cleared.
He has prepared a formal model for the visualization process, with the following stages:
Phenomenon. Something that’s happening in the real world, which for our purposes includes out on the internet.
Acquisition. The use of some sensor to capture data about that activity.
Model/Storage. Placing that data in some accessible structure.
Preparation. Selection and organization of the data into some form.
Rendering. Taking that data, and displaying it in a visual way.
Interaction. The adjustment and exploration of different render settings, and easy other changes that can be made to view the data differently.
There’s actually a cycle between the last three stages, where you refine and explore the possible visualizations by going back to the preparation to draw out more information from the data after you’ve done a round of understanding more about it by rendering. You’re iteratively asking questions of the data, and hoping to get interesting answers, and the iteration’s goal is finding the right questions to ask your data.
Web 2.0 makes visualizations a lot easier, since it’s a lot more dynamic than the static html that typified 1.0, but why is it so important? Swivel preview is a great example of what can be done once you’ve got data and visualizations out in front of a lot of eyes, as a social experience. The key separation that’s starting to happen is the distinction between algorithmic inference, where the underlying systems make decisions about importance and relationships of data to boil it down into a simple form, and visual inference, where more information is exposed to the user and they do more mental processing on it themselves. (This reminded me of one of the themes I think is crucial in search, the separation of the underlying index data and the presentation of it through the UI. I wish that we could see more innovative search UIs than the DOS-style text list of results in page-rank order, but I think Google is doing a good job of fetching the underlying data. What’s blocking innovation at the moment is that in order to try a new UI, you have to also try to catch up with Google’s massive head-start in indexing. That’s why I tried to reuse Google’s indexing with a different UI through Google Hot Keys.)
One question that came up was why search is so linear? Matt believes this can be laid squarely at the door of advertising, there’s a very strong incentive for search engines to keep people looking through the ads.
« Defrag: Web 2.0 goes to work
Lots of interesting mail/social graph buzz »
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search filter Books & JournalsAll Books
Strip Cultures: Finding America in Las Vegas
The Project on Vegas
The members of the Project on Vegas are Stacy M. Jameson, Instructor of Film/Media at the University of Rhode Island; Karen Klugman, photographer and Chair of the Art Department at the Hopkins School in New Haven, Connecticut; Jane Kuenz, Associate Professor of English at the University of Southern Maine; and Susan Willis, Associate Professor of Literature at Duke University.
https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822375234
This content is made freely available by the publisher. It may not be redistributed or altered. All rights reserved.
ISBN electronic:
Chapter Navigation
Nature in Vegas: Cultivating the Brand
https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822375234-009
2015. "Nature in Vegas: Cultivating the Brand", Strip Cultures: Finding America in Las Vegas, The Project on Vegas
Nature on the Las Vegas Strip is constructed and themed to match the socioeconomics of the clientele of the various hotel-casinos. Design decisions such as whether to use artificial plants or real plants and whether to display nature as imperfect or flawless are taken to the extreme in Las Vegas, where the ability to create believable simulacra of natural forms tests our ability to distinguish the real from the fake. Newer hotel-casinos have responded to a more global and upscale clientele by foregoing corporeal nature in favor of technological displays that convey the idea of nature and artistic creations that recognize environmental issues.
constructed nature
branding nature
climate change in Vegas
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General Interest, History
A Box That Bears His Name
In his intellectual lifetime, Joyce’s work brilliantly tackled a plethora of scientific disciplines, from his widely-read publications on the causes and prevention of tree diseases to being an early innovator of the cultivation and harvesting of poplars for wood pulp. He authored the highly esteemed, “Introduction to Plant Diseases,” and was the recipient of numerous awards and honors bestowed upon him for his immeasurable contributions to science.
Astonishingly though, this world-renowned plant pathologist’s most widely used contribution also happens to be his most overlooked. And of all of his accomplishments, this is the only one that bears his name. In fact, chances are, you’ve used, viewed, or held Joyce’s’ creation in a classroom, an antique store, a research lab, or at home.
A Titan of Science is Born
Joyce, the highly acclaimed plant pathologist, was born of humble beginnings in Wheeling, West Virginia, on April 3, 1894. The son of Mary Edith and Albert Birdsall, a Methodist minister, Joyce attended public school in Alliance and graduated high school in Moundsville, West Virginia―a small town nestled alongside the Ohio River whose namesake was derived from the nearby Grave Creek Mound.
Grave Creek Mound. Wikipedia Commons.
RELATED ARTICLE: Authenticating Ancient Indian Arrowheads
It was during his high school years in Moundville that Joyce developed an insatiable love of biology, the natural science that studies life and living organisms. Although he loved science and wanted to passionately and faithfully pursue it, the young graduate had more pressing issues. Chief among them, he couldn’t afford the courtship of his first love. He had to get a job.
After graduating high school, Joyce worked for the Royal Gun Company, turned wrenches as a mechanic, and sold used cars as a salesman. While his employment kept him busy and paid his bills, it didn’t satisfy the love-stricken man.
Intellectual Curiosity
Having neglected his true love for too long, and with some money saved, Joyce enrolled in Oberlin College in Ohio―as the crow flies, 166 miles from Wheeling, WV―where he received his A.B. degree in botany in 1917.
He immediately started his graduate work at the University of Cincinnati. But just as soon as his studies began, they came to screeching halt. World War 1 was raging in Europe and he was summoned to serve as a bacteriologist in an Army hospital in France; a role he gallantly fulfilled from 1918 to 1919. His service in France spawned two interests that he pursued with urgency and vigor: the study of microbial pathogens and the French language.
A makeshift American Army field hospital damaged by air raids near Calais, France, 1918. Wikipedia Commons.
Joyce returned to the University of Cincinnati where he earned his M.A. degree in botany and bacteriology in 1920. His curiosities not yet fulfilled, Joyce immediately accepted an offer to pursue a Ph.D. in plant pathology at the University of Wisconsin. As a research assistant, Joyce’s studies focused on crown gall and other diseases that affected the orchard fruit industry in Wisconsin.
Joyce’s Ph.D. work was so impressive, that he was appointed as an instructor of plant pathology at Wisconsin immediately following the completion of his Ph.D. in 1922.
Immeasurable Contributions to Science
In his new role and henceforth, Joyce invested as much, or more time in building relationships than he did in the research lab. During his tenure at Wisconsin, Joyce put his everlasting fingerprint on the field of forestry―encompassing forest pathology, genetics, entomology (study of insects), and forest management. Joyce knew he had innovative ideas, but he also knew they would go nowhere unless he garnered the support of key stakeholders in the U.S. Forest Service, the lumber industry, and even private woodland owners.
Ironically, in 2018, the iconic elm tree (named Elmer) that stood next to the Biochemistry building at the University of Wisconsin–Madison for more than 100 years, fell victim to one of the very diseases that Joyce tried to prevent and contain: Dutch elm disease. Photo c. 1950, UW-Madison Archives.
With the support and encouragement from these stakeholders, Joyce was able to promote and fund programs that addressed the mechanisms in which diseases were spread. And by understanding the manner in which pathogens carried diseases, Joyce was able to guide stakeholders in the prevention, restriction, and in some cases, eradication of destructive plant diseases.
Up until his retirement from the University of Wisconsin in 1964, Joyce leveraged the coalitions he developed over the years to build international cooperation in the fight against plant-based diseases. He often warned countries of the dire consequences associated with the introduction of diseases that could catastrophically affect vital plant and tree crops.
On such warning, came in the form of coffee rust. In 1960, he warned Latin America that coffee rust would soon become a significant, crop crippling problem for coffee growers. By and large, Latin American countries were slow in heeding Joyce’s warning, and by the early 1970’s, coffee rust had spread to every coffee-growing country in Latin America, causing widespread damage to this day.
Lasting Legacy
In 1982, at the ripe old age of 88, Joyce passed away. The majority of his estate went to the University of Wisconsin Foundation to fund merit scholarships for undergraduate students. He and his late wife Adelaide Evenson―a microbiologist―also provided graduate and undergraduate fellowships in plant pathology.
But of all those noble accolades and achievements, for all his contributions to science and forestry, he’s better known for something else entirely―a flat pasteboard container with a glass cover, containing cotton wool, and used for mounting small objects, such as plant or insect specimens, coins, or artifacts.
RELATED ARTICLE: DIY Display Cases
Despite being one of the most renowned and accomplished plant pathologists to have ever lived, Albert Joyce Riker is not most remembered for his contributions to science, but for a box. A little box appropriately called, the Riker. Otherwise known to teachers, researchers, scientists, and collectors as the Riker Mount Display.
(Left) Albert Joyce Riker. (Right) Riker Mount Display Cases.
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A Volatile and Still Highly Dangerous Situation
The U.S. Has No Right to Threaten Korea (and the World)—and Neither “Trump’s Negotiations” Nor the “Tough-Guy” Warmongering Criticisms of the Democrats Are a Way Out of This Madness
Updated June 18, 2018 | Revolution Newspaper | revcom.us
The interests, objectives, and grand designs of the imperialists are not our interests—they are not the interests of the great majority of people in the U.S. nor of the overwhelming majority of people in the world as a whole. And the difficulties the imperialists have gotten themselves into in pursuit of these interests must be seen, and responded to, not from the point of view of the imperialists and their interests, but from the point of view of the great majority of humanity and the basic and urgent need of humanity for a different and better world, for another way.
—Bob Avakian, BAsics, 3:8
This past week the news has been full of the negotiations between Trump and Kim Jong-un, leader of the North Korean government. These negotiations seem on the surface to have quieted the threat of war. In fact, the situation is potentially even more dangerous.
For months Trump had been directly threatening North Korea (the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) with annihilation unless they dismantle their nuclear weapons and submit to intrusive inspections throughout the country. He taunted Kim and threatened genocide at the UN itself. Now, with the negotiations, this has temporarily simmered down.
At the same time, very little is known about what actually was and was not said and/or settled. Even the objectives of the Trump/Pence regime itself (as well as the conflicts over this within the regime) remain opaque and in the shadows. Because of this, and because the underlying sharp international contradictions are not resolved, the dynamics of the situation remain highly volatile and continue to be... extremely dangerous. The danger of war is not fundamentally lessened.
Fascist Dynamics Drive the Negotiations Forward—and Could Derail Them as Well
First, there are dynamics intrinsic to the fascist character of the Trump/Pence regime—with its extremely aggressive foreign policy in general and its need to constantly stay on the offensive and to not be perceived as giving into, or losing to, countries over which it asserts its “right” to dominate. Should Trump and those around him (or a faction of those around him) decide that the negotiations did not, after all, put the U.S. in the light they want—if they decide that their concessions to North Korea are being perceived as weakness by rivals and those nations that they oppress—they are capable of changing their posture in the blink of a tweet.
There are also dynamics intrinsic to the shape of great-power rivalry and contradictions, which are also in a highly unstable, unpredictable, and dangerous state—as seen, most notably, in Trump’s attacks on his European, Canadian, and Japanese imperialist allies this past weekend, and his use of aggressive tariffs, but also in the less publicized but even more dangerous ongoing U.S. threats and maneuvers against China. Trump aims to use this disruption to hammer together a new order even more tightly under U.S. domination. The maneuvers around Korea fit into that—it is not about “getting a good deal on beachfront property,” even if Trump plays the fool to get you to think that. There is a method to the seeming insanity of what he is doing, but it is a method full of risks. None of this is under anyone’s control right now.
Anyone who says, “Well, at least we’re safer for now” and that we should wish Trump well “at least on this” after he has violently threatened the Korean people for over a year (and the people of the world as well) is telling us to thank a psychopath, who’s held a knife to our throat, for temporarily pulling the knife slightly back. This regime remains a fascist regime, threatening all of humanity.
The Warmongering of the Democrats
Second, the Democratic Party and its mouthpieces and allies in the media—notably, but not only MSNBC—are actually making the situation far worse from the standpoint of the people of the world. They say that the Koreans are playing Trump for a fool. And they are loudly complaining about how the U.S. is supposedly being sullied by its association with a regime as horrible as North Korea.
To start with the latter theme, North Korea is indeed a reactionary and repressive state, one that has nothing at all in common with socialism or communism. But, if you multiplied all the accusations against North Korea by 1,000, it would still not come close to the horror that the U.S. routinely inflicts on the world year after year, day after day.
Where are the “progressive” commentators and Democratic Party politicians reminding Americans that the U.S. killed three million Koreans after invading Korea during a civil war there in the early 1950s? Where are the commentators who are allowed to mention any of the crimes that the U.S. is carrying out today? Crimes like those in Yemen, where U.S. backing to a Saudi war has caused the murder of perhaps as many as 15,000 civilians, many of them children, put over 20 million Yemenis at risk of hunger and epidemic. Where are the Democratic Party politicians and MSNBC commentators who hammer on the fact that nothing North Korea is doing comes anywhere close to this, and why, therefore, regimes which do not knuckle under to U.S. commands might want to have a deterrent—especially, again, a nation in which three million people had been killed by the U.S. in living memory?
And why? Because these senators and commentators are trying to mold the thinking of people whose inclinations for a just world could lead them, if they were exposed to the actual truth, toward a much better position. Every cultured, reasonable-sounding argument these people bleat prepares people to approve and collaborate with great horrors. They are training you in a totally upside down view of the world, and they are preparing you to support a war if Trump should suddenly shift positions. Here too, their USA! USA! propaganda and conditioning—this time by the likes of Chuck Schumer, Nancy Pelosi, Rachel Maddow, and the rest—dwarfs anything that North Korea has done. Yes, someone is getting played in these negotiations: those who look to these Democrats as any sort of alternative, especially to Trump’s international aggression.
What Must Be Done Now
Third, it is very important in this situation to go out with the real truth to people. Neither of the two positions being allowed into the media—either that we are on the road to “peace” or that Korea is taking advantage of the U.S. and needs to be slapped down—is true. Both positions represent lies and come from a framework of what serves U.S. imperialism.
If you were concerned about the danger of war last week emanating from Trump/Pence/Bolton—the whole Trump/Pence regime—now is not the time to sigh in relief. Now is the time to heighten vigilance and to expose the gangsta threat behind Trump’s newfound honeyed words and the overt bellicose threats from the Democrats and McCain/Graham Republi-fascists. Now is the time to find the ways and means to act to wake people up to the continuing danger to humanity posed by this regime.
We need a different world, where humanity is not held hostage to “great powers” (that is, to imperialist murderers and plunderers) threatening each other and those nations they dominate with weapons of mass annihilation. We need a world in which the insane and relentless compulsion to expand or die at the heart of capitalism, which continually translates into murderous wars, is wiped out and overcome. The only way to get to that better world is through revolution—through overthrowing this system and bringing into being a whole different economy, political structure, and set of values, and spreading this revolution worldwide.
We need a revolution.
Revolutionaries and all who desire a just world have work to do NOW:
Truth Telling and Acting Accordingly
Agitators, organizers, and everyone who sees the real deal should bring out the truth about how to understand what happened at the Trump/Kim summit and do so in a compelling way everywhere.
Revolutionaries should link this to the core message of revolution.
Everyone who cares about the state of the world and wants to act to stop the horrific course it is on should make great use of Bob Avakian’s October 2017 speech on the Trump/Pence fascist regime, THE TRUMP/PENCE REGIME MUST GO! In The Name of Humanity We REFUSE To Accept a Fascist America. A Better World IS Possible, especially showing the clip on the Great Tautological Fallacy (“Free Yourself from the GTF”) and sending it and spreading it all over.
Broad use should be made of BAsics 3:8, including printing up leaflets of it. That quote reads:
Poster size
Leaflet size
Before You Think Trump and the U.S. Now Have Peaceful Intentions in Korea, Take This Quiz and See How Much You Really Know!
Get a free email subscription to revcom.us:
For full coverage and the current issue of REVOLUTION click here
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A New Dimensionless Approach to Assess Relative Permeability Modifiers
Al-Shajalee, Faaiz, Saeedi, Ali, Wood, Colin
Energy & fuels 2019 v.33 no.4 pp. 3448-3455
equations, fuels, gases, permeability, polymers, porosity
Water production is one of the common problems that is faced in mature gas reservoirs. A number of methods exist to tackle this problem, including injecting polymer that can selectively reduce water production. There are many factors that affect this treatment, such as rock permeability and porosity, flowing fluid phases, polymer concentration, and the dependency of polymer thickness on the flow rate of each phase. In this manuscript, we propose a dimensionless form of the effective pore radius (rₑff–) that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of such a treatment. This form takes into account the thickness of the absorbed polymer layer onto the pore surfaces of the rock, which is an important factor controlling the performance of the treatment. Our newly developed rₑff– explicitly demonstrates the effects of the above factors by considering them during its calculation. This manuscript also demonstrates the application of rₑff– in analyzing the outcome of a number of experiments conducted in this work. With regard to the gas phase, our experiments show that at low flow rates (0.2–1 cm³/min) as the polymer concentration increases from 1000 to 8000 ppm, rₑff– decreases and is less than unity for concentrations of 1000–4000 pppm, indicating improved post-treatment permeability to gas. When the gas flow rate is increased to 2 cm³/min and beyond, the rₑff– is almost equal to one across all polymer concentrations. This is attributed to the polymer layer losing its effects on flow behavior due to possible increasing polymer rigidity caused by increasing shear rate. With regards to the water phase, although rₑff– follows a different trend against polymer concentration than that of gas, it remains less than one across all concentrations used, indicating the desirable reduction in post-treatment permeability to the water phase. Further analysis on the experimental results using the Forchheimer equation reveals the presence of three flow regimes with increasing gas flow rate.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b00135
DOI (10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b00135)
Find in a library http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b00135 Download RIS File Export to Zotero
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Эволюция политических взглядов П.П. Сувчинского и евразийство 1920-х годов
Философские науки. 2017. № 11. С. 108-127.
Назмутдинов Б. В.
The article devoted to the evolution of P.P. Suvchinsky’s political views during his participation in the Eurasianist movement in 1920s. His role in so-called “the Clamar schism” is especially underlined. This “schism” was especially inspired by theoretical, not only organisational contradictions. The separation of Leftist Eurasianist from the “Right wing” was affected by the radicalization of Souvchinsky’s pre-Eurasianist views and also by the refusal of supremacy of religion in the public life. Besides, Souvchinsky also had started avoiding problem of the “East” and underlined the role of the “West”. Despite to the “Rightwing” of Eurasianism, Souvchinsky rejected Eurasianism as a dogmatic, formulated at the beginning of 1920s. He characterized Eurasianism as a multitude of ideas, which could be changed during the time. Afterwards, N.S. Trubetskoy characterised these Suvchinsky’s views as “aestetisation” of political position, usage of ideas as a palette for someone’s drawing. Previously, Souvchinsky interpreted “Ideology” in “Ideocratic way”, as a strict system of ideas, which dominated over the everyday activity. He grounded “Ideology” in the historical context, this mood inspired him to the legitimisation of status quo in the USSR. Pro-Soviet problematic, asserted by Suvchinsky, was consequently of special interest in the writings of “Right-wing” Eurasianists during the first half of 1930s.
Research target: Political Science (including International Relations)History and Archeology
Keywords: Russian emigrationEurasianismClamar schismideocracymusicologyClassical Eurasianismhistory of political thought
The Concept of Law: a brief introduction to jural aspects of Classical Eurasianism
Nazmutdinov B. Law. LAW. Высшая школа экономики, 2015. No. 61.
Jurists and historians have rarely highlightened jural aspects of classical Russian Eurasianism. There have been several attempts to describe Eurasianist jural philosophy as a coherent system, but they were not fully relevant to the source material. The paper focuses on problems in the background of the creation of holistic Eurasianist jurisprudence during 1920s and 1930s. It emphasizes that the complexity of this process depended on different institutional and especially conceptual terms. The Eurasianists displayed several different approaches to Law whose distinctions were based on metajuridical grounds – phenomenological ideas in the work of Nickolai Alekseev, who argued for legal individualism; the “Alleinheit” theory found in the writings of Lev Karsavin; and a positivist theory in paper by Nickolai Dunaev. Based on published works of Eurasianists and unpublished archival materials, this research concludes that these juridical views were contradictory. These contradictions meant it was impossible to create a coherent Eurasianist jural theory using the terms derived from the authors mentioned, despite the fact that Eurasianist views have some specific characteristics.
The emergence of the Tea Party movement in recent years has shown that under the surface of mainstream political life in the USA there exists a different layer of ideas, which cannot be satisfactorily described in terms of the Republican/Democrat dichotomy. These ideas have their origins in the foundation of the American Republic, which owes a lot to ancient and mediaeval political theory. In the twentieth century there was a revival of these ideas in the form of the so-called “paleoconservative” movements which rediscovered their ancient and mediaeval heritage. This paper focuses on one of them, the Southern Agrarian movement, as exemplary of this radical intellectual project.
Учение о народе в трудах классиков евразийства
Назмутдинов Б. В. В кн.: Социальная синергетика и актуальная наука: человек, общество, природа в эпоху глобальных трансформаций: международный сборник научных трудов. Йошкар-Ола: Поволжский государственный технологический университет, 2013. С. 277-292.
Понятие права в трудах классиков евразийства
Назмутдинов Б. В. История государства и права. 2012. № 24. С. 9-14.
The author differs several approaches to law in classical eurasianism. These distinctions, on his opinion, are based on metalegal grounds – on «alleinheit» theory in the writings of L.P. Karsavin and on «phenomenological method» in the works of N.N. Alexeev
Power and Influence in South-Eastern Europe. 16th - 19th century
Edited by: I. Parvev, M. Baramova. Berlin; Zürich: LIT Verlag, 2013.
If a power wishes to subdue a region, what can it do? Order its armies to annex it? Carve up the region into parts that are subsequently ruled by different great powers, or create new principalities as a tool for indirect power influence? Why not use ideology and economic strength to rule that same region instead? The volume demonstrates how the European powers of the 16 th - 19 th centuries oscillate between these different stances in their attitude towards the Balkans, at the same time leaving enough space for the smaller regional players - states and individuals alike - to exercise their local power and influence.
«Не погибать же всей зарубежной русской литературе»: к истории создания «Нового журнала»
Будницкий О. В. В кн.: Периодическая печать российской эмиграции. 1920-2000. М.: Институт российской истории РАН, 2009. С. 132-147.
«Правовая структура» Н. Н. Алексеева в контексте идей об особой структуре «Евразии»
Назмутдинов Б. В. Известия высших учебных заведений. Правоведение. 2015. № 1. С. 98-111.
The concept of legal structure is important for the commucative legal theories, because it helps to find out basic elements in Law, which cannot be reformed intentionally by governmental activity. The paper focuses on the model of legal structure in the writings of Russian legal scholar Nicholas Alexeyev (1879–1964), which affected the communicative theory of Andrei Polyakov. The article analyses structural method in the Eurasianist writings, “legal structure” in the legacy of Alexeyev and the development of this concept in the context of Russian Eurasianism during 1920s and 1930s. The transpositive “legal structure” reveals new sides in prism of views on the Eurasia’s uniqueness.
Alexeyev, who turned to the Eurasianism in 1926th is not Eurasianist sensu stricto. However, the “spaceness” of this “structure” is similar to Eurasinist views on Russia-Eurasia as a specific place. Eurasianists also favoured Alexeyev’s rejection of reduction of Law to other basis. They denied the attempts to reduce Eurasia to Europe or Asia; Alexeyev did the similar things according to Law; he refused the reduction of Law to “sovereign’s command”, “form of freedom” or “social experience”. These similarities could be explained by the closeness between Eurasianist protostructuralism and phenomenological method of Alexeyev. This closeness influenced the development of Alexeyev’s legal views in frames of the Eurasian movement.
Нейтрализовывать, уравнивать и сеять разногласия…: Далмацио Негро и его книга «Введение в историю форм государства»
Марей А. В. Социологическое обозрение. 2014. Т. 13. № 2. С. 237-246.
Can There Be Ethical Politics? Rethinking The Relationship Between European Geopolitics And Russian Eurasianism
Morozova N. International Relations. WP BRP. Высшая школа экономики, 2014. No. WP BRP 08/IR/2014.
This article aims to explicate the conceptual relationship between two intellectual traditions that informed Russian post-Soviet foreign policy discourse: European inter-war geopolitics and Russian post-revolutionary Eurasianism. It is argued that European geopolitics provided an important theoretical and normative point of departure for Russian Eurasians. The latter took issue with the politics of territorial expansionism underpinning European geopolitics. They therefore attempted to develop an idea of qualitatively different and better politics by subjugating politics to culture.
Sociology and Empire: The Imperial Entanglements of A Discipline
Edited by: G. Steinmetz. L.; Durham: Duke University Press, 2013.
The revelation that the U.S. Department of Defense had hired anthropologists for its Human Terrain System project—assisting its operations in Afghanistan and Iraq—caused an uproar that has obscured the participation of sociologists in similar Pentagon-funded projects. As the contributors to Sociology and Empire show, such affiliations are not new. Sociologists have been active as advisers, theorists, and analysts of Western imperialism for more than a century.
The collection has a threefold agenda: to trace an intellectual history of sociology as it pertains to empire; to offer empirical studies based around colonies and empires, both past and present; and to provide a theoretical basis for future sociological analyses that may take empire more fully into account. In the 1940s, the British Colonial Office began employing sociologists in its African colonies. In Nazi Germany, sociologists played a leading role in organizing the occupation of Eastern Europe. In the United States, sociology contributed to modernization theory, which served as an informal blueprint for the postwar American empire. This comprehensive anthology critiques sociology's disciplinary engagement with colonialism in varied settings while also highlighting the lasting contributions that sociologists have made to the theory and history of imperialism.
Законы из-за границы: политико-правовые аспекты классического евразийства
Назмутдинов Б. В. М.: НОРМА, ИНФРА-М, 2016.
The book discusses a little-studied aspect of the history of the Russian émigré Eurasianist movement of the 1920s and 1930s: namely, an attempt to develop holistic “Eurasianist” jurisprudence and political theory. The task proved to be much more complex than merely applying Eurasianist ideology to the field of law, as the latter was not a single phenomenon, and had different institutional and especially conceptual dimensions. Eurasianists themselves differed in their approaches to law and state. These distinctions were based on metalegal grounds, whether in phenomenological sources of the works of Nikolai Alekseev, who argued for legal individualism, or alleinheit theory in the writings of Leo Karsavin, or positivist theory informing the approach by Nikolai Dunaev. Based on Eurasianists’ published works and unpublished archival materials, this book argues for the fundamentally contradictory legal and political views by members of the Eurasianist movement. These contradictions suggest that it was impossible to create a particular “Eurasianist” legal and political theory on the basis of their writings.
Стратегии языкового воспитания детей в семьях русских эмигрантов во Франции
Никишина Е. А. В кн.: Материалы мероприятий научной программы Недели русского языка, российского образования и российской культуры в Финляндии и VII Международного научно-практического семинара по вопросам социальной и культурной адаптации семей русскоязычных иммигрантов «Русский язык в семье». М.: РосНОУ, 2012. С. 269-279.
Третий Международный Молодежный Форум юристов (межвузовская научно-практическая конференция студентов и профессорско-преподавательского состава) 06 декабря 2011 года «Роль юристов в развитии социального государства»: сборник докладов
М.: Российский экономический университет имени Г.В. Плеханова, 2011.
Политическое управление и культурная политика
Новичков Н. В. Вестник Московского государственного университета культуры и искусств. 2011. № 4. С. 22-30.
This article is talking about state management and cultural policy, their nature and content in term of the new tendency - development of postindustrial society. It mentioned here, that at the moment cultural policy is the base of regional political activity and that regions can get strong competitive advantage if they are able to implement cultural policy successfully. All these trends can produce elements of new economic development.
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Justia Patents With Means For Determining Position Of A Device Placed Within A BodyUS Patent Application for Augmented Reality System for Use in Medical Procedures Patent Application (Application #20130267838)
Augmented Reality System for Use in Medical Procedures
Apr 5, 2013 - Board of Regents, the University of Texas System
An augmented realty system is disclosed that allows a clinician to create and view a 3D model of structure of interest using an imaging device prior to introduction of a tool designed to interact with that structure. The 3D model of the structure can be viewed by the clinician through a head mounted display (HMD) in its proper position relative to the patient. With the 3D model of the structure in view, the imaging device can be dispensed with, and the clinician can introduce the tool into the procedure. The position of the tool is likewise tracked, and a virtual image of a 3D model of the tool is also viewable through the HMD. With virtual images of both the tool and the structure in view, the clinician can visually verify, or a computer coupled to the HMD can automatically determine, when the tool is proximate to the structure.
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This is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/621,740, filed Apr. 9, 2012, to which priority is claimed, and which is incorporated herein by reference.
This disclosure relates to an augmented reality system useful in a medical procedure involving interaction between a structure of interest in a patient and a tool.
Imaging is important in medical science. Various forms of imaging, such as ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan, or MRI scans, and others, are widely used in medical diagnosis and treatment.
FIG. 1 illustrates one use of imaging in a medical procedure. In this example, it is desired to insert a tool 27 having a needle 26 into a vessel 24 below a patient's skin 22. This may be necessary for the placement of a central line in the patient for the administration of intravenous (IV) fluids and medications, in which case the needle 26 would eventually be removed from the tool 27 after placement and its catheter connected to an IV line.
Because the vessel 24 may be deep below the skin 22 and therefore not visible to a clinician (e.g., doctor), it can be helpful to image the vessel 24, and in FIG. 1 such imaging is accomplished through the use of an ultrasound device 12. As is well known, the ultrasound device 12 includes a transducer or probe 18 coupled to the device by a cable 16. The transducer 18, under control of the ultrasound 12, emits sound waves in a plane 20, and reports reflections back to the ultrasound, where the image of the vessel 24 can be displayed on a screen 14. If the needle 26 is introduced into the patient along the plane 20 of the transducer 18, then the image of the needle, and in particular its tip 28, will also be visible in the display 14 in real time. In this way, the clinician can view the screen 14 to verify the position of the needle tip 28 relative to the vessel 24, and particularly in this example can verify when the needle tip 28 has breached the wall of the vessel 24.
While ultrasound imaging is helpful in this procedure, it is also not ideal. The clinician must generally look at the ultrasound screen 14 to verify correct positioning of the needle tip 28, and thus is not looking solely at the patient, which is generally not preferred when performing a medical procedure such as that illustrated. Additionally, the ultrasound transducer 18 must be held in position while the needle 26 is introduced, either by the clinician (with a hand not holding the tool 27) or by another clinician present in the procedure room. The technique illustrated in FIG. 1 is thus either a two-man procedure, with one clinician holding the tool 27 and the other the transducer 18, or a cumbersome one-man procedure in which the clinician must hold both. Care must also be taken to align the plane 20 of the transducer with the axis of the needle 26 so that it can be seen along its length. If the plane 20 crosses the needle axis at an angle, the needle would be imaged only as a point, which may not be resolvable on the screen 14 and which may otherwise be unhelpful in determining the position of the needle tip 28 relative to the vessel 24.
This is but one example showing that imaging during a medical procedure, while helpful, can also be distracting to the task at hand. Other similar examples exist. For example, instead of a vessel 24, a structure of interest may comprise a tumor, and the tool 27 may comprise an ablating tool or other tool for removing the tumor. Again, imaging can assist the clinician with correct placement of the ablating tool relative to the tumor, but the clinician is distracted by simultaneously dealing with the tool and the imaging device.
The inventors believe that better solutions to problems of this nature are warranted and have come up with solutions.
FIG. 1 illustrates use of an imaging device (ultrasound) to help position a tool (needle) in a structure of interest (vessel) in accordance with the prior art.
FIG. 2 illustrates one example of an improved system to help position a tool proximate to a structure of interest, using augmented reality and optical markers to assess relative positions of components in the system.
FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate an initial step in the process in which a patient marker is optically tracked using a head mounted display (HMD).
FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate a next step in which an ultrasound transducer marker is additionally optically tracked using the HMD.
FIGS. 5A-5C illustrate a next step in which the transducer is used to form a virtual 3D image of the structure of interest.
FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate a next step in which the transducer is removed, and the virtual 3D image of the structure of interest is viewed through the HMD.
FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate a next step in which in which a tool is introduced, in which a tool marker is additionally optically tracked using the HMD, and in which a virtual 3D image of the tool is displayed through the HMD.
FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate a next step during which the tool is inserted in the patient, and a collision between the tool and structure of interest can be visually verified, and automatically verified with the computer.
FIG. 9 illustrates another example of an improved system to help position a tool proximate to a structure of interest, using augmented reality and optical markers to assess relative positions of components in the system, in which the camera is separated from the head mounted display.
FIG. 10 illustrates an initial step in the process in which a patient marker is optically tracked in the system of FIG. 9.
FIG. 2 shows an example of an improved augmented reality system 100 for imaging a structure of interest while performing a medical procedure involving a tool. The same example provided in FIG. 1 is again illustrated: placement of a needle 26 within a vessel 24 as assisted by ultrasound imaging. Thus, several similar elements are once again shown, including the ultrasound device 12, its transducer 18, the tool 27 including the needle 26, and the vessel 24 under the skin 22 of the patient. New to the system 100 are a computer 150, a head mounted display (HMD) 102, and several markers (M1, M2, and M3). Marker M1 is affixed to the patient's skin 22, marker M2 is affixed to the ultrasound transducer 18, and marker M3 is affixed to the tool 27.
By way of an overview, the system 100 allows the clinician to create a 3-dminesional (3D) model of the vessel 24 using the ultrasound 12. This 3D model, once formed, can be viewed by the clinician through the HMD 102 in its proper position relative to the patient. That is, through the HMD 102, the clinician can see both a virtual image of the 3D model of the vessel 24 superimposed on the clinician's view, such that the 3D model of the vessel will move and retain its correct position relative to the patient when either the clinician or patient moves. With the 3D model of the vessel in view, the ultrasound 12 can now be dispensed with, and the clinician can introduce the tool 27 into the procedure. The position of the tool 27 is likewise tracked, and a virtual image of a 3D model of the tool 27 is also superimposed in the HMD 102 onto the clinician's view along with the 3D model of the vessel 24.
With both 3D models for the vessel 24 and tool 27 visible through the HMD 102, the clinician can now introduce the tool 27 into the patient. As the clinician virtually sees both the needle tip 28 of the tool 27 and the 3D model of the vessel 24 through the HMD 102, the clinician can visually verify when the tip 28 is proximate to, or has breached, the vessel 24. Additionally, because the positions of the 3D models are tracked by the computer 150, the computer 150 can also inform the clinician when the tool 27 and vessel 24 collide, i.e., when the tip 28 is proximate to, or has breached, the vessel 24. Beneficially, the clinician is not bothered by the distraction of imaging aspects when introducing the tool 27 into the patient, as the ultrasound 12 has already been used to image the vessel 24, and has been dispensed with, prior to introduction of the tool 27. There is thus no need to view the display 14 or manipulate the transducer 18 of the ultrasound during introduction of the tool 27.
Different phases of the above-described procedure are set forth in subsequent figures, starting with FIGS. 3A and 3B. FIG. 3A shows the components of the system 100 used in an initial step. As shown, the system 100 at this point comprises the patient as represented by her skin 22 and the vessel 24 of interest, and a clinician (not shown) wearing the HMD 102. The HMD 102 comprises a camera 104 which sends live images to the computer 150 via cables 108. Further details of the processes occurring in the computer are shown in FIG. 3B, and these live images, hIIMD, are seen in box 152 as a number of pixels (xi,yi) as a function of time (f(t)). Typically, optical capture of this sort comprises capturing a number of image frames at a particular frame rate, as one skilled in the art will understand. These live images IHMD can be processed as necessary in the computer 150 and output back to the HMD 102 via cables 110 to displays 106 in the HMD 102 (FIG. 3A). Typically, there are two opaque displays in the HMD 102, one for each eye, although there may also be a single display viewable by both eyes in HMDs designs that are more akin to helmets rather than glasses. Regardless, the clinician sees the lives images as output by the display(s) 106. Such means of using a HMD 102 to view the real world is typical, and the HMD 102 can be of several known types. The HMD 102 may also be an optical see through type, again as is well known. In this modification, the displays 106 are at least semi-transparent, and as such live images don't need to be captured by the camera 104 and sent to the displays 106.
As discussed above, a marker M1 has been affixed to the patient's skin 22 in the vicinity of the vessel 24. The marker M1 in this example is encoded using a unique 2D array of black and white squares corresponding to a particular ID code (ID(M1)) stored in a marker ID file (box 156, FIG. 3B) in the computer 150. The marker M1 is recognized from the live images IHMD in the computer 150, and its position P1(x1,y1,z1) and orientation O1(α1,β1,γ1) (i.e., how the marker M1 is turned with respect to the x, y, and z axes) relative to the camera 104 is determined by an optical analysis of the size and geometry of the squares in the marker M1 (box 154, FIG. 3B). Thus, the HMD 102, or more specifically the camera 104, acts as the origin of the system 100, whose position is understood by the computer 150 as P0 (x0=0,y0=0,z0=0). This means of optically determining the position and orientation of a structure using a marker is well known, and can be accomplished for example using ARToolKit or ArUco, which are computer tracking software for creating augmented reality applications that overlay virtual imagery on the real world. See “ARToolKit,” and “ArUco: a minimal library for Augmented Reality applications based on OpenCv,” which were submitted with the above-incorporated '740 Application.
Once marker M1 is recognized in the computer 150, it is beneficial to provide a visual indication of that fact to the clinician through the HMD 102. Thus, a 2-dimensional (2D) virtual image of the marker Ml, IM1, is created and output to the displays 106. This occurs in the computer 150 by reading a graphical file of the marker (comprised of many pixels (xM1, yM1), and creating a 2D projection of that file (xM1′,yM1′). As shown in box 160, this image IM1 of marker M1 is a function of both the position P1 and orientation O1 of the marker M1 relative to the camera 104. Accordingly, as the clinician wearing the HMD 102 moves relative to the patient, the virtual image marker M1 image will change size and orientation accordingly. Software useful in creating 2D projections useable in box 160 includes the Panda3D game engine, as described in “Panda3D,” which was submitted with the above-incorporated '740 Application. Shading and directional lighting can be added to the 2D projections to give them a more natural look, as is well known.
In box 162, it is seen that the virtual images of the marker M1, IM1, and the live images, IIIMD, are merged, and output to the displays 160 via cables 110. Thus, and referring again to FIG. 3A, the clinician through the HMD 102 will see both live images and the time-varying virtual image of the marker, IM1, which, like other images in the Figures that follow, is shown in dotted lines to reflect its virtual nature. Again, displaying the marker virtually is useful to inform the clinician that the marker has been recognized by the computer 150 and is being tracked. However, this is not necessary; other means informing the clinician of the recognition and tracking of the marker are possible using any peripherals typically used with computer 150 (not shown), such as sounds through speakers, indication on a computer system display, etc. Additionally, some other graphical indication of tracking can be superimposed on the displays 106 of the HMD 102.
Rendering a proper 2D projection that will merge with what the clinician is seeing through the HMD 102 typically involves knowledge of the view angle of the camera 104. Although not shown, that angle is typically input into the 2D projection module 160 so that the rendered 2D images will match up with the live images in the displays 106.
FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate a next step, in which the ultrasound transducer 18 is introduced. A similar optically-detectable marker M2 is attached to the transducer 18 with its own unique ID code (ID(M2)) encoded in its pattern of squares. As with the patient marker M1, the position P2(x2,y2,z2) and orientation O2(α2,β2,γ2) of the transducer marker M2 relative to the camera 104 are recognized by the computer 150 (box 168, FIG. 4B). And again as with the patient marker, a 2D virtual image of the marker M2, IM2, is created and output to the displays 106 by reading a graphical file of the marker (xM2, yM2), and creating a 2D projection (xM2′,yM2′) (boxes 159, 160). This virtual image IM2 of marker M2 is a function of both the position P2 and orientation O2 of the transducer marker M2 relative to the camera 104, and like image IM1 will change size and orientation as the HMD 102 moves. Merging of the transducer marker image IM2 with both the patient marker image IM1 and the live images IHMD (box 162) lets the clinician know that the transducer is tracked, and that imaging of the vessel 24 can commence.
FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C illustrate imaging of the vessel 24, and the formation of a 3D model of the vessel 24. Although not shown, at this point the clinician will have informed the computer 150 through normal input means (mouse, keyboard, etc.) to start capturing images from the ultrasound 12 via cables 17. As shown in FIG. 5A, the transducer 18, tracked as discussed earlier, is placed against the patient's skin 22, and is moved along the vessel 24 in the direction of arrow 99. The computer 150 captures a series of images from the ultrasound at different points in time, which are processed (box 164, FIG. 5C) to identify the vessel 24. Such image processing can occur in several ways, and can involve traditional image processing techniques. For example, the captured pixels from the ultrasound 12, which comprise a grey-scale or intensity values as well as locations in the plane 20 (FIG. 1), can be filtered relative to a threshold. This ensures that only those pixels above the intensity threshold (and hopefully indicative of the vessel 24) remain. Such filtering is particularly useful in the processing of ultrasound images, as such images generally contain noise and other artifacts not indicative of the structure being imaged.
FIG. 5B illustrates the images captured by the computer 150 post-processing at different points in time (t1, t2, t3), with the vessel 24 now represented as a number of pixels (x4,y4) without grey scale. One way of identifying the structure of interest (the vessel 24) is also illustrated. As shown in the captured image at time t2, eight positions (demarked by x) around the perimeter of the vessel 24 have been identified by the computer 150, roughly at 45 degrees around the structure, which generally matches the circular nature of the vessel. This is merely exemplary; other structures of interest (e.g., tumors) not having predictable geometries could present more complex images. In fact, it may be necessary for the clinician to interface with the computer 150 to review the ultrasound images and identify the structure of interest at any given time, with the clinician (for example) using input means to the computer 150 to highlight, or tag, the structure of interest. It is not ultimately important to the disclosed technique the manner in which the computer 150 filters and identifies the structure of interest in each of the ultrasound images, and other techniques could be used. Software useful for receiving and processing the images from the ultrasound in box 164 includes OpenCV, as described in “OpenCV,” which was submitted with the above-incorporated '740 Application.
With perimeter positions identified in each of the filtered ultrasound images, a 3D model of the vessel 24 can be compiled in the computer 150. As shown to the right in FIG. 5B, this 3D model can comprise a shell or hull formed by connecting corresponding perimeter positions in each of the images to interpolate the position of the vessel 24 in locations where there is no data. Optical flow with temporal averaging can be useful in identifying the perimeter positions around the post processed images and integrating these images together to form the 3D model. Optical flow is described in “Optical flow,” which was submitted with the above-incorporated '740 Application.
It is important that the 3D model of the vessel 24 be referenced to the patient marker, i.e., that the position of the 3D model to the patient marker M1 be fixed so that its virtual image can be properly viewed relative to the patient. Correctly fixing the position of the 3D model requires consideration of geometries present in the system 100. For example, while the tracked position and orientation of the transducer marker M2 (P2, O2) generally inform about the position of the vessel 24, the critical position to which the ultrasound images are referenced is the bottom center of the transducer 18, i.e., position P2′. As shown in FIG. 5A, the relation between P2 (the transducer marker M2) and the transducer bottom point P2′ is dictated by a vector, 41, whose length and angle are a function of the size of the transducer 18 and the particular position where the marker M2 is placed, and the orientation 02 of the transducer 18. Because the length and angle of 41 can be known before hand, and programmed into the computer 150, and because O2 is measured as a function of time, the orientation-less position of P2′ (x2′,y2′z2′) as a function of time can be calculated (box 170, FIG. 5C).
Another geometrical consideration is the relative position of the identified structure in each ultrasound image. For example, in the different time slices in FIG. 5B, it is seen that the position of the identified structure moves around in the image relative to the top center of the image where the bottom point of the transducer (P2′) is located. Such movement may be due to the fact that the identified structure is moving (turning) as the transducer 18 is moved over it, or could occur because the transducer (i.e., P2′) has not been moved in a perfectly straight line, as shown to the right in FIG. 5B.
To differentiate such possibilities, another vector, Δ2, is considered in each image that fixes the true position of the identified structure relative to the bottom point of the transducer (P2′). Calculation of Δ2 can occur in different manners in the computer 150. In the example shown in FIG. 5B, the computer 150 assesses the pixels (x4,y4) in each frame and computes a centroid C for each, which fixes the length and relative angle of Δ2 in each image. Δ2 in real space is also a function of the orientation O2 of the transducer 18—it cannot safely be assumed for example that the transducer 18 was held perfectly perpendicular to the skin 22 at each instance an ultrasound image is taken. By consideration of such factors, the 3D position of the identified structure relative to the bottom point of the transducer, P5(x5,y5,z5), comprises the sum of the position of that bottom point P2′, the vector Δ2, and the filtered pixels in each image (x4,y4) (box 166, FIG. 5C).
As noted earlier, it is important that the 3D model of the identified structure be related to the position of the patient marker M1. During image capture, both the position of the bottom transducer point (P2′) and the position of the patient marker M1 (P1) will move relative to the origin of the camera 104 in the HMD 102, as shown to the right in FIG. 5B. (In reality, the patient may be relatively still, but the HMD 102, i.e., the clinician's head, moves). To properly fix the 3D model of the structure relative to the patient marker M1, the position of M1, P1(x1,x2,x3) is subtracted from the 3D position of the identified structure relative to the bottom point of the transducer, P5(x5,y5,z5) (box 172, FIG. 5C). Both of these parameters P1 and P5 vary in time, and their subtraction yields a time-invariant set of points in 3D space relative to the patient marker M1, i.e., P6 (x6,y6,z6). The relevant points in P6 may also be supplemented by interpolation to form a 3D shell that connects corresponding perimeter positions, as discussed earlier with respect to FIG. 5B.
After compilation of the 3D model of the structure relative to the patient marker M1 is complete, the ultrasound 12 can be removed from the system 100, and the 3D model can be viewed through the HMD 102, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B. The position and orientation of the patient marker M1 is still optically tracked, and its virtual image, IM1, is still visible and merged with live images, IHMD, as similar boxes in FIG. 6B reflect. An image of the 3D model of the identified structure, Istr, is also merged. To create the 2D projection of the 3D model, both the position of the model relative to the patient marker (P6), and the current position P1 and orientation O1 of the patient marker are considered. Thus, as the HMD 102 moves, Istr will also change in size and orientation. In essence, the clinician can now virtually “see” the structure in proper perspective to the patient, although in reality that structure is beneath the skin 22 and not visible. Other information about the 3D model of the identified structure may also be indicated to the clinician, such as the size (e.g., width, length, or volume) of the model as calculated by the computer 150. Such other information may be output using the computer 150's traditional peripheral devices, or may be merged into the output image and displayed on the HMD 102.
With this virtual image Istr of the structure now in view, the clinician can introduce the tool 27 (e.g., needle 26) that will interact with that structure, which is shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B. A similar optically-detectable marker M3 is attached to the tool 27 with its own unique ID code (ID(M3)) encoded in its pattern of squares. As with the patient marker M1 and the transducer marker M2, the position P3(x3,y3,z3) and orientation O3(α3,β3,γ3) of the tool marker M3 relative to the camera 104 are recognized by the computer 150 (box 180, FIG. 7B). And again, a 2D virtual image of the tool marker M3, IM3, is created and output to the displays 106 by reading a graphical file of the marker (xM3, yM3), and creating a 2D projection (xM3′,yM3′) (boxes 181, 160). This virtual image IM3 of tool marker M3 is a function of both the position P3 and orientation O3 of the tool marker M3 relative to the camera 104, and like image IM1 will change size and orientation as the HMD 102 moves. Merging of the tool marker image IM3 with both the patient marker image IM1 and the live images IHMD (box 162) lets the clinician know that the tool is tracked.
Additionally beneficial at this stage, but not strictly necessary, is to provide a virtual image of the tool 27 itself, It, as shown in FIG. 7A. This is helpful for a number of reasons. First, viewing the tool virtually allows its perspective relative to the structure image, Istr, to be better understood. For example, if the tool 27 is between the image of the structure and the HMD 102, Istr should not be visible behind It, which gives the clinician a more natural perspective of the two images. Also, providing a virtual image It of the tool 27 is helpful in understanding the position of the tool 27 once it is no longer visible, e.g., when the needle 26 has been inserted into the patient. Because It shows the full length of the needle 26 even after it is placed in the patient, the relationship between its tip 28 and the virtual structure Istr can be seen, even though neither are actually visible. This helps the clinician know when the needle tip 28 has breached the vessel 24, which as noted earlier is desirable when inserting an IV for example.
Creation of tool virtual image It starts with a file in the computer 150 indicative of the shape of the tool 27, which like the 3D model of the structure can comprise many points in 3D space, (xt,yt,zt) (box 183, FIG. 7B). This tool file (xt,yt,zt) can be made by optically scanning the tool, as an output of the Computer Aided Design (CAD) program used to design the tool, or simply by measuring the various dimensions of the tool. How the 3D tool file is created is not important, nor is it important that the tool image It produced from this file look exactly like the tool 27 in question. For example, (xt,yt,zt) and It may simply define and virtually display tool 27 as a straight rod of an appropriate length and diameter.
Tool image It, like the 3D model of the structure, can be rendered in 2D for eventual image merging and output to the displays 106 in the HMD 102 (box 160, FIG. 7B). Such 2D projection will be a function of the points (xt,yt,zt) projected in accordance with the position P3 and orientation O3 of the tool 27. For proper rendering, the position of the tool marker P3 on the tool 27 must also be known to the computer 150, as this position P3 will ultimately act as the origin of the projection of the tool. As with the other virtual images, the virtual image of the tool It will move and turn as either the HMD 102 or tool 27 moves and turns.
Once the virtual image of the tool 27 (It) and the virtual image of the structure (Istr) are in viewed and properly tracked, the clinician may now introduce the tool 27 (needle 26) into the skin 22 of the patient, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B. As noted earlier, because the tool image It and structure image Istr can be virtually seen beneath the skin 22 of the patient, the clinician can visually verify when the needle 26 has breached the vessel 24.
Additionally, the computer 150 can also automatically determine the proximity between the needle 26 and the vessel 24, which again requires consideration of the geometry present. The position of the needle tip 28, P3’, and the position of the tool marker, P3, are related by a vector 43, as shown in FIG. 8A. As with the position of the transducer marker (P2) relative to the bottom of the transducer (P2′), 43's length and angle are a function of the size of the tool 27, the particular position in which the tool marker M3 is placed, and the orientation O3 of the tool 27. Because the length and angle of Δ3 can be known before hand, and programmed into the computer 150, and because O3 is measured as a function of time, the orientation-less position of P3′ (x3′,y3′z3′) as a function of time can be calculated (box 184, FIG. 8B).
Because the position of the 3D model of the identified structure is referenced to the patient marker (P6; see box 172, FIG. 5C), it is also useful to reference the position of the needle tip 28 P3′ to the patient marker, which occurs by subtracting the current patient marker position P1 from the current position of the needle tip P3′, thus forming a normalized position for the tip, P7 (box 186, FIG. 8B). With positions P7 and P6 both referenced to the patient marker, the computer 150 can assess the proximity of the two by comparing P7 (in this case of a needle tip, a single point) to the pixels in P6 (collision detection box 188, FIG. 8B). This can occur by assessing in real time the minimum distance between P7 and the pixels in P6, or the shell formed by interpolating between the points in P6 as mentioned earlier. Such distance calculation is easily accomplished in many known ways.
In the event of a collision between P7 and P6, i.e., when the distance between them is zero, the computer 150 can indicate the collision (box 190, FIG. 8B) so that the clinician can know when the tip 28 has penetrated the vessel 24. Such indication can be accomplished using peripherals typically used with computer 150, such as sounds through speakers, indication on a computer system display, etc. Additionally, some other graphical indication of collision can be superimposed on the displays 106 of the HMD 102.
One skilled will understand that the system 100 is not limited to detecting collisions between the tool and the structure of interest. Using the same distance measurement techniques, the system can indicate relative degrees of proximity between the two. In some applications, it may be desired that the tool not breach the structure of interest, but instead merely get as close as possible thereto. Simple changes to the software of the collision detection module 188 (FIG. 8B) will allow for such modifications.
Further it is not necessary that collision of the tool be determined by reference to a single point on the tool, such as P7. In more complicated tool geometries, collision (or proximity more generally) can be assessed by comparing the position of the shell of the tool (such as represented by the 3D model of the tool; see box 183, FIG. 7B) versus the shell of the imaged structure.
It should be understood that while this disclosure has focused on the example of positioning a needle tip within a vessel, it is not so limited. Instead, the disclosed system can be varied and used in many different types of medical procedures, each involving different structures of interest, different tools, and different forms of imaging. Furthermore, the use of ultrasound, while preferred as an imaging tool for its quick and easy ability to image structures in situ and in real time during a procedure, is not necessary. Other forms of imaging, including those preceding the medical procedure at hand, can also be used, with the resulting images being positionally referenced to the patient in various ways.
The imaging device may not necessarily produce a plurality of images for the computer to assess. Instead, a single image can be used, which by its nature provides a 3D model of the structure of interest to the computer 150. Even a single 2D image of the structure of interest can be used. While such an application would not inform the computer 150 of the full 3D nature of the structure of interest, such a single 2D image would still allow the computer to determine proximity of the tool 27 to the structure of interest.
While optical tracking has been disclosed as a preferred manner for determining the relative positions and orientations of the various aspects of the system (the patient, the imaging device, the tool, etc.), other means for making these determinations are also possible. For example, the HMD, patient, imaging device, and tool can be tagged with radio transceivers for wirelessly calculating the distance between the HMD and the other components, and 3-axis accelerometers to determine and wirelessly transmit orientation information to the HMD. If such electrical markers are used, optical marker recognition would not be necessary, but the clinician could still use the HMD to view the relevant virtual images. Instead, the electronic markers could be sensed wirelessly, either at the computer 150 (which would assume the computer 150 acts as the origin of the system 100, in which case the position and orientation of the HMD 102 would also need to be tracked) or at the HMD 102 (if the HMD 102 continues to act as the origin).
Software aspects of the system can be integrated into a single program for use by the clinician in the procedure room. As is typical, the clinician can run the program by interfacing with the computer 150 using well known means (keyboard, mouse, graphical user interface). The program can instruct the clinician through the illustrated process. For example, the software can prompt the clinician to enter certain relevant parameters, such the type of imaging device and tool being used, their sizes (as might be relevant to determined vectors Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 for example), and the locations of the relevant marker images and 3D tool files (if not already known). The program can further prompt the clinician to put on the HMD 102, to mark the patient, and confirm that patient marker is being tracked. The program can then prompt the clinician to mark the transducer (if not already marked), and confirm that the transducer marker is being tracked. The clinician can then select an option in the program to allow the computer 150 to start receiving and processing images from the ultrasound 12, at which point the clinician can move the transducer to image the structure, and then inform the program when image capture can stop. The program could allow the clinician to manually review the post-processed (filtered) images to confirm that the correct structure has been identified, and that the resulting 3D model of the imaged structure seems to be appropriate. The program can then display the 3D model of the structure through the HMD 102, and prompt the clinician to mark the tool (if not already marked), and confirm that the tool marker is being tracked. The program can then inform the clinician to insert the tool into the patient, and to ultimately indicate the proximity of the tool to the structure, as already discussed above. Not all of these steps would be necessary in a computer program for practicing the process enabled by system 100, and many modifications are possible.
One skilled in the art will understand that the data manipulation provided in the various boxes in the Figures can be performed in computer 150 in various ways, and that various pre-existing software modules or libraries such as those mentioned earlier can be useful. Other data processing aspects can be written in any suitable computer code, such as Python.
The software aspects of system 100 can be embodied in computer-readable media, such as a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store instructions for execution by a machine, such as the computer system 15 disclosed earlier. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, solid-state memories, or optical or magnetic media such as discs. Software for the system 100 can also be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, in computer hardware, in firmware, in special purpose logic circuitry such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit), in software, or in combinations of them, which again all comprise examples of “computer-readable media.” When implemented as software fixed in computer-readable media, such software can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network. Computer 150 should be understood accordingly, although computer 150 can also comprise typical work stations or personal computers.
Routine calibration of the system 100 can be useful. For example, it can be useful to place one of the markers at a known distance from the camera 104, and to assess the position that the computer 150 determines. If the position differs from the known distance, the software can be calibrated accordingly. Orientation can be similarly calibrated by placing a marker at a known orientation, and assessing orientation in the computer to see if adjustments are necessary.
FIG. 9 illustrates another example of an improved system 100′ in which the camera 104 is separated from the HMD 102. In this system, the camera 104 would likely be positioned in some stationary manner relative to the patient, and able to view the other components of the system 100′. (It is not however strictly required that the camera be stationary, as system 100′ can adjust to camera 104 movement). The camera 104 can still act as the origin (P0) of the system, against which the position and orientation of the various other components—the patient (P1;O1), the ultrasound transducer 18 (P2;O2), the tool 27 (P3;O3), and now the HMD 102 (P4;O4) which is marked with marker M4—are gauged. Because position and orientation of the HMD 102 is now tracked relative to the camera 104, the HMD 102 also comprises a marker M4, for which a corresponding HMD marker image IM4 is stored in the computer 150.
As before, the HMD 102 in system 100′ can be of the opaque or the optical see through type. If the HMD 102 is of the opaque type, the HMD 102 would have another image capture device (i.e., another camera apart from stationary camera 104) to capture the clinician's view (IHMD) so that it can be overlaid with other images (the markers, the ultrasound, the tool, etc.) as described above. However, as illustrated in FIG. 9, the displays 106 in the HMD 102 are at least semi-transparent, and as such live images don't need to be captured by the HMD 102 and merged with other system images before presentation at the displays 106.
System 100′ can otherwise generally operate as described earlier, with some modifications in light of the new origin of the camera 104 apart from the HMD 102, and in light of the fact that the clinician's view is not being captured for overlay purposes. For example, FIG. 10 shows use of the system 100′ in an initial step—i.e., prior to the introduction of the ultrasound transducer 18 as in FIGS. 3A and 3B. At this step in system 100′, the camera 104 captures an image (191), and the position and orientation of the patient marker M1 (P1;O1) and the HMD marker M4 (P4;O4) are identified (steps 154 and 191). From these, step 193 can create a 2D projection (IM1) of the patient marker M1 from graphics file 158 for presentation to the display of the HMD 102. (There is no need for an image of the HMD marker M4, because the clinician would not see this). Because this image is to be displayed at the position of the HMD marker M4, the position and orientation of HMD marker M4 are subtracted from position and orientation of the patient marker M1 at step 193. As this 2D image IM1 will be displayed on the displays 106 without overlay of the clinician's view, there is no need in this example for image merging (compare step 162, FIG. 3B), although if a separate image capture device is associated with the HMD 102, such merging would occur as before. Other steps in the process would be similarly revised in light of the new position of the camera 104, as one skilled in the art will appreciate.
Although particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it should be understood that the above discussion is not intended to limit the present invention to these embodiments. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents that may fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the claims.
1. A system useful in performing a medical procedure on a patient, comprising:
a computer;
a display;
a patient marker affixable to a patient, wherein the patient marker informs the computer of a position and orientation of the patient marker;
an imaging device marker affixable to an imaging device, wherein the imaging device marker informs the computer of a position and orientation of the imaging device marker;
a tool marker affixable to a tool for interfacing with a structure of interest in the patient, wherein the tool marker informs the computer of a position and orientation of the tool marker;
wherein the computer is configured to receive at least one image of the structure of interest from the imaging device,
wherein the computer is configured to generate a 3D model of the structure of interest using the at least one image,
wherein the computer is configured to generate a virtual image of the structure of interest from the 3D model of the structure of interest, and to generate a virtual image of the tool from a 3D model indicative of the shape of the tool, and
wherein the computer is configured to superimpose the virtual image of the structure of interest and the virtual image of the tool on the display in correct positions and orientations relative to the patient.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the display comprises a head mounted display (HMD).
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the HMD further comprises a camera for capturing live images.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the patient marker, the imaging device marker, and the tool marker are optical markers, and wherein the optical markers are sensed by the camera to inform the computer of their positions and orientations.
5. The system of claim 3, wherein the live images are sent to the computer by the camera, wherein the computer is configured to superimpose the virtual image of the structure of interest, the virtual image of the tool, and the live images on the display in correct positions and orientations relative to the patient.
6. The system of claim 2, wherein the HMD is at least semi-transparent such that the HMD allows the user to view the live images through the HMD.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the patient marker, the imaging device marker, and the tool marker are electronic markers, and wherein the position and orientation of the electronic markers are sensed wirelessly.
8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a camera, wherein the patient marker, the imaging device marker, and the tool marker are optical markers, and wherein the optical markers are sensed by the camera to inform the computer of their positions and orientations.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the camera is coupled to the display.
10. The system of claim 8, wherein the camera is separate from the display.
11. The system of claim 8, wherein the camera sends live images to the computer, wherein the computer is further configured to superimpose a virtual image of at least one of the patient, imaging device, or tool markers on the live images in the HMD in correct positions and orientations relative to the patient.
12. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer is further configured to determine a proximity between the virtual image of the structure of interest and the virtual image of the tool.
13. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer is further configured to determine a collision between the virtual image of the structure of interest and the virtual image of the tool.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the computer is further configured to indicate the collision to the user.
15. The system of claim 149, wherein the computer is further configured to alert the user of the collision by displaying an image on the display.
16. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one image comprises a plurality of images.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the computer is configured to generate the 3D model of the structure by determining perimeter positions of the structure of interest in each image, and connecting corresponding perimeter positions in each images.
18. A system useful in performing a medical procedure on a patient using a tool, comprising:
a tool marker affixable to a tool for interfacing with a structure of interest in the patient, wherein the tool marker informs the computer of a position and orientation of the tool relative to the patient;
wherein the computer is configured to generate a 3D model of the structure of interest positioned relative to the patient using the at least one image, and
wherein the computer is configured to determine a proximity between the 3D model of the structure of interest and the tool.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the computer is configured to determine a proximity between the 3D model of the structure of interest and the tool by calculating a distance between the 3D model of the structure of interest positioned relative to the patient and a point on the tool positioned relative to the patient.
20. The system of claim 18, wherein the computer is further configured to generate a virtual image of the structure of interest from the 3D model of the structure of interest, and to generate a virtual image of the tool from a 3D model indicative of the shape of the tool.
21. The system of claim 20, wherein the computer is configured to determine a proximity between the 3D model of the structure of interest and the tool by calculating a distance between the virtual image of the structure of interest and the virtual image of the tool.
22. The system of claim 20, further comprising a display device, wherein the computer is further configured to superimpose the virtual image of the structure of interest and the virtual image of the tool on the display device in correct positions and orientations relative to the patient.
23. The system of claim 22, wherein the display device comprises a head mounted display (HMD).
24. The system of claim 23, wherein the HMD is opaque, and wherein live images are sent to the computer by a camera on the HMD and are provided from the computer to the HMD.
25. The system of claim 23, wherein the HMD is at least semi-transparent such that the HMD allowing a user to view live images through the HMD.
26. The system of claim 22, further comprising a camera, and wherein the patient marker, the imaging device marker, and the tool marker are optical markers, and wherein the optical markers are sensed by the camera to inform the computer of their positions and orientations.
27. The system of claim 26, wherein the camera is coupled to a display.
28. The system of claim 27, wherein the camera sends live images to the computer, wherein the computer is further configured to superimpose a virtual image of at least one of the patient, imaging device, or tool markers on the live images in the display in correct positions and orientations relative to the patient.
29. The system of claim 18, wherein the patient marker, the imaging device marker, and the tool marker are electronic markers, and wherein the position and orientation of the electronic markers are sensed wirelessly.
30. The system of claim 18, wherein the proximity comprises a collision between the 3D model of the structure of interest and the tool.
31. The system of claim 30, wherein the computer is further configured to indicate the collision to a user.
32. The system of claim 18, wherein the at least one image comprises a plurality of images.
Filed: Apr 5, 2013
Applicant: Board of Regents, the University of Texas System (Galveston, TX)
Inventors: Bennjamin D. Fronk (Dickinson, TX), Daneshvari R. Solanki (League City, TX), Varun Koyyalagunta (Austin, TX)
Application Number: 13/857,851
Current U.S. Class: With Means For Determining Position Of A Device Placed Within A Body (600/424)
International Classification: A61B 5/06 (20060101); A61B 5/00 (20060101);
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Novel vs Short Story: me, Simon van Booy & Fiona McFarlane
June 6, 2016 June 6, 2016 / Paul McVeigh Writer
Honoured to be sharing the stage with Fiona McFarlane and Simon van Booy in my favourite venue in the world! Hope some of you can some. Here’s the skinny…
Tonight three authors will debate the pleasures and pitfalls of the two forms as readers and writers of both. Award-winning Simon van Booy joins us from the USA and Fiona McFarlane visits us from Australia, making her first UK appearance. Paul McVeigh, author and co-founder of London Short Story Festival completes the panel with literary agent Carrie Kania chairing. Lively readings, engaging conversations and signings with a glass of wine.
Simon Van Booy is the author of three collections of short stories and three novels, with his most recent novel ‘Father’s Day’, just published in the UK by One World. In 2010, he won the Frank O’Connor International Short Story Award for his collection Love Begins in Winter. His fiction has been translated into seventeen languages.
Fiona McFarlane’s novel, The Night Guest, will be published in 19 countries and 15 languages, and won a NSW Premier’s Prize and Fiona was named a Sydney Morning Herald Best Young Australian Novelist for 2014. Fiona’s short stories have been published in the New Yorker her debut collection ‘The High Places’ is out now.
Paul McVeigh’s debut novel ‘The Good Son’ was chosen as Brighton’s City Reads 2016 and has been shortlisted for numerous awards. His short stories have been published in journals and anthologies and read on BBC Radio 4 and 5. Paul is also the co-founder of the London Short Story Festival and associate director of Word Factory the UK’s premier short story salon.
£5 tickets are available in store, by telephone 020 7851 2400 or by email:piccadilly@waterstones.com
Carrie Kania, Fiona McFarlane, live appearances, live literature, novel, readings, short story, Simon van Booy, The Good Son, Waterstones Piccadilly
← Longlisted for The Polari Prize
See you in Belfast? →
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Mood: lethargic
Music: Too many songs to keep track of
Second Annual Halloween Ghost Walk
This Halloween, I decided to go on the Ghosts, Greasepaint & Gallows Walk with Tasty Tours as I really enjoyed my experience last year on the Phantoms, Players & Pundits Walk. This time around, bakerybard was brave enough to accept my invitation and met me at Eglinton Station so we could travel to St. Lawrence Market together. As I hadn’t had supper yet, I grabbed a slice of pizza and a bottle of Diet Coke from a fast food vendor inside the South Market. Then I happily munched on the pizza slice as bakerybard and I stood outside waiting for our tour to start. When our guide Shirley arrived, she was in her usual Halloween costume consisting of a Victorian gown, hat, and wig. Once role call was over and everyone was registered, Shirley led us inside the South Market for pastry and a bottle of water (items included with the cost of the tour). When I saw how large all the pastries were, I told bakerybard that I probably could have skipped the pizza, but she assured me that I’d need the extra carbs for the ghost walk.
We had barely sat down when Shirley announced that we were heading down to the basement and would have to eat our pastries on the go. She suggested that we try not to talk as we walked down the stairs and pay close attention to the brickwork of the walls in the basement. Of course, people continued to chatter, though I don’t think I was likely to have picked up on any sensations. I did notice that the basement brickwork was very old – in Toronto terms. As we climbed another set of stairs to leave the basement, I didn’t feel anything, though one woman on the tour said she’d felt anxious. Shirley explained that many people, including herself, have experienced a sense of fear or trepidation when climbing those stairs. She believes this is because there used to be jail cells in the basement of the South Market in the early nineteenth century (Hence the old brickwork) and prisoners would be led up a flight of stairs to face the stocks, the pillory, or the noose.
St. James’ Cathedral
The next stop on our tour was St. James’ Cathedral. As I have an uncle who attends that church and holds the title of Head Sidesperson, I was really curious to know what hauntings might be associated with the place. As we were about to go through St. James’ Park, Shirley asked us to consider a riddle, which I’ll paraphrase because I can’t remember her exact wording: What kind of home doesn’t have windows or doors? I heard a couple of people discussing the riddle as we walked, but no one seemed to be coming up with a plausible answer.
As we gathered on the south porch of the cathedral, Shirley told us a bit of the history of the place. [1] Apparently, most of Toronto’s past elite are buried in the cathedral’s crypt, [2] and members of the Royal Family visit St. George’s Chapel whenever they’re in Toronto. [3] Of course, it wouldn’t be a ghost walk without a ghost story or two. Shirley told us about a group of volunteers who had gathered to ring the twelve change-ringing bells that had been installed for the cathedral’s bicentenary. Before they got started, they heard what sounded like someone running up a set of wooden stairs to the bell tower. However, the staircase leading up to the bell tower is metal, and the volunteers believed the footfalls stopped before anyone could have reached the bell tower. After conducting some research, Shirley came up with a theory. St. James’ Cathedral was burnt down in the great fire of 1849, so the stairs in the older bell tower might have been wooden. In addition, the steeple from the previous version of the cathedral wasn’t as tall as the steeple we know today, so a spirit wouldn’t have to run as far to reach the bell tower.
Stephen Jarvis’ tombstone
Shirley drew our attention to the tombstones on the walls of the south porch and accused us of being typically Canadian because we hadn’t asked about them sooner. Then she asked what impressions people had of St. James’ Park, and one person said that she’d found it creepy. I thought it was quite pretty, so I kept quiet. I realized that my radar was really off when a man on the tour correctly guessed that St. James’ Park used to be a cemetery (Hence the home without doors or windows). Shirley revealed to us that the tombstones on the walls on either side of us used to belong to that cemetery, and the bodies had been moved to places such as Mount Pleasant in 1850. I can’t remember if Shirley also covered this as well, but I read that St. James’ Park still contains Cholera pits from the nineteenth century and it’s estimated that more than 5,000 bodies are buried at its north end. [4] In any case, while I had seen tombstones on the walls of places like Westminster Abbey, it was still a little bizarre to see them on the walls of a Toronto cathedral, especially when Shirley pointed out the tombstone with the name Sarah Polley – a name that is shared by a Canadian actress who is still very much alive. Shirley also showed us Stephen Jarvis’ and John Rideout’s tombstones, explaining how ironic it was for them to be on walls facing each other as John Rideout was killed in a duel with Samuel Jarvis and, to this day, the Jarvis and Rideout families refuse to have anything to do with each other and always insist on sitting in separate pews when attending services at the cathedral.
Outside Court Square
Next we headed for Court Square. Gathering on a walkway outside the square, we listened to Shirley tell us some stories about people’s experiences on previous tours. On one Halloween walk, a young woman was standing in a particular spot listening to Shirley. Then, she suddenly jumped and ran to join her friends, who were standing some feet away. The woman had felt someone tap her on the shoulder and was understandably shaken up. However, what’s funny is that she and her friends decided to go on the same walk in late April, and the woman ended up standing in the same spot again. Shirley kept quiet, wondering what might happen and, sure enough, the woman felt someone tap her shoulder and had the exact same reaction. Shirley wonders if the timing of the walks had something to do with the woman’s experiences: the veil between the living and the dead is thinnest on Halloween/Samhain and Beltane (April 30th/May 1st). Shirley’s other anecdote involved a couple who had their picture taken in the area where we had gathered. When they looked at the picture afterwards, they could see a figure standing between them. It wasn’t anyone on the tour because the figure had nineteenth century style boots and corduroy trousers, but nothing else: no upper torso and no head.
What used to be the York
County Courthouse and is now a
nightclub called "The Courthouse"
Before we left to explore Court Square, Shirley said that anyone who didn’t want to go in could remain in the walkway with her. While I already had my suspicions on what stage of the walk we had reached, Shirley's offer made me sure I was right. Maybe that’s why I felt a slight wave of nervousness as I walked into Court Square and took pictures of the Courthouse and a couple of other buildings. Once we were outside Court Square, Shirley informed us that Court Square used to be a hanging square. The Courthouse Lounge used to be the York County Courthouse and there was once a prison where a CIBC now stands beside the walkway. Shirley described a strange incident in which two women on a past tour rose up on their tiptoes and swung back and forth. As this wasn’t normal behaviour for them, they couldn’t figure out why they would do that. It wasn’t until Shirley was at the Santa Claus parade with her niece and nephew that she realized what had happened. As she saw parade goers standing on their tiptoes to see past the people in front of them, she knew that spectators at a hanging would probably do the same thing. While nothing that strange happened to me, I did have what could be described as my first olfactory paranormal experience. I was aware of some scent I couldn’t place about 20 seconds before Shirley told us that some people had been able to smell burnt wood in the area of the hanging square. As scaffolds were constructed on site, this was one possible explanation for the phenomenon. As I’m often congested and have a hard time distinguishing subtle smells, it seemed really strange that I was also picking up on the scent of burnt wood…
Outside Court Square and where
I’m sure I smelled burnt wood
My memory is failing me, but I think we next headed to Grand Opera Lane and the Scotia Plaza. As we walked down Grand Opera Lane, Shirley suggested that we take pictures as people on previous tours had managed to pick up orbs. In fact, a cop managed to capture a rather impressive red orb. My pictures of Grand Opera Lane didn’t turn out very well, so I haven’t posted them. Of course, if there had been orbs, I would have swallowed my pride and gladly included them with this report. However, I did have a strange experience inside the Scotia Plaza.
Maybe it was because I was tired and stepping from an outdoor environment to an indoor one, but as soon as I entered the building, I felt this heaviness press down on me. It almost felt like an effort to lift my feet as I walked. When I wasn’t feeling weighed down, I felt almost light-headed. I don’t think it was my imagination, but I can’t be sure, of course. I just know that I was happy to leave the building and felt some of the heaviness lift as I stepped outside again. Considering the history of the spot we were in, it may not be a big surprise.
The Grand Opera House once stood in the same spot as the Scotia Plaza. Opened in 1874, it was considered to be Toronto’s premier concert hall during the late nineteenth century. The Grand Opera House experienced a number of fires, including one in 1879 that killed a stage-carpenter, his wife, and infant daughter. Shirley told us that the fire is believed to have started after a performance of the “Scottish Play” when embers in the three witches’ cauldron continued to smoulder. A witness saw a woman (presumably the stage-carpenter’s wife) in a window screaming for help. She informed the witness that her husband and daughter were also inside, and the witness tried to climb to the window to rescue the family. Unfortunately, flames shot out of the window and the witness was forced to give up. Shirley wonders if that strange red orb the cop saw on that one tour actually represented these flames and if the cop saw them because it’s a police officer’s job to help people.
Another sinister event connected to the Grand Opera House is the disappearance of Ambrose Small. Small was a theatre magnate who owned several theatres, including the Grand Opera House. Small had a reputation as a gambler and a man who booked less reputable but more titillating shows in his theatres. He even kept a secret sex room in the Grand Opera House. Perhaps, then, it’s not surprising that Small would become the victim of foul play.
On December 1, 1919, Ambrose Small sold all of his theatrical holdings and deposited over a million dollars in a Toronto bank. Then, on December 2, 1919, he left his office at the Grand Opera House and was never seen again. The last person to see Small was his lawyer F.W.M. Flock, who left Small’s office at 5:30 pm. No one reported seeing him leave his office or travel through the Adelaide and Yonge Street area. Small didn’t appear to have any motive for disappearing as the money remained untouched. There wasn’t even a ransom note or evidence of a kidnapping. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was even approached to solve the case, but he chose not to pursue it. Small’s wife supposedly made a deathbed confession about killing him and cremating his body in the London, Ontario Grand Opera Theatre, but this story has never been substantiated.
Haunted condo
I could be mistaken, but I believe our next destination was Victoria and Richmond, where we stood across the street from a condo that is allegedly haunted. Shirley told us one story about an occupant who woke up in the middle of the night to use the bathroom and saw a woman carrying books. The mysterious woman asked the occupant if she could hold her books for her and then disappeared. People who have taken photographs of the condo have had orbs appear in their pictures, especially around the area of the first and second floors. As you can see by my own photo, nothing like that happened to me. In fact, the most bizarre experience for all of us was to see two guys dressed as cavemen who hollered at us from across the street.
Next up on the ghost walk was the Elgin and Winter Garden Theatre, which is a “double decker” theatre. The bottom theatre, which was originally called “Loew’s Yonge Street Theatre,” was opened on December 15th, 1913 and had the capacity to seat 2,149 people. The upper theatre, the Winter Garden, opened on February 16th, 1914 and could seat 1,410 people. The architect was American Thomas Lamb and the building was designed as the flagship of Marcus Loew’s chain of vaudeville theatres. The principle behind the design was to incorporate two theatres in the amount of real estate a single theatre would normally occupy. Both theatres were eventually shut down, but the Ontario Heritage Foundation bought the building twenty years ago and re-opened it on December 15th, 1989.
As we stood outside this historic building, Shirley asked if any of us had ever been inside the Elgin and Winter Garden Theatre, and one woman said that she used to be an usher there and was often spooked out by both the upper and lower theatres. Shirley told us that the women’s washroom is supposedly very haunted – possibly because it’s where the smoking room used to be. In vaudeville theatres, the smoking room is where shady deals were sometimes made with gangsters and hitmen. Shirley also said that seats are sometimes seen folded down, as if spirits were sitting in them. In the 1980s, volunteers decided to conduct a séance after witnessing a number of strange occurrences. During the séance, they managed to contact a man named Sam, who claimed to be a trombone player who had gotten drunk and broken his neck after falling off the stage and into the orchestra pit. After doing some research, the volunteers discovered that the story was true.
From the Elgin and Winter Theatre, we walked to St. Michael’s Catholic Cathedral. I’m assuming Shirley chose this location as it would be more pleasant than standing outside St. Michael’s Hospital, the subject of her next set of stories. Most of these stories featured the ghost of a Sister Vincenza, who is most closely associated with room 7b and has insisted on continuing to work even after death. Sister Vincenza has pulled blankets higher or lower on patients, depending on their needs, and was even sighted after someone died of a coronary, as if she was there to administer last rites. People who have witnessed her ghost have had the terrifying experience of seeing a woman in white habit with only a black void for a face.
Mackenzie House
We didn’t have to go far to reach Mackenzie House, the home of Toronto’s first mayor, William Lyon Mackenzie. Mackenzie was a hot-tempered Scotsman, who started his career as a journalist. Mackenzie was a passionate advocate for social reform and often made verbal attacks on what he called the “Family Compact” (Toronto’s elite). In 1834, Mackenzie was elected mayor of Toronto and led a rebellion against the wealthy owners of crown reserves in 1837. While some of his compatriots were hanged, Mackenzie managed to escape to the States and remained there until 1849 when he was granted amnesty. The ghost of William Lyon Mackenzie has been seen at Mackenzie House by several witnesses. In fact, there have been a number of strange phenomena. People have heard the printing press start up on its own (when it’s not electric) and have heard the piano playing in the parlour. However, what might be most frightening is a certain female ghost.
In the 1970s, the city decided to hire a couple to live in Mackenzie House as custodians. One night, the couple saw a woman standing between the wall and the headboard of their bed. Not content with looming over the couple, the spirit began poking the wife. Then she pinched the wife. The final straw was when she punched the wife in the eye. The couple quit after that. The city tried hiring another couple to act as custodians and this couple was also forced to leave after having a similar experience with this female spirit. This ghost is described as wearing Victorian clothing, so one has to wonder if it might be William Lyon Mackenzie’s wife, Isabel Mackenzie.
Our last stop on the tour was the Church of the Holy Trinity and Henry Scadding's House – both of which are located in Trinity Square beside the Eaton Centre. Surprisingly, I can’t recall ever being in Trinity Square before, which is a shame because the Church of the Holy Trinity and Henry Scadding’s House are both incredible. The Church of the Holy Trinity was built in 1847 and is a good example of Gothic Revival architecture. The first rector of the Church of the Holy Trinity was Henry Scadding, who was both a clergyman and a writer. Henry Scadding is believed to haunt his old home, as people have heard the sound of a quill pen scratching away inside the building.
Henry Scadding’s House
Some of you might be wondering if I managed to catch any ghosts on my camera? Well, the honest answer to that question is that I’m not sure. In four pictures, I can see what might be faces. Unfortunately, they’re not easy to make out and it’s quite possible that I’m just seeing what I want to see. However, I’ll include them below and let you be the judge.
Ironically, the first face I discovered is actually the hardest one to see. In fact, I’m able to see it much better when I view the picture on my cell phone and almost couldn’t find it when I downloaded my pictures. I’m not even sure if my sister will be able to see it now when she was also able to make it out on my cell phone. I’ve tried a couple of tricks in Paint Shop Pro, but I won’t be surprised if no one can see the face considering how faint it is. For those of you keeping track, the photo was taken at St. James’ Cathedral:
The second face I found was in a picture I took at Mackenzie House. I had stood on my tiptoes to snap a shot of the gaslight over the fence because Shirley had said that people had managed to capture orbs circling around it before. As I was looking for orbs, I didn’t see it at first. When I did spot it, I was seriously creeped out. Can anyone else see a woman’s face or am I imagining it?:
The last two faces I found were in approximately the same spot in pictures I took of the Church of the Holy Trinity. If these are spirit faces, I believe it may be the same ghost in both pictures:
Ah, ghost walks. You’ve gotta love ’em…or at least humour those people who do… *g*
[1] Uncle G told me that St. James' was the original garrison church for the City of York. It's quite possible that Shirley told us this as well and I simply forgot. I'm getting old. It happens.
[2] According to Uncle G, only four people are now buried in the crypt: Bishop Strachan, Dean Grassett and his wife, and Walter Gilling, Dean and Rector of St. James' Cathedral from 1961 to 1973.
[3] In the same email, Uncle G also informed me that St. James' Cathedral is considered the Royal Church and the Royal Family attend services in the cathedral proper. Prince Edward was there in September.
[4] Uncle G ROCKS! Check out the additional information he gave me: "Most of the remaining bodies are believed to be under the parking lot but some are also in St. James' Park. A number of the bodies were re-buried in St. James' Cemetary on Parliament Street although some went to Mount Pleasant Cemetary. St. James' is the oldest cemetary in Toronto and has a beautiful Victorian baroque chapel which is called St. James - The - Less."
Tags: canadian history, ghost walks, halloween, toronto
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Home » Family » Family Islam
Family in Islam
Salam Islam
family in Islam Marriage in Islam salamislam
A family is not only a place for reproduction but also a site for growing the healthy spirit and character of human beings. To clarify this point, some principles are mentioned below which are derived from the verses of Quran:
1. Having amity and mercy within the family and providing security and peace for each other. This verse refers to family and its spiritual relations: “And of His signs is that He created for you mates from your own selves that you may take comfort in them, and He ordained affection and mercy between you. There are indeed signs in that for a people who reflect” (30:21).
2. Consultation and satisfaction of the couple in decision making [1].
3. In verse 71 of Al-Tawbah, men and women are introduced as each other’s friends and helpmates. In these verses, the importance of consultation is notified, and it is also mentioned that the viewpoints of all the family members are of equal value and no one’s approach receives more importance than the other’s [2].
4. The importance of family’s interests over personal interests [3].
5. Improving affairs and seeking reconciliation [4].
6. Forgiving each other’s mistakes, establishing peace and amour and avoiding egocentricity: “If a woman fears from her husband misconduct or desertion, there is no sin upon the couple if they reach a reconciliation between themselves; and reconcilement is better. The souls are prone to greed; but if you are virtuous and God wary, Allah is indeed well aware of what you do” (4:128).
7. Being good-tempered in etiquette and commerce: “deal kindly with them” (4:19).
The principles mentioned above indicate that the style Islam suggests for families is achievable through a true collaboration of all family members. Every family is a small part whose rectification contributes to the improvement of the whole society and consequently its perfection.
[1] (2:233)
[2] (9:71, 28:26, 28, and 37:102,103)
[3] (2:229, 4:19)
[4] (8:1)
salamislam.com/node/70
What happens to a marriage after converting to Islam?
Marriage in Islam, family in Islam, muslims Marriage, salamislam
Although we keep hearing and reading criticisms about people who live a routine life with no specific changes, there are still not many people who experience huge changes in their lives. Most people in this world live a conventional life. They go to school, then university, then they find a job and get married and form a family.
And all of those critics of such ordinary lifestyle, only suggest minor changes for breaking the routine. For example, they may recommend you to change your diet or listen to a happy song in the morning. But does anyone recommend you to rethink your ideologies, and see if it is not working properly for you, then think about a new set of ideas?!
Some people in the world are brave enough to see if the present ideology is not working well for them, then they search and find a better one; people who embrace Islam as their new religion are amongst those.
Becoming a Muslim could be a long process in one’s life, and it will definitely have huge consequences for the convert person. Converts will have to let go of the past routine life and go through different experiences in all aspects of their lives such as friendship, job, family and the whole lifestyle.
In this short text, we will only point out one of the major changes that married converts may experience; what happens to their marriage if one of the spouses converts to Islam.
But before directly going to the main topic, let’s see what the rules of marriage in Islamic jurisprudence are?
Marriage after Converting to Islam
The main verse in the holy Quran that discusses the marriage of believers with non-believers says:
“Do not marry idolatresses until they embrace faith. A faithful slave girl is better than an idolatress, though she should impress you. And do not marry [your daughters] to idolaters until they embrace faith. A faithful slave is better than an idolater, though he should impress you. Those invite [others] to the Fire, but Allah invites to paradise and pardon, by His will, and He clarifies His signs for the people so that they may take admonition” (2:221)
Therefore in Islam, as described in the other Abrahamic religions, it is prohibited to marry a man or a woman who does not believe in God. In another verse Allah says:
“Today all the good things have been made lawful to you—the food of those who were given the Book is lawful to you, and your food is lawful to them—and the chaste ones from among faithful women, and chaste women of those who were given the Book before you, when you have given them their dowries, in wedlock, not in license, nor taking paramours…” (5:5)
Therefore, from the above verses, besides other verses and narrations, Muslim jurists have concluded the following rules for interfaith marriages:
Rules of Marriage for Muslim Men
A Muslim man is not allowed to marry, neither permanently nor temporarily, a non-Muslim woman who is not among the followers of the books (Ahlul Kitab); Christians and Jews.
A Muslim man is allowed to marry a Christian or Jewish woman. However, based on precaution, it is obligatory to refrain from marrying a non-Muslim woman in permanent marriage. The reason behind it is that Muslims do not deny the preceding Abrahamic religions, but they know Islam as the most complete and the last divine religion.
Rules of Marriage for Muslim women
A Muslim woman is not allowed to marry a non-Muslim man at all, neither permanently nor temporarily [1].
As you see the rules of marriage for Muslim women is much stricter than those for men. The reason behind it goes back to the verse that says “Men are the managers (protectors) of women, because of the advantage Allah has granted some of them over others, and by virtue of their spending out of their wealth…” (4:34)
The Islamic belief is that in married life, men have authority over women, and Islam will not allow a non-Muslim man to have authority over a Muslim woman.
In Islam, the responsibility of providing for the family is on man’s shoulder, and women have no responsibility in this case. Men are also responsible for protecting the religion of their family: “O you who have faith! Save yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel will be people and stones…” (66:6)
Now that we are familiar with the basic rules of marriage in Islam let’s see what happens to a person who has already been married and then decides to embrace Islam. Is his/her marriage to his/her non-Muslim spouse still valid?
When a Man Converts to Islam, What Happens to His marriage?
When a married man converts to Islam:
If his wife is from the followers of the book (Ahlul Kitab), Christian or Jewish, the marriage remains valid, and they do not need to remarry according to Islamic law [2]. This is because of the respect that Islam has for the preceding religions, although it is the final religion sent by God.
If the wife is an atheist, the marriage will be void automatically. However, according to the ruling (fatwa) of Sayed Ali Khamenei, even the atheist woman needs to keep the waiting period (iddah)[i]. If during that period (3 months) she decides to convert to Islam the marriage will continue [3].
But what happens if the man doubts that his wife has accepted Islam as her religion truly? The Muslim jurists say that if the non-Muslim woman only recites the two testimonies (Shahadatain) for the sake of marriage, the Islamic treatment would be applied to her as long as she does not say or do anything that would contradict her declaration of the faith [4].
When a Woman Converts to Islam, What Happens to Her Marriage?
“O you who have faith! When faithful women come to you as immigrants, test them. Allah knows best [the state of] their faith. Then, if you ascertain them to be [genuinely] faithful women, do not send them back to the faithless. They are not lawful for them, nor are they lawful for them, but give them what [dowry] they have spent [for them]…” (60:10)
When a married woman converts to Islam:
No matter if the husband is an atheist or a Christian or Jewish, the marriage will automatically be void UNLESS the husband accepts to convert to Islam too. If at the time that the woman is keeping her waiting period (iddah) her husband embraces Islam, their marriage is considered standing, and there is no need to renew the marriage [5].
If Both of the Married Couple Convert to Islam
In a marital relationship, when both spouses decide to embrace Islam, no matter if they are both followers of the book (Ahlul Kitab) or both are not followers of the book (non-Ahlul Kitab) or one is the follower of the book (Ahlul Kitab) and the other one is not, if the marriage that took place among them is valid according to their custom, such marriage is considered valid and there would be no need to recite the marriage formula anew [6].
It is understandable that both man and woman will experience such hard circumstances for their new beliefs. Maybe that is why Allah in a chapter called “Divorce” indicates:
“… Whoever is wary of Allah, He shall make for him a way out [of the adversities of the world and the Hereafter], and provide for him from whence he does not count upon. And whoever puts his trust in Allah, He will suffice him. Indeed Allah carries through His commands. Certainly, Allah has ordained a measure [and extent] for everything.”(65: 2, 3)
[i] The period a woman must observe after the death of her spouse or after a divorce, during which she may not marry another man.
[1] Imam Khomeini, Tahrir al-Wasilah, vol. 4, pg. 103, the book of marriage
[3] Sayed Ali Khamenei, Istifta
Is It Acceptable to Convert to Islam for Marriage?
salamislam
Marriage in Islam, family in Islam, salamislam, convert to Islam
One of the motivations of those who convert to Islam may be marrying someone who is a Muslim. In Islam, marriage is a sacred and dear institution to Allah, and it plays a very crucial role in the formation of an ideal society. It is in fact, considered one of the greatest Divine blessings for responding to the natural instincts of human beings. However, according to the Islamic teachings, faith is the first quality to be considered in choosing a spouse.
A faithful and harmonious partner plays a crucial role in having a prosperous life. It is on this basis that the Quran, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and his Ahl al-Bayt (AS) have laid great emphasis on religion and well mannerism as necessary criteria for marriage.
Meanwhile, an important question that comes to mind is that, “can we convert to Islam for the sake of marriage or not?”
The Highest Goal of Islamic Marriage
Marriage is a natural necessity for every human being and several good outcomes such as procreation, sexual satisfaction, peace of mind, etc. are considered as the purposes of marriage. However, these could not be the ultimate goal of marriage in Islam as the non-Muslims can also achieve these, perhaps in better ways.
Humankind is not created solely to eat, drink, sleep, seek pleasure or act lustfully. Thus, the aim of marriage for a religious person should be a means of gaining proximity to Allah and avoiding sins. In this regards, a good and faithful partner assumes a vital role as he/she invites his/her partner to goodness, in the same way as a corrupt person would tempt his/her partner towards corruption. Islam has enjoined its adherents to consider religion and good manners as necessary criteria for the selection of their future partners on different occasions.
The Prophet (PBUH) said: “If I were to bestow all the good of both worlds upon a Muslim, I would endow him with a humble heart; a tongue which continuously utters the praises of Allah; a body patient enough to withstand all calamities; and I would give him a pious spouse, who when he sees her becomes happy and protects his property as well as her own honour in his absence”.[1]
Convert to Islam for Marriage
In the Quran, it is said:
“Do not marry idolatresses until they embrace faith. A faithful slave girl is better than an idolatress, though she should impress you. And do not marry [your daughters] to idolaters until they embrace faith…” (2: 221)
From the above verse, it is clear that faith and religion is an uncompromised condition for marriage in Islam. It has explicitly prohibited marriage with the infidels except that they embrace Islam, as the statement “until they embrace faith” indicates. Thus, neither is the man allowed to marry idolatress nor a Muslim woman is allowed to marry an idolater. However, there is a separate ruling [i] to the marriage with the people of the Book (i.e., Jews and Christians).
Meanwhile, following the Islamic jurisprudence, it is considered permissible for someone to convert to Islam for marriage, as there is not any religion hindrance on that, as far as it is based on the sincerity of intention and a strong determination to act by the Islamic teachings. Although such a conversion might not be the best idea, it might be a perfect chance to think more about converting to the real and true religion.
In Islam, faith and religion are crucial requirements to be considered in the choice of a future spouse. This is because the ultimate goal of a marriage is the everlasting salvation in this world and the Hereafter. And this cannot be achieved by marrying an idolatress or idolater. However, based on the verdicts of the Islamic jurists, it is acceptable to convert to Islam for the sake of marriage, so far as it is based on the sincerity of intention and a resolution to work in line with the teachings of the religion.
[i] Books on the Islamic jurisprudence or the official sites of the religious authorities should be consulted for details of the ruling.
[1] Hur Amuli; Wasa’il as-Shiah, Vol. 14, P. 3.
Is It Permitted to Marry a Transgender in Islam?
Marriage in Islam, family in Islam, Transgender in Islam, salamislam
Transgender marriage is one of the new issues of our era. It does not mean that at the time of Prophet (PBUH) no one was hermaphrodite. But the science of changing the sex into male or female, or curing this disorder to some extent had not been known yet. Therefore there is no verse or narration regarding this issue.
But how do we find out if transgender marriage is allowed (Halal) or forbidden (Haram) according to Islamic jurisprudence?
Transsexuals and Hermaphrodites
People who are known to be transsexual (a person who emotionally and psychologically feels that they belong to the opposite sex) or hermaphrodite (a person having both male and female sex organs or other sexual characteristics) are different from those who decide to be homosexual (lesbian or gay). Nevertheless, some of those who have homosexual tendencies may suffer from hermaphrodite disorders as well.
But the improvement of science these days has made it possible for transsexuals and hermaphrodites to go through a sex reassignment surgery (SRS) in which they can change their gender into the one they feel they belong to(obviously according to the physician’s opinion).
Since not having the operation and changing the sex may cause the person to commit a sin, or personal and social damages, it would be best if they can go through a sex reassignment surgery (SRS) and reduce these harms.
The Pessimistic Look at Transsexuals and Hermaphrodites
While transsexuality and hermaphrodites are obvious to be human disorders, most sufferers experience hostile encounters in the society. It is important for the society, especially for Muslim communities, to become familiar with their issues and support them in a way that they can have a normal life alongside others.
One of the most offending manners towards them is to accuse them of having immoral sexual behaviors. It should be very well understood by the society that accusing them of adultery is a forbidden (Haram) act according to Islam. We should keep in mind that they are human beings with all the rights and needs of a human.
The only difference is that they suffer from a disease, which makes them even more vulnerable. Hence they need special support from the society; such as disability support services provided by the government.
Is Marrying a Transgender in Islam Forbidden (Haram)?
Since marriage, according to Islam and all the other Abrahamic religions is based on sexual differences, it is clearly false for a Muslim to marry a person with unknown gender. If a Man marries a transsexual with unknown gender, he cannot be sure if he has married a male or a female, therefore, that should become clear before marriage.
But if the sufferer has gone through the sex reassignment surgery (SRS) and the gender is now obvious, then there is no problem for a Muslim man or a Muslim woman to marry such a person under the Islamic rules of marriage.
However, they should both be aware that people who change their gender, will not be able to have children at all. (We hope that human knowledge can solve this issue in the near future). So, people who have had a sex reassignment surgery (SRS) should inform their “spouse to be” of their surgery and the consequences of the operation.
To conclude, we understand that marriage between or to a transgender -after the operation- is allowed (Halal) according to Islam and the couples may be able to shape a great family in which they feel comfort and relief. And if they wish to have children, they could always adopt a child which is strongly recommended in Islam.
The Status of Mothers in Islam
family in Islam, Islamic family, mothers in Islam, salamislam
Mothers in Islam are held in very high esteem. How a Muslim should treat their parents, especially the mother, is underlined in the Quran and Hadiths [i]. Several verses in the Quran emphasize the difficulties that a mother goes through and the respect that should be accorded to her.
“We have enjoined man to be kind to his parents. His mother has carried him in travail and bore him in travail, and his gestation and weaning take thirty months. When he comes of age and reaches forty years, he says," My Lord! Inspire me to give thanks for Your blessing with which You have blessed me and my parents, and that I may do righteous deeds which may please You, and invest my descendants with righteousness. Indeed I have turned to you in penitence, and I am one of the Muslims” (46:15).
This verse mentions both parents in general but goes into detail in regards to the mothers in Islam because she faces challenges that a father does not. The command to treat parents with kindness means to shower love, affection, and piety on them, both in words and deeds.
One should treat them with respect under all circumstances, obey them unless it is something that God has forbidden, care for them in old age as they cared for you as a child, give priority to their orders over voluntary acts of worship.
And approach them with tender humility and mercy; not to raise your voice above theirs, nor to fix your glance on them, nor to call them by their names; to be patient with them, and never harm them verbally or physically.
But why should we be kind to our parents, especially our mothers? The Quran repeats the struggles a mother withstands in another passage to highlight the need for one to reciprocate their parents’ sacrifice for them:
“We have enjoined man concerning his parents: His mother carried him through weakness upon weakness, and his weaning takes two years. Give thanks to Me and your parents. To Me is the return. But if they urge you to ascribe to Me as a partner that of which you have no knowledge, then do not obey them. Keep their company honorably in this world and follow the way of him who turns to Me penitently. Then to Me will be your return, whereat I will inform you concerning what you used to do” (31:14, 15).
There are also verses in the Quran that the mention of servitude to God is immediately followed by the command of being kind to parents. This is also repeated throughout the Quran:
“Worship Allah and do not ascribe any partners to Him, and be good to parents…” (4:36).
“Your Lord has decreed that you shall not worship anyone except Him, and [He has enjoined] kindness to parents. Should they reach old age at your side one of them or both do not say to them," Fie!" And do not chide them, but speak to them noble words. Lower the wing of humility to them, out of mercy, and say," My Lord!” (17:23-24)
Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) Views about the worth of mothers in Islam
These verses indicate that after worshiping Allah alone, beautiful conduct to parents is the next most important duty for a Muslim. Mothers in Islam are due to this conduct even before fathers according to the command of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in the story below:
A man came to the Prophet and said, ‘O Messenger of God! Who among the people is the most worthy of my good companionship? The Prophet (PBUH) said: ‘Your mother.’ The man said, ‘Then who?’ The Prophet said: ‘Then your mother.’ The man further asked, ‘Then who?’ The Prophet repeated: ‘Then your mother.’ The man asked again, ‘Then who?’ The Prophet said: ‘Then your father’ [1].
The importance of the mother over the father is highlighted in this Hadith [i] by repeating “your mother” three times and then saying “your father” once in response to the man’s question.
All these Quranic verses and sayings (Hadiths) demonstrate the extraordinary worth of mothers in Islam. This religion considers the attainment of the last phase of perfection, namely paradise, dependent on the mother’s satisfaction, as Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “Heaven lies beneath the feet of mothers [2]”.
[i]. sayings of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Imams
[1] Bihar al-Anwar, v.74, p 49
[2] Mizan al-Hikmah, v.10, pp.712-713
[3] http://www.hawzah.net
[4] http://www.al-islam.org
Marriage in Islam
What Are Parents Rights in Quran?
Don't Break the Children's Hearts: A Motion Graphic
8 Ways to Deal with Your Non-Muslim Family after Conversion to...
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Devices Oncology
News Release - August 6, 2007
Cancer 'Warrior' Chooses Gamma Knife(R) Surgery
ATLANTA, Aug. 6 (HSMN NewsFeed) -- Kim Vining of Atlanta doesn't look like a fierce warrior, but then looks can be deceiving. She is quick to laugh, particularly at herself. Even when the talk turns to her seven-year battle against cancer, she finds humor in what others might say is a serious situation.
"To me, the glass is always half full," Vining says with a smile. "I can either fight the cancer or roll over and pretend it's not there, and I refuse to roll over. I just couldn't do that to my family, my friends, or to myself."
Her battle began in October 2000, when Vining was diagnosed with a rare, very aggressive form of breast cancer called inflammatory breast cancer. "At the time, I was 37 years old, working out and lifting weights, and had never been sick a day in my life," Vining recalls.
The Cancer Spreads
She went to Piedmont Hospital and was treated with chemotherapy, surgery and radiation. "I was clean for one and a half years," she recalls. "Then I started coughing in January 2002." A biopsy and X-ray showed that the cancer had metastasized (moved to a new location in her body) to a lymph node in her chest.
The cancer also had traveled to her brain, where physicians found six brain metastases (mets). Vining underwent whole brain radiation therapy, which required five weeks of daily treatment. A year later, a scan showed all of her brain mets were gone.
"But the cancer wasn't gone," she says. "It's that evil." Over the past few years, the cancer was again found in her lungs, then in her back and hip. In between bouts, Vining went in for breast reconstruction and doctors discovered a different type of cancer in her other breast.
Quick and Easy Gamma Knife Surgery
Early in 2007, the cancer again recurred in her brain. This time Vining and her physician chose Gamma Knife surgery to treat the problem. She was able to have treatment one day, and return to normal activity with her family the next.
"It was so easy," enthuses Vining. "I was in and out in 24 hours. And while they were imaging me for the treatment, they found another spot, so they treated that at the same time."
"For a patient like Kim Vining, the ability to stop tumor growth with a gentle, non-invasive treatment is important," said James C. Robinson, M.D., chairman of neuroscience and medical director for the Gamma Knife at Piedmont Hospital. "Piedmont was the first hospital in the Southeast to introduce Gamma Knife surgery in 1989, and we've performed more than 2,100 procedures since then. We have continuously updated our center and in October of 2005, installed a completely new Gamma Knife which is the most up-to-date unit in our region."
Despite its name, there is no "knife" used during Gamma Knife surgery. This state-of-the-art radiosurgery has hundreds of radiation beams that converge on the cancer tumor with a level of accuracy of better than one-half of a millimeter, about the thickness of a few strands of hair. This is crucial in eliminating unnecessary radiation, leaving nearby healthy tissue undamaged. Local control provided by radiosurgery for the management of metastatic tumors in any brain location exceeds an average of 85 percent. There are newer types of radiosurgery delivery systems, but none that rival the accuracy of Gamma Knife, and none that can demonstrate its proven track record.
With the newer models of Gamma Knife, neurosurgeons can more easily plan and treat multiple metastases. Piedmont Hospital currently has one of the newest models available. Increasingly, neurosurgeons and their patients find Gamma Knife to be:
-- Safe - Unwanted radiation to the body is up to 100 times less than that of competing technologies by focusing the radiation at a high dose right on the tumor itself. Also, Gamma Knife treatment does not typically delay any other necessary cancer treatment.
-- Low impact - Planning and treatment are completed in a matter of hours during a single session, and the patient can return to their normal routine the next day.
-- Proven - Gamma Knife is the only radiosurgical device specifically cleared by the FDA for treatment of brain mets.
-- Effective - Gamma Knife radiosurgery has a more potent biologic effect on the tumor, usually more effective in a single treatment of several hours' duration, rather than five to six weeks of external radiation.
About Piedmont Hospital
Piedmont Hospital is a 458-bed acute tertiary care facility offering all major medical, surgical and diagnostic services. Located on 26 acres in the north Atlanta community of Buckhead, Piedmont is a private, not-for-profit organization with 3,700 employees and a medical staff of more than 900 physicians. Piedmont is a recipient of the 2007 and 2006 Distinguished Hospital Award for Patient Safety(TM) according to HealthGrades (a leading healthcare ratings company), as well as one of the nation's Most Wired hospitals for four consecutive years according to the 100 Most Wired Survey and Benchmarking Study.
Elekta is an international medical technology group, providing more than 4,000 hospitals worldwide with clinical solutions and comprehensive information systems for improved cancer care and management of brain disorders.
Elekta's flagship products include Leksell Gamma Knife® for intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery, Elekta Synergy® for advanced IMRT and IGRT using X-ray Volume Imaging, and the image guided Elekta Axesse(TM) system for extracranial stereotactic radiosurgery for spine and body. All of Elekta's solutions employ non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques and are therefore clinically effective, gentle on the patient and cost-effective. Elekta is listed on the Nordic Exchange under the ticker EKTAb and the company head office is located in Stockholm, Sweden.
Search: radiosurgery
Search: radiotherapy
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“I am Queen Mary” statue in Copenhagen – discomfort prompting a ‘learning cycle’
Written by Ed Campbell
“I am Queen Mary” statue, Copenhagen | Image: CC-BY-SA Ed Campbell
Dawdling down the Langelinie Boulevard at the harbour of Copenhagen, still feeling guilty because of my disinterest in the famous Little Mermaid statue, my eye is drawn to a monstrous structure in front of the Danish West Indian warehouse. I approach what I am soon to learn is the “I am Queen Mary” statue – an enormous sculpture of a woman with a cane bill in the one hand and a torch in the other. To my left, a large group of tourists are relishing an older, copper replica of Michelangelo’s David. To my right are two tourists looking at Queen Mary with tilted heads, frowning. Soon they leave without as much as a cell phone photo.
“I am Queen Mary” could signify a lot to many people, one potential meaning being prominent: she is not another marble, copper, gold or plaster sculpture – Queen Mary wants to be seen. Her skin is the deep charcoal colour of the Nordic seas, her gaze is alive and scrutinising. She sits while you stand. However, with the statue being in conversation with a replica of David within this space, oddly separated from each other by the architecture, it feels like there is a lot to be communicated, but the seemingly cryptic nature of the space, without many linguistic clues to guide the viewer, makes this hard to do.
Being the eternally optimistic educationist, I got the feeling that the statue’s positioning within this space wants to disrupt the normal practice of taking a souvenir-like picture for our benign repertoire of famous statues, and then moving on. She wants you to be uncomfortable, she wants you to reflect, to stand still, to learn something.
The discomfort experienced by many confused passersby could potentially offset a ‘learning cycle’: this discomfort is a difficulty in meaning-making, possibly prompting learning, which enables a multimodal analysis, leading to meaning-making, leading to further learning, as I will show below. Indeed, the fact that things are not explained through language within this space has the potential to initiate deep learning. And just a superficial glance at the discourse surrounding this statue illuminates why she wants us to learn more:
The statue was conceived and sculpted by La Vaughn Belle and Jeannette Ehlers, two black female artists, to raise awareness of Denmark’s colonial impact, specifically in the Caribbean. The statue was unveiled on 31 March 2018 and is the first statue of a black woman – and female leader – in Denmark. It is a statue of Mary Thomas, often called ‘Queen Mary’, a leader during the Fireburn labour riot in 1878 on the island of St. Croix in the Danish West Indies. She was arrested and tried for arson and looting during the uprising. She obtained mythical status for her fight against unfair treatment of black workers after slavery was abolished.
With just this snippet of historical background, it becomes easier to engage in a multimodal analysis of the statue in relation to the space, which could open up pathways for further learning, sometimes even about subjects traditionally beyond history and visual arts:
Queen Mary’s gaze is directed at the docks, where ships carrying slaves from the Danish West Indies often dropped anchor
She is constructed from coated polystyrene, enabling her arms to move slightly in the wind – in stark contrast with the rigid copper used in the making of the David replica. This makes her seem more alive and ‘fluid’ (like the seas). She can change shape for she represents herself and numerous other women
Juxtaposed to David, the plaque at Queen Mary’s feet gives her a voice – she is not merely called “Queen Mary”, but “I am Queen Mary”. She is the first statue that can speak, because she has to tell you her story
Through oxidation, David’s copper material has been rendered green over the years, signifying ‘the past’, whereas Queen Mary has been covered in sealants and paint, providing a water-like texture, while creating an impenetrable surface that cannot easily discolour (see https://bit.ly/2wG1cyY for more detail). She will remain fresh and new as the struggle for black female empowerment continues generation after generation
The soft drone from a nearby steel pannist is strongly connected to Queen Mary’s narrative, with the steelpan’s association with Trinidad and Tobago of the West Indies in the Caribbean and it being played in a non-Western scale (the Pythagorean scale). She exceeds the visual mode, powerfully attracting the surrounding music to her story
There exists an indexicality to other Queen Marys in history – uncannily often women in power who had to endure great prejudices while standing up for what they believed in. She is however simultaneously contrasted to the statues of Queen Mary II of England and Mary, Queen of Scots – two older, traditional statues in Europe – through the difference in the materials used, texture, colour and the fact that she is sitting down (a signification of authority often employed in Mayan sculpture), to name just a few instances. Solidarity is balanced with her individual agency.
Lastly, Queen Mary’s ‘hybrid’ appearance was realised through merging two kinds of practices often seen as disparate: traditional sculpture and practices involving new digital technologies – images of the two artists were fused together using cutting edge software, enabling a 3D print out of a model used during production. Queen Mary is the past, present and future at once.
All of the modes interacting together within the space, along with the learning the initial discomfort of the statue prompts work together to communicate a rich tapestry of meanings that catapults “I am Queen Mary” ahead of thousands of commemorative statues found all over the world. She will protest against being forgotten for eternity.
How do you make meaning of the “I am Queen Mary Statue” (have a look at the official website for more information)? Are there any other artworks/phenomena she reminds you of? Feel free to leave a comment.
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Platform: XB1 | PS4
Instrument: Guitar | Bass | Drums | Vocals | Pro Drums
Song Selection: All Songs ------------------------------ Warmup ------------------------------ "What's Up?" by 4 Non Blondes "Little White Church" by Little Big Town "Suspicious Minds" by Elvis Presley "Cedarwood Road" by U2 "Little Miss Can't Be Wrong" by Spin Doctors "Centuries" by Fall Out Boy "Fever" by The Black Keys "Free Falling" by The Warning "Hail To The King" by Avenged Sevenfold ------------------------------ Apprentice ------------------------------ "Caught Up In You" by .38 Special "Brown Eyed Girl" by Van Morrison "Short Skirt/Long Jacket" by Cake "No One Like You" by Scorpions "Your Love" by The Outfield "You Make Loving Fun" by Fleetwood Mac "Friday I'm In Love" by The Cure "I Bet My Life" by Imagine Dragons "The One I Love" by R.E.M. ------------------------------ Solid ------------------------------ "Arabella" by Arctic Monkeys "Uptown Funk" by Mark Ronson ft. Bruno Mars "Turn It Around" by Lucius "I Will Follow" by U2 "The Warrior" by Scandal "Mainstream Kid" by Brandi Carlile "Panama" by Van Halen "Cold Clear Light" by Johnny Blazes And The Pretty Boys "Spiders" by System Of A Down ------------------------------ Moderate ------------------------------ "V-Bomb" by Dark Wheels "Superunknown" by Soundgarden "Start A Band" by Brad Paisley ft. Keith Urban "Milwaukee" by The Both "Light Up The Night" by The Protomen "The Seeker" by The Who "I Miss The Misery" by Halestorm "A Passage To Bangkok" by Rush "Still Into You" by Paramore ------------------------------ Challenging ------------------------------ "That Smell" by Lynyrd Skynyrd "The Wolf" by Mumford & Sons "Kick It Out" by Heart "Follow You Down" by Gin Blossoms "All Over You" by Live "Light The Fuse" by Slydigs "Lazaretto" by Jack White "Halls Of Valhalla" by Judas Priest "The Feast And The Famine" by Foo Fighters ------------------------------ Nightmare ------------------------------ "Pistol Whipped" by Tijuana Sweetheart "Violent Shiver" by Benjamin Booker "Tongue Tied" by Grouplove "The Impression That I Get" by The Mighty Mighty Bosstones "Albert" by Eddie Japan "Prayer" by Disturbed "Ain't Messin ‘Round" by Gary Clark Jr. "My God Is The Sun" by Queens Of The Stone Age "Rock And Roll, Hoochie Koo" by Rick Derringer "Toys In The Attic" by Aerosmith ------------------------------ Impossible ------------------------------ "Birth In Reverse" by St. Vincent "I Am Electric" by Heaven's Basement "Knock 'Em Down" by Duck & Cover "Miracle Man" by Ozzy Osbourne "Somebody Told Me" by The Killers "At Night In Dreams" by White Denim "Recession" by Jeff Allen ft. Noelle LeBlanc and Naoko Takamoto "Dream Genie" by Lightning Bolt "Dead Black (Heart Of Ice)" by Soul Remnants "Metropolis - Part 1: The Miracle And The Sleeper" by Dream Theater ------------------------------ Rock Band 3 Imported ------------------------------ "20th Century Boy" by T. Rex "25 or 6 to 4" by Chicago "Antibodies" by Poni Hoax "Been Caught Stealing" by Jane's Addiction "Before I Forget" by Slipknot "Bohemian Rhapsody" by Queen "Centerfold" by J. Geils Band "China Grove" by The Doobie Brothers "Combat Baby" by Metric "Crazy Train" by Ozzy Osbourne "Crosstown Traffic" by The Jimi Hendrix Experience "Dead End Friends" by Them Crooked Vultures "Don't Bury Me... I'm Still Not Dead" by Riverboat Gamblers "Du Hast" by Rammstein "False Alarm" by The Bronx "Foolin'" by Def Leppard "Free Bird" by Lynyrd Skynyrd "Get Free" by The Vines "Get Up, Stand Up" by Bob Marley & the Wailers "Good Vibrations (Live)" by The Beach Boys "Here I Go Again" by Whitesnake "Hey Man, Nice Shot" by Filter "Humanoid" by Tokio Hotel "I Can See For Miles" by The Who "I Got You (I Feel Good)" by James Brown "I Love Rock N' Roll" by Joan Jett and the Blackhearts "I Wanna Be Sedated" by Ramones "Imagine" by John Lennon "Just Like Heaven" by The Cure "Killing Loneliness" by HIM "King George" by Dover "Lasso" by Phoenix "Last Dance" by Raveonettes "Llama" by Phish "Low Rider" by War "Me Enamora" by Juanes "Midlife Crisis" by Faith No More "Misery Business" by Paramore "Need You Tonight" by INXS "Oh My God" by Ida Maria "One Armed Scissor" by At the Drive-In "Oye Mi Amor" by Mana "Plush" by Stone Temple Pilots "Radar Love" by Golden Earring "Rainbow in the Dark" by Dio "Rehab" by Amy Winehouse "Rock Lobster" by The B-52s "Roundabout" by Yes "Saturday Night's Alright (For Fighting)" by Elton John "Sister Christian" by Night Ranger "Something Bigger, Something Brighter" by Pretty Girls Make Graves "Space Oddity" by David Bowie "Stop Me If You Think You've Heard This One Before" by The Smiths "The Beautiful People" by Marilyn Manson "The Con" by Tegan and Sara "The Look" by Roxette "Beast And The Harlot" by Avenged Sevenfold "This Bastard's Life" by Swingin' Utters "Whip It" by Devo "Break On Through (To The Other Side)" by The Doors "Caught In A Mosh" by Anthrax "Cold As Ice" by Foreigner "Don't Stand So Close To Me" by The Police "Everybody Wants To Rule the World" by Tears For Fears "Fly Like An Eagle" by Steve Miller Band "Heart Of Glass" by Blondie "I Need To Know" by Tom Petty And The Heartbreakers "In A Big Country" by Big Country "In The Meantime" by Spacehog "Jerry Was A Racecar Driver" by Primus "Living In America" by The Sounds "No One Knows" by Queens Of The Stone Age "Outer Space" by The Muffs "Portions For Foxes" by Rilo Kiley "Smoke On The Water" by Deep Purple "The Hardest Button To Button" by The White Stripes "The Killing Moon" by Echo & The Bunnymen "The Power Of Love" by Huey Lewis and the News "Viva La Resistance" by Hypernova "Walk Of Life" by Dire Straits "Walking On The Sun" by Smash Mouth "Werewolves Of London" by Warren Zevon "Yoshimi Battles The Pink Robots, Pt. 1" by The Flaming Lips ------------------------------ Rock Band 2 Imported ------------------------------ "A Jagged Gorgeous Winter (RB3 DLC)" by The Main Drag "Ace of Spades '08" by Motörhead "Alabama Getaway" by The Grateful Dead "Alex Chilton" by The Replacements "Almost Easy" by Avenged Sevenfold "American Woman" by The Guess Who "Aqualung" by Jethro Tull "Bad Reputation" by Joan Jett "Bodhisattva" by Steely Dan "Carry On Wayward Son" by Kansas "Colony of Birchmen" by Mastodon "Conventional Lover" by Speck "De-Luxe" by Lush "Drain You" by Nirvana "E-Pro" by Beck "Everlong" by Foo Fighters "Float On" by Modest Mouse "Girl's Not Grey" by AFI "Give It All" by Rise Against "Go Your Own Way" by Fleetwood Mac "Hello There" by Cheap Trick "Hungry Like the Wolf" by Duran Duran "I Was Wrong" by Social Distortion "Lazy Eye" by Silversun Pickups "Get Clean" by Anarchy Club "Master Exploder" by Tenacious D "Mountain Song" by Jane's Addiction "My Own Worst Enemy" by Lit "One Step Closer" by Linkin Park "Our Truth" by Lacuna Coil "Panic Attack" by Dream Theater "PDA" by Interpol "Peace Sells" by Megadeth "Pinball Wizard" by The Who "Pretend We're Dead" by L7 "Psycho Killer" by Talking Heads "Pump It Up" by Elvis Costello "Ramblin' Man" by The Allman Brothers "Alive" by Pearl Jam "Rebel Girl" by Bikini Kill "Rock'n Me" by Steve Miller Band "Shackler's Revenge" by Guns N' Roses "Shooting Star" by Bad Company "Night Lies" by Bang Camaro "So What'cha Want" by Beastie Boys "Teen Age Riot" by Sonic Youth "That's What You Get" by Paramore "The Middle" by Jimmy Eat World "The Trees (Vault Edition)" by Rush "Today" by Smashing Pumpkins "Uncontrollable Urge" by Devo "Where'd You Go?" by The Mighty Mighty Bosstones "White Wedding (Part 1)" by Billy Idol "You Oughta Know" by Alanis Morissette "Chop Suey" by System Of A Down "Come Out And Play (Keep 'Em Separated)" by The Offspring "Cool For Cats" by Squeeze "Down With The Sickness" by Disturbed "Eye Of The Tiger" by Survivor "Feel The Pain" by Dinosaur Jr. "Kids In America" by The Muffs "Livin' On A Prayer" by Bon Jovi "Lump" by The Presidents Of The United States of America "Man In The Box" by Alice In Chains "New Kid In School" by The Donnas "Nine In The Afternoon" by Panic At The Disco "One Way Or Another" by Blondie "Painkiller" by Judas Priest "Rob The Prez-O-Dent" by That Handsome Devil "Round And Round" by Ratt "Shoulder To The Plow" by Breaking Wheel "Souls Of Black" by Testament "Spirit In The Sky" by Norman Greenbaum "Supreme Girl" by The Sterns "Tangled Up In Blue" by Bob Dylan "Testify" by Rage Against The Machine "Visions" by Abnormality "We Got The Beat" by Go-Go's "Welcome To The Neighborhood" by Libyans ------------------------------ Rock Band Imported ------------------------------ "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" by Blue Oyster Cult "29 Fingers" by The Konks "Are You Gonna Be My Girl" by Jet "Ballroom Blitz" by Sweet "Black Hole Sun" by Soundgarden "Blitzkrieg Bop" by Ramones "Blood Doll" by Anarchy Club "Brainpower" by Freezepop "Celebrity Skin" by Hole "Cherub Rock" by Smashing Pumpkins "Dani California" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Day Late, Dollar Short" by The Acro-brats "Dead on Arrival" by Fall Out Boy "Detroit Rock City" by KISS "Electric Version" by The New Pornographers "Epic" by Faith No More "Foreplay/Long Time" by Boston "Gimme Shelter" by The Rolling Stones "Here It Goes Again" by OK Go "Highway Star" by Deep Purple "I Get By" by Honest Bob and the Factory-to-Dealer Incentives "I Think I'm Paranoid" by Garbage "I'm So Sick" by Flyleaf "In Bloom" by Nirvana "Main Offender" by The Hives "Maps" by Yeah Yeah Yeahs "Mississippi Queen" by Mountain "Orange Crush" by R.E.M. "Pleasure (Pleasure)" by Bang Camaro "Reptilia" by The Strokes "Sabotage" by Beastie Boys "Say It Ain't So" by Weezer "Should I Stay or Should I Go" by The Clash "Suffragette City" by David Bowie "The Hand That Feeds" by Nine Inch Nails "Time We Had" by The Mother Hips "Tom Sawyer" by Rush "Train Kept A Rollin'" by Aerosmith "Vasoline" by Stone Temple Pilots "Welcome Home" by Coheed & Cambria "When You Were Young" by The Killers "Won't Get Fooled Again" by The Who "Can't Let Go" by Death Of The Cool "Creep" by Radiohead "Flirtin' With Disaster" by Molly Hatchet "Go With The Flow" by Queens Of The Stone Age "Green Grass And High Tides" by The Outlaws "Learn To Fly" by Foo Fighters "Next To You" by The Police "Nightmare" by Crooked X "Outside" by Tribe "Seven" by Tijuana Sweetheart "Timmy & The Lords Of The Underworld" by Timmy & The Lords Of The Underworld "Wanted Dead Or Alive" by Bon Jovi "Wave Of Mutilation" by Pixies ------------------------------ AC/DC Live Track Pack ------------------------------ "Back in Black (Live)" by AC/DC "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap (Live)" by AC/DC "Fire Your Guns (Live)" by AC/DC "Heatseeker (Live)" by AC/DC "Hells Bells (Live)" by AC/DC "High Voltage (Live)" by AC/DC "Let There Be Rock (Live)" by AC/DC "Moneytalks (Live)" by AC/DC "T.N.T. (Live)" by AC/DC "The Jack (Live)" by AC/DC "Thunderstruck (Live)" by AC/DC "Whole Lotta Rosie (Live)" by AC/DC "You Shook Me All Night Long (Live)" by AC/DC "For Those About To Rock (We Salute You) (Live)" by AC/DC "Hell Ain't A Bad Place to Be (Live)" by AC/DC "Highway To Hell (Live)" by AC/DC "Jailbreak (Live)" by AC/DC "Shoot To Thrill (Live)" by AC/DC ------------------------------ LEGO Rock Band Imported ------------------------------ "A-Punk" by Vampire Weekend "Accidentally In Love" by Counting Crows "Aliens Exist" by Blink-182 "We Are The Champions" by Queen "Breakout" by Foo Fighters "Check Yes Juliet" by We The Kings "Crash" by The Primitives "Crocodile Rock" by Elton John "Dig" by Incubus "Dreaming Of You" by The Coral "Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic" by The Police "Fire" by The Jimi Hendrix Experience "Free Fallin'" by Tom Petty "Ghostbusters" by Ray Parker Jr. "Girls & Boys" by Good Charlotte "Grace" by Supergrass "Ruby" by Kaiser Chiefs "I Want You Back" by The Jackson 5 "In Too Deep" by Sum 41 "Kung Fu Fighting" by Carl Douglas "Let's Dance" by David Bowie "Life Is A Highway" by Rascal Flatts "Make Me Smile (Come Up And See Me)" by Steve Harley "Monster" by The Automatic "Naïve" by The Kooks "Real Wild Child" by Everlife "Ride A White Swan" by T. Rex "Rooftops (A Liberation Broadcast)" by Lostprophets "We Will Rock You" by Queen "Short And Sweet" by Spinal Tap "Song 2" by Blur "Stumble And Fall" by Razorlight "Suddenly I See" by KT Turnstall "Summer Of '69" by Bryan Adams "Swing, Swing" by The All-American Rejects "So What" by Pink "The Final Countdown" by Europe "The Passenger" by Iggy Pop "Thunder" by Boys Like Girls "Tick Tick Boom" by The Hives "Valerie" by The Zutons "Walking On Sunshine" by Katrina & The Waves "Word Up!" by KoRn "You Give Love A Bad Name" by Bon Jovi "Two Princes" by Spin Doctors ------------------------------ Green Day: Rock Band Imported ------------------------------ "21st Century Breakdown" by Green Day "American Eulogy" by Green Day "American Idiot" by Green Day "Basket Case" by Green Day "Brain Stew/Jaded" by Green Day "Burnout" by Green Day "Chump" by Green Day "Coming Clean" by Green Day "Emenius Sleepus" by Green Day "Extraordinary Girl" by Green Day "F.O.D." by Green Day "Geek Stink Breath" by Green Day "Give Me Novacaine/She's a Rebel" by Green Day "Holiday" by Green Day "Homecoming" by Green Day "Last Night On Earth" by Green Day "Letterbomb" by Green Day "Longview" by Green Day "Minority" by Green Day "Murder City" by Green Day "Nice Guys Finish Last" by Green Day "Peacemaker" by Green Day "Pulling Teeth" by Green Day "Restless Heart Syndrome" by Green Day "Sassafras Roots" by Green Day "The Static Age" by Green Day "¿Viva la Gloria? (Little Girl)" by Green Day "Wake Me Up When September Ends" by Green Day "Warning" by Green Day "Whatsername" by Green Day "When I Come Around" by Green Day "Are We The Waiting/St. Jimmy" by Green Day "Before The Lobotomy" by Green Day "Boulevard Of Broken Dreams" by Green Day "Good Riddance (Time Of Your Life)" by Green Day "Having A Blast" by Green Day "Hitchin' A Ride" by Green Day "Horseshoes And Handgrenades" by Green Day "In The End" by Green Day "Jesus Of Suburbia" by Green Day "See The Light" by Green Day "She" by Green Day "Song Of The Century" by Green Day "Welcome To Paradise" by Green Day ------------------------------ Rock Band Blitz Soundtrack ------------------------------ "A Little Less Sixteen Candles, a Little More..." by Fall Out Boy "Always" by Blink-182 "Bang Your Head (Metal Health)" by Quiet Riot "Diamond Eyes (Boom-Lay Boom-Lay Boom)" by Shinedown "Give It Away" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "I'm Still Standing" by Elton John "Jessie's Girl" by Rick Springfield "Jungle Boogie" by Kool & the Gang "Moves Like Jagger" by Maroon 5 ft. Christina Aguilera "Once Bitten Twice Shy" by Great White "One Week" by Barenaked Ladies "Pumped Up Kicks" by Foster the People "Raise Your Glass" by P!nk "Shine" by Collective Soul "Spoonman" by Soundgarden "Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)" by Kelly Clarkson "The Wicker Man" by Iron Maiden "We Are Young" by Fun. ft. Janelle Monae "Cult Of Personality" by Living Colour "Death On Two Legs (Dedicated To...)" by Queen "Kids In The Street" by All-American Rejects "Shout" by Tears for Fears "Sing" by My Chemical Romance "So Far Away" by Avenged Sevenfold "These Days" by Foo Fighters ------------------------------ Downloaded Songs - Rock Band 4 ------------------------------ "(You're) Breakin' Up" by The Black Cheers "18 & Life" by Skid Row "24k Magic" by Bruno Mars "3AM" by Matchbox Twenty "99" by Barns Courtney "A Prophecy" by Asking Alexandria "A Sky Full Of Stars" by Coldplay "A-YO" by Lady Gaga "Absolutely (Story Of A Girl)" by Nine Days "Adventure Of A Lifetime" by Coldplay "Africa" by Toto "Ain't It Fun" by Paramore "Ain't Talkin' Bout Love" by Van Halen "Airbrushed" by Anamanaguchi "Alive" by The Temper Trap "All About That Bass" by Meghan Trainor "All For You" by Sister Hazel "All I Want" by A Day To Remember "All The Rage Back Home" by Interpol "All These Things That I've Done" by The Killers "All You Wanted" by Michelle Branch "Alone Time" by Tigerman WOAH "Always Something There To Remind Me" by Naked Eyes "American Dream" by Silverstein "And The Cradle Will Rock" by Van Halen "Angel" by Aerosmith "Angel Of Death" by Slayer "Applause" by Lady Gaga "Attention" by Charlie Puth "Australia" by The Shins "Awake" by Godsmack "Baby Come Back" by Player "Back To Me" by Of Mice & Men "Backwoods Company" by The Wild Feathers "Bad Case Of Loving You (Doctor, Doctor)" by Robert Palmer "Bad Catholics" by The Barbazons "Bad Company" by Bad Company "Battle Royale" by Pierce The Veil "BEER!" by Psychostick "Believer" by Imagine Dragons "Berzerker" by After The Burial "Best Song Ever" by One Direction "Bethany" by Goddamn Draculas "Bitch" by Meredith Brooks "Bizarre Love Triangle" by New Order "Black Betty" by Ram Jam "Black Corridor" by Worshipper "Black Seas" by Arctic Horror "Black Streak" by Nemes "Bleed" by Meshuggah "Blink" by Father Octopus "Blister In The Sun" by Violent Femmes "Blood Red Rock" by Bang Camaro "Bloodhands (Oh My Fever)" by In The Valley Below "Blown Away" by Carrie Underwood "Blurred Lines" by Robin Thicke ft. Pharrell "Bodies" by Drowning Pool "Body Like A Back Road" by Sam Hunt "Body Like That" by The Eiffels "Body Talks" by The Struts "Bored To Death" by Blink 182 "Born Again Tomorrow" by Bon Jovi "Boyfriend" by Justin Bieber "Brandy (You're A Fine Girl)" by Looking Glass "Breakfast At Tiffany's" by Deep Blue Something "Brick House" by The Commodores "Broken" by Seether ft. Amy Lee "Broken" by lovelytheband "Bullet With A Name" by Nonpoint "Burn It Down" by Five Finger Death Punch "Burnin' For You" by Blue Oyster Cult "Burnin' It Down" by Jason Aldean "Business Time" by Flight Of The Conchords "Cake By The Ocean" by DNCE "California (There Is No End To Love)" by U2 "Can't Feel My Face" by The Weeknd "Can't Hold Us" by Macklemore & Ryan Lewis ft. Ray Dalton "Caraphernelia" by Pierce The Veil "Casablanca" by Littlefoot "Celebration" by Kool & The Gang "Champagne Supernova" by Oasis "Chandelier" by Sia "Change" by The Revivalists "Cheap Thrills" by Sia ft. Sean Paul "Cheat On The Church" by Graveyard BBQ "Cheerleader (Felix Jaehn Remix)" by OMI "Cherry Pie" by Warrant "Chicken Fried" by Zac Brown Band "Circles" by Pierce The Veil "Cirice" by Ghost "Closer" by The Chainsmokers ft. Halsey "Closer, Closer" by The Warning Shots "Closing Time" by Semisonic "Cocoon" by Catfish And The Bottlemen "Code Monkey" by Jonathan Coulton "Collide" by Anarchy Club "Come On Eileen" by Dexys Midnight Runners "Complicated" by Avril Lavigne "Constant Disaster" by When Particles Collide "Counting Stars" by OneRepublic "Country Song" by Seether "Cowboys From Hell (Live)" by Pantera "Crazy" by Aerosmith "Crazy On You" by Heart "Cross That Line" by Michael Christmas "Cryin'" by Aerosmith "Cumbersome" by Seven Mary Three "Dance The Night Away" by Van Halen "Dancing With Myself" by Generation X "Danger Zone" by Kenny Loggins "Days Without" by All That Remains "Dead Memories" by Slipknot "Delinquents" by Woe, Is Me "Desire" by U2 "Different Colors" by Walk The Moon "Dirt Road Anthem" by Jason Aldean "Disengage" by Suicide Silence "Divide" by All That Remains "Do Not Disturb" by Halestorm "Do Your Worst" by Rival Sons "Dogs Can Grow Beards All Over" by The Devil Wears Prada "Don't Do Me Like That" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "Don't Let Me Down (Slowly)" by The Main Drag "Don't Wanna Fight" by Alabama Shakes "Don't You (Forget About Me)" by Simple Minds "Dope Nose" by Weezer "Doppelganger" by Freezepop "Down In A Hole" by Alice In Chains "Drag Me Down" by One Direction "Dreams" by Beck "Dreams" by The Cranberries "Drown" by Bring Me The Horizon "Drunken Lullabies (Live)" by Flogging Molly "Dude (Looks Like A Lady)" by Aerosmith "Dystopia" by Megadeth "Eat The Rich" by Aerosmith "Electric Love" by BORNS "Enjoy The Silence" by Depeche Mode "Escape (The Piña Colada Song)" by UB40 "Every Morning" by Sugar Ray "Everybody Talks" by Neon Trees "Everything You Want" by Vertical Horizon "Ex's & Oh's" by Elle King "Exploited & Exposed" by Symbion Project "Failure" by Breaking Benjamin "Fake It" by Seether "Famous Last Words" by My Chemical Romance "Farewell, Mona Lisa" by The Dillinger Escape Plan "Feel Invincible" by Skillet "Feel It Still" by Portugal The Man "Figure It Out" by Royal Blood "First" by Cold War Kids "Flag In The Ground" by Sonata Arctica "Flagpole Sitta" by Harvey Danger "Float" by Switchfoot "Follow Me Down" by The Pretty Reckless "Forever In Your Hands" by All That Remains "Forget About Tomorrow" by The Bergamot "Found Out About You" by Gin Blossoms "Freewill (Vault Edition)" by Rush "Gasoline" by Bouncing Souls "Get Lucky" by Daft Punk ft. Pharrell Williams "Gimme Chocolate!!" by BABYMETAL "Girls Just Want To Have Fun" by Cyndi Lauper "Girls Like You" by Maroon 5 "Give Yourself A Try" by The 1975 "Glass House" by Kaleo "God Damn" by Avenged Sevenfold "Going Under" by Evanescence "Gold On The Ceiling" by The Black Keys "Good" by STL GLD "Got Your Six" by Five Finger Death Punch "Graffiti" by Chvrches "Hair Trigger" by The Acro-Brats "Handclap" by Fitz And The Tantrums "Happy" by Pharrell Williams "Happy Song" by Bring Me The Horizon "Hard To See" by Five Finger Death Punch "Harmony Hall" by Vampire Weekend "Heartbeat Song" by Kelly Clarkson "Heat Of The Moment" by Asia "Heathens" by Twenty One Pilots "Heaven Is A Place On Earth" by Belinda Carlisle "Heaven Knows" by The Pretty Reckless "Heir Apparent" by Opeth "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" by Fuel "Hey Baby, Here's That Song You Wanted" by Blessthefall "Hey Jealousy" by Gin Blossoms "Hey There Mr. Brooks" by Asking Alexandria "Hey Ya!" by Outkast "Hier Kommt Alex" by Die Toten Hosen "High Hopes" by Panic At The Disco "High Road" by Mastodon "Higher" by Creed "History Repeats" by Creaturos "Hold My Hand" by Hootie & The Blowfish "Hold On" by Wilson Phillips "Hold On" by All That Remains "Hold The Line" by Toto "Homegrown" by Zac Brown Band "Honey, I'm Good" by Andy Grammer "Hook" by Blues Traveler "Hooked On A Feeling" by Blue Swede "Hot For Teacher" by Van Halen "Hotel Key" by Old Dominion "Hour Of Rats" by The Red Chord "House Party" by Sam Hunt "How We'd Look On Paper" by The Main Drag "HTML Rulez Dood" by The Devil Wears Prada "Hunger Strike" by Temple Of The Dog "Hurry Up (& Wait For You)" by Julie Rhodes "Hymn For The Weekend" by Coldplay "I Don't Want To Be" by DeGraw "I Don't Want To Miss A Thing" by Aerosmith "I Gotta Feeling" by The Black Eyed Peas "I Hate Myself For Loving You" by Joan Jett "I Hear The Dead" by Dolly Spartans "I Recognize" by Newfane "I Remember You" by Skid Row "I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me)" by Whitney Houston "I Wanna Rock" by Twisted Sister "I Want You" by Savage Garden "I Will Survive" by Cake "I Will Wait" by Mumford & Sons "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)" by The Proclaimers "I'm Made Of Wax, Larry, What Are You Made Of?" by A Day To Remember "I'm Yours" by Jason Mraz "Ice Ice Baby" by Vanilla Ice "If I'm James Dead, You're Audrey Hepburn" by Sleeping With Sirens "If It Means A Lot To You" by A Day To Remember "If You Could Only See" by Tonic "Immortalized" by Disturbed "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida" by Iron Butterfly "Iris" by Goo Goo Dolls "Irresistible" by Fall Out Boy "Is She Really Going Out With Him" by Joe Jackson "Is There A Ghost" by Band Of Horses "It's Complicated" by A Day To Remember "Jamie All Over" by Mayday Parade "Jane" by Jefferson Starship "Janie's Got A Gun" by Aerosmith "Johnny B. Goode" by Chuck Berry "Jumper" by Third Eye Blind "Kamikaze" by Walk The Moon "Karma Chameleon" by Culture Club "Karma Police" by Radiohead "Kick Some Ass '09" by Stroke 9 "Kids" by MGMT "Killing Is Just A Means" by Permaband "King For A Day" by Pierce The Veil "King Of The World" by Weezer "Knifeman" by The Bronx "La Bamba" by Los Lobos "Lady In A Blue Dress" by Senses Fail "Learning To Fly" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "Leave The Night On" by Sam Hunt "Lemon Meringue Tie" by Dance Gavin Dance "Let Her Cry" by Hootie & The Blowfish "Let's Just Dance" by Ships Have Sailed "Lifestyles Of The Rich & Famous" by Good Charlotte "Like A Stone" by Audioslave "Lips Of An Angel" by Hinder "Little Black Backpack '09" by Stroke 9 "Little Talks" by Of Monsters And Men "Live In The Moment" by Portugal. The Man "Livin' On The Edge" by Aerosmith "Locked Out Of Heaven" by Bruno Mars "Lodger" by Blanks. "Lonely Is The Night" by Billy Squier "Long Cool Woman (In A Black Dress)" by The Hollies "Longshot" by Catfish And The Bottlemen "Lose It" by Kane Brown "Love In An Elevator" by Aerosmith "Love Stinks" by The J. Geils Band "Love That Hurts" by PREACHERVAN "Love Yourself" by Justin Bieber "Lovesong" by The Cure "Lust For Life" by Iggy Pop "Lying From You" by Linkin Park "Magic Man" by Heart "MANTRA" by Bring Me The Horizon "Mean Girls" by Petty Morals "Mona Lisa" by Dead Sara "Mother Mother" by Tracy Bonham "Move Over" by Janis Joplin And The Full Tilt Boogie Band "Mr. Jones" by Counting Crows "Music Is Worth Living For" by Andrew W.K. "My Demons" by Starset "My Happy Ending" by Avril Lavigne "My Own Eyes" by Weird Al Yankovic "My Songs Know What You Did In The Dark (Light Em Up)" by Fall Out Boy "My Wave" by Soundgarden "Natural" by Imagine Dragons "Nemesis" by Arch Enemy "Never Enough" by One Direction "Never Let 'Em Hold Ya Back!" by Parlour Bells "Never Let You Go '09" by Third Eye Blind "Never Too Late" by Three Days Grace "Nevermore" by Symphony X "Night On Bald Mountain (Mussorgsky)" by Paul Henry Smith & The Fauxharmonic Orchestra "No Mercy" by Tijuana Sweetheart "No One's Gonna Love You" by Band Of Horses "No Place For Me" by Black Beach "Ode To My Family" by The Cranberries "On My Mind" by Ellie Goulding "One" by U2 "One Big Holiday" by My Morning Jacket "One More Night" by Maroon 5 "Only Wanna Be With You" by Hootie & The Blowfish "Open Water" by Assuming We Survive "Outside" by Staind "Over My Head" by Judah & The Lion "Pac-Man Fever" by Buckner & Garcia "Pain Killer" by Ruby Rose Fox "Paradise" by Coldplay "Paralyzer" by Finger Eleven "Party Rock Anthem" by LMFAO ft Lauren Bennet & Goonrock "People Are People" by Depeche Mode "Pictures Of Girls" by Wallows "Pictures Of Matchstick Men" by Status Quo "Play That Funky Music" by Wild Cherry "Pompeii" by Bastille "Postpone" by Catfish And The Bottlemen "Pray For Plagues" by Bring Me The Horizon "Pride (In The Name Of Love)" by U2 "Promise Everything" by Basement "Pull Me Under" by Dream Theater "Push" by Matchbox Twenty "Push Push (Lady Lightning)" by Bang Camaro "Radio" by No Small Children "Radioactive" by Imagine Dragons "Rag Doll" by Aerosmith "Rats In The Cellar" by Aerosmith "Rebel Heart" by The Shelters "Rebellion (Ft. Daron Malakian)" by Linkin Park "Red Red Wine" by UB40 "Redneck" by Lamb Of God "Relentless Chaos" by Miss May I "Remedy" by Seether "Reminiscing" by Little River Band "Renegades" by X Ambassadors "Rescue Me" by 30 Seconds To Mars "Ride" by Twenty One Pilots "Right Here, Right Now" by Jesus Jones "Riptide" by Vance Joy "Rise Above This" by Seether "River Of Tuoni" by Amberian Dawn "Road To Nowhere" by Ozzy Osbourne "Rock 'n' Roll Star" by Oasis "Rock This Town" by Brian Setzer "Roll To Me" by Del Amitri "Royals" by Lorde "Rude" by MAGIC! "RudeBoys" by Dutch ReBelle "Run" by Foo Fighters "Run For Cover" by Blitz Kids "Run-Around" by Blues Traveler "Runnin' With The Devil" by Van Halen "S.O.M.P." by SkratchN Snyf "S.O.S." by The Glorious Sons "Safe And Sound" by Capital Cities "Salvation" by The Strumbrellas "Save A Horse (Ride A Cowboy)" by Big And Rich "Save Tonight" by Eagle-Eye Cherry "Save Yourself" by tiLLie "Seasons Of Wither" by Aerosmith "Second & Sebring" by Of Mice & Men "Semi-Charmed Life '09" by Third Eye Blind "September" by Earth, Wind & Fire "Seventeen" by Winger "Shadow" by Bearstronaut "ShadowBang (Head)" by Bang On A Can All-Stars "Shame" by Jocelyn & Chris Arndt "Shame" by Elle King "Shape Of You" by Ed Sheerhan "She" by Legitimate Front "She Drives Me Crazy" by Fine Young Cannibals "She Looks So Perfect" by 5 Seconds Of Summer "Shout" by The Isley Brothers "Shy" by Hunny "Signs" by Giant Target "Simplify" by Young The Giant "Sing" by Ed Sheeran "Sink" by Animal Flag "Skydiver" by Ruby Rose Fox "Slide" by Goo Goo Dolls "Slow Ride" by Foghat "Sober Up" by AJR ft. Rivers Cuomo "Some Nights" by Fun. "Song #3" by Stone Sour "Sorry" by Justin Bieber "Sorry Not Sorry" by Demi Lovato "Soy Bomb" by Honest Bob And The Factory-To-Dealer Incentives "Speed Fighter" by Masaya Matsuura "Starboy" by The Weeknd ft. Daft Punk "Starlight" by Babymetal "Starships" by Nicki Minaj "Steal My Sunshine" by Len "Still Breathing" by Green Day "Still The One" by Orleans "Stitches" by Shawn Mendes "Shut Up And Dance" by Walk The Moon "Stolen Dance" by Milky Chance "Stop" by Jane's Addiction "Story Of My Life" by One Direction "Stranglehold" by Ted Nugent "Stressed Out" by Twenty One Pilots "Stupid Girl" by Garbage "Sucker" by Jonas Brothers "Sugar, You" by Oh Honey "Summertime Boy" by Seasick Steve "Sunday Bloody Sunday" by U2 "Super Beat Sports Big Baoz Battle" by Steve Pardo "Super Freak" by Rick James "Superposition" by Young The Giant "Survive" by The Warning "Sweater Weather" by Parks "Sweater Weather" by The Neighbourhood "Synthesized" by Symbion Project "Take Me To Church" by Hozier "Takin' Care Of Business" by Bachman-Turner Overdrive "Tastes Like Kevin Bacon" by iwrestledabearonce "Thank God For Girls" by Weezer "That Don't Impress Me Much" by Shania Twain "That's My Kind Of Night" by Luke Bryan "The Coma Machine" by Between The Buried And Me "The Devil In I" by Slipknot "The Difference Between Medicine And Poison Is In The Dose" by Circa Survive "The Edge Of Glory" by Lady Gaga "The Funeral" by Band Of Horses "The Greatest" by Sia ft. Kendrick Lamar "The Gun Show" by In This Moment "The Heart From Your Hate" by Breaking Benjamin "The Heist" by DnA's Evolution "The Hills" by The Weeknd "The Mephistopheles Of Los Angeles" by Marilyn Manson "The Miracle (Of Joey Ramone)" by U2 "The Most Beautiful Girl (In The Room)" by Flight Of The Conchords "The Reason" by Hoobastank "The Reflex" by Duran Duran "The Serpentine Offering" by Dimmu Borgir "The Sign" by Ace Of Base "The Sound Of Silence (Disturbed)" by Disturbed "The Stage" by Avenged Sevenfold "The Touch" by Stan Bush "The Triumph" by Jeff Williams ft. Casey Lee Williams "The Vengeful One" by Disturbed "The Waiting One" by All That Remains "The Way You Used To Do" by Queens Of The Stone Age "The Wind" by Zac Brown Band "Them Bones" by Alice In Chains "There's Nothing Holdin' Me Back" by Shawn Mendes "These Hands" by Bent Knee "Thinking Emoji" by Barely March "This Is How We Do It" by Montell Jordan "This Will Be The Day" by Jeff Williams ft. Casey Lee Williams "Those In Glass Houses" by Of Mice & Men "Three Lives" by Octavision "Throne" by Bring Me The Horizon "Thug Love" by Dance For The Dying "Thunder" by Imagine Dragons "Thunder & Lightning" by Motörhead "Time After Time" by Cyndi Lauper "Time To Say Goodbye" by Jeff Williams ft. Casey Lee Williams from RWBY "To My Romeo" by Spirit Kid "Torn" by Natalie Imbruglia "Torn In Two" by Breaking Benjamin "Tourniquet" by Breaking Benjamin "Trainwreck 1979" by Death From Above 1979 "Trash Candy" by Tijuana Sweetheart "Treasure" by Bruno Mars "Treat You Better" by Shawn Mendes "True Confessional" by Party Bois "True Confessions" by Blondfire "Trust" by Megadeth "Twilight Of The Thunder God" by Amon Amarth "Uma Thurman" by Fall Out Boy "Unchained" by Van Halen "Uncomfortable" by Halestorm "Unheavenly Creatures" by Coheed And Cambria "Unwell" by Matchbox Twenty "Unwritten" by Natasha Bedingfield "Uptown Girl" by Billy Joel "Use Somebody" by Kings Of Leon "Vertigo" by U2 "Vinyl" by Fly By Midnight "Wagon Wheel" by Darius Rucker "Wake Me Up" by Avicii "Wake Up" by Suicide Silence "Want To Want Me" by Jason Derulo "Warrior" by Disturbed "Waste A Moment" by Kings Of Leon "We Are Family" by Sister Sledge "We Are Not Anonymous" by Unearth "We're Not Gonna Take It" by Twisted Sister "What About Love?" by Heart "What Do You Mean?" by Justin Bieber "What I Like About You" by The Romantics "What If I Was Nothing" by All That Remains "What Makes You Beautiful" by One Direction "What The Hell" by Avril Lavigne "What You Need" by INXS "What's Your Favorite Dinosaur" by The Main Drag "When Am I Gonna Lose You" by Local Natives "When I Get Home You're So Dead" by Mayday Parade "When Legends Rise" by Godsmack "When The Curtain Falls" by Greta Van Fleet "When The Seasons Change" by Five Finger Death Punch "Where Is My Mind?" by Pixies "Where The Streets Have No Name" by U2 "Who's Your Lover" by Nightmare Air "Wicked Garden" by Stone Temple Pilots "Would You Still Be There" by Of Mice & Men "Wrecking Machine" by Permaband "Wrong Side Of Heaven" by Five Finger Death Punch "You & Me" by Hunna "You Make My Dreams" by Hall & Oates "You Only Live Once" by Suicide Silence "Young Blood" by Saint Raymond "Youngblood" by 5 Seconds Of Summer "Zombie" by The Cranberries ------------------------------ Downloaded Songs - Legacy ------------------------------ "¡Viva La Gloria!" by Green Day "(Funky) Sex Farm" by Spinal Tap "(I Just) Died In Your Arms" by Cutting Crew "(If You're Wondering If I Want You To) I Want You To" by Weezer "(Reprise) Sandblasted Skin" by Pantera "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay" by Otis Redding "(Take These) Chains" by Judas Priest "(Listen To The) Flower People (Reggae Stylee)" by Spinal Tap "(We Are) The Road Crew '08" by Motörhead "(You Can Still) Rock in America" by Night Ranger "...And Justice for All" by Metallica "10's" by Pantera "100,000 Years (Live)" by KISS "13 Steps to Nowhere" by Pantera "1901" by Phoenix "1969" by The Stooges "1983" by Neon Trees "2 Minutes to Midnight" by Iron Maiden "21 Guns" by Green Day "2112" by Rush "2112: Discovery, Presentation" by Rush "2112: Oracle: The Dream, Soliloquy, Grand Finale" by Rush "2112: Overture, The Temples Of Syrinx" by Rush "21st Century Digital Boy" by Bad Religion "3 Dimes Down" by Drive By Truckers "3's & 7's" by Queens of the Stone Age "3rd Stone From the Sun" by Jimi Hendrix "Airplanes" by B.o.B. (ft. Hayley Williams) "5 Minutes Alone" by Pantera "666" by Anvil "Alive" by P.O.D. "7 Things" by Miley Cyrus "867-5309/Jenny" by Tommy Tutone "A Clean Shot" by The Myriad "A Day Like This" by SpongeBob SquarePants "A Dios le Pido" by Juanes "All Of This" by Shaimus "A Favor House Atlantic" by Coheed and Cambria "A Girl Like You" by The Smithereens "All The Things That Go to Make Heaven and Earth" by The New Pornographers "All The Small Things" by Blink-182 "A Little Respect" by Erasure "A Looking In View" by Alice In Chains "A Lot Like Me" by The Offspring "A Thing About You (Live)" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "Alone In My Head" by Hautewerk "A Tout Le Monde" by Megadeth "A Warrior's Call" by Volbeat "American Girl (Live)" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "A Whiter Shade of Pale" by Procol Harum "A Woman in Love (It's Not Me) (Live)" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "ABC" by Jackson 5 "About A Girl" by Nirvana "Footloose" by Kenny Loggins "According to You" by Orianthi "Aces High (Live)" by Iron Maiden "Action" by Sweet "Adam's Song" by Blink-182 "Adolescents" by Incubus "Aerials" by System Of A Down "Aesthetics Of Hate" by Machine Head "Afterlife" by Avenged Sevenfold "Again" by Flyleaf "Ain't No Telling" by Jimi Hendrix "Angel" by The Jimi Hendrix Experience "Another One Bites The Dust" by Queen "Alive (Live: Drop in the Park)" by Pearl Jam "Another Way To Die" by Disturbed "All Along The Watchtower" by The Jimi Hendrix Experience "Any Man Of Mine" by Shania Twain "All Apologies" by Nirvana "All Going Out Together" by Big Dipper "All I Wanna Do" by Sheryl Crow "Ashes To Fire" by The Ghost Hounds "All I Want" by Offspring "All Mixed Up" by The Cars "All My Life" by Foo Fighters "All Over Again" by Locksley "All Right Now" by Free "All Star" by Smash Mouth "Band On The Run" by Wings & Paul McCartney "Band On The Run (Live)" by Paul McCartney "All-American Girl" by Carrie Underwood "Bang A Gong" by T. Rex "Back From The Dead" by Spinal Tap "Alone" by Heart "Beer For My Horses" by Toby Keith "Beat It On Down The Line" by Grateful Dead "Alright" by Darius Rucker "Am I Crazy" by Little Fish "Best Of Me" by Morningwood "Amaranth" by Nightwish "Amazing Journey" by The Who "Best Of You" by Foo Fighters "Amber" by 311 "America" by Spinal Tap "American Music" by The Violent Femmes "American Pie" by Don McLean "Among the Living" by Anthrax "Amongst the Waves" by Pearl Jam "And She Was" by Talking Heads "Blaze Of Glory" by Bon Jovi "Andres" by L7 "Animal" by Neon Trees "Animal (Live)" by Def Leppard "Animal I Have Become" by Three Days Grace "Animals" by Nickelback "Ants Marching" by Dave Matthews Band "Apache Rose Peacock" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Blood On My Hands" by The Used "Are You Dead Yet?" by Children of Bodom "Born On The Bayou" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Are You Experienced?" by Jimi Hendrix "Are You Gonna Go My Way" by Lenny Kravitz "Born To Quit" by The Used "Asylum" by Disturbed "Attack" by 30 Seconds to Mars "Audience Of One" by Rise Against "Away" by Toadies "Awful Beautiful Life" by Darryl Worley "B.Y.O.B." by System Of A Down "Baba O'Riley" by The Who "Back In The Saddle" by Aerosmith "Back To The Shack" by Weezer "Backwoods" by Justin Moore "Bad Luck" by Social Distortion "Bad Medicine" by Bon Jovi "Bad Moon Rising" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Bad Omen" by Megadeth "Bad Romance" by Lady Gaga "Breaking The Girl" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Bad to the Bone" by George Thorogood "Breaking The Law (Live)" by Judas Priest "Bring Me To Life" by Evanescence "Bandages" by Hot Hot Heat "Bang Bang" by Little Fish "Build A Bridge" by Limp Bizkit "Bark At The Moon" by Ozzy Osbourne "Bulls On Parade" by Rage Against The Machine "Burn You Down" by Opiate For The Masses "Barracuda" by Heart "Bat Country" by Avenged Sevenfold "Burn" by Nine Inch Nails "Burn" by Rob Zombie "Bathwater" by No Doubt "Bury Me Alive" by We Are The Fallen "Beautiful" by Snoop Dogg "Beautiful Disaster" by 311 "Beautiful Thieves" by AFI "Beethoven's C***" by Serj Tankian "Beetlebum" by Blur "Before He Cheats" by Carrie Underwood "Behind Blue Eyes" by The Who "Bend Down Low" by Bob Marley And The Wailers "Bent" by Matchbox Twenty "Better" by Guns N' Roses "Beverly Hills" by Weezer "Can't Let Go" by Lucinda Williams "Bicycle Race" by Queen "Big Bang Baby" by Stone Temple Pilots "Castles Made Of Sand" by Jimi Hendrix "Catcher In The Rye" by Guns N' Roses "Big Bottom" by Spinal Tap "Big Empty" by Stone Temple Pilots "Big Shot" by Billy Joel "Billion Dollar Babies" by Alice Cooper "Billionaire" by Travie McCoy (Ft. Bruno Mars) "Black" by Pearl Jam "Charlene (I'm Right Behind You)" by Stephen And The Colberts "Black Friday" by Steely Dan "Black Magic" by Slayer "Black Magic Woman" by Santana "Black Sunshine" by White Zombie "Cheeseburger In Paradise" by Jimmy Buffett "Blackened" by Metallica "Bleed American" by Jimmy Eat World "Child In Time" by Deep Purple "Children Of The Revolution" by T. Rex "Blew" by Nirvana "Blinded By Fear" by At the Gates "Christmas Is the Time To Say I Love You" by Billy Squier "Blood And Thunder" by Mastodon "Blood Sugar Sex Magik" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Bloodstone" by Judas Priest "Cities In Dust" by Siouxsie And The Banshees "Blow Up The Outside World" by Soundgarden "Blue Bayou" by Roy Orbison "Blue Christmas" by The Pretenders "Blue Collar Man (Long Nights)" by Styx "Closer" by Lacuna Coil "Closer" by Nine Inch Nails "Blue Jean" by David Bowie "Blue Jeans" by Silvertide "Closer To The Edge" by 30 Seconds To Mars "Closer To The Heart" by Rush "Blue Monday" by New Order "Blue Morning, Blue Day" by Foreigner "Blue Sky" by Allman Bros "Blue Spark" by X "Blurry" by Puddle Of Mudd "Body I Occupy" by Naked Brothers Band "Cold Rain And Snow" by Grateful Dead "Bold As Love" by Jimi Hendrix "Bombtrack" by Rage Against The Name "Boom" by P.O.D. "Born This Way" by Lady Gaga "Bounce" by The Cab "Brand New Cadillac" by The Clash "Brass In Pocket" by The Pretenders "Come On Eileen" by Save Ferris "Break My Heart" by Nikko "Breakdown (Live)" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "Breaking" by Anberlin "Breaking The Habit" by Linkin Park "Control" by Mute Math "Control" by Puddle Of Mudd "Breath" by Breaking Benjamin "Countdown To Insanity" by H-BlockX "Breed" by Nirvana "Brick By Boring Brick" by Paramore "Bringin' On The Heartbreak" by Def Leppard "Brother" by Pearl Jam "Buddy Holly" by Weezer "Crawl" by Kings Of Leon "Buffalo Soldier" by Bob Marley "Bulletproof" by La Roux "Bullets & Guns" by Them Terribles "Bully" by Shinedown "Burden In My Hand" by Soundgarden "Creep" by Stone Temple Pilots "The Sounds Of Silence (Simon And Garfunkel)" by Simon & Garfunkel "Burn It Down" by Linkin Park "Burn It to the Ground" by Nickleback "Creepin' Up The Backstairs" by The Fratellis "Burnin' And Lootin'" by Bob Marley And The Wailers "Burning Down the House" by Talking Heads "By The Way" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Bye Bye Love" by The Cars "C'mon C'mon" by Pat Benatar "California Uber Alles" by Dead Kennedys "Californication" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Call Me" by Blondie "Days Go By" by Keith Urban "Call Me Maybe" by Carly Rae Jepsen "Call Me When You're Sober" by Evanescence "Days Go By" by The Offspring "Calling Dr. Love" by Kiss "Dead Leaves And The Dirty Ground" by The White Stripes "Can I Play With Madness" by Iron Maiden "Can't Be Tamed" by Miley Cyrus "Can't Get Enough" by Bad Company "Cups And Cakes" by Spinal Tap "Can't Get Enough Of You Baby" by Smash Mouth "Can't Stand Losing You" by The Police "Can't Stop Rockin'" by Styx / REO Speedwagon "Capital G" by Nine Inch Nails "Caprici Di Diablo" by Yngwie Malmsteen's Rising Force "Captain Jack" by Billy Joel "Caravan" by Rush "Don't Take Your Guns To Town" by Johnny Cash "Casey Jones" by Grateful Dead "Century City (Live)" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "Check My Brain" by Alice In Chains "Down" by 311 "Down" by Blink-182 "Cherry Bomb" by The Runaways "Cherry Waves" by Deftones "Down At The Whisky" by Mötley Crüe "Chest Fever (Live)" by The Band "Down On The Corner" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "China Cat Sunflower" by Grateful Dead "Chinese Democracy" by Guns N' Roses "Drag The Waters" by Pantera "Chiron" by All That Remains "Christian's Inferno" by Green Day "Clampdown" by The Clash "Claudette" by Roy Orbison "Clint Eastwood" by Gorillaz "Clocks" by Coldplay "Dreams" by Fleetwood Mac "Dune Buggy" by Presidents Of The United States of America "Drain The Blood" by Distillers "Clouds Over California" by DevilDriver "Club Foot" by Kasabian "Empire Of The Gun" by God Forbid "Employee Of The Month" by SpongeBob SquarePants "Coffin Nails" by Atreyu "End It On This" by No Doubt "Cold" by Crossfade "Come As You Are (Live from MTV Unplugged)" by Nirvana "Even The Losers (Live)" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "Ever Fallen In Love" by Buzzcocks "Comedown" by Bush "Coming In From The Cold" by Bob Marley And The Wailers "Complete Control" by The Clash "Conquer All" by Behemoth "Constant Motion" by Dream Theater "Cosmic Dancer" by T. Rex "Could You Be Loved" by Bob Marley "Cowboy Casanova" by Carrie Underwood "Fear Of The Dark (Live)" by Iron Maiden "Cowboy Song (Live)" by Thin Lizzy "Crackerman" by Stone Temple Pilots "Feed The Tree" by Belly "Crackity Jones" by Pixies "Crawling" by Linkin Park "Crawling Back To You" by Daughtry "Feels Like The First Time" by Foreigner "Fell In Love With A Girl" by The White Stripes "Crawling In The Dark" by Hoobastank "Crazy Babies" by Ozzy Osbourne "Fever" by Judas Priest "Crazy Little Thing Called Love" by Queen "Crazy Town" by Jason Aldean "Fire (Live)" by Jimi Hendrix "Crazy Tuesday" by Thenewno2 "Fire" by Ohio Players "Cream And Bastards Rise" by Harvey Danger "Fire On The Mountain" by Grateful Dead "Five Feet High And Rising" by Johnny Cash "Crippled Inside" by John Lennon "Critical Acclaim" by Avenged Sevenfold "Crosseyed & Painless" by Talking Heads "Crushcrushcrush" by Paramore "Cry Lonely" by Cross Canadian Ragweed "Cry Thunder" by Dragonforce "Cry, Cry, Cry" by Johnny Cash "Cumberland Blues" by Grateful Dead "Curl Of The Burl" by Mastodon "Cuz U R Next" by Ministry "D.O.A." by The Haunted "Dame Aire" by Skizoo "Dammit" by Blink-182 "Damnation Game" by Yngwie Malmsteen's Rising Force "Forever" by In This Moment "Dance Epidemic" by Electric Six "Forever" by Papa Roach "Dance, Dance" by Fall Out Boy "Darling Dear" by Little Fish "Database Corrupted" by Dealership "Date With The Night" by Yeah Yeah Yeahs "Dawn Patrol" by Megadeth "Free And Easy (Down the Road I Go)" by Dierks Bentley "Dead" by Pixies "Dearest (I'm So Sorry)" by Picture Me Broken "Death Or Glory" by The Clash "Debaser" by Pixies "Decent Days & Nights" by The Futureheads "Deep" by Pearl Jam "Desperate Times, Desperate Measures" by Underoath "Dead & Bloated" by Stone Temple Pilots "Deuce (Live)" by KISS "Devil's Child" by Judas Priest "Girlfriend Is Better" by Talking Heads "Devil's Island" by Megadeth "Girls On Film" by Duran Duran "Devour" by Shinedown "Diary Of A Madman" by Ozzy Osbourne "Give It To Me" by The Cocktail Slippers "Die, All Right!" by The Hives "Different People" by No Doubt "Diggin' Me Down" by Ozzy Osbourne "Dirty Little Secret" by All-American Rejects "Dirty Pool" by Stevie Ray Vaughan "Dis-Moi" by BB Brunes "Disposable Teens" by Marilyn Manson "Dissident Aggressor (Live)" by Judas Priest "Gone" by Montgomery Gentry "Distracted" by KSM "Do You Believe In Love" by Huey Lewis And The News "Do You Feel Like We Do (Live)" by Peter Frampton "Do You Really Want To Hurt Me" by Culture Club "Do You Want To" by Franz Ferdinand "Gone" by Crooked X "DOA" by Foo Fighters "Dog Days Are Over" by Florence + The Machine "Doin' That Rag" by Grateful Dead "Doll" by Foo Fighters "Dolly Dagger" by Jimi Hendrix "Don't Cha Stop" by The Cars "Don't Ease Me In" by Grateful Dead "Guerrilla Radio" by Rage Against The Machine "Don't Go Away Mad (Just Go Away)" by Mötley Crüe "Don't Know What You Got (Till It's Gone)" by Cinderella "Guns Of Summer" by Coheed And Cambria "Don't Let The Sun Go Down On Me" by Elton John "Don't Look Back in Anger" by Oasis "Hair Of The Dog" by Nazareth "Don't Make Me Wait" by Locksley "Don't Speak" by No Doubt "Hammer To Fall" by Queen "Don't Stop" by Fleetwood Mac "Don't Stop (Color On The Walls)" by Foster The People "Don't Stop Believing" by Journey "Hang You From The Heavens" by The Dead Weather "Hanging On The Telephone" by Blondie "Don't Stop Me Now" by Queen "Don't Talk To Strangers" by Rick Springfield "Don't Tell Me" by Nikko "Don't Tell Me You Love Me" by Night Ranger "Don't You Evah" by Spoon "Don't You Want Me" by The Human League "Happy?" by Mudvayne "Have A Nice Day" by Bon Jovi "He's A Rocker" by The Vines "Down Under" by Men at Work "Head Over Heels" by Tears For Fears "Downfall" by TRUSTcompany "Dr. Feelgood" by Mötley Crüe "Dragula" by Rob Zombie "Dream Baby" by Roy Orbison "Dream On (Live)" by Aerosmith "Dream Police" by Cheap Trick "Hell In A Bucket" by Grateful Dead "Dreamin'" by Weezer "Dreaming of Love" by Lights Resolve "Hell On The Heart" by Eric Church "Here Comes My Girl (Live)" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "Drive" by Incubus "Driver 8" by R.E.M. "Here We Are Juggernaut" by Coheed And Cambria "Drop It Like It's Hot" by Snoop Dogg "Drops Of Jupiter" by Train "Duality" by Slipknot "East Jesus Nowhere" by Green Day "Eat Me Alive (Live)" by Judas Priest "Edge Of Seventeen (Just Like The White Winged Dove)" by Stevie Nicks "El Scorcho" by Weezer "Electric Crown" by Testament "Embedded" by Job for a Cowboy "Eminence Front" by The Who "Hole In The Earth" by Deftones "Empty Walls" by Serj Tankian "End Transmission" by AFI "Enough Space" by Foo Fighters "Entangled" by Honest Bob & The Factory-To-Dealer Incentives "Even Flow" by Pearl Jam "Hounds Of Love" by The Futureheads "Every Breath You Take" by The Police "Every Rose Has Its Thorn" by Poison "Every Teardrop Is A Waterfall" by Coldplay "Everybody Wants You" by Billy Squier "Everybody's Fool" by Evanescence "Everything Zen" by Bush "Ex-Girlfriend" by No Doubt "Excuse Me Mr." by No Doubt "Exodus" by Bob Marley "Fíjate Bien" by Juanes "I Heard It Through The Grapevine" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa (Sad Song)" by Otis Redding "Face Down In The Dirt" by Mötley Crüe "Face To The Floor" by Chevelle "Fake Friends" by Joan Jett and The Blackhearts "Falling Away From Me" by Korn "Fame" by David Bowie "I Shot The Sheriff" by Bob Marley "Fancy" by Reba McEntire "Fantasma" by Linea 77 "Fascination" by Alphabeat "I Want To Break Free" by Queen "Fat Bottomed Girls" by Queen "Fat Lip" by Sum 41 "Feather Pluckn" by Presidents of the United States of America "I'll Be There For You" by Bon Jovi "February Stars" by Foo Fighters "I'm Shipping Up To Boston" by Dropkick Murphys "Feel Good Drag" by Anberlin "I'm In Touch With Your World" by The Cars "Feel Good Inc." by Gorillaz "Feelin' Stronger Every Day" by Chicago "I've Got Dreams To Remember" by Otis Redding "Icarus (Borne On The Wings Of Steel)" by Kansas "Feeling This" by Blink-182 "Fell On Black Days" by Soundgarden "Figured You Out" by Nickleback "Fire And Ice" by Pat Benatar "If You Have To Ask" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Fire It Up" by Thousand Foot Krutch "If The World" by Guns N' Roses "Fireflies" by Owl City "Image Of The Invisible" by Thrice "First Date" by Blink-182 "Five Magics" by Megadeth "Fix You" by Coldplay "Flathead" by The Fratellis "Flight Of Icarus" by Iron Maiden "Floods" by Pantera "Fly By Night" by Rush "Fly On The Wall" by Miley Cyrus "Flying High Again" by Ozzy Osbourne "Folsom Prison Blues" by Johnny Cash "In The End" by Linkin Park "For What It's Worth" by Buffalo Springfield "Force Of Nature" by Pearl Jam "Inside The Fire" by Disturbed "Fortunate Son" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Fortunate Son (Original Version)" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Four Horsemen" by The Clash "It's My Life" by Bon Jovi "Foxey Lady" by Jimi Hendrix "It's My Life" by No Doubt "It's Still Rock And Roll To Me" by Billy Joel "Frankenstein" by The Edgar Winter Group "Franklin's Tower" by Grateful Dead "Freak On A Leash" by Korn "Jailbreak (Live)" by Thin Lizzy "Free Ride" by The Edgar Winter Group "Freedom" by Jimi Hendrix "Freedom Train" by Lenny Kravitz "Freeze Frame" by The J. Geils Band "From Out Of Nowhere" by Faith No More "Funhouse" by P!nk "Funk #49" by James Gang "Just A Girl" by No Doubt "Funky Monks" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Future Perfect Tense" by Sweet Billy Pilgrim "Futures" by Jimmy Eat World "Garden" by Pearl Jam "Gasoline" by Audioslave "Killed By Death '08" by Motörhead "Gay Bar" by Electric Six "Geraldine" by Glassvegas "Get It On" by The Chevelles "Get Out" by The Vines "Kings & Queens" by 30 Seconds To Mars "Get Ready 2 Rokk" by Freezepop "Kiss Them For Me" by Siouxsie And The Banshees "Get The Party Started" by P!nk "Get Up (I Feel Like Being a) Sex Machine - Pt 1" by James Brown "Ladybug" by Presidents Of The United States Of America "Get Your Rock On" by The Janitors "Laid To Rest" by Lamb of God "Ghost Of Perdition" by Opeth "Last Train To Clarksville" by The Monkees "Giddy On Up" by Laura Bell Bundy "Last Of My Kind" by Alice In Chains "Gimme Some Money" by Spinal Tap "Last Of The American Girls" by Green Day "Gimme Some Truth" by John Lennon "Gimme Three Steps" by Lynyrd Skynyrd "Girl U Want" by Devo "Girl, You Have No Faith in Medicine" by The White Stripes "Girls Who Play Guitars" by Maxïmo Park "Gives You Hell" by All-American Rejects "Glory Of Love" by Peter Cetera "Godzilla" by Blue Öyster Cult "Going Mobile" by The Who "Going Underground" by The Jam "Like A Fool" by Shaimus "Gold Cobra" by Limp Bizkit "Gold Dust Woman" by Fleetwood Mac "Lithium (Live At Reading)" by Nirvana "Little Of Your Time" by Maroon 5 "Little Sister" by Queens Of The Stone Age "Gone Away" by Offspring "Gonna See My Friend" by Pearl Jam "Gonzo" by All-American Rejects "Listen To The Music" by The Doobie Brothers "Good Girl" by Carrie Underwood "Good Mourning / Black Friday" by Megadeth "Good Time" by Alan Jackson "Good Times Roll" by The Cars "Got Nuffin" by Spoon "Got Some" by Pearl Jam "Got You (Where I Want You)" by The Flys "Gotas de Agua Dulce" by Juanes "Gouge Away" by Pixies "Livin' At The Corner Of Dude & Catastrophe" by MC Frontalot feat. Brad Sucks "Green River" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Living For The City" by Stevie Wonder "Grenade" by Bruno Mars "Grind" by Alice In Chains "Living Well Is The Best Revenge" by R.E.M. "Grinder (Live)" by Judas Priest "Gunpowder & Lead" by Miranda Lambert "Lonely As You" by Foo Fighters "Gypsy Eyes" by The Jimi Hendrix Experience "Had a Dad" by Jane's Addiction "Hallowed Be Thy Name (Live)" by Iron Maiden "Hammer Smashed Face" by Cannibal Corpse "Love Or Confusion" by Jimi Hendrix "Hammerhead" by The Offspring "Hand Me Down World" by The Guess Who "Handlebars" by The Flobots "Hands Down" by Dashboard Confessional "Magic Bus (Live At Leeds)" by The Who "Hangar 18" by Megadeth "Hanukkah Blessings" by Barenaked Ladies "Happy Now?" by No Doubt "Many Shades Of Black" by The Raconteurs "Mary Had A Little Lamb" by Stevie Ray Vaughan "Happy Xmas (War is Over)" by John & Yoko, The Plastic Ono Band "Me And My Gang" by Rascal Flatts "Meaning Of Life" by Disturbed "Hard Rock Hallelujah" by Lordi "Hard To Handle" by The Black Crowes "Hash Pipe" by Weezer "Meant To Live" by Switchfoot "Mellowship Slinky In B Major" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Hateful" by The Clash "Metal On Metal" by Anvil "Have You Ever Seen The Rain?" by Credence Clearwater Revival "Hay Poco Rock N Roll" by Platero y Tu "Miami 2017 (Seen The Lights Go Out On Broadway)" by Billy Joel "Monster" by Lady Gaga "Head Like A Hole" by Nine Inch Nails "Head Over Feet" by Alanis Morissette "Headknocker" by Foreigner "Headphones On" by Miranda Cosgrove "Heart Of The Sunrise" by Yes "Monster" by Skillet "Heart-Shaped Box" by Nirvana "Heartbreaker" by Pat Benatar "Heartkiller" by HIM "Heaven Beside You" by Alice In Chains "Heavy Duty" by Spinal Tap "Helen Wheels" by Paul McCartney & Wings "Helena" by My Chemical Romance "Helena Beat" by Foster The People "More Than Meets The Eye" by Testament "Hell Hole" by Spinal Tap "Moving In Stereo" by The Cars "Hella Good" by No Doubt "Moving To Seattle" by The Material "Hello, I Love You" by The Doors "Help Is On The Way" by Rise Against "Mud On The Tires" by Brad Paisley "Henrietta" by The Fratellis "My Generation (Live At Leeds)" by The Who "Here Comes Your Man" by Pixies "My Name Is Jonas" by Weezer "Here Without You" by 3 Doors Down "Heroes" by David Bowie "Hey" by Pixies "Hey Baby" by No Doubt "Hey Dude" by Kula Shaker "Hey Joe (Live)" by Jimi Hendrix "Hey John, What's Your Name Again?" by The Devil Wears Prada "Hey You" by No Doubt "Hey, Johnny Park!" by Foo Fighters "Higher Ground" by Stevie Wonder "Highway Chile" by Jimi Hendrix "Naked In The Rain" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Hillbilly Deluxe" by Brooks & Dunn "Hit Me With Your Best Shot" by Pat Benatar "Hitch A Ride" by Boston "Hold On Loosely" by 38 Special "Holiday In Cambodia" by Dead Kennedys "Holy Diver" by Dio "Holy Wars... The Punishment Due" by Megadeth "Nightmare" by Avenged Sevenfold "Hong Kong Garden" by Siouxsie and the Banshees "Hot Blooded" by Foreigner "How Do You Like Me Now" by Toby Keith "How Do You Sleep?" by John Lennon "How Far We've Come" by Matchbox Twenty "How You Remind Me" by Nickelback "Nights On Broadway" by Bee Gees "How?" by John Lennon "Howlin' For You" by The Black Keys "Huckleberry Crumble" by Stone Temple Pilots "Hymn 43" by Jethro Tull "Hypnotize" by System Of A Down "Hysteria" by Muse "Nur Ein Wort" by Wir Sind Helden "I Ain't Superstitious" by Megadeth "I Alone" by Live "Ode To Solitude" by HIM "I Am A Rock" by Simon & Garfunkel "On A Plain" by Nirvana "I Believe In A Thing Called Love" by The Darkness "I Bleed" by Pixies "On The Road Again" by Willie Nelson "I Can't Go For That (No Can Do)" by Hall & Oates "I Can't Keep My Eyes Off Of You" by SpongeBob SquarePants "I Could Have Lied" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "I Didn't Say I Was Powerful, I Said I Was a Wizard" by Chiodos "I Don't Care" by Fallout Boy "I Don't Know" by Ozzy Osbourne "I Don't Like You" by Electric Six "I Don't Wanna Be A Soldier Mama" by John Lennon "I Don't Wanna Stop" by Ozzy Osbourne "I Don't Want to Go to School" by Naked Brothers Band "One Of THOSE Nights" by The Cab "I Fought the Law" by The Clash "I Go To Extremes" by Billy Joel "Only A Memory" by The Smithereens "I Got Mine" by The Black Keys "I Got Stripes" by Johnny Cash "Only The Good Die Young" by Billy Joel "I Hate Everything About You" by Three Days Grace "I Know Where You Came From" by Hautewerk "I Love This Bar" by Toby Keith "I Melt With You" by Modern English "I Miss You" by Blink-182 "I Must Not Think Bad Thoughts" by X "I Need A Miracle" by Grateful Dead "I Only Want You" by Eagles of Death Metal "I Predict a Riot" by Kaiser Chiefs "I Ran (So Far Away)" by Flock Of Seagulls "I Stand Alone" by Godsmack "I Still Believe" by Frank Turner "I Told You So" by Keith Urban "Origin Of Species" by MC Frontalot "Out Of Line" by Buckcherry "I Turn My Camera On" by Spoon "Outer Space" by Ace Frehley "I Walk the Line" by Johnny Cash "I Wanna Be Your Dog" by The Stooges "I Wanna Be Your Man" by Endeverafter "I Want A New Drug" by Huey Lewis And The News "I Want It All" by Queen "I Want To Know What Love Is" by Foreigner "I Want You To Want Me (Live)" by Cheap Trick "I Will Not Bow" by Breaking Benjamin "I'm Eighteen (Live)" by Alice Cooper "I Will Possess Your Heart" by Death Cab For Cutie "I Wish" by Stevie Wonder "I Won't Back Down" by Tom Petty "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" by Panic At The Disco "Pain" by Jimmy Eat World "I'll Stick Around" by Foo Fighters "I'm Alright" by Kenny Loggins "I'm Broken" by Pantera "Pain" by Three Days Grace "I'm Cryin'" by Stevie Ray Vaughan "I'm Gone, I'm Going" by Lesley Roy "I'm Not Down" by The Clash "I'm Not Okay (I Promise)" by My Chemical Romance "I'm Sick Y'all" by Otis Redding "I'm The Man" by Anthrax "Peace Of Mind" by Boston "I've Seen All Good People" by Yes "Peek-A-Boo" by Siouxsie & The Banshees "I.R.S." by Guns N' Roses "I.V." by X Japan "People Got A Lotta Nerve" by Neko Case "Icky Thump" by The White Stripes "Peut-Être Une Angine" by Anaïs "Photograph" by Def Leppard "Idealistic Types" by Prong "Idiots Rule" by Jane's Addiction "If 6 Was 9" by Jimi Hendrix "Photograph" by Nickleback "If I Ain't Got You" by The Len Price 3 "If Today Was Your Last Day" by Nickelback "Pick Up The Pieces" by Average White Band "If You Leave Me Now" by Chicago "Piece Of My Heart" by Janis Joplin "Ignorance" by Paramore "Pig's In Zen" by Jane's Addiction "Im In Love With My Car" by Queen "Play The Game" by Queen "In Dreams" by Roy Orbison "In My Head" by Queens Of The Stone Age "Pork And Beans" by Weezer "In Waves" by Trivium "Indestructible" by Disturbed "Prayer Of The Refugee" by Rise Against "Indians" by Anthrax "Prequel To The Sequel" by Between the Buried and Me "Infinite Dreams" by Iron Maiden "Pressure" by Billy Joel "Inside Out" by Eve 6 "Intentional Heartache" by Dwight Yoakam "Pressure" by Paramore "Interstate Love Song" by Stone Temple Pilots "Invincible" by Pat Benatar "Irish Blood, English Heart" by Morrissey "Pretty Fly (For A White Guy)" by Offspring "Iron Maiden (Live)" by Iron Maiden "Ironic" by Alanis Morissette "Is This Love" by Bob Marley "Pride And Joy" by Stevie Ray Vaughan "Island In The Sun" by Weezer "It Happens" by Sugarland "It Hurts" by Angels & Airwaves "It's Not My Time" by 3 Doors Down "It's Not Over" by Daughtry "It's So Hard" by John Lennon "It's the End of the World As We Know It (and I Feel Fine)" by R.E.M. "Its Been Awhile" by Staind "Ive Done Everything For You" by Rick Springfield "Jammin' Me (Live)" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "Jamming" by Bob Marley "Jane Says" by Jane's Addiction "Jealous Guy" by John Lennon "Jeepster" by T. Rex "Jeremy" by Pearl Jam "Jerk It Out" by Caesars "Jessica" by The Allman Brothers Band "Jesus Built My Hotrod" by Ministry "Jesus Christ Pose" by Soundgarden "Jesus Freak" by dc Talk "Jet (Live)" by Paul McCartney "Jimmy Jazz" by The Clash "Jive Talkin'" by Bee Gees "Refugee (Live)" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "Remedy" by The Black Crowes "Johnny Guitar" by Pearl Jam "Joker & The Thief" by Wolfmother "Juke Box Hero" by Foreigner "Junkies For Fame" by Shinedown "Just Breathe" by Pearl Jam "Lover's Rock" by The Clash "Just Dance" by Lady Gaga "Riad N' The Bedouins" by Guns N' Roses "Just For Tonight" by One Night Only "Just The Way You Are" by Bruno Mars "Just What I Needed" by The Cars "Ride" by The Vines "Kaya" by Bob Marley And The Wailers "Keep On Loving You" by REO Speedwagon "Keep Yourself Alive" by Queen "Kickstart My Heart" by Mötley Crüe "Kids Don't Follow" by The Replacements "Ride" by Trace Adkins "Killer Queen" by Queen "Killing In The Name" by Rage Against The Name "King Of Rock" by Run-DMC "Kiss A Girl" by Keith Urban "Riders On The Storm" by The Doors "Knight on the Town" by Kula Shaker "Know Your Enemy" by Green Day "Ridin' The Hook" by SpongeBob SquarePants "Riding The Storm Out" by REO Speedwagon "Koka Kola" by The Clash "Kool Thing" by Sonic Youth "Kryptonite" by 3 Doors Down "L.A. Woman" by The Doors "La Camisa Negra" by Juanes "Ring Of Fire" by Johnny Cash "La La Love You" by Pixies "Lady Gaga's 'Poker Face' (South Park Version)" by South Park "Ring Of Fire" by Social Distortion "Landslide" by Fleetwood Mac "Last" by Nine Inch Nails "Last One to Die" by Rancid "Last Resort" by Papa Roach "Lay Your Hands On Me" by Bon Jovi "Leaving Here" by The Who "Left Behind" by Slipknot "Legendary Child" by Aerosmith "Lenny" by Stevie Ray Vaughan "Less Talk More Rokk" by Freezepop "Rock Ready" by Crown Of Thorns "Rock And Roll Band" by Boston "Let Forever Be" by The Chemical Brothers "Let It All Hang Out" by Weezer "Let Love Rule" by Lenny Kravitz "Let Me Hear You Scream" by Ozzy Osbourne "Let Me Roll It" by Paul McCartney & Wings "Roll With The Changes" by REO Speedwagon "Levitate" by I Mother Earth "Liar (It Takes One to Know One)" by Taking Back Sunday "LiesLiesLies" by Ministry "Life Is Beautiful" by Sixx AM "Lifeline" by Papa Roach "Light My Fire" by The Doors "Lightning Crashes" by Live "Limelight" by Rush "Limelight (Original Version)" by Rush "Linger" by The Cranberries "Lisztomania" by Phoenix "Lithium" by Evanescence "Run Through The Jungle" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Run To The Hills (Original Version)" by Iron Maiden "Little Miss Lover" by Jimi Hendrix "Runnin' Down A Dream" by Tom Petty "Little Wing" by Jimi Hendrix "Live Forever" by Oasis "Rust In Peace... Polaris" by Megadeth "Live Life Loud" by Hawk Nelson "Lively Up Yourself" by Bob Marley And The Wailers "Saints Of Los Angeles" by Mötley Crüe "Living After Midnight (Live)" by Judas Priest "Living Dead Girl" by Rob Zombie "Scenes From An Italian Restaurant" by Billy Joel "Living Through Me (Hell's Wrath)" by Pantera "Lodi" by Credence Clearwater Revival "Seize The Day" by Avenged Sevenfold "London Calling" by The Clash "Lonely Boy" by The Black Keys "Long Away" by Queen "Long Hot Summer Night" by The Jimi Hendrix Experience "Long Road To Ruin" by Foo Fighters "Sex On Fire" by Kings of Leon "Long Train Runnin'" by The Doobie Brothers "Look Around" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Lookin' For a Good Time" by Lady Antebellum "Lookin' Out My Back Door" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Los Angeles" by X "Losing My Religion" by R.E.M. "Lost In The Supermarket" by The Clash "Lounge Act" by Nirvana "Love Addict" by Family Force 5 "Love Her Madly" by The Doors "Love Hurts" by Nazareth "Love Is A Battlefield" by Pat Benatar "Love Like Winter" by AFI "Love Man" by Otis Redding "Love Me Two Times" by The Doors "Love My Way" by The Psychedelic Furs "Love Rollercoaster" by Ohio Players "Love Shack" by The B-52's "Love Spreads" by Stone Roses "Love Struck Baby" by Stevie Ray Vaughan "Love Will Tear Us Apart" by Joy Division "LoveGame" by Lady Gaga "She's Always A Woman" by Billy Joel "Lover Alot" by Aerosmith "She's A Genius" by Jet "She's A Handsome Woman" by Panic! At the Disco "Lucid Dreams" by Franz Ferdinand "She's A Hottie" by Toby Keith "Lucky Denver Mint" by Jimmy Eat World "Shhh...." by The Darkest Of The Hillside Thickets "Lucretia" by Megadeth "Machinehead" by Bush "Shimmer & Shine" by Ben Harper And Relentless7 "Madagascar" by Guns N' Roses "Made of Scars" by Stone Sour "Madhouse (Live)" by Anthrax "Magnetic Baby" by Semi-Precious Weapons "Make Me Smile" by Chicago "Make Some Noise" by Beastie Boys "MakeDamnSure" by Taking Back Sunday "Makes Me Wonder" by Maroon 5 "Mala Gente" by Juanes "Mama Tried" by Merle Haggard "Mama, I'm Coming Home" by Ozzy Osbourne "Man Of Me" by Gary Allan "Show Me The Way" by Black Tide "Man On The Moon" by R.E.M. "Maneater" by Hall & Oates "Manic Depression" by Jimi Hendrix "Manu Chao" by Les Wampas "Simple Kind Of Life" by No Doubt "March Of The Pigs" by Nine Inch Nails "Margaritaville" by Jimmy Buffett "Marry You" by Bruno Mars "Mary Jane's Last Dance (live)" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "Master of the Universe" by Hawkwind "Sins Of My Youth" by Neon Trees "Master/Slave" by Pearl Jam "Sky Is Over" by Serj Tankian "May This Be Love" by Jimi Hendrix "Maybe I'm Amazed" by Paul McCartney "Me And Bobby McGee" by Janis Joplin And The Full Tilt Boogie Band "Sleep Now In The Fire" by Rage Against The Machine "Mean Woman Blues" by Roy Orbison "Slice Of Your Pie" by Mötley Crüe "Medicate" by AFI "Megasus" by Megasus "Melatonin" by Silversun Pickups "Mercy" by Dave Matthews Band "Message In A Bottle" by The Police "Metal Gods (Live)" by Judas Priest "So Far Away" by Staind "Metal Thrashing Mad (Live)" by Anthrax "Somebody To Love" by Jefferson Airplane "Mica" by Mission Of Burma "Midnight Rider" by Allman Bros "Minerva" by Deftones "Somebody To Love" by Queen "Misery" by Maroon 5 "Miss Independent" by Kelly Clarkson "Miss Murder" by AFI "Modern Love" by David Bowie "Molly's Chambers" by Kings of Leon "Something In The Way" by Nirvana "Monarchy Of Roses" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Monkey Gone To Heaven" by Pixies "Monkey Wrench" by Foo Fighters "Monsoon" by Tokio Hotel "Mony Mony" by Billy Idol "Moonage Daydream" by David Bowie "Song With A Mission" by The Sounds "More Human Than Human" by White Zombie "More Than A Feeling" by Boston "Sons And Daughters" by The 88 "Sorry" by Guns N' Roses "More Than Words" by Extreme "Mountain Man" by Crash Kings "Mouth For War" by Pantera "Move Along" by All-American Rejects "Movin' Out (Anthony's Song)" by Billy Joel "Mr. Brightside" by The Killers "Mr. Cab Driver" by Lenny Kravitz "Sprøde" by Freezepop "Mr. Crowley" by Ozzy Osbourne "Mr. Grieves" by Pixies "Must Have Done Something Right" by Reliant K "My Best Friend's Girl" by The Cars "My Best Theory" by Jimmy Eat World "Stand Up And Shout" by Dio "My Body" by Young The Giant "My Curse" by Killswitch Engage "Stand In The Rain" by Superchick "Standing In The Shower... Thinking" by Jane's Addiction "My Hero" by Foo Fighters "My Iron Lung" by Radiohead "My Last Words" by Megadeth "My Life" by Billy Joel "My Lovely Man" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "My Old School" by Steely Dan "My Own Summer (Shove It)" by Deftones "Starting To Appreciate" by Tutankamon "My Poor Brain" by Foo Fighters "My Sharona" by The Knack "State Of Love And Trust (Live: Drop in the Park)" by Pearl Jam "Steady At The Wheel" by Shooter Jennings "My Way" by Limp Bizkit "N.I.B." by Black Sabbath "Stereo Hearts" by Gym Class Heroes ft. Adam Levine "Naked Eye" by Luscious Jackson "Natural Disaster" by Plain White T's "Nearly Lost You" by Screaming Trees "Need You Now" by Lady Antebellum "Never Again" by Nickleback "Never Gonna Give You Up" by Rick Astley "Never Let Me Down Again" by Depeche Mode "New" by No Doubt "New Dark Ages" by Bad Religion "New Divide" by Linkin Park "New Fang" by Them Crooked Vultures "New Moon Rising" by Wolfmother "New Slang" by The Shins "New Wave" by Pleymo "New Way Home" by Foo Fighters "Stop!" by Against Me! "Night Fever" by Bee Gees "Nightwatchman (Live)" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "Nirvana" by Juliana Hatfield "No Control" by Bad Religion "Story Of My Life" by Social Distortion "No Excuses" by Alice In Chains "No Fun" by The Stooges "Street Of Dreams" by Guns N' Roses "No Hassle Night" by The Dead Weather "No More Tears" by Ozzy Osbourne "No More Trouble" by Bob Marley And The Wailers "No Rain" by Blind Melon "No Regrets" by Authority Zero "No Sleep Till Brooklyn" by Beastie Boys "No Surprise" by Daughtry "No Time" by The Guess Who "No Woman No Cry" by Bob Marley "No. 13 Baby" by Pixies "Nobody's Fool" by Cinderella "Nookie" by Limp Bizkit "Not Again" by Staind "Nothin' But A Good Time" by Poison "Now I'm Here" by Queen "Numb" by Linkin Park "Obsession" by Animotion "Ocean Avenue" by Yellowcard "Ocean Size" by Jane's Addiction "Oceans" by Pearl Jam "Summertime Blues (Live At Leeds)" by The Who "Oh Love" by Green Day "Oh My Love" by John Lennon "Sun Hits The Sky" by Supergrass "Oh Yeah" by The Subways "Oh Yoko!" by John Lennon "Oh, Pretty Woman" by Roy Orbison "On The Backs Of Angels" by Dream Theater "Once" by Pearl Jam "Surfing With The Alien" by Joe Satriani "Once In A Lifetime" by Talking Heads "One Love/People Get Ready" by Bob Marley "One Rainy Wish" by Jimi Hendrix "One Vision" by Queen "Sweet Talk" by Dear And The Headlights "Only One" by Yellowcard "Only The Lonely (Know The Way I Feel)" by Roy Orbison "Ooby Dooby" by Roy Orbison "Open My Eyes" by Inhabited "Opening Band" by Paul & Storm "Take Back The City" by Snow Patrol "Take It On The Run" by REO Speedwagon "Operation Ground And Pound" by Dragonforce "Orange Amber" by The Vines "Otherside" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Take The Money And Run" by Steve Miller Band "Our Lips Are Sealed" by Go-Gos "Out Here All Night" by Damone "Tell Me Something Good" by Rufus ft. Chaka Khan "Ten Speed (Of God's Blood And Burial)" by Coheed And Cambria "Outshined" by Soundgarden "Outtathaway" by The Vines "Over The Mountain" by Ozzy Osbourne "Testify" by Stevie Ray Vaughan "Overkill" by Men at Work "Owner Of A Lonely Heart" by Yes "Pain And Pleasure" by Judas Priest "Panic" by Sublime With Rome "Panic Switch" by Silversun Pickups "The Ballad Of Ira Hayes" by Johnny Cash "Paparazzi" by Lady Gaga "The Boys Are Back In Town (Live)" by Thin Lizzy "Paradise By The Dashboard Light" by Meat Loaf "The Broken" by Coheed And Cambria "Parallel Universe" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Parasite (Live)" by KISS "Pardon Me" by Incubus "Party For Two" by Shania Twain "Party Hard" by Andrew W.K. "Peace Frog" by The Doors "People Are Strange" by The Doors "Perfect Day" by Lady Antebellum "Perfect Insanity" by Disturbed "The Diary Of Jane" by Breaking Benjamin "Perfect Situation" by Weezer "The Downfall Of Us All" by A Day To Remember "Perfekte Welle" by Juli "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Mode "Phantom Of The Opera" by Iron Maiden "Piano Man" by Billy Joel "Pick Me Up" by Dinosaur Jr. "The Flood" by Escape The Fate "Pilgrim" by Wolfmother "Please Don't Leave Me" by P!nk "Point of Know Return (Live)" by Kansas "The Kill" by 30 Seconds To Mars "Poison" by Alice Cooper "The Killing Jar" by Siouxsie And The Banshees "Poison Was the Cure" by Megadeth "Poker Face" by Lady Gaga "Police Truck" by Dead Kennedys "Policy Of Truth" by Depeche Mode "Polly" by Nirvana "The Number Of The Beast" by Iron Maiden "The Number Of The Beast (Original Version)" by Iron Maiden "Porch" by Pearl Jam "Possum Kingdom" by Toadies "Pour Some Sugar On Me (Live)" by Def Leppard "Power And The Passion" by Midnight Oil "Powerslave" by Iron Maiden "Precious" by The Pretenders "The Power Of Equality" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Prelude / Angry Young Man" by Billy Joel "The Righteous And The Wicked" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Pretty In Pink" by The Psychedelic Furs "Pretty Noose" by Soundgarden "Private Eyes" by Hall & Oates "Proibito" by Litfiba "Promised Land" by Vesuvius "Promises In The Dark" by Pat Benatar "Prophecy (Live)" by Judas Priest "The Taste Of Ink" by The Used "Prostitute" by Guns N' Roses "The Underground In America" by Pantera "Proud Mary" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Psychosocial" by Slipknot "Public Enemy No. 1" by Megadeth "Pulse Of The Maggots" by Slipknot "Purple Haze" by Jimi Hendrix "Push It" by Static-X "Queen Bitch" by David Bowie "R U Mine?" by Arctic Monkeys "Radio Free Europe" by R.E.M. "Radio Ga Ga" by Queen "Radio Radio" by Elvis Costello "Rain Is A Good Thing" by Luke Bryan "Raining Blood" by Slayer "Rape Me" by Nirvana "Rapid Fire (Live)" by Judas Priest "Rapture" by Blondie "Rattlesnake Shake" by Mötley Crüe "There Was A Time" by Guns N' Roses "Re-Arranged" by Limp Bizkit "Re-Education (Through Labor)" by Rise Against "Re-Hash" by Gorillaz "Re: Your Brains" by Jonathan Coulton "These Days" by R.E.M. "Ready, Set, Go" by Tokio Hotel "Real Good Looking Boy" by The Who "Real World" by All-American Rejects "Rebel Love Song" by Black Veil Brides "Rebel Yell" by Billy Idol "Rebound" by Laura Bell Bundy "Red Barchetta" by Rush "Red Devil" by Yngwie Malmsteen's Rising Force "This Is Thirteen" by Anvil "Red Tandy" by The Mother Hips "Redemption Song" by Bob Marley "This Is War" by 30 Seconds to Mars "Thnks Fr Th Mmrs" by Fall Out Boy "Reinventing Your Exit" by Underoath "Relax (Come Fighting)" by Frankie Goes To Hollywood "Release" by Pearl Jam "Renegade" by Styx "Rescue Me" by Buckcherry "Revolution Rock" by The Clash "Rhiannon" by Fleetwood Mac "Ride The Lightning" by Metallica "Ridin' In My Chevy" by Snoop Dogg "Riding on the Wind" by Judas Priest "Rime Of The Ancient Mariner" by Iron Maiden "Rio" by Duran Duran "Rize Of The Fenix" by Tenacious D "Roadhouse Blues" by The Doors "Roam" by The B-52's "Time Bomb" by Rancid "Rock & Roll Queen" by The Subways "Rock 'n' Roll Creation" by Spinal Tap "Time For Change" by Mötley Crüe "Rock 'n' Roll Dream" by Crooked X "Rock 'n' Roll High School" by The Ramones "Time-Sick Son Of A Grizzly Bear" by The Mother Hips "Rock 'n' Roll Nightmare" by Spinal Tap "Rock And Roll All Nite (Live)" by KISS "Too Much Time On My Hands" by Styx "Rock Me" by Liz Phair "Tornado Of Souls" by Megadeth "Rock Of Ages" by Def Leppard "Total Eclipse Of The Heart" by Bonnie Tyler "Rock Rebellion" by Bang Camaro "Train In Vain (Stand By Me)" by The Clash "Rock The Casbah" by The Clash "Rock Your Socks" by Tenacious D "Rockaway Beach" by Ramones "Rockstar" by Nickleback "Trippin' On A Hole In A Paper Heart" by Stone Temple Pilots "Rooster" by Alice In Chains "Rope" by Foo Fighters "Rosanna" by Toto "Roxanne" by The Police "Ruby Soho" by Rancid "Two Tickets To Paradise" by Eddie Money "Rude Mood" by Stevie Ray Vaughan "Rudie Can't Fail" by The Clash "Under The Bridge" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Runaway" by Bon Jovi "Up Around The Bend" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Up From The Skies" by Jimi Hendrix "Runnin' Wild" by Airbourne "Running" by No Doubt "Up In Arms" by Foo Fighters "Up The Beach" by Jane's Addiction "Rusty Cage" by Soundgarden "Salute Your Solution" by The Raconteurs "Same Ol' Situation (S.O.S.)" by Mötley Crüe "Sanctified" by Nine Inch Nails "Santa Monica" by Everclear "Santeria" by Sublime "Satch Boogie" by Joe Satriani "Satellite" by Rise Against "Valleys Of Neptune" by Jimi Hendrix "Vengeance Is Mine" by Alice Cooper "Satellite Radio" by Steve Earle "Satisfy My Soul" by Bob Marley "Saturday Morning" by Eels "Saturday Night Special" by Lynyrd Skynyrd "Saucy Jack" by Spinal Tap "Savior" by Rise Against "Say Goodbye To Hollywood" by Billy Joel "Say You'll Haunt Me" by Stone Sour "Waiting For The End" by Linkin Park "Scar Tissue" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Waiting In Vain" by Bob Marley "Scarlet Begonias" by Grateful Dead "Waking The Demon" by Bullet For My Valentine "Walk" by Foo Fighters "School" by Nirvana "School's Out (Live)" by Alice Cooper "Science Genius Girl" by Freezepop "Scraped" by Guns N' Roses "Walk" by Pantera "Scream" by Avenged Sevenfold "Scream Aim Fire" by Bullet For My Valentine "Screaming For Vengeance" by Judas Priest "Sea and Sand" by The Who "Walk Like An Egyptian" by The Bangles "Seasons" by The Veer Union "Seasons In The Abyss" by Slayer "Second Chance" by Shinedown "See You" by Foo Fighters "See You Again" by Miley Cyrus "Self Esteem" by Offspring "Send The Pain Below" by Chevelle "Walking On The Moon" by The Police "Sensual Seduction" by Snoop Dogg "Settlin'" by Sugarland "Seven Nation Army" by The White Stripes "Seven Seas Of Rhye" by Queen "Seventh Son Of A Seventh Son" by Iron Maiden "Sex And Candy" by Marcy Playground "Sex Type Thing" by Stone Temple Pilots "Shadow Of The Day" by Linkin Park "Warriors Of Time" by Black Tide "Shadows Of The Night" by Pat Benatar "Shake" by Count Zero "She Does" by Locksley "She Goes Down" by Mötley Crüe "She Hates Me" by Puddle Of Mudd "She Sells Sanctuary" by The Cult "We Didn't Start The Fire" by Billy Joel "She Talks To Angels" by The Black Crowes "We Weren't Born To Follow" by Bon Jovi "She Thinks My Tractor's Sexy" by Kenny Chesney "Weight Of The World" by Evanescence "Welcome To The Black Parade" by My Chemical Romance "She's Country" by Jason Aldean "She's Fetching" by Big Dipper "She's Not There" by The Zombies "She's So Fine" by Jimi Hendrix "She's So Mean" by Matchbox Twenty "What A Horrible Night To Have A Curse" by Black Dahlia Murder "Shelter Me" by Cinderella "Shepherd Of Fire" by Avenged Sevenfold "Shining Star" by Earth Wind & Fire "Shockwave" by Black Tide "Shoot the Runner" by Kasabian "Shooting The Moon" by OK Go "What's It Feel Like To Be A Ghost?" by Taking Back Sunday "What's The Frequency, Kenneth?" by R.E.M. "Should've Been a Cowboy" by Toby Keith "Sick, Sick, Sick" by Queens of the Stone Age "Sideways" by Dierks Bentley "Silent Lucidity" by Queensrÿche "Who'll Stop The Rain" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Silver" by Pixies "Who's Going Home With You Tonight?" by Trapt "Simple Man" by Lynyrd Skynyrd "Sin Wagon" by Dixie Chicks "Wings Of A Butterfly" by HIM "Sing the Changes (Live)" by Paul McCartney "Witch Hunt (Part III Of Fear)" by Rush "Single White Female" by Chely Wright "Sir Duke" by Stevie Wonder "Sir Psycho Sexy" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Sister Europe" by The Psychedelic Furs "Siva" by Smashing Pumpkins "Sixteen" by No Doubt "Skullcrusher Mountain" by Jonathan Coulton "Writing On The Walls" by Underoath "Sleepwalker" by Megadeth "Small Axe" by Bob Marley And The Wailers "Smash It Up (Part II)" by The Damned "You Don't Have To Be Old to Be Wise (Live)" by Judas Priest "Smells Like Teen Spirit" by Nirvana "Smile Like You Mean It" by The Killers "Smokin'" by Boston "Smooth" by Santana "Smooth Criminal" by Alien Ant Farm "Snoop's Upside Ya Head" by Snoop Dogg "Snow ((Hey Oh))" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Snuff" by Slipknot "Young Man Blues (Live At Leeds)" by The Who "So Cold" by Breaking Benjamin "So Lonely" by The Police "So Much To Say" by Dave Matthews Band "Sober" by P!nk "Someday" by Nickelback "Something About You" by Boston "Something From Nothing" by Foo Fighters "Sometimes Salvation" by The Black Crowes "Somewhere I Belong" by Linkin Park "Sooner Or Later" by Breaking Benjamin "Sorrow" by Bad Religion "Sort Of" by Silversun Pickups "Soul Kitchen" by The Doors "Soul Sucker" by Ozzy Osbourne "South of Heaven" by Slayer "South Side Of The Sky" by Yes "Space Cowboy" by Steve Miller Band "Space Truckin'" by Deep Purple "Spaceman" by The Killers "Spanish Bombs" by The Clash "Spanish Castle Magic" by Jimi Hendrix "Speed Of Sound" by Pearl Jam "Spiderwebs" by No Doubt "Spill The Wine" by WAR "Spinning Wheel" by Blood, Sweat & Tears "Stacked Actors" by Foo Fighters "Stand" by R.E.M. "Stand Back" by Stevie Nicks "Starship Trooper" by Yes "Start All Over" by Miley Cyrus "Starting Over" by Killswitch Engage "Stash" by Phish "Stay Away" by Nirvana "Stay Together For The Kids" by Blink 182 "Stayin' Alive" by Bee Gees "Steady, As She Goes" by The Raconteurs "Steal Away (The Night)" by Ozzy Osbourne "Steeler (Live)" by Judas Priest "Sticky Sweet" by Mötley Crüe "Stigmata" by Ministry "Still Alive" by GlaD0s and Jonathan Coulton "Still Of The Night" by Whitesnake "Still Waiting" by Sum 41 "Stir It Up" by Bob Marley "Stone Cold Crazy" by Queen "Stone Free" by Jimi Hendrix "Stonehenge" by Spinal Tap "Stop And Stare" by OneRepublic "Stop Draggin' My Heart Around" by Stevie Nicks "Stop Start Again" by Hautewerk "Straight Lines" by Silverchair "Strange Times" by The Black Keys "Stray Cat Strut" by Brian Setzer "Stricken" by Disturbed "Strutter (Live)" by KISS "Stupify" by Disturbed "Sturm & Drang" by KMFDM "Subdivisions" by Rush "Suck My Kiss" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Suds In The Bucket" by Sara Evans "Sugar Magnolia" by Grateful Dead "Sugar, We're Goin' Down" by Fall Out Boy "Sugarbaby" by Morningwood "Suicide Note Pt. II" by Pantera "Sulfur" by Slipknot "Summer Nights" by Rascal Flatts "Summertime Rolls" by Jane's Addiction "Sunday Morning" by No Doubt "Sundial" by Wolfmother "Super Bad, Pts. 1 & 2" by James Brown "Super-Charger Heaven" by White Zombie "Superbeast" by Rob Zombie "Superman" by R.E.M. "Supersonic" by Pearl Jam "Supersonic (Live)" by Oasis "Superstition" by Stevie Wonder "Surrender (Live)" by Cheap Trick "Susie Q" by Credence Clearwater Revival "Swamped" by Lacuna Coil "Sweet Emotion" by Aerosmith "Sweet Home Alabama (Live)" by Lynyrd Skynyrd "Sweet Leaf" by Black Sabbath "Sweetness" by Jimmy Eat World "Sweetness & Light" by Lush "Swing" by Trace Adkins "Symphony Of Destruction" by Megadeth "Synchronicity II" by The Police "Tainted Love" by Soft Cell "Take Me Out" by Franz Ferdinand "Take Me to the River" by Talking Heads "Take No Prisoners" by Megadeth "Take On Me" by A-ha "Talk Dirty To Me" by Poison "Tame" by Pixies "Tears Don't Fall" by Bullet For My Valentine "Ted, Just Admit It..." by Jane's Addiction "Teen Angst (What The World Needs Now)" by Cracker "Teenage Lobotomy" by The Ramones "Teenagers" by My Chemical Romance "Tell Her No" by The Zombies "Tell Me" by Stevie Ray Vaughan "Tell Me Baby" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Tempted" by Squeeze "Tenement Funster" by Queen "Tennessee Flat Top Box" by Johnny Cash "Terrible Lie" by Nine Inch Nails "Territorial Pissings" by Nirvana "Texas Flood" by Stevie Ray Vaughan "Tha Shiznit" by Snoop Dogg "Thank You Boys" by Jane's Addiction "That's How Country Boys Roll" by Billy Currington "That's How I Escaped My Certain Fate" by Mission Of Burma "That's Tha Homie" by Snoop Dogg "That's When I Reach For My Revolver" by Mission Of Burma "The Adventure" by Angels & Airwaves "The Adventures Of Rain Dance Maggie" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "The Animal" by Disturbed "The Anthem" by Good Charlotte "The Arms Of Sorrow" by Killswitch Engage "The Banishment" by Prong "The Best Day Ever" by SpongeBob SquarePants "The Bitch Is Back" by Elton John "The Camera Eye" by Rush "The Card Cheat" by The Clash "The Clairvoyant" by Iron Maiden "The Climb" by No Doubt "The Collector" by Nine Inch Nails "The Conjuring" by Megadeth "The Crow & The Butterfly" by Shinedown "The Crystal Ship" by The Doors "The Day I Tried To Live" by Soundgarden "The Dope Show" by Marilyn Manson "The End" by Pearl Jam "The End Of Heartache" by Killswitch Engage "The Entertainer" by Billy Joel "The Feeling" by Kutless "The Fixer" by Pearl Jam "The Gambler" by Kenny Rogers "The Game" by Disturbed "The Good Left Undone" by Rise Against "The Good Life" by Three Days Grace "The Great Escape" by Boys Like Girls "The Great Satan" by Ministry "The Great Southern Trendkill" by Pantera "The Greatest Man That Ever Lived" by Weezer "The Greeting Song" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "The Guns Of Brixton" by The Clash "The Heart Of Rock & Roll" by Huey Lewis And The News "The Hellion/Electric Eye" by Judas Priest "The Hockey Theme" by Neil Peart "The Hungry Wolf" by X "The Joker" by Steve Miller Band "The Kids Aren't Alright" by Offspring "The Leaving Song, Pt II" by AFI "The Loco-Motion" by Grand Funk Railroad "The Metal" by Tenacious D "The Night The Lights Went Out In Georgia" by Reba McEntire "The Only Exception" by Paramore "The Only Time" by Nine Inch Nails "The Party Song" by Blink 182 "The Perfect Crime # 2" by The Decemberists "The Perfect Drug" by Nine Inch Nails "The Pretender" by Foo Fighters "The Prisoner" by Iron Maiden "The Rage (Live)" by Judas Priest "The Red" by Chevelle "The Right Profile" by The Clash "The Rock Show" by Blink-182 "The Running Free" by Coheed and Cambria "The Scientist" by Coldplay "The Show Must Go On" by Queen "The Spirit Of Radio (Live)" by Rush "The Stranger" by Billy Joel "The Stroke" by Billy Squier "The Thrill Is Gone" by B.B. King "The Time Is Wrong" by Tickle Me Pink "The Trooper" by Iron Maiden "The Wagon" by Dinosaur Jr. "The Waiting (Live)" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "The Way That It Shows" by Richard Thompson "The Weight (Live)" by The Band "The Who Super Bowl S-mashup" by The Who "The Wind Cries Mary" by Jimi Hendrix "Them Belly Full (But We Hungry)" by Bob Marley And The Wailers "There Goes My Gun" by Pixies "There's No Other Way" by Blur "They Say" by Scars on Broadway "They're Red Hot" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Thieves" by Ministry "Third Floor Story" by The Mother Hips "This Afternoon" by Nickleback "This Ain't A Scene, It's An Arms Race" by Fallout Boy "This Calling" by All That Remains "This Charming Man" by The Smiths "This I Love" by Guns N' Roses "This Is a Call" by Foo Fighters "This Is Exile" by Whitechapel "This Is It" by Staind "This Love" by Maroon 5 "This Means War" by Nickelback "This One's For The Girls" by Martina McBride "Thrash Unreal" by Against Me! "Thrasher" by Evile "Three Little Birds" by Bob Marley "Through Being Cool" by Devo "Through Glass" by Stone Sour "Through The Fire And Flames" by Dragonforce "Throwing Stones" by Grateful Dead "Thunder Kiss '65" by White Zombie "Thunderbirds Are Go!" by Busted "Tie You Down" by Shaimus "Tie Your Mother Down" by Queen "Tighten Up" by The Black Keys "Time Bomb (Live)" by Old 97s "Time Is Running Out" by Papa Roach "Times Like These" by Foo Fighters "To Be With You" by Mr. Big "Tom Sawyer (Original Version)" by Rush "Tomorrow" by Silverchair "Tonight I'm Gonna Rock You Tonight" by Spinal Tap "Tonight Tonight" by Hot Chelle Rae "Touch Me" by The Doors "Touch of Grey" by Grateful Dead "Town Called Malice" by The Jam "Toxicity" by System Of A Down "Tragedy" by Bee Gees "Tragic Kingdom" by No Doubt "Transmaniacon MC" by Blue Öyster Cult "Travelin' Band" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Treat Me Like Your Mother" by The Dead Weather "Tribute" by Tenacious D "Trouble Comes Running" by Spoon "Troublemaker" by Weezer "Truckin'" by Grateful Dead "Truth Hits Everybody" by The Police "Tubthumping" by Chumbawamba "Tuesday's Gone" by Lynyrd Skynyrd "Turning Japanese" by The Vapors "Tutto E' Possibile" by Finley "TWANG" by George Strait "Tweezer" by Phish "Two Weeks" by All That Remains "Tyler" by Toadies "Typical" by Mute Math "U Suck" by Just Kait "U.S. Blues" by Grateful Dead "Unbelievable" by EMF "Uncle John's Band" by Grateful Dead "Undefeated" by Def Leppard "Under Cover Of Darkness" by The Strokes "Under My Wheels" by Alice Cooper "Under Pressure" by Queen "Underneath It All" by No Doubt "Undone - The Sweater Song" by Weezer "Unholy Confessions" by Avenged Sevenfold "United (Live)" by Judas Priest "Unskinny Bop" by Poison "Unthought Known" by Pearl Jam "Until The End" by Breaking Benjamin "Up All Night" by Blink 182 "Urgent" by Foreigner "Use It" by The New Pornographers "Use Me" by Hinder "Verdamp Lang Her" by BAP "Vital Signs" by Rush "Viva La Vida" by Coldplay "Voices" by Disturbed "Volcano" by Jimmy Buffett "Voodoo Child (Slight Return) (Live)" by Jimi Hendrix "Wait And Bleed" by Slipknot "Wait Until Tomorrow" by Jimi Hendrix "Waiting For A Girl Like You" by Foreigner "Wake Up Call" by Maroon 5 "Wake Up Dead" by Megadeth "Walk Away" by The James Gang "Walk This Way" by Aerosmith "Walking After You" by Foo Fighters "War Nerve" by Pantera "War Pigs" by Black Sabbath "War Zone" by Rob Zombie "Warmer Than Hell" by Spinal Tap "Wasted Again" by Turbonegro "Wasted Years" by Iron Maiden "We Belong" by Pat Benatar "We Built This City" by Starship "We Care A Lot" by Faith No More "We Die Young" by Alice In Chains "We're An American Band" by Grand Funk Railroad "Weapon Of Choice" by Black Rebel Motorcycle Club "Weightless" by All Time Low "Weird Science" by Oingo Boingo "Welcome To The Family" by Avenged Sevenfold "Well Thought Out Twinkles" by Silversun Pickups "What I Got" by Sublime "What I've Done" by Linkin Park "What Was I Thinkin'" by Dierks Bentley "What You Want" by Evanescence "What's My Age Again" by Blink-182 "What's Your Name?" by Lynyrd Skynyrd "Wheels" by Foo Fighters "When I'm Gone" by 3 Doors Down "When You're Young" by 3 Doors Down "Where's Gary?" by SpongeBob SquarePants "White Falcon Fuzz" by The Mother Hips "White Rabbit" by Jefferson Airplane "White Unicorn" by Wolfmother "Who Am I (What's My Name)?" by Snoop Dogg "Who Are You" by The Who "Who Knew" by P!nk "Who Says You Can't Go Home" by Bon Jovi "Who's Your Daddy?" by Toby Keith "Why Can't We Be Friends" by Smash Mouth "Why Do You Love Me" by Garbage "Why Go" by Pearl Jam "Wilson (Live)" by Phish "Wind Me Up" by Ghost Hounds "Wind Up" by Foo Fighters "Wish You Were Here" by Incubus "Without You" by Mötley Crüe "Wolf Like Me" by TV on the Radio "Woman" by Wolfmother "Women" by Jamey Johnson "Won't Go Home Without You" by Maroon 5 "Wonderwall" by Oasis "Word Forward" by Foo Fighters "Working For The Weekend" by Loverboy "Working Man" by Rush "Working Man (Vault Edition)" by Rush "World Go 'Round" by No Doubt "World Turning" by Fleetwood Mac "Would You Go With Me" by Josh Turner "Would?" by Alice In Chains "Wrong 'Em Boyo" by The Clash "Wrong Way" by Sublime "Yellow" by Coldplay "Yerbatero" by Juanes "Yomp" by thenewno2 "You Can Do It" by No Doubt "You Don't Know What Love Is (You Just Do As You're Told)" by The White Stripes "You Got It" by Roy Orbison "You Got Me Floatin'" by Jimi Hendrix "You Know You're Right" by Nirvana "You Make Me Feel..." by Cobra Starship (Ft. Sabi) "You May Be Right" by Billy Joel "You Should Be Dancing" by Bee Gees "You're All I've Got Tonight" by The Cars "You're Gonna Hear From Me" by Night Ranger "You're My Best Friend" by Queen "You're No Rock N Roll Fun" by Sleater-Kinney "You've Got Another Thing Comin'" by Judas Priest "Young" by Hollywood Undead "Young Americans" by David Bowie "Younger Bums" by Big Dipper "Your Betrayal" by Bullet For My Valentine "Your Decision" by Alice In Chains "Your Touch" by The Black Keys "Youth Of The Nation" by P.O.D. "YYZ" by Rush "Zero" by Smashing Pumpkins "Ziggy Stardust" by David Bowie
1st fearofmimes 112,980 N/A 94% 223 Dec. 21, 2016, 9:08PM N/A
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Instrument: Guitar | Bass | Drums | Vocals | Keys | Pro Guitar | Pro Bass | Pro Drums | Pro Keys
Song Selection: All Songs ------------------------------ Warmup ------------------------------ "I Love Rock N' Roll" by Joan Jett and the Blackhearts "The Hardest Button to Button" by The White Stripes "Just Like Heaven" by The Cure "I Wanna Be Sedated" by Ramones "Last Dance" by Raveonettes "Imagine" by John Lennon "Low Rider" by War "Yoshimi Battles the Pink Robots, Pt. 1" by The Flaming Lips "Space Oddity" by David Bowie "Oye Mi Amor" by Mana "Walking on the Sun" by Smash Mouth "Outer Space" by The Muffs ------------------------------ Apprentice ------------------------------ "Midlife Crisis" by Faith No More "Werewolves of London" by Warren Zevon "The Con" by Tegan and Sara "Living in America" by The Sounds "The Look" by Roxette "Killing Loneliness" by HIM "Get Up, Stand Up" by Bob Marley & the Wailers "I Need to Know" by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers "Centerfold" by J. Geils Band "Combat Baby" by Metric "Don't Stand So Close to Me" by The Police ------------------------------ Solid ------------------------------ "Heart of Glass" by Blondie "Whip It" by Devo "This Bastard's Life" by Swingin' Utters "Plush" by Stone Temple Pilots "Walk of Life" by Dire Straits "Get Free" by The Vines "Foolin'" by Def Leppard "King George" by Dover "In a Big Country" by Big Country "Need You Tonight" by INXS "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" by Tears for Fears "The Power of Love" by Huey Lewis and the News ------------------------------ Moderate ------------------------------ "Oh My God" by Ida Maria "The Beautiful People" by Marilyn Manson "Portions for Foxes" by Rilo Kiley "Here I Go Again" by Whitesnake "Fly Like an Eagle" by Steve Miller Band "Rehab" by Amy Winehouse "Stop Me If You Think You've Heard This One Before" by The Smiths "I Can See For Miles" by The Who "Rock Lobster" by The B-52s "The Killing Moon" by Echo & the Bunnymen "Good Vibrations (Live)" by The Beach Boys "Don't Bury Me... I'm Still Not Dead" by Riverboat Gamblers ------------------------------ Challenging ------------------------------ "Du Hast" by Rammstein "Sister Christian" by Night Ranger "False Alarm" by The Bronx "20th Century Boy" by T. Rex "Me Enamora" by Juanes "Cold as Ice" by Foreigner "Hey Man, Nice Shot" by Filter "Something Bigger, Something Brighter" by Pretty Girls Make Graves "Antibodies" by Poni Hoax "Break On Through (To the Other Side)" by The Doors "China Grove" by The Doobie Brothers "In the Meantime" by Spacehog ------------------------------ Nightmare ------------------------------ "Jerry Was a Racecar Driver" by Primus "Lasso" by Phoenix "Saturday Night's Alright (For Fighting)" by Elton John "Misery Business" by Paramore "Viva la Resistance" by Hypernova "Humanoid" by Tokio Hotel "I Got You (I Feel Good)" by James Brown "One Armed Scissor" by At the Drive-In "Crosstown Traffic" by The Jimi Hendrix Experience "Dead End Friends" by Them Crooked Vultures "Been Caught Stealing" by Jane's Addiction "Before I Forget" by Slipknot ------------------------------ Impossible ------------------------------ "Smoke on the Water" by Deep Purple "No One Knows" by Queens of the Stone Age "Bohemian Rhapsody" by Queen "Crazy Train" by Ozzy Osbourne "Free Bird" by Lynyrd Skynyrd "Radar Love" by Golden Earring "Rainbow in the Dark" by Dio "25 or 6 to 4" by Chicago "Caught in a Mosh" by Anthrax "Beast and the Harlot" by Avenged Sevenfold "Llama" by Phish "Roundabout" by Yes ------------------------------ Rock Band 2 Imported ------------------------------ "A Jagged Gorgeous Winter (RB3 DLC)" by The Main Drag "Ace of Spades '08" by Motörhead "Alabama Getaway" by The Grateful Dead "Alex Chilton" by The Replacements "Almost Easy" by Avenged Sevenfold "American Woman" by The Guess Who "Aqualung" by Jethro Tull "Bad Reputation" by Joan Jett "Bodhisattva" by Steely Dan "Carry On Wayward Son" by Kansas "Chop Suey" by System of a Down "Colony of Birchmen" by Mastodon "Come Out and Play (Keep 'Em Separated)" by The Offspring "Cool for Cats" by Squeeze "De-Luxe" by Lush "Down with the Sickness" by Disturbed "Drain You" by Nirvana "E-Pro" by Beck "Everlong" by Foo Fighters "Eye of the Tiger" by Survivor "Feel the Pain" by Dinosaur Jr. "Float On" by Modest Mouse "Girl's Not Grey" by AFI "Give It All" by Rise Against "Go Your Own Way" by Fleetwood Mac "Hello There" by Cheap Trick "Hungry Like the Wolf" by Duran Duran "I Was Wrong" by Social Distortion "Kids in America" by The Muffs "Lazy Eye" by Silversun Pickups "Livin' on a Prayer" by Bon Jovi "Lump" by The Presidents of The United States of America "Man in the Box" by Alice In Chains "Master Exploder" by Tenacious D "Mountain Song" by Jane's Addiction "My Own Worst Enemy" by Lit "New Kid in School" by The Donnas "Nine in the Afternoon" by Panic At The Disco "One Step Closer" by Linkin Park "One Way or Another" by Blondie "Our Truth" by Lacuna Coil "Panic Attack" by Dream Theater "PDA" by Interpol "Peace Sells" by Megadeth "Pinball Wizard" by The Who "Pretend We're Dead" by L7 "Psycho Killer" by Talking Heads "Pump It Up" by Elvis Costello "Ramblin' Man" by The Allman Brothers "Alive" by Pearl Jam "Rebel Girl" by Bikini Kill "Rock'n Me" by Steve Miller Band "Round and Round" by Ratt "Shackler's Revenge" by Guns N' Roses "Shooting Star" by Bad Company "Shoulder to the Plow (RB3 DLC)" by Breaking Wheel "So What'cha Want" by Beastie Boys "Souls of Black" by Testament "Spirit in the Sky" by Norman Greenbaum "Tangled Up in Blue" by Bob Dylan "Teen Age Riot" by Sonic Youth "That's What You Get" by Paramore "The Middle" by Jimmy Eat World "The Trees (Vault Edition)" by Rush "Today" by Smashing Pumpkins "Uncontrollable Urge" by Devo "We Got the Beat" by Go-Go's "Where'd You Go?" by The Mighty Mighty Bosstones "White Wedding (Part 1)" by Billy Idol "You Oughta Know" by Alanis Morissette "Conventional Lover" by Speck "Get Clean" by Anarchy Club "Painkiller" by Judas Priest "Night Lies" by Bang Camaro "Rob the Prez-O-Dent" by That Handsome Devil "Testify" by Rage Against The Machine "Visions" by Abnormality "Supreme Girl" by The Sterns "Welcome To The Neighborhood" by Libyans ------------------------------ Rock Band Imported ------------------------------ "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" by Blue Oyster Cult "29 Fingers" by The Konks "Are You Gonna Be My Girl" by Jet "Ballroom Blitz" by Sweet "Black Hole Sun" by Soundgarden "Blitzkrieg Bop" by Ramones "Blood Doll" by Anarchy Club "Brainpower" by Freezepop "Can't Let Go" by Death of the Cool "Celebrity Skin" by Hole "Cherub Rock" by Smashing Pumpkins "Dani California" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Day Late, Dollar Short" by The Acro-brats "Dead on Arrival" by Fall Out Boy "Detroit Rock City" by KISS "Electric Version" by The New Pornographers "Epic" by Faith No More "Flirtin' with Disaster" by Molly Hatchet "Foreplay/Long Time" by Boston "Gimme Shelter" by The Rolling Stones "Go with the Flow" by Queens of the Stone Age "Green Grass and High Tides" by The Outlaws "Here It Goes Again" by OK Go "Highway Star" by Deep Purple "I Get By" by Honest Bob and the Factory-to-Dealer Incentives "I Think I'm Paranoid" by Garbage "I'm So Sick" by Flyleaf "In Bloom" by Nirvana "Learn to Fly" by Foo Fighters "Main Offender" by The Hives "Maps" by Yeah Yeah Yeahs "Mississippi Queen" by Mountain "Next to You" by The Police "Orange Crush" by R.E.M. "Pleasure (Pleasure)" by Bang Camaro "Reptilia" by The Strokes "Sabotage" by Beastie Boys "Say It Ain't So" by Weezer "Should I Stay or Should I Go" by The Clash "Suffragette City" by David Bowie "The Hand That Feeds" by Nine Inch Nails "Time We Had" by The Mother Hips "Timmy & the Lords of the Underworld" by Timmy & the Lords of the Underworld "Tom Sawyer" by Rush "Train Kept A Rollin'" by Aerosmith "Vasoline" by Stone Temple Pilots "Wanted Dead or Alive" by Bon Jovi "Wave of Mutilation" by Pixies "Welcome Home" by Coheed & Cambria "When You Were Young" by The Killers "Won't Get Fooled Again" by The Who "Creep" by Radiohead "Nightmare" by Crooked X "Outside" by Tribe "Seven" by Vagiant ------------------------------ AC/DC Live Track Pack ------------------------------ "Back in Black (Live)" by AC/DC "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap (Live)" by AC/DC "Fire Your Guns (Live)" by AC/DC "For Those About to Rock (We Salute You) (Live)" by AC/DC "Heatseeker (Live)" by AC/DC "Hell Ain't a Bad Place to Be (Live)" by AC/DC "Hells Bells (Live)" by AC/DC "High Voltage (Live)" by AC/DC "Highway to Hell (Live)" by AC/DC "Let There Be Rock (Live)" by AC/DC "Moneytalks (Live)" by AC/DC "Shoot to Thrill (Live)" by AC/DC "T.N.T. (Live)" by AC/DC "The Jack (Live)" by AC/DC "Thunderstruck (Live)" by AC/DC "Whole Lotta Rosie (Live)" by AC/DC "You Shook Me All Night Long (Live)" by AC/DC "Jailbreak (Live)" by AC/DC ------------------------------ LEGO Rock Band Imported ------------------------------ "A-Punk" by Vampire Weekend "Accidentally In Love" by Counting Crows "Aliens Exist" by Blink-182 "We Are The Champions" by Queen "Breakout" by Foo Fighters "Check Yes Juliet" by We The Kings "Crash" by The Primitives "Crocodile Rock" by Elton John "Dig" by Incubus "Dreaming Of You" by The Coral "Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic" by The Police "Free Fallin'" by Tom Petty "Ghostbusters" by Ray Parker Jr. "Girls & Boys" by Good Charlotte "Fire" by The Jimi Hendrix Experience "Grace" by Supergrass "I Want You Back" by The Jackson 5 "In Too Deep" by Sum 41 "Monster" by The Automatic "Naïve" by The Kooks "Kung Fu Fighting" by Carl Douglas "Let's Dance" by David Bowie "Life Is A Highway" by Rascall Flatts "Make Me Smile (Come Up And See Me)" by Steve Harley "Real Wild Child" by Everlife "Ride A White Swan" by T. Rex "We Will Rock You" by Queen "Rooftops (A Liberation Broadcast)" by Lostprophets "Short And Sweet" by Spinal Tap "Song 2" by Blur "Ruby" by Kaiser Chiefs "Stumble And Fall" by Razorlight "Suddenly I See" by KT Turnstall "Summer Of '69" by Bryan Adams "Swing, Swing" by The All-American Rejects "So What" by Pink "The Final Countdown" by Europe "The Passenger" by Iggy Pop "Thunder" by Boys Like Girls "Tick Tick Boom" by The Hives "Valerie" by The Zutons "Walking On Sunshine" by Katrina & The Waves "Word Up!" by KoRn "You Give Love A Bad Name" by Bon Jovi "Two Princes" by Spin Doctors ------------------------------ Green Day: Rock Band Imported ------------------------------ "21st Century Breakdown" by Green Day "American Eulogy" by Green Day "American Idiot" by Green Day "Are We the Waiting/St. Jimmy" by Green Day "Basket Case" by Green Day "Before the Lobotomy" by Green Day "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" by Green Day "Brain Stew/Jaded" by Green Day "Burnout" by Green Day "Chump" by Green Day "Coming Clean" by Green Day "Emenius Sleepus" by Green Day "Extraordinary Girl" by Green Day "F.O.D." by Green Day "Geek Stink Breath" by Green Day "Give Me Novacaine/She's a Rebel" by Green Day "Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)" by Green Day "Having a Blast" by Green Day "Hitchin' a Ride" by Green Day "Holiday" by Green Day "Homecoming" by Green Day "Horseshoes and Handgrenades" by Green Day "Jesus of Suburbia" by Green Day "Last Night On Earth" by Green Day "Letterbomb" by Green Day "Longview" by Green Day "Minority" by Green Day "Murder City" by Green Day "Nice Guys Finish Last" by Green Day "Peacemaker" by Green Day "Pulling Teeth" by Green Day "Restless Heart Syndrome" by Green Day "Sassafras Roots" by Green Day "See the Light" by Green Day "Song of the Century" by Green Day "The Static Age" by Green Day "¿Viva la Gloria? (Little Girl)" by Green Day "Wake Me Up When September Ends" by Green Day "Warning" by Green Day "Welcome to Paradise" by Green Day "Whatsername" by Green Day "When I Come Around" by Green Day "In The End" by Green Day "She" by Green Day ------------------------------ Rock Band Blitz Soundtrack ------------------------------ "Always" by Blink-182 "Bang Your Head (Metal Health)" by Quiet Riot "Cult of Personality" by Living Colour "Death On Two Legs (Dedicated to...)" by Queen "Diamond Eyes (Boom-Lay Boom-Lay Boom)" by Shinedown "Give It Away" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Jungle Boogie" by Kool & the Gang "Kids in the Street" by All-American Rejects "A Little Less Sixteen Candles, a Little More..." by Fall Out Boy "Moves Like Jagger" by Maroon 5 ft. Christina Aguilera "Once Bitten Twice Shy" by Great White "One Week" by Barenaked Ladies "Pumped Up Kicks" by Foster the People "Shine" by Collective Soul "Spoonman" by Soundgarden "Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)" by Kelly Clarkson "The Wicker Man" by Iron Maiden "I'm Still Standing" by Elton John "Jessie's Girl" by Rick Springfield "Raise Your Glass" by P!nk "We Are Young" by Fun. ft. Janelle Monae "Shout" by Tears for Fears "Sing" by My Chemical Romance "So Far Away" by Avenged Sevenfold "These Days" by Foo Fighters ------------------------------ Downloaded Songs - Rock Band 3 ------------------------------ "(I Just) Died In Your Arms" by Cutting Crew "2112" by Rush "2112: Discovery, Presentation" by Rush "2112: Oracle: The Dream, Soliloquy, Grand Finale" by Rush "2112: Overture, The Temples Of Syrinx" by Rush "5 Minutes Alone" by Pantera "867-5309/Jenny" by Tommy Tutone "A Little Respect" by Erasure "A Tout Le Monde" by Megadeth "A Warrior's Call" by Volbeat "A Whiter Shade of Pale" by Procol Harum "Adolescents" by Incubus "Aerials" by System Of A Down "Airplanes" by B.o.B. (featuring Hayley Williams) "All Along The Watchtower" by The Jimi Hendrix Experience "All Apologies" by Nirvana "All I Wanna Do" by Sheryl Crow "Alone" by Heart "Alright (RB3 version)" by Darius Rucker "Amaranth" by Nightwish "Amber" by 311 "American Pie" by Don McLean "Animal (Live)" by Def Leppard "Animal I Have Become" by Three Days Grace "Animals" by Nickelback "Ants Marching" by Dave Matthews Band "Appetite" by The Gracious Few "Audience Of One" by Rise Against "Back To The Shack" by Weezer "Don't Feel Like That Anymore" by Johnny Cooper "Freakshow" by HourCast "I Still Believe" by Frank Turner "Rize Of The Fenix" by Tenacious D "Shepherd Of Fire" by Avenged Sevenfold "Away" by Toadies "Awful Beautiful Life (RB3 version)" by Darryl Worley "Back In The Saddle" by Aerosmith "Backwoods (RB3 version)" by Justin Moore "Bad Medicine" by Bon Jovi "Band on the Run" by Paul McCartney & Wings "Bark At The Moon" by Ozzy Osbourne "Barracuda" by Heart "Beautiful Disaster" by 311 "Before He Cheats" by Carrie Underwood "Bend Down Low" by Bob Marley And The Wailers "Bent" by Matchbox Twenty "Bicycle Race" by Queen "Footloose" by Kenny Loggins "Big Bang Baby" by Stone Temple Pilots "Big Shot" by Billy Joel "Billionaire" by Travie McCoy (Ft. Bruno Mars) "Black Magic Woman" by Santana "Blaze of Glory" by Bon Jovi "Blood And Thunder" by Mastodon "Blow Up The Outside World" by Soundgarden "Blue Bayou" by Roy Orbison "Blue Jean" by David Bowie "Blue Monday" by New Order "Blurry" by Puddle Of Mudd "Bombtrack" by Rage Against The Name "Boom" by P.O.D. "Born This Way" by Lady Gaga "Brand New Cadillac" by The Clash "Breaking" by Anberlin "Breaking The Habit" by Linkin Park "Breath" by Breaking Benjamin "Brick By Boring Brick" by Paramore "Bringin' On The Heartbreak" by Def Leppard "Bully" by Shinedown "Burden In My Hand" by Soundgarden "Burn It Down" by Linkin Park "Burnin' And Lootin'" by Bob Marley And The Wailers "Burning Down the House" by Talking Heads "By The Way" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Californication" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Call Me Maybe" by Carly Rae Jepsen "Can't Get Enough" by Bad Company "Captain Jack" by Billy Joel "Caravan" by Rush "Child in Time" by Deep Purple "Cities in Dust" by Siouxsie and The Banshees "Clampdown" by The Clash "Clocks" by Coldplay "Cold" by Crossfade "Angel" by The Jimi Hendrix Experience "Comedown" by Bush "Coming In From The Cold" by Bob Marley And The Wailers "Cowboy Casanova" by Carrie Underwood "Crawling" by Linkin Park "Crawling Back To You" by Daughtry "Crawling In The Dark" by Hoobastank "Crazy Town (RB3 version)" by Jason Aldean "Crippled Inside" by John Lennon "Cry Thunder" by Dragonforce "Cry, Cry, Cry" by Johnny Cash "Curl Of The Burl" by Mastodon "Dame Aire" by Skizoo "Dance, Dance" by Fall Out Boy "Death Or Glory" by The Clash "Diary Of A Madman" by Ozzy Osbourne "Dis-Moi" by BB Brunes "Do You Believe In Love" by Huey Lewis And The News "Do You Feel Like We Do (Live)" by Peter Frampton "Do You Really Want To Hurt Me" by Culture Club "Dog Days Are Over" by Florence + The Machine "Dolly Dagger" by Jimi Hendrix "Come On Eileen (Save Ferris)" by Save Ferris "Don't Stop Me Now" by Queen "Don't Take Your Guns to Town" by Johnny Cash "Don't You Want Me" by The Human League "Down Under" by Men at Work "Dream Baby" by Roy Orbison "Dream On (Live)" by Aerosmith "Dream Police" by Cheap Trick "Drive" by Incubus "Drops Of Jupiter" by Train "Edge Of Seventeen (Just Like The White Winged Dove)" by Stevie Nicks "Every Breath You Take" by The Police "Every Rose Has Its Thorn" by Poison "Every Teardrop Is A Waterfall" by Coldplay "Everybody Wants You" by Billy Squier "Everything Zen" by Bush "Face To The Floor" by Chevelle "Glory Of Love" by Peter Cetera "Got You (Where I Want You)" by The Flys "Its Been Awhile" by Staind "Keep On Loving You" by REO Speedwagon "Love Hurts" by Nazareth "More Than Words" by Extreme "Falling Away From Me" by Korn "Fame" by David Bowie "Fantasma" by Linea 77 "Fat Lip" by Sum 41 "Fell On Black Days" by Soundgarden "Fire And Ice" by Pat Benatar "Fireflies" by Owl City "Five Feet High and Rising" by Johnny Cash "Fix You" by Coldplay "Flight Of Icarus" by Iron Maiden "Fly By Night" by Rush "Flying High Again" by Ozzy Osbourne "Folsom Prison Blues" by Johnny Cash "For What It's Worth" by Buffalo Springfield "Four Horsemen" by The Clash "Frankenstein" by The Edgar Winter Group "Freak On A Leash" by Korn "Free Ride" by The Edgar Winter Group "Freedom" by Jimi Hendrix "Freeze Frame" by The J. Geils Band "From Out Of Nowhere" by Faith No More "Funhouse" by P!nk "Get The Party Started" by P!nk "Ghost Of Perdition" by Opeth "Giddy On Up (RB3 version)" by Laura Bell Bundy "Gimme Some Truth" by John Lennon "Gold Cobra" by Limp Bizkit "Gold Dust Woman" by Fleetwood Mac "Gonzo" by All-American Rejects "Good Girl" by Carrie Underwood "Grenade" by Bruno Mars "Gypsy Eyes" by The Jimi Hendrix Experience "Hammer to Fall" by Queen "Happy Xmas (War is Over)" by John & Yoko, The Plastic Ono Band "Hard Rock Hallelujah" by Lordi "Hash Pipe" by Weezer "Hateful" by The Clash "Have a Nice Day" by Bon Jovi "Have You Ever Seen The Rain?" by Credence Clearwater Revival "Head Like A Hole" by Nine Inch Nails "Head Over Heels" by Tears for Fears "Heart Of The Sunrise" by Yes "Heart-Shaped Box" by Nirvana "Helen Wheels" by Paul McCartney & Wings "Helena" by My Chemical Romance "Helena Beat" by Foster The People "Hello, I Love You" by The Doors "Help Is On The Way" by Rise Against "Here Without You" by 3 Doors Down "Higher Ground" by Stevie Wonder "Hold On Loosely" by 38 Special "Hot Blooded" by Foreigner "How Do You Sleep?" by John Lennon "How You Remind Me" by Nickelback "How?" by John Lennon "Hypnotize" by System Of A Down "I Alone" by Live "I Believe In A Thing Called Love" by The Darkness "I Can't Go For That (No Can Do)" by Hall & Oates "I Don't Know" by Ozzy Osbourne "I Don't Wanna Be A Soldier Mama" by John Lennon "I Go To Extremes" by Billy Joel "I Got Stripes" by Johnny Cash "I Hate Everything About You" by Three Days Grace "I Melt With You" by Modern English "I Ran (So Far Away)" by Flock Of Seagulls "I Want To Know What Love Is" by Foreigner "If You Leave Me Now" by Chicago "Jessica" by The Allman Brothers Band "Legendary Child" by Aerosmith "Lonely Boy" by The Black Keys "Love Shack" by The B-52's "Lover Alot" by Aerosmith "Make Me Smile" by Chicago "Mercy" by Dave Matthews Band "My Body" by Young The Giant "New Divide" by Linkin Park "No Surprise" by Daughtry "Not Again" by Staind "Oh Love" by Green Day "R U Mine?" by Arctic Monkeys "Rosanna" by Toto "Send The Pain Below" by Chevelle "Something From Nothing" by Foo Fighters "The Red" by Chevelle "Weird Science" by Oingo Boingo "I Walk the Line" by Johnny Cash "I Want A New Drug" by Huey Lewis And The News "I Want It All (RB3 version)" by Queen "I Want To Break Free (RB3 version)" by Queen "I Want You To Want Me (Live)" by Cheap Trick "I Will Possess Your Heart" by Death Cab For Cutie "I Wish" by Stevie Wonder "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" by Panic At The Disco "I'll Be There for You" by Bon Jovi "I'm Broken" by Pantera "I'm Not Down" by The Clash "I've Seen All Good People" by Yes "If Today Was Your Last Day" by Nickelback "Closer" by Nine Inch Nails "Ignorance" by Paramore "Im In Love With My Car" by Queen "In My Head" by Queens Of The Stone Age "In Waves" by Trivium "Infinite Dreams" by Iron Maiden "Intentional Heartache (RB3 version)" by Dwight Yoakam "Invincible" by Pat Benatar "Island In The Sun" by Weezer "It's So Hard" by John Lennon "It's Still Rock and Roll To Me" by Billy Joel "Jealous Guy" by John Lennon "Jerk It Out" by Caesars "Jimmy Jazz" by The Clash "Jive Talkin'" by Bee Gees "Just The Way You Are" by Bruno Mars "Kaya" by Bob Marley And The Wailers "Keep Yourself Alive" by Queen "Killer Queen (RB3 version)" by Queen "Killing In The Name" by Rage Against The Name "King Of Rock" by Run-DMC "Kiss A Girl (RB3 version)" by Keith Urban "Koka Kola" by The Clash "L.A. Woman" by The Doors "Landslide" by Fleetwood Mac "Lay Your Hands On Me" by Bon Jovi "Control" by Puddle Of Mudd "Left Behind" by Slipknot "Let Me Roll It" by Paul McCartney & Wings "Light My Fire" by The Doors "Lightning Crashes" by Live "Lithium" by Evanescence "Lively Up Yourself" by Bob Marley And The Wailers "Livin' on a Prayer (RB3 version)" by Bon Jovi "Living Dead Girl" by Rob Zombie "Living For the City" by Stevie Wonder "Lodi" by Credence Clearwater Revival "London Calling" by The Clash "Long Away" by Queen "Long Hot Summer Night" by The Jimi Hendrix Experience "Long Road To Ruin" by Foo Fighters "Look Around" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Lost In The Supermarket" by The Clash "Love Her Madly" by The Doors "Love Is A Battlefield" by Pat Benatar "Love Me Two Times" by The Doors "Love Rollercoaster" by Ohio Players "Love Will Tear Us Apart" by Joy Division "LoveGame" by Lady Gaga "Machinehead" by Bush "Made of Scars" by Stone Sour "Make Some Noise" by Beastie Boys "Mama Tried (RB3 version)" by Merle Haggard "Mama, I'm Coming Home" by Ozzy Osbourne "Man Of Me (RB3 version)" by Gary Allan "Man On The Moon" by R.E.M. "Maneater" by Hall & Oates "Marry You" by Bruno Mars "Maybe I'm Amazed" by Paul McCartney "Me And Bobby McGee" by Janis Joplin And The Full Tilt Boogie Band "Miami 2017 (Seen the Lights Go Out On Broadway)" by Billy Joel "Misery" by Maroon 5 "Modern Love" by David Bowie "Monarchy Of Roses" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Mouth For War" by Pantera "Movin' Out (Anthony's Song)" by Billy Joel "Mr. Crowley" by Ozzy Osbourne "Must Have Done Something Right" by Reliant K "My Life" by Billy Joel "My Own Summer (Shove It)" by Deftones "My Way" by Limp Bizkit "Need You Now" by Lady Antebellum "Never Gonna Give You Up" by Rick Astley "Never Let Me Down Again" by Depeche Mode "Night Fever" by Bee Gees "Nights on Broadway" by Bee Gees "No More Trouble" by Bob Marley And The Wailers "Days Go By" by The Offspring "No Sleep Till Brooklyn" by Beastie Boys "Nookie" by Limp Bizkit "Nothin' But A Good Time" by Poison "Now I'm Here" by Queen "Numb" by Linkin Park "Nur ein Wort" by Wir sind Helden "Obsession" by Animotion "Oh My Love" by John Lennon "Oh Yoko!" by John Lennon "On The Backs Of Angels" by Dream Theater "One Vision (RB3 version)" by Queen "Only One" by Yellowcard "Only the Good Die Young" by Billy Joel "Only The Lonely (Know The Way I Feel)" by Roy Orbison "Open My Eyes" by Inhabited "Operation Ground And Pound" by Dragonforce "Otherside" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Outshined" by Soundgarden "Over The Mountain" by Ozzy Osbourne "Overkill" by Men at Work "Owner Of A Lonely Heart" by Yes "Panic" by Sublime With Rome "Paparazzi" by Lady Gaga "Paradise By The Dashboard Light" by Meat Loaf "Parallel Universe" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Down" by 311 "Pardon Me" by Incubus "Party For Two (RB3 version)" by Shania Twain (With Billy Currington) "Party Hard" by Andrew W.K. "Peace Frog" by The Doors "People Are Strange" by The Doors "Perfect Day (RB3 version)" by Lady Antebellum "Perfect Situation" by Weezer "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Mode "Peut-Être une Angine" by Anaïs "Phantom Of The Opera" by Iron Maiden "Piano Man" by Billy Joel "Play the Game" by Queen "Policy Of Truth" by Depeche Mode "Possum Kingdom" by Toadies "Pour Some Sugar On Me (Live)" by Def Leppard "Power And The Passion" by Midnight Oil "Prelude / Angry Young Man" by Billy Joel "Pressure (Paramore)" by Paramore "Private Eyes" by Hall & Oates "Proibito" by Litfiba "Promises In The Dark" by Pat Benatar "Public Enemy No. 1" by Megadeth "Dreams" by Fleetwood Mac "Pulse Of The Maggots" by Slipknot "Radio Ga Ga" by Queen "Rain Is A Good Thing (RB3 version)" by Luke Bryan "Raining Blood" by Slayer "Rape Me" by Nirvana "Re-Arranged" by Limp Bizkit "Rebel Love Song" by Black Veil Brides "Relax (Come Fighting)" by Frankie Goes To Hollywood "Revolution Rock" by The Clash "Rhiannon" by Fleetwood Mac "Riders on the Storm" by The Doors "Rime Of The Ancient Mariner" by Iron Maiden "Ring Of Fire (Johnny Cash RB3 Version)" by Johnny Cash "Roadhouse Blues" by The Doors "Rock And Roll All Nite (Live)" by KISS "Rock Of Ages" by Def Leppard "Rock The Casbah" by The Clash "Rope" by Foo Fighters "Rudie Can't Fail" by The Clash "Runaway" by Bon Jovi "Rusty Cage" by Soundgarden "Sanctified" by Nine Inch Nails "Santa Monica" by Everclear "Santeria" by Sublime "Satellite" by Rise Against "Saturday Night Special" by Lynyrd Skynyrd "Say Goodbye To Hollywood" by Billy Joel "Say You'll Haunt Me" by Stone Sour "Scar Tissue" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Scenes From an Italian Restaurant" by Billy Joel "Scream Aim Fire" by Bullet For My Valentine "Seasons In The Abyss" by Slayer "Second Chance" by Shinedown "Settlin' (RB3 version)" by Sugarland "Seven Seas Of Rhye" by Queen "Seventh Son Of A Seventh Son" by Iron Maiden "Sex And Candy" by Marcy Playground "Shadow Of The Day" by Linkin Park "Shadows Of The Night" by Pat Benatar "She Hates Me" by Puddle Of Mudd "She Talks To Angels" by The Black Crowes "She's Always a Woman" by Billy Joel "Shelter Me" by Cinderella "Fire" by Ohio Players "Shooting The Moon" by OK Go "Sideways (RB3 version)" by Dierks Bentley "Silent Lucidity" by Queensrÿche "Single White Female (RB3 version)" by Chely Wright "Sir Duke" by Stevie Wonder "Small Axe" by Bob Marley And The Wailers "Smooth" by Santana "Snuff" by Slipknot "So Lonely" by The Police "So Much To Say" by Dave Matthews Band "Sober" by P!nk "Someday" by Nickelback "Sometimes Salvation" by The Black Crowes "Somewhere I Belong" by Linkin Park "Sooner Or Later" by Breaking Benjamin "Soul Kitchen" by The Doors "South of Heaven" by Slayer "South Side Of The Sky" by Yes "Spanish Bombs" by The Clash "Forever" by Papa Roach "Spill The Wine" by WAR "Spinning Wheel" by Blood, Sweat & Tears "Stacked Actors" by Foo Fighters "Stand Back" by Stevie Nicks "Starship Trooper" by Yes "Starting Over" by Killswitch Engage "Starting to Appreciate" by Tutankamon "Stash" by Phish "Stay Together For The Kids" by Blink 182 "Stayin' Alive" by Bee Gees "Steal Away (The Night)" by Ozzy Osbourne "Stereo Hearts" by Gym Class Heroes (Ft. Adam Levine) "Still Of The Night" by Whitesnake "Still Waiting" by Sum 41 "Stone Cold Crazy" by Queen "Stop Draggin' My Heart Around" by Stevie Nicks "Strutter (Live)" by KISS "Subdivisions" by Rush "Sugar, We're Goin' Down" by Fall Out Boy "Summer Nights (RB3 version)" by Rascal Flatts "Super Bad, Pts. 1 & 2" by James Brown "Super-Charger Heaven" by White Zombie "Superstition" by Stevie Wonder "Surrender (Live)" by Cheap Trick "Susie Q" by Credence Clearwater Revival "Sweet Emotion" by Aerosmith "Sweet Home Alabama (Live)" by Lynyrd Skynyrd "Symphony Of Destruction" by Megadeth "Tainted Love" by Soft Cell "Take On Me" by A-ha "Talk Dirty To Me" by Poison "Teen Angst (What The World Needs Now)" by Cracker "Teenagers" by My Chemical Romance "Tell Me Something Good" by Rufus (feat. Chaka Khan) "Tenement Funster" by Queen "Tennessee Flat Top Box" by Johnny Cash "Terrible Lie" by Nine Inch Nails "That's How Country Boys Roll (RB3 version)" by Billy Currington "The Adventure" by Angels & Airwaves "The Adventures Of Rain Dance Maggie" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "The Anthem" by Good Charlotte "The Arms Of Sorrow" by Killswitch Engage "The Ballad of Ira Hayes" by Johnny Cash "The Bitch Is Back" by Elton John "The Card Cheat" by The Clash "The Crow & The Butterfly" by Shinedown "The Crystal Ship" by The Doors "The Day I Tried To Live" by Soundgarden "The End Of Heartache" by Killswitch Engage "The Entertainer" by Billy Joel "The Good Left Undone" by Rise Against "The Good Life" by Three Days Grace "The Guns Of Brixton" by The Clash "The Heart Of Rock & Roll" by Huey Lewis And The News "The Loco-Motion" by Grand Funk Railroad "The Night The Lights Went Out In Georgia (RB3 version)" by Reba McEntire "The Only Exception" by Paramore "The Only Time" by Nine Inch Nails "The Party Song" by Blink 182 "The Prisoner" by Iron Maiden "The Right Profile" by The Clash "The Scientist" by Coldplay "The Show Must Go On" by Queen "The Spirit Of Radio (Live)" by Rush "The Stranger" by Billy Joel "The Stroke" by Billy Squier "The Thrill Is Gone" by B.B. King "The Weight (Live)" by The Band "Them Belly Full (But We Hungry)" by Bob Marley And The Wailers "This Love" by Maroon 5 "This Means War" by Nickelback "Thnks fr th Mmrs" by Fall Out Boy "Through Glass" by Stone Sour "Through The Fire And Flames" by Dragonforce "Thunder Kiss '65" by White Zombie "Tighten Up" by The Black Keys "To Be With You" by Mr. Big "Tonight Tonight" by Hot Chelle Rae "Total Eclipse of the Heart" by Bonnie Tyler "Touch Me" by The Doors "Tragedy" by Bee Gees "Tubthumping" by Chumbawamba "Tuesday's Gone" by Lynyrd Skynyrd "Turning Japanese" by The Vapors "TWANG (RB3 version)" by George Strait "Tweezer" by Phish "Two Tickets to Paradise" by Eddie Money "Tyler" by Toadies "Unbelievable" by EMF "Undefeated" by Def Leppard "Under Cover Of Darkness" by The Strokes "Under Pressure (RB3 version)" by Queen "Unholy Confessions" by Avenged Sevenfold "Unskinny Bop" by Poison "Until The End" by Breaking Benjamin "Up All Night" by Blink 182 "Urgent" by Foreigner "Verdamp Lang Her" by BAP "Viva La Vida" by Coldplay "Voodoo Child (Slight Return) (Live)" by Jimi Hendrix "Happy?" by Mudvayne "Wait And Bleed" by Slipknot "Waiting For A Girl Like You" by Foreigner "Waiting for the End" by Linkin Park "Walk This Way" by Aerosmith "Wanted Dead or Alive (RB3 version)" by Bon Jovi "We Are the Champions (RB3 version)" by Queen "We Belong" by Pat Benatar "We Built This City" by Starship "We Didn't Start the Fire" by Billy Joel "We Weren't Born to Follow" by Bon Jovi "We Will Rock You (RB3 version)" by Queen "We're An American Band" by Grand Funk Railroad "Welcome To The Family" by Avenged Sevenfold "What I Got" by Sublime "What I've Done" by Linkin Park "What You Want" by Evanescence "What's Your Name?" by Lynyrd Skynyrd "When I'm Gone" by 3 Doors Down "When You're Young" by 3 Doors Down "Who Says You Can't Go Home" by Bon Jovi "Wish You Were Here" by Incubus "Won't Go Home Without You" by Maroon 5 "Working For The Weekend" by Loverboy "Wrong 'Em Boyo" by The Clash "Wrong Way" by Sublime "Yellow" by Coldplay "You Give Love a Bad Name (RB3 version)" by Bon Jovi "You Know You're Right" by Nirvana "You Make Me Feel..." by Cobra Starship (Ft. Sabi) "You May Be Right" by Billy Joel "You Should Be Dancing" by Bee Gees "You're My Best Friend" by Queen "Young Americans" by David Bowie "Your Betrayal" by Bullet For My Valentine "Youth Of The Nation" by P.O.D. 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Pearl Jam "May This Be Love" by Jimi Hendrix "Me and My Gang" by Rascal Flatts "Mean Woman Blues" by Roy Orbison "Meaning of Life" by Disturbed "Meant to Live" by Switchfoot "Medicate" by AFI "Megasus" by Megasus "Melatonin" by Silversun Pickups "Mellowship Slinky in B Major" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Nightmare" by Avenged Sevenfold "Message In A Bottle" by The Police "Metal Gods (Live)" by Judas Priest "Metal on Metal" by Anvil "Metal Thrashing Mad (Live)" by Anthrax "Mica" by Mission Of Burma "Midnight Rider" by Allman Bros "Minerva" by Deftones "Miss Independent" by Kelly Clarkson "Miss Murder" by AFI "Molly's Chambers" by Kings of Leon "Monkey Gone To Heaven" by Pixies "Monkey Wrench" by Foo Fighters "Monsoon" by Tokio Hotel "Mony Mony" by Billy Idol "Moonage Daydream" by David Bowie "More Human Than Human" by White Zombie "More Than A Feeling" by Boston "More Than Meets the Eye" by Testament "Mountain Man" by Crash Kings "Move Along" by All-American Rejects "Moving in Stereo" by The Cars "Moving to Seattle" by The Material "Mr. Brightside" by The Killers "Mr. Cab Driver" by Lenny Kravitz "Mr. Grieves" by Pixies "Mud on the Tires" by Brad Paisley "My Best Friend's Girl" by The Cars "My Best Theory" by Jimmy Eat World "My Curse" by Killswitch Engage "My Generation (Live at Leeds)" by The Who "My Hero" by Foo Fighters "My Iron Lung" by Radiohead "My Last Words" by Megadeth "My Lovely Man" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "My Name is Jonas" by Weezer "My Old School" by Steely Dan "My Poor Brain" by Foo Fighters "My Sharona" by The Knack "N.I.B." by Black Sabbath "Naked Eye" by Luscious Jackson "Naked in the Rain" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Natural Disaster" by Plain White T's "Nearly Lost You" by Screaming Trees "Never Again" by Nickleback "New" by No Doubt "New Dark Ages" by Bad Religion "New Fang" by Them Crooked Vultures "Outer Space" by Ace Frehley "New Moon Rising" by Wolfmother "New Slang" by The Shins "New Wave" by Pleymo "New Way Home" by Foo Fighters "Nightwatchman (Live)" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "Nirvana" by Juliana Hatfield "No Control" by Bad Religion "No Excuses" by Alice In Chains "No Fun" by The Stooges "I'm Eighteen (Live)" by Alice Cooper "No Hassle Night" by The Dead Weather "No More Tears" by Ozzy Osbourne "No Rain" by Blind Melon "No Regrets" by Authority Zero "Pain" by Jimmy Eat World "No Time" by The Guess Who "No Woman No Cry" by Bob Marley "No. 13 Baby" by Pixies "Ocean Avenue" by Yellowcard "Ocean Size" by Jane's Addiction "Oceans" by Pearl Jam "Ode to Solitude" by HIM "Oh Yeah" by The Subways "Oh, Pretty Woman" by Roy Orbison "On a Plain" by Nirvana "On the Road Again" by Willie Nelson "Once" by Pearl Jam "Once In A Lifetime" by Talking Heads "One Love/People Get Ready" by Bob Marley "One Rainy Wish" by Jimi Hendrix "One Vision" by Queen "Only a Memory" by The Smithereens "Ooby Dooby" by Roy Orbison "Opening Band" by Paul & Storm "Orange Amber" by The Vines "Origin of Species" by MC Frontalot "Our Lips Are Sealed" by Go-Gos "Photograph" by Nickleback "Out Here All Night" by Damone "Out of Line" by Buckcherry "Outtathaway" by The Vines "Pain And Pleasure" by Judas Priest "Panic Switch" by Silversun Pickups "Parasite (Live)" by KISS "Party For Two" by Shania Twain "Peek-a-Boo" by Siouxsie & The Banshees "People Got a Lotta Nerve" by Neko Case "Perfect Day" by Lady Antebellum "Perfect Insanity" by Disturbed "Perfekte Welle" by Juli "Pick Me Up" by Dinosaur Jr. "Pick Up the Pieces" by Average White Band "Piece of My Heart" by Janis Joplin "Pig's in Zen" by Jane's Addiction "Pilgrim" by Wolfmother "Point of Know Return (Live)" by Kansas "Poison" by Alice Cooper "Poison Was the Cure" by Megadeth "Poker Face" by Lady Gaga "Police Truck" by Dead Kennedys "Polly" by Nirvana "Porch" by Pearl Jam "Pork and Beans" by Weezer "Powerslave" by Iron Maiden "Prayer of the Refugee" by Rise Against "Precious" by The Pretenders "Prequel to the Sequel" by Between the Buried and Me "Pretty Fly (For a White Guy)" by Offspring "Pretty In Pink" by The Psychedelic Furs "Pretty Noose" by Soundgarden "Pride and Joy" by Stevie Ray Vaughan "Promised Land" by Vesuvius "Prophecy (Live)" by Judas Priest "Prostitute" by Guns N' Roses "Proud Mary" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Psychosocial" by Slipknot "Purple Haze" by Jimi Hendrix "Push It" by Static-X "Queen Bitch" by David Bowie "Radio Free Europe" by R.E.M. "Radio Radio" by Elvis Costello "Rain Is A Good Thing" by Luke Bryan "Rapid Fire (Live)" by Judas Priest "Rapture" by Blondie "Rattlesnake Shake" by Mötley Crüe "Re-Education (Through Labor)" by Rise Against "Re-Hash" by Gorillaz "Re: Your Brains" by Jonathan Coulton "Ready, Set, Go" by Tokio Hotel "Real Good Looking Boy" by The Who "Real World" by All-American Rejects "Rebel Yell" by Billy Idol "Rebound" by Laura Bell Bundy "Red Barchetta" by Rush "Red Devil" by Yngwie Malmsteen's Rising Force "Ride" by The Vines "Red Tandy" by The Mother Hips "Redemption Song" by Bob Marley "Refugee (live)" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "Reinventing Your Exit" by Underoath "Release" by Pearl Jam "Renegade" by Styx "Ride" by Trace Adkins "Rescue Me" by Buckcherry "Riad N' the Bedouins" by Guns N' Roses "Ride The Lightning" by Metallica "Ridin' In My Chevy" by Snoop Dogg "Ridin' the Hook" by SpongeBob SquarePants "Riding on the Wind" by Judas Priest "Riding the Storm Out" by REO Speedwagon "Rio" by Duran Duran "Roam" by The B-52's "Rock & Roll Queen" by The Subways "Rock 'n' Roll Creation" by Spinal Tap "Ring Of Fire" by Johnny Cash "Rock 'n' Roll Dream" by Crooked X "Rock 'n' Roll High School" by The Ramones "Rock 'n' Roll Nightmare" by Spinal Tap "Ring Of Fire" by Social Distortion "Rock and Roll Band" by Boston "Rock Band Network Megamix 01" by Various Artists "Rock Me" by Liz Phair "Rock Ready" by Crown of Thorns "Rock Rebellion" by Bang Camaro "Rock Your Socks" by Tenacious D "Rockaway Beach" by Ramones "Rockstar" by Nickleback "Roll with the Changes" by REO Speedwagon "Rooster" by Alice In Chains "Roxanne" by The Police "Ruby Soho" by Rancid "Rude Mood" by Stevie Ray Vaughan "Run Through the Jungle" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Run to the Hills (Original Version)" by Iron Maiden "Runnin' Down a Dream" by Tom Petty "Runnin' Wild" by Airbourne "Running" by No Doubt "Rust in Peace... Polaris" by Megadeth "Saints of Los Angeles" by Mötley Crüe "Salute Your Solution" by The Raconteurs "Same Ol' Situation (S.O.S.)" by Mötley Crüe "Satch Boogie" by Joe Satriani "Satellite Radio" by Steve Earle "Satisfy My Soul" by Bob Marley "Saturday Morning" by Eels "Saucy Jack" by Spinal Tap "Savior" by Rise Against "Scarlet Begonias" by Grateful Dead "School" by Nirvana "School's Out (Live)" by Alice Cooper "Science Genius Girl" by Freezepop "Scraped" by Guns N' Roses "Scream" by Avenged Sevenfold "Screaming For Vengeance" by Judas Priest "Sea and Sand" by The Who "Seasons" by The Veer Union "See You" by Foo Fighters "See You Again" by Miley Cyrus "Seize the Day" by Avenged Sevenfold "Self Esteem" by Offspring "Sensual Seduction" by Snoop Dogg "Settlin'" by Sugarland "Seven Nation Army" by The White Stripes "Sex on Fire" by Kings of Leon "Sex Type Thing" by Stone Temple Pilots "Shake" by Count Zero "She Does" by Locksley "She Goes Down" by Mötley Crüe "She Sells Sanctuary" by The Cult "She Thinks My Tractor's Sexy" by Kenny Chesney "She's a Genius" by Jet "She's a Handsome Woman" by Panic! At the Disco "She's a Hottie" by Toby Keith "She's Country" by Jason Aldean "She's Fetching" by Big Dipper "She's Not There" by The Zombies "She's So Fine" by Jimi Hendrix "Shhh...." by The Darkest of the Hillside Thickets "Shimmer & Shine" by Ben Harper and Relentless7 "Shining Star" by Earth Wind & Fire "Shockwave" by Black Tide "Shoot the Runner" by Kasabian "Should've Been a Cowboy" by Toby Keith "Show Me the Way" by Black Tide "Sick, Sick, Sick" by Queens of the Stone Age "Sideways" by Dierks Bentley "Silver" by Pixies "Simple Kind of Life" by No Doubt "Simple Man" by Lynyrd Skynyrd "Sin Wagon" by Dixie Chicks "Sing the Changes (Live)" by Paul McCartney "Single White Female" by Chely Wright "Sins of My Youth" by Neon Trees "Sir Psycho Sexy" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Sister Europe" by The Psychedelic Furs "Siva" by Smashing Pumpkins "Sixteen" by No Doubt "Skullcrusher Mountain" by Jonathan Coulton "Sky is Over" by Serj Tankian "Sleepwalker" by Megadeth "Slice of Your Pie" by Mötley Crüe "Smash It Up (Part II)" by The Damned "Smells Like Teen Spirit" by Nirvana "Smile Like You Mean It" by The Killers "Smokin'" by Boston "Smooth Criminal" by Alien Ant Farm "Snoop's Upside Ya Head" by Snoop Dogg "Snow ((Hey Oh))" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "So Cold" by Breaking Benjamin "Something About You" by Boston "Something in the Way" by Nirvana "Song with a Mission" by The Sounds "Sons and Daughters" by The 88 "Sorrow" by Bad Religion "Sorry" by Guns N' Roses "Sort Of" by Silversun Pickups "Soul Sucker" by Ozzy Osbourne "Space Cowboy" by Steve Miller Band "Space Truckin'" by Deep Purple "Spaceman" by The Killers "Peace of Mind" by Boston "Spanish Castle Magic" by Jimi Hendrix "Speed Of Sound" by Pearl Jam "Spiderwebs" by No Doubt "Stand" by R.E.M. "Stand in the Rain" by Superchick "Stand Up and Shout" by Dio "Standing in the Shower... Thinking" by Jane's Addiction "Start All Over" by Miley Cyrus "State of Love and Trust (Live: Drop in the Park)" by Pearl Jam "Stay Away" by Nirvana "Steady at the Wheel" by Shooter Jennings "Steady, As She Goes" by The Raconteurs "Steeler (Live)" by Judas Priest "Sticky Sweet" by Mötley Crüe "Stigmata" by Ministry "Still Alive" by GlaD0s and Jonathan Coulton "Stir It Up" by Bob Marley "Stone Free" by Jimi Hendrix "Stonehenge" by Spinal Tap "Stop And Stare" by OneRepublic "Stop Start Again" by Hautewerk "Story of My Life" by Social Distortion "Straight Lines" by Silverchair "Strange Times" by The Black Keys "Stray Cat Strut" by Brian Setzer "Street of Dreams" by Guns N' Roses "Stricken" by Disturbed "Stupify" by Disturbed "Sturm & Drang" by KMFDM "Somebody To Love" by Queen "Suck My Kiss" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Suds In The Bucket" by Sara Evans "Sugar Magnolia" by Grateful Dead "Sugarbaby" by Morningwood "Suicide Note Pt. II" by Pantera "Sulfur" by Slipknot "Summer Nights" by Rascal Flatts "Summertime Blues (Live at Leeds)" by The Who "Summertime Rolls" by Jane's Addiction "Sun Hits the Sky" by Supergrass "Sunday Morning" by No Doubt "Sundial" by Wolfmother "Superbeast" by Rob Zombie "Superman" by R.E.M. "Supersonic" by Pearl Jam "Supersonic (Live)" by Oasis "Surfing with the Alien" by Joe Satriani "Swamped" by Lacuna Coil "Sweet Leaf" by Black Sabbath "Sweet Talk" by Dear and the Headlights "Sweetness" by Jimmy Eat World "Sweetness & Light" by Lush "Swing" by Trace Adkins "Synchronicity II" by The Police "Sprøde" by Freezepop "Take Back the City" by Snow Patrol "Take It on the Run" by REO Speedwagon "Take Me Out" by Franz Ferdinand "Take Me to the River" by Talking Heads "Take No Prisoners" by Megadeth "Take the Money and Run" by Steve Miller Band "Tame" by Pixies "Ted, Just Admit It..." by Jane's Addiction "Teenage Lobotomy" by The Ramones "Tell Her No" by The Zombies "Tell Me" by Stevie Ray Vaughan "Tell Me Baby" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Tempted" by Squeeze "Ten Speed (Of God's Blood And Burial)" by Coheed and Cambria "Territorial Pissings" by Nirvana "Texas Flood" by Stevie Ray Vaughan "Tha Shiznit" by Snoop Dogg "Thank You Boys" by Jane's Addiction "That's How Country Boys Roll" by Billy Currington "That's How I Escaped My Certain Fate" by Mission Of Burma "That's Tha Homie" by Snoop Dogg "That's When I Reach For My Revolver" by Mission Of Burma "The Animal" by Disturbed "The Banishment" by Prong "The Best Day Ever" by SpongeBob SquarePants "The Boys Are Back in Town (Live)" by Thin Lizzy "The Broken" by Coheed and Cambria "The Camera Eye" by Rush "The Clairvoyant" by Iron Maiden "The Climb" by No Doubt "The Collector" by Nine Inch Nails "The Conjuring" by Megadeth "The Diary of Jane" by Breaking Benjamin "The Dope Show" by Marilyn Manson "The Downfall of Us All" by A Day to Remember "Stop!" by Against Me! "The End" by Pearl Jam "The Feeling" by Kutless "The Fixer" by Pearl Jam "The Flood" by Escape the Fate "The Gambler" by Kenny Rogers "The Game" by Disturbed "The Great Escape" by Boys Like Girls "The Great Satan" by Ministry "The Great Southern Trendkill" by Pantera "The Greatest Man That Ever Lived" by Weezer "The Greeting Song" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "The Hellion/Electric Eye" by Judas Priest "The Hockey Theme" by Neil Peart "The Hungry Wolf" by X "The Joker" by Steve Miller Band "The Kids Aren't Alright" by Offspring "The Kill" by 30 Seconds to Mars "The Killing Jar" by Siouxsie and the Banshees "The Leaving Song, Pt II" by AFI "The Metal" by Tenacious D "The Night The Lights Went Out In Georgia" by Reba McEntire "The Number of the Beast" by Iron Maiden "The Number of the Beast (Original Version)" by Iron Maiden "The Perfect Crime # 2" by The Decemberists "The Perfect Drug" by Nine Inch Nails "The Power of Equality" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "The Pretender" by Foo Fighters "The Rage (Live)" by Judas Priest "The Righteous and the Wicked" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "The Rock Show" by Blink-182 "The Running Free" by Coheed and Cambria "The Taste of Ink" by The Used "The Time Is Wrong" by Tickle Me Pink "The Trooper" by Iron Maiden "The Underground in America" by Pantera "The Wagon" by Dinosaur Jr. "The Waiting (Live)" by Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers "The Way That It Shows" by Richard Thompson "The Who Super Bowl S-mashup" by The Who "The Wind Cries Mary" by Jimi Hendrix "There Goes My Gun" by Pixies "There Was a Time" by Guns N' Roses "There's No Other Way" by Blur "They Say" by Scars on Broadway "They're Red Hot" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Thieves" by Ministry "Third Floor Story" by The Mother Hips "This Afternoon" by Nickleback "This Ain't A Scene, It's An Arms Race" by Fallout Boy "This Calling" by All That Remains "This Charming Man" by The Smiths "This I Love" by Guns N' Roses "This Is a Call" by Foo Fighters "This Is Exile" by Whitechapel "This Is It" by Staind "This is Thirteen" by Anvil "This is War" by 30 Seconds to Mars "This One's For The Girls" by Martina McBride "Thrash Unreal" by Against Me! "Thrasher" by Evile "Three Little Birds" by Bob Marley "Through Being Cool" by Devo "Throwing Stones" by Grateful Dead "Testify" by Stevie Ray Vaughan "Thunderbirds Are Go!" by Busted "Tie You Down" by Shaimus "Tie Your Mother Down" by Queen "Time Bomb (Live)" by Old 97s "Time for Change" by Mötley Crüe "Time Is Running Out" by Papa Roach "Time-Sick Son of a Grizzly Bear" by The Mother Hips "Times Like These" by Foo Fighters "Tom Sawyer (Original Version)" by Rush "Tomorrow" by Silverchair "Tonight I'm Gonna Rock You Tonight" by Spinal Tap "Too Much Time on My Hands" by Styx "Tornado of Souls" by Megadeth "Touch of Grey" by Grateful Dead "Town Called Malice" by The Jam "Toxicity" by System Of A Down "Tragic Kingdom" by No Doubt "Train in Vain (Stand by Me)" by The Clash "Transmaniacon MC" by Blue Öyster Cult "Travelin' Band" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Treat Me Like Your Mother" by The Dead Weather "Tribute" by Tenacious D "Trippin' On A Hole in A Paper Heart" by Stone Temple Pilots "Trouble Comes Running" by Spoon "Troublemaker" by Weezer "Truckin'" by Grateful Dead "Truth Hits Everybody" by The Police "Tutto E' Possibile" by Finley "TWANG" by George Strait "Two Weeks" by All That Remains "Typical" by Mute Math "U Suck" by Just Kait "U.S. Blues" by Grateful Dead "Uncle John's Band" by Grateful Dead "Under My Wheels" by Alice Cooper "Under Pressure" by Queen "Under the Bridge" by Red Hot Chili Peppers "Underneath It All" by No Doubt "Undone - The Sweater Song" by Weezer "United (Live)" by Judas Priest "Unthought Known" by Pearl Jam "Up Around the Bend" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Up From the Skies" by Jimi Hendrix "Up in Arms" by Foo Fighters "Up the Beach" by Jane's Addiction "Use It" by The New Pornographers "Use Me" by Hinder "Valleys of Neptune" by Jimi Hendrix "Vengeance is Mine" by Alice Cooper "Vital Signs" by Rush "Voices" by Disturbed "Volcano" by Jimmy Buffett "Wait Until Tomorrow" by Jimi Hendrix "Waiting in Vain" by Bob Marley "Wake Up Call" by Maroon 5 "Wake Up Dead" by Megadeth "Waking the Demon" by Bullet for My Valentine "Walk Away" by The James Gang "Walk Like an Egyptian" by The Bangles "Walking After You" by Foo Fighters "Walking On the Moon" by The Police "War Nerve" by Pantera "War Pigs" by Black Sabbath "War Zone" by Rob Zombie "Warmer Than Hell" by Spinal Tap "Warriors of Time" by Black Tide "Wasted Again" by Turbonegro "Wasted Years" by Iron Maiden "We Care A Lot" by Faith No More "We Die Young" by Alice In Chains "Weapon Of Choice" by Black Rebel Motorcycle Club "Weight of the World" by Evanescence "Weightless" by All Time Low "Welcome to the Black Parade" by My Chemical Romance "Well Thought Out Twinkles" by Silversun Pickups "What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse" by Black Dahlia Murder "What Was I Thinkin'" by Dierks Bentley "What's It Feel Like to Be a Ghost?" by Taking Back Sunday "What's My Age Again" by Blink-182 "What's the Frequency, Kenneth?" by R.E.M. "Wheels" by Foo Fighters "Where's Gary?" by SpongeBob SquarePants "White Falcon Fuzz" by The Mother Hips "White Rabbit" by Jefferson Airplane "White Unicorn" by Wolfmother "Who Am I (What's My Name)?" by Snoop Dogg "These Days" by R.E.M. "Who Are You" by The Who "Who Knew" by P!nk "Who'll Stop the Rain" by Creedence Clearwater Revival "Who's Going Home with You Tonight?" by Trapt "Who's Your Daddy?" by Toby Keith "Why Do You Love Me" by Garbage "Why Go" by Pearl Jam "Wilson (Live)" by Phish "Wind Me Up" by Ghost Hounds "Wind Up" by Foo Fighters "Wings of a Butterfly" by HIM "Witch Hunt (Part III of Fear)" by Rush "Without You" by Mötley Crüe "Wolf Like Me" by TV on the Radio "Woman" by Wolfmother "Women" by Jamey Johnson "Wonderwall" by Oasis "Word Forward" by Foo Fighters "Working Man" by Rush "Working Man (Vault Edition)" by Rush "World Go 'Round" by No Doubt "World Turning" by Fleetwood Mac "Would You Go With Me" by Josh Turner "Would?" by Alice In Chains "Writing on the Walls" by Underoath "Yerbatero" by Juanes "Yomp" by thenewno2 "You Can Do It" by No Doubt "You Don't Have to Be Old to Be Wise (Live)" by Judas Priest "You Don't Know What Love Is (You Just Do As You're Told)" by The White Stripes "You Got It" by Roy Orbison "You Got Me Floatin'" by Jimi Hendrix "You're All I've Got Tonight" by The Cars "You're Gonna Hear From Me" by Night Ranger "You're No Rock N Roll Fun" by Sleater-Kinney "You've Got Another Thing Comin'" by Judas Priest "Time Bomb" by Rancid "Young" by Hollywood Undead "Young Man Blues (Live at Leeds)" by The Who "Younger Bums" by Big Dipper "Your Decision" by Alice In Chains "Your Touch" by The Black Keys "YYZ" by Rush "Zero" by Smashing Pumpkins
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sleevenotes.991.com - Rare Vinyl Records Blog (7", 12", LPs, Albums)
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[ May 23, 2019 ] Opeth release details for new album Music News
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HomeNew ReleasesFriday’s Forthcoming Releases [Part I]
Friday’s Forthcoming Releases [Part I]
June 5, 2009 991 sleevenotes New Releases 0
DAVID BOWIE 'VH1 Storytellers' [Release Date 06/07/2009]
CD/DVD: http://991.com/buy/productinformation.aspx?StockNumber=473089
VH1 Storytellers began in 1996 with intimate TV performances by Ray Davies and Elvis Costello. Over the next few years many singer/songwriters appeared on the show, performing in front of a live audience while telling stories of their music and memories. Many of the most memorable episodes featured British rock acts, and David Bowie appeared on the show 23rd August 1999. Bill Flanagan, Executive Producer of the show explains, "We were used to dealing with legendary musicians. Still, landing David Bowie was more than a big booking. There's no way to say this without being corny: it was an honor. Bowie has a unique place in rock & roll. He is not only one of the most influential musicians of the era, he does nothing unless he is fully committed. He never phones it in." He continues, "Bowie's Storytellers was a unique theatrical event, a sort of off-Broadway "Evening with the Artist" in which a great songwriter used bits and pieces from his life and career to show us all the roads leading up to a single moment,… a compelling introduction to David Bowie for the uninitiated and a fresh experience for the long time fan. It was a highlight of the series and a good lesson to those of us behind the camera who sometimes think the artist needs our help. When dealing with an artist of the stature of David Bowie, we can help best by getting out of his way."
FLORENCE + THE MACHINE 'Rabbit Heart [Raise It Up]' [Release Date 22/06/2009]
C5: http://991.com/buy/productinformation.aspx?StockNumber=473099
7": http://991.com/buy/productinformation.aspx?StockNumber=473100
"As charismatic in her own, utterly distinctive way, Welch looks and sounds like a star." The Sunday Times Culture "Florence and the Machine's mad art-pop will be 2009's most beautiful noise." The Guardian Guide After releasing just two limited singles ('Kiss With A Fist' and 'Dog Days Are Over'), the magnetic Florence & The Machine has built up a formidable following of fans and critics alike, even winning this years highly prestigious Critics Choice BRIT Award. Now with the impressive debut album 'Lungs', Florence Welch looks set to exceed all hype and expectation, blowing her contemporaries out of the water. The first single from her new album is 'Rabbit Heart (Raise It Up)' released on 21st June. It is a riotous track that brings Florence to the main stage and proves why the critics love her so much but why the charts will love her too.
THE MARS VOLTA 'Octahedron' [Release Date 22/06/2009]
CD: http://991.com/buy/productinformation.aspx?StockNumber=473105
'Octahedron' is the stunning new album from The Mars Volta. An album heady with the emotion and high-drama that has always been the band's trademark, their newfound simplicity and focus has delivered some of the most immediate and powerful songs in their discography. The album opens with the tender ache of 'Since We've Been Wrong', Cedric's keening vocal establishing a mood that's deeply blue, powerfully melancholic, a suckerpunch that hits every bit as hard as Octahedron's unashamed rockers [the gleaming futuristic funk of 'Teflon,' the tense chase-music of 'Cotopaxi']. Pulling back from the full-tilt experimentation of previous releases, the album invests its energies in Omar's gift for songcraft, for swooning guitar runs of high tension and emotive power ('Luciforms'' epic riffage), and for the nagging hooks and melodies that wreath the churning rhythms of 'Desperate Graves'. "For me, all that's important is if something moves you or not," explains chief writer Omar Rodgreguez-Lopez. "I've never tried to be tricky, to be complicated; if it gives me goosebumps, I'll use it. If it's striking, if it hits me as a listener, that's all that matters to me."
CREEDENCE CLEARWATER REVIVAL '40th Anniversary Editions Box Set' [Release Date 22/06/2009]
7CD: http://991.com/buy/productinformation.aspx?StockNumber=473112
* 40th anniversary 'clamshell' box-set. * 7 albums in replica-vinyl, Japanese paper-sleeves. * Includes all six of their classic studio albums. * Also features the hard-to-find 1972 album – 'Mardi Gras'. * Features all the hits – 'Bad Moon Rising', 'Proud Mary', 'Down On The Corner' and many others… * 112-page Booklet. Includes original Album sleeves and feature liner notes by world-class rock music journalists. Although they sounded like no other band, CCR redefined rock and roll. They showed, in the most entertaining way possible, how the music could embrace – and was, in fact, founded on – elements of R&B and the blues, country, folk, and jazz, as well as a world of other musical forms. Creedence were pioneers in the fusion of rock and country. They were 'roots' before roots took hold as a music genre…
VANESSA WILLIAMS 'The Real Thing' [Release Date 22/06/2009]
This is Vanessa Williams' Concord Records debut and her first album in more than four years. In her own words, 'The Real Thing' is "a potpourri of breezy latin rhythms, sultry jazz standards and dreamy pop sketches," and perhaps her most musical record to date. Her first album in more than 4 years, this is her most heartfelt and introspective album yet and delves into sophisticated pop and R&B that have been the hallmark of her dynamic musical career. Features two new songs penned by Babyface ('Loving You' and 'Just Friends'). Also features the new song 'I Fell In' by Phil Galdston, who penned one of Vanessa's all-time biggest hits, 'Save The Best For Last'.
JEWEL 'Perfectly Clear' [Release Date 22/06/2009]
Finally released in the UK, the album originally went Top 10 in US charts and was a No.1 Country album It comes as no surprise that Jewel, an acclaimed American singer, songwriter, actress, poet, painter, philanthropist and daughter to an Alaskan cowboy singer-songwriter, found herself in the embrace of country music for the release of her seventh career album, 'Perfectly Clear'. Jewel's personal odyssey, partly chronicled on one of the best selling debut albums of all time, the twelve-time platinum 'Pieces of You', comes full circle with her country album, 'Perfectly Clear'. "I've been writing country songs my whole career; some of the songs on this record date back to when I was 18. I've been hanging on to them until now. They were meant for a record like this one." The record's first single 'Stronger Woman' is a powerful and positive message. 'Perfectly Clear' is produced by Jewel and John Rich of Big and Rich fame.
ALI CAMPBELL 'Flying High' [Release Date 22/06/2009]
Following the worldwide success of 2007's 'Running Free', June sees the release of Ali Campbell's much anticipated third solo album 'Flying High', his first to be recorded since splitting from UB40. Ali has one of the UK's most distinctive and recognisable voices and as lead singer with the world-renowned group UB40, he has sold over 60 million records worldwide toured across the globe, notched up four number No. 1 world-wide singles, over forty Top 40 UK singles, released 24 studio albums and received an Ivor Novello Award for International Achievement. Recorded in London's legendary Sarm Studios 'Flying High' is an exquisitely arranged and produced infectious reggae-pop record, made up of a mixture of original material and interesting covers, thoroughly exploring all genres of reggae music, with a release date that makes it a potential soundtrack to the summer. An Ali Campbell record wouldn't be an Ali Campbell record without exciting collaborations, superbly written original material and some well chosen, transformed covers and 'Flying High' won't disappoint. Ali restructures and shapes old pop classics with his inventive, artistic vision that only he could convincingly execute and the record includes appearances from an exciting cast of international artists including Craig David, Sway, Jamaica's Lady Saw and Shaggy, Germany's Gentleman and South Africa's Danny K & The Soweto Gospel Choir. Speaking about recording the song 'Everways' with Craig David, Ali recalled: "It was a joy working with Craig, he is totally professional and has done a great job on the track. He is one of the UK's best R'n'B talents and a lovely guy." Similarly Craig enjoyed the experience saying "It was great working with Ali, the man is a legend and a consummate professional. 'Everways' captures everything that we've all come to love about his writing. I look forward to working with him again in the future." A song written and performed by Ali and British rapper Sway is 'It's A Crime': "Sway is one of Britain's finest. His rap on the track is so good, I was blown away with his lyric and phrasing – he is a big talent" praised Ali. Coming from a family of UB40 fans Sway was thrilled to be working with Ali: "It was a great honour working with Ali, I'm a big fan of UB40 and so are my parents, my mum couldn't believe it. The fact that someone of that stature would even consider or acknowledge talent from a younger generation to be worthy of appearing on his album is amazing." Soaring melodies and reggae rhythms glide and bounce along throughout the album with themes that include conspiracy theories, politics and love. The moving rendition of 'Out From Under' highlights Campbell's world class vocal ability – the first single to be taken from the new album, this beautiful ballad evokes strong emotions and lyrically may help to shed some light on his departure from UB40. 'She's A Lady', a cover of Tom Jones' Seventies smash, sees a pair-up with dancehall superstar Shaggy, whose raspy Jamaican rhymes entwine with Campbell's huge soulful vocals so fluently and with such kick that you're left wondering why the two haven't collaborated before. True reggae lovers will be excited to learn that there is a cover of John Holt's 1970 lost dub classic 'My Heart Is Gone'. The haunting original track 'Nothing Ever Changes (Pierrot)' sees the pairing of German reggae star Gentleman with Ali and leaves its mark on the listener with its thought provoking lyric, whilst 'Visions', another Campbell penned track, sees Danny K and the Soweto Gospel choir join Ali on what is an anthemic and uplifting look at South Africa's future. From his days in UB40 to his time pursuing his successful solo career, Ali has always stayed true to his love of reggae and its ongoing capacity for innovation, experimentation and pure enjoyment. 'Flying High' is testament to his continuing desire to create and deliver innovative reggae and dub to the world in the shape of an album that, young or old, reggae enthusiast, or not, you definitely won't want to miss. Ali and his new band, The Dep Band, will be playing a selection of these new songs, solo material from previous albums, 'Running Free' and 'Big Love', and old UB40 favourites such as 'Red Red Wine' across the UK throughout June and July.
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Home › Critical Replies › Relating Polanyi’s Tacit Dimension to Social Epistemology: A Response to Walter Gulick, Richard Moodey
Relating Polanyi’s Tacit Dimension to Social Epistemology: A Response to Walter Gulick, Richard Moodey
By SERRC on January 4, 2016 • ( 9 )
Author Information: Richard Moodey, Gannon University, moodey001@gannon.edu
Moodey, Richard. “Relating Polanyi’s Tacit Dimension to Social Epistemology: A Response to Walter Gulick” Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective 5, no. 1 (2016): 1-6.
The PDF of the article gives specific page numbers. Shortlink: http://wp.me/p1Bfg0-2xs
Gulick, Walter. “Relating Polanyi’s Tacit Dimension to Social Epistemology: Three Recent Interpretations.” Social Epistemology (2015): 1-29. doi: 10.1080/ 02691728.2015.1015064
Image credit: _becaro_, via flickr
Walter Gulick reviews three recent books, Harry Collins’ Tacit and Explicit Knowledge (2010), Neil Gascoigne and Tim Thornton’s Tacit Knowledge (2013) and Stephen Turner’s Understanding the Tacit (2014). He reports that Turner is “harshly critical” of Collins (2015, 21) and that Turner regards Gascoigne and Thornton’s approach as “too restricted to be of much help in understanding the tacit” (2015, 22). He praises Turner’s book as being “the closest in spirit to Polanyi’s exploration of the tacit dimension” (2015, 23), and says that Turner’s naturalistic approach to the tacit “is the most promising avenue of development” (2015, 26). Gulick’s hope “is to lay the groundwork for a comprehensive theory of the tacit, a theory that illuminates both the individual and social dimensions of tacit knowing” (2015, 2). In agreement with Gulick, I find better materials for such a groundwork in the texts of Polanyi and Turner than I do in those of Collins or Gascoigne and Thornton.
Two Fault Lines
After my first reading of the following sentence in Gulick’s conclusion, however, I strongly disagreed with it. “It seems best,” he says (2015, 23), “not to view the three books as incommensurate takes on the same topic, but as interpretations of different aspects of a very complex subject.” After reflecting more carefully on Gulick’s use of “incommensurate,” I have come to agree with the first half of the sentence. The books are not incommensurate because each of their writers has the necessary background to be able to understand the arguments of the others. But I still disagree with the second half of the sentence. Rather than viewing the books as potentially complementary interpretations of different aspects of the tacit, I see them as providing contradictory answers to some of the same questions. The ground on which the writers stand is common enough for them to understand one another, and it is this understanding that makes it possible for them to disagree so deeply. I imagine the ground on which they stand as a battleground, divided into three hostile camps by two fault lines. One divides Gascoigne and Thornton from Turner and Collins, and the other comes between Turner and Collins.
Turner and Collins have deep disagreements, but both their approaches are more naturalistic than Gascoigne and Thornton’s analytic approach.. In “Tacit knowledge meets analytic Kantianism,” Turner says that Gascoigne and Thornton try to keep their philosophical approach “pure” by excluding considerations of the findings of the natural and social sciences. He (2014-2015, 44) concludes,
To restrict one’s notion of knowledge to justified true belief and then extend it to the tacit … manages to miss all of the interesting problems with the tacit — the idea of embodied cognition, the idea of extended minds, and much more. For most of us who are philosophers of science, what we care about are real cases in science, as Polanyi did, cases in which the claims of science are fallible, dependent on a complex supportive social world and traditions. As I noted in the opening paragraph, this “explanatory” approach diverges radically from Gascoigne and Thornton’s. So does the notion of knowledge with which it is associated.
Turner affirms, but Gascoigne and Thornton deny, that it is useful for philosophers to incorporate the findings of the various sciences into their philosophical reflections. Gascoigne and Thornton affirm, but Turner denies, that knowledge is justified true belief.
The other fault line divides what Turner calls “social” from the “collective” picture painted by Collins. Collins affirms, but Turner denies, that collectivities can be knowing subjects. Collins is explicit about being a follower of Émile Durkheim, connecting his notion of collective tacit knowledge to Durkheim’s notion of collective consciousness. Turner traces this fault line back to an argument between Durkheim and Gabriel Tarde, early in the 20th century. It continues to divide thinkers and writers to this day (Turner 2014, 189-191). This is familiar territory for Turner, who has argued against the existence of collective mental objects in a series of books (1994; 2002; 2010).
Gulick (2015, 19) compares Turner to a goalie on a hockey team, ”protecting the net of truth in social theory from theoretical shots that don’t deserve to score.” I think Gulick’s image fits the authors of all three books. Each protects his version of the net of truth from shots taken from the hostile positions. Collins (2011-2012, 39) uses the language of naval warfare in defending his position,
I will nail my colours to the mast of my three-way classification of tacit knowledge and am ready to go down with the ship. The three-way classification is ‘Relational Tacit Knowledge’ (RTK); ‘Somatic Tacit Knowledge’ (STK); and ‘Collective Tacit Knowledge’ (CTK).
Collins puts collective tacit knowledge at the heart of his notion of “the nature of society” (2010, x). He attributes opposition to his position to individualistic bias. He says that colllective consciousness “has been a fundamental notion in sociology at least since Durkheim but the bias toward individualism today is so strong in most academic communities that it is hard to posit a collective location for anything” (2010, 131).
Turner and Collins each claim that the position he defends is a minority position in sociology and social theory. In Brains/Practices/Relativism, Social Theory after Cognitive Science, Turner (2002, 1) says, “The individualizing character of learning histories is a brute fact about brains that agrees with a minority tradition in social theory, and conflicts – or so I shall argue – with the dominant one.” The tradition Turner regards as still dominant in social theory is the one that Collins describes as having been smothered by “the bias toward individualism.”
Gulick (2015, 20) correctly points out that Turner does not find transcendental arguments for shared mental stuff convincing. Turner points to the neo-Kantian character of transcendental arguments,
People do something, such as communicate; they could not communicate unless they shared the same framework; therefore they share the same framework. This argument, which shows its neo-Kantian origins, mimics a standard strategy used by Polanyi and many others to argue that explicit rules are never sufficient and need to be supplemented by something tacit. But the argument that something extra (and tacit) is needed to explain, for example, communication or scientific discovery, is not the same as the argument for a shared framework or for the possession of the same practices. The argument for “sharing” or sameness requires us to believe that there is some mechanism by which the same rules, presuppositions, or practices get into the heads of different people (Turner 2014, 69).
Whether or not a social theorist or philosopher will take a position closer to Turner’s than to Collins’s or Gascoigne and Thornton’s is likely to depend, at least in part, on whether or not she is persuaded by the kind of transcendental argument Turner describes. He contends that the persuasive force of most transcendental arguments depend upon their ruling out any alternative explanations. He holds that there is a much better alternative explanation than the appeal to shared tacit frameworks.
Turner’s Alternative Explanations
I mention two aspects of Turner’s alternative to shared tacit frameworks, social behaviorism and mirror neurons. Both of these emphasize the covert residues, or tacit memories, of environmental feedbacks to an active person.
“Social behaviorism” is the term George Herbert Mead used to describe the kind of theory that later came to be called “symbolic interactionism.” Mead agreed with the behaviorists of the early twentieth century that environmental conditioning is an important part of individual learning. He called his version of behaviorism “social” to distinguish it from the “radical behaviorism” of those who tried to eliminate all “mentalistic” language from their explanations of learning. Turner uses “habituation” to point to the process by which environmental feedback shapes the behavior, verbal as well as non-verbal, of a developing child. These feedbacks, “reinforcements” in standard behaviorist language, result in the child’s learning to conform to acceptable ways of speaking and acting. Turner (2014, 10) says:
The fact that tacit learning requires feedback makes it radically different from explicit learning. But in actual cases the two are mixed together, One learns a language of appraisal together with learning how to do things, for example. Each kind of learning has its own tacit component, because it has feedback that is not explicitly constructed, as an experiment or test of a hypothesis would be.
Gulick (2015, 25) quotes Eric Kandel’s (2006, 132) use of “habituation” in connection with his description of implicit memory, ”habituation, sensitization, and classical conditioning, as well as perceptual and motor skills such as riding a bicycle or serving a tennis ball.” In Polanyi’s language, our memories of the results of these kinds of processes are not, for the most part, objects of focal awareness. They are subsidiaries from which we attend to focal objects.
Mirror neurons constitute another part of Turner’s alternative to shared tacit frameworks. He asks (2014, 163), “What sorts of mental things are needed to account for interaction?” He argues that the interacting persons do not need shared mental things – frameworks, concepts, rules, etc. These do not add anything that cannot be explained by “mirror neurons plus our capacity to invent functional substitutes in speech.” He reflects on the profound difference between saying that mirror neurons are “shared” by the perceptual and motor systems of an individual, and saying that such things as tacit frameworks, tacit concepts, and tacit rules are “shared” by different persons. Turner does not deny the universality of the structure of the human brain, but insists on maintaining the distinction between this phylogenetically given structure and all that is learned (2015, 112-113).
This is one of the areas in which Turner’s openness to the findings of science is important. A refrain that runs through the books he has written over the last two decades is the finding of neuroscience that learning histories result in progressively greater individual differences in the acquired patterns of synaptic connections in human brains. The importance of adding the work of mirror neurons to social behaviorism is that they explain how humans learn by “imitation” as well as by environmental “conditioning.” When two persons interact, each “takes the role of the other,” to use the language of Mead. This is not a magical or telepathic “sharing” of identical concepts, but a process in which both parties attempt to guess at what the other is thinking and feeling. Clues are provided both by reciprocal feedback and by the functioning of both persons’ mirror neurons.
Instead of trying to summarize Turner’s more detailed descriptions of how mirror neurons work both in the development of infants and the interactions of adults, I will conclude by connecting his account of what is necessary to social interaction with Polanyi’s (1969, 181-207) essay “Sense-Giving and Sense-Reading.” He illustrates sense-giving by having readers imagine a traveller’s letter to a friend. Earlier in the day, he had seen distant “trees, fields, rivers and peaks,” and heard “church-bells ringing” and also had seen “villagers walking to attend service.” Later, when writing his letter, he is no longer actually seeing and hearing these things, but drawing upon his memories of those experiences. From those memories, he gives sense to the words he writes. When the friend reads those words, she reads sense into them, not by drawing upon the writer’s memories, but by drawing upon her own. From her memories, she attributes sense to the words she reads.
In telling this story, Polanyi neither says nor implies that the writer and reader “share” the same mental things. There is no magical transmission of the writer’s memories into the mind of the reader. The words of the letter are identical for both the writer and the reader, but the focal meanings they attribute to those words are not identical, because the subsidiaries from which the writer attributed meanings to his words are not the same as the subsidiaries from which the reader attributes meaning to them. In the language of John Searle (2010, 31-32), the writer and the reader attribute meanings to the same words from distinctly different “Networks” and “Backgrounds.”
Turner on Taylor’s “Frameworks”
The exception to Gulick’s general agreement with Turner is his saying that Turner’s criticisms of Charles Taylor “seem to miss the mark” (2015, 21). Turner’s criticisms are in his introductory chapter, where he illustrates one of his prescriptions for an adequate account of the tacit: “Recognize metaphors as metaphors and analogies as analogies. Metaphorical usages, such as ‘frameworks,’ abound in this literature, usually without any sense that they need to be cashed in” (2014, 3). Turner (2014, 6-8) criticizes Taylor for using “framework” without explicitly recognizing that it is a metaphor, for treating frameworks as mental objects that are shared by people living in the same territories or during the same historical period, and for claiming that he (Taylor) can “read off” the contents of these tacit objects. Gulick does not address Turner’s claim that Taylor’s use of “framework” is metaphorical, but says that Taylor does not use “framework” to point to a “sort of Durkheimian collective form of the tacit.” He adds that Turner’s criticism of Taylor’s use of “framework” to explain how collectivities have the same beliefs and values misses the target, because Taylor uses “framework” to describe, rather than explain. I am not sure about the extent to which Taylor’s use of “framework” points Durkheimian collective object, but I do agree with Turner that Taylor uses “framework” metaphorically without explicitly recognizing it as such.
The fault lines that divide these three books from one another are similar to divisions within social epistemology. The analytic vs. naturalistic division is similar to the division between analytic and political social epistemology, and the division between the social and collective is similar to the division between those who do and do not treat communities as epistemic agents. The arguments of Polanyi, Turner and Gulick are much more likely to persuade the social epistemologists who align with the political, rather than analytical approach, and those who agree with Heidi Grasswick (2011) that individuals-in-community, rather than communities as collectivities, are the true epistemic agents.
Collins. Harry. Tacit and Explicit Knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.
Collins. Harry. “Analysing Tacit Knowledge: Response to Henry and Lowney.” Tradition and Discovery 38, no. 1 (2011.2012): 38–42.
Gascoigne, Neil and Tim Thornton. Tacit Knowledge. Durham: Acumen, 2013.
Grasswick, Heidi. “Questioning the Role of Epistemic Agency: A Response to Calvert-Minor.” Social Epistemology 25, no. 4, (2011): 361-369.
Kandel, Eric R. In Search of Memory: The Emergence of a New Science of Mind. New York: Norton, 2006.
Polanyi, Michael. “Sense-Giving and Sense-Reading”. In Knowing and Being, edited Marjorie Grene, 181-207. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969/1967.
Searle. John. Making the Social World: The Structure of Human Civilization. NY: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Turner, Stephen. The Social Theory of Practices. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.
Turner, Stephen Brains/Practices/Relativism: Social Theory after Cognitive Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.
Turner, Stephen. Explaining the Normative. Malden, MA: Polity, 2010.
Turner, Stephen. Understanding the Tacit. New York: Routledge, 2014.
Turner, Stephen. “Tacit Knowledge Meets Analytic Kantianism.” Tradition and Discovery 51, no. 1 (2014/2015): 33–47.
‹ Posing Questions, Eschewing Hierarchies: A Response to Katikireddi, Justin Parkhurst
Taking Issue: A Review of Bryan Frances’ Disagreement, Jonathan Matheson and Katie V. Rivers ›
Tags: Harry Collins, Neil Gascoigne and Tim Thornton, Richard Moody, Stephen Turner, tacit and explicit knowledge, tacit dimension, tacit knowledge, Walter Gulick
On Moodey’s Response with Additional Comments Toward Understanding the Tacit, Walter Gulick « Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective
Response to Gulick: Complementarity, Fault Lines, Terminology, Metaphors and Assertions, Richard W. Moodey « Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective
Collectivities and Tacit Knowledge, Harry Collins « Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective
Knowledge, Simply: A Response to Moodey, Harry Collins « Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective
Performing Knowing: A Reply to Collins, Richard W. Moodey « Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective
Knowledge as It Says on the Tin: Reply to Moodey, Harry Collins « Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective
The Fault-Line Remains: A Reply to Collins, Richard W. Moodey « Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective
A Brief Comment on the Moodey – Collins Exchange on Tacit Knowledge, Ilya Kasavin « Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective
A Rejoinder to Moodey and Kasavin, Harry Collins « Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective
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Nawazuddin Siddiqui To Play Partition Writer Manto, First Look Revealed
BY Sanjana Chakraborty On February 3, 2017
Nawazuddin Siddiqui is all set to play famed short story writer Saadat Hasan Manto in a film directed by Nandita Das. The actor had even uploaded a photo of himself on social media, displaying an eerie resemblance to the late writer.
pic.twitter.com/WKWuFAuEZQ
— Nawazuddin Siddiqui (@Nawazuddin_S) February 2, 2017
The film will focus on Saadat Hasan Manto’s non-fictional work and personal life. The controversial writer wrote many short stories and poems based on the India-Pakistan partition, and was even tried six times for the high sexual content in his stories. Depressed after the Partition and deported to Pakistan, the writer took to alcohol and died at the age of 42. Some of his short stories include Toba Tek Singh, Cold Meat, Dog of Titwal, Odour, and Open It.
Nandita Das, in an interview with ToI, admitted that she had been harbouring the idea of making a film on the writer for quite a while. “What drew me to the writer was his free spirit and courage to stand up against orthodoxy of all kinds. He wrote with a rare sensitivity and empathy for his characters. As I plunged deeper into Manto’s life, I realised that it felt like I was reading about my father, an artist. I feel he is most relevant to our time,” she said.
The film will follow the most interesting seven years in the life of Manto (from 1946 to 1952) and that of the two cities he inhabits during those years – Lahore and Mumbai. “It has taken me three years of research, along with my writer Ali Mir, to tell the story that seems most relevant to our times and me. The spirit of Manto is the spirit of the film,” added Das.
Speaking about his role as the writer, Siddiqui expressed his excitement. “Nandita and I discussed this project at Cannes. I should begin shooting for it by the end of the year. It’s a very interesting film because Manto was a famous writer in the 1940s-50s and I am excited to play him. It should be an interesting challenge to do a period drama,” he told ToI.
Rasika Dugal of Qissa (2015) fame will be playing Manto’s wife, Safiyah.
Meanwhile, Siddiqui’s other projects for the year includes Ritesh Batra’s film Photographer, Boney Kapoor’s Mom and Kushan Nandy’s Babumoshai Bandookbaaz.
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Nawazuddin Siddiqui Forced To Pull Out Of Ramleela Performance
Hindi News August 15, 2016
Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Sonam Kapoor Win Top Awards At Melbourne Film Festival
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During their five years at the school, Paulines will live through elections, policy shifts and perhaps even a referendum on major constitutional reform. They will leave St Paul’s being able to vote for the first time, and many will go on to shape the politics of the future, either directly or indirectly. Studying Politics A-level will give them the tools they need to understand the changes around them, and to be active, informed and engaged citizens. It is an ideal subject for any pupil who is inquisitive about the individual and their interaction with society.
Politics is taught for a two year A level course only, but the lively Politics and Economics Society, Polecon, runs an exciting programme of speakers which attracts many younger pupils.
Currently we follow the OCR course for AS and A level.
At AS level we focus on the contemporary government and politics of the UK. We consider such questions as: the role and function of Parliament; the ideologies and internal democracy of political parties; the role of pressure groups; whether the UK has become more or less democratic in recent years; and how effectively rights and liberties are protected in the UK. In addition, a compulsory extended essay competition is held for all pupils in this year, which encourages them to go beyond the syllabus, and promotes independent learning and scholarship.
The A2 course looks at political ideas and concepts and examples can be drawn upon from an international context. We explore major political concepts such as rights, democracy, power and authority, the nation state and globalisation. In addition, we study a range of political ideologies and their thinkers ranging from feminism and religious fundamentalism through to conservatism, socialism and liberalism. We then build on this theoretical understanding to look at how these concepts lead to political debates in the world today: for example, whether globalisation is a cause or effect of Islamic fundamentalism, whether international institutions are able to deal with the financial crisis, or whether the security of the UK should come before individual rights.
From September 2017 we shall be following an exciting new two-year linear A level course which will also include the study of global politics in the second year.
Polecon, St Paul’s joint Politics and Economics Society, is open to all boys. The executive committee is comprised of a group of Upper Eighth (final year) pupils who contact speakers and invite them to address the society. In recent years we have hosted Members of Parliament such as Diane Abbott, Douglas Carswell, Iain Duncan –Smith, George Galloway, Jeremy Hunt, Eric Pickles and Ed Vaizey. In addition, the pupils themselves chair some weekly meetings and we hold a discussion on topical issues such as the migrant crisis or the EU Referendum.
Junior Politics society is open to the younger pupils and is held jointly with the final year at the Junior School. It provides a forum for them to explore their interests in the subject through debate, discussion and presentations. For example this year we have held discussions on the US elections, the politics of space development, First Past the Post and Trident. We also encourage Paulines to explore their interest in the subject by entering numerous essay competitions run by universities and political societies.
After St Paul's
The presence of Old Paulines in public life is very marked: George Osborne MP, Chancellor of the Exchequer; Ed Vaizey MP; Matthew Gould, previously PPS to both David Miliband and William Hague at the Foreign Office and the first Jewish British ambassador to Israel; Lord Razzall of Mortlake, Liberal Democrat spokesman on Trade and Industry; Lord Baker of Dorking CH PC.
Other Old Paulines notable for their work in politics include academics such as:
Isaiah Berlin, a twentieth-century philosopher and historian of philosophy, famous for his work on liberty and pluralism, fellow at All Souls College, Oxford, and President of the British Academy (1974-78)
Max Beloff, a twentieth century historian of government, Conservative peer, and principal of the University College of Buckingham
George Cole, Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory, Oxford, between 1944–57 and President of the Fabian Society
Professor Leonard Schapiro, Professor of Political Science, with Special Reference to Russian Studies, London School of Economics, 1963–75
David Butler, social scientist and psephologist
Politics Staff Members
Rohan Edwards
Head of Politics
Caroline Gill
Nathaniel Weisberg
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Documents Flashcards
Languages of Kazakhstan
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2017-07-27T22:31:37+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true Erzya language, Gagauz language, Karakalpak language, Koryo-mar, Pontic Greek, Russian Sign Language, Bashkir language, Dungan language, Ingush language, Uzbek language, Ili Turki language, Plautdietsch language, Siberian Tatar language, Lezgian language, Sinte Romani, Nogai language flashcards https://studylib.net Languages of Kazakhstan
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Erzya language
The Erzya language (эрзянь кель, erźań keľ) is spoken by about 260,000 people in the northern and eastern and north-western parts of the Republic of Mordovia and adjacent regions of Nizhniy Novgorod, Chuvashia, Penza, Samara, Saratov, Orenburg, Ulyanovsk, Tatarstan and Bashkortostan in Russia.
Gagauz language
The Gagauz language (Gagauz: Gagauz dili or Gagauzca) is a Turkic language spoken by the ethnic Gagauz people of Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, and Turkey, and it is the official language of the Autonomous Region of Gagauzia in Moldova.
Karakalpak language
Karakalpak is a Turkic language spoken by Karakalpaks in Karakalpakstan.
Koryo-mar
Koryo-mar, Goryeomal or Koryŏmal (Hangul: 고려말 ; Russian: Корё маль; Korean: 중앙아시아 한국어 "Central Asian Korean language") is the dialect of the Korean language spoken by the Koryo-saram, ethnic Koreans in the former USSR.
Pontic Greek
Pontic Greek (ποντιακά) is a Greek language originally spoken in the Pontus area on the southern shores of the Black Sea, northeastern Anatolia, the Eastern Turkish/Caucasus province of Kars, southern Georgia and today mainly in northern Greece.
Russian Sign Language
Russian Sign Language is the sign language of the Deaf community in Russia.
Bashkir language
The Bashkir language (Башҡорт теле başqort tele باشقۇرت تئلئ, pronounced [ˈbaʂqʊrt teˈle] ) is part of the Kipchak group of the Turkic languages.
Dungan language
The Dungan language /ˈdʊŋɡɑːn/ is a Sinitic language spoken by the Dungan of Central Asia, an ethnic group related to the Hui people of China.
Ingush language
Ingush (/ˈɪnɡʊʃ/, ГӀалгӀай, Ğalğay, pronounced [ʁəlʁɑj]) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by about 300,000 people, known as the Ingush, across a region covering the Russian republics of Ingushetia and Chechnya.
Uzbek language
Uzbek is a Turkic language and the official language of Uzbekistan.
Ili Turki language
Ili Turki is a Turkic language spoken primarily in China.
Plautdietsch language
Plautdietsch (), or Mennonite Low German, was originally a Low Prussian variety of East Low German, with Dutch influence, that developed in the 16th and 17th centuries in the Vistula delta area of Royal Prussia.
Siberian Tatar language
Siberian Tatar (Сибер тел, Сиберцә, Sîber tel, Sîbercâ) is a Turkic language.
Lezgian language
Lezgian /ˈlɛzɡiən/, also called Lezgi or Lezgin, is a language that belongs to the Lezgic languages.
Sinte Romani
Sinte Romani (also known as Sintenghero Tschib(en), Sintitikes or Romanes /ˈrɒmənɪs/) is the variety of Romani spoken by the Sinti people in Germany, France, Austria, some parts of northern Italy and other adjacent regions.
Nogai language
Nogai (also Nogay or Nogai Tatar) is a Turkic language spoken in southwestern Russia.
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