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Jim Washok
Communications & Marketing Director
West End Assembly of God
A lifelong student of both technology and human behavior, Jim Washok has relished his multi-decade career at the intersection of digital communications and customer experience. With a strong passion that every customer is special, Jim has found his leadership in everyday marketing strategies to be beneficial to both for-profit and non-profit organizations. Jim empowers the teams he is immersed in to consider the possibilities of every puzzle tossed their way in working towards a solution that pushes them into new areas of creative growth. At WEAG he has worked with multiple teams to explode their social media analytics, establish a YouTube channel of original content, create a permanent art gallery promoting missions and local talent, and design an engaging online "welcome mat" for guests seeking to visit for the first time. Jim is a husband of nearly 25 years, father to three now-grown kids, a youth leader to dozens more, and a big fan of movies and rock music.
How to Use Analytics to Focus Social Media Strategies for Optimal Audience Interaction
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Scotland's Ten Year Strategy for the Learning Provision for Children and Young People with Complex Additional Support Needs 2017-2026
Opened 5 Jun 2017
doranreview@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
Scotland’s Strategy for the Learning Provision for Children and Young People with Complex Additional Support Needs 2017-20206 aims to support improved outcomes for children and young people with complex additional support needs through strategic commissioning of national services; with particular focus on the provision of education. This strategy is based on recommendations made in the Doran Review published in November 2012. While this strategy also recognises the critical role played by social services and health in supporting educational outcomes, the strategy is set within the context of The Additional Support for Learning Act 2004.
The National Improvement Framework and Curriculum for Excellence apply to all children and young people including those with complex additional support needs. Given that these needs are of relatively low incidence and attract a high level of resourcing and require specialist input, Scottish education requires a particular strategy to ensure that the needs of this group are met. This strategy sets out how this will be addressed over the next decade.
The aims of the consultation on the proposed strategy are:
- Gain feedback from the wider stakeholder group including professionals and parents/carers on whether the overall strategy is robust and will support the delivery of the aims and objectives.
- To gather views/opinions on how the strategy can build capacity - especially around identification of the types of services/provision that are needed to build capacity.
Dowload the consultation paper.
Where respondents have given permission for their response to be made public, and
after we have checked that they contain no potentially defamatory material,
responses will be made available to the public at http:consult.scotland.gov.uk. If you use Citizen Space to respond, you will receive a copy of your response via email.
Following the closing date, all responses will be analysed and considered along with
any other available evidence to help us. We aim to issue a report on the consultation process in October 2017, if not before.
Download the consultation paper 416.4 KB (PDF document)
Download the Respondent Information Form 139.5 KB (Microsoft Word Document)
View the consultation on gov.scot
Communities and Third Sector
Equality, Welfare and Rights
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Consultations Overview
This page provides an overview of all World Bank Group consultations. Use the navigation on the left side to narrow your search. Click on a consultation for more details.
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International Coalition, Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of, Congo, Republic of, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Arab Republic of, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong SAR, China, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea, Republic of, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyz Republic, Lao People Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Fed. Sts., Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Reunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan, China, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, The Gambia, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Republica Bolivariana de, Vietnam, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen, Republic of, Zambia, Zimbabwe
International Coalition, Afghanistan, Albania View More »
Global Guide to Community Engagement for PPPs
n/a July 01, 2019 to August 26, 2019 Thematic Report Global
Afghanistan, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Burkina Faso, Canada, Congo, Democratic Republic of, Cote d'Ivoire, Denmark, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Haiti, Honduras, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Kosovo, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Mali, Myanmar, Nepal, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States
Afghanistan, Australia, Austria View More »
World Bank Group Strategy for Fragility, Conflict and Violence
2 Phases April 15, 2019 to November 30, 2019 Sector Strategy Global
Tajikistan Systematic Country Diagnostic
n/a March 16, 2017 to April 12, 2017 Country Partnership Strategy / Country Partnership Framework / Systematic Country Diagnostic (CPS / CPF / SCD) National
Operational Procedures for the World Bank's Grievance Redress Service (GRS)
n/a June 01, 2016 to June 30, 2016 Policy Review Global
Towards More Effective Impact Measurement in the Tourism Sector
n/a February 16, 2016 to March 04, 2016 Thematic Report Global
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of, Congo, Republic of, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Arab Republic of, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong SAR, China, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea, Republic of, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyz Republic, Lao People Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Fed. Sts., Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Reunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan, China, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, The Gambia, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Republica Bolivariana de, Vietnam, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen, Republic of, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria View More »
Update of World Bank Group Gender Strategy: Consultations
n/a April 01, 2015 Sector Strategy Global
Review and Update of the World Bank Safeguard Policies
3 Phases July 02, 2012 to December 31, 2014 Policy Review Global
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Antifungal for Yeast Infections Tied to Miscarriage Risk
The oral drug fluconazole may increase the risk, Danish researchers say
By Steven Reinberg
HealthDay Reporter
TUESDAY, Jan. 5, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- A well-known antifungal drug used for vaginal yeast infections may be linked to a slightly increased risk of miscarriage, according to a study of more than 1.4 million Danish pregnancies.
Of the more than 3,300 women who took oral fluconazole (Diflucan) in the 7th through 22nd week of pregnancy, 147 had a miscarriage, compared with 563 miscarriages among the more than 13,000 women who did not take the drug, the researchers found.
"From our study, we can only see that women who have been treated with oral fluconazole more often experience miscarriages than untreated women and women who used a topical [vaginal] antifungal," said lead researcher Ditte Molgaard-Nielsen, an epidemiologist at the Statens Serum Institute in Copenhagen.
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However, the study cannot prove that fluconazole causes miscarriages, she added.
"Our findings cannot precisely show whether fluconazole causes miscarriage. We cannot rule out that fluconazole-treated women differ from untreated women in ways that are associated with an increased risk of miscarriage," Molgaard-Nielsen said.
She added that until more data are available on the association between fluconazole and the risk of miscarriage, the drug should be prescribed cautiously to pregnant women.
The report was published in the Jan. 5 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Vaginal yeast infections are common during pregnancy. In the United States, it is estimated that 10 percent of pregnant women will develop one. Treatment is either a topical antifungal cream or the oral drug fluconazole, Molgaard-Nielsen said.
"Topical antifungals (vaginal suppositories) are first-line treatment for pregnant women, but a small number of pregnant women receive oral treatment with fluconazole, for example in cases of recurrence, severe symptoms, or when topical treatment fails. But oral fluconazole may also be used as first treatment by personal preference," she said.
Dr. Jennifer Wu, an obstetrician and gynecologist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, said that fluconazole is the only oral drug used to treat yeast infections.
"Women who are trying to become pregnant or who are pregnant should avoid fluconazole," Wu said. "For these women, a topical medicine is the preferred treatment."
The researchers also looked at the association between fluconazole and stillbirth. Although fluconazole was tied to an increased risk of miscarriage, it did not significantly increase the risk of stillbirth, Molgaard-Nielsen said. Among the more than 5,300 women who took fluconazole from the 7th week of pregnancy to birth, 21 had a stillbirth, compared with 77 stillbirths among the more than 21,500 women who did not use the drug.
"Although the risk of stillbirth was not significantly increased, this should be investigated further," she added.
For the study, Molgaard-Nielsen and colleagues collected data on more than 1.4 million pregnancies from 1997 to 2013. They compared women who used oral fluconazole during pregnancy to those who didn't.
Dr. Jill Rabin, the co-chief of the division of ambulatory care at the Women's Health Programs-PCAP Services at Northwell Health in New Hyde Park, N.Y., said she prefers using topical treatments for yeast infections because of the side effects of fluconazole, such as flu-like symptoms.
Rabin said that all vaginal yeast infections are not the same and treatment needs to be targeted to the specific type of infection.
Moreover, symptoms that appear to be a yeast infection may be something else, she added. "Women should not assume that if they have a discharge and an itch that it is a yeast infection," Rabin said.
Rabin cautioned against trying to treat these symptoms with over-the-counter drugs. "Women should not try to treat themselves, especially if they are pregnant," she said. "You want to call your doctor, not Doctor Google."
For more on vaginal yeast infections, visit the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
SOURCES: Ditte Molgaard-Nielsen, M.Sc., epidemiologist, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jill Rabin, M.D., co-chief, division of ambulatory care, Women's Health Programs-PCAP Services, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, N.Y.; Jennifer Wu, M.D., obstetrics and gynecology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City; Jan. 5, 2016, Journal of the American Medical Association
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A Look at the Upper West Side New York for New Yorkers
By Christy Smith-Sloman 2016 November Neighborhoods
With its plethora of major cultural and educational institutions like Lincoln Center, the American Museum of Natural History, the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, General Grant National Memorial (a.k.a. Grant’s Tomb), Barnard College, Union Theological Seminary and Columbia University, it’s easy to forget that the Upper West Side of Manhattan is primarily a residential neighborhood. Block after block you’ll find stately prewar architecture, opulent coops and condos and classic four and five story residences sandwiched between lavish parks, luxury hotels, sophisticated boutiques and haute cuisine restaurants.
Beloved television characters from Seinfeld, Will & Grace and 30 Rock as well as twisted ballerina Nina (Natalie Portman) from the Oscar winning film Black Swan and yuppie serial killer Patrick Bateman (Christian Bale) from the 2000 thriller American Psycho all had Upper West Side addresses. It’s also home to the renowned Dakota, the apartment building where musician John Lennon was murdered and provided the setting for the 1968 film Rosemary’s Baby.
The historic neighborhood is bordered by Central Park to the east, the Hudson River to the West and 59th Street on the south. Its’ northern boundary is slightly more ambiguous. Historically it has been cited as 110th Street but oftentimes it is considered 125th Street by real estate agents to use the tony neighborhood when listing properties that includes Morningside Heights. Boundary disputes aside, within this area you’ll find some of Manhattan’s priciest and most desirable real estate.
The Upper West Side, is similar to most New York City neighborhoods in the way that it has undergone drastic changes.
In the early and mid-seventeenth century, the Upper West Side was settled by Dutch immigrants. The Dutch dubbed the area from about 23rd Street to Hollow Way (currently 125th Street) Bloemendaal, though it was later changed to the anglicized Bloomingdale or Bloomingdale District.
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Brian LEWIS on What’s Happening in the Bronx:
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NYCHA Rebel on What’s Happening in the Bronx:
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Bronx Resident on What’s Happening in the Bronx:
The Bronx will never gentrify, and Mott Haven or Port Morris will not be the next Williamsburg, this is an authentic borough with rich histo…
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Sanders Is Not Concerned ‘At All’ About Investigation Into Trump’s Inauguration
Mike Brest Reporter
White House Press Secretary Sarah Sanders said in a Thursday night interview with Martha MacCallum that she had no concerns about a new report that an investigation into President Donald Trump’s inauguration spending is underway.
The Wall Street Journal reported Thursday night that federal prosecutors in Manhattan are investigating whether Trump’s inauguration team misspent some of their funds.
“Any concern about this ‘Wall Street Journal’ story that came out tonight, that says now there is a new federal investigation by the Manhattan U.S. Attorney’s office looking into how the inaugural funds were spent?” MacCallum asked.
“Not at all. This didn’t have anything to do with the president. The president was focused on the transition and building out a new government and preparing to take office. The role that he had at the inauguration was to raise his hand and take the oath. The same thing for the first lady, she wasn’t engaged in this process,” Sanders responded. (RELATED: Sanders Attacks Dems For Opposing Wall Despite Previous Support For Stronger Borders)
“This is a perfect example of Democrats recognizing that all the accusations that they’ve made and the information that came out on the Michael Cohen case has nothing to do with the president,” she added. “So now they’re going to plan, I would say plan B, but this is more like plan D or E or F to take this president down. I wish they would focus a lot more on actually solving problems and sitting down with the president, fixing our broken borders and helping this president build the economy.”
Cohen was sentenced to three years in prison — after pleading guilty to tax evasion, bank fraud and making illegal campaign contributions — earlier this week.
Follow Mike on Twitter
Tags : donald trump michael cohen sarah huckabee sanders
Mike Brest
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HomeBooksArts & Languages
Afterlives of Modernism: Liberalism, Transnationalism, and Political Critique
by John Carlos Rowe
In times of liberal despair it helps to have someone like John Carlos Rowe put things into perspective, in this case, with a collection of essays that asks the question, “Must we throw out liberalism’s successes with the neoliberal bathwater?” Rowe first lays out a genealogy of early twentieth-century modernists, such as Gertrude Stein, John Dos Passos, William Faulkner, and Ralph Ellison, with an eye toward stressing their transnationally engaged liberalism and their efforts to introduce into the literary avant-garde the concerns of politically marginalized groups, whether defined by race, class, or gender. The second part of the volume includes essays on the works of Harper Lee, Thomas Berger, Louise Erdrich, and Philip Roth, emphasizing the continuity of efforts to represent domestic political and social concerns. While critical of the increasingly conservative tone of the neoliberalism of the past quarter-century, Rowe rescues the value of liberalism’s sympathetic and socially engaged intent, even as he criticizes modern liberalism’s inability to work transnationally.
Publisher: Dartmouth College PressReleased: Feb 5, 2015ISBN: 9781611688146Format: book
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A Treatise on Miracles by History’s Most Famous Atheist: Are some things too good to be true?
The Scottish philosopher David Hume was in many ways an enemy of the unlikely. The quintessential empiricist of his age, Hume’s 1748 treatise, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, put forward the groundbreaking argument that careful reasoning o
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Afterlives of Modernism - John Carlos Rowe
All the chapters in this book were published previously as scholarly essays between 1983 and 2010. Three of the chapters were published outside the U.S. in Germany (chapter 2), Australia (chapter 7), and Italy (chapter 8) and thus have had little circulation in the U.S. The origins of most of these essays bear upon the central argument of the book and on my own cultural politics. All of the original essays, except for the essay on Gertrude Stein, were commissioned by editors of journals or books, usually on specific authors and in some cases specific texts. It is fair to conclude that these editors approached me because they considered my previous work to qualify me to write about these authors and texts. Some editors undoubtedly judged me to be a liberal capable of writing on liberal authors and texts. Others explicitly asked me, as Alice Hall Petry did when commissioning my essay on Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, to write a leftist interpretation of a liberal text. Alice was kind enough to express her admiration of my essay on Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, which is a materialist analysis of the socio-economic relations in that novel.¹
Dangerous as it is to judge one’s own political or scholarly perspective, I identified myself as a leftist while writing all of these essays, except for the 1983 essay on Thomas Berger, which has been extensively revised for this book, in part because of the dated qualities of the original essay. I certainly began my scholarly career as a liberal, who wrote about primarily canonical, white male authors. Henry Adams and Henry James were the subjects of my first published book, Henry Adams and Henry James, an early example of the relevance of Continental deconstruction to American literature.² In the 1970s deconstruction was considered a radical philosophy, but its political significance was contested. During the Culture Wars of the late 1980s and early 1990s, neoconservatives frequently linked deconstruction, ethnic studies, radical feminism, and neo-Marxism to what these critics judged a cultural relativism that was generally permissive and falsified the truth. But in retrospect, I must conclude that although certain deconstructionists learned from their colleagues in ethnic studies, feminism, and on the political left, deconstruction was primarily liberal in its practical and academic politics.
My claim is contradicted by one of Jacques Derrida’s major works, Spectres of Marx, in which he contends that the post-1989 legacy of Marxism might be pursued best in coordination with Derridean deconstruction.³ But the connection between Marxism and deconstruction was always a difficult coalition between two inherently incompatible traditions. Marxism is built upon a thorough-going critique of an Enlightenment and idealist heritage that Marx himself insisted we must invert, if only to bring Kantian and Hegelian idealism down to the practical work of historical and dialectical materialism. Derridean deconstruction reinterprets that intellectual tradition, but in ways that are far more compatible with romantic idealism than traditional Marxism.
I will leave Jacques Derrida’s legacy to the scholars who study his works in these contexts and are better qualified to judge it as either liberal or leftist. But I can write confidently that in my own contributions to those debates in the 1970s and early 1980s, my approach was liberal, even as my work attempted to broaden by way of deconstruction the very limited liberal imagination I identify in the introduction with Lionel Trilling and the New York Intellectuals of the 1950s. The rest of my intellectual trajectory from the late 1980s to the present has been a self-conscious effort to develop a leftist critique of liberalism, of the dominant U.S. literary canon, and to help broaden American literature by treating more radical challenges to its traditional definitions from ethnic minorities, women, lesbians and gays, and writers and intellectuals outside the United States in the broader Western Hemisphere.
My position as a left intellectual has not been rigorously faithful to a particular school or ideology, perhaps because much of my liberal background still clings to me. For some readers of this book, my liberal-leaning leftism or left-leaning liberalism will be annoying at best and contradictory at worst. Some readers may even praise me incorrectly for living up to Trilling’s ideal of the individual capable of a liberal imagination that refuses ideology or academic labels. I prefer commitment in both practical politics and as a scholar-teacher, so I suppose I must offer myself up for criticism of my mixed intellectual heritage. My only apology is that such a legacy demonstrates that I am still capable of learning and do endorse Keats’s negative capability. I also still read liberal literature admiringly while recognizing its limitations.
I am grateful to my good friend Donald Pease for encouraging me to develop this book and then including it in his new series under the Dartmouth College Press imprint for the University Press of New England, and to Richard Pult at UPNE who has helped move this project from an idea to a published book. It is impossible for me to mention all the people who have influenced my thinking in this book, read portions of it, or just offered the sort of intellectual stimulation that makes scholarly books possible and valuable. My colleagues in the departments of American Studies and Ethnicity and English at the University of Southern California, including the superb graduate students in our PhD programs, have been inspirational. I thank them all without singling out anyone. Everyone I have met at the Futures of American Studies summer institutes I have attended, thanks to Donald Pease’s generous invitations over many years, has contributed to this book. From the tough questions during the keynote lectures I have given to the exchanges in the workshops and subsequent emails I have had with scholars from around the world, I have benefited in countless ways. You remind me of what a privilege it is to learn I am wrong, to learn something new, and to think with others. I also want to thank everyone involved in our three-year research group, Transatlantic American Studies, which was sponsored by the Humboldt Foundation in Germany and Dartmouth College and the University of Southern California in the United States between 2006 and 2009. Although the collaborative research conducted by that international group is published in a separate volume, my work in this book benefited greatly from our conversations. A few good friends in addition to those already mentioned deserve thanks for general inspiration and good conversation: Nancy Armstrong, Colin Dayan, Edgar Dryden, Winfried and Birgitte Fluck, Cristina Giorcelli, Susan Griffin, Liam Kennedy, Katherine Kinney, Rüdiger and Eva Kunow, Günter and Ruth Lenz, Scott Lucas, Kevin McNamara, Alan Nadel, Patrick O’Donnell, Mark Poster and Annette Schlichter, Marc Priewe, Ricky Rodriguez, and Gabriele Schwab.
My thanks to the editors and publishers for permission to reprint significantly revised versions of the essays that were first published by them: Chapter 1, "Naming What Is Inside: Gertrude Stein’s Use of Names in Three Lives," first published in Novel 36:2 (Spring 2003), pp. 219–43; Chapter 2, "Interpellation, Urbanization, and Globalization in John Dos Passos’ Manhattan Transfer," first published in Toward a New Metropolitanism: Reconstituting Public Culture, Urban Citizenship, and the Multicultural Imaginary in New York and Berlin, eds. Günter H. Lenz, Friedrich Ulfers, Antje Dallmann (Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, 2006), pp. 349–58; Chapter 3, "Faulkner and the Southern Arts of Mystification in Absalom, Absalom!" first published in Blackwell’s Companion to William Faulkner, ed. Richard C. Moreland (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007), pp. 445–58; Chapter 4, "Our Invisible Man: The Aesthetic Genealogy of U.S. Diversity," first published in Blackwell’s Companion to the American Novel, ed. Alfred Bendixen (New York: Basil Blackwell, 2011); Chapter 5, "Racism, Fetishism, and the Gift Economy in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird (1960)," first published in On Harper Lee: Essays and Reflections, ed. Alice Hall Petry (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2007), pp. 1–17. Used with permission. Chapter 6, "Alien Encounter: Thomas Berger’s Neighbors as a Critique of Existential Humanism," first published in Studies in American Humor, special issue on Thomas Berger, ed. Brom Weber, II, new series (Spring 1983), pp. 45–60; Chapter 7, Buried Alive: The Native American Political Unconscious in Louise Erdrich’s Fiction, first published in Postcolonial Studies (Australia) 7:2 (July 2004), pp. 197–210; Chapter 8, U.S. Literary Canons after Nationalism, first published in Letteratura America (Italy), special issue on U.S. literary canons, ed. Cristina Giorcelli, XXVII: 121–22 (2007–8), pp. 31–56.
Of course, the Rowe family has had to put up with my work on this book, as with all the others. My love and gratitude to you all: Kristin, Sean and Katherine and Fiona, Kevin and Karen and Leben, Mark and Angela. No, Ziggy, no!
Island Park, Idaho
1. John Carlos Rowe, "The Economics of the Body in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening," in Kate Chopin Reconsidered: Beyond the Bayou, eds. Lynda S. Boren and Sara de Saussure Davis (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992); revised version in John Carlos Rowe, At Emerson’s Tomb: The Politics of Classic American Literature (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997), pp. 200–221.
2. John Carlos Rowe, Henry Adams and Henry James: The Emergence of a Modern Consciousness (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1976).
3. Jacques Derrida, Spectres de Marx: L’État de la dette, le travail du deuil et la nouvelle Internationale (Paris: Galilée, 1993).
THE INEVITABLE INTIMATE CONNECTION
These are not political essays, they are essays in literary criticism. But they assume the inevitable intimate, if not always obvious, connection between literature and politics.
—Lionel Trilling, The Liberal Imagination: Essays in Literature and Society (1950)
LIONEL TRILLING’S The Liberal Imagination was published sixty years ago, when post–World War II liberalism offered viable resistance to the conservative ideology defining the Cold War era. As recent scholars have re-evaluated the 1950s, they have acknowledged the social protest of a liberal culture often identified with the New York Intellectuals, including Trilling, and with some of his most influential students, such as Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg.¹ Trilling was writing at the end of a venerable liberal tradition rooted in American transcendentalism and its secularization of Puritan theology. Only four years before the publication of The Liberal Imagination, Arthur Schlesinger Jr.’s The Age of Jackson won the Pulitzer Prize for History in 1946 by celebrating the social progressivism of Emerson, Thoreau, and other transcendentalists who challenged Andrew Jackson’s reckless economic expansionism.² Less than a decade before The Liberal Imagination, F. O. Matthiessen’s American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman (1941) canonized the liberal ideals of the transcendentalists and their continuing relevance for the modern age.³
Trilling sought to revive this liberal tradition in response to the political extremism on both the left and right that many feared in the postwar era. Western leftists had been divided since the late 1930s, when evidence of Stalin’s show-trials and genocidal policies in the Soviet Union was publicized internationally. While some U.S. leftists, like W. E. B. Du Bois, defended Stalin and others tried to disconnect Western Marxism from the Soviet Union, others moved to liberal positions, like the Partisan Review’s editor, Philip Rahv. Trilling’s anti-Stalinism and anti-Communism have been well documented, and he shared the anti-fascism that had driven the U.S. war effort.⁴ Public revelations about the Nazi Holocaust confirmed anti-fascist views while indicating that both the Stalinist left and Nazi right had conducted genocidal policies unmatched in history.
Trilling’s often-quoted view in the preface to The Liberal Imagination suggests that liberalism is the only possible rational position in an age threatened globally by the irrational positions of Stalinism and Fascism:
In the United States at this time liberalism is not only the dominant but even the sole intellectual tradition. For it is the plain fact that nowadays there are no conservative or reactionary ideas in general circulation. This does not mean, of course, that there is no impulse to conservatism or to reaction. Such impulses are certainly very strong, perhaps even stronger than most of us know. But the conservative impulse and the reactionary impulse do not, with some isolated and ecclesiastical exceptions, express themselves in ideas but only in action or in irritable gestures which seek to resemble ideas.⁵
Later in the preface he warns us that in the modern situation it is just when a movement despairs of having ideas that it turns to force, which it masks in ideology (Liberal Imagination, 5; hereafter LI). On February 9, 1950, Senator Joseph McCarthy would make his infamous pronouncement that there were members of the Communist Party in the U.S. State Department, a claim he never proved, but which would lead to his anti-Communist witch hunts.⁶ In his introduction to the New York Times Classic Edition of The Liberal Imagination, Louis Menand, another influential student of Trilling’s, notes that Trilling never defines liberalism, preferring to specify what it is not.⁷ Trilling’s liberalism occupies the political middle between the extremes of Stalinism and Fascism. Trilling’s novel The Middle of the Journey (1947) specifically invokes a middle course for U.S. postwar society, which complements the centrist position of his more conservative contemporary, Arthur Schlesinger Jr., in The Vital Center: The Politics of Freedom (1949).⁸
Today it is difficult to imagine liberalism as a political middle course, because since the anti-war, civil rights, and women’s movements of the late 1960s, liberalism has moved steadily to the left in U.S. popular culture. The label liberal in political contests today inevitably designates a left-leaning person incapable of bipartisan cooperation in practical politics. Moderate Democrats running for political offices avoid the designation liberal, and a politician like President Barack Obama, who endorses many liberal positions, has had a very hard time claiming the middle ground and bipartisanship that were hallmarks of his successful presidential campaign.
The Liberal Imagination was remarkably influential for a book that is an odd amalgam of literary and cultural essays previously published. The chapters do not develop a progressive thesis, even if they return to several central themes, and they do not offer even a clear great literary tradition. As a specialist in late Victorian and early twentieth-century literary modernism, Trilling includes four influential but by no means representative modern U.S. writers: Theodore Dreiser, Sherwood Anderson, Henry James, and F. Scott Fitzgerald. Their works serve Trilling as examples of various sorts of modern realism, rather than radical avant-garde experimentalism. Henry James stands above the other three as a triumphant psychological realist best able to imagine the complexities of the liberal individual. Trilling’s nineteenth-century literary authors include William Wordsworth, Mark Twain, and Rudyard Kipling, suggesting the importance of English influences on the American literary tradition. Other chapters on The Partisan Review, Freudian approaches to literature and culture and classical history may address various challenges to Trilling’s humanist tradition, but there is no clear argument connecting the sixteen chapters of the book.
Trilling’s preface is often quoted, but despite its involuted, scholarly style it relies on journalistic claims rather than analytic arguments. None of these aspects of The Liberal Imagination accounts for the book’s substantial influence in scholarly and public intellectual circles over the next two decades. What does account for its impact is its overall invocation of a critical spirit of the age, at least in the United States, which had been building from the fin de siècle to the post–World War II era. Trilling’s term for this critical attitude is aptly and quotably the liberal imagination, the faculty Wordsworth famously contends the poet possesses in greater degree but not kind from the ordinary man.⁹ Louis Menand is thus not entirely correct to claim that Trilling never defines the liberal imagination. Although Trilling only offers a negative definition of the phrase in his preface, each chapter offers an exemplification of the liberal imagination, especially those chapters devoted to great literary works and authors.
The qualities of the liberal imagination are clear and distinct. First, the liberal subject (author or citizen) is capable of imagining other positions and values than his own. A crucial function of this imaginative faculty is the negative capability Trilling admired in Keats’s formulation of the ability to avoid settled ideas and recognize a certain ignorance or horizon to one’s own knowledge, in order to keep the mind open to new ideas and experiences.¹⁰ Second, the liberal imagination relies on a critical spirit, which identifies a discrepancy between . . . present particular manifestations of liberalism and its ideal (LI, xxi). Trilling was influenced strongly by the English romantics’ and American transcendentalists’ criticism of the political liberalism that supported unregulated economic progress, territorial expansion, and personal freedom. Trilling feared liberalism itself could become an ideology without new ideas, as it had during the Presidency of Andrew Jackson (LI, xvi). Third, the liberal imagination depended upon a complex philosophical and psychological subject whose individualism was built upon both creative and analytic powers, such as those Coleridge named primary and secondary imaginations, and thus could not be reduced to his political or class affiliations.
Caught between being used by The Sun and Moon anarchist group as an assassin and the lure of aristocratic wealth and power, James’s Hyacinth Robinson in The Princess Casamassima (1886) finally chooses suicide. In Trilling’s interpretation of one of James’s most politically explicit novels, Hyacinth represents the tragic fatality for the individual who is ideologically manipulated: Hyacinth dies sacrificially, but not as a sacrificial lamb, wholly innocent; he dies as a human hero who has incurred a certain amount of guilt (LI, 85). Unlike Hyacinth, Henry James can imagine both political extremes, weigh their respective intellectual and psychological appeals, and yet avoid their coercions. Fourth, the liberal imagination is characterized by modern cosmopolitanism and its apparent advocacy of universal human rights. Trilling’s Liberal Imagination is transnational in a highly limited way, relying on Anglo-American modernism and invoking a European, Sigmund Freud, only insofar as he has entered into the dominant cultures of England and the United States. Universality for Trilling remains structured by the most civilized cultures and is in no way qualified by subsequent criticisms of Eurocentrism. For Trilling, the West is the best because its cultural achievements, especially in literature, exhibit the best examples of the liberal imagination. All of this suggests why the transnational Henry James, whose international theme was so important for Trilling’s Columbia colleague Fred Dupee, would achieve such a central position in Trilling’s book.¹¹
What accounts for the success of The Liberal Imagination is in part the long legacy of such liberalism from Emerson to William James and John Dewey to Trilling and many of the New York Intellectuals, as well as the postwar cultural demand for a middle ground between the political impasses of Stalinism and European fascism. Trilling’s version of liberalism is particularly conservative in its emphasis on bourgeois values, its defense of modernist realism over a more radical avant-garde, and its neglect of race, gender, and sexuality. Published four years before the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision of 1954, Brown vs. Board of Education, and in the midst of the growing unrest among African Americans regarding their continuing lack of civil, social, and economic rights, The Liberal Imagination has virtually nothing to say about the issues of race and ethnicity, despite its invocation of an international romanticism marked by its commitment to abolition and universal human rights. There is one weird footnote in the essay Art and Fortune about the question of whether the American attitude toward ‘minority’ groups, particularly Negroes and Jews, is not the equivalent of class differentiation (LI, 250–53). Trilling’s answer is clearly that minority groups do not suffer from the same discrimination as those relegated to a lower class, because the excluded group faces no real cultural struggle, no significant conflict of ideals, insofar as it has the same notion of life and the same aspirations as the excluding group (LI, 250–3). By linking Negroes and Jews, Trilling tacitly claims to know experientially what he is saying here, having faced discrimination as a Jewish professor at Columbia, but his assumption that all such minority groups share the concept of life and human aspirations with all other groups, especially the excluding group, belongs to the ideology of American assimilation and consensus history. The fact that Trilling buries his one observation about ethnic minorities in a footnote under the urgent historical circumstances I have mentioned needs little further comment.
Trilling’s hero in The Liberal Imagination is clearly Henry James, but Trilling has little to say about James’s ability to imagine the social and psychological bondage of nineteenth-century women to patriarchal values and nothing to say about James’s ambivalent sexual identity and its imaginary representation in his fiction. Is it possible to think liberally about Hyacinth Robinson, for example, without considering the extensive coding of The Princess Casamassima in reference to the gay subculture of Victorian London?¹² Because of the particularly repressive social climate for gays and lesbians in the United States in the 1950s, challenged aggressively by one of his best students, Allen Ginsberg, Trilling ought to have reflected critically on the politics of sexuality, as do three of his most important literary examples: Theodore Dreiser, Sherwood Anderson, and Henry James. For a book in which the cultural significance of Freudian psychoanalysis is addressed in three separate chapters—chapter 4, Freud and Literature ; chapter 10, Art and Neurosis ; and chapter 14, The Kinsey Report —Trilling’s neglect of gender and sexuality is as noticeable as his disregard of race and ethnicity.
Of course, Trilling does address rather infamously homosexuality in his review of Alfred Kinsey, Wardell Pomeroy, and Clyde Martin’s Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948). The Kinsey Report is the fourteenth essay in The Liberal Imagination, and it is one of the central examples of how Trilling’s literary criticism might be applied to society, as his subtitle promises. Trilling addresses homosexuality in the Kinsey Report by concluding that these psychiatrists have thereby judged homosexuality to be an unexceptionable form of sexuality, but he himself cannot help but read into the report that their opinion of the etiology of homosexuality as lying in some warp—as our culture judges it—of the psychic structure has not, I believe, changed (LI, 232). This conclusion is certainly more subject to Trilling’s interpretation than the report itself, but what is even more troubling is Trilling’s waffling with regard to the conclusion we ought to draw from the report that homosexuality is an unexceptionable form of sexuality : There can be no doubt that a society in which homosexuality was dominant or even accepted would be different in nature and quality from one in which it was censured (LI, 232). Trilling knows indubitably that in Anglo-American societies from the late Victorian period (his exact area of scholarly specialization) to the United States in 1950, homosexuality has been censured by severely punitive laws. Rather than engage the issue of the discrimination against homosexuals, Trilling prefers instead to accept the social constructedness of liberal society as one in which such discrimination is part of the social contract. Trilling then follows this odd, conservative conclusion with an indictment of what today we understand by the phrase liberal permissiveness : The Report has the intention of habituating its readers to sexuality in all its manifestations; it wants to establish, as it were, a democratic pluralism of sexuality. And this good impulse toward acceptance and liberation is not unique with the Report but very often shows itself in those parts of our intellectual life which are more or less official and institutionalized (LI, 232–33). Trilling confesses that this generosity of mind is to be admired, but when we have given it all the credit it deserves . . . , we cannot help observing that it is often associated with an almost intentional intellectual weakness (LI, 233). The liberal imagination, it would appear, has certain limits for
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New clues to the lost tomb of Alexander the Great discovered in Egypt
It was the last hour of the last day of a long, frustrating dig, and Calliope Limneos-Papakosta was ready to go home. For 14 years the Greek archaeologist had been scouring Shallalat Gardens, a public park in the heart of Alexandria, Egypt, for traces of Alexander the Great, the ancient conqueror-turned-pharaoh who gave the city his name. Now it was time to leave—empty-handed.
Buried and forgotten for centuries, the foundation walls of a monumental building dating to the era
of Alexander the Great have been uncovered in the Egyptian city named in his honour
[Credit: National Geographic]
Then a bit of soil shifted in the pit and Papakosta’s assistants called her over to inspect a piece of white marble poking out of the dirt. She had been disappointed in the dig, but when Papakosta saw the flash of white stone, she felt a surge of hope.
Buried and forgotten for centuries, the foundation walls of a monumental building dating to the era of Alexander the Great have been uncovered in the Egyptian city named in his honor.
“I was praying,” she says. “I hoped that it was not just a piece of marble.”
Her prayer was answered. The artifact turned out to be an early Hellenistic statue bearing every hallmark of Alexander the Great. It was a powerful incentive for the discouraged archaeologist to keep digging.
Archaeologist Calliope Limneos-Papakosta has been digging for more than 20 years in hopes of finding
the tomb of Alexander the Great. "I have a dream," she says, "and I will go on until I fulfill it"
Seven years later, Papakosta, who directs the Hellenic Research Institute of the Alexandrian Civilization, has dug down 35 feet beneath modern-day Alexandria and uncovered the ancient city’s royal quarter.
“This is the first time the original foundations of Alexandria have been found,” says Fredrik Hiebert, archaeologist in residence at the National Geographic Society. “It gave me goosebumps to see it.”
And the site may yield one of archaeology’s biggest prizes—the lost tomb of Alexander the Great.
Rising seas, sinking site
Once the world’s most powerful leader, Alexander was just 20 years old when he became king of Macedonia following the assassination of his father, Philip II, in 356 B.C. Over the next 12 years the brilliant, ambitious Alexander toppled every rival empire in his path, including Persia and Egypt, where he declared himself pharaoh. The restless warrior died in 323 B.C. at age 32. His remains did not rest easy.
After 14 years of fruitless digging, Papakosta unearthed this early Hellenistic marble statue
of Alexander the Great, now exhibited at the National Museum of Alexandria.
The discovery, she says, was her "greatest moment"
After being argued over by his advisers, Alexander’s body was buried first in Memphis, Egypt, then in the city that bears his name. There, his tomb was visited and venerated like the temple of a god.
After 14 years of fruitless digging, Papakosta unearthed this early Hellenistic marble statue of Alexander the Great, now exhibited at the National Museum of Alexandria. The discovery, she says, was her "greatest moment."
But Alexandria and its founder’s tomb were under threat—not from invading forces, but from nature. A decade before Alexander’s birth, in 365 B.C., a tsunami inundated the city. The disaster marked the start of a long era of earthquakes and rising sea levels. (Sea level rise still threatens Alexandria today.)
As the sea encroached to the north, the waters of the Nile Delta on which Alexandria is situated caused the ancient part of the city to slowly sink at a rate of up to 0.25 centimeters a year—as much as 12 feet since Alexander’s time. The city survived, building over its ancient portions and ballooning to a population of more than five million.
Over time the city’s foundations were buried and forgotten, along with the location of Alexander’s tomb. Though ancient authors such as Strabo, Leo Africanus, and others described the tomb, its location relative to the modern city remains a mystery.
The tomb’s murky location hasn’t kept archaeologists from searching for it. Records exist of more than 140 officially sanctioned excavations, all of which failed. But the tomb’s elusiveness has only increased its cachet: To find Alexander’s tomb would be on par with discovering Tuthankhamun’s.
Shovels, pumps, and persistence
Hope of a historic find keeps Papakosta digging, guided by ancient accounts and a 19th-century map of Alexandria before its boom. She also uses modern technology, such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), to determine where to dig. ERT passes an electrical current into the soil to measure resistance and detect subsurface objects. So far, her team has identified 14 anomalies that may be structures far beneath the ground.
Using these and other methods, Papakosta is uncovering more and more of the city’s ancient royal quarter—including a Roman road and the remains of a massive public building that could point to Alexander’s tomb.
During his 12-year reign, Alexander the Great conquered mighty empires and became
a god-like figure. Despite centuries of searching, his tomb has yet to be found
[Credit: Universal Archive/Getty]
During his 12-year reign, Alexander the Great conquered mighty empires and became a god-like figure. Despite centuries of searching, his tomb has yet to be found.
But each discovery is hard-won. “I’m happy that I did not give up when I first arrived at the water table,” says Papakosta, who had to engineer an elaborate system of pumps and hoses to keep the site dry enough to excavate. “I was insistent and continued. I go on.”
That persistence over many years of slow, muddy work sets Papakosta apart, says Hiebert. “It's rare in my experience to find someone who's stayed at a single site for 21 years.” He compares Papakosta to a boxer who falls down, then dusts herself off and goes back into the ring. “She goes the full nine rounds.”
Over the years, Papakosta has become increasingly convinced that she’s closing in on Alexander’s lost tomb. She tempers her optimism, though, with a healthy dose of realism.
“For sure, it’s not easy to find it,” she says. “But for sure, I am in the center of Alexandria in the royal quarter, and all these possibilities are in my favor.”
Author: Erin Blakemore | Source: National Geographic [March 01, 2019]
Labels Archaeology, Egypt, Greece, Near East
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Tunnel trouble under the Hudson River is an immanent threat to the New York region's transit system
By Audrey Wachs (@gridwachs) • November 3, 2015
The NY-NJ region would see more traffic if a Hudson River rail tunnel closed for repairs (Sumith R / Flickr)
Two rail tunnels connecting New Jersey to New York are the main arteries of the regional transit system. Riders usually don’t need to focus on the infrastructure that carries them to their destinations—unless something goes wrong. Each day, 500,000 commuters use mass transit—Amtrak, PATH, and NJ Transit—to travel from New Jersey to New York and back.
After more than one hundred years in service, the rail tunnels are rapidly deteriorating. “Tunnel Trouble,” a new video released by the Regional Plan Association (RPA), warns of the dire consequences for transit on the Eastern seaboard if one of the tunnels were shut down for extensive repairs.
The daily ridership on Amtrak and NJ Transit has more than doubled, from 35,533 passengers in 1990 to 85,869 in 2013. Over the next 25 years, ridership on these lines is expected to grow more than 40 percent. Each tunnel handles inbound and outbound traffic. Typically, 24 trains pass through each tunnel each hour. The RPA states that, if one tunnel closed, only six trains per hour could pass, reducing service by 75 percent. Those with cars may chose to drive, straining an already overburdened road network.
If one tunnel closed, New Jersey Transit service would be reduced by three-quarters (Marcin Bajer / Flickr)
Hurricane Sandy inundated the tunnels three years ago. Saline river water corroded the concrete lining and damaged the Depression-era wiring. Today, mechanical problems in the tunnels create a chokepoint for local train traffic and delay regional Amtrak trains coming in and out of New York.
The RPA makes a strong case for building two new tunnels, while the current tunnels are still operable, to forestall an immanent transportation disaster. It appears, however, that the political will is lacking. In 2010, AN covered the defeat of the ARC project, an $8.7 billion transit upgrade between the New Jersey Meadowlands and Penn Station. The ARC proposed building two new single-track tunnels to alleviate the bottleneck under the Hudson. Today, and especially after the devastation of Sandy, investing in new tunnels is key to maintaining the economic health of the region.
Audrey Wachs (@gridwachs)
Audrey Wachs writes about buildings, old buildings, and cities. You can find more of her work at audreywachs.com
Amtrak New Jersey New Jersey Transit New York City Regional Plan Association (RPA)
July 12, 2019 Can you capture a portrait of a city with a taxi-mounted sensor?
July 3, 2019 New York's public housing is in crisis. Can architects design the way out?
June 19, 2019 Audible opens its next chapter in a New Jersey church
June 7, 2019 SHoP's Midtown supertall brings terra-cotta and bronze to new heights
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Posts tagged with "Manhattan":
A fresh look at RAMSA's Upper West Side luxury condos
Developer Alchemy Properties has revealed Robert A.M. Stern Architects' (RAMSA) interiors for the firm's latest building at 250 West 81st Street in Manhattan. The Zabar's-adjacent building is close to topping out, and below are renderings of the 18-story building's insides: The living room render above was released last October, Curbed reported. This is the kitchen, complete with custom millwork cabinets, marble counters and backsplashes, with Gaggenau appliances. That space is a collaboration between RAMSA and the U.K.'s Smallbone of Devizes. And here's the bathroom, which is also bedecked with marble: If a soak in the tub isn't your style, some units come with terraces: And here's the entrance... ...that leads to a marble-clad lobby with a 14-foot-high, domed ceiling. These days, what would a luxury building be without amenities? There's a gym:
And a basketball court! The website for 250 West 81st Street features more images and information about the project.
South Street Seaport’s historic New Market building slated for demolition
Manhattan’s New Market building at the South Street Seaport will be demolished, despite the efforts of preservationists to save the historic building. While a 42-story tower designed by SHoP Architects was originally slated to rise on the site, and eventually killed in December 2015, the removal of the New Market building has again raised questions over what will ultimately replace it. Built in 1939 as the last part of the surrounding Fulton Fish Market, the New Market building was designed by architects Albert W. Lewis and John D. Churchill under a commission by the Works Progress Administration (WPA). However, the market has been vacant for years and deteriorated to a point where the city has decided to remove it. When exploratory work for the Howard Hughes Corporation tower took place in 2015, a spokesperson for the city’s Economic Development Corporation (EDC) stated that the entire building was in danger of collapsing due to the decaying piles underneath the market. Although preservation groups such as Save Our Seaport were successful in preventing Howard Hughes’ tower from replacing the New Market, their suggestions appear to have fallen on deaf ears this time. The market isn’t an individual landmark and sits outside of the South Street Seaport historic district, and the city has already removed some of the building’s substructure, citing safety concerns. The timeline put out by the city will see the building fully razed by the fall of this year. Community Board 1 and the EDC have been working together to coordinate the demolition, and some Save Our Seaport members see an ulterior motive behind the market’s removal. The South Street Seaport has been a hotbed of development in recent years, and advocates claim that they were told the New Market was in part being removed to put in a construction crane for the upcoming Tin Building. The Tin Building, as with the Seaport’s cancelled condo tower and forthcoming 300,000-square foot Pier 17 market hall, was also designed by SHoP and developed by Howard Hughes. It remains to be seen how the New Market’s lot will be used after work on the Tin Building is complete, or whether the two companies will have any involvement in the long-term plans for the site.
MTA reveals comprehensive L train shutdown plan
Today the city and the MTA released a long-awaited plan to get riders to Manhattan during the L train shutdown. Among the many proposed transit tweaks, Manhattan's 14th Street will be transformed into a bus-only thoroughfare to keep rush hour running smoothy. In both boroughs, new bus routes and bike lanes will help ferry 225,000 daily would-be L train commuters to their destinations. The MTA is also beefing up service on L-adjacent lines, in part by opening up disused subway entrances in Brooklyn and running longer trains on the G line. There will also be new high-occupancy vehicle rules for those driving over the Williamsburg Bride, AMNY reported. The L train's Canarsie tunnel was badly damaged by flooding during Hurricane Sandy and has to be closed for 15 months so the MTA can perform extensive repairs. The closure, which will suspend Manhattan-to-Brooklyn service, is expected to commence in April 2019 and last through June 2020. During the shutdown, the L will run mostly normally though Brooklyn until it reaches Bedford Avenue, the final station before the tunnel. The MTA will increase service on the J, M and Z lines, and bus service along new routes will pick up riders at subway stations to carry them over the Williamsburg Bridge and through lower Manhattan. To carry an estimated 3,800 bus riders per peak hour, the lanes will be restricted to trucks and vehicles with three-plus passengers. The plan should alleviate residents' and business owners' fears over the effects of the shutdown. In Manhattan, a multilane crosstown busway on 14th Street between Third and Ninth avenues will supersede all regular traffic except local deliveries, while 13th Street will get a dedicated two-way cycling lane.
Four architects were killed in Manhattan truck attack
So far, eight people were killed and 11 injured in the Manhattan truck attack Tuesday. Four of the victims were architects from Argentina. Hernán Ferruchi, 47; Hernán Mendoza, 47; Diego Angelini, 47; and Alejandro Damián Pagnucco, 49, were friends from the General San Martín Polytechnic Institute in Rosario who were visiting New York to celebrate the 30th anniversary of their graduation from the school. The men were in a group of eight friends who had attended the school for either architecture or business. A photo taken of the group at the Rosario airport shows them wearing t-shirts with the word “libre” (Spanish for free) written on them. They were cycling on the bike path alongside the West Side Highway when a truck ran them down. Five of the eight were killed including the four architects. Rosario is home to the National University of Rosario, a strong architecture school, and the city has produced several important architects. The school issued a statement on Instagram:
In the face of recent events, where a group of alumni of the Poli celebrating their 30th anniversary of graduates in New York was immersed in an episode that still has not finished knowing the details, resulting in several deaths and other injuries, we want to express our deep pain for what happened and embrace all your loved ones in this difficult moment for which no one, never, should pass. – Polytechnic Student Center
Other victims in the attack were a Belgian woman, Anne Laure Decadt, 31, and two Americans, Darren Drake, 32, of New Jersey and Nicholas Cleves, 23, of New York. [UPDATE] One of the survivors of the attack was a professor at Brooklyn’s Pratt Institute, and the school has released a statement.
On Tuesday, October 31st Undergraduate Architecture Professor Guillermo Banchini and his friends were attacked by a terrorist along the bicycle path on Manhattan’s west side waterfront. Professor Banchini was unharmed, but I am deeply saddened to inform you that five of Professor Banchini’s closest friends were killed in the attack. I have spoken to Professor Banchini, and he has been shaken by this horrible event but remains committed to Pratt and New York City. I know I speak for all of our students and professors - and particularly those who know him well - in offering our deepest sympathies for his loss as well as our strongest possible support in this difficult time. Professor Banchini has been an extraordinary teacher and colleague in the school for ten years and the entire Pratt community wishes him the best in the face of this terrible tragedy.
New renderings revealed for Álvaro Siza's first U.S. building
Work is continuing apace on Álvaro Siza's first U.S. project at West 56th Street and 11th Avenue, on the westernmost edge of Hell’s Kitchen, Manhattan. The 35-story luxury tower is slated to rise 400 feet, and it almost goes without saying that the 80 residences within are for the ultra-wealthy. Occupants will be able to take in Hudson River views from a landscaped roof garden and a sun deck, as well as from private terraces attached to select apartments. Inside, there will be a fitness center, as well as an entertainment space, and a children’s play area. Back in January 2016, The Architect’s Newspaper (AN) got an exclusive first look at the project, only the second tower by the Pritzker Prize–winning Portuguese architect and his first building in the U.S.. Comparing this building to Siza’s 500-foot-plus apartment building in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, which features a deco-like wedding cake top, AN Senior Editor Matt Shaw called 611 West 56th Street “more subtle and refined, akin to Siza’s early structures like the Boa Nova Tea House and Piscinas de Marés in Portugal,” with a “subdued” crown that tops a proportional gridded base. Plans for the project were filed in April of last year. Interior designers Michael Gabellini and Kimberly Sheppard (founding principals of Gabellini Sheppard) are working with Siza on the building’s interior spaces, which total more than 173,000 square feet. New York’s SLCE Architects is the architect-of-record for the project.
The Anthology Film Archives moves forward with library and cafe expansion
From the outside, the Anthology Film Archives appears to be a modestly sized brick building cornering the busy streets of E. 2nd St. and 2nd Ave. in the Lower East Side. But inside the classical masonry cube exists one of the most enticing gems in the independent film world. The Anthology, equipped with one of the largest film archives, is a crucial cultural institution that supports young filmmakers as well as independent cinema research and education. Now, more than 30 years after its last transformation, the building is finally getting the makeover it was always destined to have. New York City–based Bone Levine Architects has been collaborating with the Anthology for the past four years to devise the best strategies for expanding the building to accommodate new programming and update the existing facilities. “We want to get the Anthology in shape for the next 50 years so this institution has viability,” stated Kevin Bone. The final proposal for the renovations was recently approved by the Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) and construction is set to be complete by 2020. The brick building, originally constructed as a municipal courthouse in 1919, was reopened as the Anthology in 1988 after the institution moved from its former location in Soho. The initial transformation from courthouse to cinema was led by architect Raimund Abraham (1933-2010), although his plans for the full revival of the art house were put on halt, until now. Kevin Bone of Bone Levine Architects, who worked as an associate to Raimund Abraham, told The Architect’s Newspaper that in 1988 “a lot of our ambitions were cut back in beginning [because of a limited budget]. It was ‘let’s make the basic building function the best as we can.’” Thirty-five years later, the building's transformation is finally happening. Primary features of the renovation consist of a one-story addition that will house the expanded library, a new roof terrace area, and the development of the site's alleyway space as a cafe. The firm settled on cladding the additional story with coated copper panels and a bronze wire mesh screen. “We felt that the notion of an architectural metal addition was the most appropriate so that the artifact, the masonry artifact... was best left as a pure artifact and the additional elements were clearly identified as belonging to their own vocabulary.” This juxtaposition is also carried out in the development of the alleyway connecting the Anthology with its neighboring warehouse. Greatly inspired by Abraham’s original designs, the 12-foot-wide alley space is going to be encased in a glass and iron cylindrical form. “In Raimund’s case that cylinder became a stop, that was a filler within that void between the two buildings... and was not intended to be an opening to the building.... We wanted to reverse that language and make this cylinder a kind of lantern that can be illuminated, and provide a secondary entrance into the Anthology facilities and into [the] cafe.” The isolated entrance allows the cafe to be distinguished as a separate space and opens it up to the public to provide “some badly needed public space.” The approval from the LPC for the Anthology expansion was particularly uncertain due to the visibility of the renovations on a historic building. Bone praised the LPC for “recognizing that historic buildings that are occupied by cultural institutions might need to transform to remain viable and that may require a slightly more courageous strategy towards the architecture… we are really happy to be a part of that.” Although the building is only in its fifth year of being a historic landmark, the architects are committed to preserving the Anthology’s authenticity and respect the cinema’s historical structure. “The integrity of the Anthology is impeccable,” stated Bone, “[and] that was part of [the designs]. What could we do for ourselves, on our own, that is exclusively devoted to the mission of the Anthology Archives.”
What’s being done—or not—to save Manhattan’s small businesses from Amazon and big box competition
Broadway, Manhattan’s longest street and a main commercial drag, spans the length of the island from hilly Inwood to Lower Manhattan’s breezy Bowling Green. There are shops from nose to tail, but a recent survey found that Broadway is also home to almost 200 vacant storefronts, dead zones on one of Gotham’s liveliest thoroughfares.
Glaring vacancies aren’t limited to Broadway though. From Madison and Fifth Avenue to Broadway in Soho and Bleeker Street in the West Village, high-end commercial strips in Manhattan are having trouble attracting commercial tenants. A healthy vacancy rate is 5 percent, but some fancy areas are in the midst of high-rent blight, with one in five (20 percent) storefronts vacant.
Further north, in Washington Heights, a whole block of immigrant-owned businesses were essentially evicted after new landlords proposed a 100 percent rent increase and declined to renew their leases.
The causes are predictable, but the solutions are not.
High rent, high taxes, regulations that favor owners over tenants, and plain old capitalism—the incentive for owners to seek their property’s maximum value, and the consumer’s desire to acquire goods at the lowest price—all contribute to the twin plagues of vacancy and the mall-ification (national chains displacing small, local businesses) of Manhattan. Stakeholders, though, disagree on what should be done to solve a growing crisis at street level.
This spring, the Manhattan Borough President’s Office (MBPO) recruited volunteers to count all the vacant storefronts along Broadway, citing a dearth of information on how many vacancies exist, and where. The survey follows an effort from two years ago where the office reached out to small businesses and offered potential policy solutions to businesses’ problems.
But first the report had to determine what a small business is, a question that is not as obvious as it seems.
The federal government’s Small Business Administration (SBA) measures business size by number of employees or the company’s value, depending on the sector. The Small Business Act, though, uses a measure that doesn’t exactly conjure visions of mom-and-pops: It says small businesses have fewer than 500 employees. Under the same rules, a microbusiness has fewer than five employees and requires $35,000 in capital or less to get going.
In New York State, small businesses are companies that employ fewer than one hundred people, while New York City’s Department of Small Business Services doesn’t set a number. Instead, it encourages any self-identifying businesses to seek out its resources.
Consequently, the MBPO’s March 2015 report called for a standardized measure of “small,” and the recommendations in its report are geared toward firms with 15 or fewer employees.
No matter how you define them, it’s clear that the not-so-invisible hand of the market is driving these firms out of business on Manhattan’s main streets. One problem? Stratospheric commercial rent increases. In 2014, the average asking rent in Manhattan was $65.14 per square foot. With ever-more high-income individuals flooding Manhattan, landlords are reluctant to offer 10- or 15-year commercial leases lest they get stuck with a lower-paying tenant as commercial land values in the neighborhood skyrocket.
Other problems, the report found, include businesses not having enough insurance, delaying tax payment, and under-budgeting for utilities. On the city side, some business owners in the report cited punitive agency inspectors who, instead of working with the owner to correct an issue, slapped the business with a fine.
Additional solutions don’t seem politically viable or aren’t effected at a scale that works.
A special tax for businesses in most of Manhattan eats into viability, too. In June, Mayor Bill de Blasio rejected the city council's proposal to alter commercial rent tax, an almost four percent surcharge on annual rent of $250,000 or more on businesses below 96th Street. As rents have risen, the tax threshold has stayed the same, and more businesses have become impacted. A bill (sponsored by Councilmember Dan Garodnick) that would raise the ceiling to $500,000 in annual rent didn’t make it into the final 2018 budget, though the item could be considered at a later date. If that limit were approved, the city would lose $52 million in revenue annually.
Zoning regulations encourage new development with huge storefronts that work for Chase and CVS but not for their independent counterparts. On the Upper West Side, though, neighbors are seeing mixed success from initiatives like a 2012 zoning change that limited storefronts to 25 feet, but don’t limit store size, as businesses are free to expand up or down as space permits.
But some advocates say these reforms don’t go far enough to stop business closures and the encroachment of chain stores.
“There is a crisis,” said Kirsten Theodos, cofounder of TakeBackNYC, an advocacy group for New York City small businesses. New York is losing 1,000 small businesses and 8,000 jobs per month. Theodos, who lives near the East Village, said all of this “fuels the hyper-gentrification and whitewashing of the city, a process that’s really accelerated over the past six years.”
Her group supports the Small Business Jobs Survival Act (SBJSA), a piece of local legislation that would set new rules around renewing commercial leases. Among other provisions, SBJSA would give commercial tenants, at minimum, a ten-year lease plus right to renewal and the option of arbitration to come to a new rent. The legislation is designed to slow, not stop, the rate of change in neighborhoods, and level the playing field for florists and bakeries competing for storefronts with Starbucks and Pottery Barn.
When the bill was first introduced in 2014, it had the support of 17 councilmembers—now it has the support of 26, or half the council. But in a city dominated by real estate interests, the bill is a nonstarter, Theodos explained. REBNY, the city’s largest real estate trade association, opposes the proposed rules, rallying around the idea that land values are subject to the “free market” and (incorrectly) deeming the rules “rent control.”
Even real estate boosters, though, acknowledge the downtrends in the market. According to REBNY, average asking rents in Manhattan this past spring fell in 14 of 17 of the borough’s top shopping strips compared with 2016 and record highs in 2014 and 2015. But the group maintains that a variety of factors set Manhattan apart from the suburbs, and grant the city a degree of immunity from experts’ dire predictions about the death of retail. In New York, REBNY says there are “strong market fundamentals,” including diverse food tenants, online retailers opening storefronts, and the eternal cache of a New York, NY address.
But to REBNY, doing well means collecting more rent. Fifth Avenue between 14th and 23rd streets (the Flatiron Fifth Avenue corridor) and Broadway between Battery Park and Chambers Street (the Lower Manhattan corridor) did the best, with ground floor rents rising by 18 percent to $456 per square foot in the Flatiron and 11 percent to $362 per square foot along the Lower Manhattan corridor. The report only looks at rents along main strips. Rents on side streets, according to the report, could diverge from the main drag; conversely, a gorgeous space on a prime corner may command greater asking rent and affect averages all along the strip.
It’s not only high rents and taxes that are driving businesses to close. Online shopping is slaying retailers big and small, in Manhattan and the suburbs and beyond. Right now, unchecked real estate speculation and limited protections for small-business owners mean that there is little protection against ultimately having a national bank and pharmacy on every corner.
This robotically-woven canopy will rise atop Pier 17 in Manhattan
German architect Achim Menges has designed a canopy for the SHoP Architects–designed Pier 17 at the Seaport District in Manhattan. With a form derived from beetle wings, the canopy will reside on the building's rooftop, replacing a glass pergola that had been nixed by the Landmarks Preservation Committee (LPC). SHoP's initial renderings depicted a lawned roof that people would leisurely enjoy. However, these newer renderings suggest a more intense usage of the space is possible, with large crowds of people gathered under the canopy for casual relaxation and large concerts alike. Indeed, the space has been designed to host up to 4,000 for outdoor movie screenings, tennis matches, art installations, and more. (As we also reported in 2015, when the LPC made the decision to veto the pergola, locals were wary of big crowds flocking to the area for such events.) Menges, who is a professor at Stuttgart University, has drawn inspiration from beetles in the past. The Elytra Filament Pavilion for London's Victoria & Albert Museum derived its shape from "the fibrous structures of the forewing shells of flying beetles known as elytra," and at Pier 17, his work is based around the wing casing of the potato beetle. “It had to be lightweight because it sits on top of a building,” Menges told the New York Times. “But it also had to be strong to stand up to gale force winds.” Like in London, the canopy will be robotically woven. The complex lightweight structure will be composed of glass and carbon fibers. Embedded within will be lights that illuminate the structure, making it clearly visible from the water's edge, and particularly the Brooklyn Bridge—a landmark that Menges also used to inform his design. In 2015, neighbors also voiced concerns that the pergola would block views of the Brooklyn Bridge. According to SHoP, the 250,000-square-foot, $200 million Pier 17 is to be finished in 2018. (However, SHoP is not directly involved with the design of Menges's canopy.)
Midtown East rezoning gets final approval from City Council
After five arduous years, New York City’s Midtown East rezoning proposal cleared City Council today, paving the way for new office towers to rise in the neighborhood.
The proposal, approved 42-0, updates the area’s zoning code to incentivize new, dense development and revitalize the flagging business area in order to compete with the Financial District and Hudson Yards. The 78 blocks in the area are currently home to more than 250,000 jobs and generate ten percent of the city’s property tax base, according to a New York Daily News article penned by Councilman Daniel Garodnick. The city anticipates 6.5 million square feet of office space being added to East Midtown.
Developers can build higher and gain more floor-area-ratio (FAR) by either buying landmarked air rights or making specific transit improvements (targeted mainly at subway stations). Several recent changes include the lowering of the air rights minimum: developers can purchase air rights at $61.49 per square foot, of which the proceeds will go toward a public realm fund. Developers are also required pay upfront for transit improvements if they choose to go that route; buildings will not be occupiable until those improvements are finished.
“The goal is to improve Midtown, not keep it as it is,” Councilman Garodnick said at the meeting.
The city has committed $50 million to start improving public spaces—before anything is built—and the first project includes a shared street on 43rd Street, near Grand Central Terminal. Over the next 20 years, the city estimates that up to 16 properties could take advantage of the rezoning.
How to solve NYC’s most awkward developer feud
Terreform is a nonprofit center for urban research and advocacy, founded in 2005. We’ve long taken an interest in the fate of Pier 40 (our studio is a few blocks away) and the development of the Hudson River waterfront. We were involved in doing analysis and design in response to the recent air rights transfer across West Street and the funding it brought for vital repairs to the pier. We’d previously offered a proposal for relocation of a portion of the NYU expansion to the site. We’ve been closely observing the ongoing contretemps over Barry Diller’s proposal to build a new entertainment pier on the site of the largely vanished Pier 55 at a project cost of $250 million. While we greatly admire the work of Thomas Heatherwick (the scheme’s imaginative designer), have no issue with generous philanthropy, and ardently wish to see the Hudson River Park become ever more splendid and capacious, we do wonder at the logic of this particular investment in the context of a public space obliged to financially fend for itself and monumentally strapped. More specifically, we wonder whether this enormous investment—and the program it will support—might be directed to a place where it is far more urgently needed and appropriately housed: Pier 40. Pier 40 has represented a frustrating combination of problem and opportunity for years, somehow stymying all efforts to realize its full public potential. At present, it provides invaluable and beloved sports fields to the community but its primary “service” is as a huge parking lot. This may be a cash cow for the Hudson River Park Trust but it’s surely the least appropriate possible use for such a vast and charismatically-sited facility. Likewise, most of the proposals that have been floated for Pier 40’s renewal over the years have been over-focused on two private styles of reconstruction, on luxury housing or office space, rather than on realizing its truly remarkable potential as a scene of pleasure and recreation. Our idea is simple: invest the $250 million earmarked for Pier 55 in Pier 40. Build facilities—theaters and a park—of exactly the same size and capacity as planned for the uptown site. Then add as much additional fabulousness as possible. The attached sketches show expanded recreational and sports facilities (including indoor tennis courts and gyms and a pool), more theaters and performance spaces (featuring a large amphitheater with a floating stage that might migrate around the city), a vast forested rooftop and sculpture garden, a marina, a complex of waterside restaurants, a school, community offices, a small hotel, ample opportunities for strolling and sitting along the water, and dock space for a variety of ships and boats. The whole might not generate quite the revenue as parked cars but the stream could be ample and the initial subvention would take care of the expense of construction. Thomas Heatherwick would be great choice for architect! We look forward to the handshake between Barry Diller, Douglas Durst, Bill de Blasio, and Andrew Cuomo that seals this win-win deal!
How to save Manhattan's Garment District
The garment industry—and its district in west Midtown, New York—continues to be underappreciated within a city that has transitioned to one that consumes material goods rather than producing them. As recently as 2009, alternative zoning was proposed in an attempt to consolidate all the manufacturers into one building in the Garment District (see our 2009 article “Shrink to Fit”). This spring, the Economic Development Corporation (EDC), which supports manufacturers, proposed to eliminate the special zoning laws that promote the preservation of industrial space in the district. This current zoning overlay requires a one-to-one replacement of manufacturing space when (in general) a landlord converts space to commercial use, but it has been loosely enforced. While the proposal maintains the existing industrial zoning, it is not favored by the manufacturing community, Manhattan Borough President Gale Brewer, community boards, or groups such as the Garment District Alliance, Design Trust for Public Space, and the Municipal Art Society, among others. Together, these parties, who have requested additional time to review the proposal, have formed a steering committee in advance of the formal land-use review process (ULURP), slated to commence in August 2017.
The new proposal would also place limits on construction of new hotels in the area, which are considered “industrial use,” but has pressured industrial owners to sell. The city promises $15 million in technical assistance and costs for relocation into city-owned spaces in the Brooklyn Army Terminal ($100 million capital investment) or a future city-operated garment center building in Sunset Park ($136 million capital investment) to be completed in 2020. However, the synergy of the interdependent ecosystem of designers, contract manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors still has an irreplaceable value, even as it erodes.
Two alternate propositions:
Instead of removing the preservation requirements of the District’s zoning, I am proposing two scenarios to sustain the Garment District’s dense cluster of what I call “Vertical Urban Factories.” One approach could be to embrace the District’s organic mix of garment industries and residential, office, and retail space in a unique hybrid building type. Industrial preservation requirements could instead be tightened through “mandatory inclusionary manufacturing,” similar to the mayor’s plan for requirements for housing in newly rezoned areas.
Most mixed-use industrial districts (or “MX” districts) are proven to tip toward residential and commercial development because of the higher rents they command, and building owners profit from the industrial conversion to more lucrative uses. The Garment District is no different; it is an industrial zone, with other nonindustrial uses allowed. But since fashion is a lighter industry, like other niche design-driven industries, it is actually clean and quiet and can be easily integrated with office and residential uses in the same buildings. What if the higher-value residential tenants could consciously support the lower-rent garment tenants (or other light manufacturing spaces) through cross-subsidies? The result would be a diverse mix of making, selling, playing, and living; creating a 24/7 work-live community. The ground floor could remain retail space relating to the supplies that comprise the products—buttons, zippers, sequins, fabrics—while the lower and middle floors, where the showrooms are often located, would be required to be maintained as factories. The upper floors could contain the higher-value showrooms, and commercial and residential units. In reverse, new hotels could be required to house garment manufacturing, and guests could have a unique experience of watching manufacturing from their hotel rooms!
Another approach is to make the garment workers visible, injecting energy into the area with new physical transparency, exposing the industrial mysteries of workers making patterns, cutting, sewing, and pleating fabrics, in what I call the “consumption of production.” The emergence of industry-as-spectacle combines retail with making, so that the consumer also can see into the process from beginning to end, in our experience economy. This would be part of a longtime tradition of urban merchants and their workshops, or even the phenomenon of open kitchens in restaurants, and follows new interests in authenticity. In this new context, it combines another hybrid of retail-factory spaces for urban chocolatiers, coffee roasters, and bakers bringing street life to cities. In doing so, we can redefine and bolster the dynamism and diversity of our innovative and productive city.
Manhattan borough president rejects city's East Harlem rezoning proposal
Manhattan Borough President Gale Brewer formally announced today that she opposed the city’s proposal to rezone East Harlem; the rezoning would bring more high-rise residential development to the area.
In a detailed report, Brewer cited the proposed concentrated density along Third and Park Avenues, a lack of new affordable housing units, and a failure to preserve existing affordable housing units as reasons for rejecting the proposal. She also criticized Mayor Bill de Blasio’s administration for not taking into account the concerns raised by Community Board 11.
"We are left with an incomplete picture of what the impact of this application will be and how we can ensure the better future for the community promised by the applicant," Brewer wrote. "Ultimately, the current proposal falls short in both the land use and the programmatic categories."
The rezoning proposal would allow the buildings in a 96-block stretch of East Harlem to be built higher in order to incentivize development in the neighborhood. Consequently, according to Brewer, the plan would enable building forms that would tip the balance towards market-rate development and not affordable housing.
The proposal has incited backlash and controversy from the neighborhood’s residents; a Community Board 11 meeting in June descended into chaos when residents stormed the stage. Locals fear that rezoning will only expedite the rapid gentrification that is spreading.
The rezoning is part of Mayor de Blasio's broader push to create or preserve 200,000 units of affordable housing over the next decade.
But East Harlem, while a neighborhood with one of the highest concentrations of affordable housing, has been steadily losing its affordable housing stock. About 80 percent of the people who live in the neighborhood live in some form of regulated housing and approximately 12,000 households that face severe housing needs, according to the East Harlem Neighborhood Plan (ENHP).
The ENHP was submitted to the administration in 2016, supported by Council Speaker Melissa Mark-Viverito and Brewer, and focused on a bottom-up approach to de Blasio’s plan.
“Here, the community gave extensive, thoughtful and informed input, but the administration could not see its way to support significant elements of the community’s recommendations, which forces me to recommend a disapproval of the application,” Brewer said.
Although Brewer’s lack of support is non-binding, the plan is expected to undergo changes before making its way to the City Planning Commission and City Council.
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Bilgrami – Philosophy book compiles expert analysis on non-Western secularity
Philosophy book compiles expert analysis on non-Western secularity
Dan Garisto – March 10, 2016
Columbia Spectator
“What is the character of secularism in countries that were not pervaded by Christianity?”
“To what extent is the secular an imposition of colonial rule?”
For three years, Tarrytown, New York played the host to political and philosophical debates between professors from Columbia and other universities trying to answer questions like these on the issue of secularism.
The culmination of these conversations is “Beyond the Secular West,” which was published by Columbia University Press this month. Edited by philosophy professor Akeel Bilgrami, “Beyond the Secular West” is an interdisciplinary collection of essays that look at the rise and existence of secularism and secularization in non-Western countries.
“Beyond the Secular West” is the spiritual successor to Charles Taylor’s 2007 book “A Secular Age,” which examined the growth of secularism in the West.
Both secularism and secularization have received an expansion of interest in the past decade as Islamic extremism has spread and Americans have become less religious.
Bilgrami and his fellow authors draw a sharp line between secularism and secularization in their book—secularization is the loss of belief, whereas secularism is a purely political doctrine separating church from state.
“You can have a great deal of religious devotion, and devout people can be completely secularist even though they’re not secularized,” Bilgrami said.
However, the authors argue that the distinction between church and state is not necessarily as clear in non-Western countries. Souleymane Diagne, a professor of French and philosophy at Columbia and a contributor to the book, wrote, “as Islam makes no sharp division between sacred and secular affairs, it expects governments to be imbued with righteousness.”
This elision of lines between government and religion used to exist in the West as well, before the rise of nationalism, according to Bilgrami.
“The method of creating the feeling for the nation was to find an external enemy within and hate them and subjugate them and say the nation is ours, not theirs,” Bilgrami said. “That’s how the feeling of nationalism was created—the Jews, the Irish, the Catholics in Protestant countries, the Protestants in Catholic countries.”
But setting the majority against the minority had repercussions.
“There was internecine strife between religious minorities and majorities. And that gave rise to the feeling that we have to stop this, and religion itself must be taken out of the state,” Bilgrami said.
Many non-Western countries like India never quite went through a similar process or the process of secularization that occurred as a result of the Protestant Reformation. However, that does not preclude them from being secular, Bilgrami and his co-authors argue.
The form this secularity takes can be radically different though. As Bilgrami explains in his essay on India, secularity there is not “a subtraction of religious elements,” but is rather a “deliberate construction … in which aspects of religion itself played a central role.”
Although the work is couched deeply in theory and academia, understanding the way in which nations and people are secular can reveal practical truths.
According to Bilgrami, without Western secularization, many non-Western countries with large indigenous populations have retained a different conception of nature: They believe it is not a resource, but that it is sacred and has rights.
Bilgrami notes that these beliefs have directly impacted policy and, for example, led Ecuador to leave oil in the ground and stopped uranium mining in Australia. It is this sort of difference between Western and non-Western countries that “Beyond the Secular West” focuses on and magnifies.
“That transformation of nature into natural resources … coincided with the desacralization of nature, because if God was in nature, you couldn’t take from it with impunity,” Bilgrami said.
For Western nations, though, these sacred restrictions do not exist, which Bilgrami said may have even led to difficulties combating environmental problems like climate change.
“Now it’s just a resource, and now they’re realizing there’s something wrong,” he said.
Click here to access the full article.
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Investor Jim Rogers analyzes Japan and America's economies and predicts that the 21st century will be characterized by China's ascendancy.
February 2005 February 2005 December 1995 May 1995 May 1995 January 1995 January 1995 September 1994 September 1994 July 1994
Don Nelson; Ian Schrager; Jim Rogers
World, Business, Sports
New York Knicks head coach Don Nelson; Hotelier Ian Schrager on Miami Beach; Jim Rogers on the global economy. 54:03
Jeremy Grantham
World, Business
Jeremy Grantham, co-founder and chief investment strategist of the asset management firm GMO, on the U.S. economic slowdown. 54:30
Kevin Rudd, president of the Asia Society Policy Institute, assesses the economic impact of the Chinese stock market crash. 17:58
Tung Chee-hwa; Prime Minister Sukhbaatar...
Tung Chee-hwa on building greater understanding between the U.S. and China; P.M. Sukhbaatar Batbold of Mongolia. 52:41
R. W. Apple; John Harris; Henry Schacht
World, Politics, Business, Law
R. W. Apple, Jr. on possible Clinton impeachment; John Harris on other political crises; former Lucent C.E.O. Henry Schacht. 53:07
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Electric Fence Project for Improved Human-Bear Coexistence
Nicole Whittington-Evans
Alaska is an extraordinary place to live, work and recreate for many reason, including that every day in Alaska’s summer and fall is a “Bear-Aware” and “Bear Safety” day. Those who live in Alaska live among bears, be they black, brown or polar bears, and Defenders is working hard with partners to ensure that more people take steps to better coexist with these iconic predators. Our aim is to reduce human-bear conflicts that often result in dead bears, and we are using a number of strategies to reduce conflicts, with the hope that Alaskans ultimately will better coexist with bears.
Last year alone in Anchorage - Alaska’s largest city - a total of 41 bears were killed in defense of life and property, which were among the highest totals ever recorded. Many of these kills could have been avoided with proper trash and food storage, and with the use of electric fences to keep bears away from attractants. Trash, food and livestock are among items that commonly attract bears. Defenders in Alaska is involved in Anchorage’s Bear Safety Committee to coordinate with partners and share bear safety information with Anchorage residents, and we’ve initiated coexistence programs on the Kenai Peninsula in southcentral Alaska and in the Arctic.
Cheryl Strahl
In Alaska’s Arctic, loss of sea ice from climate change has meant that more endangered polar bears are spending longer periods of time on land, including near or in communities, such as Kaktovik in northeast Alaska. Since 2010, Defenders has supported and provided food storage lockers for the community of Kaktovik, since traditional, underground ice houses are no longer dependable for food storage due to climate change. The majority of polar bears in the Kaktovik area are part of the Southern Beaufort Sea population, which has dramatically declined, and is the most threatened of all polar bear populations in the world due to sea ice loss from climate change.
The Kenai Peninsula, in southcentral Alaska, has an isolated, at-risk brown bear population that has experienced significant habitat encroachment from housing and other developments and increased “defense-of-life-and property” kills. Defenders is working with Kenai Peninsula communities and agency partners to ensure that bear-proof trash containers, educational signs and food storage lockers are in place, and we are encouraging property-owners to build electric fences around bear attractants, such as livestock. This coming year, in partnership with Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Defenders is launching an electric fence subsidy program on the Kenai Peninsula, that is modeled after a similar and very successful Defenders program started in Montana.
As part of our outreach and education for the electric fence subsidy program, Defenders worked with students from the University of Alaska, Anchorage, to build an electric fence model, which the students completed as part of a final project for a Conservation Biology class. The students have written about their experience learning about electric fences and building the model below.
We are six students from the University of Alaska Anchorage (UAA) that recently finished our Spring 2019 semester. We were all in a conservation biology class together, and as a service-learning component for the course, we collaborated with Defenders of Wildlife, to build an interactive electric fence model for the public. We also wrote a brochure that includes steps on how to build an electric fence as well as detailing important safety information.
While there were several service-learning projects to choose from, this one stood out to us the most because we all wanted to learn more about bear safety in general, since we live in a state where bears are prevalent. Knowing how to build an electric fence is also valuable knowledge to have in order to protect property and limit unnecessary conflict between bears and people. For example, some members of our group chose this project to learn how to protect a chicken coop from would-be intruders! Having chickens is a great urban farming start, so this project helped us learn how to maintain chickens’ safety by keeping bears from becoming habituated to human foods not found in the wild.
The first steps we took to build the model was to research what is involved in building an electric fence. Though some of us have encountered pre-built electric fences before, none of us knew how to build an electric fence from scratch. After compiling and exchanging information, we created a list of essentials for an electric fence fit for an urban backyard and then created a second list of model items that we needed to represent the real materials needed to build an electric fence.
Members of our group gather to discuss and put together our model.
Our model is intended to be helpful for presentations and could be used for outreach events. It is meant to be interactive, and being a small-scale version of an actual electric fence, it can help people visualize what they would need to build one of their own.
Electric fences are a great way to protect both property and wildlife. They are economical, easy to install, safe, reliable, and durable. Electric fencing delivers a short and safe, but memorable shock to a would-be intruder to create a psychological as well as a physical barrier, unlike barbed wire which can cause severe cuts and long-lasting pain. Animals remember and develop a respect for the fence, which results in less harm and fewer conflicts. While the fence might require some upkeep like any other piece of equipment, it lasts a lot longer than a traditional fence and stays in good condition because animals learn to stay away.
Final presentation in conservation biology class about the electric fence model final project
We all enjoyed the experience to work alongside Defenders of Wildlife during this project and some of our personal responses are as follows:
“I am very excited about the outcome of the model and this project. With less than two weeks to work on this project, it was a bit overwhelming to take on because I had no clue about how an electric fence worked. After research and educating myself on how electric fences are constructed and their benefits to human-bear coexistence, I became more comfortable with the idea. I had always been curious about electric fences and their usefulness, whether they were safe or just humans taking the easy way out. Learning more about the usefulness of electric fences is why I wanted to choose this project in the first place. My thoughts on electric fences have increased positively, and I hope to be able to educate and influence others on the safeguards of having an electric fence as we increasingly have interactions with bears throughout Alaska.” -Kang Yang
“I was skeptical at first of getting the model successfully finished in our time frame of a couple weeks. But the model shows exactly how a bear fence should work to protect your crops or livestock. I personally have set up a small bear fence around our game meat while out hunting and it was cool to gain the knowledge of how larger scale ones are just as simple and highly effective. Because we share the earth with these animals, we need to respect them and try everything we can to make them non-dependent on us for food. Bear fences are a deterrent and they are a step toward keeping bears and other predators wild. We as humans can take extra steps like setting up fences or get bear proof trash cans. These are the ways we can help out and create less of an impact on wildlife, because it’s better to deter wildlife then to have to take wildlife to defend your property. I loved the opportunity to work with this awesome group and Defenders of Wildlife to gain some knowledge and help with the education of the public to keep bears safe and wild.” -Hunter Littlefield
“I think often times conservation can seem like such a broad topic and many people don’t see how they can help as an individual in the big scheme of things. However, this project opened my eyes to ways in which individuals can have a big impact when multiple people and communities get involved. This ‘backyard’ solution can make a big difference in decreasing mortality of bears due to defense of life and property killings. Bears will be safer as they will not depend on humans for a food source. Likewise, humans and their property will be protected from bears who may be a little too curious. I am grateful to have been a part of this project to be able to help create a medium for education and outreach to the public.” -Dani Owens
“I've always been fascinated by large predators, and I think conservation solutions that take into account the needs of both animals and humans are vital. In Alaska, views on bears in populated areas vary greatly. Some people see them as a nuisance, while others are thrilled at the chance to get a glimpse of an iconic animal so close to home. Regardless of personal views and experiences, we can all agree that keeping bears from becoming dependent on man-made food sources is good for all parties involved. I think this project has the potential to help shift people's perception of bears, and start taking more responsibility for protecting their own land and property without having to resort to killing bears. Hopefully, this change in mindset will lead to more Alaskans searching for ways to coexist with our local wildlife. The most surprising part of this project for me was discovering all the resources available to help people set up their own electric fences- it really is an attainable solution- and I hope our model helps show that.”
-Kat Beaudin
“I moved to Alaska for school about a year ago and never received formal bear safety training. I used my involvement with this project as a medium to learn that information. I then provided that same information to other international students who were also in the same position as me. The other reason I was intrigued by this project came from my desire to present complex information in such a way that people from all walks of life can interpret it - building an interactive fence model did just that.” -Yemi Knight
“Living in Alaska, it’s extremely important to know how to coexist with wildlife. This project was an effective and interesting way to spread knowledge to the community. It was really neat to see an organization like Defenders of Wildlife create real solutions for local issues and provide the public with a way to take action.” - Carmen Field
Educational events where we showcased the model
Since the University of Alaska, Anchorage Conservation Biology students built the electric fence model, Defenders has show-cased it during two bear-safety educational events this spring at the Alaska Zoo in Anchorage, and informed close to five hundred members of the public about bear attractants, coexistence and the benefits of electric fences. We intend to reach many hundreds more in the coming year with our electric fence workshops.
The bears test out bear-resistant containers
Alaska Program Director
Nicole Whittington-Evans started her environmental career studying and working on wildlife issues.
Defenders in Action
Wildlife & Wild Places
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Home Reviews Review: ‘Night, Mother at the Strand Theater
Review: ‘Night, Mother at the Strand Theater
Bill Kamberger
In his classic acting guidebook Audition, Michael Shurtleff observed, “A murderer kills just one. A suicide kills the whole world.” Marsha Norman acknowledges as much in her Pulitzer Prize-winning play ‘Night, Mother, now receiving a harrowing revival by the Strand Theater Company.
Early in the play, Jessie (Andrea Bush) matter-of-factly announces to her mother, Thelma (Kathryn Falcone), that she intends to shoot herself later that evening. Shortly before that, when asked what she needs a gun for, Jessie had answered, “Protection” – a chilling reminder, in light of her subsequent revelation, of the many historical occasions, from Masada to Jonestown, when defeated people have taken their own lives rather than face what they thought would be an even worse fate at the hands of their enemies.
But who are Jessie’s enemies? When pressed, her first, seemingly flippant response is “the North Koreans,” a reply that is unsettling not just for being still timely 35 years after the play premiered, but also for highlighting how the threat of nuclear war could prompt Jessie, like the nation she calls home, to adopt a preemptive strike policy, heedless that it would eventually be just as destructive for all concerned.
Of course, Jessie also has enemies closer to home – including, we soon discern, in her own home. Though Thelma’s love for her daughter and vice versa is never in doubt, they both come to recognize that living together was “a mistake,” despite the fact that doing so has prolonged Jessie’s life – or possibly because of it.
The busy work Thelma assigns Jessie to distract her from her depression has begun to resemble servitude, and the mother’s well-intentioned meddling in her child’s life has merely exacerbated her problems. Moreover, Thelma’s desperate attempts to dissuade Jessie from going through with her stated aim inevitably backfire. At best, they sound as unconvincing as platitudes at a funeral; at worst, they highlight the very reasons why Jessie would want to be free of her mother’s browbeating, not to mention the dead-end life she represents.
Indeed, one could say that Thelma is just as much of a failure in life as Jessie: both had profoundly unsatisfying marriages, debilitating health issues, deeply disappointing offspring, and are now condemned to a housebound existence that resembles being confined in a coffin, albeit a cheerily decorated one.
The difference is that Thelma is more willing to settle, finding genuine pleasure in such modest delights as the candy that overflows her kitchen cupboards, even though it is known to be bad for her – or perhaps partly because it is. A nihilist might view Thelma’s sweet tooth as a slower form of suicide, but at least the sugar-coating diverts her for the moment – or at least it does until Jessie’s announcement causes it to curdle on the tongue.
Could it be that self-deception, if not willful ignorance, are the only ways to endure life, and that examining our pretenses too closely, ostensibly in the interest of honesty, only serves to plunge us into soul-killing despair? TJ Lukacsina’s artfully tacky set hints as much by adorning the kitchen with apple décor, so that even the clock ticking down the fateful minutes to Jessie’s promised demise takes the form of the forbidden fruit that brought the fatal knowledge of good and evil into the Garden of Eden.
On the other hand, the play suggests that committing an act that many regard as cowardly may in truth be an indication of greater courage than the Thelmas of the world could ever manage, even if they wanted to do so. “We’ve all thought about shooting somebody; we just don’t do it,” she asserts with apparent reasonableness – until we realize that she has never really taken any step that might be considered unconventional, risky, or even authentically passionate.
Worse, Thelma feels a sense of entitlement in a world where nothing is promised, not even the fruit of her womb. Confronted with losing Jessie for good, she can only keen, “I thought you were mine!” – a confession that she understands too late not only that she has overstepped her maternal rights, thereby depriving this woman of an identity of her own, but also how irrelevant she ultimately is in both that woman’s existence and the grander scheme of life.
When all is said and done, the choice is each person’s alone whether to be or not to be, and with such autonomy comes fundamental responsibility for one’s own life. Despite her many legitimate grievances against the world, Jessie, in the end, takes the blame entirely upon herself: “I’m what was worth waiting for,” she concedes, as if she were her own Godot, “and I didn’t make it.”
Fortunately, under direction by Anne Hammontree that is motherly in the best sense, Strand’s production undeniably does make it. One could quibble about the casting, necessitated though it was by a last-minute emergency: Falcone is clearly not old enough to be Bush’s natural mother, and little attempt has been made by either makeup or characterization to conceal that fact. But the bond between these women never feels less than compellingly familial, and the rapport between these actresses is love incarnate, imperfect as it may be.
Falcone rages against the dying of the light with every weapon in Thelma’s pitifully limited arsenal, including the vital humor that would be all too easy to overlook in this situation. And Bush responds with disarming affection and Zen-like calm, but also an iron will, as if Jessie were a samurai pledged to carry out seppuku, regardless of all enticements to the contrary.
There can be no winner in such a struggle, and Lukacsina’s final light cue clues us that even survival may be nothing more than a life sentence with no possibility of the parole a blackout would provide. While we’re here, however, we may as well be enlightened, and even at its darkest, the Strand’s staging is unfailingly illuminating.
Running Time: 90 minutes, with no intermission.
‘Night, Mother plays through October 14, 2018, at the Strand Theater, 5426 Harford Road, in Baltimore, MD. For tickets, call the box office at 443-874-4917, or purchase them online.
Previous articleReview: ‘She Stoops To Conquer’ at Chesapeake Shakespeare Company
Next articleReview: ‘The Comedy of Errors’ at Annapolis Shakespeare Company
Bill Kamberger was the theater critic for the Baltimore Alternative from 1995 to 2000, earning 3 Vice Versa Awards honoring excellence in the LGBT press of North America. He has also been an actor and director in Baltimore's community theaters for over 40 years, directing award-winning productions at Fells Point Corner Theatre, Spotlighters Theatre, the Vagabond Players, the Ruxton Players, and the Memorial Players, among others. The City Paper named him Best Stage Director in its 2003 "Best of Baltimore" issue.
Riverside Center for the Performing Arts Announces Cast and Creative Team for South Pacific
2019 CAPITAL FRINGE FESTIVAL
2019 Capital Fringe Review: ‘Little White Lies’
Review: ‘LadyM’ by The Welders
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Client receives £8,000 in damages after poor root canal treatment
A 54 year old female client of the Dental Law Partnership has been awarded £8,000 compensation after receiving poor root canal treatment which resulted in nearly 16 years of discomfort and will lead to the loss of a tooth.
The Claimant, from Surrey, sued a London dentist after been given unsatisfactory root canal treatment on an upper tooth.
She first attended the Defendant’s dental practice in September 1994 when the routine root canal procedure was performed on the tooth. Radiographs taken at the same practice a year later revealed that the root filling was actually fitted too short.
The Claimant attended an emergency appointment in October 1997 after experiencing swelling around the tooth and the tooth next to it. A radiograph revealed that the root filling was between 1 and 1½ cm too short. Antibiotics were prescribed to the treat the swelling. The Claimant was offered extraction or surgery to remove the infection but chose to leave the tooth alone.
In December 1998 the Claimant began experiencing tenderness at the tooth root. At an appointment in January 1999 however, the tooth was deemed stable.
Problems continued when in September 2005 the Claimant attended another dentist after experiencing further swelling around the tooth. At this appointment she was advised that further root canal treatment would be necessary to restore the tooth to health. This was confirmed by another dentist in September 2007 and an X-ray revealed an abscess on the tooth. Repeat root canal treatment was undertaken in October 2007.
The following year pus began leaking from the tooth and a consultant at a dental hospital in April 2008 confirmed that the tooth had not responded to conventional root canal treatment.
Repeat root canal treatment was again completed on the tooth in September 2008 by a specialist Endodontist.
The problems persisted when in July 2010 a consultant in Oral Surgery at a hospital advised that there was a chronic infection of the tooth and that it would need to be extracted.
The Claimant will require implant treatment to have the gap in her teeth restored.
The case was settled out of court with the Claimant receiving damages of £8,000.
Client receives £45,000 compensation for dentist’s shoddy bridge work
Man sued his dentist for failure to treat gum disease
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Netanyahu corruption probes: What you need to know
Israeli police said Tuesday there was ...
Posted: Feb 14, 2018 2:22 AM
Updated: Feb 14, 2018 2:22 AM
Israeli police said Tuesday there was "sufficient evidence" to indict Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on criminal charges in two corruption cases.
Here's what you need to know about the scandal engulfing the Israeli leader.
Why is Netanyahu being investigated?
Netanyahu is a suspect in two separate criminal investigations, known as Case 1000 and Case 2000. The cases involve allegations of receiving bribes, fraud, and breach of trust, according to police.
In Case 1000, Netanyahu is suspected of having received gifts from businessmen overseas, including cigars for himself.
The case has focused primarily on Netanyahu's relationship with Israeli billionaire and Hollywood producer Arnon Milchan, though the investigation has expanded to include other wealthy businessmen with ties to Netanyahu.
Nir Hefetz, who was once Media and Communications Director for the Netanyahu family, downplayed the seriousness of the investigation last summer. "We're talking about cigars that were given many times over the course of 17 years of friendship, so the claims that one present worth hundreds of thousands of shekels was given, or that many presents worth thousands of dollars each were given, is simply not true."
"The close friendship between the families is an unequivocal fact and cannot be denied," Hefetz added.
Milchan also denied any wrongdoing. "Milchan was asked to complete his testimony, and accordingly gave full testimony as he has done in the past, and acted in complete innocence for the good of the country in his eyes, while making sure he complies with the law," his lawyer said in September.
In Case 2000, police have investigated conversations Netanyahu had with Arnon "Noni" Mozes, the owner of one of Israel's leading newspapers, Yedioth Ahronoth, which is regularly critical of the Prime Minister.
In the conversations, transcripts of which have been leaked in the Israeli media, Netanyahu allegedly discusses limiting the circulation of Yedioth Ahronoth's major competitor -- the Sheldon Adelson-owned Israel Hayom, a right-wing newspaper seen as favoring Netanyahu -- in exchange for more favorable coverage.
Both Netanyahu and Mozes have said these were not serious discussions; rather, they each claim they were trying to expose the other's lack of trustworthiness.
Netanyahu has repeatedly proclaimed his innocence, insisting that investigators will find he did nothing wrong.
In a televised statement on Tuesday, Netanyahu said that the police recommendations "will end in nothing" and that the allegations against him "have no basis."
Police will now pass the evidence to the Attorney General, who will make a decision on whether or not to indict Netanyahu. That decision is not expected imminently.
When did the investigations begin?
Before rising to the level of criminal investigations, these inquiries began as examinations in July 2016. Six months later, investigators uncovered evidence to warrant an official investigation, according to a statement from Attorney General Avichai Mandelblit.
Netanyahu has met with investigators and been questioned 7 times now, most recently on December 15, 2017.
Police revealed the suspicion of fraud, receiving bribes, and breach of trust in August 2017.
When did the investigations get serious?
Any police investigation of a Prime Minister is a serious matter, but the investigation reached a new level in early August when Netanyahu's former chief of staff, Ari Harow, turned state's witness, agreeing to testify against his old boss.
The American-born Harow served under the Prime Minister when he was elected to his second term in 2009.
As part of the deal, Harow agreed to plead guilty of committing fraud and breach of trust in an entirely separate case. In exchange, prosecutors will request that Harow be handed six months of community service and a fine of 700,000 shekels (around $200,000) instead of a jail term, which such offenses usually attract.
Is he the only Netanyahu being investigated?
Netanyahu's wife is also under investigation, but in a completely separate case.
In September, Attorney General Avichai Mandelblit told Sara Netanyahu that he is considering an indictment on fraud and breach of trust offenses.
Mandelblit had been weighing a series of police investigations into Sara Netanyahu, but said that he was still pursuing only one of the cases against her - referred to in the statement as the "Meals Ordering Affair."
The allegation in this case is that between September 2010 and March 2013, Sara Netanyahu, along with a senior official at the Prime Minister's office claimed 359,000 shekels (about $100,000) in catering expenses from restaurants and hired chefs, even though there were cooks and chefs employed at the Prime Minister's official residence.
Submitting such expense claims is only permissible, according to the rules governing the Israeli Prime Minister, in the absence of official cooks at the residence. Sara Netanyahu had a hearing in front of the Attorney General before he made his final decision.
Sara Netanyahu has denied the allegations against her, pointing to an array of other investigations that were closed without indictment.
"The only thing the AG is still considering is the issue of food platters ordered for the Prime Minister's Office. That too is subject to a hearing and will be refuted completely," she said in September.
Are the Netanyahu probes the only ones facing the government?
No. Police are also investigating a case known as Case 3000, which involves the multimillion dollar purchase of German submarines and attack boats.
The procurements were made during Netanyahu's premiership, though the Attorney General has explicitly said that Netanyahu is not a target of the investigation.
Many in Netanyahu's inner circle have been questioned, and some have been named as suspects in the ongoing investigation.
This month, Israel's Police Chief, Roni Alsheich, said for the first time that Netanyahu will give testimony as part of Case 3000.
There are other members of Netanyahu's Likud party that are under investigation, but those cases are unrelated to Case 1000, 2000, or 3000.
Is Netanyahu worried?
Netanyahu has repeatedly denied any wrongdoing, rallying his supporters to back him. Outwardly, he has displayed an abundance of confidence that he will be cleared.
And why not? During Netanyahu's first term in the late 1990s, police recommended indicting him in two separate cases. Both times, the Attorney General decided against filing an indictment, ending the investigations against the Prime Minister. Netanyahu has predicted the same will happen again.
Under Israeli law, Netanyahu doesn't have to resign if police recommend an indictment. In fact, he only has to resign if he is convicted and if that conviction is upheld through the appeals process to the High Court, a process that could theoretically take years.
It's worth noting that other Prime Ministers have also had cases closed against them without charges being filed, including Ariel Sharon and Ehud Barak.
But, more so than anyone else, Netanyahu is aware of the unforgiving reality of Israel's political system. He has the backing right now of all of the parties in his coalition because he has won four elections and is a proven winner in domestic Israeli politics. He is an asset, especially to a right-wing government.
The moment he becomes a liability - either to his own party or to other political parties in his coalition - Netanyahu is in trouble.
In 2008, then-Prime Minister Ehud Olmert was pressured to resign by Ehud Barak, his Defense Minister and main coalition partner. Olmert was under investigation for suspected corruption and Barak believed he had become too much of a political liability.
It is also worth recalling that Netanyahu's government is firmly of the right-wing. If any of the parties in the coalition took down the government, it would likely mean shifting away from a right-wing ideology. That might not play well with those parties' conservative voter base.
Should he be worried?
Israel has not shied away from investigating and prosecuting its leaders and senior politicians.
Olmert served 16 months in prison after being convicted of taking cash from an American businessman, and receiving bribes for a housing project while he was the Mayor of Jerusalem.
Former President Moshe Katsav was convicted of rape and sexual harassment, serving five years in prison.
Aryeh Deri, the leader of the ultra-Orthodox Shas party, was convicted of taking bribes while he was the Interior Minister. He spent nearly two years in prison. He returned to politics about a decade after his release, and is once again serving as Interior Minister.
In short, if Netanyahu expects his position as Prime Minister to shield him from the investigations, history says he is mistaken.
Dismissing the chance that he would step down if police recommend an indictment, Netanyahu said, "half the recommendations from police end in nothing."
Israeli minister criticizes Netanyahu amid corruption allegations
Netanyahu, wife questioned 'under caution' in corruption Case 4000
Netanyahu demands right to confront witnesses over corruption claims
Gillum: Corruption probe doesn't involve me
Second Netanyahu confidant turns state's witness in graft probes
Prosecutors directly link Benjamin Netanyahu to another graft probe
Israeli police say there's enough evidence to indict Benjamin Netanyahu in a third corruption case
Fifth graft probe hits Netanyahu, inner circle as police chief fires back at PM
Eighth suspect arrested in Netanyahu-linked probe, as judge, lawyer dismissed
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Identify the details of the radio station
For RadioBroadcastService, collect the following information:
description: The description of the radio station.
broadcastDisplayName: The display name of the radio station.
areaServed: The area where the radio station is available.
callSign: The official government-issued callsign of the radio station.
For North America radio stations, this property is required.
broadcastFrequency: The frequency specification of the radio station.
For terrestrial AM/FM radio stations, this property is required.
For online streaming-only content, the value is set to INTERNET_STREAM.
broadcastAffiliateOf: The network of which this radio station provides programming.
If the radio station is not part of any affiliation, this property is not required.
broadcaster: The organization who owns and operates the radio station.
See the Organization section for details.
parentService: The parent radio station.
If the radio station is a repeater or translator of another radio station, this property is required.
Example of RadioBroadcastService:
"@context": "http://schema.googleapis.com",
"@type": "RadioBroadcastService",
"@id": "https://www.example.com/stations?id=1",
"url": "https://www.example.com/stations?id=1",
"name": "KABC",
"callSign": "KABC-FM",
"broadcastDisplayName": "KABC",
"description": "Local News & Information",
"broadcastFrequency": {
"@type": "BroadcastFrequencySpecification",
"broadcastFrequencyValue": "89.5",
"broadcastSignalModulation": "FM",
"broadcastSubChannel": "HD1"
"areaServed": {
"@type": "City",
"name": "San Francisco, CA"
"broadcastAffiliateOf": [
"@id": "https://www.example.com/networks/xyz",
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "XYZ",
"sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XYZ"
"@id": "https://www.example.com/networks/efg",
"name": "EFG",
"sameAs": "https://www.example.com/"
"broadcaster": [
"name": "California Local Public Broadcasting",
"sameAs": "https://www.example.org/w/clpb/"
"sameAs": "https://www.example.org/kabc",
"name": "KABC Inc"
"potentialAction": { … },
arrow_back Identify the Relationships (Overview)
arrow_forward Collect the Metadata
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“The Professor in the Cage”: Can Gottschall Bring Science to the Study of Violence?
Jonathan Gottschall’s Professor in the Cage. 2015.
A Surprise at the Bookstore
A remarkable thing happened on the way to the airport. Knowing that I would be spending a disturbingly large amount of my summer on various airplanes, I decided to make the most of it by getting caught up on some light reading. This called for a visit to a local bookstore. Out of habit I found myself walking past the martial arts shelf on the way over to “New Science Fiction.” Needless to say, I did not really expect to find anything interesting.
I respect “how to books” more than most of the experienced martial artists that I know. For me they are an easily observed indicator of the economic strength of the martial arts marketplace and the fodder for future generations of historians and cultural studies students. Still, titles like 101 Warrior MMA Workouts or Tai Chi for Everyone are not exactly the sorts of books that were going to propel me across a couple of continents.
Yet as I passed by the section my eye was immediately caught by a crisp white human skull with a disjointed jaw set against a black background. I knew that this was the cover that Penguin had used for Jonathan Gottschall’s latest popular book The Professor in the Cage: Why Men Fight, and Why we Like to Watch (2015).
The volume had been languishing somewhere near the middle of my mental “to read” list for a couple of months. It seemed like the sort of thing that I should get to, even though it was not immediately relevant to my current research projects. What most outsiders do not realize is that academics is all about greed, and our most valuable commodity is time. So any book needs to promise quite a lot to get promoted to the top of the pile.
In this case what struck me was less the relevance of Gottschall’s project than what surrounded it on the nook sized shelf that had been carved out for martial arts books. The store had stocked at least eight copies of his book, each displaying a leering skull on its spine.
Nor were the self-help books and beginners guides nearly as numerous as I had remembered. Of the 30 or so titles that were being carried six were basically literary discussions of martial arts and biographies of important practitioners. Another four books were translations of ancient Chinese or Japanese military classics. Bruce Lee continued to be well represented with four titles of his own, and another three seemed to be dedicated to various meditation practices. Only four of the titles fell into the classic “how to genera” with another three books being dedicated to conditioning workouts. In short, the selection was skewing strongly towards books about the martial arts rather than of the martial arts.
This struck me as a potentially significant moment. Is it really true that the hunger for nuanced discussions of these fighting systems is expanding at a quick enough pace that it is displacing the more traditional “how to” genera which has dominated the page of Black Belt magazine’s advertising sections since the 1960s? Obviously we have seen a gratifying increase of interest in martial arts studies as an academic project. But is this mirroring a broader trend in the martial arts marketplace?
I was suddenly struck by the realization that if someone walked into a bookstore looking for a more intellectual (if not actually scholarly) discussion of the martial arts, there was at least a possibility that they would actually find something on the shelf. This particular store even carried a copy of Shahar’s Shaolin Monastery. This is vastly different from how things were when I was growing up.
And if they were to enter the store now, the book that they would find first would be Dr. Gottschall’s Professor in the Cage. So what would they learn? What sort of impression of the academic engagement with the martial arts would they walk away with?
Suddenly this volume vaulted to the top of my mental “to read” list. I grabbed a copy and walked towards the registers at the front of the store. As I waited in line I looked over only to be greeted by another stack of laughing skulls. Apparently someone had decided that a strangely confessional story of an adjunct English professor being repeatedly mauled after taking up MMA would qualify as an “impulse buy.” “Good clean fun” I thought to myself.
Jonathan Gottschall. Photo by Gilberto Tadday. Source: Chronicle of Higher Education.
I was once asked by a reader why I review so many books that I dislike. I can understand where this question comes from, but it is not actually all that accurate. Generally when I really dislike a book I do not bother to write a review at all. In truth I only sit down and seriously engage with a text when I think that it will be worth my (and by extension your) time; again, greed and all of that. I may like a work, or see serious problems with it. But if I am talking about it on Kung Fu Tea, it is because I think that there is something really interesting that is worth pushing on a little harder.
In general that push takes the form of criticism as we probe to find the limits of an argument. Or to discover exactly how much work a theory can do for us. Perhaps to question the substantive significance of an author’s finding. Being criticized is not the worst thing that can happen to you in academics. It simply means you are part of the discussion. Being ignored, however, is a different matter. That is deadly.
Gottshall’s recent work was one that I was very tempted to ignore. As I talked with some of my friends and colleagues who also engage in the academic study of the martial arts, that was basically their thought as well. This is a work that is so profoundly flawed, both theoretically and empirically, that it is difficult to engage with. I thought very seriously about just taking their advice.
Still, something about it did not sit right with me. Once I decided to read this book I had approached it with rather high hopes. While a highly controversial figure in his field, Gottschall has graced the pages of the New York Times and other major publications, earning the status of a “public intellectual.” Coming out of graduate school he noted the declining fortunes of the humanities in comparison to the STEM fields and declared that it was time for a change of approach. Or more properly, a shift in both the fundamental questions that scholars of literature should be asking, as well as the methods that they must employ in investigating them.
Drawing on fields like sociobiology and evolutionary psychology Gottschall argued that human beings are first and foremost animals, and that the stories that they tell are often best understood as expressions of the evolutionary pressures that shaped us as a species. The best way to test this theory and to explore its implications was by dumping the bloated and increasingly unwieldly frameworks of critical theory, feminist theory and various sorts of social constructivism that dominate the study of literature in favor of actual science and math.
Needless to say, his approach found little support among the professors of literature that he was attempting to convince, and Gottschall has never managed to find a foothold in the academy. For a summary of his larger academic battles and a discussion of his current place in the field, check out this recent article in the chronicle of higher education.
Not that any of this is fatal to his current project. The American academic system produces vastly more PhDs than it does tenure-track teaching positions. It is not all that odd to find an adjunct somewhere doing really interesting and potentially important things, and it is likely to become increasingly common in the near future.
Nor is a shift towards quantitative methods and assumptions the worst thing in the world. My PhD is in political science, and while the humanities appear to have decisively rebuffed this trend, it has been very influential throughout the social sciences. Most young scholars of international relations graduating today spend more time studying matrix calculus, game theory and advanced statistics than they do on German or French. “Methodological triangulation” is the watch word of the day.
In fact, my first big article revolved around predicting when political conflicts might emerge over free trade by using data based on the careful coding of keywords in party platforms, and then running all of that through a complex statistical model to generate a very precise measurement of a party’s position on a theoretical left-right spectrum. In some ways this wasn’t really all that different from what Gottschall had attempted to do in one of his more controversial publications promoting the coding and analysis of literary works. He probably would have fit right in at a sociology or political science department. But he proved to be on the wrong side of his field’s own methodological divide.
Still, Gottschall cannot blame all of his problems on his ideological enemies. Part of this trouble has been convincing skeptical allies that he actually has something interesting to say which is not derivative or trivially true. And while some have welcomed the attempt to bring formal scientific methods into the world of literature, they have been less enthusiastic about what they see as Gottschall’s attempts to move scientific debates or establish fundamental “facts” though his reading of literature. And as any reader of the Professor in the Cage will already know, Gottschall can be a difficult person. That probably did not make it any easier for him to win the most favorable hearing for his ideas.
In the current volume Gottschall attempts to take a step away from these controversies to write a purely popular book, largely devoid of explicit or sustained theoretical discussions. Drawing on some of his prior interests, and what can only be described as a midlife-crisis MMA attack, he decided to embark on a wide-ranging study of violence in both history and literature.
To get a better handle on the reality of violence he began a program of regular training at a local mixed martial arts school, while desperately attempting to line up the big final cage fight which was apparently needed for his book contract. Unsurprisingly most of the local fight promoters seemed uninterested in having him on their cards.
Gottshcall’s book at first appears to fit squarely in the growing literature on “carnal sociology.” As is typical for the genera we see the author mixing ethnography and some larger set of questions about the structure of society. The difference in this case is that Gottschall stuck to his ideological and theoretical guns. Rather than following Wacquant’s famous advice about such research projects (“go native, but also go armed” with an appropriate body of theory to help one interpret and make sense of this overwhelming experience) Gottschall continued to believe that the meaning of most things (certainly anything worth writing a book about) can be found solely in the Darwinian struggle for survival.
I have nothing against sociobiology as a field. Certain international relations scholars have done some interesting things with it. But after reading Gottschall’s latest work, it is pretty clear that this background did not prepare him to speak to the vast variety of social violence seen throughout human history, or to make sense of his personal experiences while training in an MMA gym.
Gottshcall’s book is not frustrating because it fails. In truth most books do that to one degree or another. The real problem is that his project started with such promise.
The idea of tying a personal engagement with the martial arts to an exploration of the larger problems of violence is a fundamentally sound one. His various critics are absolutely incorrect to dismiss this move as “stunt journalism.” There is a long history of empirically driven scholars doing just this.
Unfortunately Gottschall does not seem to be any more aware of their work than are his critics. The contributions of Wacquant and those who came after him probably fall too far outside his disciplinary interest. The real problem seems to be that, not grasping the possibilities for serious academic discovery, Gottschall treats his own project as a self-indulgent stunt to attract a book contract rather than as a serious research strategy.
Likewise the idea of bringing some math and scientific rigor into the study of social violence (and even the literature surrounding it) is a potentially important one. Martial Arts Studies is an inherently interdisciplinary project. This is practically mandated by the nature of the problems that we face. In truth a combination of methods and approaches are going to be the best way to get at this set of questions neglected by the traditional disciplines.
But this neglect does not mean that the questions are unimportant. Perhaps the most disheartening thing about this book was that Gottschall turned to the study of the martial arts and violence at the same time that he was moving away from more rigorous academic inquiry. He even goes so far as to describe the project as a sort of career or intellectual suicide.
Again, this sells what could have been a very interesting project short. Specifically, the sort of work that we see in Martial Arts Studies not only pushes disciplines to consider the adoption of new methods and theories, but as it asks different questions it begins to challenge some of the more fundamental (and artificial) boundaries separating the disciplines to begin with. But rather than engaging with this larger trend Gottschall’s eyes remain firmly fixed on his opponents and oppressors in English departments around the country.
While Gottshcall talks a lot about science, and he has footnotes to a fair number of studies of one sort or another, another big problem with this volume is that it does not actually do anything “scientifically” at all. Rather than constructing a tightly focused theory and using it to derive a set of hypotheses, Gottschall instead employs a wide range of preexisting theories as “just so” stories to help explain away the various problems that emerge through the course of a rambling book. In short, what he offers his readers is basically science as a metaphor and an appeal to authority rather than as a method to be rigorously explored and tested.
Of course one must immediately wonder whether this is a fair criticism. As I mentioned, this is not an academic work. While it is a text that the author uses to attack his academic enemies and rail against the injustices of the academy, it is basically a popular book that was never intended to plow new ground or make any novel discoveries. Don’t all such popular works basically use science as a “just so” story, to explain something about the reader’s life or daily reality?
Possibly. Yet many of the problems with Gottschall’s arguments are so basic that I am not sure that they can be defended by claiming that the author does not have to show his math. His treatment of both gender and culture will no doubt stand out to most readers as the most disturbing aspect of this work. Gottschall himself has nothing but scorn for those who doubt the essential, and to his mind genetically given, nature of gender. (In point of fact most of his discussions of culture also seem to go back to a very simplistic reading of Darwinian pressure which, if you spend even a few moments considering that proposition, should strike you as very strange).
Rather than seriously engaging with these debates he magisterially explains to his readers (with a few highly selective endnotes thrown in for good measure), that men are brave and women are weak (at one point he even seems to imply emotionally unstable) because of our genes. The fact that men love to fight and women tend not to be “real sports fans” (no matter what they say on surveys) can be totally understood through genetics. The pressure for survival is used as an explanation for duels, as well as the existence of left handed individuals. Gottschall even evokes it as an explanation for the popularity of team sports.
One could write an entire review article just of the problems found in any one of his chapters. Yet we can pretty much sum up this sad situation with the following axiom, something that should be familiar to most students who have actually taken a statistics class. “A constant cannot explain a variable.”
The real problem with Gottschall’s book is that it attempts to move beyond autobiography and meditation on the dark side of human violence. These would be perfectly respectable things for an English professor to write a book about. One could even do so using nothing but the the critical theories and qualitative methods that Gottschall seems to have such trouble with.
Yet once you take a step into the world of “science,” and dedicate yourself to the use of quantitative and empirical methods, you are basically moving into the realm of causality. Your task, as a scientist, is to explain what causes variations in outcomes across time and space. And to explain these differing outcomes, you generally turn to a set of factors known in these sort of discussions as “variables.”
Gottschall’s entire problem is that all of the talk of science notwithstanding, he seems to have no motivation to actually explaining anything of interest. To begin with, he appears to be incapable of seeing all of the variation that his own case studies (as short and poorly developed as most of them are) actually reveal.
Human genetics are a constant. They do not change all that much over the short term. But in 1790 men in Europe fought duels and by 1890 they did not. The basic evolutionary situation did not change over the course of this period of time. So what did?
Practically everything else. Forms of social organization evolved, the strength of religion diminished, literacy levels went up, health was generally better, economic growth and trade expanded. And governments were vastly stronger in 1890 than they were in 1790. Gottshcall discusses dueling in terms of an honor system that was necessary to maintain one’s prospects for sexual reproduction in a lawless world. He basically dismisses culture as being epiphenomenal to people’s behavior in this case.
Yet when noting the very rapid decline of dueling, he blames the growth of strong states for this turn of events. Would that not then imply that rather than focusing on the question of Darwinian fitness in the first half of his chapter, something which does not change, we should have instead been looking at the interactions between the state and society? These structures change, sometimes quite rapidly. And they seem more than capable of explaining the periodic rise and fall of dueling in human societies without any need to pontificate about our most ancient ancestors and their disturbing excess of semen.
Gottshcall would likely retort that the genetic codes which we all carry are what makes it possible for behaviors such as dueling to arise in the first place. We are, after all, just animals. Hence his contention that violence is, and must, be universal. Yet in reality this position explains nothing while steadfastly refusing to acknowledge the existence of much more interesting questions.
My basic genetic code has also allowed me to develop an interest in classical Spanish guitar music. Why some societies give their 15 year old boys guitars while other give them dueling swords and pistols (and yet others give them both) is a genuinely interesting question. Gottschall’s razor focus on a narrow interpretation of evolutionary biology draws him to the “constant possibility” of violence while dismissing the much more interesting questions of its many forms (and even occasional absence) as unimportant. Yet real science involves the explanation of variance rather than its ad hoc dismissal at the end of every chapter.
Another clear example of this dilemma arises at the end of chapter 5, titled “Survival of the Sportiest.” After an long and involved discussion of why men are not only better at fighting than women, but that they also enjoy it more, Gottschall is forced to confront a disturbing trend within the modern combat sports. Simply put, the number of female kickboxers and MMA fighters is increasing rapidly, as is female audience engagement with these sports. He even has to acknowledge the reality of one such athlete when Jena “Jenacide” Baldwin spends some time at his gym as an instructor.
The weakness of the ethnographic component of this work is evident in the shallowness of his engagement with the sudden appearance of a high level female fighter. It doesn’t appear that this new and potentially important development had any shaping effect on Gottschall’s beliefs about gender and the roots of participation in combat sports.
So does this trend suggest that we will see more women entering spaces traditionally defined as male (such as team and combat sports) in the future? And will the acquisition of new skills in these areas have any impact on the ability of these women to navigate their way through other traditionally male dominated areas of society?
Gottschall is skeptical on all fronts. Rather than admitting that a future may exist in which we see greater female participation in the Mixed Martial Arts he instead opinions that we are entering a new feminized age in which traditionally “female” virtues, such as the ability to cooperate and avoid needless violent conflict, will “allow women to outcompete men, and to bring about a close to the ‘age of testosterone.’”
There are a number of problems with these pages, but at the most basic level, if the “close the age of testosterone” really is possible, and all of this can happen through purely social and economic shifts, than maybe we should have spent the last chapter discussing the economic and social underpinnings of MMA (and other violent sports) rather than evolution and sociobiology. By his own admission this prior set of variables are the ones that are actually defining how society works in the current age, and when you get right down to it there is no good reason to assume that they were somehow unimportant in even the very recent past. Gottschall’s inability to explain observed change using his primary theory, his constant reliance on exogenous variables, indeed his inability to recognize an interesting research puzzle when he sees one, seriously undercut this work.
It goes without saying that this is a work without academic merit. That was never the point of this book. Yet I doubt this work is really going to do much to advance the popular discussion of the martial arts either. Rather than bringing his readers into a richer and more interested world (something that the combat sports and traditional martial arts have generally done) Gottschall instead leaves them locked in a shadowy and narrow Hobbesian cell. Luckily, if one were to push back against the prison walls it would quickly be discovered that they are much less secure than they first appear. Of course the trick is first seeing through the illusion of compelling prose.
We currently sit at an interesting moment in time. Rarely in the past has there been enough interest in the martial arts for publishers to support and heavily promote a book such as this one. I personally am very excited to see some of the academic work on violence and the martial arts being brought together and made available to the broader reading public. And there are many things about the basic structure of this project that are admirable. Yet I am deeply disturbed by the idea that this book might be taken as the public face of martial arts studies.
While energetic and engaging, the ideas behind this book are problematic. Not only does this volume fail to give readers a systematic framework for understanding the changes that they are seeing in the world today, ironically, it turns its back on this most basic of “scientific” tasks.
Global Perspectives on Women in Combat Sports
Five other Books to Consider
Simply telling someone that you do not like a book is not really all that helpful, especially if they find themselves standing in a bookstore wondering what they can read to deepen their appreciation for the martial arts and social violence. As Lakatos reminds us in his discussions of the scientific method, we do not dismiss a theory simply because its flawed. All theories are born flawed as, by their very nature, they are simplifications of realty. This is the original sin of the scientific method. Rather, we only dismiss something once we have found a better alternative. Or to put it another way, what should we be reading instead?
1. Autobiography and the Martial Arts:
Matthew Polly. 2011. Tapped Out: Rear Naked Chokes, the Octagon, and the Last Emperor: An Odyssey in Mixed Martial Arts. Gotham.
Polly must be a bit of a headache for Gottchall and his marketing team. A very engaging writer he also had a similar idea for a book and he got his out first. Like Gottschall Polly had a background in the traditional martial arts, and then turned to MMA in his late 30s. He presents a more tightly focused (and nuanced) narrative about the development of this sport and the UFC. Readers who are primarily interested in martial arts biography or the current combat sports scene will probably enjoy this work.
Polly was not the first author to write something like this. As Gottschall points out, this is actually something of an established genre among sports writers. So if you are looking for some additional reading, one of my favorites has always been Robert Twigger’s Angry White Pajamas: A Scrawny Oxford Poet Takes Lessons from the Tokyo Riot Police, (IT Books, 2000).
2. Culture, the Martial Arts and Social Violence:
D. S. Farrer. 2009. Shadows of the Prophet: Martial Arts and Sufi Mysticism. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009.
In many ways D. S. Farrer presents a nice point of engagement for those interested in Gottschall’s work. Farrer understands anthropology as a social science and his work is rigorously empirical. This volume, stemming from his extensive ethnographic fieldwork on Malaysian Silat, will help to illustrate the many ways in which culture, rather than simply biology, has impacted the expression of social violence around the world.
My only hesitation about this monograph stems from its price, which is truly epic. It is definitely something you will want to order from the local library. But I have it on good authority that we can expect a second (more reasonably priced) edition sometime soon. If you are looking for some additional reading that you can actually afford to order from Amazon, consider Phillip B. Zarilli’s 2000 Oxford University Press monograph, When the Body Becomes All Eyes: Paradigms, Discourses and Practices of Power in Kalarippayattu, a South Indian Martial Art.
3. Reality, Violence and the Martial Arts:
Sgt. Rory Miller. Meditations on Violence: A Comparison of Martial Arts Training & Real World Violence. Ymma Publications Center, 2006.
This book is pretty well known in hand combat circles, and you will want to take a look at it if you have not already done so. It presents a number of comparisons between real world violence (which for Sgt. Miller does not mean a cage fight) and martial arts training.
Anyone interested in Gottschall’s extensive use of “the monkey dance” concept will be especially interested in this work. The term was actually coined by Miller, and one might as well go straight to the source to see what he actually had to say about it.
So how does culture interact with criminality? There are both universals and differences. For more on this topic see Boretz’s book Gods, Ghosts and Gangsters Ritual Violence, Martial Arts, and Masculinity on the Margins of Chinese Society (Hawaii UP, 2010) in which he looks at the life of petty thugs and toughs in Southern China and Taiwan. While an academic book this volume is pretty accessible. It is also a nice example of an important contribution being made by someone outside of the academic mainstream.
4. The Social Sciences, Violence and Quantitative Methods:
James W. Tong. Disorder Under Heaven: Collective Violence in the Ming Dynasty. Stanford UP, 1991.
One of the things that makes me uneasy about Gottschall’s work is that he tends to conflate his ontology (a sort of basic evolutionary reductionism) with his epistemology (scientific and quantitative methods). While often related, these are not the same thing. Specifically, social scientists have spent decades using formal methods to develop models of violence that do not boil down to genetics.
Students of martial arts studies may even find some of these to be quite interesting. Consider checking out James W. Tong’s Disorder Under Heaven. This book actually employs many of the methods that Gottschall has championed to investigate patterns of violence in Late Imperial China. Yet this author concludes that geographic and political variables are the most relevant.
This book is unapologetically academic in nature, but if you are actually interested in learning more about how quantitative methods have been used to investigate the causes of violence, that will probably not come as a surprise.
5. Gender, Combat Sports and the Martial Arts:
Alex Channon and Christopher R. Matthews. Global Perspectives on Women in Combat Sports: Women Warriors around the World. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
This is a topic that Gottschall has some strong opinions on. Obviously sex and reproduction are issues that are critical to sociobiology. Unfortunately it does not seem that the author spent much time dealing with female martial artists or attempting to understand their actual (rather than simply their theorized) experiences with violence and competition.
It might be wise to get a second opinion on these matters. Luckily there is a new book out this week to help you do just that. The authors of this edited volume consider many of the same questions that Gottschall does while making numerous contributions of their own.
Unfortunately as a new academic book, this one is also going to be pricey. Bug your university library to buy a copy. In the mean time you might also want to check out Stephanie T. Hoppe’s (now classic) volume Sharp Spear, Crystal Mirror (Park Street Press, 1998) While the articles in this book are autobiographical rather than social scientific, it might be a great way to get acquainted with the personal narratives of actual female martial artists. It is also possible to find used copies of this book floating around at great prices.
If you enjoyed this review and want to further explore “scientific” approaches to martial arts studies, you might also want to read: Why do difficult and expensive martial arts thrive?
benjudkins
Chinese Martial Studies, Current Events, Martial Studies, Women and the Martial Arts
autobiography, book review, chinese martial studies, Jonathan Gottschall, literary darwininism, literature review, Martial Arts Studies, methodology, MMA, sociobiology, The Professor in the Cage, theory
8 thoughts on ““The Professor in the Cage”: Can Gottschall Bring Science to the Study of Violence?”
Thank you for providing such a well-structured review of this book. I was hopeful when I saw the book on the shelf but a quick flip-through left me, in a word, disgusted. While it could have been an interesting work on social themes as framed by combat, the attempt to apply evolutionary explanations as the central thesis made me leave the book on the shelf and walk away.
PhD biology
BaguaZhang & XingYiQuan
Ben Penglase
Just stumbled upon this – thanks for your review! As an anthropologist who studies violence, and an ethnographer of Jiu Jitsu for many years (also a purple belt, and someone who’s read lots of Bourdieu and Waquant), I completely agree. Beyond the repetitive, and reductionist, “explanations,” what really baffled me was it’s ethnographic shallowness. We should tough base some time.
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The Soldier, the Marketplace Boxer and the Recluse: Mapping the Social Location of the Martial Arts in Late Imperial China. | Kung Fu Tea
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General Zhang Zhijiang: Mixing Christianity and Kung Fu – Kung Fu Tea
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Northampton recruit Charlie…
Pete Norton/Getty Images Sport
Northampton recruit Charlie Goode and Vadaine Oliver
Northampton Town have confirmed the double signing of defender Charlie Goode and striker Vadaine Oliver.
The arrival of the duo means that the Cobblers have now signed 11 new players ahead of their second consecutive season in League 2.
Goode is a familiar face for Cobblers fans, having spent the second half of last season on loan at the club from Scunthorpe. He has signed a 3 year deal after moving an undisclosed fee from the Lincolnshire club.
The 23-year-old defender made 17 appearances after arriving on loan from Scunthorpe during the January window last season.
The Northampton manager Keith Curle praised Goode’s commitment and told the official club website of his delight at getting the player back at the PTS Academy Stadium.
He said, “Supporters know all about him from his loan spell with us. He is a wholehearted, committed, big and strong defender who has a winning mentality.
“I think his outlook was highlighted when, as a loan player last season, supporters will remember he played through the pain barrier, wearing a face mask to protect an injury, showing his commitment to the club.
“That’s the sort of spirit, determination and commitment you need to be successful and we know we are getting that with Charlie.”
Meanwhile, 27-year-old Oliver signed a one year deal for the club after leaving Morecambe.
The striker, who has also played for Lincoln, Crewe, Mansfield and York in his career, signed after a two year association with the side from Lancashire.
Talking about his new striker, Curle said, “He will add competition and depth to the attacking unit. Over the course of a season you will need different options, you need to pose a different threat and have more than one plan up your sleeve. You need different ways of scoring goals and winning games, and Vadaine offers an alternative threat for us.
“He is a player I have identified previously and I believe I can get the best out of him. He is a very unselfish striker. He attracts defenders and occupies them and he can be a real handful to play against.”
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Digital Eccentric
I say a lot of things…
Madness!?
EUIV
Savage Lands
Sword Art Online Progressive
Twitch Profile
boardgames (15)
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Points of View: Halo 4 & Sexism
Posted: December 18, 2012 in Gaming, Industry, Lifestyle/Culture
Tags: 343 Studios, Armchair Arcade, Artificial intelligence, Characters of Halo, Cortana, Eric Nylund, feminism, Gamasutra, Halo, Halo 4, Halo: Combat Evolved, Halo: Reach, Master Chief, Microsoft, sexism, Xbox 360
I usually don’t like commenting on articles about feminism, sexism or stuff like that, as I find it hard to articulate my views without getting into trouble. Ultimately, I’m a supporter of better representation of women in videogames, as it’s been a bit of a boy’s club for too long. Sometimes I think over-zealousness gets in the way of common sense, but at the end of the day I’m a guy, and I can’t really put myself into the female mind-set and so I’m not really qualified to speak. But every now and then, I’ll read something that really makes me “hmm”, like these two articles. They’re both about the portrayal of Cortana in Halo 4, and whilst I don’t take issue with everything they say, there are just some interpretations that I find puzzling. That and they’re also both written by guys, so if they can comment, so I can I.
It was Matt Barton’s piece on Armchair Arcade that I read first, which references an article on Gamasutra, so I’ll deal with each piece in turn. Like I said, I don’t object to everything that’s said, and there are some fair points in both cases, but there are other instances where I can’t help but think the authors are just a tad uninformed about Halo’s lore and background.
Take this excerpt from Matt’s piece for example: “Cortana is not even granted a body, but exists only as a hologram. She is completely and utterly dependent on the Chief for protection as well as mobility–he literally picks her up and plugs her into his suit.”
To be fair, this is a valid argument if you disagree with the original decision back in Halo: CE to make the Cortana character a hologram and female. If you’re just looking for someone to be the antithesis to the Chief’s gruffness, then perhaps it could quite easily have been a chirpy guy. I can’t help but feel it was probably due to the fact that Bungie didn’t want to add another physical character into the mix which made the Cortana character a hologram. But that’s something rather separate to the fact that the Cortana character is female, even if it does appear to say something by casting the emotional side of the duo as a woman. Even if you take this as an affront though- we’re on the fourth Halo game now. Cortana has always been a hologram, has always been “dependant” on the Chief because, funnily enough, holograms are incapable of existing outside of a computerised environment like the Chief’s exo-suit. I’m only saying complaining about it now is a bit redundant, which is never reason not to speak up, but 343 weren’t going to make changes to Cortana like giving her a body. Cortana can no more be ‘real’ than Tali could be Bi-sexual.
It’s the next bit though that I think really made me pause: “In perhaps the final insult to females in this game, it’s emphasized that even her individuality is an illusion; she can be copied again and again when the need arises. Finally, she is even denied rationality, and becomes increasingly less coherent and more dependent on Master Chief until the closing credits”.
This comment could have been influenced by a couple of instances from Halo 4 – I profess I don’t know which one Matt is referring to, but I’ll deal with them both. First off, there are a couple of comments that Cortana makes when trying to figure out how to deal with her on-coming Rampancy. The second is a bit in the last level where Cortana makes copies of herself in order help feet the Didact. In both cases, having read Matt’s article, I get what he’s saying, I just again think it’s a bit… cynical, to take the material and interpret in that way. Matt himself does go on to say he doesn’t believe the game is truly sexist, but he raised the argument so I shall respond.
In terms of the last Halo 4 level – I just saw it as a computer thing. Cortana is an incredibly advanced computer program, and one of her abilities is to be able to make copies of herself so that she can monitor or do several things at once. In the novel First Strike, she does a similar thing when they assault a Covenant Space Station, and as far as Canon goes, the ‘Cortana’ you meet in the Halo Reach game is supposed to be a copy or shard as well (It’s one of the few things they did to reconcile the game Halo: Reach with Eric Nylund’s companion novel The Fall of Reach which had been released nearly ten years prior).
Then there’s comments Cortana makes earlier in the game where she says a ‘new’ version of herself could be made if they don’t get her back to Earth in time. In the Halo universe, “smart” AI’s like Cortana are created by using the natural synapses of a human brain, usually the brain of someone smart and already dead because the organ is destroyed during creation. Cortana’s case is unique however as she’s the only AI generated from a living brain, that of Dr. Catherine Halsey, an important figure in the Halo Universe who made her first in-game appearance in Halo: Reach. Halsey cloned her brain to create Cortana, and considering Halsey is still alive and well, the process could be done again (even though it’s illegal).
Cortana is quick to point out though that the ‘new’ Cortana, should she ever be created, wouldn’t be the same as the Cortana you’ve known through the past four games – she wouldn’t have the same knowledge or experience, and so ultimately wouldn’t be the same person at all. Despite what the author may think, I don’t think the game is trying to say that Cortana can be replicated at will, far from it. I personally would find the inclusion of a ‘new’ Cortana fairly interesting, as the Chief will have to undertake a new emotional challenge of dealing with this entity that’s so familiar, yet so alien. As far the “even denied rationality” comment goes, Rampancy has been a known quantity in Halo lore for donkey’s years – Smart AI’s (for reasons you’d have to look up as I can’t remember) only have a shelf life of 7 years. By the start of Halo 4, Cortana had been in service for 8 years, so the fact that she hadn’t already gone Rampant is a bit of a miracle. Cortana was always destined for Rampancy, as is every other human AI in the Halo universe, like Roland the AI of the Infinity who you see in the Spartan Ops cutscenes.
Apart from that though, Matt piece has some interesting sections to it, I liked his take on Cortana as the ideal women, and Halo 4’s notion of chivalry etc… although again, the bit where he says “whose very identity, individuality, and physicality, are all either denied or rendered suspect” I take issues with this as these are all symptomatic of the fact that she’s an aging AI who’s been through a lot – how else is she supposed to act? I also think Matt was being a tad unfair in the next bit:
“There’s a telling (if not touching) moment at the end of the game where the Chief is talking to a much less intimidating man, one who’s face is not obscured behind a helmet but is in fact quite animated. It becomes obvious from the man’s questions, attitude, and height compared to the Chief makes it clear he’s not nearly as rugged and self-contained as the hero. His remark that soldiers makes him seem weak and barely worthy to be in the same room. The Chief is taciturn, as a man ought to be; this guy talks too much about his feelings. Indeed, the Chief’s last words before the credits point out that Cortana, the Female, had said the same thing.”
I’m not actually sure if I’ve figured out what Matt is trying to say here (some missing words and poor sentance construction), but if I have, I think he’s making one too many assumptions as to what the character of the Chief “is”. Halo 4 raises some very interesting points, points that you don’t really think about until they’re thrust in your face. The Master Chief and the rest of the Spartan-II’s were kidnapped as children, indoctrinated, medically enhanced and trained to fight.
Fighting is all they know and fighting is all they have done since the Human-Covenant War began. The scene in question is more to do with the Chief struggling with that fact that he’s human, something Cortana tries to remind him off in game. I think trying to twist this as something about how men “ought to be” is a bit unfair. Men, even Soldiers, aren’t supposed to be machines, and Lasky (the ‘less rugged man’) is trying to remind the Chief of that.
Anyway, that was Matt’s article. Let’s take a look at the Gamasutra article he references, written by “Jon W”.
To start with, he points out what everyone has been pointing out since the first images arose – Cortana’s “makeover”. Don’t get me wrong, I wasn’t a fan either. It wasn’t really necessary, although thankfully when playing through the game I didn’t really notice it much. Some odd shots here and there where her new cleavage is a bit ‘in your face’, but mostly the game concentrates on her face and emotions anyway, which helps support something Matt mentions in his piece about Cortana. Anyway – I don’t really have any issues with Jon’s comments here, although if you look at the two images he uses, Cortana actually does have a respectable chest to her in Halo 3 as well, so one could argue Cortana’s bust isn’t a new thing, only that the change in art direction and better technology has made it more obvious.
To also be fair to Jon, Frank O’Conner’s quote doesn’t really help things either. It’s true; Smart AI’s in the Halo universe do get to choose their appearance. I don’t know if Cortana’s choice is stated in any of the EU works, like the Fall of Reach novel, and Frank’s explanation is to be honest a little hollow. I doubt Cortana chose to be more obviously ‘sexy’ so that she could disarm people in conversation, and again it’s only in this recent game that Cortana has become so obviously “a women”. It sounds like Frank just trying to downplay something that they knew they didn’t really need to do, so Jon has a point calling them out on that.
I take issues though with some of the other things Jon points out though. For example, he rags a little bit on the Master Chief being called “Master Chief”. Sure, it’s not a great name, but Master Chief Petty Officer is his rank, and given that he’s technically the result of illegal kidnapping and experimentation, throwing his name about probably wouldn’t be a good idea either, so what does that leave? That’s not even me delving into some of the psychology of Spartan’s you get to see in the novels – they’re a close-knit family, the kind of family who wouldn’t give their name to just anyone.
Anyway, Jon moves on to point out some other examples of Halo 4’s assumptions on women, moving next to Spartan Sarah Palmer: Commander of the Spartan IV forces aboard the UNSC Infinity and voiced by Jennifer Hale (femshep). Jon makes a quip (using a still taken from the post-credits cut scene) that Palmer’s only purpose is to “gawp openly at the hero”. This is again unfair – with the Covenant laying waste to humanity world by world, the Spartan-II’s were the only force that were making much of a difference. They were deliberately built up to be heroes, and the Chief (besides being a bit of a ledge for what he did in Halo‘s 1-3) is the only ‘officially’ (as in, in the games) recognised survivor of the Spartan-II program. He’s a freak of nature, a thing of legend, and he was supposed to have just died when the Didact’s ship exploded over Earth. If you then saw him just rock up without so much of a scratch, you’d stare too. If you play that mini-scene out fully you’ll notice Palmer’s companions – other Spartan IV’s – are also staring. Also, her mouth isn’t open. This speaks to me of Jon being deliberately obtuse, and to be honest ruins the whole article as I don’t want to take him seriously. He does have a point about the achievement titles though… I think 343 have been watching too much How I Met Your Mother.
But this is why I don’t get involved too much in more subtle side of discussions like this – Matt and Jon look at these things and see a cynical, almost juvenile representation of the relationship between men and women. I look at these things and (mostly) see eventualities backed up by a thoroughly laid out backstory, plot, and universe. Of course, there are more obvious and vulgar examples of sexism in games, and I’d happily join Matt and Jon in calling those out, but as far as Halo 4 is concerned I can’t help but ponder how they got to where they did. I think way too much about Halo stuff.
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Luke Olsen: Theology for the Marginalized
Luke Olsen, a first-year master of divinity student, initially came to Durham, N.C., to work at Reality Ministries, a community ministry that brings together people with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities. Olsen, had received his bachelor’s degree in theology and minored in both French and Peace Studies at Whitworth University in Spokane, Wash. He even spent a semester at Oxford University. But he felt like he needed a break.
“I needed to step away from the academic world,” Olsen says. “It wasn’t the healthiest place for me. So much of my life was about being evaluating and getting good grades.”
At Reality Ministries, differently abled people work, play, learn, and grow together. Olsen found himself asking how theology affects people who are often marginalized in society. He had questions, such as what does health mean to someone unable to talk or for a person in a chair with a feeding tube?
How does one minister to a person with disabilities?
Theology and ministry should respond by treating the disabled as fully human. “Everyone is involved within the community,” Olsen says. “The ministry is not a one-way street. And that was certainly the case for me. It’s one big web. We really strive to focus on relationships, recognizing people with intellectual and developmental disabilities often don’t have organic friendships. They have a lot of relationships with people who are trying to help them or do things for them or to them. The first principle of the organization is the reality that God loves every person.”
After completing his internship at Reality Ministries, Olsen decided to stay in the area and attend Duke Divinity School. He is a fellow with the Theology, Medicine, and Culture (TMC) initiative. As part of his fellowship, he works at Duke’s ALS clinic. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. It’s commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig’s disease.
At Duke, Olsen has found a place that encourages him to pursue the range of his theological interests. “My specific interest in the TMC program is to think theologically about issues related to medicine, technology, and what it means to have a human body,” says Olsen. “I am especially interested in Patristics and hope to think about how patristic concepts of embodiment, among other things, inform the way we think about community, health, and salvation.”
Olsen feels a call to service, but he’s not sure where that’s going to be. When he reflects on his time at Reality Ministries, he says, “I didn’t feel like I was bringing a lot to the table in terms of experience. It was all really new to me but this has been such an incredible experience for me.”
“Theology challenges the sort of narrative of the perfect person,” Olsen says. “Every human person has vulnerabilities and strengths and ways in which they require help from others and their communities. There’s no difference between people with or without intellectual and developmental disabilities. We have a myth of what the normal person is. I have my own insecurities in the ways I struggle to love and give love to others.”
Olsen wants to practice academic theology in a way that serves the church. The TMC initiative creates opportunities for students, clergy, and health care practitioners to reimagine and to re-engage contemporary practices of health care in light of Christian tradition and the practices of Christian communities.
He plans to explore what it means to be healthy in a human body. How do you embody the love of Christ in a body that has physical limitations? Olsen wants to find language that better reflects, includes, and celebrates all of us.
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Justia Dockets & Filings Ninth Circuit California Northern District Keithley v. The Home Store.Com, Inc. et al Filing 868
Keithley v. The Home Store.Com, Inc. et al
ORDER vacating pretrial (trial); setting 12/16/08 cmc. Signed by Judge Illston on 12/4/08. (ts, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 12/5/2008)
Case 3:03-cv-04447-SI Document 867 Filed 12/03/2008 Page 1 of 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Luther Orton SNYDER, MILLER & ORTON LLP 111 Sutter S treet, S uite 1950 San Francisco, California 94104 Telephone: (415) 962-4400 Facsimile: (415) 962-4401 Bruce J. Rose S. Benjamin Pleune Douglas R. Wilner ALSTON & BIRD, LLP 101 South Tryon Street, Suite 4000 Charlotte, North Carolina 28280-4000 Telephone: (704) 444-1000 Facsimile: (704) 444-1111 Attorneys for Defendants Homestore, Inc., The National Association of Realtors and The National Association of Home Builders of the United States UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION KEVIN L. KEITHLEY and TREN TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, LLC, Plaintiffs, v. HOMESTORE.COM, INC., et al., Defendants. Case No. C 03-4447 SI STIPULATION AND [Proposed] ORDER STIPULATION AND [PROPOSED] ORDER Case 3:03-cv-04447-SI Document 867 Filed 12/03/2008 Page 2 of 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Whereas Defendants believe themselves to be prevailing parties as that phrase is used in connection with the right to be awarded costs as a result of this Court's Order granting Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment as to Noninfringement and Invalidity Based on Indefiniteness. [Dkt. 862] ("the Order"); Whereas Defendants are unsure of whether the Order triggered an obligation pursuant to Civil L.R. 54-1(a) to file their bill of costs on or before December 3, 2008; Whereas Plaintiffs do not object to Defendants filing their bill of costs after judgment issues, however Plaintiffs' lack of objection shall not be interpreted to be a concession that Defendants are prevailing parties as Civil L.R. 54-1 contemplates; Whereas the Court's calendar currently includes a pre-trial conference in this case for December 16, 2008 at 3:30 P.M, which the parties propose be converted to a Further Case Management Conference allowing the parties and the Court to discuss issues that should be resolved prior to the issuance of judgment. Therefore pursuant to agreement, the parties stipulate and propose an Order issues as follows: (1) To the extent any party believes itself to be prevailing party, a bill of costs may be filed within 14 days after judgment issues in this case; /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// 1 STIPULATION AND [PROPOSED] ORDER REGARDING PRETRIAL SCHEDULING ORDER Case 3:03-cv-04447-SI Document 867 Filed 12/03/2008 Page 3 of 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 (2) The currently-calendared Pre-Trial Conference on December 16, 2008 at 3:30 P.M. shall be converted to a Further Case Management Conference. IT IS SO STIPULATED: Dated: December 3, 2008. ALSTON & BIRD, LLP By: /s/ Bruce J. Rose BRUCE J. ROSE Attorney for Defendants Homestore, Inc., the National Association of Realtors and the National Association of Home Builders of the United States Dated: December 3, 2008. FINNEGAN, HENDERSON, FARABOW, GARRETT, DUNNER, LLP By: /s/ Scott R. Mosko SCOTT. R. MOSKO Attorney for Plaintiffs Kevin Keithley and Tren Technologies Holdings, LLC IT IS SO ORDERED: DATED: _________________________ _____________________________________________ United States District Judge 2
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Album Review: Hot Water Music-“Exister”
Monday, May 14, 2012 at 2:12 PM (PST) by Carson Winter
User's Rating:
I don’t remember a time when Hot Water Music wasn’t iconic. Being late to the game, I always had to contend with Hot Water Music being one of those bands. A classic, required listening. A luminary with a discography as extensive as it is menacing. Older readers may place more distinction on the Florida punks, separating them from the older, dinosaurs of the genre. But to me they were in the same ivory tower as Minor Threat and The Clash. Untouchable because of their reputation as infinitely important to the genre’s timeline.
On “Drag My Body” the ever gravelly Chuck Ragan sings “I found the pedestals and burned them down to kill my idols and to bury the thoughts underground.”
If only it were that easy, Chuck.
When I started listening to Hot Water Music I didn’t find a sacred cow to slaughter. I found what everyone else found, an institution. And with that it became clear that their hiatus wouldn’t be wasted on me; I did my research, I caught up. I gracefully joined the greater masses of punk rock. So, when the news of their reformation hit me, I gleefully took part in the gladiatorial battles of internet discussion. After all, I was a fan now, and I could not contain my enthusiasm. But now, the emotions have leveled and I can say I’ve listened to Exister. Preconceptions are out the window and it’s time to take a hard look at what we’ve been delivered.
After such a long exile, the obvious question is one of yearning. Will they be the same? The obvious answer is ‘no’. Except for the band’s sacred fundamentals, Exister doesn’t really sound like Fuel for the Hate Game. If this bums you out, that’s fine. But it’s undeniably the sound Hot Water Music has been building to throughout their career. And after eight years of non-activity, it feels like they picked up right where they left off. Exister is a continuation of a long and storied history, and it might be their best album to date.
The album opens with “Mainline,” and right away the listener is confronted with Hot Water Music at their most melodic. While definitely not as technical as their previous work, “Mainline” is a fantastic punk rock song. Next up is “Boy, You’re Gonna Hurt Someone,” featuring Chris Wollard on lead vocals. It begins with a repetitive melodic idea that explodes into a volatile chorus with a vicious dual guitar attack that prove you don’t need power chords to bring power to your music. Every song on Exister is great and each of them individually demonstrate Hot Water Music’s merits. “State of Grace” is a catchy number sung by Chuck Ragan who is at his best on this album–making it clear the years of solo work haven’t taken the venom from his voice. Fans will notice a callback to the classic song “Trusty Chords” off of Caution.
But even with a handful of great punk rock anthems, any Hot Water Music album would feel incomplete without those subtle moments of technical virtuoso. Jason Black dutifully provides with his mesmerizing basslines. Seldom heard in a lot of rock music, bass guitar tends to be dismissed. But in Hot Water Music, Black’s bass is truly the star. “Drag My Body” could have sounded like a full band cover of a long lost Ragan solo track, but Black’s playing transforms the track. He has an ability to turn a good song into a great song, and undoubtedly defining to Hot Water Music’s sound.
The title track “Exister,” is reminiscent of the best of Caution. Bringing to mind the rough hewn melodic punk rock of old, it’s an emotional experience in a stick of dynamite. Lyrically, Hot Water Music has always been abstract and hard to peg, while remaining emotional to an extreme. The furtive nature of their lyrics only strengthens the connection between sound and audience. Direct enough to pull meaning from, vague enough to make the meaning your own. “Pledge Wore Thin” is one of those songs, the title suggests its political nature but the lyrics are constructed with personal, visceral imagery. “All about you breaking skin on your back, it’s just a little dagger; it’s just a little blade, right? But there’ll be more and they don’t bend at all.” It communicates the concepts of political betrayal and discontent without ever leaving the realm of personal experience.
For whatever reason, Hot Water Music will always be one of those bands. The kind that you see tattoo’d into people’s skin. The kind people quote lyrics from. The kind that have a grip on your heart. In retrospect, it seems silly to question Hot Water Music’s relevance. Exister leaves little doubt to their place in the scene. All the questions it asks can be answered. Can punk be soulful? Can punk be musical? Can it capture our hearts? Yes, yes it can.
More On: Punk, Album Review, , Rise Records
Mike5/18/2012 11:33 AM | Permalink
I am absolutely loving this album so far. It gets better with every new listen. Beautifully written review. I concur.
More On Hot Water Music
Live in Chicago
All Hot Water Music Album Reviews
Exister CD
Rise (buy album)
No Division (Reissue)
No Idea (buy album)
Till The Wheels Fall Off
Hot Water Music Profiles: Dying Scene | Facebook
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Chris Farren streams new song “Human Being” from upcoming album “Can’t Die”
Tuesday, August 16, 2016 at 6:40 PM (PST) by Screeching Bottlerocket
Chris Farren (Fake Problems, Antarctigo Vespucci, etc.) is streaming another new track from his upcoming album Can’t Die. Check out “Human Being” below.
Can’t Die is set to release on September 2nd through SideOneDummy Records. You can listen to two other songs – “Say U Want Me” and “Still Beating” – here and here, respectively.
Add Chris Farren to My Radar
More On: Solo Project, Music, Chris Farren, SideOneDummy Records
More On Chris Farren
Can't Die
Where U Are
All Chris Farren Album Reviews
Chris Farren Profiles: Dying Scene | Facebook
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OSU AIAA Club Launches Another Winning Rocket
For the second year in a row, the Oregon State University’s branch of AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics) took first place in the payload competition at the Intercollegiate Rocketry Engineering Competition held in Green River, Utah. The team also placed third in the overall competition in the advanced category that targets an altitude of 25,000 feet — their launch reached 17,611 feet and a maximum speed of Mach 1.4.
The competition, hosted by the Experimental Sounding Rocketry Association (ESRA), had 41 rockets launched this year by 36 different colleges representing seven countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, Egypt, India, Turkey and the U.S.).
Oregon State’s team stood out in the competition for building nearly all of the components themselves. In fact, computer science student, Soo-Hyun Yoo said he had a hard time getting the judges to notice the extra work the team put in.
“All of the other teams at the competition had an aerospace program and bought off-the-shelf components. There were a very limited number of teams who built their own software and electronics and so very few
people were asking about those things. I had to try really hard to make sure they realized the significance of having our own system that we can build on and modify to fit various needs,” he said.
Yoo said that a few of the payload judges were very excited about their original components and it was what likely earned them the payload award again this year. The award is prestigious because it includes all the teams in the competition from both the basic and advanced categories, and comes with a $700 prize. Since the award has been offered just two times, Oregon State is the only team to win it.
The payload is the main purpose of sounding rockets, which are designed to conduct scientific experiments. The Oregon State team built a deployable payload in the nose cone of the rocket that deploys at the highest altitude and uses propellers to accelerate downward to counteract aerodynamic drag force and achieve microgravity in order to conduct experiments in a zero gravity environment.
This year’s team built significantly on the success of last year’s rocket which won the basic category (targeting 10,000 feet) in 2014 at their first competition. Four sub-teams contributed to this year’s rocket: a payload team, a structures team, a propulsion team, and an aerodynamics and recovery team. At Oregon State’s 2015 Engineering Expo the payload team won the industry award for electrical and computer engineering and earned honorable mention recognition for the Boeing Engineering Excellence Award.
Elliott Fudim, an electrical and computer engineering student who joined the club as a senior, hopes that other students will discover the club sooner than he did and have more years to advance the rocket.
“It’s a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. It’s one of the coolest things I’ve ever been a part of. And it’s important to keep on setting the bar higher,” Fudim said.
Yoo agreed, “I don’t think many students at OSU can say they made something that broke the speed of sound. It’s pretty cool stuff.”
Both Fudim and Yoo said that aside from the cool factor of being able to build a rocket, the experience of working on a cross-disciplinary team was more realistic to what they will experience working in industry. Additionally, working on a rocket that deals with extreme conditions such as speed and temperature offered interesting challenges.
“The limited test cycle in which we only get a few chances to launch and the cost of failure is high, was a learning experience. Getting it right the first time was stressful but also exhilarating,” Yoo said.
The team performed on-ground tests of the various systems and also practiced their launch setup to make sure everything went smoothly on competition day (view photos). Their only full-flight test was performed in Brothers, Oregon near Bend where they could secure a waiver from the FAA for air space.
For future competitions, the club has begun developing an experimental hybrid rocket motor. The current rocket is a solid propellant rocket with a simple ignition – “you light it and it just goes,” explained Yoo. The hybrid rocket will have a throttle to adjust the thrust depending on need.
This year’s team was able to compete with the support of their sponsors: Advanced Circuits, CadSoft EAGLE, and the College of Engineering at Oregon State. “We couldn’t have done this without them,” Fudim said.
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Susan Hubbard
Associate Lab Director
sshubbard@lbl.gov
Associate Laboratory Director & Sr. Scientist, Berkeley Lab
Adjunct Professor, Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley
As the Associate Lab Director for Earth & Environmental Sciences Area at Berkeley Laboratory, Dr. Hubbard leads a premier group of ~500 staff that has a significant research portfolio in climate science, terrestrial ecosystem science, environmental and biological system science, fundamental geoscience, and subsurface energy resources. Research within this Area of Berkeley Lab is tackling some of the most pressing environmental and subsurface energy challenges of the 21st Century. Dr. Hubbard is also an Adjunct Professor at UC Berkeley in the Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management. Dr. Hubbard earned her PhD in Civil and Environmental Engineering at UC Berkeley, and prior to joining Berkeley Lab, she was a geologist at the US Geological Survey and a geophysicist in industry.
As a Sr. Scientist at Berkeley Laboratory, Dr. Hubbard’s research focuses on quantifying how terrestrial environments function, with a particular emphasis on the development of geophysical approaches to provide new insights about processes relevant to contaminant remediation, carbon cycling, water resources, and subsurface energy systems. She leads the DOE Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area project and is a co-lead for the national DOE Subsurface (‘SubTER’) crosscut initiative.
Dr. Hubbard has served widely on many scientific committees and boards, including the DOE Biological and Environmental Research Program Advisory Committee (BERAC) and the California Council on Science and Technology. She has served on the editorial boards of JGR-Biosciences, Water Resources Research, Vadose Zone Journal and Journal of Hydrology. She has been honored by the scientific community with several awards, including: the Frank Frischknecht Award for leadership and innovation in near-surface geophysics, the Birdsall Dreiss Distinguished Lecturer Award, Distinguished Alumni of UC Berkeley, and as a Geological Society of America (GSA) Fellow.
Welcome Announcement – June 26, 2015
Jens Birkholzer
Energy Geosciences Division Director
jtbirkholzer@lbl.gov
Dr. Jens Birkholzer is a senior scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). As an internationally recognized expert in subsurface energy applications and environmental impact assessment, he currently serves as the Director for the Energy Geosciences Division in the Earth and Environmental Sciences Area. In addition Dr. Birkholzer leads the Sustainable Energy Systems Program Domain in the Energy Geosciences Division. He received his Ph.D. in water resources, hydrology, and soil science from Aachen University of Technology in Germany in 1994. Dr. Birkholzer joined LBNL in 1994, left for a management position in his native Germany in 1999, and eventually returned to LBNL in 2001. He has over 300 scientific publications, about 100 of which are in peer-reviewed journals, in addition to numerous research reports. He serves as the Associate Editor of the International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control (IJGGC) and is also on the Board of Editorial Policy Advisors for the Journal of Geomechanics for Energy and Environment (GETE). For more information about Jens Birkholzer, go to his profile at http://eesa.lbl.gov/profiles/jens-birkholzer/.
Welcome Announcement – September 15, 2015
William D. (Bill) Collins
Director, Climate & Ecosystem Sciences Division,
Director, Environmental Resilience Accelerator (Era),
wdcollins@lbl.gov
Dr. William Collins is an internationally recognized expert in climate modeling and climate change science. He serves as the Director for the Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division in the Earth and Environmental Sciences Area at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL, Berkeley Lab). In addition Dr. Collins is a senior scientist at LBNL, a Professor in Residence in the Department of Earth and Planetary Science at the University of California (UC), Berkeley, and the Director of the Climate Readiness Institute (CRI), a multi-campus initiative to prepare the Bay Area for climate change. Before joining UC Berkeley and Berkeley Lab, Dr. Collins was a senior scientist and Chair of the Scientific Steering Committee for the DOE/NSF Community Climate System Model project at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). He was a Lead Author on the Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), for which the IPCC was awarded the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize, and is also a Lead Author on the Fifth IPCC Assessment. Dr. Collins is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and was awarded the DOE Secretarial Honor Award for launching DOE’s Accelerated Climate Model for Energy in 2015. For more information about Bill Collins, go to his profile at http://eesa.lbl.gov/profiles/william-collins/.
Donald J. DePaolo
Graduate Professor of Geochemistry and Senior Faculty Scientist
Earth Sciences Division Director 2007 to 2013
djdepaolo@lbl.gov
Don DePaolo was appointed Director of the Berkeley Lab’s Earth Sciences Division in October 2007 by former Berkeley Lab Director, and former U.S. Department of Energy Secretary, Dr. Steven Chu. In 2010, DePaolo was named as Associate Lab Director for Energy Sciences (2012-Present, acting 2010-2012). In Spring of 2009, DePaolo became the Director of the Center for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2 (EFRC). DePaolo also served as head of the Earth Sciences Division’s Geochemistry Department. He also established and directs the Center for Isotope Geochemistry, joint research facility between Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley. DePaolo is also the Class of 1951 Professor of Geochemistry in UC Berkeley’s Department of Earth and Planetary Science. His research interests include applications of mass spectrometry and isotope geochemistry to fundamental problems in geology, origin and evolution of the earth’s continental crust and mantle, radiometric dating of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, and isotopic hydrology and oceanography. He received a Ph.D. in geology from the California Institute of Technology in 1978. For more information about Don DePaolo, go to his profile at http://eesa.lbl.gov/profiles/donald-j-depaolo/.
Welcome Announcement – October 25, 2007
Ernest L. Majer
Guest Scientist
Earth Sciences Division Director 2006 to 2007 (Acting)
elmajer@lbl.gov
Ernie Majer was appointed as the Acting Earth Sciences Division Director in November of 2006 by former Berkeley Lab Director, Dr. Steven Chu. Majer then served as a Senior Advisor to the Division Director (2010-2015). Prior to becoming the Deputy Director for ESD (in 2001), Majer was the Department Head for Geophysics (known prior to 2001 as “Geophysics and Geomechanics”). Up until ESD’s 2013 scientific reorganization, Majer served as the Program lead for the Energy Resources. Prior to ESD’s reorganization into an Area in 2015, Majer served as the Program Area Lead for Fundamental Earth Sciences and Lead for the Fundamental Geosciences Program. He received a Ph.D. in geophysics from UC Berkeley in 1978. For more information about Ernie Majer, go to his profile at http://eesa.lbl.gov/profiles/ernest-l-majer/.
Gudmundur (Bo) S. Bodvarsson
Former Earth Sciences Division Director & Nuclear Waste Program Head
In Memoriam – November 11, 1952 — November 29, 2006
In 2001, Bodvarsson became the first native of Iceland to hold a Division Director appointment at this laboratory or, in all likelihood, any other DOE national laboratory. He was appointed by then Berkeley Lab Director Charles Shank, who praised Bodvarsson for his “creativity and insights.” Prior to being named the Director for the Earth Sciences Division, Bodvarsson served as the Head of ESD’s Nuclear Waste Program (now called the Nuclear Energy & Waste Program) and served on the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, Yucca Mountain Project as the Berkeley Lab Lead. Bodvarsson’s research interests included fluid flow and transport in heterogeneous medium, theoretical and applied research on multi-phase, multi-component systems, coupled processes (TH, THC, THM)/geothermal system evaluation, and multi-disciplinary testing and modeling evaluations of complex underground systems.
Norman E. Goldstein
Guest Senior Scientist
negoldstein@lbl.gov
Norm Goldstein appointed as the Acting Director for the Earth Sciences Division, by then Lab Director Charles Shank. In 1998, Goldstein became the Deputy Director for ESD. Goldstein previously served as an ESD group leader in Geophysics (known prior to 2001 as “Geophysics and Geomechanics”) and in the Geothermal projects under the Energy Resources Program Area. Following his retirement from the Lab in 2002, Goldstein continues to collaborate on various ESD projects and works in Sonoma, CA. He received a Ph.D. in engineering geoscience (geophysics) from UC Berkeley in 1965.
Sally M. Benson
smbenson@lbl.gov
Sally Benson served as Division Director for Earth Sciences and as the Associate Laboratory Director for Energy Sciences beginning in 1992. Beginning in 2000, Sally Benson completed a four-year term as the Deputy Director for Operations at the Berkeley Lab returning to Earth Sciences to continue her research. A groundwater hydrologist and reservoir engineer, Benson has conducted research to address a range of issues related to energy and the environment, including environmental remediation, gas storage, geothermal energy production, and in carbon sequestration, particularly on sequestration in deep geologic formations. Benson completed her graduate education in 1988, at the University of California, Berkeley, receiving her M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Materials Science and Mineral Engineering. By 2007, Benson made the move to Stanford University as a research Professor in the Department of Energy Resources Engineering, in the School of Earth Sciences and is currently Stanford University’s Global Climate and Energy Project Director and she continues to collaborate with the ESD.
Thomas V. McEvilly
Professor of Seismology, Emeritus, UC Berkeley
In Memoriam – September 2, 1934 — February 22, 2002
University of California’s In Memoriam published by the Academic Senate
In the 1970s Tom McEvilly began working with the Earth Sciences Division on the exploration for new sources of geothermal energy, which involved a number of geophysical investigations in California, Nevada, and Mexico. His research covered a broad range of topics, mostly in the field of seismology. They included studies of crust and upper mantle structure, detailed investigations of earthquake sources around the world, exploratory studies of geothermal energy, contributions in support of a nuclear test ban treaty, tests of earthquake prediction scenarios, application of seismic reflection methods to a variety of tectonic problems, and use of controlled sources to measure anisotropy and temporal changes in seismic velocity. McEvilly obtained his Ph.D. in Geophysical Engineering from St. Louis University in 1964.
Senior Faculty Scientist, LBNL
Professor Emeritus, UC Berkeley
In Memoriam – February 9, 1919 — February 10, 2012
October 30, 2007 – Video feature on The Hydrogeologist Time Capsule – a project supported by the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) and other sponsors. This is a conversation between Paul Witherspoon and Alan Freeze
90th birthday announcement (February 2009)
ESD Staff Page (archived)
The Division was founded on July 21, 1977, when then Lab Director Andrew Sessler signed a letter enacting its creation. Earth Sciences was an outgrowth of the Energy and Environment Division, which was formerly known as the Environmental Energy Technologies Division. ESD’s first director was Paul Witherspoon, who transferred the Geothermal and Geosciences Program and other research areas from the Energy and Environment Division to formulate the technical scope of the Earth Sciences Division. Witherspoon’s research included reservoir engineering, geochemical and production engineering, geophysical studies and land subsidence research (related to the impact of geothermal wells) and applied it to geothermal activities and nuclear waste isolation projects. Witherspoon received his Ph.D in petroleum engineering physics at the University of Illinois, Urbana in 1956. For more information about Paul Witherspoon, go to his profile at http://eesa.lbl.gov/profiles/paul-a-witherspoon/.
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Wellbeing in the Events Industry
‘We’d be nothing without our people’
EVENT CONCEPT COO, JO HIGGS
The old-adage has never been truer for Event Concept: as a service business, without our brilliant people we wouldn’t be able to deliver the extraordinary experiences our clients have come to expect.
I’ve spent most of my professional life working in the HR field, trying to make people’s working lives as enjoyable, rewarding and challenging as I possibly can.
In 2017, with its workforce expanding to over 80 full-time staff, Event Concept made the decision to invest more heavily in its people and I was hired to drive this initiative as Head of People and Culture. That role was, of course, not without its challenges, but after 12 months of tackling various legacy processes and mindsets we began to see a shift in behaviour – one that is having a positive effect on overall service and delivery.
After a little over a year with the company I was asked to step up to the role of Chief Operating Officer. That was a big move for me but one that cemented my belief that this company has the wellbeing and development of its people at its heart.
'without our brilliant people we wouldn’t be able to deliver the extraordinary experiences our clients have come to expect.'
From the day I started at Event Concept, I have been blown away by the passion and dedication of the team here: the way they come up with creative solutions for even the most challenging brief, how every person plays a vital role – from planning, design and production, right the way through to dismantling sets and managing our stock inventory – and pull in the same direction to get the job done as brilliantly as possible.
It’s this commitment and experience that has led us to recently introduce a new company motto: ‘For the love of the show’. Simply put, this is what gets us out of bed in the morning and keeps us going late into the night.
That’s one of the challenges that I’m planning to get to grips with as a people-focused COO. It’s no secret that it’s hard to strike the right work-life balance as an event professional, especially during the hectic summer and autumn seasons. Stress and burnout are real challenges; ones that we as an industry need to tackle together. If left unchecked, we’ll soon have a significant retention challenge on our hands; YouGov research puts the UK hospitality industry’s annual staff retention rate at 70%, well below the UK average of 85%, with the most common reasons for leaving including unsociable working hours. Data from LinkedIn puts the media and entertainment industry's turnover at 11.4% – the third highest in its rankings.
Mental health is another growing national concern that we need to focus on: Mind estimates that one in four UK people experience a mental health issue – such as anxiety and depression – each year. More than half (59%) of respondents to a 2018 survey by The Caterer said they consider themselves to have a mental health problem at the moment, yet 56% of those with a mental health problem said they hadn’t told their employer about it. To help combat this, we’ll soon embark on a programme of training mental health first aiders. Much in the same way as physical first aiders offer help in the case of an accident or injury, mental health first aiders will be trained to offer people real emergency support in a crisis, as well as to spot the warning signs of declining mental health.
'It’s this commitment and experience that has led us to recently introduce a new company motto: For the love of the show’
In fact, learning and development remains an ongoing focus area for us. We are putting a range of initiatives in place so our people have access to learning opportunities that will serve as the foundation for their future success.
These programmes include introducing apprenticeships at every level of the business, for everyone from warehouse operatives to the managers who will be our leaders of the future. We’ve also recently invested in and launched a two-year training programme for our account managers and, as you’d expect from an events company, we’re very big on health and safety training, too. In fact, we achieved ISO 45001 occupational health and safety accreditation last year – just a short time after the new standard was launched in March 2018.
Event Concept has come a long way in its 25-year history: we’ve grown from small beginnings to become one of London’s most ambitious and creative event-production agencies, with more than 100 permanent staff. The secret to our success is simple: it’s thanks to our passion and our unique culture that we are able to be creative, develop ingenious ideas, to surprise and delight our clients, and continually ask ourselves: ‘what’s next?’ Without our people, this company wouldn’t be what it is today – nor what it will be in the future.
QuickBooks Connect 2019
L’Oréal Colour Trophy 2019 UK Grand Final
Men in Black: International HQ
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Influenced by Metal Drummers of Greece
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Do me a huge favor and email support@fandalism.com the following info so I can fix it:
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Emerging Revolutionary War Era
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Independence and Contradiction: Our Founding Slaveholders
Posted on November 28, 2017 by erwguest
Emerging Revolutionary War welcomes guest historian Michael Aubrecht. A biography of Mr. Aubrecht is attached below.
In 2011 an exhibit titled “Slavery at Jefferson’s Monticello: Paradox of Liberty” started running at the Smithsonian’s American History Museum from January 27, 2012 – October 14, 2012. This somewhat controversial exhibition explored slavery and enslaved people in America through the lens of Jefferson’s plantation and was a collaborative effort between the Thomas Jefferson Foundation at Monticello and the African American History and Culture Museum in Washington DC. It helped to instigate public discussion about the dichotomy between the Founders and freedom. The paradox of course is that Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence and called slavery an “abominable crime,” yet he was a lifelong slaveholder. The exhibition provides a glimpse into the lives of 6 slave families living at Monticello and reveals how the paradox of slavery in Jefferson’s world is relevant for generations beyond Jefferson’s lifetime.
Founders, presidents, slave-owners
Of course Jefferson is not alone in this regard. Four of the first five presidents (three of them, ‘officially’ recognized Founding Fathers) of the United States were lifelong slaveholders. In an age inspired by the Declaration of Independence, slavery was incredibly pervasive as 28% of the American population was enslaved in 1790. There was a time, not so long ago, when the issue of slavery was glossed over when presenting the lives and legacies of the nation’s Founders. Today, it is recognized as a vital part of what made up their complicated and contradictory lives and many historical sites, to include Monticello, Mount Vernon, and Montpelier are working diligently to include the enslaved African experience in their interpretations. Here is a brief overview:
Estate: Mount Vernon
Est. Slaves: 216 +/-
“I hope every necessary care and attention was afforded him. I expect little from (Overseer) McKoy, or indeed from most of his class, for they seem to consider a Negro much in the same light as they do the brute beasts on the farms, and often treat them as inhumanely.” – G. Washington, 1794
When George Washington took over the Mount Vernon estate at age 22 there were approximately 18 documented slaves on the premises. After his marriage to Martha Dandridge Custis he gained control of 200 more slaves which technically belonged to the estate of his wife’s first husband. By 1786 Washington claimed 216 slaves. While he was serving as president in Philadelphia a Pennsylvania law was passed freeing slaves whose owners had been citizens of the state for six months. Washington promptly sent his two most valuable slaves home, telling them it was for his wife’s convenience. In 1796 Oney (or Ona) Judge ran away to New Hampshire. She was one of the Washington family’s most valued slaves and Martha’s personal servant. The then President Washington asked the Treasury Secretary and a customs agent for help in getting her back, supposedly by force if necessary, but she never returned. When he left the presidency Washington is said to have left some house slaves behind in Philadelphia, knowing that under state law they would be quietly freed by having spent a certain amount of time in Pennsylvania. Following his death in 1799 his will called for his manservant William Lee to be freed immediately, and given a pension. All other Washington-owned slaves were to be freed when his widow died. Martha however chose to free them two years later. According to Abigail Adams this was because she feared her life might be in danger, since her death meant freedom for the slaves. Neither Washington nor his wife could legally free the dower slaves which still belonged to the Custis estate.
An image of George Washington’s Mount Vernon estate
Estate: Monticello
“I advance it therefore as a suspicion only, that the blacks, whether originally a distinct race, or made distinct by time and circumstances, are inferior to the whites in the endowments both of body and mind.” – T. Jefferson, 1787
Thomas Jefferson inherited many slaves who lived and worked on Mulberry Row at his mountaintop estate at Monticello. His wife had brought a dowry of more than 100 slaves, and Jefferson went on to purchase many more throughout his life. At some points he was one of the largest slave-owners in Virginia. In 1790 Jefferson gave his newly married daughter and her husband 1,000 acres of land and 25 slaves. In 1798 he claimed 141 slaves, many of them elderly. Two years later he only owned 93. One of Jefferson’s slaves was a young house girl named Sally Hemings, allegedly the half-sister of his deceased wife. During his presidency a rumor appeared in print that she was his mistress. Jefferson vehemently denied this story, which was also passed on as Hemings family tradition. The youngest of Heming’s six children (and the only one whose paternity can be traced through DNA) definitely descended from the Jefferson line, presumably either through him, his brother Randolph, or one of Randolph’s sons. All were in the vicinity of Sally during each period of conception. Jefferson eventually freed one of Heming’s children and allowed another to run away unpursued. Both of them were light enough to successfully pass for whites. He also freed five slaves in his will, all members of the Hemings family. Surprisingly, Sally was not among them. Due to the immense debt that he had accumulated, over 130 slaves were sold when Jefferson’s estate was auctioned off. His daughter Martha freed Sally Hemings a few years later.
Isaac Jefferson, circa 1845
Estate: Montpelier
Est. Slaves: 66 +/-
“But we must deny the fact that slaves are considered merely as property, and in no respect whatever as persons. The true case is, that they partake of both these qualities; being considered by our laws, in some respects, as persons, and in other respects, as property.” – J. Madison, 1788
As another Virginia planter – turned politician James Madison grew up in a slave-owning family and owned slaves all his life. From 1723 to 1844, during the Madison family’s ownership, hundreds of African and African-American slaves called the family estate at Montpelier home. Five, six, and possibly seven generations of African Americans were born into slavery at Montpelier. The Madisons were not the only residents of Montpelier, but they were the masters of the land and its enslaved people. Enslaved individuals also served in many domestic capacities, such as cooks, gardeners, butlers, and maids. In 1769, when Madison Jr., went away to the College of New Jersey in Princeton, he took a “personal servant” with him, a slave named Sawney. Sawney remained with the Madisons through his life, and in the 1820s is mentioned in letters and a journal as waiting on “Mother Madison.” In the prime of his life, Sawney worked as overseer of a Montpelier quarter (larger plantations were often subdivided into two or more “quarters,” each with its own overseer and labor force), called “Sawney’s tract” or “Sawney’s.” Later in life, Sawney often sold Nelly and Dolley Madison produce, eggs, and chickens from his own small plot of land. In 1833 Madison sold several of his farms but not his slaves. A year later he sold 16 slaves to a relative – with their permission. Madison did not free his slaves in his will
NOTE: Other slaveholding presidents include: James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, William Harrison, John Tyler, James Polk, Zachary Taylor, Andrew Johnson and Ulysses Grant.
The controversy over these issues continues to burn today. Recently the Episcopal Church in Alexandria instigated public discourse after deciding to remove a plaque commemorating George Washington’s patronage there. This came in conjunction with the decision to remove a similar plaque commemorating Robert E. Lee’s attendance. The plaques hung on either side of the altar at the historic church since 1870 and had quietly been the subject of debate. As the motion to remove Confederate monuments across the country spilled over to noteworthy slave owners, iconography celebrating individuals like Washington and Jefferson have been challenged by activists. In response, the homes of these three presidents remain dedicated to include the interpretation of slave life at these residences. This has broadened the public’s understanding of the disappointing truth of the lives of these three presidents and their peers.
*Sources*
Rob Lopresti, “Which U.S. Presidents Owned Slaves?”
James Madison’s Montpelier, The Enslaved Community
The Thomas Jefferson Foundation @ monticello.org
Historic Alexandria Church Decides to Remove Plaques Honoring Washington, Lee, Lori Aratani, The Washington Post (October 28, 2017)
*Biography
Michael Aubrecht is an author and historian from Fredericksburg Virginia. He is the author of several books to include The Historic Churches of Fredericksburg and The Civil War in Spotsylvania County. Michael also co-wrote and produced the documentary The Angel of Marye’s Heights. Michael is a regular guest contributor to the Emerging Civil War blog and has written many articles for Patriots of The Revolution and Civil War Historian magazines.
This entry was posted in Civilian, Memory, Personalities, Photography, Slavery and tagged Andrew Jackson, Andrew Johnson, Dolley Madison, Founding Fathers, George Washington, James Madison, James Monroe, James Polk, John Tyler, Matin Van Buren, Monticello, Montpelier, Mount Vernon, Sally Hemings, Slavery, Thomas Jefferson, Ulysses Grant, William Henry Harrison, Zachery Taylor. Bookmark the permalink.
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Walk With Washington...
The official blog of the George Washington Birthplace National Monument Community
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02 Jul Team Ireland 2018
Posted at 15:22h in 2018 Nations by FIRST Global
Team Ireland is comprised of 10 students, aged 15 to 18. We can’t wait to compete in FIRST Global 2018 and are eager to meet our peers from the other competing countries. All of our team are passionate about STEM and robotics and all seek careers in the STEM field.
Eoghan Craven Grace, Team Captain
Eoghan’s interest in robotics stems from his introduction to lego at a young age. From the first lego kit He knew that this is what he wanted to spend his life doing. From lego it progressed to using arduinos and more advanced systems with sensors and motors. He would love to study robotics in college and he aspires to be a roboticist in the future.
In his spare time he builds whatever he can. Recently he built his own drone by following youtube videos online. He watches loads of technology-related channels on youtube and is currently following the 2018 battlebots competition closely. He hopes to start designing a featherweight combat robot. His favourite subject in school is engineering. He loves the practicality of it and it goes well with robot building. His personal hero is probably Adam Savage from the mythbusters or Elon Musk. Eoghan wants to get into combat robotics and designing different sorts of fighting robots.
Brendan Alinquant, Programmer
Brendan is a fifth year student at Confey Community College, Kildare. He aspires to study Computer Science/Engineering so as to learn more about how computers work and how to best use them. Brendan is interested in this competition as he very much enjoyed the experience on the team representing Ireland in 2017 and sees it as a great opportunity to both improve his skills in mechanical design and meet people with similar interests. Outside of STEM his main interests include playing piano and playing tennis at his local club. His favourite subject in school is Technical Graphics as he found it an incredibly satisfying way to apply his mathematical skills to a practical problem. He spends his free time doing computer programming, playing piano and learning about game design. He is a strong believer in the benefits of clean energy referencing Elon Musk in his idea that clean energy is not just an alternative, it’s an inevitably.
Zac Reid, Programmer
Zac Reid is a 4th year student in Kishoge Community College. He would like to be a software engineer when he grows up. He has an interest in machine learning and marine biology. Zac is interested in robotics because he likes how computer code can be translated in the real world and be used to improve people’s lives. Zacs favourite subjects are maths, physics and economics. In his spare time he likes to learn new things and play guitar. One of Zac’s personal heroes is Bill Gates for his philanthropic work with his foundation.
AnnaMei, Electronics
AnnaMei is a 6th year student at Confey College. She hopes to study engineering in university and is interested in doing mechanical engineering. AnnaMei is interested in doing robotics as she feels that the experience will benefit her. She also thinks that robots are fascinating and wants to learn how they work.
She has always been interested in STEM. Growing up she attended CTYI where she did science oriented classes. Currently she attends the Trinity Walton Club where she does physics, maths, engineering and coding. In her spare time AnnaMei plays the piano. She has just completed her Grade Eight piano exam and now she’s learning songs for enjoyment. In school, she enjoys physics and maths the most as she finds the classes interesting and enjoys solving problems. AnnaMei’s personal hero is her mum. She looks up to her mum as her mum inspires her to work hard and strive for her goals.
Cormac Slattery, Programmer
Cormac is a 17 year old student from Confey College. In the future Cormac would either like to become a computer scientist or a teacher. Cormac has always been curious as to how things work and a keen problem solver so robotics gave him a unique challenge to try and get some coding experience. Cormac is also a very dedicated athlete and has competed internationally for Team Ireland in canoeing. He also enjoys others sports such as basketball and athletics. Cormac also enjoys music in particular playing the guitar and he is also currently trying to write his own song. Cormac’s favourite subjects in school are Maths, Physics and Politics. Cormac’s childhood hero was always Neil Armstrong and has always dreamed of going to space.
Ronan Slattery, Mechanics
Ronan is a 5th year student in Confey College. He is passionate about engineering and he loves to solve problems. He plans on studying engineering in college and hopes to pursue a career in the field. Ronan has taken part in many STEM projects, such as the Trinity Walton Club, CTYI and Cansat. He is very excited to be a part of the project and can’t wait to get working on it. Aside from robotics, Ronan enjoys canoeing, athletics and music. He has competed at an international level in canoeing and in athletics. He is also a grade 7 pianist. Ronan’s favourite subject is DCG as he finds that it gives him an enjoyable break from the learning off subjects. He also enjoys the problem solving elements. Ronan’s personal hero is Richard Dawkins. Ronan is quite a unique individual because he is in fact an identical triplet.
Pawel Zielinski, Mechanics
Paweł is interested in robotics because he likes mechanical work and problem solving challenges. In the future Paweł wants to be an actuarial mathematician. In his spare time Paweł likes to go mountain biking, listen to music and play games. His favourite subjects are maths, physics and design & communication graphics. His personal heros include Elon Musk, Gary Vaynerchuk and Christian von Koenigsegg. The most unique thing about him is his realistic and determined approach to any projects he undertakes.
Ugochukwu Uzoukwu, Mechanics
Ugo is a 16 year old student in Confey College representing team Ireland for the FIRST global challenge this year. He is very interested in all things science and technology and has previously taken part in the Cansat competition. The competition is a simulation of a real life satellite in the shape and size of a soft drinks can, the can was then launched in a small rocket and collected scientific data such as temperature and air pressure as it fell through the air. In the future Ugo wants to work as a computer hardware engineer and believes that the experience he gets from this competition will be helpful in the future.
Ademide, Electronics
Ademide is a sixth year in Confey College. does the electronics for the robot. He chose to do robotics because he has an interest in technology and electronics. He also loves coding and working with his hands. He enjoys learning about how things work. He plans to have a career in electronics and robotics engineering. In his spare time he enjoys reading, building stuff and playing music. He’s able to play guitar and piano. He can code in python. He favourite subject is Engineering as he enjoys creating and building projects. What is unique about him is that he thinks differently to other people and has a creative way of doing stuff. He is able to pick things up pretty quickly, learning new skills faster than most.
Erik Ryan, Electronics
Erik is a 16 year old student from Confey Community College in Leixlip, County Kildare. Erik is interested in robotics thanks to his love for computers, design and engineering. He hopes to study computer engineering in the future. Erik loves to play computer games and sports in his spare time. His favourite subject in school is physics.
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2014 Viola Award Nominees: Excellence in Arts Education
Mike Levin
From the nomination letter:
Mike Levin has contributed over and above in the area of theater and writing education. Each year he takes his students to theaters all over the US. He has taken them to London, Broadway, and Chicago, just to name a few, and discusses with them in depth what they see. I recently heard him say that this year he has a group of students who are so advanced that he has to prepare three hours for a one hour class just to keep them on their toes. This summer he took a play that one of his students wrote, directed it and performed it at theatrikos with some of his other students. They then took it to the D.C. theater festival and performed it there. He also continues to improve his own skills by writing plays, publishing poetry, earning a masters in writing and acting in plays on a regular basis. Mike Levin deserves recognition for all he has done for the Flagstaff community and for his students.
January 2012, Mike brought the top three plays from their third annual Fringe Fest to Canyon Moon Theater (CMT). The three plays were voted best of the Fringe by an audience of over 300 ballots. Mike Levin and Mary Guaraldi of CMT had been looking for an opportunity to present the work of FALA students to the Canyon Moon audience. Mike has been a fixture at CMT since the first season appearing in such shows as Sylvia, Fiction and The Importance of Being Earnest. “It is a pleasure to have his students appear on the Canyon Moon stage. Their creativity and talent are extraordinary,” said Guaraldi.
In June 2012, Williams College awarded its annual George Olmsted, Jr., Class of 1924 Prize for Excellence in Secondary School Teaching to four outstanding high school teachers to Michael D. Levin, who teaches English literature, composition, and theater at Flagstaff Arts & Leadership Academy in Flagstaff, Ariz. Mike was one of four winners. Each year, Williams College seniors nominate high school teachers who played influential roles in their lives and their learning. A committee comprised of faculty, staff, and students chooses winners from among the nominees. Recipients of the award receive $3,000, and an additional $2,500 is given to each recipient’s school.
“Mr. Levin consistently challenges his students, pushing us all to artistic and academic extremes,” Williams senior Molly Olguin said. “While Mr. Levin encouraged all of us to develop our own styles and forms, he pushed us to work as hard at our creative accomplishments as we did at our academics.”
Levin has been an instructor of numerous literature and theater classes at Flagstaff Arts & Leadership Academy, a small public charter high school with a rigorous liberal arts curriculum and an emphasis on fine and performing arts, since 1997. “Every class I had with Mr. Levin in high school was my favorite class,” Olguin said. “Four years later, I still have friends from high school who constantly bring up specific moments of realization and academic and artistic satisfaction that happened for us in Mr. Levin’s classes.”
Ari Wilder, dean of academy at Flagstaff and a Williams graduate (’99), said of Levin “Mike is incredibly devoted to reading, creating, performing, and appreciating literature, and his classes all have a sense of purpose and palpable intensity that is fueled by his enthusiasm and dedication. His classes unfold organically, with seamless insertions of relevant information and natural dialogue and discussions between the students and Mike, but he achieves this by being highly prepared and knowledgeable about the topic at hand.”
Levin said that at Flagstaff, teachers are entrusted to design the curriculum and to select the books that best serves students. “This permits the course content to adapt to the desires and needs of the students,” Levin said. “So much of my position in the language and theater arts is about laying the foundation in the historical while staying current to the trends in academia and the world.”
Mike was awarded a National Endowment for the Humanities grant to study “The Problem of Evil and the Origins of Totalitarianism” at Bard College in New York for five weeks during summer 2012. Mike was able to enhance the classes he teaches at FALA using information and themes learned in this workshops.
From a parent:
“M. Levin has a facebook page…and you can really tell the kind of person he is by the postings of his past students…and current students. Also, as a parent of one of his current students. He…is…off the charts fabulous. I have not seen many as dedicated to his art as he is….it is clear that he want his students to love the arts (all of them-not just theater).
“My son went on a week long trip with him last year to San Fransisco. WAS AMAZING. They went to galleries, the art museum, mural tours, Berkely for a tour, cooking lessons, fed the homeless, opening night at some swanky theater and the san fran ballet.”
Letter of recommendation (.pdf file)
John Tannous2019-01-01T05:42:33-07:00February 22nd, 2014|Nominees, Viola Awards|
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Fight Against the New Jim Crow
Searching for Solutions
Our Database
Female Incarceration
Our Database on Mass Incarceration Topics
Learn about Recidivism
Lee, Trymaine. “Recidivism Hard To Shake For Ex-Offenders Returning Home To Dim Prospects.” The Huffington Post. Web. 9 June,2012.
Summary: The article essentially states that the main cause of recidivism is the socio-economic circumstances to which many former convicts return. In a society, where no one believes in the rehabilitation of a criminal, we make it harder for those who have paid their debts to society to return as functioning members of society. In doing so, we push them back towards prison. Online background checks have become an easy way for employers to discriminate against former criminals, and along with the unfavorable circumstances in regards to employment, these men have very few sources for other things. They have a lack of access to healthcare, they are often banned from public housing and assistance. and their personal and emotional needs were not met upon their arrival in prison and are certainly not to be met now. When your community has been crippled by the prison system, it leaves you with little to return to, so many end up going right back to what they have come to know and depend on after years in the system.
Kubrin, Charis. Squires, Gregory. Stewart, Eric. "Neighborhoods, Race, and Recidivism: The Community-Reoffending Nexus and its Implications for African Americans. SAGE Publications. 2007. Print. DOI: 10.1177/0307920107073250
Summary: In this study we explore the impact of neighborhoods on criminals and of criminals on neighborhoods with respect to a current pressing problem—prisoner reentry. First, we review the key issues surrounding prisoner reentry in a “get tough on crime” era and describe the multiple challenges ex-offenders face upon release. We pay particular attention to the group affected most by these challenges—young Black males. Second, we examine trends in reoffending and link rising recidivism rates to current criminal justice policies and practices. Third, we determine how recidivism may be linked to the neighborhoods where prisoners return. Using data on a sample of ex-offenders in Multnomah County, Oregon in conjunction with Census data, we show how one critical community characteristic—neighborhood socioeconomic status—accounts for variation in the reoffending behavior of exprisoners that is not explained by their individual-level characteristics. Fourth, we consider whether the linkage between residence and recidivism may be conditioned by race. And finally, we discuss the policy implications by stressing the need to focus on communities as one part of a larger plan for reducing recidivism.
“Emerging Solutions to Help Reduce Recidivism.” Ramsell White. Ramsell Corporation, 2011. Web. 14 November 2015. <http://www.ramsellcorp.com/PDF/Recidivism_White_Paper_July_2011.pdf>.
McKean, Lise. “Current Strategies for Reducing Recidivism.” Center for Impact Research, 1 Aug. 2004. Web. 14 November 2015. <http://www.ramsellcorp.com/PDF/Recidivism_White_Paper_July_2011.pdf>.
Liminal Institutions: What is Wrong & How to Remodel Them
Schlosser, Eric. The Prison-Industrial Complex
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1998/12/the-prison-industrial-complex/304669/
Tonry, Michael. “Remodeling American Sentencing: A Ten-Step Blueprint for Moving Past Mass Incarceration.” Criminology & Public Policy 13.4 (2014): 503ØC533.
Summary: "When and if the will to roll back mass incarceration and to create just, fair, and effective sentencing systems becomes manifest, the way forward is clear. First, three-strikes, mandatory minimum sentence, and comparable laws should be repealed.Second, any three-strikes, mandatory minimum sentence, and comparable laws that are not repealed should be substantially narrowed in scope and severity. Third, any three-strikes, mandatory minimum sentence, and comparable laws that are not repealed should be amended to include provisions authorizing judges to impose some other sentence ”°in the interest of justice.”± Fourth, life-without-possibility-of-parole laws should be repealed or substantially narrowed.Fifth, truth-in-sentencing laws should be repealed. Sixth, criminal codes should be amended to set substantially lower maximum sentences scaled to the seriousness of crimes. Seventh, every state that does not already have one should establish a sentencing commission and promulgate presumptive sentencing guidelines. Eighth, every state that does not already have one should establish a parole board and every state should establish a parole guidelines system. Ninth, every state and the federal government should reduce its combined rate of jail and prison confinement to half its 2014 level by 2020.Tenth, every state should enact legislation making all prisoners serving fixed terms longer than 5 years, or indeterminate terms, eligible for consideration for release at the expiration of 5 years, and making all prisoners 35 years of age or older eligible for consideration for release after serving 3 years.These proposals are evidence-based and mostly technocratic. Those calling for prison population targets and reducing the lengths of sentences being served may seem bold to some. Relative to the problems they address, they are modest and partial. Decreasing rates of imprisonment by half in the United States, a country with comparatively low crime rates, to a level that will remain 3 to 3.5 times those of other developed Western countries, can hardly be considered overly ambitious."
Learn How We Can Prevent Re-Entry into Prisons & Help Individuals Adjust Post-Incarceration Life After Doing Their Time
Wenger, Yvonne. “Woman to run 67 miles to raise money for mediation between families and prisoners.” The Baltimore Sun. Web. 28 November 2014.
Summary: Lorig Charkoudian is a MD resident is a member of a group of volunteers for a nonprofit called Community Mediation Maryland. In 2014, she did a 67 mile run to help raise money for Baltimore families who are unable to afford the costly bus ride to see their incarcerated loved ones. The argument of this article was that the best way for adults to re-enter into society is with the help of their families. Community Mediation works to reunite families and repair bonds that inmates may lose with their loved ones after years behind bars. After being imprisoned and isolated for so long, it is hard for may to imagine the lives that they lived before incarceration. The group’s goal is to help these men “nurture a support system.” By meeting with the former inmates and their families and mediating conversations and arrangements for these people to assimilate back into society, the volunteers have found that they can repair relationships that appear to have died out, and provide the reformed citizens with the comfort and support of their loved ones so that they do not feel as if they are doomed to take on such a difficult task by themselves.
Embry, Venita V. "'Maybe It'll Take My Mind off the Situation': Stressors, Coping, and Social Support for African-American Women with Incarcerated Partners." Diss. Emory U, 2012. Print.
Listwan, Shelley Johnson, Francis T. Cullen, and Edward J. Latessa. "How To Prevent Prisoner Re-Entry Programs From Failing: Insights From Evidence-Based Corrections." Federal Probation 70.3 (2006): 19-25. Academic Search Complete. Web. 16 Nov. 2015.
Other Great Sources & Topics
Nguyen, Mimi. "The Hoodie as Sign, Screen, Expectation, and Force" Vol. 40, No. 4 (Summer 2015), pp. 791-816 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Article DOI: 10.1086/680326 Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/6803262.
Summary: “Asked to look beneath the hoodie to see the distinctive individual, the hoodie confounds her recognition because the hoodie implies the qualities of thugness, or criminality, and imparts them accordingly. Racial subjectivization thus emerges through this interaction between flesh and fabric. Imbued with animative power, Martin’s hoodie not only lends to him the resemblance of criminal behavior and deviant being (because it obscures recognition) but also propels his body physically, expressively, into that other realm of possible activity.” Article states a piece of clothing may be the reason for Trayvon’s death. A black man in a hoodie means a black body hidden. Was it the hoodie or the skin color? It boils down to skin color and the criminality of a dark complexion
Learn About The Generational Transfer of Racism in a America: A country where racism is seen to have as much as a presence as it did in history.
Silva, Eduardo. Racism without Racists: Color-blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003. Print.
Recent Article on Mass Incarceration in Urban Cities Today
Coates, Ta-Nehisi. "The Black Family in the Age of Mass Incarceration." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 14 Sept. 2015. Web. 15 Nov. 2015.
Summary: "At arrest, approximately 50% of men are in a committed heterosexual relationship. Thus, it is important to identify mass incarceration’s indirect effects. This analysis sought to identify unique emotional stressors, coping strategies, and support sources for African‐American women with incarcerated partners." It is important to study the effects both on those in the prison system as well as those who are tied directly to it.
Harcourt, Bernard E. The Illusion of Free Markets: Punishment and the Myth of Natural Order. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2011. Print.
Roberts, Dorothy. "The Social and Moral Cost of Mass Incarceration in African American Communities." Stanford Law Review. Vol. 56, No. 5. 2004
Enns, Peter K. “The Public’s Increasing Punitiveness and Its Influence on Mass Incarceration in the United State.” American Journal of Political Science 58.4 (2014): 857–872.
Summary: "Following more than 30 years of rising incarceration rates, the United States now imprisons a higher proportion of its population than any country in the world. Building on theories of representation and organized interest group behavior, this article argues that an increasingly punitive public has been a primary reason for this prolific expansion. To test this hypothesis, I generate a new over-time measure of the public's support for being tough on crime. The analysis suggests that, controlling for the crime rate, illegal drug use, inequality, and the party in power, since 1953 public opinion has been a fundamental determinant of changes in the incarceration rate. If the public's punitiveness had stopped rising in the mid-1970s, the results imply that there would have been approximately 20% fewer incarcerations. Additionally, an analysis of congressional attention to criminal justice issues supports the argument that the public's attitudes have led, not followed, political elites."
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Al Franken ›
Posted on Saturday, 12th August, 2017 at 2:44 PM ›
“I do personal attacks only on people who specialize in personal attacks.”
Quotes by Al Franken
And I think that being able to make people laugh and write a book that’s funny makes the information go down a lot easier and it makes it a lot more fun to read, easier to understand, and often stronger. So there’s all kinds of advantages to it.
Antitrust law isn’t about protecting competing businesses from each other, it’s about protecting competition itself on behalf of the public.
Anybody who deliberately propagandizes with lies should be held up to scorn and ridicule.
Apple has long been a leading innovator of mobile technology; I myself own an iPhone.
Armed with nothing more than a Facebook user’s phone number and home address, anyone with an Internet connection and a few dollars can obtain personal information they should never have access to, including a user’s date of birth, e-mail address, or estimated income.
As a source of innovation, an engine of our economy, and a forum for our political discourse, the Internet can only work if it’s a truly level playing field. Small businesses should have the same ability to reach customers as powerful corporations. A blogger should have the same ability to find an audience as a media conglomerate.
As someone who’s spent time with our troops in Iraq and Afghanistan on USO tours and met wounded warriors at Walter Reed and Bethesda, I feel a deep obligation to the men and women who have risked life and limb on our behalf.
At ‘SNL,’ I wrote political stuff, but I never felt the show should have an axe to grind. But when I left in ’95, I could let my own beliefs out.
Bill Clinton is the greatest president of the 20th century because I played touch football with him.
Bob Dole used to be really funny. Barney Frank can be kind of funny. Bob Kerrey has a good sense of humor.
But in the right-wing media, they do have a right-wing bias. And they also have an agenda. So their agenda is: we’re an adjunct of the Republican Party, and we’re going push that agenda every day, and, as you say, brand these stories that help further the right-wing cause.
Call-time has renewed my faith in the need for public financing of elections. ‘Call-time’ is where I as the candidate, sit in a room with my ‘call-time manager,’ and a phone. Then I call people and ask them for money. For hours. Apparently, I’m really good at it.
Changing technologies, changing marketplaces, and even changing trends in anti-competitive practices have all presented challenges to antitrust enforcement.
Comedy to the Senate? Well, there certainly hasn’t been a satirist or a political satirist who’s done that. So, that really was uncharted territory during the campaign. But I think it’s a good thing. Some people thought that it was an odd career arc, but to me it made absolute sense.
Demagoguery sells. And therefore radio stations will put it on. But that doesn’t mean that you can’t do something else and also make it sell. You know, when I look at an Ann Coulter or I look at a Rush or I look at a Sean Hannity, I think to myself, ‘What kind of self-image do you have?’
Demagoguery sells. And therefore, radio stations will put it on. But that doesn’t mean that you can’t do something else and also make it sell.
During Vietnam, I was in college, enjoying my student deferment. The government wisely felt that, in my case, military service was less important than completing my studies to prepare me for my chosen career: comedian.
For 35 years, I was a writer. I wrote a lot of jokes. Some of them weren’t funny. Some of them weren’t appropriate. Some of them were downright offensive. I understand that.
Gary Bauer is a very good – he’s a good friend of mine.
Google’s screen for privacy settings does give you more options for what you share than Apple’s does. But it’s not a complete list, and people aren’t aware of whether or not that information will go to a third party.
Grown-up love means actually understanding what you love, taking the good with the bad and helping your loved one grow. Love takes attention and work and is the best thing in the world.
Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government asked me to serve as a fellow at its Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics, and Public Policy. After my varied and celebrated career in television, movies, publishing, and the lucrative world of corporate speaking, being a fellow at Harvard seemed, frankly, like a step down.
Having an actual income can expand your romantic horizons toward the more appealing end of the spectrum.
Humor and seriousness are not in opposition to each other.
I also focus on Bush and his administration – who do a lot of lying – and how a right-wing media has allowed them to get away with a lot of stuff that, in a different media environment, they probably wouldn’t be able to get away with.
I am a Minnesotan, and not just because I root for the Vikings and the Twins. I like the Minnesota-nice sensibility. I like the liberal tradition; I like the Hubert Humphrey tradition fighting for civil rights.
I ask the American people not to fall victim to disinformation. There are no death panels. The Affordable Care Act cuts the deficit.
I believe in not attacking a country pre-emptively unless you’re sure of what you’re doing and you’re working with allies.
I believe people have a right to know what’s going on with their information and how it’s collected, how it’s stored and who gets it.
I couldn’t think of anything less appealing than molding the minds of tomorrow’s leaders.
I do have a self-censor; everybody does, or at least most who are not pathological do.
I don’t consider myself an artist necessarily, but craftsmen or people in the arts, their spiritualism is sort of when you’re writing well or performing well or doing whatever you do well, there’s an element of that that’s either God-given, a talent that you’re not necessarily responsible for.
I don’t know how many of you have been to New York, but if a building is two blocks away from anything, you can’t see it.
I don’t know what happens to you after you die. I’m not banking on there being, like, a heaven.
I don’t think I’m an angry person. I think I’m a person who’s angry. I’m angry at the Bush administration; I’m angry at the right wing media. And by that I don’t mean the media is right wing. I mean, there is a part of the media that’s not the mainstream media. That’s Fox, that is ‘The Wall Street Journal’ editorial page.
I felt like the luckiest kid in the world. And I was. I was growing up middle-class in a time when growing up middle-class in America meant there would be jobs for my parents, good schools for me to prepare myself for a career, and, if I worked hard and played by the rules, a chance for me to do anything I wanted.
I get satisfaction when I write something I like, when I’m happy with it.
I got interested in politics during the civil rights movement and then Vietnam.
I grew up in Minnesota, where we treasure our tradition of civic engagement – and our record of having the nation’s highest voter participation.
I hope you realize, in a democracy, laughter is assent.
I just can’t sit still and meditate; that doesn’t kind of work for me. I don’t even know exactly what it means.
I know I have an awful lot to learn from the people of Minnesota.
I know that it’s probably not a good idea for a comedian, especially a satirist, to support a public policy group or a politician. This is something I learned only too well years ago when I did a fundraiser for Pol Pot. A few years later I saw ‘The Killing Fields,’ and I’ve got to tell you, I just felt like a schmuck.
I listen to NPR when I listen to the radio, but I don’t listen to the radio that much. You know, I listen to Garrison Keillor, I listen to ‘Prairie Home Companion.’
I once asked the most fabulous couple I know, Madonna and Guy Ritchie, how they kept things fresh despite having been married for almost seven months. ‘It’s a job, Al,’ Guy told me. ‘We work at it every day.’
I think Clinton fatigue was a real thing. It’s just hard to get comfortable with Gore – it was hard for him to project who he is, the person people know in private.
I think Hell exists on Earth. It’s a psychological state, or it can be a physical state. People who have severe mental illness are in Hell. People who have lost a loved one are in Hell. I think there are all kinds of different hells. It’s not a place you go to after you die.
I think that the default for collecting any kind of personal data should be opt-in consent.
I think the Internet has developed at this incredibly rapid pace because of net neutrality, because of the free nature of it, because a YouTube can start the way YouTube started.
I think the government has a role in protecting the fundamental rights of its citizens.
I want to reclaim ‘liberal.’ I’m a liberal, and I think most Americans are liberals.
I’m a bit of a shill for the Clinton Administration, which has its perks. I’m invited to all the inaugural balls.
I’m crushed by the responsibility of writing a satirical book.
I’m for Israel’s right to exist.
I’m from the Vietnam generation. I didn’t serve.
I’m part of the mushball middle. I consider ‘confused’ the majority position because, thankfully, most people would rather be uncertain some of the time than 100% positive all the time – even when they’re wrong.
I’m sure I’ve devoted enough thought to Rush Limbaugh for one lifetime.
I’m the New York Jew who actually grew up in Minnesota.
I’ve never understood why we would want to deny all the joys – and the challenges – of marriage to anyone. Which is why I think any loving, committed couple – gay or straight – should be able to get married.
I’ve spent my entire career being a satirist.
If 98 out of 100 doctors tell me I’ve got a problem, I should take their advice. And if those two other doctors get paid by Big Snack Food, like certain climate deniers get paid by Big Coal, I shouldn’t take their advice.
If I put myself on the ballot and even 50 people voted for me, it’d be a travesty.
If Republicans eliminate Medicare, America will become a country in which you can never retire – and once you physically can no longer work, you are desperately poor until you die.
If someone hacks your password, you can change it – as many times as you want.
If someone hacks your password, you can change it – as many times as you want. You can’t change your fingerprints. You have only ten of them. And you leave them on everything you touch; they are definitely not a secret.
If we have George W. Bush as president, we’re going to go back to the kind of policies we had when his father and Ronald Reagan were president.
If you hear, day after day, liberals are rooting against armed forces, that is eventually going to have an effect on soldiers and troops who are actually going to believe that and it’s wrong. It’s just wrong.
If you look at terrorists, they really have no sense of humor.
If you use Facebook – as I do – Facebook in all likelihood has a unique digital file of your face, one that can be as accurate as a fingerprint and that can be used to identify you in a photo of a large crowd.
If you use a cell phone – as I do – your wireless carrier likely has records about your physical movements going back months, if not years.
If you want a free email service that doesn’t use your words to target ads to you, you’ll have to figure out how to port years and years of Gmail messages somewhere else, which is about as easy as developing your own free email service.
In my first week as a U.S. senator, I had the privilege of participating in the Supreme Court confirmation hearing for Judge Sonia Sotomayor.
In our political system, money is power. And that means a few can have a lot more power than the rest. That’s bad news for everyone else – and for our democracy itself.
It is my fondest wish that in the fullness of time, the American people will look back on the Franken presidency as something of a mixed bag and not as a complete disaster.
It’s easier to put on slippers than to carpet the whole world.
It’s hard for a liberal to go on between Sean Hannity and Rush Limbaugh, because it’s like doing country music after hip-hop. I mean, just, the audience doesn’t go from one to the other.
It’s hard to have that debate around secret programs authorized by secret legal opinions issued by a secret court. Actually, it’s impossible to have that debate.
It’s the Power of the Almighty, the Splendor of Nature, and then you.
Let’s keep the Internet weird. Let’s keep the Internet free.
Let’s not let the government sell us out. Let’s fight for net neutrality.
Liberals like me love America. We just love America in a different way.
Minnesota has a proud tradition of having two Senators on the Ag committee – a tradition I’d like very much to continue.
Minnesotans know the difference between the job of satirist and the job of senator. And so do I.
Minnesotans lost their jobs because the credit rating agencies didn’t do the only job they’re supposed to have, the only job they had, which is to give accurate, objective ratings to financial products.
Mistakes are a part of being human. Appreciate your mistakes for what they are: precious life lessons that can only be learned the hard way. Unless it’s a fatal mistake, which, at least, others can learn from.
Most Americans don’t think about antitrust law when they look at their cable bill, flip channels on TV, or worry about what their favorite website knows about them. But they should.
My dad always told me to stand up to bullies, and Bill O’Reilly is kind of a bully, and he’s the kind of kid who hits other kids on the playground. And when you hit him, he runs to the teacher and says, ‘Teacher, sue him.’
My dad didn’t graduate from high school, ended up being a printing salesman, probably never made more than $8,000 a year. My mom sold real estate and did it part time.
My dad loved comedians, especially George Jessel, and he loved Henny Youngman and Buddy Hackett.
My dad never graduated high school. He was a printing salesman. We lived in a two-bedroom, one-bath house in St. Louis Park, Minnesota. We weren’t rich – but we felt secure.
My dad was a terrible businessman.
My daughter became a teacher right out of college.
My parents didn’t make a lot of money. My dad was not a high school graduate – he didn’t have a career as such; he was a printing salesman essentially for most of his working life.
My parents were really political. The news was very important in our home. We basically had dinner every night while watching the news, and then we’d discuss it with our parents.
My spiritual life is… sometimes I have access to it and sometimes I don’t. When I do have access to it, it’s usually a sense of my understanding what the best course of action or the best thing for me to do. By best, I mean when I have a real sense of doing the right thing and doing good for people and the connected universe of everybody.
My views about God come from my dad. Dad told me that he believed Nature, which to him included humankind, to be so beautiful, so magnificent, that there had to be something behind it all.
National security laws must protect national security. But they must also protect the public trust and preserve the ability of an informed electorate to hold its government to account.
Net neutrality has been in place since the very beginning of the Internet.
Net neutrality isn’t a government takeover of the Internet, as many of my Republican colleagues have alleged.
No one is more sensitive to the issue of overeating than the creator of Stuart Smalley.
Our laws need to reflect the evolution of technology and the changing expectations of American society. This is why the Constitution is often called a ‘living’ document.
Part of the middle class promise is that, after a lifetime of hard work, you’ll be able to retire and enjoy the fruits of that labor. Medicare was established to secure that promise.
People lucky enough to live in the vicinity of an industrial hog farm are, with each breath, made keenly aware of the cause of their declining property values.
Progressives, in a way, are the new conservatives. We want to conserve what we fought to build.
Ralph Nader is a hero. I know Ralph, and I call him up occasionally. He’s helped me out on a couple of occasions when I’ve given speeches to corporations where he’d have a good… He’d give me some good information.
Service dogs raise their masters’ sense of well-being.
Small businesses should have the same ability to reach customers as powerful corporations. A blogger should have the same ability to find an audience as a media conglomerate.
Some of George W. Bush’s friends say that Bush believes God called him to be president during these times of trial. But God told me that He/She/It had actually chosen Al Gore by making sure that Gore won the popular vote and, God thought, the Electoral College. ‘That worked for everyone else,’ God said.
Some of my colleagues seem more interested in using every procedural method possible to keep the Senate from doing anything than they are in creating jobs or helping Americans struggling in a difficult economy.
Sometimes if I tell people, ‘I’m afraid that I’m really a fraud,’ or ‘I have a lot of self-doubt,’ they go, ‘Oh, no, you’re kidding.’ I go, ‘No, I’m really honest.’
Technology is an incredible tool – it connects people to each other, creates jobs all over the world, and makes life easier for millions of Americans.
Teen pregnancy went way down in the ’90s, and 75 percent of it was because of increased use of contraception.
Terrorism, to me, is the use of terror for political purpose, and terror is indiscriminate murder of civilians to make a political point.
The Founders who crafted our Constitution and Bill of Rights were careful to draft a Constitution of limited powers – one that would protect Americans’ liberty at all times – both in war, and in peace.
The Fourth Amendment doesn’t apply to corporations.
The Medicare Part D prescription drug bill, which might be the most corrupt piece of legislation in history, was a huge giveaway of taxpayer funds to the big pharmaceutical companies.
The Minnesotans I talk to are really concerned about what the future holds for their families. They’re trying to pay for health care and send their kids to college, they’re worried about declining home values, they’re scared for a loved one they have serving in Iraq.
The Republican agenda is a radical vision in which Medicaid is slashed to the bone – in which we start to balance the budget on the backs of, literally, our most vulnerable citizens.
The biases the media has are much bigger than conservative or liberal. They’re about getting ratings, about making money, about doing stories that are easy to cover.
The civil rights movement was very important in my house, and then Vietnam was very important ’cause there were two boys, so I came of age during a very heated political climate.
The government must give proper weight to both keeping America safe from terrorists and protecting Americans’ privacy. But when Americans lack the most basic information about our domestic surveillance programs, they have no way of knowing whether we’re getting that balance right. This lack of transparency is a big problem.
The institutions that we’ve built up over the years to protect our individual privacy rights from the government don’t apply to the private sector. The Fourth Amendment doesn’t apply to corporations. The Freedom of Information Act doesn’t apply to Silicon Valley. And you can’t impeach Google if it breaks its ‘Don’t be evil’ campaign pledge.
The nature of the Internet and the importance of net neutrality is that innovation can come from everyone.
The next thing I am doing is moving back home to Minnesota and getting involved in politics. I’m looking at a run for Senate in 2008, but in the meantime I am focused on knitting together the progressive network in the upper Midwest.
The point is that there is tremendous hypocrisy among the Christian right. And I think that Christian voters should start looking at global warming and extreme poverty as a religious issue that speaks to the culture of life.
The reason I wrote political satire was because I thought it – politics – was important… that public policy was important. Then I transitioned into books, then into radio.
The right wing has had a radio apparatus for years and years, so they’ve had minor leagues – they’ve had local rightwing guys who’ve become national rightwing guys, and who build slowly, and that’s how it goes. We haven’t had that. It isn’t like we have a farm team.
The thing that interests me least about the radio business is the radio business. But I’ve had to learn a little bit about it. It’s not rocket science: You get ratings, that’s good.
The way I see it, I’m not going to Washington to be the 60th Democratic senator. I’m going to Washington to be the second senator from the state of Minnesota.
There is – I mean – I found early in life that righteous indignation is a little off-putting, and so I try to couch it with humor.
There’s an appeal to the American sense of exceptionalism, that we’re morally superior, as way to not be self-critical. I think that’s a bit dangerous.
There’s no comparison between NPR and the propaganda that you hear from Rush or from Sean Hannity, the news movement conservatives that are just laying out, slathering out the disinformation and the lies, as I discuss in my book, ‘Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them: A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right.’
There’s plenty of room for humor in politics, God knows, but it’s a serious business.
To ask whether the mainstream media has a conservative or liberal bias is like asking whether al-Qaida uses too much oil in their hummus. It’s – I think they might use too much oil in their hummus – but it’s the wrong question.
To make the argument that the media has a left- or right-wing, or a liberal or a conservative bias, is like asking if the problem with Al-Qaeda is do they use too much oil in their hummus.
Too many people don’t protect their smartphones with a password or PIN. I anticipate that Apple’s fingerprint reader will in fact make iPhone 5S owners more likely to secure their smartphones.
Veterans report that service dogs help break their isolation. People will often avert their eyes when they see a wounded veteran. But when the veteran has a dog, the same people will come up and say, ‘Hi’ to pet the dog and then strike up a conversation.
We need to be pro-science; we have to go back to science.
We need to prepare our kids for a 21st Century economy, and we’re not doing it with our schools.
We need to start by having a conversation about climate change. It would be irresponsible to avoid the issue just because it’s uncomfortable to talk about.
We owe an historic debt to American Indians. They have a unique set of concerns that haven’t been addressed, and I’d like to stand with them. Also, I’d like to get their views on immigration.
Well, I think that there’s a value to comedy in and of itself.
Well, a lot of politics is communicating with people, and obviously comedy has something to do with that. I’ve been a producer and led people. Also, being a comedian, you’re under pressure.
What you see on the campaign trail is me. It’s easy being me.
When I first started writing for television in the seventies and eighties, the Internet didn’t exist, and we didn’t need to worry about foreign websites illegally distributing the latest TV shows and blockbuster movies online.
When people talked about protecting their privacy when I was growing up, they were talking about protecting it from the government. They talked about unreasonable searches and seizures, about keeping the government out of their bedrooms.
When the Constitution was written, the founders had no way of anticipating the new technologies that would evolve in the coming centuries.
When the president during the campaign said he was against nation building, I didn’t realize he meant our nation.
When you encounter seemingly good advice that contradicts other seemingly good advice, ignore them both.
When you live in New York, one of two things happen – you either become a New Yorker, or you feel more like the place you came from.
When you win an election, what you really win is a chance to go to work for working families who need a voice in Minnesota.
Why don’t we focus on what Afghan women can do? They can cook, bear children and pray. As I recall, that was fine for our grandmothers.
Yeah, but you need an experienced radio veteran who is a liberal advocate. And there just hadn’t been any radio that did that. And so they weren’t trained – they had developed all these bad habits of being objective and balanced and stuff like that.
Yeah, we shot ourselves in the foot right out of the gate. The guy who ran it at first misled pretty much everybody about how much capital we had. He said we had enough to go three years without making money, and we had enough to go three weeks.
You can’t change your fingerprints. You have only ten of them. And you leave them on everything you touch; they are definitely not a secret.
You have to love your country like an adult loves somebody, not like a child loves its mommy. And right-wing Republicans tend to love America like a child loves its mommy, where everything Mommy does is okay. But adult love means you’re not in denial, and you want the loved one to be the best they can be.
You know, Lincoln was funny. I don’t think F.D.R. was very funny. But Lincoln was funny. Lincoln was really funny. But I think you should get elected first, and then show that you’re funny.
You might not like that Facebook shares your political opinions with Politico, but are you really going to delete all the photos, all the posts, all the connections – the presence you’ve spent years establishing on the world’s dominant social network?
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NASA/JHUAPL/SwRI/Alex Parker
Off World
NASA’s Recent Pictures of Objects in the Kuiper Belt Just Broke Records
New Horizons captured images of space objects nearly 3.8 billion miles away from our planet.
Brad JonesFebruary 15th 2018
/ Off World
/ Kuiper Belt
/ Nasa
/ New Horizons
/Kuiper Belt
/Nasa
/New Horizons
Lights, Camera, Kuiper Belt
3.79 billion miles away in the inky blackness of space, NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft snapped two pictures and transmitted those images back to Earth. New Horizons’s December 2017 photoshoot now holds the record of being the farthest away a camera has ever been from our planet. The previous record was the famous ‘Pale Blue Dot’ image, taken by the probe Voyager 1 when it was 3.75 billion miles away in 1990.
New Horizons used its Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) to photograph two objects in the Kuiper belt, a cluster of dwarf planets — including Pluto — and space rocks at the fringe of our solar system. The Kuiper belt contains celestial leftovers from the birth our solar system. So while the images of 2012 HZ84 (on the left) and 2012 HE85 might not look like much, they can provide insights into the beginnings of our solar system.
Two objects in the Kuiper belt. Credits: NASA/JHUAPL/SwRI.
Simon Porter, an astrophysicist at Southwest Research Institute in Colorado who is a member of the New Horizons mission, characterized the images as being results of a “test run” in an interview with The Washington Post. That’s why the image of 2012 HE85 is slightly off-center in the picture above.
Currently, the Hubble Space Telescope orbiting Earth is able to produce more detailed images of most Kuiper Belt objects than New Horizons’s LORRI, according to Porter. But not for long.
New Horizons is actually on its way out of our solar system, traveling about 700,000 miles a day away from us. The spacecraft switches between active and dormant modes to save fuel, and was most recently “on” between August and December 2017, when it shot the aforementioned images.
The next time New Horizons wakes up — in summer of 2018 — the images it beams back from the Kuiper belt will be better quality than those captured by the Hubble, The Washington Post reports.
As New Horizons continues to send us information about the far reaches of our solar system, scientists will analyze the images to improve our understanding of the shape and surface properties of these distant objects. The photographs will also help scientists check for moons, and whether these celestial objects have rings like Saturn and Uranus.
Whether New Horizons can help scientists locate the elusive, almost-mythical Planet Nine, or simply offer more insight into what objects are like in this distant region of space, it’s clear this spacecraft will continue enhancing our knowledge about the farthest reaches of our solar system.
Robots & Machines
Jeddah Tower: New Build Set to Replace Burj Khalifa as World’s Tallest Building
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Posts Tagged ‘female characters’
The Problem With Princesses
Posted in Female Characters, Trends & Stereotypes, tagged Disney, disney princesses, female characters, princess, sexism, stereotypes on March 24, 2012| 14 Comments »
Princess. What comes to mind when you hear or read the word? For me, two things instantly pop into my head; as a child, like many little girls, I liked princesses. I kid you not when I say that I liked their frilly dresses, but more than that I liked stories about girls. While in many stories princesses are not the main character, sometimes they are the main female character or one of few. Yet once I became old enough to pay attention to what happened in the story I remember feeling underwhelmed and disappointed. How excited could I get if the good princesses don’t do anything besides wait for someone else to do something? That leads me to my second thought; princess characters have become one of the most old and tired stereotypes for girls.
But despite princesses typically being horribly stereotypical, that’s not always the case. It’s become my mission/hobby to seek out princess characters that defy the limited and lame definition of what princesses have come to stand for in fiction. I’m going to introduce you to some of those that I’ve found and explain how they break that mold in a new series of posts. However, before I go showing off characters who break that mold, what is it that’s so bad about the usual princess character? Because Disney’s princesses demonstrate my point so well, I’ll use them as my princess archetypes.
Cinderella, Aurora (Sleeping Beauty), and Snow White–the 1st batch.
These three are “perfect” in the traditional sense, and when I say “traditional” I mean ye ol’ times traditional; they are all kind, beautiful, and subservient. On the topic of subservience, notice that none of these princesses have a strong will. Snow White and Aurora didn’t do any kind of rebelling and the extent of Cinderella’s defiance was sneaking out to go to a ball. On that last note, notice that, despite the abusive behavior of her step-sisters and step-mother, Cinderella never confronts them. All three princesses have the emotional range of happy and sad because a good girl should never get angry.
As for their few skills, they are skills that are considered feminine such as cleaning and singing. They’re not shown to be particularly intelligent, but in previous centuries intelligence in a woman was not seen as a virtue. (Frankly, it hasn’t been too long since the U.S. as a society began valuing smarts in women instead of teaching them to dumb themselves down.)
Finally, the princesses’ problems are not due to any fault of their own. Both Snow White and Cinderella suffer because of the jealousy of other women and Aurora is cursed by a witch out of spite for her family. These three princesses’ problems only emphasize their own virtue and the vice of others. The most these girls could be accused of is naivety. In addition, none of them solve their own problems; a prince appears and does that for them. So, to sum it up, the earliest Disney princesses symbolize the female who is pure and good yet frail and entirely dependent on men. These princesses are unrealistic, outdated ideals of what a good girl should be so, there’s really not a lot of good I can say about them. Honestly, they’re just plain boring.
Ariel (The Little Mermaid), Jasmine (Aladdin), and Belle (Beauty & the Beast)–the 2nd batch.
These princesses are definitely improved from their predecessors. They actually seem to have souls and take action throughout the course of their stories rather than just being pretty dolls collecting dust on a shelf. Yes, they are pretty and kind, but there’s more to them; Ariel is adventurous, Jasmine is rebellious about her fate as a princess, and Belle has a thriving brain behind her pretty face that she wants to use. Each of them also confronts at least one person at some point, meaning they’re not punching bags. However, there are issues that set them up as typical princesses.
Ariel gives up things she loves (i.e. her voice and family) to be with a guy. There are two ways to look at her giving up her world to be with her love: 1) Ariel was dissatisfied with her world and wanted something new thus it wasn’t just about the guy, or 2) this course of action has an underlying message that a girl should give up anything for a guy she loves. The thing that makes me lean toward the latter is Ariel’s deal with the sea witch. With this deal, she not only gives up her world but also her voice and it’s not like she’d been dreaming of getting rid of that. The other point to note is she makes that deal not with adventure of the new world in mind, but of meeting a man she’s never met. Not having a voice also means that Prince Eric, her love, judges her only on her looks and general nature, but not on what she thinks.
Jasmine becomes the damsel in distress of Aladdin’s story. She tries to run away, she gets in trouble, Aladdin saves her. Jafar, the villain, tries to get the royal family’s power and Aladdin saves her and her family. And of course, like those classic stories mentioned above, Aladdin also saves Jasmine from her biggest problem–marrying someone she doesn’t love. Granted, Jasmine at least isn’t such a boring damsel in distress like the previous three, but that element is still present in her story. Obviously, her story also revolves around love.
Finally, I have the least problems with Belle, but she is also the good, pretty girl whose story is singularly about love (note that the problem is not that there is a romance but that it is only about romance). Also notice that once again, Belle, Ariel, and Jasmine have no real noticeable flaws and represent ideas of what a girl should be; kind and pretty with a life that revolves around a guy.
So, in this series I will write about princesses (by blood or marriage) who have flaws, stories with more to them than just a romance, take action, and are more than just pretty and kind (if pretty and/or kind at all).
Damsel in Distress?
Posted in Female Characters, Trends & Stereotypes, tagged damsel in distress, fairy tales, female characters, stereotypes on February 26, 2012| 9 Comments »
Image belongs to Disney
I think it’s safe to say we all have heard the term “damsel in distress” at some point. The term is thrown around all the time and if you’ve read any of my blogs focusing on fiction, you’ll have bumped into it more than once. This character was such a damsel in distress, that character was great because she was so much more than a damsel-in-distress, etc. But what makes a character a damsel in distress? While I was throwing it around so much I realized it’s not always clear to people. On its most basic level, it simple stands for a woman in trouble, but where is the line between an overworked and harmful stereotype and a capable female character who is simply human and needs help every once and awhile? Characters I deem a damsel in distress are, more often than not, much more capable than older, classic damsels in distress like Sleeping Beauty and Snow White who have become the face of the term.
So, let’s start the discussion. We’ll begin by saying a female character has been kidnapped in some story we’re reading. Here are the big questions I ask myself to decide whether she’s a damsel in distress or a fallible human in need of assistance;
1. What is her role outside of this rescue? Is she dynamic in the story or stationary?
Images belong to Nintendo
If a female character exists within the plot as only an object of desire, a prize to be won, and/or does not play an active part in the plot, there’s a major problem. These are the characters that stand on the side lines while stuff happens and others take action. Sometimes, this type is around in the story just to make a male character look good. This obviously applies to some of the worst examples of female characters like those from fairy tales, but many modern works of fiction also sport such types. Look at movies like the Spider-Man trilogy with female characters like Mary Jane who play the hero’s love interest and damsel in distress. While she is a character that was originally created in the 60’s, even in these movies made in the 200o’s Mary Jane remained in this limited role. I’ve also noticed a number of modern female characters that start of capable often have their roles decreased over the course of a story and are reduced into damsels in distress. This doesn’t apply to all damsels in distress, but certainly can.
2. Does she need help or does she need rescuing (saving)?
Image belongs to Nintendo
There is no problem with a female character needing help nor does it matter if she receives help from a man or another woman. The distinction between needing help and needing rescue lies here; if a female character’s time of crisis become a means to a male character’s glory a.k.a., the hero is rewarded with a girl, glory, or some prize for his valiant efforts, it’s a rescue. The rescue is often dwelled upon and the male rescuer showered with praise. Rescues emphasize the female character’s helplessness in an effort to make the male rescuer look that much more heroic for saving her from a dire situation.
There you go! The two big questions. If you’re still unclear after this (or just for fun), daydream a little and try switching roles–imagine the female in question as a male and the rescuer as female–to test whether the character in question is reasonable or a damsel in distress. Since we’re so used to seeing male characters in trouble who receive help (not rescue) it should be easy to see which situations are overblown and which are between equals.
It’s very easy to look back on the past and see the stereotypes that existed–heck, it’s like spotting a firework shot off in the middle of the night out in the country. However, it can be challenging at times to spot newer, more subtle renditions. After protest and complaints, societies tone down these stereotypes, but these issues don’t just disappear over night. So, analyze fiction and see if you can spot these underlining characteristics of a damsel in distress in some modern female characters.
Temari: showing us what a girl from shonen manga can do
Posted in Anime, Female Characters, Manga, tagged female characters, feminism, Naruto, Sakura, shonen, Temari, Tsunade on October 22, 2011| 8 Comments »
Warning! Some minor spoilers for volumes 5-24 of Naruto!
Well, I’ve already blabbed about Tsunade and Sakura and how they unfortunately fall into some female character pit traps so, I thought it was about time I wrote something positive about the women/girls of Naruto. I don’t know about the rest of you Naruto fans, but when I think of the girls/women of Naruto I think Sakura, Hinata, Tsunade, and maybe Ino. But as I was writing last week, a character that I really never fully appreciated popped into my head: Temari. Remember her, the tough girl from the Hidden Sand Village that tags along with Gaara? She may not be the star of the female characters of Naruto, but she might just be one of the best representations in Naruto of what a good female character in shonen (boys’) manga looks like.
Art by Masashi Kishimoto
When Temari first hits the scene just before the start of a large-scale ninja exam called the Chunin Exams, by mere virtue of the fact that the group that she’s with is intimidating, she becomes a bit scary herself, but she fades into the background in the presence of her comrades (and brothers), Gaara and Kankuro. Kankuro comes off as the tough, scary guy who you don’t want to mess with only to be swiftly upstaged by the seriously blood-chilling Gaara. Temari, on the other hand, stands by coolly, occasionally offering her brothers warnings or plays referee. While her brothers do overshadow her in the beginning, her sit-back-and-bide-her-time attitude makes her look like the most stable of the three in comparison; Kankuro picks a pointless fight with a kid and Gaara ends up looking psychopathic. Temari’s rational and cool behavior also pays testament to what readers later see are some of her major strengths. Her first appearance also shows her as the fountain of knowledge that many shonen girls seem to be and she does do a little batting of the eyes at Sasuke, but she shows a bite to her character that sets her apart from characters like Sakura.
Temari really doesn’t get a chance to show off her skills until the later parts of the Chunin Exam arc. Readers get a hint of her strength when she easily defeats her opponent in a match that decides who goes on to the finals, making her the only girl to advance, but it is not until the actual finals that Temari gets to show readers what she’s made of. When she finally does, it’s an exciting match between her and the hidden genius strategist of Naruto’s friends, Shikamaru. I loved this match-up for two reasons: 1) It’s a match between a girl and a guy. Too often do story writers of all medias restrict women to go up against women and men to go up against men. No, it doesn’t always happen, but it’s common enough that I find the former scenario more unusual. 2) By pitting Temari against such a brilliant mind, it shows off her strategical skills as well. Despite Shikamaru’s muttering about how a guy can’t lose to a girl and a guy can’t go around hitting a girl, it ends up being an interesting match between two very keen characters.
Art by Masashi Kishimoto/Translation by Mangareader.net
I want to stop here and bring up something up about Temari’s character: her ruthlessness. As Temari establishes herself, she comes off as tough and even ruthless toward many of the other characters. When I first read through the Chunin Exam arc of Naruto I wasn’t a fan of Temari’s because of that; however, looking at it now I actually like this aspect of her character. Temari has lived in a tough environment and, when all this is taking place in the story, she’s in the middle of a tough situation and Naruto and his friends are her enemies. (It would be strange to say the least if she had frolicked around, giggling and making friends with everyone.) Temari is certainly not the only female character that takes on an antagonist role, but she’s the only one that returns as an ally to use her powers alongside Naruto and the bunch. This allows readers to see her toughness as an asset. Yet she isn’t one of those female characters we’re seeing more of in fiction where they end up feeling like the Terminator (aka a male stereotype) in a women’s body. She’s tough, but she’s also definitely a woman.
The other wonderful thing about Temari is she is the only girl so far to have successfully protected a guy in Naruto. Thank you, Temari! Because, seriously, if these girls are supposed to be comrades shouldn’t they be able to aid a comrade?
Interestingly enough, she comes to the aid of none other than Shikamaru who can’t help but make some remark about men and women. Temari has a few words to say on that matter as seen in the picture below.
Honestly, after I thought about it, how could Temari not join the ranks of my favorite shonen manga female characters? She stands on her own, undefined by the male characters around her, and doesn’t fall into any female character pit traps (if you want to know about some of those, check out my posts on Tsunade and Sakura.) She’s not the star of the show, but in the limited times she has appeared, Temari has managed to make a definitive mark amongst her fellow female characters.
Ah, Sakura, how you tease!
Posted in Anime, Female Characters, Manga, Trends & Stereotypes, tagged female characters, feminism, Ino, Naruto, Sakura Haruno, sexism, shonen, stereotypes on October 14, 2011| 10 Comments »
Warning!! Some minor spoilers for Naruto!
Naruto, Sasuke, and Sakura. Three names that are highly popular in the manga/anime community. These are the names of three characters from the ever popular series, Naruto. Naruto, the protagonist of the series starts off the oddball kid striving to gain acknowledgment, Sasuke begins as the cool and handsome type who excels at anything he tries, but has a certain darkness about him, and finally, Sakura…well, she likes Sasuke. Harsh, yes, but this is honestly the first thing we, as readers of the manga or viewers of the anime, know about Sakura. Well, that and that Naruto has a crush on her (even though Sakura wouldn’t give Naruto the time of day in the beginning).
But Sakura actually has a lot of potential. Similar to Hermione from Harry Potter, she is the brainiac of the bunch and she’s eager to let you know it, comprehending some concepts before even genius Sasuke figures it out completely. And while she doesn’t have the brute strength or any special skills (initially) like the guys, Sakura has good control over some of the finer, technical points of ninja training like chakra (a type of energy) control. (For those of you unfamiliar with the story, it takes place in a fantasy world filled with modern ninja.) Sakura teaches Naruto and Sasuke a few things, here and there.
Despite this, Sakura sits on standby through much of the first several volumes of manga. There are a few moments of glory (Sakura showing up both Naruto and Sasuke at training then essentially teaching them how she did it being the best one), but mostly, she gawks over Sasuke, snaps at Naruto, participates in some dialogues, and stands on the sidelines.
Sakura isn’t stupid though, as I’ve said. She knows she’s the weakest link and that Naruto and Sasuke end up being the heroes while she does practically nothing comparatively. She’s just along for the ride. In an almost palpable wave of depression, this dawns of Sakura accompanied by symbolic pictures of her watching the backs of her two comrades. Luckily, Sakura isn’t the type to wallow in despair and do nothing to change the situation. She decides to change; no more looking at Naruto and Sasuke’s backs, she’s going to walk beside them from now on and be a real asset!
Art by Masashi Kishimoto/ Translation by Mangareader.net
Finally, after sitting around uncomfortably for so long, her feet tingling with sleep, she moves somewhat awkwardly at first, but then with new-found energy that bursts forth spectacularly. Following these awakenings are beautiful times for Sakura, her real shining moments and the Chunin Exam arc of the Naruto series showcase a number of them. Protecting Naruto and Sasuke in a moment of crisis and taking on an opponet in a heated brawl of brains and brawns is one example. But while these moments are full of Sakura asserting herself, realizing new potentials, and allowing the readers to get to know her better, they are undermined ever so slightly for me. I say that because even though Sakura tries to protect Naruto and Sasuke (and it is truly intense), she ends up being protected. By the end of the Chunin Exam arc, Sakura is forced to play the damsel in distress more than ever before when she’s under the threat of being killed by another young ninja if Sasuke and Naruto don’t beat him. This kind of sequence of events (gaining power, playing a key part, but reverting back to leaving everything to her comrades) has repeated itself at least twice since the second part of the series began. It’s disappointing as a fan, watching her make a breakthrough, but having this remade Sakura yanked away just when I was getting excited.
The other thing that always disappoints me about the Naruto series is that, despite showcasing many times the power of friendship, friendships between females are unfortunately lacking. Sakura’s one female friend that is depicted is her rival in both love and profession and the two constantly fight. It seems their chosen greeting for each other is Ino (the friend) making some jab about Sakura’s forehead (because Sakura believes she has a large one) and Sakura calling Ino a pig. It is revealed that once Ino and Sakura were close friends, but when they realized they both liked the same boy (Sasuke), they changed to rivals. Now as a reader and fan of Naruto I understand that being one’s rival is another way of being a friend in the series, something that is discussed often about Naruto and Sasuke’s relationship, but Naruto also has a lot of normal friends who aren’t rivals, but just plain old friends. It would have been good to see friendship between girls instead of the usual jealousy depicted between girls. I think the other problem is main reason why the two became rivals. Fighting over a guy that doesn’t return either of their feelings just seems a little sad. While Naruto is jealous of Sasuke because he has Sakura’s attention, that is not the main reason the two boys are rivals. It’s true, girls can be mean to each other and fight over guys, but it would be nice if good friendships were shown in fiction because, believe it or not, it does happen.
Both of these scenarios undermine great potential that exists and Naruto isn’t the only manga that does this to its female characters. I’m speaking to women and men both when I say wouldn’t it be more interesting if female characters like Sakura could make that extra leap of faith and not depend so much on the male characters around her or if good relationships were shown between girls? If for no other reason, it would be less expected and provide new scenarios. As I wrote this, it occurred to me that another female character in the series, Temari is a good example. She doesn’t appear as often as Sakura and readers don’t get much of a chance to see Temari interacting with other young women, but she stands on equal footing with her male comrades and is not placed in such weakened positions as other female characters in the series. Sounds like I need to do a piece on her!
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Stop the Presses! 5 Wonderfully Nostalgic Printing Presses
The movable type printing press is widely regarded as one of the most important inventions of all time. Once we were able to communicate ideas to large numbers of people, our collective knowledge grew and civilization took a giant leap forward. Johannes Gutenberg couldn’t have foreseen in the 15th century what a huge impact his invention would have on the world for all time. Although today the printed word is an endangered species, printing presses are still some of the most fascinating and beautiful gadgets out there. Above: a fabulously well-preserved Heidelberger printing press from 1960.
These 19th century printing presses are fine examples of the then-still-evolving technology. Gutenberg, a German printer and goldsmith, was inspired by the screw-driven wine presses of his day to create the first printing press. By adding movable type and oil-based ink, his invention made mass production of books possible for the first time ever.
Gutenberg was largely unsuccessful and unrecognized in his lifetime. It was only after he died that the true scope and effect of his invention became apparent. By the middle of the 16th century, some 200 million volumes had been produced by the movable type press. Variations on the design began popping up all over Europe. This steam-powered model introduced by Friedrich Koenig in 1814 once again revolutionized the industry by making the process faster and easier.
This Platen printing press from the late 1930s greatly increased the efficiency of the printing process. It could produce around 3000 impressions per hour, far more than the earlier hand-driven models which could only crank out around 240 impressions per hour.
See more in History of Tech or under Vintage & Retro. May, 2010.
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AV Forum Home Forum Topics In the Headlines
Disney to buy Marvel
News, People and Events, including Awards, Festivals and Tributes
Animated Views Staff
Post by Dan » August 31st, 2009, 3:20 pm
James wrote:
Every article on Disney/Marvel deal: "Disney adds 5,000 new characters to its stable." BUT! They forget to add "..Of which 23 are any good."
That's just the X-Men roster alone.
Joined: October 22nd, 2004
Post by Josh » August 31st, 2009, 3:40 pm
That is pretty funny, James.
Regarding its deal with Marvel, Paramount has released an interesting statement. Some folks today have been wondering what will be the fifth, and final, film in Paramount's lineup. Looks like it's going to be Iron Man 3.
Animated Views Admin
Post by Ben » August 31st, 2009, 4:27 pm
George: you, teaching, sucking, eggs, me... get ma drift?
Of course I <I>know</I> Stan Lee co-created many of the Marvels...sometimes I wonder if my posts are secretly re-written by aliens as my points occasionally seem to get lost.
I even pointed out that Lee was a creator for Marvel in my post!
Since his involvement with Disney hasn't yielded any major results, this is why they're buying. As to why they didn't buy before...why would they? What was Marvel back in the 1980s if nothing but an animation licensee, of which Disney arguably had the better characters and the potential to introduce more? Why didn't they buy in the 1990s? Again, Marvel wasn't really worth picking up until the blockbuster movies started flowing in the 2000s.
That's the one and only reason Disney has bought now...and it's doing so before Marvel stock gets even more expensive what with all the Avengers movies and spin-offs about to explode.
As I said at the top of my reply, Disney has never gotten a hook on superheroes...now they arguably have access to some of the greatest of them all. And, yes, you can say maybe only 50 have any widespread recognition factor in the 5000 characters they just picked up...but it's those 50 or so that will bring in the all-important boys audiences that Disney has routinely failed to ever get a complete grip on. I think I even made the Warner/DC and Disney/Marvel comparison too!
Now Disney have got girls, boys and all kinds of geeks covered. And how!
OriginalGagBonkers
Joined: March 5th, 2009
Contact OriginalGagBonkers
Post by OriginalGagBonkers » August 31st, 2009, 6:16 pm
Okay I am mixed about this, but also worried since I am into Marvel comics. Although my friends think a fully-animated movie of howard the duck might happen now. But personally I am most concerned about the marvel characters being tone down. If a howard movie happens I just hope it stays true to the comics and I hope Disney knows what they are doing. My brother thinks this is A VERY big mistake.
Post by GeorgeC » August 31st, 2009, 7:29 pm
Lord Akiyama wrote: That's just the X-Men roster alone.
How many Marvel Comics have you read?
The iconic Marvel characters for the most part aren't mutants ==> Captain America, Spider-Man, The Incredible Hulk, The Fantastic Four, and The Avengers (Thor, Iron Man, Captain America, The Vision, Scarlet Witch, Wasp, Ant Man/Goliath/Yellow Jacket).
X-Men are relatively new to popularity and iconic status. (The iconic X-Men team isn't even the current one... It's the team that was in place back when Chris Clarement and John Byrne were collaborators on the original X-Men comic.) That comic, contrary to popular belief, wasn't a hit until the mid-1980s. Their movies and animated shows aren't even that good of adaptations. Iron Man and Spider-Man have had far better live-action adaptations than the X-Men or Fantastic Four for that matter... I certainly saw the film budget spent better in Iron Man and the Spider-Man films than I did with either X-Men or FF. The latter two film series looked like movies of the week produced for TV!
Marvel still has a huge universe and there are a lot more characters than just the X-Men. A lot more than the so-called 23 that are "the only filmable ones." There are plenty of characters lying fallow since the 1970s and before that would be the basis for great films with the right creative talent involved. What is limiting is if somebody in charge of decision-making at either Marvel or Disney decides that "only 23" are worth filming. Certainly makes that $4 billion wasteful if you're considering a publication history of over 5,000 characters. Why not have just outright bought or licensed only 23 characters then?
Heck, both Marvel and DC Comics have far more than "just superheroes." There are Western characters, science fiction, and horror comic characters that might be worth exploring in film. Marvel had a very good run of Dracula comics in the 1970s that introduced a lot more characters than just Blade alone... The problem is the mentality of fans, editors, and creators that think only certain characters are worth creating books and films around.
Ben, we're going to continue to have arguments on and off but I hope we can still respect each other.
But please don't tell me Pixar or Marvel Entertainment are worth $4 billion... I think the only reason that costs get mentioned half the time in media is to impress people with the buying power of a corporation. It's a part of PR that I stopped caring about years ago. However, if I were a stockholder I would be very concerned about how the Disney Board is spending company money when there are continuing safety issues with the parks and parental concerns about the behavior of certain Disney Channel stars in public -- especially the ones that little kids role-model after...
I still think Disney overspent to acquire Marvel. Like anything else in movies, superheroes are a fad. This genre will eventually peter out not for lack of characters but for lack of new ways of executing ideas and quality storytelling.
Obviously, most of the pundits and fans (like me) were wrong when we thought the superhero film fad was over with Spider-Man 3. (That film, as bad as it was, still made money. More than the other two at box office in fact...) Iron Man (the movie) sure proved us wrong!
My other concern still remains -- and I think it's well-founded -- with the continued growth of these conglomerates. It has not been good for the exchange of ideas and promulgation of new filmmakers...
Comics creators respond to the Disney/Marvel merger ---
http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page ... e&id=22765
Kurt Busiek and Dan Vado probably have the most balanced views... They're certainly more in line with my thinking. Things won't change right away, but 5, 10 years from now---? Who knows?
Joined: May 28th, 2009
Contact estefan
Post by estefan » August 31st, 2009, 8:00 pm
OriginalGagBonkers: I would support a Howard the Duck animated series, actually.
Reuters has Stan Lee's take on the Disney acquisition of Marvel.
Stan Lee said, not wrote: To me, becoming 'Disneyfied' is not a bad thing. I mean look at (Disney) movies like Pirates of the Caribbean. Disney knows how to do movies. They know how to do colorful characters and I think the fans, if they think about it, they're going to love it.
estefan wrote: OriginalGagBonkers: I would support a Howard the Duck animated series, actually.
To do that, Disney would have to create a new mature label or revive Touchstone Pictures (which seems more sensible).
(Howard is not exactly family-friendly and definitely no Donald Duck.)
This is something Disney should have done years ago. So far, the only (partly) animated feature released under the Touchstone label was Who Framed Roger Rabbit (which definitely qualified for the label because of a few scenes in questionable taste).
Miramax, also a division of Disney, also released The Cobbler and the Thief and Princess Mononoke (the first Studio Ghibli film marketed by Disney) under its labels, too.
They'd have to clearly distance that from WDFA since Disney still means "family-friendly" to most people.
Of course, with teenage stars doing pole dances at music events and some other misbehavior you kind of wonder how Disney is handling the distinction between family friendly and adult now. It's been an issue with Disney for a while now, and NOT just with her...
There's tension between the Disney traditionalists and people who want something more daring and challenging -- which is not necessarily the same thing as "adult". It's generally been a PR and box office disaster for Disney when they've ventured too far into the latter territory. No Disneyphile in their right mind wants to hear F-bombs and see explicit adult situations on something clearly marked "Disney".
Post by James » August 31st, 2009, 11:10 pm
Coming soon to your favorite Marvel retailer?
click to reveal content
Post by Dan » August 31st, 2009, 11:32 pm
GeorgeC wrote: How many Marvel Comics have you read?
I was being sarcastic, George. I am well aware of the roster of characters in Marvel and that a good chuck of them are not mutants. Although Scarlet Witch is, being Magneto's daughter and all that.
Post by James » September 1st, 2009, 12:14 am
Lots of good coverage here
http://www.newsarama.com/
Location: Missouri, US
Contact Sunday
Post by Sunday » September 1st, 2009, 12:49 am
If anything, this bodes well for the next installment in the Kingdom Hearts series.
Post by GeorgeC » September 1st, 2009, 1:27 am
Lord Akiyama wrote: I was being sarcastic, George. I am well aware of the roster of characters in Marvel and that a good chuck of them are not mutants. Although Scarlet Witch is, being Magneto's daughter and all that.
Ee gotcha!
Sarcasm just doesn't translate well in posts. Very hard to read. (That's why I usually tell people when I'm being sarcastic.)
Seriously though -- any think a decent film couldn't be made based on Deathlok, the Inhumans, or any number of science fiction characters in the Marvel stable?
The Tomb of Dracula series published in the 1970s would also be a great source of material for a new cinematic take on Dracula. There was an anime feature based on that material that aired on Japanese TV and was translated into English by Harmony Gold. The VHS tape is long out of print, though. I've also heard stories that it wasn't a very good film.
A fresh take by someone raised in the US (mangling doesn't occur just in English-speaking film) could be a fresh shot in the arm for that material.
Dracula's a well-known name around the world... and vampires are on something of a rebirth in popularity in pop culture right now...
Post by estefan » September 1st, 2009, 8:15 am
GeorgeC wrote: So far, the only (partly) animated feature released under the Touchstone label was Who Framed Roger Rabbit (which definitely qualified for the label because of a few scenes in questionable taste).
The Nightmare Before Christmas was released under Touchstone, too.
Anyway, ABC is currently showing Mike Judge's newest series in in their prime-time line-up, so Howard the Duck should have an appropriate place there.
Or they could go the Ace Ventura: Pet Detective route by greatly toning down the content for an animated series for Saturday morning consumption. Lord knows even that would be better than every new show being featured on the Disney Channel right now.
Dacey
Joined: February 8th, 2005
Location: The US of A
Post by Dacey » September 1st, 2009, 9:20 am
Somehow I don't think that this is a coincidence:
http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=58594
Unless I'm mistaken, it would seem that Fox is doing this to keep Disney from getting the rights to the characters. Or am I mistaken when I assume that?
"Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, but today is a gift--that is why it's called the present."
Return to “In the Headlines”
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10 Conspiracy Theories About the JFK Assassination
The Military-Industrial Complex
The film "JFK" posited that the men with the umbrella and the radio are giving the signal to Kennedy’s shooter(s). In 1978, a man came forward claiming to be "Umbrella Man" and said he only used the umbrella to heckle Kennedy. Pascal Le Segretain/Sygma/Corbis
This is a scenario that's resonated among conspiracy buffs since 1991, after director Oliver Stone made it the premise of his box-office smash "JFK" [source: Canby].We like to think of the slain president as a noble, wise leader, one who would have realized that the burgeoning American involvement in Vietnam's civil war was a potential disaster in the making, and who would have decided to cut his losses early.
Such a decision likely would have irked the dreaded military-industrial complex, the alliance of Pentagon officials and defense contractors that Kennedy's predecessor Dwight Eisenhower had warned Americans about in his farewell speech in 1961. Eisenhower felt that these contractors were gaining enormous influence over what the armed forces spent on weaponry [source: NPR].
So, is it possible that forces inside the military-industrial complex could have arranged the murder of an uncooperative commander in chief? One big problem with the theory is that there's no conclusive proof that JFK actually contemplated preempting the Vietnam War. To the contrary, in a 1964 oral history interview, then-Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy — who himself would be assassinated in 1968 — said that his brother was convinced the U.S. had to remain in Vietnam to challenge the spread of communism [source: Grier].
Project MKUltra: When the CIA Tested LSD on Unsuspecting Americans
7 Beautiful Facts About Aphrodite
Why Arkansas Is Never Pronounced 'Ar-Kansas'
Who Is the Sandman?
Quiz: How Did States Get Their Names?
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Commemoration of the Pontiff St. James of Nisibis, hermit St. Maruge and Bishop St. Melitus
Fourth Sunday of Advent December 13, 2015
Pontiff St. James of Nisibis is one of the authoritative and beloved saints of the Universal Church. He has deserved the epithet “Thaumaturge” (Wonderworker) for the numerous miracles relating to his name. According to hagiographical sources St. James was from a Parthian dynasty and the nephew of St. Gregory the Illuminator. When the family members of Anak the Parthian were killed nurses secretly fled to Caesaria taking with them baby Suren and James where they were educated in Christian spirit. Soon baby James and his sister were taken to Persia and for a while lived in the royal palace. . However, James refused to live a safe and well-to-do life and became a hermit. He left for Nisibis where he met hermit St. Maruge, who was famous for leading a life befitting saints. Learning from the hermit Maruge that many people despite their conversion to true faith were skeptic and suspicious about the existence of Noah’s Ark. James decided to climb the mount Ararat in order to see the Ark and bring a piece of it. Despite his inflexible will-power he couldn’t reach the peak and after long sufferings he had a short nap. The angel visited him in his dream and put a piece of the Ark under his head. According to the tradition in the place where St. James had lain down appeared a cold stream having healing and miraculous qualities. In the future a church bearing the saint’s name was built nearby the stream. The piece of the Ark is up to date kept in the museum of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin. He was one of the clergymen participating in the Nicene Council in 325. After the death of the Bishop of Nisibis God appeared to Maruge and told him that St. James was the deserving candidate for the Bishop of Nisibis. St. James passed away in 350, after leading the flock for a long time.
Bishop St. Mielitus was born in Melitene, Armenia Minor. In 358 he was the Bishop of Sebastia. In 360 he ascended the throne of Antioch. He struggled against the Arians. In 381 he presided in the Second Ecumenical Council convened in Constantinople but unfortunately passed away before the end of the Council.
Hebrews 1: 1-14 (page 196) New Testament
Luke 17: 1-10 (page 73) New Testament – (Please follow the Armenian Reading in your Bible)
ANNA PETROSOVA requested by Ashot and Aida Petrosyan and Family on the 40th day of Her eternal sleep.
PRAYERS REQUESTED: From the Book of James, we are taught that “the prayer of a righteous person is powerful and effective.” Therefore, as you pray for your own family, we ask that you keep members of our Holy Trinity family in your prayers as well. Continue to pray specifically for those who are ill. Pray especially for the various ministries within our church and their leaders: our Church School, our faith-based programs, our youth. And mostly pray that Jesus Christ is a Living Presence in each and every person in our church community. You may also advise the church office if you would like to include anyone by name in this column so that we may, as a church family, pray for them.
FELLOWSHIP HOUR: is sponsored today by Ashot and Aida Petrosyan and Family in loving memory of ANNA PETROSOVA. All are welcome.
FELLOWSHIP HOUR: You are invited, long time parishioners, new members, and first time visitors, please join us after Badarak in our lovely hall for Christian fellowship, enjoy a cup of coffee or tea, and greet fellow parishioners and Der Hayr. The coffee hour begins when Der Hayr blesses the table. There are containers available to deposit your trash before leaving the hall. We appreciate your patience, cooperation, and support. Thank you.
REMINDER: According to the Diocesan Bylaws, membership dues are to be paid no later than December 31st each year in order to be a member in “good standing” and to be eligible to vote at the annual assembly. Any monies received after that date will be applied to the new year. For any questions regarding your status, please call the church office.
Save the Date: of Sunday December 20th for breakfast and a visit by Santa in the hall. Adults are $7.00; children (5-10) $3.00 and church school students are free. Reservations are a MUST by 12/13/15. Questions call Merle Santerian at 215-947-3777. Everyone is welcome!
ACYOA Juniors: Fundraiser to support activities-December 13th pre- order forms will be in the lobby with pick up on December 20th. You may also purchase a poinsettia on December 20th.
Thank you for your past and future support!
ACYOA Juniors: December food drive- Please support the ACYOA juniors food drive to collect non perishable food items for the local food bank. Simply bring your items to the church lobby and place them in the box marked ACYOA JR FOOD DRIVE on December 20th. Thank you for your support!
THE LEGACY PROJECT – On sale now is the “From Horror to Hope” book and DVD that were produced by the joint effort of all five Philadelphia Armenian Churches for the 100th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide. The book is a compilation of reflections about our survivors; and the DVD tells the story of how the Philadelphia came to be, including commentary by Richard G. Hovannisian, the world’s foremost scholar on Modern Armenian History. The book is now available at a cost $30; the DVD purchased with the book is $10; purchased alone, the cost is $15. These two items make an excellent Christmas gift and are a necessary addition to any library for the benefit of future generations. For further information, contact Meredith Hanamirian, meredithpeg@aol.com
The youth committee: of St. Sahag & St. Mesrob Church is seeking to hire a part time youth director if you know of anybody who is interested please have them contact the youth committee at: Stsahagyouthcommittee@gmail.com
Sunday December 13th: ACYOA Poinsettia Sale and Food drive
Sunday December 20th: Breakfast with Santa, School Pageant & ACYOA Poinsettia Sale & pick up and food drive
NEW IN THE BOOKSTORE—Great gifts for kids!
The Pesky Bird by Marianne Markarian. Mariam loves to climb trees, but she is forbidden to do so now that she has come of age. It’s a temptation that is hard to resist, and she soon finds herself caught in a sticky situation. Children will laugh out loud at the clever way Mariam solves her problem. Set in a small Armenian village in the early 1900s, the book captures the countryside life of the Armenian people. The winner of the Best Juvenile Fiction Award at the 2003 Santa Barbara Writer’s Conference, The Pesky Bird also includes a recipe for Armenian lavosh bread! Hardcover, 32 pages, $16.00 Mariam’s Easter Parade by Marianne Markarian. This is a children’s picture book that shares Armenian Easter traditions. It’s a light-hearted story of a young girl who might be too small to help with the Easter preparations, but she is clever enough to figure out a way to make her own special celebration! Learn how to dye Armenian Easter eggs and play the egg-fighting game. Using her grandmother’s life in “the old country” as inspiration, Markarian has crafted a story that displays with cultural accuracy how Armenians in the Ottoman Empire celebrated Easter. Hardcover, 26 pages, $16.00
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We value authenticity and fresh ideas. From the submissions process where we choose our projects right down to the crafting of each finished book, we aim to produce an experience that will enrich the lives of our readers.
We greatly value the wild and invest in environmental conservation. Our books are printed on paper with chain of custody certification from the Forest Stewardship Council, Sustainable Forestry Initiative, and the Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification.
Small Press, Big Ideas
We are a small press with big ideas set on publishing substance over flash. We routinely work with authors who don’t fit neatly into the corporate publishing model, giving a voice to the countless independent thinkers currently neglected by the mainstream media.
We have a strong sense of community. Over the years, we’ve donated to and worked with countless charities from the ACLU, to OXFAM, to the Make a Wish Foundation, to the Appalachian Trail Conservancy, the Edible Schoolyard and more.
Founded in a small fishing village in Connecticut in 2011 by Leslie M. Browning, Homebound Publications has grown into one of the premier independent publishers in the country. Collectively through our imprints, we publish twenty books each year, we have over one hundred titles in our library.
Over the years, our authors have received dozens of awards, including, Foreword Reviews’ Book of the Year, the Nautilus Book Award, Benjamin Franklin Book Awards, Saltire Literary Awards and more.
We are a small press with big ideas. As an independent publisher, we strive to ensure that the mainstream is not the only stream. It is our intention to preserve contemplative storytelling. We publish full-length introspective works of creative non-fiction, literary fiction, and poetry. In all our titles, our hope to introduce new perspectives that will directly aid humankind in the trials we face at present as a global village and enrich the lives of our readers.
Making the Leap from Small Press to Indie Powerhouse.
by Founder, Leslie M. Browning
At the age of 27, I was offered every writer’s dream: a book deal (and not just a one-book contract but five-book.) I enthusiastically signed and went from scribbler to author, only to be quickly disillusioned by the entire process. The manuscript I had worked on for so long was taken from me, it was changed significantly from its original vision—it wasn’t edited, a horrendous cover was slapped on it, the interior design was childish, and I was marketed on a platform that went against everything in which I believe. It was at that point that the five-book deal was re-negotiated into a two or three-book deal so that I could break from the “publisher” sooner. At the same time I was going through this ordeal, I got a job at an independent poetry press in Boston and started learning the ins-and-outs of publishing, and began to ponder opening my own house wherein I could operate as I felt a publisher should: with integrity and transparency.
In 2011, with under $600.00 to my name, I opened Homebound Publications. I left a teaching position where I had a steady income and health insurance to open the publishing house in the middle of a recession, at a point in time in the industry where everyone was convinced print was going to be extinct and e-readers would be king.
That first year we did four titles—two of which were new editions of my own books that I had fought to regain the rights to from the former publisher. That year, we cleared under $5,000 but our reputation was buzzing among authors. We offered higher-than-average royalties, consulted authors during the editorial and design phase, and worked to market all our titles. The four titles we did that first year went on to win respected indie awards so we knew we were doing something right even if things weren’t exactly high-grossing. We continued on like that for a number of years. Putting out 15-20 solid titles each year but never reaching that sustainable income figure. Something had to change.
In 2017, we celebrated our 6th anniversary and I had to once again get in touch with the entrepreneurial bravery with which I founded the company—with which any indie author puts forth their work into the world. I needed to renew that bravery because it was time to take a huge leap. . . .
This is not to say we weren’t “successful” as a publishing house. Homebound Publications did well. We have nearly 100 titles in print, a healthy backlist, four divisions, and our titles routinely gather indie awards. Yet it was clear to me that we were rapidly reaching the cap of what we could do. I knew that we were root-bound in our current model. The answer: The press needed better distribution.
Distribution is the linchpin of the publishing endeavor and we were falling short. It is all well and good to publish stellar titles but if no one knows about them then what is the point?
I negotiated the distribution deal for six months (paring down the risk where I could) and approaching investors to help gather the money we would need in order to make the transition from print-on-demand to the short-runs model required to stock the warehouses of distributors. Even when everything was in place, I was still uneasy because I didn’t want to risk this house that I’d so painstakingly built.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer writes of success and failure saying, “Both are proud and terrifying.” Well, that was where I was at: proud to have reached this point of success and terrified at the thought of everything getting bigger—the deals, the money, the returns, the risk . . . In the end though, I tried to remember the entrepreneurial bravery with which I founded the press; I tried to remember all that I had learned from my years in business and trust in my ability to handle issues as they come up and learn from mistakes; I measured the risk and only signed the deal when it was feasible to do so (all the while keenly aware that even the safest deal has risks). In the end, I picked up the pen and inked the deal.
In this landmark agreement, Homebound Publications has achieved global distribution of its entire library through the well-respected company of Midpoint Trade Books, now a division of the largest indie distributor IPG. Now retailers can order our titles with ease through their preferred source—including industry leaders Ingram and Baker & Taylor—for the terms they expect. Throughout the way—from our humble roots with that $600 to now when our burgeoning press boasts over 100 titles—everything is made possible by the courage to believe in your vision and the people around you who protect your and aid you while you strive to bring that dream to fruition. Homebound Publications is more than a company I founded; it is a family I treasure.
Books Sold
The Board of Advisors
Leslie M. Browning
Founder and Board Chair
L.M. Browning is a the Founder of Homebound Publications and its divisions, in addition she is a TEDx Talker and an award-winning author of twelve books. In her writing, Browning explores the confluence of the natural landscape and the interior landscape. She has freelanced for several publications and has a biannual interview column in The Wayfarer magazine in which she has interviewed dozens of notable creative figures such as Academy Award-Nominated filmmaker Tomm Moore, Peabody-winning host of On Being Krista Tippett, and the Standing Rock Water Protectors. Balancing her passion for writing with her love of learning, Browning is a graduate of the University of London, a Fellow with the International League of Conservation Writers and sits on the Board of the Independent Book Publishers Association. In 2011, she opened Homebound Publications. She is currently working to complete a degree at Harvard University’s Extension School in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Jason Kirkey
Jason Kirkey is an author, poet, and the founder of Hiraeth Press. He grew up in the Ipswich River-North Atlantic Coast watershed of Massachusetts. With a background in both environmental philosophy and conservation biology, Jason’s work is focused on rewilding the human heart and mind. He has written four volumes of poetry, including Estuaries, and a nonfiction book, The Salmon in the Spring. Jason is currently at work on his second nonfiction book and a novel.
Gail Collins-Ranadive
Author and Eco-Activist
Gail Collins-Ranadive, MA, MFA, MDiv, is a retired Unitarian Universalist minister, a former nurse, a licensed private pilot, and a workshop facilitator. Author of seven non-fiction books, including two for children and two Homebound titles, she writes the environmental column for The Wayfarer. An Easterner by birth and a Westerner in spirit, she and her partner winter at her home in Las Vegas and summer at his in Denver. Gail is the mother of two and the grandmother of five.
J.K.McDowell
Artist and Poet
J. K. McDowell is a poet, an artist and a mystic celebrating the creative spirit. His poetry collection “Night, Mystery & Light” is published by Hiraeth Press. An expatriate Ohioan, welcomed into the arms of Acadie, McDowell lives 20 miles north of the Gulf of Mexico with his soul mate who also happens to be his wife and their two beautiful companion parrots. McDowell’s poems and essays have appeared in The Wayfarer published by Homebound Publications. McDowell is also an artist and appreciator of art glass.
Theodore Richards
Theodore Richards is the director and founder of The Chicago Wisdom Project, a core faculty member of The Fox Institute, and the author of six books. He is the recipient of numerous literary awards, including two Independent Publisher Awards, The USA Book Award, and the Nautilus Book Award. He lives in Chicago with his wife and daughters.
David K. Leff
David K. Leff is an essayist, Pushcart Prize nominated poet and former deputy commissioner of the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. He is the author of six nonfiction books, three volumes of poetry and a novel in verse. His 2016 book, Canoeing Maine’s Legendary Allagash: Thoreau, Romance and Survival of the Wild won a silver medal in the Nautilus Book Awards for memoir and a silver medal in the Independent Publisher Book Awards for regional nonfiction. In 2016-2017 the National Park Service appointed him poet-in-residence for the New England National Scenic Trail (NET). David’s journals, correspondence, and other papers are archived at the University of Massachusetts Libraries in Amherst.
Eric D. Lehman
Eric D. Lehman teaches creative writing and literature at the University of Bridgeport and his work has been published in dozens of journals and magazines, from Berfrois to Gastronomica. He is the author of twelve books of fiction, history, and travel, including Shadows of Paris, Homegrown Terror, Afoot in Connecticut, The Foundation of Summer, and Becoming Tom Thumb.
Amy Nawrocki is the poetry editor of The Wayfarer and author of five poetry collections, including Four Blue Eggs and Reconnaissance. She is the co-author of A History of Connecticut Food, A History of Connecticut Wine, and Literary Connecticut. She teaches English at the University of Bridgeport and lives in Hamden Connecticut.
Francesca G. Varela
Francesca G. Varela was raised in Oregon’s Willamette Valley. In 2015 she graduated from the University of Oregon with degrees in Environmental Studies and Creative Writing, and she then went on to receive her master’s degree in Environmental Humanities from the University of Utah.
Francesca’s dream of becoming an author began in third grade, and her writing career had an early start; she wrote her award-winning first novel, Call of the Sun Child, when she was only 18 years old, and she wrote her second novel, Listen, when she was only 20.
When not writing or reading, Francesca enjoys playing piano, figure skating, hiking, identifying wild birds, plants, and constellations, and travelling to warm, sunny places whenever she can.
Heidi Barr
Heidi Barr lives in Minnesota with her husband and daughter where they tend a large organic vegetable garden, explore nature and do their best to live simply. As a mother, spouse, gardener, and wellness coach, she is committed to cultivating ways of being that are life-giving and sustainable for people, communities and the planet. Heidi holds a Master’s degree in Faith and Health Ministries, and coordinates with yoga teachers and organic farms to offer nature-based retreat experiences.
Visit her at heidibarr.com
Iris Graville
Iris Graville writes creative nonfiction from her home on Lopez Island, WA. She holds an MFA in writing from the Northwest Institute of Literary Arts and is the publisher of SHARK REEF Literary Magazine. Iris’ first book, Hands at Work, received several accolades, including a Nautilus Book Award. Her memoir, Hiking Naked—A Quaker Woman’s Search for Balance, was a finalist in the 2015 Pacific Northwest Writers Association Literary Contest and is now available wherever books are sold.
A Letter from the Founder
More than a Company, We are a Community
In 2011, I founded Homebound Publications in an effort to bring together a community of like-minded thinkers and see what the dialogue yielded. I gathered my friends and the most insightful colleagues I knew and began. I didn’t know how the house would sustain itself or how anyone would even find our work—I couldn’t answer all the questions of viability from a business standpoint —but I nonetheless felt the need for the space to create and that was enough. In the beginning, I didn’t have any sense of how big the press would grow or how widely our titles would be shared. I simply carved out a space in which others could speak and share those deep thoughts they’d pondered, not because I saw the monetary profits in such an endeavor, but because I could see the benefit to the mind and soul.
I have always been an ardent believer in creative minds requiring a circle of fellows to push them. We’ve seen the prolific flow of ideas that occurs when the right community is gathered together to foster one another, whether it is in the Concord Transcendentalists, the Bloomsbury Group, or the Beat poets out in San Francisco. The discussion, the inspiration, the contemplation, and the community encourages the kind of boundary-pushing, ego destruction, and refinement of beliefs that bring about movements of change in the larger world. The circle I gathered back in 2011 has become bigger than I expected. It is composed of both reader and writer alike.
I think we all find our way through this life with the aid the communities we gather closest to us. In these challenging times, when we all feel strained and lost, I urge you to gather your circle and keep them close. No one person knows the path forward. We chart the way together. I am grateful to you—our readers and contributors—for making the journey with us for the last eight years. I hope you’ll continue with us for many more to come. There is a great deal more to explore and discuss.
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Your donations will be placed towards expanding the number of titles we are able to accept each year, giving a voice to the countless independent thinkers currently neglected by the mainstream media. Following the merger of Random House and Penguin, five media conglomerates control 80% of the books published in the US. Supporting independent publishing has never been more vital!
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An Updated Trial Design for Roche's Huntingtin Lowering Trial
Roche announces an update to the GENERATION HD1 trial after reviewing the ASO open label extension study
By Dr Jeff Carroll March 21, 2019 Edited by Dr Tamara Maiuri
Today we received word about a change to the design of Roche’s ongoing huntingtin lowering trial - known as the GENERATION HD1 study. The update in the trial design is a surprise, but we believe it’s a good thing. What exactly happened?
The Roche approach to huntingtin lowering
Readers of HDBuzz will be very familiar with the concept of huntingtin lowering. The goal of huntingtin lowering therapies is to stop the HD mutation - found in the HD gene - from being used by cells to make the huntingtin protein. You can read more background about huntingtin lowering here.
The goal of huntingtin lowering therapies is to stop the HD mutation - found in the HD gene - from being used by cells to make the huntingtin protein
There are a number of exciting approaches to huntingtin lowering being explored by different companies. So far, two companies are exploring the use of antisense oligonucleotides or ASOs as potential HD treatments. WAVE Life Sciences is conducting two targeted ASO trials, which you can read about here. However, the most advanced ASO trials for HD are being conducted by Roche (also known as Genentech in the US), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals.
We’ve written a lot about Ionis and Roche’s progress with their ASO drug for HD - recently, we were excited when the drug was the first to reduce huntingtin protein levels in the nervous system, which you can read about here. Based on this demonstrated usefulness, Roche announced what’s known as a “pivotal” study of their huntingtin-lowering ASO, which you can read about here.
GENERATION HD1 Study
A pivotal study is one which the sponsor of the trial - usually a pharmaceutical or biotechnology company - hopes will lead to the approval of a drug for use in patients. The goal of these trials is to demonstrate to regulators that a drug is not only safe, but that it improves symptoms that are meaningful to patients.
Roche designed their HD ASO trial, called GENERATION HD1, to study whether treatment with their HD ASO slows the progression of symptoms. It’s a very large study, aiming to enroll 660 HD patients in 80-90 clinics in 15 countries around the world.
All drug trials require that some people in the study receive the new drug, and others receive a dummy treatment, known as a placebo. This is the critical piece of evidence that enables us to be sure that any benefits observed during a trial are due to the drug, and not down to other things that occur to trial participants. For the GENERATION HD1 study, for each 3 participants one will randomly receive placebo and two will receive drug.
In this type of trial, neither the subjects nor the doctors know who is receiving active drug and who is receiving placebo treatment. Hiding who is and isn’t receiving real drug is called blinding. Because of these features, this kind of trial is called a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, and it’s considered the gold standard for how to get a drug approved.
“ It’s important to understand whether less frequent injections could still be beneficial, which is why GENERATION HD1 included an “every other month” group ”
Delivery and Compliance with ASOs
One tricky thing about using ASOs for brain diseases is that they are not able to enter the brain, thanks to a sort of defensive wall our bodies build around our brain called the blood brain barrier. Drugs like ASOs are brilliant at doing their job - lowering Huntingtin - but terrible at getting into the brain. This means that for ASOs to be used in brain diseases, they must be infused into the brain somehow.
That sounds pretty tricky, but neurologists and other doctors routinely access the spinal fluid through very fine needles near the base of the spine. Over the years they’ve learned that they can safely remove some of this fluid to study it, or deliver drugs to the brain and spinal cord by infusing them into this space. The fluid filled spaces in the brain and spinal cord are constantly pushing and mixing this fluid, so drugs injected at the base of the spine can catch a wave up to the brain.
The original plan with the GENERATION HD1 study was to give people injections with their ASO drug on one of two schedules - either once a month, or alternating once every other month. As with the placebo treatment, neither the participants nor their doctor will know whether they’re receiving active drug every month, or only every other month.
While it seems safe to say that HD patients would be happy to get an injection once a month if it slows their HD symptoms, it’s a lot to ask for them and their caregivers to head to the clinic every month for injections. Though we’d all be excited if this drug works, it may also be hard for people to keep up with monthly clinic visits (aka compliance) if the drug is approved. It’s important to understand whether less frequent injections could still be beneficial, which is why GENERATION HD1 included an “every other month” group.
New from the Open Label Extension
Today we received an interesting letter from Roche, with an updated plan for the GENERATION HD1 study. The letter describes some surprising changes to the study, which could sound concerning, but we think are actually really exciting.
Neurologists and other doctors routinely access the spinal fluid through very fine needles near the base of the spine
First, you may recall that Ionis and Roche ran an earlier, smaller, study with this same drug. That was a safety study - designed to determine whether or not giving ASOs via the spinal fluid led to any unexpected bad outcomes. The trial was a success - none of the participants had a bad reaction to the drug or stopped attending their monthly visits for injections and treatments.
At the end of that small safety study, Roche and Ionis made the decision to take all the participants, including those that had been receiving placebo treatments, and start giving them the drug every month. Technically this is called an open-label extension study. Open-label just means that in this type of study, both participants and their physicians know what they’re receiving, which is different than the double-blind study that occurred before.
Assuming a drug is safe, and has a reasonable chance of working, being in an open-label extension study is a nice reward for the brave volunteers who signed up for the first trial of these drugs. It’s also good for the community and the drug company sponsoring the trial, because they get a sort of sneak peak into the long-term effects of treating with the drug.
In their letter today, Roche explained that they’d been treating people in the open label extension either monthly or every other month. The letter goes on to state: Review of nine-month data showed effects on lowering mutant huntingtin protein levels in the cerebral spinal fluid that support the exploration of less frequent dosing. Based on the totality of the data, including safety and tolerability, there appears to be no overall advantage to treatment monthly versus every two months..
Reading between the lines, it seems that Roche have seen results suggesting that lowering of the Huntingtin protein was good enough with 2 months between doses that they feel giving the drug every month might not be necessary. In fact, they’re making changes to the design of the GENERATION HD1 study to see if they can go even longer between treatments, by including a new group treated only every 4 months.
Needing to arrange injections of drug 3 times a year, compared to 12, would make a huge difference if this drug is approved for HD. But regulators are going to require that we demonstrate this is possible, so Roche are modifying the GENERATION HD1 study to include three treatment groups: a placebo group, a group treated every 2 months and another treated every 4 months.
Roche is making changes to the design of the GENERATION HD1 study to see if they can go even longer between treatments, by including a new group treated only every 4 months
So, according to the letter, there will be a brief pause in trial enrollment in the GENERATION HD1 study while the new timeline is approved. The small group of people who already signed up for the study with the original design will be moved into the open label extension study, and the newly designed study will launch quickly.
A very important message here is that there’s no evidence that treatment with this drug has influenced HD symptoms in any patients. All these decisions are based on lab tests suggesting the drug is having its desired effect in the brain (that is, lowering the amount of huntingtin protein), but we still don’t know whether this will be associated with an improvement in HD symptoms in treated patients. To do that, we have to run the full scale GENERATION HD1 trial.
Clearly Roche and their partners didn’t predict that we’d be able to deliver ASOs only every 4 months when they started the GENERATION HD1 study. The fact that they’ve seen data convincing them that we can get away with it is great news for the future of this program, and for future HD community members receiving treatment.
Another benefit of this announcement is that other companies working on ASO treatments for HD can consider using longer intervals between treatments. Success in one HD drug program can have important consequences for other ongoing HD trials.
These rapid advances in huntingtin lowering treatment are starting to come quickly. We can’t predict the future, but we think you should stay tuned over the next year for more exciting updates on developments in huntingtin lowering treatments.
TopicsMore...
open label A trial in which the patient and doctor know what drug is being used. Open label trials are susceptible to bias through placebo effects.
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The Marshall Mathers LP
The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem, released on May 23, 2000 by Aftermath Entertainment and Interscope Records. The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem, along with The 45 King, the Bass Brothers, and Mel-Man. It was recorded over a two-month period in several studios in the Detroit area, and during this time, Eminem felt significant pressure to improve upon the success of his previous record. Released a year after Eminem's breakout album The Slim Shady LP, the album features more introspective lyricism including the rapper's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics. Musically, the album has been associated with the genres of hardcore hip hop and horrorcore.
May 23, 2000 (2000-05-23)
1998 – April 2000
The Mix House
Larrabee Sound
The Record Plant
Interscope
Dr. Dre (also exec.)
Jeff & Mark Bass
Mel-Man
The 45 King
Eminem chronology
(1999) The Marshall Mathers LP
(2000) The Eminem Show
Alternate cover
Singles from The Marshall Mathers LP
"The Real Slim Shady"
"The Way I Am"
Released: September 7, 2000
"Stan"
Released: November 21, 2000
"I'm Back"
Released: April 3, 2001
"Bitch Please II"
The Marshall Mathers LP debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, selling 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone which made it the fastest-selling studio album in the United States at the time.[1] Like The Slim Shady LP, The Marshall Mathers LP was surrounded by significant controversy upon its release. Criticism centered around lyrics that were considered violent, homophobic, and misogynistic. Lynne Cheney criticized the lyrics at a United States Senate hearing, while the Canadian government considered refusing Eminem's entry into the country. Despite the controversy, the record received acclaim from critics, who praised the rapper's lyrical ability and emotional depth. The album won three Grammy Awards at the 43rd Grammy Awards: Best Rap Album, Best Rap Solo Performance for "The Real Slim Shady" and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for "Forget About Dre" (with Dr. Dre). It was also nominated for Album of the Year.
The Marshall Mathers LP has sold over 35 million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling album of the 21st century and one of the best-selling albums of all time. The album is certified 10x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipping 10 million copies in the United States. The album has been named on several lists of the greatest albums of all time. The sequel to the album The Marshall Mathers LP 2 was released in 2013.
Inspired by the disappointment of his debut album, Infinite (1996), Eminem created the alter ego Slim Shady, whom he introduced on the Slim Shady EP (1997).[2] After placing second in the annual Rap Olympics, Eminem was noticed by the staff at Interscope Records and eventually CEO Jimmy Iovine, who played the Slim Shady EP for hip hop producer Dr. Dre.[2] Eminem and Dr. Dre then recorded The Slim Shady LP (1999), which was noted for its over-the-top lyrical depictions of drugs and violence.[2] The Slim Shady LP was a critical and commercial success, debuting at number two on the Billboard 200 chart and selling 283,000 copies in its first week.[3] At the 42nd Grammy Awards in 2000, the record won Best Rap Album, while the album's lead single "My Name Is" won Best Rap Solo Performance.[4]
The Slim Shady LP turned Eminem from an underground rapper into a high-profile celebrity. The rapper, who had previously struggled to provide for his daughter Hailie, noted a drastic change in his lifestyle.[5] In June 1999, he married his girlfriend Kimberly Ann "Kim" Scott, the mother of Hailie, despite the fact that the song "'97 Bonnie & Clyde" from The Slim Shady LP contains references to killing her.[6] The rapper became uncomfortable with the level of fame he had achieved, and said, "I don't trust nobody now because everybody I meet is meeting me as Eminem...I don't know if they are hanging with me 'cause they like me or because I'm a celebrity or because they think they can get something from me."[5] Eminem also became a highly controversial figure due to his lyrical content. He was labeled as "misogynist, a nihilist and an advocate of domestic violence", and in an editorial, Billboard editor in chief Timothy White accused Eminem of "making money by exploiting the world's misery".[2]
Eminem (pictured in 1999) wrote the majority of The Marshall Mathers LP while in the studio.
The Marshall Mathers LP was recorded in a two-month-long "creative binge", which often involved 20-hour-long studio sessions.[7] Eminem hoped to keep publicity down during the recording in order to stay focused on working and figuring out how to "map out" each song.[7] He described himself as a "studio rat" who benefited creatively from the isolated environment of the studio.[8] Much of the album was written spontaneously in the studio; Dr. Dre noted, "We don't wake up at two in the morning, call each other, and say, 'I have an idea. We gotta get to the studio.' We just wait and see what happens when we get there."[9] Eminem observed that much of his favorite material on the album evolved from "fucking around" in the studio; "Marshall Mathers" developed from the rapper watching Jeff Bass casually strumming a guitar, while "Criminal" was based on a piano riff Eminem overheard Bass playing in studio next door.[8] "Kill You" was written when Eminem heard the track playing in the background while talking to Dr. Dre on the phone and developed an interest in using it for a song. He then wrote the lyrics at home and met up with Dr. Dre and the two recorded the song together.[9]
"Kim" was the first song the rapper recorded for the album, shortly after finishing work on The Slim Shady LP in late 1998.[10] Eminem wrote "Kim" at a time in which he and his wife were separated, and he had just watched a romantic movie alone at a theater.[10] Originally intending to write a love song for her while using ecstasy, the rapper hoped to avoid overt sentimentality and thus began writing a song of hate.[11] With the track, the rapper aimed to create a short horror story in the form of a song. Once the couple reconciled, Eminem recalls, "I asked her to tell me what she thought of it. I remember my dumb ass saying, 'I know this is a fucked-up song, but it shows how much I care about you. To even think about you this much. To even put you on a song like this'."[12] The song "Stan" was produced by The 45 King. Eminem's manager, Paul Rosenberg, sent Eminem a tape of the producer's beats, and the second track featured a sample of English singer-songwriter Dido's "Thank You".[13] Upon hearing the song's lyrics, Eminem felt they described an obsessed fan, which became the inspiration for the song. The writing process for "Stan" differed greatly from Eminem's usual strategy, in which song concepts form during the writing: "'Stan' was one of the few songs that I actually sat down and had everything mapped out for. I knew what it was going to be about."[13] Dido later heard "Stan" and enjoyed it, and observed, "I got this letter out of the blue one day. It said, 'We like your album, we've used this track. Hope you don't mind, and hope you like it.' When they sent ['Stan'] to me and I played it in my hotel room, I was like, 'Wow! This track's amazing.'"[14]
The record label speculated that Eminem would be the first artist to sell one million copies in an album's first week of release. These expectations placed a large burden on Eminem, who recalled, "I was scared to death. I wanted to be successful, but before anything, I want respect."[13] After the album was finished, the record label felt that there were no songs that had potential to be a lead single.[13] Feeling pressured, Eminem returned to the studio and wrote "The Way I Am" as his way of saying, "Look, this is the best I can do. I can't give you another 'My Name Is.' I can't just sit in there and make that magic happen."[13] However, after the song was added to the album, Eminem felt the urge to write another song, and gave a hook to Dr. Dre for him to create a beat, and went home to write new lyrics; the song eventually became "The Real Slim Shady".[13] The song also discusses Eminem killing Dr. Dre. The producer stated, "It was funny to me. As long as it's hot, let's roll with it ... in my opinion, the crazier it is the better. Let's have fun with it and excite people."[9]
Dr. Dre (pictured in 2008) produced most of the first half of the album, together with Mel-Man
Considered both a hardcore hip hop album and a horrorcore album,[15][16] much of the album's first half was produced by Dr. Dre and Mel-Man, who employed their typical sparse, stripped-down beats, to put more focus on Eminem's vocals. The background music on the record employs "liquid basslines, stuttering rhythms, slight sound effects, and spacious soundscapes".[17] Bass Brothers and Eminem produced most of the second half, which ranges from the laid-back guitars of "Marshall Mathers" to the atmosphere of "Amityville". The only outside producer on the album was The 45 King, who sampled a verse from Dido's song "Thank You" for "Stan", while adding a slow bass line.
The Marshall Mathers LP contains more autobiographical themes in comparison to The Slim Shady LP.[18] Much of the album is spent addressing his rise to fame and attacking those who criticized his previous album. Other themes include his relationship with his family, including his mother and Kim Mathers, his ex-wife.[19] Unlike Eminem's major-label debut, The Slim Shady LP, The Marshall Mathers LP is more introspective in its lyrics and uses less of the Slim Shady persona, with Stephen Thomas Erlewine writing that the album's lyrics "[blur] the distinction between reality and fiction, humor and horror, satire and documentary".[17] The record showcases a variety of moods, ranging from irreverent and humorous to "dark and unsettling enough to make you want to enlarge the parental warning stickers on the album."[18] According to Neil Strauss of The New York Times, "Eminem never makes it clear which character—Slim Shady or Marshall Mathers—is the mask and which is the real person, because there is no clear-cut answer, except that there's a little bit of each character in all of us."[20]
Most songs cover Eminem's childhood struggles and family issues, involving his mother ("Kill You"), the relationship struggles with his wife ("Kim"), his struggles with his superstardom and expectations ("Stan", "I'm Back", and "Marshall Mathers"), his return and effect on the music industry ("Remember Me?", "Bitch Please II"), his drug use ("Drug Ballad", "The Kids"), his effect on the American youth and society ("The Way I Am", "Who Knew"), and reactionary barbs to critical response of his vulgarity and dark themes ("Criminal").[21] Despite the large amount of controversy regarding the lyrics, the lyrics on the album were overwhelmingly well received among critics and the hip hop community, many praising Eminem's verbal energy and dense rhyme patterns.[15]
The record also contains lyrics that have been considered to be homophobic.[22] The song "Criminal" features the line "My words are like a dagger with a jagged edge/That'll stab you in the head whether you're a fag or les...Hate fags?/The answer's yes".[22] The Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) condemned his lyrics and criticized the album for "encourag[ing] violence against gay men and lesbians".[23] However, writing for the LGBT interest magazine The Advocate, editor Dave White writes, "If he has gay-bashed you or me, then it logically follows that he has also raped his own mother, killed his wife, and murdered his producer, Dr. Dre. If he's to be taken literally, then so is Britney Spears' invitation to 'hit me baby, one more time'."[22] Eminem noted that he began using the word "faggot" more frequently when "people got all up in arms about it...to piss them off worse", but added, "I think it's hard for some people to understand that for me the word 'faggot' has nothing to do with sexual preference. I meant something more like assholes or dickheads."[24]
"Kill You"
The second song on the album, "Kill You" exemplifies the album's over-the-top descriptions of violence, confrontational vocal delivery, and criticism of the media, record label expectations, and Eminem's mother.
The album's third single has been referred to as the album's centerpiece and features a sample of Dido's "Thank You". During the verses, Eminem portrays both himself and an obsessive fan, with pen-scratching sounds in the background to indicate communication via letters.
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The first track, "Kill You", discusses the controversy that surrounded the rapper's first album, nightmares of "ladies' screams", and being raised by a single mother.[25] In the song, Eminem also talks of raping his mother, and "notes the irony of magazines trumpeting his mother-raping self on their covers'. "[25] The six-and-a-half minute long "Stan" samples Dido's "Thank You" and tells the story of an exchange between the rapper and an obsessive fan, where the titular character berates Eminem for not responding to his letters.[26] On "Who Knew", the rapper addresses criticism regarding glorification of violence in his lyrics, pointing out perceived hypocrisy in American society. According to Gabriel Alvarez of Complex, Eminem's response ranges oscillates from "smart-ass ('Oh, you want me to watch my mouth, how?/Take my fuckin' eyeballs out and turn 'em around?') to smart ('Ain't they got the same moms and dads who got mad when I asked if they liked violence?/And told me that my tape taught 'em to swear/What about the makeup you allow your 12-year-old daughter to wear?')."[27] "Who Knew" is followed by the "Steve Berman" skit, where the president of sales at Interscope Records angrily confronts the rapper about his lyrical content. He notes that Dr. Dre was successful because he rapped about "big-screen TVs, blunts, 40's, and bitches", while Eminem raps about "homosexuals and Vicodin", and believes that the album will be a commercial disaster.[28]
"The Way I Am" is a meditation on the pressure to maintain his fame, and his fear of being "pigeon-holed into some poppy sensation/to cop me rotation at rock 'n' roll stations".[29] He also laments the negative media attention received by controversial public figures such as himself and Marilyn Manson in the wake of disasters such as the Columbine High School massacre. The rapper criticizes the media for focusing on tragedies such as school shootings while ignoring inner-city violence that occurs on a daily basis.[29] "The Real Slim Shady" pokes fun at pop culture icons such as Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera and Will Smith.[30] "Remember Me?" follows and features rappers RBX and Sticky Fingaz, who "kick seriously Stygian darkness on the ominous track".[21] In the song, he states "I'm tryna clean up my fuckin' image / So I promised the fuckin' critics / I wouldn't say 'fuckin' for six minutes/(Six minutes, Slim Shady, you're on)". Despite saying the word "fuck" one more time in "Remember Me", and three times at the beginning of "I'm Back", he does not say the word "fuckin" for seven minutes and 29 seconds after delivering the original promise, saying it again in the song "Marshall Mathers".[28]
"Marshall Mathers"
This song, with its sparse, minimalist production featuring an acoustic guitar, is a diss track aimed at pop artists such as NSYNC, Ricky Martin, and Britney Spears. It also expresses frustration at people who have tried to use Eminem for his fame.
"Kim"
The album's most controversial track, "Kim" is a chaotic murder fantasy where Eminem plays both himself and the voice of his wife Kim. The production samples "When the Levee Breaks" by Led Zeppelin.
"I'm Back" features Eminem's observations regarding his rise to fame, explaining that he "became a commodity/'Cause I'm W-H-I-T-E".[25] The next song, "Marshall Mathers", mocks the chorus of LFO's "Summer Girls", while criticizing the lack of artistic merit of pop stars such as Britney Spears, the Backstreet Boys, NSYNC, and Ricky Martin. The song also takes aim at rap duo called ICP (Insane Clown Posse), where Eminem raps about Violent J and Shaggy 2 Dope being flaming homosexuals. [30][31] "Drug Ballad" features Dina Rae[32] and describes the rapper's struggles with his drug addiction, and writes about some of his experiences under the influence, including ecstasy which makes him "sentimental as fuck, spilling guts to you/we just met, but I think I'm in love with you".[33] "Amityville" is a bass-heavy ode to living in Detroit, where the rapper discusses the city's crowning as murder capital of the United States.[15] "Bitch Please II" features Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Nate Dogg, and Xzibit, and contains elements of g-funk, as well as R&B crooning from Nate Dogg on the chorus.[21]
"Kim", the prequel to "97 Bonnie and Clyde" from The Slim Shady LP, features Eminem "screaming at his ex in an insane stream-of-consciousness hate spew".[15] The song begins with Eminem talking softly to his daughter, but as the beat starts, the rapper takes on portraying two characters, utilizing his own enraged, threatening voice, and the terrified shrieks of his wife Kim.[34] As the song ends, Eminem kills her while taunting, "Bleed, bitch, bleed!"[34] "Kim" is followed by "Under the Influence", which sees Eminem speaking in gibberish for the chorus, and later rap group D12 "runs rampant" on the track.[21] "Criminal" features production from F.B.T., which consists of "piano licks, swerving synth, and a deceptively simplistic bass rumble over which Em snakes and snarls and warns that 'you can't stop me from topping these charts...'".[21] He pokes fun at critics who take his lyrical content seriously, explaining that "half the shit I say, I just make it up to make you mad".[35]
Lyrics referencing the Columbine High School massacre were censored on The Marshall Mathers LP
In his book Edited Clean Version: Technology and the Culture of Control, author Raiford Guins writes that the clean version of The Marshall Mathers LP "resembles a cross between a cell phone chat with terrible reception...and a noted hip-hop lyricist suffering from an incurable case of hiccups."[36] This version of the album often either omits words completely or obscures them with added sound effects.[36] The clean version of the album did not censor all profanity. Words like "ass", "bitch", "goddamn", and "shit" were uncensored. However, on the track "The Real Slim Shady", the words "bitch" and "shit" were censored out, as they used the clean version released for radio. References to violence and weapons were also significantly altered, and the songs "Kill You", "Drug Ballad" and "Bitch Please II" are written as "**** You", "Ballad" and "***** Please II" on the back cover of the album.[36] The song "Kim" is removed completely and replaced by the South Park-themed "The Kids".[37]
Significant edits were made to aggressive and violent lyrics that were aimed at police, prostitutes, women, homosexuals, bullies and schools. In response to the attack that had occurred at Columbine High School in April 1999, names of guns and sounds of them firing were censored. Interscope Records insisted on censoring the words "kids" and "Columbine" from the line, "I take seven [kids] from [Columbine], stand them all in line" from "I'm Back", even on the explicit version of the album.[35] Mike Rubin of Spin called the censorship a "curious decision, given that lyrics like 'Take drugs / Rape sluts' are apparently permissible".[35] Eminem commented on his lyrics regarding the shooting, "That Columbine shit is so fucking touchy. As much sympathy as we give the Columbine shootings, nobody ever looked at it from the fuckin' point of view of the kids who were bullied—I mean, they took their own fucking life! And it was because they were pushed so far to the fucking edge that they were fucking so mad. I've been that mad."[35] The full line appears uncensored in Eminem's song "Rap God" from The Marshall Mathers LP 2.[38] The line "It doesn't matter [your attorney Fred Gibson's a] faggot" was also censored from "Marshall Mathers", which refers to his mother Debbie Nelson's lawyer, who assisted her in filing a lawsuit against the rapper for defamation regarding lyrics from The Slim Shady LP.[39]
Release and commercial performance
Eminem (left) at the ARCO Arena for the Up in Smoke Tour, in June 2000, a month after the album's release
Eminem considered naming the album Amsterdam after a trip to the city shortly after the release of The Slim Shady LP, in which he and his friends engaged in heavy drug use.[40] The "free" use of drugs Eminem observed during his time in Amsterdam greatly influenced his desire to openly discuss drug use in his music and inspired some of the content on the album.[40][41]
The Marshall Mathers LP was released on May 23, 2000, by Aftermath Entertainment, Interscope Records, in the United States,[42] and on 11 September, 2000, by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom.[43] The Marshall Mathers LP was released with two different album covers. The original features Eminem sitting on the porch of the house he lived in during his teenage years.[13] He reflected on the photo shoot by saying, "I had mixed feelings because I had a lot of good and bad memories in that house. But to go back to where I grew up and finally say, 'I've made it', is the greatest feeling in the world to me."[13] The other cover features the rapper seated in a fetal position beneath a loading dock with alcohol and prescription pill bottles at his feet.[25] Will Hermes of Entertainment Weekly likened Eminem's appearance on the cover to a "dysfunctional Little Rascal", viewing the image as indicative of the rapper's musical evolution: "Easy to read, right? The debut: a violent fantasy, the acting-out of a persona. The follow-up: the vulnerable artist unmasked."[25]
The Marshall Mathers LP sold 1.76 million copies in its first week, which made it the fastest-selling rap album in history and also was fastest selling album by a solo artist until Adele surpassed the record with 25 in November 2015, selling over 3 million copies first week. It sold twice as much as the previous record holder, Snoop Dogg's 1993 album Doggystyle, and also topped Britney Spears' record for highest 1-week sales by any solo artist.[44] The album sold over 800,000 in its 2nd week, 600,000 in its 3rd week, and 520,000 copies in its 4th week for a 4-week total of 3.65 million. It also became one of the few albums to sell over half a million copies for 4 consecutive weeks. In total, the album spent 8 weeks at #1 on the US Billboard 200 music chart, good enough for 4th on the current all-time list of weeks spent at #1 by a Hip-Hop album.[45] By the end of 2000, The Marshall Mathers LP had become the second highest-selling album of the year with over 8 million sold.[46]
The album's 1st single, "The Real Slim Shady", became Eminem's biggest hit up to that point and peaked at #4 on the Billboard Hot 100 music chart and topping the UK Singles Charts.[47][48] "The Way I Am", which was released as the album's second single, peaked at #8 on the UK Singles Chart[47] and #58 on the Billboard Hot 100 music chart. "Stan", the 3rd single released from the album, became a #1 hit in both the United Kingdom[47] and Australia.[49]
In 2010, the Nielsen Company reported that up until November 2009, The Marshall Mathers LP had sold 10,216,000 copies in the US, making it the 4th-best selling album of the decade.[50] By February 2014, The Marshall Mathers LP had sold 10,818,000 copies in the United States, being Eminem's best selling album in his home country.[51] The Marshall Mathers LP sold at least 11 million copies in the United States.[52] Worldwide, The Marshall Mathers LP has sold over 35 million copies.[53] A sequel to the album, The Marshall Mathers LP 2, was released on November 5, 2013.[54]
Reception and legacy
Contemporary reception
Contemporary reviews
Aggregate scores
Metacritic 78/100[55]
Entertainment Weekly A−[25]
NME 9/10[58]
The Source 4/5[60]
The Village Voice A[62]
The Marshall Mathers LP was met with generally positive reviews. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 78, based on 21 reviews.[55] Rolling Stone magazine's Touré complimented Dr. Dre's production and Eminem's varied lyrical style on what is a "car-crash record: loud, wild, dangerous, out of control, grotesque, unsettling", but ultimately captivating.[15] Melody Maker said that Eminem's startlingly intense vision of "rap's self-consciousness" is truly unique,[57] while Steve Sutherland of NME praised the album as a misanthropic and "gruelling assault course of lyrical genius" that critiques malevolent aspects of contemporary society.[58] Chuck Eddy from The Village Voice said that Eminem is backed by attractive music and displays an emotionally complex and witting quality unlike his previous work.[63] In the newspaper's consumer guide column, Robert Christgau called him "exceptionally witty and musical, discernibly thoughtful and good-hearted, indubitably dangerous and full of shit", while declaring the album "a work of art whose immense entertainment value in no way compromises its intimations of a pathology that's both personal and political".[62] Will Hermes of Entertainment Weekly wrote that as the first significant popular music album of the 2000s, The Marshall Mathers LP is "indefensible and critic-proof, hypocritical and heartbreaking, unlistenable and undeniable".[25]
On the other hand, music journalist Greg Kot said the reaction to The Marshall Mathers LP was "mixed", or reluctantly positive, among critics who praised Eminem's "verbal skills and transgressive humor" but decried some of the subject matter.[64] In his review for the Los Angeles Times, Robert Hilburn reserved his praise because of homophobic lyrics on what he felt is an otherwise conceptual and personal work, "docked a half star because of the recurring homophobia—something that may be de rigueur in commercial rap, but which still is unacceptable."[18] Steve Jones of USA Today opined that Eminem's "vicious and patently personal lyrical assaults" would "almost grow tedious if he weren't as inventive as he is tasteless."[61] Q magazine felt that the subject matter does not make for an enjoyable listen, even though Eminem's disaffected and nihilistic lyrics can be provocative.[59] Slant Magazine's Sal Cinquemani was more critical in a one-and-a-half star review and found his raps extremely distasteful: "The only thing worse than Eminem's homophobia is the immaturity with which he displays it".[65] On the other hand, Spin felt that the rapping is excellent, but plagued more so by unremarkable music and lackluster tracks.[66]
In 2000, The Marshall Mathers LP won in the Best Album category at the MTV Europe Music Awards.[67] It also won in the Best Rap Album category at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards in 2001.[68] The Marshall Mathers LP was nominated for Album of the Year, but lost to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan's Two Against Nature.[69]
Retrospective acclaim
Retrospective reviews
Encyclopedia of Popular Music
The Great Rock Discography 9/10[71]
Pitchfork 9.4/10[53]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide
Sputnikmusic 5/5[73]
In 2003, The Marshall Mathers LP was ranked number 302 on Rolling Stone Magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time;[74] it was moved up to number 244 in the magazine's revised 2012 edition of the list.[75] IGN named it the twenty-fourth greatest rap album of all time in a 2004 list.[76] According to Sputnikmusic's Nick Butler, The Marshall Mathers LP stands as a culturally significant record in American popular music, but also "remains a truly special album, unique in rap's canon, owing its spirit to rock and its heritage to rap, in a way I've rarely heard".[77] In The Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004), Christian Hoard said that the album "delved much deeper into personal pain [than The Slim Shady LP], and the result was a minor masterpiece that merged iller-than-ill flows with a brilliant sense of the macabre."[72]
In 2006, The Marshall Mathers LP was chosen by Time Magazine as one of the 100 greatest albums of all time.[78] That same year, Q ranked it number 85 on a list of the greatest albums of all time, the highest position held by any rap album on the list.[79] The Marshall Mathers LP was also the highest ranked rap album on the National Association of Recording Merchandisers & the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of the 200 greatest albums of all time, where it was placed at number 28.[80] It has been named one of the greatest albums of the 2000s decade by Rolling Stone Magazine, who ranked it seventh,[81] Complex Magazine, who ranked it fourth,[82] and Pitchfork, who ranked it 119th.[83]
The Marshall Mathers LP has been ranked as one of the greatest hip hop albums of all time by Rolling Stone Magazine,[84] Time Magazine,[85] and XXL Magazine.[86][87] In 2010, Rhapsody ranked it at number 1 on their list of "The 10 Best Albums by White Rappers".[88] In 2015, the album was ranked number 81 by About.com on their list of "100 Best Hip-hop Albums of All Time".[89] The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[90]
Reactions from politicians
"Nobody is excluded from my poking at. Nobody. I don't discriminate, I don't exclude nobody. If you do something fucked up, you're bound to be made fun of. If I do something fucked up, I'll make fun of myself—I'm not excluded from this."
—Eminem, on the album's controversy.[91]
At a United States Senate hearing, Lynne Cheney criticized Eminem and sponsor Seagram for "promot[ing] violence of the most degrading kind against women", labeling him as "a rap singer who advocates murder and rape".[92] She specifically cited lyrics from "Kill You", explaining, "He talks about murdering and raping his mother. He talks about choking women slowly so he can hear their screams for a long time. He talks about using O.J.'s machete on women, and this is a man who is honored by the recording industry".[92] Cheney drew a link between the Columbine massacre and violent music, mentioning artists Eminem and Marilyn Manson as musicians who contribute to the United States' culture of violence. Although she stated that she has "long been a vocal supporter of free speech", Cheney called for the music industry to impose age-restrictions on those who can purchase music with violent content.[92]
On October 26, 2000, Eminem was to perform at a concert in Toronto's SkyDome.[93] However, Ontario Attorney General Jim Flaherty argued that Canada should stop Eminem at the border. "I personally don't want anyone coming to Canada who will come here and advocate violence against women", he said.[93] Flaherty claims to have been "disgusted" when reading transcriptions of Eminem's song "Kill You", which includes lines like "Slut, you think I won't choke no whore/till the vocal cords don't work in her throat no more?"[93] Eminem's fans argued that this was a matter of free speech and that he was unfairly singled out.[93] Michael Bryant suggested that the government let Eminem perform and then prosecute him for violating Canada's hate crime laws, despite the fact that Canada's hate-crime legislation does not include violence against women.[94] In an editorial in The Globe and Mail, author Robert Everett-Green wrote, "Being offensive is Eminem's job description."[95] Eminem was granted entry into Canada.[96]
A 2001 and 2004 study by Edward Armstrong found that of the 14 songs on The Marshall Mathers LP eleven contain violent and misogynistic lyrics and nine depict killing women through choking, stabbing, drowning, shooting, head and throat splitting. According to the study, Eminem scores 78% for violent misogyny while gangsta rap music in general reaches 22%.[97][98] Armstrong argues that violent misogyny characterizes most of Eminem's music and that the rapper "authenticates his self-presentations by outdoing other gangsta rappers in terms of his violent misogyny."[98] A fifteen-year-old boy in Fresno, California was arrested in September 2015 for making terrorist threats, after sharing the Columbine-related lyrics to "I'm Back" on Instagram.[99]
Reactions from other artists
Elton John performed "Stan" with Eminem at the Grammys despite negative reactions from the LGBT community.
Protests against the album's content reached a climax when it was nominated for four Grammy Awards in 2001 including Album of the Year.[87] At the ceremony, Eminem performed "Stan" in a duet with openly gay artist Elton John playing piano and singing the chorus. This performance was a direct response to claims by GLAAD and others who claimed his lyrics were homophobic, with Eminem stating, "Of course I'd heard of Elton John, but I didn't know he was gay. I didn't know anything about his personal life. I didn't really care, but being that he was gay and he had my back, I think it made a statement in itself saying that he understood where I was coming from."[100] GLAAD did not change its position, however, and spoke out against Elton John's decision.[101] Despite significant protests and debate, The Marshall Mathers LP went on to win Best Rap Album.
Singer Christina Aguilera was upset about the lyric, "Christina Aguilera better switch me chairs so I can sit next to Carson Daly and Fred Durst / and hear 'em argue over who she gave head to first" from "The Real Slim Shady", calling the rapper's claim "disgusting, offensive and, above all, not true".[102] Eminem included this line after becoming angry with the singer for informing the public during an MTV special without his consent about the rapper's secret marriage to Kim Mathers.[102] However, the two later settled their differences after hugging backstage at the 2002 MTV Video Music Awards, with the singer appearing at the premiere of 8 Mile months later.[102]
In 2002, French jazz pianist Jacques Loussier filed a $10 million lawsuit against Eminem, claiming the beat for "Kill You" was stolen from his song "Pulsion".[103]
1. "Public Service Announcement 2000" (skit) Marshall Mathers 0:25
2. "Kill You"
Andre Young
Melvin Breeden
3. "Stan" (featuring Dido)
Dido Armstrong
Paul Herman
Eminem[a]
4. "Paul" (skit) Mathers 0:10
5. "Who Knew"
Breeden
Mike Elizondo
6. "Steve Berman" (skit) Mathers 0:53
7. "The Way I Am" Mathers Eminem 4:50
8. "The Real Slim Shady"
Tommy Coster
Elizondo
9. "Remember Me?" (featuring RBX and Sticky Fingaz)
Eric Collins
10. "I'm Back"
11. "Marshall Mathers"
Jeff Bass
Bass Brothers
12. "Ken Kaniff" (skit) Mathers 1:01
13. "Drug Ballad" (featuring Dina Rae)
J. Bass
M. Bass
14. "Amityville" (featuring Bizarre)
Rufus Johnson
15. "Bitch Please II" (featuring Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Xzibit and Nate Dogg)
Cordozar Broadus Jr.
Alvin Joiner
Nathaniel Hale
16. "Kim"
Bass Brothers 6:17
17. "Under the Influence" (featuring D12)
Denaun Porter
Von Carlisle
Ondre Moore
DeShaun Holton
18. "Criminal"
Limited Edition Bonus Disc[104]
1. "The Real Slim Shady" (instrumental)
2. "The Way I Am" (instrumental) Eminem 4:52
3. "Stan" (instrumental)
4. "The Kids" (explicit version) 5:06
5. "The Way I Am" (Danny Lohner remix, featuring Marilyn Manson) 4:58
6. "The Real Slim Shady" (Video – Directors Cut)
7. "The Way I Am" (Video – LP Version)
8. "Stan" (Video – Directors Version)
^[a] signifies a co-producer.
Credits for The Marshall Mathers LP adapted from AllMusic.[105]
Dina Rae
Eminem (also producer)
Kuniva
Mr. Porter
Paul Rosenberg
Swifty McVay
Dr. Dre (also performer)
Eminem (also performer)
Jeff Bass (also performer)
Aaron Lepley
Akane Nakamura (also mixing)
Chris Conway (also mixing)
James McCrone
Michelle Lynn Forbes (also mixing)
Mike Butler (also mixing)
Steven King
Rob Ebeling (also mixing)
Richard Huredia (also mixing)
Rick Behrens (also mixing)
Camara Kambon (keyboards)
John Bigham (guitar)
Mike Elizondo (bass, guitar, keyboards)
Paul Herman (guitar)
Tommy Coster (keyboards)
Jason Noto (art direction, design)
Joe Martin (production coordinator)
Joe-Mama Nitzberg (art coordinator, photography)
Jonathan Mannion (Photography)
Kirdis Tucker (project coordinator)
Larry Chatman (project coordinator)
Les Scurry (production coordinator)
Chart (2000–01)
Australian Albums (ARIA)[106]
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[107]
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[108]
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[109]
Canadian Albums (CRIA)[110]
Canadian Albums (Billboard)[111]
Danish Albums (Hitlisten)[112]
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)[113]
European Top 100 Albums[114]
Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)[115]
French Albums (SNEP)[116]
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[117]
Greece (IFPI Greece)[118]
Hungarian Albums (Mahasz)[119]
Irish Albums (IRMA)[120]
Italian Albums (FIMI)[121]
Japanese Albums (Oricon)[122]
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[123]
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[124]
Polish Albums (ZPAV)[125]
South African Albums (RISA)[126]
Spanish Albums (AFYVE)[127]
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[128]
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[129]
UK Albums (OCC)[130]
US Billboard 200[131]
Chart (2002)
US Top Catalog Albums (Billboard)[132]
Year-end charts
German Albums Chart[133]
Decade-end charts
Chart (2000–2009)
Certified units/Sales
Argentina (CAPIF)[138]
Gold 20,000^
Australia (ARIA)[139]
4× Platinum 280,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[140]
Platinum 30,000*
Belgium (BEA)[141]
2× Platinum 100,000*
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[142]
Gold 100,000*
Canada (Music Canada)[143]
Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[144]
Finland (Musiikkituottajat)[145]
Platinum 40,055[145]
France (SNEP)[146]
Germany (BVMI)[147]
Hungary (MAHASZ)[148]
Italy (FIMI)[149]
Gold 50,000*
Mexico (AMPROFON)[150]
Platinum 150,000^
Netherlands (NVPI)[151]
Platinum 80,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[152]
5× Platinum 75,000^
Norway (IFPI Norway)[153]
Poland (ZPAV)[154]
Platinum 100,000*
South Africa (RISA)[126]
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[155]
Sweden (GLF)[156]
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[157]
United Kingdom (BPI)[159]
8× Platinum 2,530,000[158]
United States (RIAA)[160]
Diamond 11,000,000[52]^
Europe (IFPI)[161]
5× Platinum 5,000,000*
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Grammy Award for Best Rap Album
List of fastest-selling albums
List of best-selling albums in the United States
List of best-selling albums
The Marshall Mathers LP 2
List of hip hop albums considered to be influential
Misogyny in hip hop culture
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^ Basham, David (February 28, 2002). "Got Charts? Expect 'O Brother' Sales Boost After Unexpected Win". MTV News. Viacom. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
^ Serpick, Evan. "Eminem – Biography". Rolling Stone. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
^ a b Hasted, 2011. p. 123
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^ Vanhoozer, p. 84
^ Hasted, p. 121
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^ a b c d Hilburn, Robert (May 20, 2000). "Eminem's Latest Seems Sure to Delight Fans, Anger Parents". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 12, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
^ "Eminem and Kim to divorce again". BBC News. April 6, 2006. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
^ Strauss, Neil (June 7, 2000). "THE POP LIFE; Eminem Enters 'N Sync Turf". The New York Times. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
^ a b c d e Spence D. (November 12, 2004). "The Marshall Mathers LP Review". IGN. Archived from the original on December 16, 2010. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
^ a b c White, Dave (July 4, 2000). "A Bad Rap?". The Advocate. Here Media. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
^ Hasted, 2011. p. 162
^ Eminem, 2008. p. 54
^ a b c d e f g Hermes, Will (June 2, 2000). "The Marshall Mathers LP". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 1, 2009.
^ Hasted, p. 68
^ Alvarez, Gabriel (December 18, 2017). "Eminem's 100 Greatest Songs: Who Knew". Complex. Complex Media Inc. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
^ a b Rys, Dan (May 22, 2015). "12 Facts You Might Not Know About Eminem's 'The Marshall Mathers LP'". XXL. Townsquare Media. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
^ a b Vanhoozer, pp. 83–84
^ a b Ellis, p. 256
^ Wazir, Burhan (June 18, 2000). "Misogynist, homophobe... hero". The Guardian. Retrieved February 7, 2014.
^ Stubbs, David. Eminem: The Stories Behind Every Song. Thunder's Mouth Press. p. 128. ISBN 978-1560259466. Dina Rae sweetens the deal with some funky vocal flourishes
^ Louie, Rebecca (September 2000). "The X-Factor". Vibe. Vibe Media Group. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
^ a b Vanhoozer, p. 85
^ a b c d Rubin, Mike (August 2000). "The Sins and Sorrows of Marshall Mathers". Spin. Spin Media LLC. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
^ a b c Guins, 2008. p. 12
^ Bozza, 2003. p. 83
^ Graham, Adam (October 14, 2013). "Emimem strikes again with 'Rap God' single". The Detroit News. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
^ Herzog, Kenny (December 2008). "Eminem vs. M.O.M". Spin. Spin Media LLC. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
^ a b Eminem, 2008. p. 66
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^ "2009 U.S. Music Purchases up 2.1% over 2008; Music Sales Exceed 1.5 Billion for Second Consecutive Year". January 6, 2010. businesswire.com. Business Wire. Retrieved July 14, 2010.
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^ a b "Eminem: The Marshall Mathers LP". Melody Maker: 54. June 6, 2000. No one else puts such a rocket under rap's self-consciousness or makes it so shocking...
^ a b Sutherland, Steve (May 30, 2000). "Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP". NME. Archived from the original on August 16, 2000. Retrieved October 1, 2009.
^ a b Lowe, Steve (August 2000). "Eminem: The Marshall Mathers LP". Q (167): 98. Archived from the original on December 5, 2000. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
^ "Eminem: The Marshall Mathers LP". The Source (131): 225–26. August 2000.
^ a b Jones, Steve (May 23, 2000). "Eminem's 'Mathers LP' luridly lyrical". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 15, 2000. Retrieved October 1, 2009.
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^ "Eminem: The Marshall Mathers LP". Spin. May 20, 2000. Funny how so much controversy can spring up over an album that is, musically, not all that noteworthy ... what could have been a brilliant statement, instead elevates Eminem to the rarefied air of true platinum rappers: ie, those that drop outstanding rhymes over frustratingly mediocre beats.
^ "Madonna, Eminem Lead American Romp Through EMAs". November 17, 2000. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
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^ "The Marshall Mathers LP". Acclaimed Music. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
^ a b Hoard, Christian. "Eminem". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 276–77. ISBN 978-0-7432-0169-8. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
^ Iai (January 16, 2005). "Eminem - The Marshall Mathers LP (album review 16)". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
^ The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All Time: Rolling Stone Archived April 7, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Eminem, 'The Marshall Mathers LP'". Rolling Stone.
^ Spence D. + Miscellaneous IGN Editors. "IGN.com – Top 25 Rap Albums". Music.ign.com. Archived from the original on May 27, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2011. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
^ Butler, Nick (January 16, 2005). "Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP (staff review)". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
^ "TIME.com – The All-TIME 100 Albums". Time.com. November 2, 2006. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
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^ Nigel D. (December 10, 2009). "Rolling Stones Top 100 Albums Of The Decade | RealTalkNY". Realtalkny.uproxx.com. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
^ "The Marshall Mathers LP | Top 100 Albums | Best of the 2000s". Best.complex.com. Archived from the original on September 12, 2009. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
^ Pitchfork staff (September 28, 2009). "The Top 200 Albums of the 2000s: 150–101". Pitchfork. Retrieved October 1, 2009.
^ "The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All Time: Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone. November 18, 2003. Retrieved December 21, 2008.
^ "The All-TIME 100 Albums". TIME. November 13, 2006. Retrieved December 21, 2008.
^ XXL (December 2007). "Retrospective: XXL Albums". XXL Magazine.
^ a b "Gay Activist Group Plans Pre-Grammy Eminem Protest". [MTV.com]. February 1, 2001. Retrieved December 21, 2008.
^ The 10 Best Albums By White Rappers Archived July 16, 2012, at Archive.today Retrieved June 26, 2010
^ Adaso, Henry. "100 Best hip-hop albums". About.com. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
^ Robert Dimery; Michael Lydon (March 23, 2010). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die: Revised and Updated Edition. Universe. ISBN 978-0-7893-2074-2.
^ a b c Mancini, Robert (September 13, 2000). "Eminem Targeted At Senate Hearing". MTV News. Viacom. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
^ a b c d Mackie, Richard; Marissa Nelson (October 26, 2000). "Ontario wants rap star banned". The Globe and Mail (newspaper). Toronto. pp. A1, A4.
^ Hiatt, Brian. "Canadian Officials Asked To Stop Eminem At Border". MTV.com., October 26, 2000.
^ Everett-Green, Robert (October 26, 2000). "Bad rap for a rapper". The Globe and Mail (newspaper). Toronto. p. A25.
^ ABC News. "Eminem vs. Canada". October 26, 2000.
^ Armstrong, Edward G (2001). "Gangsta Misogyny: A Content Analysis of the Portrayals of Violence against Women in Rap Music, 1987–1993". Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture. 8 (2): 96–126.
^ a b Armstrong, Edward G (2004). "Eminem's Construction of Authenticity". Popular Music and Society. 27 (3): 335–355. doi:10.1080/03007760410001733170.
^ Mays, Mackenzie (September 1, 2015). "Boy, 15, arrested in Instagram post that closed San Joaquin Memorial High". Fresno Bee.
^ Basham, David (February 21, 2001). "Eminem: "Performance With Elton Was Statement Enough"". MTV News. Viacom. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
^ "Eminem, Elton John To Duet At Grammys". MTV.com. February 10, 2001. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
^ a b c Richards, Jason (October 17, 2011). "Happy Birthday Eminem, Here's Every Celebrity You've Ever Dissed". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
^ "Eminem sued by jazz star". BBC News. March 31, 2002. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
^ "Marshall Mathers Lp: Music". Amazon.com. Retrieved March 4, 2014.
^ "Credits: The Marshall Mathers LP". Allmusic. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
^ "Australiancharts.com – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP". Hung Medien. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "Austriancharts.at – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "Ultratop.be – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "Ultratop.be – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP" (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "Top Albums/CDs – Volume 71, No. 5, June 05 2000". RPM. Archived from the original on October 20, 2012. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "Eminem Chart History (Canadian Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "Danishcharts.dk – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP". Hung Medien. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "European Albums Chart". Music.AllOfMp3.com. Retrieved May 19, 2007.
^ "Eminem: The Marshall Mathers LP" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "Lescharts.com – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP". Hung Medien. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
^ a b "Internet Archive Wayback Machine". Web.archive.org. August 6, 2003. Archived from the original on August 6, 2003. Retrieved March 8, 2010.
^ "MAHASZ". Archived from the original on December 16, 2008. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
^ "GFK Chart-Track Albums: Week 41, 2000". Chart-Track. IRMA. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "Italiancharts.com – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP". Hung Medien. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "G~l̃AoドLO". ORICON STYLE.
^ "Charts.org.nz – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP". Hung Medien. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP". Hung Medien. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS – Official Retail Sales Chart". OLiS. November 29, 2004. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ a b "Eminem heading to South Africa for two shows". The Times. November 18, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
^ "Hits of the World – Spain". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. March 24, 2001. p. 51. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
^ "Swedishcharts.com – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP". Hung Medien. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "Swisscharts.com – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP". Hung Medien. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "Eminem | Artist | Official Charts". UK Albums Chart. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
^ "Eminem Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
^ "Eminem Chart History (Top Catalog Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved December 21, 2015.
^ "Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts" (in German). GfK Entertainment. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
^ "Billboard year end charts 2000". Billboard.
^ "The Decade in Music Charts". Billboard. Vol. 121 no. 39. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. October 3, 2009. p. 162. ISSN 0006-2510.
^ "Discos de oro y platino" (in Spanish). Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2003 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association.
^ "Austrian album certifications – Eminem – Marshall Mathers LP" (in German). IFPI Austria.
^ "Ultratop − Goud en Platina – albums 2000". Ultratop. Hung Medien.
^ "Brazilian album certifications – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP" (in Portuguese). Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos.
^ "Canadian album certifications – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP". Music Canada.
^ "Danish album certifications – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP". IFPI Denmark.
^ a b "Eminem" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland.
^ "French album certifications – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique.
^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Eminem; 'The Marshall Mathers LP')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
^ "Adatbázis – Arany- és platinalemezek – 2001" (in Hungarian). MAHASZ.
^ "Italian album certifications – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Select "2019" in the "Anno" drop-down menu. Select "The Marshall Mathers" in the "Filtra" field. Select "Album e Compilation" under "Sezione".
^ "Certificaciones" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Type Eminem in the box under the ARTISTA column heading and The Marshall Mathers LP in the box under TÍTULO
^ "Dutch album certifications – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Enter The Marshall Mathers LP in the "Artiest of titel" box.
^ "New Zealand album certifications – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP". Recorded Music NZ.
^ "Trofeer" (in Norwegian). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry – Norway. 2001. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
^ "Polish album certifications – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP" (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry.
^ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (PDF) (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Madrid: Fundación Autor/SGAE. p. 962. ISBN 84-8048-639-2. Retrieved June 27, 2019.
^ "Guld- och Platinacertifikat − År 2001" (PDF) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden.
^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards (Eminem; 'The Marshall Mathers LP')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien.
^ Copsey, Rob (September 5, 2018). "Eminem's Top 10 biggest albums on the Official Chart". Official Charts Company. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
^ "British album certifications – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP". British Phonographic Industry. Select albums in the Format field. Select Platinum in the Certification field. Type The Marshall Mathers LP in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
^ "American album certifications – Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH.
^ "IFPI Platinum Europe Awards – 2001". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry.
Bozza, Anthony (2003). Whatever You Say I Am: The Life and Times of Eminem. New York, New York, United States: Crown Publishing Group. ISBN 1-4000-5059-6.
Guins, Raiford (2008). Edited Clean Version: Technology and the Culture of Control. University Of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0816648153.
Hasted, Nick (2011). The Dark Story of Eminem. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-1-84938-458-2.
Vanhoozer, Kevin (2007). Everyday Theology (Cultural Exegesis): How to Read Cultural Texts and Interpret Trends. Baker Academic. ISBN 9780801031670.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Marshall_Mathers_LP&oldid=905834756"
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Tag: Martin Schulz
Monday, April 23rd 2018 - 08:51 UTC
Woman power in Germany: the two most important leaders are female
Germany's junior partner in the ruling coalition, the Social Democrats (SPD), has elected its first female leader in the party's 154-year history. Former Labour Minister Andrea Nahles was chosen to replace Martin Schulz, who resigned after the SPD's worst result since 1933 in last year's polls.
Thursday, November 16th 2017 - 09:47 UTC
PM May to address European parliament leadership on 24 November
British Prime Minister Theresa May will meet the European Parliament’s leadership on November 24, according to senior Parliament officials in Strasbourg. They said May will address the Conference of Presidents, the president of Parliament and the chairs of the political groups, not all MEPs.
Monday, September 4th 2017 - 07:06 UTC
Merkel steaming ahead to a fourth term following prime-time debate with her rival
Three weeks before elections, Angela Merkel appeared to powering ahead on Monday to a possible fourth term as chancellor of Germany, after her rival Martin Schulz failed to halt her advance in a crucial televised debate. Sunday's prime-time TV clash had been billed as Schulz's last chance to sway millions to his cause and halt a devastating popularity slide.
German election turns into a Trump bashing exercise for weakening the West
Germany's top politicians have stepped up criticism of US President Donald Trump, a day after Chancellor Angela Merkel said the US and UK were no longer reliable partners. On Monday Mrs Merkel said it was right not to gloss over differences with the US, while her foreign minister said Mr. Trump's actions weakened the West.
Monday, May 15th 2017 - 07:01 UTC
Merkel en route to a fourth term: her party unseats Social Democrats in key state election
Germany's Christian Democrats (CDU) have unseated the Social Democrats in a key state election, exit polls are indicating. Chancellor Angela Merkel's CDU is projected to win 34.5% of votes in North Rhine-Westphalia, compared with 30.5% for the Social Democrats (SPD). It was seen as a test for Mrs. Merkel ahead of September's general election.
Monday, March 27th 2017 - 11:20 UTC
Merkel's party sprints ahead in first regional election leading to September
Chancellor Angela Merkel’s Christian Democratic Union (CDU) has won state elections in the small western state of Saarland on Sunday by significantly increasing its vote share. . Led by premier Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer, the most popular politician in the region, CDU has won 40.1% of the vote, increasing its share by 4.9 percentage votes compared with 2012, according to the projections based on exit polls and broadcasted by the public television ARD.
Monday, January 30th 2017 - 11:29 UTC
Social Democrats chose Schultz, president of European Parliament to unseat Merkel
Leaders of Germany's Social Democrats have chosen Martin Schulz, for many years president of the European Parliament, as their candidate to unseat Chancellor Angela Merkel. Schulz promised supporters his campaign for September's elections would focus on hard-working people.
Friday, December 16th 2016 - 10:00 UTC
Brexit: UK wants to first discuss status of Britons in Europe and EU citizens in UK
UK Prime Minister Theresa May wants an early deal on what Brexit means for the status of Britons in Europe and EU citizens in the UK, she has told EU leaders. The prime minister's comments came as she updated fellow leaders on the UK's plans for leaving the European Union.
Wednesday, August 24th 2016 - 06:06 UTC
A Mercosur/EU trade agreement will not include UK, warns European Parliament president
The president of the European Parliament Martin Schulz said in Buenos Aires that if finally a trade and cooperation agreement is reached between the European Union and Mercosur the United Kingdom will not benefit as a consequence of Brexit.
Tuesday, August 23rd 2016 - 06:15 UTC
EU Parliament president calls Argentina a crucial associate in the redefinition of global relations
Visiting president of the European Parliament Martin Shultz called on his Argentine hosts to leave behind those chapters with no dialogue and concentrate on Mercosur/EU trade and cooperation negotiations that have been stalled for almost twenty years, taking advantage of an Argentina opened to the world and an ally when international relations are being redefined.
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GDF11
List of PDB id codes
GDF11, BMP-11, BMP11, growth differentiation factor 11
External IDs
OMIM: 603936 MGI: 1338027 HomoloGene: 21183 GeneCards: GDF11
Gene location (Human)
Chr.
Chromosome 12 (human)[1]
12q13.2
55,743,280 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chromosome 10 (mouse)[2]
10|10 D3
128,882,295 bp[2]
Molecular function
• cytokine activity
• transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
• growth factor activity
• protein binding
Cellular component
• intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
• nucleoplasm
• extracellular region
• cellular component
• macromolecular complex
• regulation of apoptotic process
• skeletal system development
• palate development
• ureteric bud development
• regulation of MAPK cascade
• spinal cord anterior/posterior patterning
• cell development
• negative regulation of cell differentiation
• positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
• cell maturation
• nervous system development
• animal organ morphogenesis
• pancreas development
• mesoderm development
• metanephros development
• camera-type eye morphogenesis
• anterior/posterior pattern specification
• negative regulation of cell proliferation
• SMAD protein signal transduction
• regulation of receptor activity
• negative regulation of neuron differentiation
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
O95390
Q9Z1W4
RefSeq (mRNA)
RefSeq (protein)
Location (UCSC)
Chr 12: 55.74 – 55.76 Mb Chr 10: 128.88 – 128.89 Mb
PubMed search
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the growth differentiation factor 11 gene.[5]
GDF11 acts as a cytokine and its molecular structure is identical in humans, mice and rats.[6]The bone morphogenetic protein group is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site, which is cleaved to produce a protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues.[7]
Systemic GDF11 treatment improves vasculature in the hippocampus and cortex of old mice resulting in enhanced neurogenesis.[8] Also, systematic replenishment of GDF11 improved the survival and morphology of β-cells and improved glucose metabolism in both non genetic and genetic mouse models of type 2 diabetes.[9]
GDF11 is a regulator of skin biology and has significant effects on the production of procollagen I and hyaluronic acid. GDF11 also activates the Smad2/3 phosphorylation pathway in skin endothelial cells and improves skin vasculature.[10]
Supplementation of systemic GDF11 levels, which normally decline with age, by heterochronic parabiosis or systemic delivery of recombinant protein, reversed functional impairments and restored genomic integrity in aged muscle stem cells (satellite cells). Increased GDF11 levels in aged mice also improved muscle structural and functional features and increased strength and endurance exercise capacity. [11]
Treatment of old mice to restore GDF11 to youthful levels recapitulated the effects of parabiosis and reversed age-related hypertrophy, revealing a therapeutic opportunity for cardiac aging.[12]
GDF11 has been found to reduce oxidative stress and was able to reduce the levels of AGEs, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, and to slow down the accumulation of age-related histological markers. GDF11 significantly prevented the decrease in CAT, GPX and SOD activities, [13]
Enhanced GDF11 expression promoted apoptosis and down-regulated GDF11 expression inhibited apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines. These findings suggested that GDF11 acted as a tumor suppressor for pancreatic cancer.[14]
In 2014, GDF11 was described as a life extension factor in two publications based on the results of a parabiosis experiments with mice [11][15] that were chosen as Science's scientific breakthrough of the year.[16] Later studies questioned these findings.[17][18][19][20] Researchers disagree on the selectivity of the tests used to measure GDF11 and on the activity of GDF11 from various commercially available sources.[21] The full relationship of GDF11 to aging—and any possible differences in the action of GDF11 in mice, rats, and humans—is unclear and continues to be researched.
1 Effects on cell growth and differentiation
2 Effect on cardiac and skeletal muscle aging
Effects on cell growth and differentiation[edit]
GDF11 belongs to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that controls anterior-posterior patterning by regulating the expression of Hox genes.[22] It determines Hox gene expression domains and rostrocaudal identity in the caudal spinal cord.[23]
During mouse development, GDF11 expression begins in the tail bud and caudal neural plate region. GDF knock-out mice display skeletal defects as a result of patterning problems with anterior-posterior positioning.[24]
In the mouse adult central nervous system, GDF11 alone can improve the cerebral vasculature and enhance neurogenesis.[15]
This cytokine also inhibits the proliferation of olfactory receptor neuron progenitors to regulate the number of olfactory receptor neurons occurring in the olfactory epithelium,[25] and controls the competence of progenitor cells to regulate numbers of retinal ganglionic cells developing in the retina.[26]
Other studies in mice suggest that GDF11 is involved in mesodermal formation and neurogenesis during embryonic development. The members of this TGF-β superfamily are involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation not only in embryonic tissues, but adult tissues as well.[27]
GDF11 can bind type I TGF-beta superfamily receptors ACVR1B (ALK4), TGFBR1 (ALK5) and ACVR1C (ALK7), but predominantly uses ALK4 and ALK5 for signal transduction.[22]
GDF11 is closely related to myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth.[28][29] Both myostatin and GDF11 are involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation.
GDF11 is a regulator of kidney organogenesis,[30] pancreatic development,[31] the rostro-caudal patterning in the development of spinal cords,[23] and of chondrogenesis.[32]
Due to the similarities between myostatin and GDF11, the actions of GDF11 are likely regulated by WFIKKN2, a large extracellular multidomain protein consisting of follistatin, immunoglobulin, protease inhibitor, and NTR domains.[33] WFIKKN2 has a high affinity for GDF11, and previously has been found to inhibit the biological activities of myostatin.[34]
Effect on cardiac and skeletal muscle aging[edit]
GDF11 has been identified as a blood circulating factor that has the ability to reverse age-related cardiac hypertrophy in mice. GDF11 gene expression and protein abundance decreases with age, and it shows differential abundance between young and old mice in parabiosis procedures, causing youthful regeneration of cardiomyocytes, a reduction in the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and in the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). GDF11 also causes an increase in expression of SERCA-2, an enzyme necessary for relaxation during diastolic functions.[12] GDF11 activates the TGF-β pathway in cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and suppresses the phosphorylation of Forkhead (FOX proteins) transcription factors. These effects suggest an "anti-hypertrophic effect", aiding in the reversal process of age-related hypertrophy, on the cardiomyocytes.[12] In 2014, peripheral supplementation of GDF11 protein (in mice) was shown to ameliorate the age-related dysfunction of skeletal muscle by rescuing the function of aged muscle stem cells. In humans, older males who had been chronically active over their lives show higher concentrations of GDF11 than inactive older men, and the concentration of circulating GDF11 correlated with leg power output when cycling.[35] These results have led to claims that GDF11 may be an anti-aging rejuvenation factor.[11]
These previous findings have been disputed since another publication has demonstrated the contrary, concluding that GDF11 increases with age and has deleterious effects on skeletal muscle regeneration,[17] being a pro-aging factor, with very high levels in some aged individuals. However, in October 2015, a Harvard study showed these contrary results to be the result of a flawed assay that was detecting immunoglobulin and not GDF11. The Harvard study claimed GDF11 does in fact reverse age-related cardiac hypertrophy.[21] However the Harvard study both ignored the GDF11-specific assay that was developed, establishing that GDF11 in mice is undetectable, and that the factor measured was in fact myostatin.[17] Also, the Harvard study combined the measure of GDF11 and GDF8 (myostatin), using a non-specific antibody, further confusing matters.
In 2016 conflicting reviews from different research teams were published concerning the effects of GDF11 on skeletal and cardiac muscle.[36] [37] One of the reviews reported an anti-hypertrophic effect in aging mice,[36] but the other team denied that cardiac hypertrophy occurs in old mice, asserting that GDF11 causes muscle wasting.[37] Both teams agreed that whether GDF11 increases or decreases with age had not been established.[36][37] A 2017 study found that super-physiological levels of GDF11 induced muscle wasting in the skeletal muscle of mice.[38]
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135414 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025352 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:".
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
^ Ge G, Hopkins DR, Ho WB, Greenspan DS (July 2005). "GDF11 forms a bone morphogenetic protein 1-activated latent complex that can modulate nerve growth factor-induced differentiation of PC12 cells". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 25 (14): 5846–58. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.14.5846-5858.2005. PMC 1168807. PMID 15988002.
^ Jamaiyar A, Wan W, Janota DM, Enrick MK, Chilian WM, Yin L (July 2017). "The versatility and paradox of GDF 11". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 175: 28–34. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.032. PMC 6319258. PMID 28223232.
^ "Gene GDF11". Genecards. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
^ Ozek C, Krolewski RC, Buchanan SM, Rubin LL (November 2018). "Growth Differentiation Factor 11 treatment leads to neuronal and vascular improvements in the hippocampus of aged mice". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 17293. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35716-6. PMC 6251885. PMID 30470794.
^ Harmon EB, Apelqvist AA, Smart NG, Gu X, Osborne DH, Kim SK (December 2004). "GDF11 modulates NGN3+ islet progenitor cell number and promotes beta-cell differentiation in pancreas development". Development. 131 (24): 6163–74. doi:10.1242/dev.01535. PMID 15548585.
^ Lyga, John; Rubin, Lee L.; Pfaff, Kathleen Lindahl; Buchanan, Sean M.; Santhanam, Uma; Idkowiak-Baldys, Jolanta (2019-06-10). "Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has pronounced effects on skin biology". PLOS ONE. 14 (6): e0218035. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218035. ISSN 1932-6203.
^ a b c Sinha M, Jang YC, Oh J, Khong D, Wu EY, Manohar R, Miller C, Regalado SG, Loffredo FS, Pancoast JR, Hirshman MF, Lebowitz J, Shadrach JL, Cerletti M, Kim MJ, Serwold T, Goodyear LJ, Rosner B, Lee RT, Wagers AJ (May 2014). "Restoring systemic GDF11 levels reverses age-related dysfunction in mouse skeletal muscle". Science. 344 (6184): 649–52. doi:10.1126/science.1251152. PMC 4104429. PMID 24797481.
^ a b c Loffredo FS, Steinhauser ML, Jay SM, Gannon J, Pancoast JR, Yalamanchi P, Sinha M, Dall'Osso C, Khong D, Shadrach JL, Miller CM, Singer BS, Stewart A, Psychogios N, Gerszten RE, Hartigan AJ, Kim MJ, Serwold T, Wagers AJ, Lee RT (May 2013). "Growth differentiation factor 11 is a circulating factor that reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy". Cell. 153 (4): 828–39. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.015. PMC 3677132. PMID 23663781.
^ Zhou, Yang; Song, Lili; Ni, Shousheng; Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Shicui (2019-08-01). "Administration of rGDF11 retards the aging process in male mice via action of anti-oxidant system". Biogerontology. 20 (4): 433–443. doi:10.1007/s10522-019-09799-1. ISSN 1573-6768.
^ Liu Y, Shao L, Chen K, Wang Z, Wang J, Jing W, Hu M (2018-11-27). "GDF11 restrains tumor growth by promoting apoptosis in pancreatic cancer". OncoTargets and Therapy. 11: 8371–8379. doi:10.2147/OTT.S181792. PMC 6267626. PMID 30568460.
^ a b Katsimpardi L, Litterman NK, Schein PA, Miller CM, Loffredo FS, Wojtkiewicz GR, Chen JW, Lee RT, Wagers AJ, Rubin LL (May 2014). "Vascular and neurogenic rejuvenation of the aging mouse brain by young systemic factors". Science. 344 (6184): 630–4. doi:10.1126/science.1251141. PMC 4123747. PMID 24797482.
^ "'Young blood' reverses aging – the breakthrough of 2014 #GDF11". 2015-01-05.
^ a b c Egerman MA, Cadena SM, Gilbert JA, Meyer A, Nelson HN, Swalley SE, Mallozzi C, Jacobi C, Jennings LL, Clay I, Laurent G, Ma S, Brachat S, Lach-Trifilieff E, Shavlakadze T, Trendelenburg AU, Brack AS, Glass DJ (July 2015). "GDF11 Increases with Age and Inhibits Skeletal Muscle Regeneration". Cell Metabolism. 22 (1): 164–74. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.05.010. PMC 4497834. PMID 26001423.
^ Age-reversal effects of 'young blood' molecule GDF-11 called into question, retrieved 20 May 2015
^ Reardon, Sara (2015), "'Young blood' anti-ageing mechanism called into question", Nature, doi:10.1038/nature.2015.17583, retrieved 20 May 2015
^ Smith SC, Zhang X, Zhang X, Gross P, Starosta T, Mohsin S, Franti M, Gupta P, Hayes D, Myzithras M, Kahn J, Tanner J, Weldon SM, Khalil A, Guo X, Sabri A, Chen X, MacDonnell S, Houser SR (November 2015). "GDF11 does not rescue aging-related pathological hypertrophy". Circulation Research. 117 (11): 926–32. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.307527. PMC 4636963. PMID 26383970.
^ a b Kaiser J (Oct 2015). "Antiaging protein is the real deal, Harvard team claims". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aad4748.
^ a b Andersson O, Reissmann E, Ibáñez CF (August 2006). "Growth differentiation factor 11 signals through the transforming growth factor-beta receptor ALK5 to regionalize the anterior-posterior axis". EMBO Reports. 7 (8): 831–7. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400752. PMC 1525155. PMID 16845371.
^ a b Liu JP (August 2006). "The function of growth/differentiation factor 11 (Gdf11) in rostrocaudal patterning of the developing spinal cord". Development. 133 (15): 2865–74. doi:10.1242/dev.02478. PMID 16790475.
^ McPherron AC, Lawler AM, Lee SJ (July 1999). "Regulation of anterior/posterior patterning of the axial skeleton by growth/differentiation factor 11". Nature Genetics. 22 (3): 260–4. doi:10.1038/10320. PMID 10391213.
^ Wu HH, Ivkovic S, Murray RC, Jaramillo S, Lyons KM, Johnson JE, Calof AL (January 2003). "Autoregulation of neurogenesis by GDF11". Neuron. 37 (2): 197–207. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(02)01172-8. PMID 12546816.
^ Kim J, Wu HH, Lander AD, Lyons KM, Matzuk MM, Calof AL (June 2005). "GDF11 controls the timing of progenitor cell competence in developing retina". Science. 308 (5730): 1927–30. doi:10.1126/science.1110175. PMID 15976303.
^ "GDF11". Genecards.
^ McPherron AC, Lee SJ (November 1997). "Double muscling in cattle due to mutations in the myostatin gene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 94 (23): 12457–61. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.23.12457. PMC 24998. PMID 9356471.
^ Lee SJ, McPherron AC (October 1999). "Myostatin and the control of skeletal muscle mass". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 9 (5): 604–7. doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(99)00004-0. PMID 10508689.
^ Esquela AF, Lee SJ (May 2003). "Regulation of metanephric kidney development by growth/differentiation factor 11". Developmental Biology. 257 (2): 356–70. doi:10.1016/s0012-1606(03)00100-3. PMID 12729564.
^ Dichmann DS, Yassin H, Serup P (November 2006). "Analysis of pancreatic endocrine development in GDF11-deficient mice". Developmental Dynamics. 235 (11): 3016–25. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20953. PMID 16964608.
^ Gamer LW, Cox KA, Small C, Rosen V (January 2001). "Gdf11 is a negative regulator of chondrogenesis and myogenesis in the developing chick limb". Developmental Biology. 229 (2): 407–20. doi:10.1006/dbio.2000.9981. PMID 11203700.
^ Kondás K, Szláma G, Trexler M, Patthy L (August 2008). "Both WFIKKN1 and WFIKKN2 have high affinity for growth and differentiation factors 8 and 11". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283 (35): 23677–84. doi:10.1074/jbc.M803025200. PMC 3259755. PMID 18596030.
^ "WJIKKN2". Geneards. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
^ Elliott BT, Herbert P, Sculthorpe N, Grace FM, Stratton D, Hayes LD (July 2017). "Lifelong exercise, but not short-term high-intensity interval training, increases GDF11, a marker of successful aging: a preliminary investigation". Physiological Reports. 5 (13): e13343. doi:10.14814/phy2.13343. PMC 5506528. PMID 28701523.
^ a b c Walker RG, Poggioli T, Katsimpardi L, Buchanan SM, Oh J, Wattrus S, Heidecker B, Fong YW, Rubin LL, Ganz P, Thompson TB, Wagers AJ, Lee RT (April 2016). "Biochemistry and Biology of GDF11 and Myostatin: Similarities, Differences, and Questions for Future Investigation". Circulation Research. 118 (7): 1125–41, discussion 1142. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308391. PMC 4818972. PMID 27034275.
^ a b c Harper SC, Brack A, MacDonnell S, Franti M, Olwin BB, Bailey BA, Rudnicki MA, Houser SR (April 2016). "Is Growth Differentiation Factor 11 a Realistic Therapeutic for Aging-Dependent Muscle Defects?". Circulation Research. 118 (7): 1143–50, discussion 1150. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.307962. PMC 4829942. PMID 27034276.
^ Hammers DW, Merscham-Banda M, Hsiao JY, Engst S, Hartman JJ, Sweeney HL (April 2017). "Supraphysiological levels of GDF11 induce striated muscle atrophy". EMBO Molecular Medicine. 9 (4): 531–544. doi:10.15252/emmm.201607231. PMC 5376753. PMID 28270449.
Kondás K, Szláma G, Trexler M, Patthy L (August 2008). "Both WFIKKN1 and WFIKKN2 have high affinity for growth and differentiation factors 8 and 11". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283 (35): 23677–84. doi:10.1074/jbc.M803025200. PMC 3259755. PMID 18596030.
Lee SJ, McPherron AC (October 1999). "Myostatin and the control of skeletal muscle mass". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 9 (5): 604–7. doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(99)00004-0. PMID 10508689.
Hocking JC, Hehr CL, Chang RY, Johnston J, McFarlane S (February 2008). "TGFbeta ligands promote the initiation of retinal ganglion cell dendrites in vitro and in vivo". Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences. 37 (2): 247–60. doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2007.09.011. PMID 17997109.
Hannan NR, Jamshidi P, Pera MF, Wolvetang EJ (September 2009). "BMP-11 and myostatin support undifferentiated growth of human embryonic stem cells in feeder-free cultures". Cloning and Stem Cells. 11 (3): 427–35. doi:10.1089/clo.2009.0024. PMID 19751112.
Gamer LW, Wolfman NM, Celeste AJ, Hattersley G, Hewick R, Rosen V (April 1999). "A novel BMP expressed in developing mouse limb, spinal cord, and tail bud is a potent mesoderm inducer in Xenopus embryos". Developmental Biology. 208 (1): 222–32. doi:10.1006/dbio.1998.9191. PMID 10075854.
Yokoe T, Ohmachi T, Inoue H, Mimori K, Tanaka F, Kusunoki M, Mori M (November 2007). "Clinical significance of growth differentiation factor 11 in colorectal cancer". International Journal of Oncology. 31 (5): 1097–101. doi:10.3892/ijo.31.5.1097. PMID 17912435.
Schneyer AL, Sidis Y, Gulati A, Sun JL, Keutmann H, Krasney PA (September 2008). "Differential antagonism of activin, myostatin and growth and differentiation factor 11 by wild-type and mutant follistatin". Endocrinology. 149 (9): 4589–95. doi:10.1210/en.2008-0259. PMC 2553374. PMID 18535106.
McPherron AC, Lawler AM, Lee SJ (July 1999). "Regulation of anterior/posterior patterning of the axial skeleton by growth/differentiation factor 11". Nature Genetics. 22 (3): 260–4. doi:10.1038/10320. PMID 10391213.
Szumska D, Pieles G, Essalmani R, Bilski M, Mesnard D, Kaur K, Franklyn A, El Omari K, Jefferis J, Bentham J, Taylor JM, Schneider JE, Arnold SJ, Johnson P, Tymowska-Lalanne Z, Stammers D, Clarke K, Neubauer S, Morris A, Brown SD, Shaw-Smith C, Cama A, Capra V, Ragoussis J, Constam D, Seidah NG, Prat A, Bhattacharya S (June 2008). "VACTERL/caudal regression/Currarino syndrome-like malformations in mice with mutation in the proprotein convertase Pcsk5". Genes & Development. 22 (11): 1465–77. doi:10.1101/gad.479408. PMC 2418583. PMID 18519639.
GDF11 human gene location in the UCSC Genome Browser.
GDF11 human gene details in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Cell signaling: TGFβ signaling pathway
TGF beta superfamily of ligands
TGF beta family
TGF-β1
BMP2
BMP8a
BMP8b
BMP10
Growth differentiation factors
GDF1
Myostatin/GDF8
Activin and inhibin
Anti-müllerian hormone
Nodal
TGF beta receptors
(Activin, BMP, family)
TGFBR1:
Activin type 1 receptors
ACVR1
ACVR1B
ACVR1C
ACVRL1
BMPR1
BMPR1A
BMPR1B
ACVR2A
AMHR2
betaglycan
Transducers/SMAD
R-SMAD (SMAD1
SMAD2
SMAD9)
I-SMAD (SMAD6
Ligand inhibitors
Chordin
Decorin
LTBP1
PARN
THBS1
Coreceptors
TGFβ receptor superfamily modulators
ALK1 (ACVRL1)
Agonists: Activin (A, B, AB)
Avotermin
BMP (10)
Cetermin
GDF (2 (BMP9))
TGFβ (1, 2, 3)
Antibodies: Ascrinvacumab
Kinase inhibitors: K-02288
ML-347 (LDN-193719, VU0469381)
Decoy receptors: Dalantercept
Other inhibitors: Disitertide
ALK2 (ACVR1A)
AMH (MIS)
BMP (5, 6, 7, 8A, 8B)
Eptotermin alfa
Kinase inhibitors: DMH-1
DMH-2
Dorsomorphin (BML-275)
K-02288
ALK3 (BMPR1A)
Agonists: AMH (MIS)
BMP (2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8A, 8B)
Dibotermin alfa
ALK4 (ACVR1B)
GDF (1, 3, 11 (BMP11))
Myostatin (GDF8)
Antagonists: Inhibin (A, B)
Lefty (1, 2)
Kinase inhibitors: A 83-01
SB-431542
ALK5 (TGFβR1)
Agonists: Avotermin
GDF (10 (BMP3B), 11 (BMP11))
Antibodies: Fresolimumab
Lerdelimumab
Metelimumab
GW-788388
LY-364947
Galunisertib (LY-2157299)
RepSox (E-616452, SJN-2511)
ALK6 (BMPR1B)
Agonists: BMP (2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8A, 8B, 15 (GDF9B))
GDF (5 (BMP14), 6 (BMP13), 7 (BMP12), 9, 15)
Radotermin
ALK7 (ACVR1C)
Agonists: GDF (1, 3, 11 (BMP11))
Antagonists: Lefty (1, 2)
TGFβR2
GDF (10 (BMP3B))
Agonists: BMP (2, 4, 6, 7, 10)
GDF (2 (BMP9), 5 (BMP14), 6 (BMP13), 7 (BMP12))
ACVR2A (ACVR2)
BMP (2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8A, 8B, 15 (GDF9B))
GDF (1, 3, 5 (BMP14), 6 (BMP13), 7 (BMP12), 9, 11 (BMP11), 15)
Decoy receptors: Sotatercept
BMP (2, 4, 6, 7)
GDF (1, 3, 5 (BMP14), 6 (BMP13), 7 (BMP12))
Osteogenin (BMP3, BMP3A)
Decoy receptors: Ramatercept
AMHR2 (AMHR)
TGFβR3 (β-glycan)
Ligands: Avotermin
Inhibin (A, B)
Endogenous antagonists/inhibitors: BAMBI
Cerberus (CER1)
DAN (PARN)
Gremlin (Drm)
Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1)
Tomoregulin 1
Antibodies: Stamulumab (against myostatin)
TRC105 (against endoglin)
Others: Endoglin
Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators
Growth factor receptor modulators
Cytokine receptor modulators
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GDF11&oldid=905357235"
Genes on human chromosome 12
Developmental genes and proteins
TGFβ domain
Aging-related proteins
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(Redirected from The Pink Floyd Sound)
English rock band
Pink Floyd in January 1968, one of the only known photoshoots of all five members. Clockwise from bottom: Gilmour, Mason, Barrett, Waters and Wright.
EMI Columbia
pinkfloyd.com
Nick Mason
Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London in 1965. They achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music. Distinguished by their philosophical lyrics, sonic experimentation, extended compositions, and elaborate live shows, they are one of the most commercially successful and influential groups in popular music history.
Pink Floyd were founded by students Syd Barrett on guitar and lead vocals, Nick Mason on drums, Roger Waters on bass and vocals, and Richard Wright on keyboards and vocals. They gained popularity performing in London's underground music scene during the late 1960s, and under Barrett's leadership released two charting singles and a successful debut album, The Piper at the Gates of Dawn (1967). Guitarist and vocalist David Gilmour joined in December 1967; Barrett left in April 1968 due to deteriorating mental health. Waters became the primary lyricist and conceptual leader, devising the concepts behind their albums The Dark Side of the Moon (1973), Wish You Were Here (1975), Animals (1977), The Wall (1979) and The Final Cut (1983). The Dark Side of the Moon and The Wall became two of the best-selling albums of all time.
Following creative tensions, Wright left Pink Floyd in 1979, followed by Waters in 1985. Gilmour and Mason continued as Pink Floyd, joined later by Wright. The three produced two more albums—A Momentary Lapse of Reason (1987) and The Division Bell (1994)—and toured through 1994. In 2005, after nearly two decades of animosity, Gilmour, Wright, Mason and Waters reunited as part of the global awareness event Live 8; Gilmour and Waters stated they had no further plans to reunite the band. Barrett died in 2006, and Wright in 2008. The last Pink Floyd studio album, The Endless River (2014), was recorded without Waters and based almost entirely on unreleased material from The Division Bell recording sessions.
Pink Floyd were inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. By 2013, they had sold more than 250 million records worldwide.
1.1 1963–1967: Early years
1.1.1 Formation
1.1.2 Signing with EMI
1.1.3 The Piper at the Gates of Dawn
1.2 1967–1978: Transition and international success
1.2.1 Replacement of Barrett by Gilmour
1.2.2 A Saucerful of Secrets
1.2.3 Ummagumma, Atom Heart Mother, and Meddle
1.2.4 The Dark Side of the Moon
1.2.5 Wish You Were Here
1.2.6 Animals
1.3 1978–1985: Waters-led era
1.3.1 The Wall
1.3.2 The Final Cut
1.3.3 "A spent force", Waters' departure and legal battles
1.4 1985–1994: Gilmour-led era
1.4.1 A Momentary Lapse of Reason
1.4.2 The Division Bell
1.5 2005–2016: Reunion, deaths, and The Endless River
1.5.1 Live 8 reunion
1.5.2 Deaths of Barrett and Wright
1.5.3 Further performances and re-releases
1.5.4 The Endless River
2 Musicianship
2.1 Genres
2.2 Gilmour's guitar work
2.3 Sonic experimentation
2.4 Film scores
2.5 Live performances
3 Lyrical themes
3.1 Disillusionment, absence, and non-being
3.2 Exploitation and oppression
3.3 Alienation, war, and insanity
4 Legacy
11.1 Documentaries
1963–1967: Early years
Roger Waters and Nick Mason met while studying architecture at the London Polytechnic at Regent Street.[1] They first played music together in a group formed by Keith Noble and Clive Metcalfe with Noble's sister Sheilagh. Richard Wright, a fellow architecture student,[nb 1] joined later that year, and the group became a sextet, Sigma 6. Waters played lead guitar, Mason drums, and Wright rhythm guitar (since there was rarely an available keyboard).[3] The band performed at private functions and rehearsed in a tearoom in the basement of the Regent Street Polytechnic. They performed songs by the Searchers and material written by their manager and songwriter, fellow student Ken Chapman.[4]
In September 1963, Waters and Mason moved into a flat at 39 Stanhope Gardens near Crouch End in London, owned by Mike Leonard, a part-time tutor at the nearby Hornsey College of Art and the Regent Street Polytechnic.[5][nb 2] Mason moved out after the 1964 academic year, and guitarist Bob Klose moved in during September 1964, prompting Waters' switch to bass.[6][nb 3] Sigma 6 went through several names, including the Meggadeaths, the Abdabs and the Screaming Abdabs, Leonard's Lodgers, and the Spectrum Five, before settling on the Tea Set.[7][nb 4] In 1964, as Metcalfe and Noble left to form their own band, guitarist Syd Barrett joined Klose and Waters at Stanhope Gardens.[11] Barrett, two years younger, had moved to London in 1962 to study at the Camberwell College of Arts.[12] Waters and Barrett were childhood friends; Waters had often visited Barrett and watched him play guitar at Barrett's mother's house.[13] Mason said about Barrett: "In a period when everyone was being cool in a very adolescent, self-conscious way, Syd was unfashionably outgoing; my enduring memory of our first encounter is the fact that he bothered to come up and introduce himself to me."[14]
Noble and Metcalfe left the Tea Set in late 1963, and Klose introduced the band to singer Chris Dennis, a technician with the Royal Air Force (RAF).[15] In December 1964, they secured their first recording time, at a studio in West Hampstead, through one of Wright's friends, who let them use some down time free. Wright, who was taking a break from his studies, did not participate in the session.[16][nb 5] When the RAF assigned Dennis a post in Bahrain in early 1965, Barrett became the band's frontman.[17][nb 6] Later that year, they became the resident band at the Countdown Club near Kensington High Street in London, where from late night until early morning they played three sets of 90 minutes each. During this period, spurred by the group's need to extend their sets to minimise song repetition, the band realised that "songs could be extended with lengthy solos", wrote Mason.[18] After pressure from his parents and advice from his college tutors, Klose quit the band in mid-1965 and Barrett took over lead guitar.[19] The group first referred to themselves as the Pink Floyd Sound in late 1965. Barrett created the name on the spur of the moment when he discovered that another band, also called the Tea Set, were to perform at one of their gigs.[20] The name is derived from the given names of two blues musicians whose Piedmont blues records Barrett had in his collection, Pink Anderson and Floyd Council.[21]
By 1966, the group's repertoire consisted mainly of rhythm and blues songs and they had begun to receive paid bookings, including a performance at the Marquee Club in March 1966, where Peter Jenner, a lecturer at the London School of Economics, noticed them. Jenner was impressed by the sonic effects Barrett and Wright created, and with his business partner and friend Andrew King became their manager.[22] The pair had little experience in the music industry and used King's inheritance to set up Blackhill Enterprises, purchasing about £1,000 (equivalent to £18,300 in 2018[23]) worth of new instruments and equipment for the band.[nb 7] It was around this time that Jenner suggested they drop the "Sound" part of their band name, thus becoming the Pink Floyd.[25] Under Jenner and King's guidance, the group became part of London's underground music scene, playing at venues including All Saints Hall and the Marquee.[26] While performing at the Countdown Club, the band had experimented with long instrumental excursions, and they began to expand them with rudimentary but effective light shows, projected by coloured slides and domestic lights.[27] Jenner and King's social connections helped gain the band prominent coverage in the Financial Times and an article in the Sunday Times which stated: "At the launching of the new magazine IT the other night a pop group called the Pink Floyd played throbbing music while a series of bizarre coloured shapes flashed on a huge screen behind them ... apparently very psychedelic."[28]
In 1966, the band strengthened their business relationship with Blackhill Enterprises, becoming equal partners with Jenner and King and the band members each holding a one-sixth share.[25] By late 1966, their set included fewer R&B standards and more Barrett originals, many of which would be included on their first album.[29] While they had significantly increased the frequency of their performances, the band were still not widely accepted. Following a performance at a Catholic youth club, the owner refused to pay them, claiming that their performance was not music.[30] When their management filed suit in a small claims court against the owner of the youth organisation, a local magistrate upheld the owner's decision. The band was much better received at the UFO Club in London, where they began to build a fan base.[31] Barrett's performances were enthusiastic, "leaping around ... madness ... improvisation ... [inspired] to get past his limitations and into areas that were ... very interesting. Which none of the others could do", wrote biographer Nicholas Schaffner.[32]
Signing with EMI
In 1967, Pink Floyd began to attract the attention of the music industry.[33][nb 8] While in negotiations with record companies, IT co-founder and UFO club manager Joe Boyd and Pink Floyd's booking agent Bryan Morrison arranged and funded a recording session at Sound Techniques in West Hampstead. Three days later, Pink Floyd signed with EMI, receiving a £5,000 advance (equivalent to £89,100 in 2018[23]). EMI released the band's first single, "Arnold Layne", with the B-side "Candy and a Currant Bun", on 10 March 1967 on its Columbia label.[35][nb 9] Both tracks were recorded on 29 January 1967.[36][nb 10] "Arnold Layne"'s references to cross-dressing led to a ban by several radio stations; however, creative manipulation by the retailers who supplied sales figures to the music business meant that the single peaked in the UK at number 20.[38]
EMI-Columbia released Pink Floyd's second single, "See Emily Play", on 16 June 1967. It fared slightly better than "Arnold Layne", peaking at number 6 in the UK.[39] The band performed on the BBC's Look of the Week, where Waters and Barrett, erudite and engaging, faced tough questioning from Hans Keller.[40] They appeared on the BBC's Top of the Pops, a popular programme that controversially required artists to mime their singing and playing.[41] Though Pink Floyd returned for two more performances, by the third, Barrett had begun to unravel, and it was around this time that the band first noticed significant changes in his behaviour.[42] By early 1967, he was regularly using LSD, and Mason described him as "completely distanced from everything going on".[43]
The Piper at the Gates of Dawn
Main article: The Piper at the Gates of Dawn
Morrison and EMI producer Norman Smith negotiated Pink Floyd's first recording contract, and as part of the deal, the band agreed to record their first album at EMI Studios in London.[44][nb 11] Mason recalled that the sessions were trouble-free. Smith disagreed, stating that Barrett was unresponsive to his suggestions and constructive criticism.[46] EMI-Columbia released The Piper at the Gates of Dawn in August 1967. The album peaked at number 6, spending 14 weeks on the UK charts.[47] One month later, it was released under the Tower Records label.[48] Pink Floyd continued to draw large crowds at the UFO Club; however, Barrett's mental breakdown was by then causing serious concern. The group initially hoped that his erratic behaviour would be a passing phase, but some were less optimistic, including Jenner and his assistant, June Child, who commented: "I found [Barrett] in the dressing room and he was so ... gone. Roger Waters and I got him on his feet, [and] we got him out to the stage ... The band started to play and Syd just stood there. He had his guitar around his neck and his arms just hanging down".[49]
Forced to cancel Pink Floyd's appearance at the prestigious National Jazz and Blues Festival, as well as several other shows, King informed the music press that Barrett was suffering from nervous exhaustion.[50] Waters arranged a meeting with psychiatrist R. D. Laing, and though Waters personally drove Barrett to the appointment, Barrett refused to come out of the car.[51] A stay in Formentera with Sam Hutt, a doctor well established in the underground music scene, led to no visible improvement. The band followed a few concert dates in Europe during September with their first tour of the US in October.[52][nb 12] As the US tour went on, Barrett's condition grew steadily worse.[54] During appearances on the Dick Clark and Pat Boone shows in November, Barrett confounded his hosts by not responding to questions and staring off into space. He refused to move his lips when it came time to mime "See Emily Play" on Boone's show. After these embarrassing episodes, King ended their US visit and immediately sent them home to London.[55][nb 13] Soon after their return, they supported Jimi Hendrix during a tour of England; however, Barrett's depression worsened as the tour continued, reaching a crisis point in December, when the band responded by adding a new member to their line-up.[57][nb 14]
1967–1978: Transition and international success
Replacement of Barrett by Gilmour
In December 1967, the group added guitarist David Gilmour as the fifth member of Pink Floyd.[60][nb 15] Gilmour already knew Barrett, having studied with him at Cambridge Tech in the early 1960s.[13] The two had performed at lunchtimes together with guitars and harmonicas, and later hitch-hiked and busked their way around the south of France.[62] In 1965, while a member of Joker's Wild, Gilmour had watched the Tea Set.[63] Morrison's assistant, Steve O'Rourke, set Gilmour up in a room at O'Rourke's house with a salary of £30 per week (equivalent to £500 in 2018[23]), and in January 1968, Blackhill Enterprises announced Gilmour as the band's newest member; the second guitarist and its fifth member, the band intending to continue with Barrett as a nonperforming songwriter.[64] Jenner commented: "The idea was that Dave would ... cover for [Barrett's] eccentricities and when that got to be not workable, Syd was just going to write. Just to try to keep him involved".[65][nb 16] In an expression of his frustration, Barrett, who was expected to write additional hit singles to follow up "Arnold Layne" and "See Emily Play", instead introduced "Have You Got It Yet?" to the band, intentionally changing the structure on each performance so as to make the song impossible to follow and learn.[60] In a January 1968 photo-shoot of the five-man Pink Floyd, the photographs show Barrett looking detached from the others, staring into the distance.[67]
Working with Barrett eventually proved too difficult, and matters came to a conclusion in January while en route to a performance in Southampton when a band member asked if they should collect Barrett. According to Gilmour, the answer was "Nah, let's not bother", signalling the end of Barrett's tenure with Pink Floyd.[68][nb 17] Waters later admitted, "He was our friend, but most of the time we now wanted to strangle him".[70] In early March 1968, Pink Floyd met with business partners Jenner and King to discuss the band's future; Barrett agreed to leave.[71]
Jenner and King believed Barrett to be the creative genius of the band, and decided to represent him and end their relationship with Pink Floyd.[72] Morrison then sold his business to NEMS Enterprises, and O'Rourke became the band's personal manager.[73] Blackhill announced Barrett's departure on 6 April 1968.[74][nb 18] After Barrett's departure, the burden of lyrical composition and creative direction fell mostly on Waters.[76] Initially, Gilmour mimed to Barrett's voice on the group's European TV appearances; however, while playing on the university circuit, they avoided Barrett songs in favour of Waters and Wright material such as "It Would Be So Nice" and "Careful with That Axe, Eugene".[77]
Main article: A Saucerful of Secrets
The psychedelic artwork for A Saucerful of Secrets was the first of many Pink Floyd covers designed by Hipgnosis
In 1968, Pink Floyd returned to Abbey Road Studios to record their second album, A Saucerful of Secrets. The album included Barrett's final contribution to their discography, "Jugband Blues". Waters began to develop his own songwriting, contributing "Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun", "Let There Be More Light" and "Corporal Clegg". Wright composed "See-Saw" and "Remember a Day". Norman Smith encouraged them to self-produce their music, and they recorded demos of new material at their houses. With Smith's instruction at Abbey Road, they learned how to use the recording studio to realise their artistic vision. However, Smith remained unconvinced by their music, and when Mason struggled to perform his drum part on "Remember a Day", Smith stepped in as his replacement.[78] Wright recalled Smith's attitude about the sessions, "Norman gave up on the second album ... he was forever saying things like, 'You can't do twenty minutes of this ridiculous noise'".[79] As neither Waters nor Mason could read music, to illustrate the structure of the album's title track, they invented their own system of notation. Gilmour later described their method as looking "like an architectural diagram".[80]
Released in June 1968, the album featured a psychedelic cover designed by Storm Thorgerson and Aubrey Powell of Hipgnosis. The first of several Pink Floyd album covers designed by Hipgnosis, it was the second time that EMI permitted one of their groups to contract designers for an album jacket.[81] The release peaked at number 9, spending 11 weeks on the UK chart.[47] Record Mirror gave the album an overall favourable review, but urged listeners to "forget it as background music to a party".[80] John Peel described a live performance of the title track as "like a religious experience", while NME described the song as "long and boring ... [with] little to warrant its monotonous direction".[79][nb 19] On the day after the album's UK release, Pink Floyd performed at the first ever free concert in Hyde Park.[83] In July 1968, they returned to the US for a second visit. Accompanied by the Soft Machine and the Who, it marked Pink Floyd's first significant tour.[84] In December of that year, they released "Point Me at the Sky"; no more successful than the two singles they had released since "See Emily Play", it would be the band's last until their 1973 release, "Money".[85]
Ummagumma, Atom Heart Mother, and Meddle
Main articles: Ummagumma, Atom Heart Mother, and Meddle
Waters performing with Pink Floyd at Leeds University in 1970
Ummagumma represented a departure from their previous work. Released as a double-LP on EMI's Harvest label, the first two sides contained live performances recorded at Manchester College of Commerce and Mothers, a club in Birmingham. The second LP contained a single experimental contribution from each band member.[86] Ummagumma received positive reviews upon its release, in November 1969.[87] The album peaked at number 5, spending 21 weeks on the UK chart.[47]
In October 1970, Pink Floyd released Atom Heart Mother.[88][nb 20] An early version premièred in France in January, but disagreements over the mix prompted the hiring of Ron Geesin to work out the sound problems. Geesin worked to improve the score, but with little creative input from the band, production was troublesome. Geesin eventually completed the project with the aid of John Alldis, who was the director of the choir hired to perform on the record. Smith earned an executive producer credit, and the album marked his final official contribution to the band's discography. Gilmour said it was "A neat way of saying that he didn't ... do anything".[90] Waters was critical of Atom Heart Mother, claiming that he would prefer if it were "thrown into the dustbin and never listened to by anyone ever again".[91] Gilmour was equally dismissive of the album and once described it as "a load of rubbish", stating: "I think we were scraping the barrel a bit at that period".[91] Pink Floyd's first number 1 album, Atom Heart Mother was hugely successful in Britain, spending 18 weeks on the UK chart.[47] It premièred at the Bath Festival on 27 June 1970.[92]
Pink Floyd toured extensively across America and Europe in 1970.[93][nb 21] In 1971, Pink Floyd took second place in a reader's poll, in Melody Maker, and for the first time were making a profit. Mason and Wright became fathers and bought homes in London while Gilmour, still single, moved to a 19th-century farm in Essex. Waters installed a home recording studio at his house in Islington in a converted toolshed at the back of his garden.[94] In January 1971, upon their return from touring Atom Heart Mother, Pink Floyd began working on new material.[95] Lacking a central theme, they attempted several unproductive experiments; engineer John Leckie described the sessions as often beginning in the afternoon and ending early the next morning, "during which time nothing would get [accomplished]. There was no record company contact whatsoever, except when their label manager would show up now and again with a couple of bottles of wine and a couple of joints".[96] The band spent long periods working on basic sounds, or a guitar riff. They also spent several days at Air Studios, attempting to create music using a variety of household objects, a project which would be revisited between The Dark Side of the Moon and Wish You Were Here.[97]
Released in October 1971, "Meddle not only confirms lead guitarist David Gilmour's emergence as a real shaping force with the group, it states forcefully and accurately that the group is well into the growth track again", wrote Jean-Charles Costa of Rolling Stone.[98][nb 22][nb 23] NME called Meddle "an exceptionally good album", singling out "Echoes" as the "Zenith which the Floyd have been striving for".[102] However, Melody Maker's Michael Watts found it underwhelming, calling the album "a soundtrack to a non-existent movie", and shrugging off Pink Floyd as "so much sound and fury, signifying nothing".[103] Meddle is a transitional album between the Barrett-influenced group of the late 1960s and the emerging Pink Floyd.[104] The LP peaked at number 3, spending 82 weeks on the UK chart.[47]
Main article: The Dark Side of the Moon
The iconic artwork for The Dark Side of the Moon was designed by Hipgnosis and George Hardie.
Pink Floyd recorded The Dark Side of the Moon between May 1972 and January 1973 with EMI staff engineer Alan Parsons at Abbey Road. The title is an allusion to lunacy rather than astronomy.[105] The band had composed and refined the material while touring the UK, Japan, North America and Europe.[106] Producer Chris Thomas assisted Parsons.[107] Hipgnosis designed the packaging, which included George Hardie's iconic refracting prism design on the cover.[108] Thorgerson's cover features a beam of white light, representing unity, passing through a prism, which represents society. The refracted beam of coloured light symbolises unity diffracted, leaving an absence of unity.[109] Waters is the sole author of the lyrics.[110]
Pink Floyd performing on their early 1973 US tour, shortly before the release of The Dark Side of the Moon
Released in March 1973, the LP became an instant chart success in the UK and throughout Western Europe, earning an enthusiastic response from critics.[111] Each member of Pink Floyd except Wright boycotted the press release of The Dark Side of the Moon because a quadraphonic mix had not yet been completed, and they felt presenting the album through a poor-quality stereo PA system was insufficient.[112] Melody Maker's Roy Hollingworth described side one as "utterly confused ... [and] difficult to follow", but praised side two, writing: "The songs, the sounds ... [and] the rhythms were solid ... [the] saxophone hit the air, the band rocked and rolled".[113] Rolling Stone's Loyd Grossman described it as "a fine album with a textural and conceptual richness that not only invites, but demands involvement."[114]
Throughout March 1973, The Dark Side of the Moon featured as part of Pink Floyd's US tour.[115] The album is one of the most commercially successful rock albums of all time; a US number 1, it remained on the Billboard chart for more than fourteen years, selling more than 45 million copies worldwide.[116] In Britain, the album peaked at number 2, spending 364 weeks on the UK chart.[47] Dark Side is the world's third best-selling album, and the twenty-first best-selling album of all time in the US.[117] [118] The success of the album brought enormous wealth to the members of Pink Floyd. Waters and Wright bought large country houses while Mason became a collector of expensive cars.[119] Disenchanted with their US record company, Capitol Records, Pink Floyd and O'Rourke negotiated a new contract with Columbia Records, who gave them a reported advance of $1,000,000 (US$5,080,297 in 2018 dollars)[120]. In Europe, they continued to be represented by Harvest Records.[121]
Main article: Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd album)
After a tour of the UK performing Dark Side, Pink Floyd returned to the studio in January 1975 and began work on their ninth studio album, Wish You Were Here.[122] Parsons declined an offer to continue working with them, becoming successful in his own right with the Alan Parsons Project, and so the band turned to Brian Humphries.[123] Initially, they found it difficult to compose new material; the success of The Dark Side of the Moon had left Pink Floyd physically and emotionally drained. Wright later described these early sessions as "falling within a difficult period" and Waters found them "tortuous".[124] Gilmour was more interested in improving the band's existing material. Mason's failing marriage left him in a general malaise and with a sense of apathy, both of which interfered with his drumming.[124]
Despite the lack of creative direction, Waters began to visualise a new concept after several weeks.[124] During 1974, Pink Floyd had sketched out three original compositions and had performed them at a series of concerts in Europe.[125] These compositions became the starting point for a new album whose opening four-note guitar phrase, composed purely by chance by Gilmour, reminded Waters of Barrett.[126] The songs provided a fitting summary of the rise and fall of their former bandmate.[127] Waters commented: "Because I wanted to get as close as possible to what I felt ... [that] indefinable, inevitable melancholy about the disappearance of Syd."[128]
While Pink Floyd were working on the album, Barrett made an impromptu visit to the studio. Thorgerson recalled that he "sat round and talked for a bit, but he wasn't really there".[129] He had changed significantly in appearance, so much so that the band did not initially recognise him. Waters was reportedly deeply upset by the experience.[130][nb 24] Most of Wish You Were Here premiered on 5 July 1975, at an open-air music festival at Knebworth. Released in September, it reached number one in both the UK and the US.[132]
Main article: Animals (Pink Floyd album)
Battersea Power Station is featured in the cover image for Animals
In 1975, Pink Floyd bought a three-storey group of church halls at 35 Britannia Row in Islington and began converting the building into a recording studio and storage space.[133] In 1976, they recorded their tenth album, Animals, in their newly finished 24-track studio.[134] The concept of Animals originated with Waters, loosely based on George Orwell's political fable, Animal Farm. The album's lyrics described different classes of society as dogs, pigs, and sheep.[135][nb 25] Hipgnosis received credit for the packaging of Animals; however, Waters designed the final concept, choosing an image of the ageing Battersea Power Station, over which they superimposed an image of a pig.[137][nb 26]
The division of royalties was a source of conflict between band members, who earned royalties on a per-song basis. Although Gilmour was largely responsible for "Dogs", which took up almost the entire first side of the album, he received less than Waters, who contributed the much shorter two-part "Pigs on the Wing".[140] Wright commented: "It was partly my fault because I didn't push my material ... but Dave did have something to offer, and only managed to get a couple of things on there."[141] Mason recalled: "Roger was in full flow with the ideas, but he was really keeping Dave down, and frustrating him deliberately."[141][nb 27] Gilmour, distracted by the birth of his first child, contributed little else toward the album. Similarly, neither Mason nor Wright contributed much toward Animals; Wright had marital problems, and his relationship with Waters was also suffering.[143] Animals is the first Pink Floyd album that does not include a writing credit for Wright, who commented: "Animals ... wasn't a fun record to make ... this was when Roger really started to believe that he was the sole writer for the band ... that it was only because of him that [we] were still going ... when he started to develop his ego trips, the person he would have his conflicts with would be me."[143]
Released in January 1977, the album peaked on the UK chart at number two, and the US chart at number three.[144] NME described the album as "one of the most extreme, relentless, harrowing and downright iconoclastic hunks of music", and Melody Maker's Karl Dallas called it "[an] uncomfortable taste of reality in a medium that has become in recent years, increasingly soporific".[145]
Pink Floyd performed much of the album's material during their "In the Flesh" tour. It was the band's first experience playing large stadiums, whose size caused unease in the band.[146] Waters began arriving at each venue alone, departing immediately after the performance. On one occasion, Wright flew back to England, threatening to leave the band.[147] At the Montreal Olympic Stadium, a group of noisy and enthusiastic fans in the front row of the audience irritated Waters so much that he spat at one of them.[148][nb 28] The end of the tour marked a low point for Gilmour, who felt that the band achieved the success they had sought, with nothing left for them to accomplish.[149]
1978–1985: Waters-led era
Main articles: The Wall and Pink Floyd – The Wall
In July 1978, amid a financial crisis caused by negligent investments, Waters presented the group with two original ideas for their next album. The first was a 90-minute demo with the working title Bricks in the Wall, and the other would later become Waters' first solo album, The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking. Although both Mason and Gilmour were initially cautious, they chose the former to be their next album.[150][nb 29] Bob Ezrin co-produced, and he wrote a forty-page script for the new album.[152] Ezrin based the story on the central figure of Pink—a gestalt character inspired by Waters' childhood experiences, the most notable of which was the death of his father in World War II. This first metaphorical brick led to more problems; Pink would become drug-addled and depressed by the music industry, eventually transforming into a megalomaniac, a development inspired partly by the decline of Syd Barrett. At the end of the album, the increasingly fascist audience would watch as Pink tore down the wall, once again becoming a regular and caring person.[153][nb 30]
During the recording of The Wall, Waters, Gilmour and Mason became increasingly dissatisfied with Wright's lack of contribution to the album.[156] Gilmour said that Wright "hadn't contributed anything of any value whatsoever to the album—he did very, very little" and this was why he "got the boot".[157] According to Mason, "Rick's contribution was to turn up and sit in on the sessions without doing anything, just 'being a producer'."[158] Waters commented: "[Wright] was not prepared to cooperate in making the record ... [and] it was agreed by everybody ... either [he] can have a long battle or [he] can agree to ... finish making the album, keep [his] full share ... but at the end of it [he would] leave quietly. Rick agreed."[159][nb 31]
The album was supported by "Another Brick in the Wall (Part II)", which topped the charts in the US and the UK; it was Pink Floyd's first single since "Money".[162] The Wall was released on 30 November 1979 and topped the Billboard chart in the US for fifteen weeks, reaching number three in the UK.[163] The Wall ranks number three on the RIAA's list of the all-time Top 100 albums, with 23 million certified units sold in the US.[164] The cover, with a stark brick wall and band name, was the first Pink Floyd album cover since The Piper at the Gates of Dawn not designed by Hipgnosis.[165]
Gerald Scarfe produced a series of animations for the subsequent live shows, The Wall Tour. He also commissioned the construction of large inflatable puppets representing characters from the storyline including the "Mother", the "Ex-wife" and the "Schoolmaster". Pink Floyd used the puppets during their performances of the album.[166] Relationships within the band were at an all-time low; their four Winnebagos parked in a circle, the doors facing away from the centre. Waters used his own vehicle to arrive at the venue and stayed in different hotels from the rest of the band. Wright returned as a paid musician and was the only one of the four to profit from the venture, which lost about $600,000 (US$1,653,514 in 2018 dollars[120]).[167]
The Wall concept also spawned a film, the original idea for which was to be a combination of live concert footage and animated scenes. However, the concert footage proved impractical to film. Alan Parker agreed to direct and took a different approach. The animated sequences would remain, but scenes would be acted by professional actors with no dialogue. Waters was screen-tested, but quickly discarded and they asked Bob Geldof to accept the role of Pink. Geldof was initially dismissive, condemning The Wall's storyline as "bollocks".[168] Eventually won over by the prospect of participation in a significant film and receiving a large payment for his work, Geldof agreed.[169][nb 32] Screened at the Cannes Film Festival in May 1982, Pink Floyd – The Wall premièred in the UK in July 1982.[170][nb 33]
Main article: The Final Cut (album)
In 1982, Waters suggested a new musical project with the working title Spare Bricks, originally conceived as the soundtrack album for Pink Floyd – The Wall. With the onset of the Falklands War, Waters changed direction and began writing new material. He saw Margaret Thatcher's response to the invasion of the Falklands as jingoistic and unnecessary, and dedicated the album to his late father. Immediately arguments arose between Waters and Gilmour, who felt that the album should include all new material, rather than recycle songs passed over for The Wall. Waters felt that Gilmour had contributed little to the band's lyrical repertoire.[171] Michael Kamen, a contributor to the orchestral arrangements of The Wall, mediated between the two, also performing the role traditionally occupied by the then-absent Wright.[172][nb 34] The tension within the band grew. Waters and Gilmour worked independently; however, Gilmour began to feel the strain, sometimes barely maintaining his composure. After a final confrontation, Gilmour's name disappeared from the credit list, reflecting what Waters felt was his lack of songwriting contributions.[174][nb 35]
Though Mason's musical contributions were minimal, he stayed busy recording sound effects for an experimental Holophonic system to be used on the album. With marital problems of his own, he remained a distant figure. Pink Floyd did not use Thorgerson for the cover design, Waters choosing to design the cover himself.[175][nb 36] Released in March 1983, The Final Cut went straight to number one in the UK and number six in the US.[176] Waters wrote all the lyrics, as well as all the music on the album.[177] Gilmour did not have any material ready for the album and asked Waters to delay the recording until he could write some songs, but Waters refused.[178] Gilmour later commented: "I'm certainly guilty at times of being lazy ... but he wasn't right about wanting to put some duff tracks on The Final Cut."[178][nb 37] Rolling Stone magazine gave the album five stars, with Kurt Loder calling it "a superlative achievement ... art rock's crowning masterpiece".[180][nb 38] Loder viewed The Final Cut as "essentially a Roger Waters solo album".[182]
"A spent force", Waters' departure and legal battles
Gilmour recorded his second solo album, About Face, in 1984, and used it to express his feelings about a variety of topics, from the murder of John Lennon to his relationship with Waters. He later stated that he used the album to distance himself from Pink Floyd. Soon afterwards, Waters began touring his first solo album, The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking.[183] Wright formed Zee with Dave Harris and recorded Identity, which went almost unnoticed upon its release.[184][nb 39] Mason released his second solo album, Profiles, in August 1985.[185]
Following the release of The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking, Waters publicly insisted that Pink Floyd would not reunite. He contacted O'Rourke to discuss settling future royalty payments. O'Rourke felt obliged to inform Mason and Gilmour, which angered Waters, who wanted to dismiss him as the band's manager. He terminated his management contract with O'Rourke and employed Peter Rudge to manage his affairs.[185][nb 40] Waters wrote to EMI and Columbia announcing he had left the band, and asked them to release him from his contractual obligations. Gilmour believed that Waters left to hasten the demise of Pink Floyd. Waters later stated that, by not making new albums, Pink Floyd would be in breach of contract—which would suggest that royalty payments would be suspended—and that the other band members had forced him from the group by threatening to sue him. He then went to the High Court in an effort to dissolve the band and prevent the use of the Pink Floyd name, declaring Pink Floyd "a spent force creatively."[187] When his lawyers discovered that the partnership had never been formally confirmed, Waters returned to the High Court in an attempt to obtain a veto over further use of the band's name. Gilmour responded by issuing a carefully worded press release affirming that Pink Floyd would continue to exist. He later told The Sunday Times: "Roger is a dog in the manger and I'm going to fight him."[188] In 2013, Waters said he had failed to appreciate that the Pink Floyd name had commercial value independent of the band members, and was wrong to have attempted to stop the others using it.[189]
1985–1994: Gilmour-led era
A Momentary Lapse of Reason
Main article: A Momentary Lapse of Reason
The Astoria recording studio
In 1986, Gilmour began recruiting musicians for what would become Pink Floyd's first album without Waters, A Momentary Lapse of Reason.[190][nb 41] There were legal obstacles to Wright's re-admittance to the band, but after a meeting in Hampstead, Pink Floyd invited Wright to participate in the coming sessions.[191] Gilmour later stated that Wright's presence "would make us stronger legally and musically", and Pink Floyd employed him as a musician with weekly earnings of $11,000.[192] Recording sessions began on Gilmour's houseboat, the Astoria, moored along the River Thames.[193][nb 42] Gilmour worked with several songwriters, including Eric Stewart and Roger McGough, eventually choosing Anthony Moore to write the album's lyrics.[195] Gilmour would later admit that the project was difficult without Waters' creative direction.[196] Mason, concerned that he was too out-of-practice to perform on the album, made use of session musicians to complete many of the drum parts. He instead busied himself with the album's sound effects.[197][nb 43]
A Momentary Lapse of Reason was released in September 1987. Storm Thorgerson, whose creative input was absent from The Wall and The Final Cut, designed the album cover.[200] To drive home that Waters had left the band, they included a group photograph on the inside cover, the first since Meddle.[201][nb 44] The album went straight to number three in the UK and the US.[203] Waters commented: "I think it's facile, but a quite clever forgery ... The songs are poor in general ... [and] Gilmour's lyrics are third-rate."[204] Although Gilmour initially viewed the album as a return to the band's top form, Wright disagreed, stating: "Roger's criticisms are fair. It's not a band album at all."[205] Q Magazine described the album as essentially a Gilmour solo album.[206]
Waters attempted to subvert the Momentary Lapse of Reason tour by contacting promoters in the US and threatening to sue them if they used the Pink Floyd name. Gilmour and Mason funded the start-up costs with Mason using his Ferrari 250 GTO as collateral.[207] Early rehearsals for the upcoming tour were chaotic, with Mason and Wright entirely out of practice. Realising he had taken on too much work, Gilmour asked Ezrin to assist them. As Pink Floyd toured North America, Waters' Radio K.A.O.S. tour was on occasion, close by, though in much smaller venues than those hosting his former band's performances. Waters issued a writ for copyright fees for the band's use of the flying pig. Pink Floyd responded by attaching a large set of male genitalia to its underside to distinguish it from Waters' design.[208] The parties reached a legal agreement on 23 December; Mason and Gilmour retained the right to use the Pink Floyd name in perpetuity and Waters received exclusive rights to, among other things, The Wall.[209]
The Division Bell
Main article: The Division Bell
The album artwork for The Division Bell, designed by Storm Thorgerson, was intended to represent the absence of Barrett and Waters from the band.
For several years Pink Floyd had busied themselves with personal pursuits, such as filming and competing in the La Carrera Panamericana and recording a soundtrack for a film based on the event.[210][nb 45] In January 1993, they began working on a new album, returning to Britannia Row Studios, where for several days, Gilmour, Mason and Wright worked collaboratively, improvising material. After about two weeks, the band had enough ideas to begin creating songs. Ezrin returned to co-produce the album and production moved to the Astoria, where from February to May 1993, they worked on about 25 ideas.[212]
Contractually, Wright was not a member of the band, and said "It came close to a point where I wasn't going to do the album."[213] However, he earned five co-writing credits on the album, his first on a Pink Floyd album since 1975's Wish You Were Here.[213] Another songwriter credited on the album was Gilmour's future wife, Polly Samson. She helped him write several tracks, including, "High Hopes", a collaborative arrangement which, though initially tense, "pulled the whole album together," according to Ezrin.[214] They hired Michael Kamen to arrange the album's orchestral parts; Dick Parry and Chris Thomas also returned.[215] Writer Douglas Adams provided the album title and Thorgerson the cover artwork.[216][nb 46] Thorgerson drew inspiration for the album cover from the Moai monoliths of Easter Island; two opposing faces forming an implied third face about which he commented: "the absent face—the ghost of Pink Floyd's past, Syd and Roger".[218] Eager to avoid competing against other album releases, as had happened with A Momentary Lapse, Pink Floyd set a deadline of April 1994, at which point they would resume touring.[219] The album reached number 1 in both the UK and the US.[118] It spent 51 weeks on the UK chart.[47]
Pink Floyd spent more than two weeks rehearsing in a hangar at Norton Air Force Base in San Bernardino, California, before opening on 29 March 1994, in Miami, with an almost identical road crew to that used for their Momentary Lapse of Reason tour.[220] They played a variety of Pink Floyd favourites, and later changed their setlist to include The Dark Side of the Moon in its entirety.[221][nb 47] The tour, Pink Floyd's last, ended on 29 October 1994.[222][nb 48]
2005–2016: Reunion, deaths, and The Endless River
Live 8 reunion
Waters (right) rejoined his former bandmates at Live 8.
On 2 July 2005, Waters, Gilmour, Mason and Wright performed together as Pink Floyd for the first time in more than 24 years, at the Live 8 concert in Hyde Park, London.[224] The reunion was arranged by Live 8 organiser Bob Geldof; after Gilmour declined the offer, Geldof asked Mason, who contacted Waters. About two weeks later, Waters called Gilmour, their first conversation in two years, and the next day Gilmour agreed. In a statement to the press, the band stressed the unimportance of their problems in the context of the Live 8 event.[112]
They planned their setlist at the Connaught Hotel in London, followed by three days of rehearsals at Black Island Studios.[112] The sessions were problematic, with disagreements over the style and pace of the songs they were practising; the running order was decided on the eve of the event.[225] At the beginning of their performance of "Wish You Were Here", Waters told the audience: "[It is] quite emotional, standing up here with these three guys after all these years, standing to be counted with the rest of you ... we're doing this for everyone who's not here, and particularly of course for Syd."[226] At the end, Gilmour thanked the audience and started to walk off the stage. Waters called him back, and the band shared a group hug. Images of the hug were a favourite among Sunday newspapers after Live 8.[227][nb 49] Waters said of their almost 20 years of animosity: "I don't think any of us came out of the years from 1985 with any credit ... It was a bad, negative time, and I regret my part in that negativity."[229]
Though Pink Floyd turned down a contract worth £136 million for a final tour, Waters did not rule out more performances, suggesting it ought to be for a charity event only.[227] However, Gilmour told the Associated Press that a reunion would not happen: "The [Live 8] rehearsals convinced me [that] it wasn't something I wanted to be doing a lot of ... There have been all sorts of farewell moments in people's lives and careers which they have then rescinded, but I think I can fairly categorically say that there won't be a tour or an album again that I take part in. It isn't to do with animosity or anything like that. It's just ... I've been there, I've done it."[230] In February 2006, Gilmour was interviewed by Gino Castaldo from the Italian newspaper La Repubblica, which declared: "Patience for fans in mourning. The news is official. Pink Floyd the brand is dissolved, finished, definitely deceased."[231] Asked about the future of Pink Floyd, Gilmour responded: "It's over ... I've had enough. I'm 60 years old ... it is much more comfortable to work on my own."[231] Gilmour and Waters repeatedly said that they had no plans to reunite with the former members.[232][nb 50]
Deaths of Barrett and Wright
Barrett died on 7 July 2006, at his home in Cambridge, aged 60.[234] His funeral was held at Cambridge Crematorium on 18 July 2006; no Pink Floyd members attended. Wright commented: "The band are very naturally upset and sad to hear of Syd Barrett's death. Syd was the guiding light of the early band line-up and leaves a legacy which continues to inspire."[234] Although Barrett had faded into obscurity over the previous 35 years, the national press praised him for his contributions to music.[235][nb 51] On 10 May 2007, Waters, Gilmour, Wright and Mason performed at the Barrett tribute concert "Madcap's Last Laugh" at the Barbican Centre in London. Gilmour, Wright and Mason performed the Barrett compositions, "Bike" and "Arnold Layne", and Waters performed a solo version of his song "Flickering Flame".[237]
Wright died of an undisclosed form of cancer on 15 September 2008, aged 65.[238] His former bandmates paid tributes to his life and work; Gilmour said: "In the welter of arguments about who or what was Pink Floyd, Rick's enormous input was frequently forgotten. He was gentle, unassuming and private but his soulful voice and playing were vital, magical components of our most recognised Pink Floyd sound."[239] A week after Wright's death, Gilmour performed "Remember a Day" from A Saucerful of Secrets, written and originally sung by Wright, in tribute to him.[240] Keyboardist Keith Emerson released a statement praising Wright as the "backbone" of Pink Floyd.[241]
Further performances and re-releases
On 10 July 2010, Waters and Gilmour performed together at a charity event for the Hoping Foundation. The event, which raised money for Palestinian children, took place at Kiddington Hall in Oxfordshire, England, with an audience of approximately 200.[242] In return for Waters' appearance at the event, Gilmour performed "Comfortably Numb" at Waters' performance of The Wall[243][nb 52] at the London O2 Arena on 12 May 2011, singing the choruses and playing the two guitar solos. Mason also joined, playing tambourine for "Outside the Wall" with Gilmour on mandolin.[245][nb 53]
On 26 September 2011, Pink Floyd and EMI launched an exhaustive re-release campaign under the title Why Pink Floyd ... ?, reissuing the band's back catalogue in newly remastered versions, including "Experience" and "Immersion" multi-disc multi-format editions. The albums were remastered by James Guthrie, co-producer of The Wall.[247] In November 2015, Pink Floyd released a limited edition EP, 1965: Their First Recordings, comprising six songs recorded prior to The Piper at the Gates of Dawn.[248]
Main article: The Endless River
Advertising for The Endless River in South Bank, London
In 2012, Gilmour and Mason decided to revisit recordings made with Wright, mainly during the Division Bell sessions, to create a new Pink Floyd album. They recruited session musicians to help record new parts and "generally harness studio technology".[249] Waters was not involved.[250] Mason described the album as a tribute to Wright: "I think this record is a good way of recognising a lot of what he does and how his playing was at the heart of the Pink Floyd sound. Listening back to the sessions, it really brought home to me what a special player he was."[251]
The Endless River was released on 7 November 2014, the second Pink Floyd album distributed by Parlophone following the release of the 20th anniversary editions of The Division Bell earlier in 2014.[252] Though it received mixed reviews,[253] it became the most pre-ordered album of all time on Amazon UK,[254] and debuted at number one in several countries.[255][256] The vinyl edition was the fastest-selling UK vinyl release of 2014 and the fastest-selling since 1997.[257]
Gilmour stated that The Endless River is Pink Floyd's last album, saying: "I think we have successfully commandeered the best of what there is ... It's a shame, but this is the end."[258] There was no tour to support the album, as Gilmour felt it was "kind of impossible" without Wright.[259][260] In August 2015, Gilmour reiterated that Pink Floyd were "done" and that to reunite without Wright "would just be wrong".[261]
In November 2016, Pink Floyd released a boxset, The Early Years 1965–1972, comprising outtakes, live recordings, remixes, and films from their early career.[262] In 2018, Mason formed a new band, Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets, to perform Pink Floyd's early material. The band includes Gary Kemp of Spandau Ballet and longtime Pink Floyd collaborator Guy Pratt.[263] They toured Europe in September 2018[264] and North America in 2019,[265] when Waters joined the band at the Beacon Theatre in New York City to perform vocals for "Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun".[266]
Considered one of the UK's first psychedelic music groups, Pink Floyd began their career at the vanguard of London's underground music scene. Some categorise their work from that era as space rock.[267][nb 54] According to Rolling Stone: "By 1967, they had developed an unmistakably psychedelic sound, performing long, loud suitelike compositions that touched on hard rock, blues, country, folk, and electronic music."[270] Released in 1968, the song "Careful with That Axe, Eugene" helped galvanise their reputation as an art rock group.[77] Other genres attributed to the band are experimental rock,[271] acid rock,[272] proto-prog,[273] experimental pop (while under Barrett).[274] and psychedelic pop,[275] By the late 1960s, the press had begun to label their music progressive rock.[276] O'Neill Surber comments on the music of Pink Floyd:
Rarely will you find Floyd dishing up catchy hooks, tunes short enough for air-play, or predictable three-chord blues progressions; and never will you find them spending much time on the usual pop album of romance, partying, or self-hype. Their sonic universe is expansive, intense, and challenging ... Where most other bands neatly fit the songs to the music, the two forming a sort of autonomous and seamless whole complete with memorable hooks, Pink Floyd tends to set lyrics within a broader soundscape that often seems to have a life of its own ... Pink Floyd employs extended, stand-alone instrumentals which are never mere vehicles for showing off virtuoso but are planned and integral parts of the performance.[277]
In 1968, Wright commented on Pink Floyd's sonic reputation: "It's hard to see why we were cast as the first British psychedelic group. We never saw ourselves that way ... we realised that we were, after all, only playing for fun ... tied to no particular form of music, we could do whatever we wanted ... the emphasis ... [is] firmly on spontaneity and improvisation."[278] Waters gave a less enthusiastic assessment of the band's early sound: "There wasn't anything 'grand' about it. We were laughable. We were useless. We couldn't play at all so we had to do something stupid and 'experimental' ... Syd was a genius, but I wouldn't want to go back to playing "Interstellar Overdrive" for hours and hours."[279] Unconstrained by conventional pop formats, Pink Floyd were innovators of progressive rock during the 1970s and ambient music during the 1980s.[280]
Gilmour's guitar work
Main article: David Gilmour
"While Waters was Floyd's lyricist and conceptualist, Gilmour was the band's voice and its main instrumental focus."[281]
—Alan di Perna, in Guitar World, May 2006
Rolling Stone critic Alan di Perna praised Gilmour's guitar work as an integral to Pink Floyd's sound,[281] and described him as the most important guitarist of the 1970s, "the missing link between Hendrix and Van Halen".[282] Rolling Stone ranked Gilmour number 14 in their list of "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".[282] In 2006, Gilmour said of his technique: "[My] fingers make a distinctive sound ... [they] aren't very fast, but I think I am instantly recognisable ... The way I play melodies is connected to things like Hank Marvin and the Shadows".[283] Gilmour's ability to use fewer notes than most to express himself without sacrificing strength or beauty drew a favourable comparison to jazz trumpeter Miles Davis.[284]
In 2006, Guitar World writer Jimmy Brown described Gilmour's guitar style as "characterised by simple, huge-sounding riffs; gutsy, well-paced solos; and rich, ambient chordal textures."[284] According to Brown, Gilmour's solos on "Money", "Time" and "Comfortably Numb" "cut through the mix like a laser beam through fog."[284] Brown described the "Time" solo as "a masterpiece of phrasing and motivic development ... Gilmour paces himself throughout and builds upon his initial idea by leaping into the upper register with gut-wrenching one-and-one-half-step 'over bends', soulful triplet arpeggios and a typically impeccable bar vibrato."[285] Brown described Gilmour's phrasing as intuitive, singling it out as perhaps his best asset as a lead guitarist. Gilmour explained how he achieved his signature tone: "I usually use a fuzz box, a delay and a bright EQ setting ... [to get] singing sustain ... you need to play loud—at or near the feedback threshold. It's just so much more fun to play ... when bent notes slice right through you like a razor blade."[284]
Sonic experimentation
Throughout their career, Pink Floyd experimented with their sound. Their second single, "See Emily Play" premiered at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London, on 12 May 1967. During the performance, the group first used an early quadraphonic device called an Azimuth Co-ordinator.[286] The device enabled the controller, usually Wright, to manipulate the band's amplified sound, combined with recorded tapes, projecting the sounds 270 degrees around a venue, achieving a sonic swirling effect.[287] In 1972, they purchased a custom-built PA which featured an upgraded four-channel, 360-degree system.[288]
Waters experimented with the EMS Synthi A and VCS 3 synthesisers on Pink Floyd pieces such as "On the Run", "Welcome to the Machine", and "In the Flesh?".[289] He used a Binson Echorec 2 delay effect on his bass-guitar track for "One of These Days".[290]
Pink Floyd used innovative sound effects and state of the art audio recording technology during the recording of The Final Cut. Mason's contributions to the album were almost entirely limited to work with the experimental Holophonic system, an audio processing technique used to simulate a three-dimensional effect. The system used a conventional stereo tape to produce an effect that seemed to move the sound around the listener's head when they were wearing headphones. The process enabled an engineer to simulate moving the sound to behind, above or beside the listener's ears.[291]
Pink Floyd also composed several film scores, starting in 1968, with The Committee.[292] In 1969, they recorded the score for Barbet Schroeder's film More. The soundtrack proved beneficial: not only did it pay well but, along with A Saucerful of Secrets, the material they created became part of their live shows for some time thereafter.[293] While composing the soundtrack for director Michelangelo Antonioni's film Zabriskie Point, the band stayed at a luxury hotel in Rome for almost a month. Waters claimed that, without Antonioni's constant changes to the music, they would have completed the work in less than a week. Eventually he used only three of their recordings. One of the pieces turned down by Antonioni, called "The Violent Sequence", later became "Us and Them", included on 1973's The Dark Side of the Moon.[294] In 1971, the band again worked with Schroeder on the film La Vallée, for which they released a soundtrack album called Obscured by Clouds. They composed the material in about a week at the Château d'Hérouville near Paris, and upon its release, it became Pink Floyd's first album to break into the top 50 on the US Billboard chart.[295]
Main article: Pink Floyd live performances
A live performance of The Dark Side of the Moon at Earls Court, shortly after its release in 1973: (l-r) Gilmour, Mason, Dick Parry, Waters
Regarded as pioneers of live music performance and renowned for their lavish stage shows, Pink Floyd also set high standards in sound quality, making use of innovative sound effects and quadraphonic speaker systems.[296] From their earliest days, they employed visual effects to accompany their psychedelic rock music while performing at venues such as the UFO Club in London.[31] Their slide-and-light show was one of the first in British rock, and it helped them become popular among London's underground.[270]
To celebrate the launch of the London Free School's magazine International Times in 1966, they performed in front of 2,000 people at the opening of the Roundhouse, attended by celebrities including Paul McCartney and Marianne Faithfull.[297] In mid-1966, road manager Peter Wynne-Willson joined their road crew, and updated the band's lighting rig with some innovative ideas including the use of polarisers, mirrors and stretched condoms.[298] After their record deal with EMI, Pink Floyd purchased a Ford Transit van, then considered extravagant band transportation.[299] On 29 April 1967, they headlined an all-night event called The 14 Hour Technicolour Dream at the Alexandra Palace, London. Pink Floyd arrived at the festival at around three o'clock in the morning after a long journey by van and ferry from the Netherlands, taking the stage just as the sun was beginning to rise.[300][nb 55] In July 1969, precipitated by their space-related music and lyrics, they took part in the live BBC television coverage of the Apollo 11 moon landing, performing an instrumental piece which they called "Moonhead".[302]
In November 1974, they employed for the first time the large circular screen that would become a staple of their live shows.[303] In 1977, they employed the use of a large inflatable floating pig named "Algie". Filled with helium and propane, Algie, while floating above the audience, would explode with a loud noise during the In the Flesh Tour.[304] The behaviour of the audience during the tour, as well as the large size of the venues, proved a strong influence on their concept album The Wall. The subsequent The Wall Tour featured a 40 feet (12 m) high wall, built from cardboard bricks, constructed between the band and the audience. They projected animations onto the wall, while gaps allowed the audience to view various scenes from the story. They commissioned the creation of several giant inflatables to represent characters from the story.[305] One striking feature of the tour was the performance of "Comfortably Numb". While Waters sang his opening verse, in darkness, Gilmour waited for his cue on top of the wall. When it came, bright blue and white lights would suddenly reveal him. Gilmour stood on a flightcase on castors, an insecure setup supported from behind by a technician. A large hydraulic platform supported both Gilmour and the tech.[306]
During the Division Bell Tour, an unknown person using the name Publius posted a message on an internet newsgroup inviting fans to solve a riddle supposedly concealed in the new album. White lights in front of the stage at the Pink Floyd concert in East Rutherford spelled out the words Enigma Publius. During a televised concert at Earls Court on 20 October 1994, someone projected the word "enigma" in large letters on to the backdrop of the stage. Mason later acknowledged that their record company had instigated the Publius Enigma mystery, rather than the band.[221]
Lyrical themes
Marked by Waters' philosophical lyrics, Rolling Stone described Pink Floyd as "purveyors of a distinctively dark vision".[272] Author Jere O'Neill Surber wrote: "their interests are truth and illusion, life and death, time and space, causality and chance, compassion and indifference."[307] Waters identified empathy as a central theme in the lyrics of Pink Floyd.[308] Author George Reisch described Meddle's psychedelic opus, "Echoes", as "built around the core idea of genuine communication, sympathy, and collaboration with others."[309] Despite having been labelled "the gloomiest man in rock", author Deena Weinstein described Waters as an existentialist, dismissing the unfavourable moniker as the result of misinterpretation by music critics.[310]
Disillusionment, absence, and non-being
Waters' lyrics to Wish You Were Here's "Have a Cigar" deal with a perceived lack of sincerity on the part of music industry representatives.[311] The song illustrates a dysfunctional dynamic between the band and a record label executive who congratulates the group on their current sales success, implying that they are on the same team while revealing that he erroneously believes "Pink" is the name of one of the band members.[312] According to author David Detmer, the album's lyrics deal with the "dehumanising aspects of the world of commerce", a situation the artist must endure to reach their audience.[313]
Absence as a lyrical theme is common in the music of Pink Floyd. Examples include the absence of Barrett after 1968, and that of Waters' father, who died during the Second World War. Waters' lyrics also explored unrealised political goals and unsuccessful endeavours. Their film score, Obscured by Clouds, dealt with the loss of youthful exuberance that sometimes comes with ageing.[314] Longtime Pink Floyd album cover designer, Storm Thorgerson, described the lyrics of Wish You Were Here: "The idea of presence withheld, of the ways that people pretend to be present while their minds are really elsewhere, and the devices and motivations employed psychologically by people to suppress the full force of their presence, eventually boiled down to a single theme, absence: The absence of a person, the absence of a feeling."[315][nb 56] Waters commented: "it's about none of us really being there ... [it] should have been called Wish We Were Here".[316]
O'Neill Surber explored the lyrics of Pink Floyd and declared the issue of non-being a common theme in their music.[307][nb 57] Waters invoked non-being or non-existence in The Wall, with the lyrics to "Comfortably Numb": "I caught a fleeting glimpse, out of the corner of my eye. I turned to look, but it was gone, I cannot put my finger on it now, the child is grown, the dream is gone."[314] Barrett referred to non-being in his final contribution to the band's catalogue, "Jugband Blues": "I'm most obliged to you for making it clear that I'm not here."[314]
Exploitation and oppression
Author Patrick Croskery described Animals as a unique blend of the "powerful sounds and suggestive themes" of Dark Side with The Wall's portrayal of artistic alienation.[318] He drew a parallel between the album's political themes and that of Orwell's Animal Farm.[318] Animals begins with a thought experiment, which asks: "If you didn't care what happened to me. And I didn't care for you", then develops a beast fable based on anthropomorphised characters using music to reflect the individual states of mind of each. The lyrics ultimately paint a picture of dystopia, the inevitable result of a world devoid of empathy and compassion, answering the question posed in the opening lines.[319]
The album's characters include the "Dogs", representing fervent capitalists, the "Pigs", symbolising political corruption, and the "Sheep", who represent the exploited.[320] Croskery described the "Sheep" as being in a "state of delusion created by a misleading cultural identity", a false consciousness.[321] The "Dog", in his tireless pursuit of self-interest and success, ends up depressed and alone with no one to trust, utterly lacking emotional satisfaction after a life of exploitation.[322] Waters used Mary Whitehouse as an example of a "Pig"; being someone who in his estimation, used the power of the government to impose her values on society.[323] At the album's conclusion, Waters returns to empathy with the lyrical statement: "You know that I care what happens to you. And I know that you care for me too."[324] However, he also acknowledges that the "Pigs" are a continuing threat and reveals that he is a "Dog" who requires shelter, suggesting the need for a balance between state, commerce and community, versus an ongoing battle between them.[325]
Alienation, war, and insanity
"When I say, 'I'll see you on the dark side of the moon' ... what I mean [is] ... If you feel that you're the only one ... that you seem crazy [because] you think everything is crazy, you're not alone."[326]
—Waters, quoted in Harris, 2005
O'Neill Surber compared the lyrics of Dark Side of the Moon's "Brain Damage" with Karl Marx's theory of self-alienation; "there's someone in my head, but it's not me."[327][nb 58] The lyrics to Wish You Were Here's "Welcome to the Machine" suggest what Marx called the alienation of the thing; the song's protagonist preoccupied with material possessions to the point that he becomes estranged from himself and others.[327] Allusions to the alienation of man's species being can be found in Animals; the "Dog" reduced to living instinctively as a non-human.[328] The "Dogs" become alienated from themselves to the extent that they justify their lack of integrity as a "necessary and defensible" position in "a cutthroat world with no room for empathy or moral principle" wrote Detmer.[329] Alienation from others is a consistent theme in the lyrics of Pink Floyd, and it is a core element of The Wall.[327]
War, viewed as the most severe consequence of the manifestation of alienation from others, is also a core element of The Wall, and a recurring theme in the band's music.[330] Waters' father died in combat during the Second World War, and his lyrics often alluded to the cost of war, including those from "Corporal Clegg" (1968), "Free Four" (1972), "Us and Them" (1973), "When the Tigers Broke Free" and "The Fletcher Memorial Home" from The Final Cut (1983), an album dedicated to his late father and subtitled A Requiem for the Postwar Dream.[331] The themes and composition of The Wall express Waters' upbringing in an English society depleted of men after the Second World War, a condition that negatively affected his personal relationships with women.[332]
Waters' lyrics to The Dark Side of the Moon dealt with the pressures of modern life and how those pressures can sometimes cause insanity.[333] He viewed the album's explication of mental illness as illuminating a universal condition.[334] However, Waters also wanted the album to communicate positivity, calling it "an exhortation ... to embrace the positive and reject the negative."[335] Reisch described The Wall as "less about the experience of madness than the habits, institutions, and social structures that create or cause madness."[336] The Wall's protagonist, Pink, is unable to deal with the circumstances of his life, and overcome by feelings of guilt, slowly closes himself off from the outside world inside a barrier of his own making. After he completes his estrangement from the world, Pink realises that he is "crazy, over the rainbow".[337] He then considers the possibility that his condition may be his own fault: "have I been guilty all this time?"[337] Realising his greatest fear, Pink believes that he has let everyone down, his overbearing mother wisely choosing to smother him, the teachers rightly criticising his poetic aspirations, and his wife justified in leaving him. He then stands trial for "showing feelings of an almost human nature", further exacerbating his alienation of species being.[338] As with the writings of philosopher Michel Foucault, Waters' lyrics suggest Pink's insanity is a product of modern life, the elements of which, "custom, codependancies, and psychopathologies", contribute to his angst, according to Reisch.[339]
Clockwise (from top left): Waters, Gilmour, Wright and Mason
Pink Floyd are one of the most commercially successful and influential rock bands of all time.[340] They have sold more than 250 million records worldwide, including 75 million certified units in the United States, and 37.9 million albums sold in the US since 1993.[341] The Sunday Times Rich List, Music Millionaires 2013 (UK), ranked Waters at number 12 with an estimated fortune of £150 million, Gilmour at number 27 with £85 million and Mason at number 37 with £50 million.[342]
In 2004, MSNBC ranked Pink Floyd number 8 on their list of "The 10 Best Rock Bands Ever".[343] Rolling Stone ranked them number 51 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time".[344] Q named Pink Floyd as the biggest band of all time.[345] VH1 ranked them number 18 in the list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time".[346] Colin Larkin ranked Pink Floyd number 3 in his list of the 'Top 50 Artists of All Time', a ranking based on the cumulative votes for each artist's albums included in his All Time Top 1000 Albums.[347]
Pink Floyd have won several awards. In 1981 audio engineer James Guthrie won the Grammy Award for "Best Engineered Non-Classical Album" for The Wall, and Roger Waters won the British Academy of Film and Television Arts award for "Best Original Song Written for a Film" in 1983 for "Another Brick in the Wall" from The Wall film.[348] In 1995, Pink Floyd won the Grammy for "Best Rock Instrumental Performance" for "Marooned".[349] In 2008, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden presented Pink Floyd with the Polar Music Prize for their contribution to modern music; Waters and Mason attended the ceremony and accepted the award.[350] They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996, the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005, and the Hit Parade Hall of Fame in 2010.[351]
Pink Floyd's The Wall exhibit at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Pink Floyd has influenced numerous artists. David Bowie called Barrett a significant inspiration, and The Edge of U2 bought his first delay pedal after hearing the opening guitar chords to "Dogs" from Animals.[352] Other bands and artists who cite them as an influence include Queen, Tool, Radiohead, Steven Wilson, Kraftwerk, Marillion, Queensrÿche, Nine Inch Nails, the Orb and the Smashing Pumpkins.[353] Pink Floyd were an influence on the neo-progressive rock subgenre which emerged in the 1980s.[354] The English rock band Mostly Autumn "fuse the music of Genesis and Pink Floyd" in their sound.[355]
Pink Floyd were admirers of the Monty Python comedy group, and helped finance their 1975 film Monty Python and the Holy Grail.[356] In May 2017, to mark the 50th anniversary of Pink Floyd's first single, an audio-visual exhibition, Their Mortal Remains, opened at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.[357] The exhibition featured analysis of cover art, conceptual props from the stage shows, and photographs from Mason's personal archive.[358][359] It was extended for two weeks beyond its planned closing date of 1 October.[360]
Main article: List of Pink Floyd band members
Roger Waters – bass, vocals, rhythm guitar (1965–1985, 2005)
David Gilmour – lead and rhythm guitars, vocals, bass, keyboards (1967–1995, 2005, 2012–2014)
Nick Mason – drums, percussion, vocals (1965–1995, 2005, 2012–2014)
Richard Wright – keyboards, piano, organ, vocals (1965–1979, 1987–1995, 2005; died 2008)
Syd Barrett – lead and rhythm guitars, vocals (1965–1968; died 2006)
Main article: Pink Floyd discography
The Piper at the Gates of Dawn (1967)
A Saucerful of Secrets (1968)
More (1969)
Ummagumma (1969)
Atom Heart Mother (1970)
Meddle (1971)
Obscured by Clouds (1972)
The Dark Side of the Moon (1973)
Wish You Were Here (1975)
The Final Cut (1983)
A Momentary Lapse of Reason (1987)
The Division Bell (1994)
The Endless River (2014)
Pink Floyd World Tour (1968)
The Man and The Journey Tour (1969)
Atom Heart Mother World Tour (1970)
Meddle Tour (1971)
Dark Side of the Moon Tour (1972–73)
French Summer Tour (1974)
British Winter Tour (1974)
Wish You Were Here Tour (1975)
In the Flesh Tour (1977)
The Wall Tour (1980–81)
A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour (1987–90)
The Division Bell Tour (1994)
Book: Pink Floyd
^ Wright studied architecture until 1963, when he began studying music at London's Royal College of Music.[2]
^ Leonard designed light machines, which used electric motors to spin perforated discs, casting patterns of lights on the walls. These would be demonstrated in an early edition of Tomorrow's World. For a brief time, Leonard played keyboard with them using the front room of his flat for rehearsals.[5]
^ Wright also briefly lived at Leonard's.[6]
^ Povey spelled it Meggadeaths but Blake spelled it Megadeaths.[8] Architectural Abdabs is sometimes suggested as another variation; Povey dismisses it as a misreading of a headline about the Abdabs in the Polytechnic's student newspaper.[9] Povey used the Tea Set throughout whereas Blake's claim of the alternative spelling, the T-Set, remains unsubstantiated.[10]
^ The four-song session became the band's first demo and included the R&B classic "I'm a King Bee" (original of bluesman Slime Harpo, and three Syd Barrett originals, "Butterfly", "Lucy Leave" and "Double O Bo", a song Mason described as "Bo Diddley meets the 007 theme".[16]
^ According to Povey, by 1964 the group began calling itself the Abdabs.[6]
^ Soon after, someone stole the equipment, and the group resorted to purchasing new gear on a payment plan.[24]
^ They dropped the definite article from the band's name at some point in early 1967.[34]
^ Schaffner described the £5,000 advance as generous; however, Povey suggested it was an inadequate agreement which required that the money be disbursed over five years.[36]
^ Previous to this session, on 11 and 12 January, they recorded a long take of "Interstellar Overdrive".[36] Sometime around the sessions on 29 January, they produced a short music film for "Arnold Layne" in Sussex.[37]
^ At EMI, Pink Floyd experimented with musique concrète and watched the Beatles record "Lovely Rita".[45]
^ Blackhill's late application for work permits forced Pink Floyd to cancel several of the US dates.[53]
^ Pink Floyd released the single "Apples and Oranges" in November 1967 in the UK.[56]
^ Barrett's absence on more than one occasion forced the band to book David O'List as his replacement.[58] Wynne-Willson left his position as lighting director and assisted the guitarist with his daily activities.[59]
^ In late 1967, Barrett suggested adding four new members; in the words of Waters: "two freaks he'd met somewhere. One of them played the banjo, the other the saxophone ... [and] a couple of chick singers".[61]
^ One of Gilmour's first tasks was to mime Barrett's guitar playing on an "Apples and Oranges" promotional film.[66]
^ Mason is unsure which member of Pink Floyd said "let's not bother".[69]
^ For a short period after, Barrett turned up at occasional performances, apparently confused about his standing with the band.[75]
^ Thorgerson had attended Cambridgeshire High School for Boys with Waters and Barrett.[82]
^ The band recorded their previous LPs using a four-track system; Atom Heart Mother was their first album recorded on an eight-track machine.[89]
^ A theft of the band's equipment, worth about $40,000, after a May 1970 show at the Warehouse in New Orleans, nearly crippled their finances. However, hours after the band notified the FBI they had recovered most of the stolen equipment.
^ Povey states that the UK release date was 5 November, but Pink Floyd's official website states 13 November. All sources agree on the US release date of 30 October.[99]
^ Meddle's production consisted of sessions spread over several months; the band recorded in the first half of April, but in the latter half played at Doncaster and Norwich before returning to record at the end of the month. In May, they split their time between sessions at Abbey Road, rehearsals and concerts across Great Britain. They spent June and July performing at venues across Europe, and August in the far east and Australia, returning to Europe in September.[100] In October, they made the concert film Pink Floyd: Live at Pompeii, before touring the US in November.[101]
^ Immediately after the session, Barrett attended a pre-party held for Gilmour's upcoming first wedding, but eventually left without saying goodbye and none of the band members ever saw him again, apart from a run-in between Waters and Barrett a couple of years later.[131] The inspiration behind the cover image, designed by Thorgerson, is the idea that people tend to conceal their true feelings for fear of "getting burned", wrote Pink Floyd biographer Glen Povey. Therefore, it features two businessmen shown shaking hands; one of them is on fire.[132]
^ Brian Humphries engineered the album, which was completed in December 1976.[136]
^ The band commissioned a 30 feet (9.1 m) pig-shaped balloon and photography began on 2 December. Inclement weather delayed filming, and the balloon broke free of its moorings in strong winds. It eventually landed in Kent, where a local farmer recovered it, reportedly furious that it had frightened his cows.[138] The difficult shoot had resumed before they decided to superimpose the image of the pig onto the photograph of the power station.[139]
^ "Pigs on the Wing" contained references to Waters' romantic relationship with Carolyne Anne Christie. Christie and Rock Scully, manager of the Grateful Dead, were married at the time. Waters' marriage to Judy had produced no children, but he became a father with Christie in November 1976.[142]
^ Waters was not the only person depressed by playing in large venues, as Gilmour refused to perform the band's usual encore that night.[147]
^ In 1976, Pink Floyd had become involved with financial advisers Norton Warburg Group (NWG). NWG became the band's collecting agents and handled all financial planning, for an annual fee of about £300,000 (equivalent to £1,690,500 in 2018[23]). NWG invested between £1.6 million and £3.3 million of the band's money in high-risk venture capital schemes, primarily to reduce their exposure to UK taxes. It soon became apparent that the band were still losing money. Not only did NWG invest in failing businesses, they also left the band liable for tax bills as high as 83 per cent of their income. The band eventually terminated their relationship with NWG and demanded the return of any funds not yet invested, which at that time amounted to £860,000; they received only £740,000.[151] Pink Floyd eventually sued NWG for £1M, accusing them of fraud and negligence. NWG collapsed in 1981: Andrew Warburg fled to Spain; Waterbrook purchased Norton Warburg Investments, and many of its holdings sold at a significant loss. Andrew Warburg began serving a three-year jail sentence upon his return to the UK in 1987.[151]
^ James Guthrie replaced engineer Brian Humphries, emotionally drained by his five years with the band, for the recording of the album.[154] In March 1979, the band's dire financial situation demanded that they leave the UK for a year, or more and recording moved to the Super Bear Studios near Nice.[155]
^ Although Wright's name did not appear anywhere on the finished album, Pink Floyd employed him as a paid musician on their subsequent The Wall tour.[160] Towards the end of The Wall sessions, Mason left the final mix to Waters, Gilmour, Ezrin and Guthrie, travelling to New York to record his debut solo album, Nick Mason's Fictitious Sports.[161]
^ Waters took a six-week leave during filming and returned to find that Parker had used his artistic license to modify parts of the film to his liking. Waters became incensed; the two fought, and Parker threatened to walk out. Gilmour urged Waters to reconsider his stance, reminding the bassist that he and the other band members were shareholders and directors and could outvote him on such decisions.[169]
^ Pink Floyd created a modified soundtrack for some of the film's songs.[169]
^ Recording took place in eight studios, including Gilmour's home studio at Hookend Manor and Waters' home studio at East Sheen.[173]
^ During the sessions, Waters lost his temper and began ranting at Kamen who, out of frustration during one recording session, had started repeatedly writing "I Must Not Fuck Sheep" on a notepad in the studio's control room.[172]
^ Waters commissioned his brother-in-law, Willie Christie, to take photographs for the album cover.[175]
^ Though Gilmour's name did not appear on the production credits, he retained his pay as musician and producer.[179]
^ Released as a single, "Not Now John", with its chorus of "Fuck all that" bowdlerised to "Stuff all that"; Melody Maker declared it "a milestone in the history of awfulness".[181]
^ Wright was also in the midst of a difficult divorce and later said that the album was, "made at a time in my life when I was lost."[184]
^ Waters went on to record the soundtrack for When the Wind Blows, as well as his second solo album, Radio K.A.O.S..[186]
^ Artists such as Jon Carin and Phil Manzanera worked on the album, joined by Bob Ezrin.[190]
^ Andy Jackson engineered the album.[194]
^ In a departure from previous Pink Floyd albums, they recorded A Momentary Lapse of Reason using a 32-channel Mitsubishi digital recorder using MIDI synchronisation with the aid of an Apple Macintosh computer.[198] Recording later moved to Mayfair Studios and then to Los Angeles.[199]
^ Wright's name appears only on the credit list.[202]
^ Gilmour divorced his wife Ginger and Mason married actress Annette Lynton.[211]
^ Thorgerson also provided six new pieces of film for the upcoming tour.[217]
^ Waters declined their invitation to join them as the tour reached Europe.[222]
^ In 1995, Pink Floyd released the live album, Pulse, and an accompanying concert video.[223]
^ In the week following their performance, there was a resurgence of commercial interest in Pink Floyd's music, when according to HMV, sales of Echoes: The Best of Pink Floyd rose more than one thousand per cent, while Amazon.com reported a significant increase in sales of The Wall.[228] Gilmour subsequently declared that he would give his share of profits from this sales boost to charity, urging other associated artists and record companies to do the same.[228]
^ In 2006, Gilmour began a tour of small concert venues with contributions from Wright and other musicians from the post-Waters Pink Floyd tours. Gilmour, Wright, and Mason's encore performance of "Wish You Were Here" and "Comfortably Numb" marked the only appearance by Pink Floyd since Live 8 as of 2012[update].[233]
^ Barrett left more than £1.25M in his will, to be divided among his immediate family, who then auctioned some of his possessions and artwork.[236]
^ On 4 January 2011, Pink Floyd signed a five-year record deal with EMI, ending the legal dispute regarding the distribution of their catalogue. They successfully defended their vision to support their albums as cohesive units versus individual tracks.[244]
^ It was the first time since Live 8 that the three men shared a stage and the first time that the line-up from The Final Cut appeared in concert.[246]
^ In early 1965, Pink Floyd auditioned for ITV's Ready Steady Go!, which Mason described as "the definitive music show of the day".[268] Despite sounding what Mason considered "too radical for the general viewer", they earned a callback for a second audition, with the caveat that they play material more familiar to the judges; they did not earn an appearance on the show.[269] Also in 1965, they auditioned for the Melody Maker Beat Contest, losing to the eventual national winners.[269]
^ Road manager Peter Watts joined them before touring Europe in 1968.[301]
^ Thorgerson's design for Wish You Were Here's cover included four sides, counting the inner jacket, which represented four absences related to the classical categories of substance: earth, air, fire and water. His Dark Side album cover features a beam of white light, representing unity, passing through a prism, which represents society. The resulting refracted beam of coloured light symbolises unity diffracted, leaving an absence of unity.[109] Absence is a key element in the existentialism of Albert Camus, who defined absurdity as the absence of a response to the individual's need for unity.[109]
^ Philosophy originated from the Greek poet, Parmenides, who wrote a poem in which the protagonist takes a cosmic chariot ride guided by a goddess who shows him that there are only two paths in life, being, which leads to truth, and non-being, which leads to confusion and discontent. The goddess also told Parmenides: "thought and being are one".[317]
^ Marx considered insanity the ultimate form of self-alienation.[327]
^ Blake 2008, pp. 37–38: Mason meeting Waters while studying architecture at the London Polytechnic; Fitch 2005, p. 335: Waters meeting Mason while studying architecture at the London Polytechnic.
^ Blake 2008, pp. 39–40.
^ Blake 2008, pp. 39–40: Wright was also an architecture student when he joined Sigma 6; Povey 2008, pp. 13–14: The formation of Sigma 6; Schaffner 1991, p. 27: Instrumental line-up of Sigma 6: Waters (lead guitar), Wright (rhythm guitar) and Mason (drums).
^ a b Mason 2005, pp. 24–26.
^ a b c Povey 2008, p. 14.
^ Povey 2008, pp. 13–18.
^ Blake 2008, p. 39: Megadeaths; Povey 2008, p. 13: Meggadeaths.
^ Blake 2008, pp. 43–44: The T-Set as an alternate spelling; Povey 2008, pp. 28–29: The Tea Set used throughout.
^ Blake 2008, p. 41.
^ Povey 2008, p. 13.
^ a b Schaffner 1991, pp. 22–23.
^ Mason 2005, p. 27.
^ Blake 2008, pp. 44–45: Klose quit the band in mid 1965 and Barrett took over on lead guitar (secondary source); Mason 2005, p. 32: Klose quit the band in mid 1965 (primary source).
^ Mason 2005, pp. 33–37: The origin of the band name Pink Floyd (primary source); Povey 2008, pp. 18–19: The origin of the band name Pink Floyd (secondary source).
^ Mason 2005, pp. 33–37: Jenner was impressed by Barrett and Wright; Schaffner 1991, p. 17: Jenner and King became Pink Floyd's business managers.
^ a b c d UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
^ Schaffner 1991, p. 32.
^ Mason 2005, pp. 50–51.
^ Mason 2005, pp. 46–49: (primary source); Schaffner 1991, p. 34: (secondary source).
^ Mason 2005, pp. 52–53: Jenner and King's connections helped gain the band important coverage; Schaffner 1991, p. 44: "apparently very psychedelic"
^ di Perna 2002, p. 29: Pink Floyd as a spack rock band; Povey 2008, p. 37: The music industry began to take notice of Pink Floyd.
^ Povey 2008, p. 342: Release date for "Arnold Layne"; Schaffner 1991, pp. 54–55: Signing with EMI.
^ Povey 2008, p. 342.
^ Mason 2005, p. 82: Barrett was "completely distanced from everything going on"; Schaffner 1991, p. 51: Barrett's increasing LSD use starting early 1967.
^ Mason 2005, pp. 87–88: Smith negotiated Pink Floyd's first record contract; Schaffner 1991, p. 55: Morrison negotiated Pink Floyd's first contract and in it they agreed to record their first album at EMI Studios.
^ a b c d e f g Roberts 2005, p. 391.
^ Cavanagh, John (2003). The Piper at the Gates of Dawn. New York [u.a.]: Continuum. pp. 55–56. ISBN 978-0-8264-1497-7.
^ Mason 2005, p. 95: "The band started to play and Syd just stood there"; Schaffner 1991, p. 36: June Child was Blackhill's assistant and secretary.
^ Blake 2008, p. 123.
^ Schaffner 1991, pp. 88–90.
^ Mason 2005, pp. 95–105: Barrett's mental deterioration and Pink Floyd's first US tour (primary source); Schaffner 1991, pp. 91–94: Barrett's mental deterioration and Pink Floyd's first US tour (secondary source).
^ Fitch 2005, p. 224.
^ a b Povey 2008, p. 47.
^ Blake 2008, pp. 110–111: "the band intending to continue with Barrett"; Mason 2005, pp. 109–111: O'Rourke set Gilmour up in O'Rourke's home; Schaffner 1991, p. 104: Gilmour was officially announced as a new member of Pink Floyd.
^ Schaffner 1991, p. 107.
^ Palacios, Julian (2010). Syd Barrett and Pink Floyd: Dark Globe. Plexus. p. 317. ISBN 978-0-85965-431-9. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
^ Mason 2005, p. 111.
^ Blake 2008, pp. 90–113: (secondary source); Mason 2005, pp. 78–105: (primary source).
^ Mason 2005, pp. 112–114, 127–131: On O'Rourke becoming the band's manager.
^ Schaffner 1991, pp. 107–108.
^ Blake 2008, pp. 112–114.
^ Blake 2008, pp. 3, 9, 113, 156, 242, 279, 320, 398: After Barrett's departure, the burden of lyrical composition and creative direction fell mostly on Waters.
^ a b di Perna 2002, p. 13.
^ a b Blake 2008, p. 117.
^ Roberts, James (1 November 1997). "Hipgnotic Suggestion" (37). Frieze. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2012. Throughout the 70s many of the more successful rock bands adopted similarly abstract imagery, in particular Led Zeppelin (the album IV, 1971, dispensed with their name and the title of the record entirely) and Pink Floyd, who, following the Beatles, were only the second band to be allowed by EMI to use an outside designer.
^ Mason 2005, pp. 127–131.
^ Harris 2005, p. 168: (secondary source); Mason 2005, pp. 133–135: (primary source).
^ Povey 2008, pp. 135–136.
^ a b Schaffner 1991, p. 144.
^ Harris 2005, p. 71: "a couple of bottles of wine and a couple of joints"; Mason 2005, p. 153: Lacking a central theme they experimented.
^ Harris 2005, p. 72.
^ For "Meddle not only confirms lead guitarist David Gilmour's emergence" see: Costa, Jean-Charles (6 January 1972). "Pink Floyd: Meddle". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 4 January 2008. Retrieved 19 August 2009. ; Povey 2008, p. 150: The release dates for Meddle.
^ Povey 2008, p. 150: A 5 November UK release date for Meddle; For a 13 November UK release date for Meddle see: "Pink Floyd – Echoes (click Echoes image link)". pinkfloyd.com. Archived from the original on 28 August 2009. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
^ Mason 2005, p. 157: (primary source); Povey 2008, pp. 142–144: (secondary source)
^ Povey 2008, pp. 155: Touring the US in November; 174: Pink Floyd: Live at Pompeii.
^ Watts 1996, pp. 56–57.
^ "Review of Pink Floyd – Meddle". BBC Music. Archived from the original on 16 August 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
^ Harris 2005, pp. 103–104: Recording schedule for Dark Side; Harris 2005, p. 104: Alan Parsons as an engineer on Dark Side; Schaffner 1991, p. 159: The Dark Side of the Moon as an allusion to lunacy, rather than astronomy.
^ Harris 2005, pp. 140–141: (secondary source); Mason 2005, p. 177: (primary source).
^ Harris 2005, p. 151.
^ a b c Weinstein 2007, p. 86.
^ Harris 2005, pp. 12–13, 88–89.
^ a b c Povey 2008, p. 160.
^ Hollingworth, Roy (1973). "Historical info – 1973 review, Melody Maker". pinkfloyd.com. Archived from the original on 15 May 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
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^ "AC/DC's 'Back in Black' at 35: Classic Track-by-Track Album Review". Archived from the original on 19 February 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
^ a b Povey 2008, p. 345.
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^ a b c Schaffner 1991, pp. 184–185.
^ Schaffner 1991, p. 184: The motif reminded Waters of Barrett; Watkinson & Anderson 2001, p. 119: Gilmour composed the motif entirely by accident.
^ Watkinson & Anderson 2001, p. 120.
^ Blake 2008, pp. 245–246: (secondary source); Mason 2005, pp. 223–225: (primary source).
^ Blake 2008, p. 246: (secondary source); Mason 2005, pp. 223–225: (primary source).
^ a b Blake 2008, pp. 242–243.
^ a b Mason 2005, pp. 235–236.
^ a b Schaffner 1991, pp. 206–208.
^ Mason 2005, pp. 240–242: (primary source); Schaffner 1991, p. 213: (secondary source).
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^ Blake 2008, pp. 269: Wright's name did not appear on the album, 285–286: Wright as a paid musician during the tour.
^ Bronson 1992, p. 523: Peak US chart position for "Another Brick in the Wall (Part II)"; Roberts 2005, p. 391: Peak UK chart position for "Another Brick in the Wall (Part II)".
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Chapman, Rob (2012). Syd Barrett and British Psychedelia: Faber Forty-Fives: 1966–1967. Faber & Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-29676-7.
Croskery, Patrick (2007). "Pigs Training Dogs to Exploit Sheep: Animals as a Beast Fable Dystopia". In Reisch, George A (ed.). Pink Floyd and Philosophy: Careful with that Axiom, Eugene!. Open Court. ISBN 978-0-8126-9636-3.
DeRogatis, Jim (2006). Staring at Sound: The True Story of Oklahoma's Fabulous Flaming Lips. Broadway Books. ISBN 978-0-7679-2140-4.
Detmer, David (2007). "Dragged Down by the Stone: Pink Floyd, Alienation, and the Pressures of Life". In Reisch, George A (ed.). Pink Floyd and Philosophy: Careful with that Axiom, Eugene!. Open Court. ISBN 978-0-8126-9636-3.
Fitch, Vernon (2005). The Pink Floyd Encyclopedia (Third ed.). Collector's Guide Publishing. ISBN 978-1-894959-24-7.
Fitch, Vernon (2001). Pink Floyd: The Press Reports 1966–1983. Collector's Guide Publishing Inc. ISBN 978-1-896522-72-2.
Fitch, Vernon; Mahon, Richard (2006). Comfortably Numb: A History of "The Wall", Pink Floyd, 1978–1981 (1st ed.). PFA Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-0-9777366-0-7.
George-Warren, Holly, ed. (2001). The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll (2005 revised and updated ed.). Fireside. ISBN 978-0-7432-9201-6.
Harris, John (2005). The Dark Side of the Moon (First Hardcover ed.). Da Capo. ISBN 978-0-306-81342-9.
Hibbert, Tom (1996) [1971]. "Who the hell does Roger Waters think he is?". In MacDonald, Bruno (ed.). Pink Floyd: Through the Eyes of the Band, Its Fans and Foes. Da Capo. ISBN 978-0-306-80780-0.
Kitts, Jeff; Tolinski, Brad, eds. (2002). Guitar World Presents: Pink Floyd. Hal Leonard. ISBN 978-0-7546-6708-7.
Mabbett, Andy (1995). The Complete Guide to the Music of Pink Floyd (1st UK paperback ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-4301-8.
Manning, Toby (2006). The Rough Guide to Pink Floyd (First ed.). Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-84353-575-1.
Mason, Nick (2005) [2004]. Dodd, Philip (ed.). Inside Out: A Personal History of Pink Floyd (Paperback ed.). Phoenix. ISBN 978-0-7538-1906-7.
Povey, Glenn (2008) [2007]. Echoes: The Complete History of Pink Floyd. Mind Head Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9554624-1-2.
Reisch, George A (2007). "The Worms and the Wall: Michael Foucault on Syd Barrett". In Reisch, George A (ed.). Pink Floyd and Philosophy: Careful with that Axiom, Eugene!. Open Court. ISBN 978-0-8126-9636-3.
Roberts, David, ed. (2005). British Hit Singles & Albums (18 ed.). Guinness World Records Limited. ISBN 978-1-904994-00-8.
Rosen, Craig (1996). Lukas, Paul (ed.). The Billboard Book of Number One Albums. Billboard. ISBN 978-0-8230-7586-7.
Schaffner, Nicholas (1991). Saucerful of Secrets (First ed.). Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 978-0-283-06127-1.
Scarfe, Gerald (2010). The Making of Pink Floyd: The Wall (1st US paperback ed.). Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81997-1.
Simmons, Sylvie (December 1999). "Pink Floyd: The Making of The Wall". Mojo Magazine. 73.
O'Neill Surber, Jere (2007). "Wish You Were Here (But You Aren't): Pink Floyd and Non-Being". In Reisch, George A (ed.). Pink Floyd and Philosophy: Careful with that Axiom, Eugene!. Open Court. ISBN 978-0-8126-9636-3.
Watkinson, Mike; Anderson, Pete (2001). Crazy Diamond: Syd Barrett & the Dawn of Pink Floyd (First ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-2397-3.
Watts, Michael (1996) [1971]. "Pink's muddled Meddle". In MacDonald, Bruno (ed.). Pink Floyd: Through the Eyes of the Band, Its Fans and Foes. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80780-0.
Weinstein, Deena (2007). "Roger Waters: Artist of the Absurd". In Reisch, George A (ed.). Pink Floyd and Philosophy: Careful with that Axiom, Eugene!. Open Court. ISBN 978-0-8126-9636-3.
Bench, Jeff; O'Brien, Daniel (2004). Pink Floyd's The Wall: In the Studio, on Stage and on Screen (First UK paperback ed.). Reynolds and Hearn. ISBN 978-1-903111-82-6.
Hearn, Marcus (2012). Pink Floyd. Titan Books. ISBN 978-0-85768-664-0.
Jones, Cliff (1996). Another Brick in the Wall: The Stories Behind Every Pink Floyd Song. ISBN 978-0-553-06733-0.
Mabbett, Andy (2010). Pink Floyd: The Music and the Mystery. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-1-84938-370-7.
Mabbett, Andy; Miles (1988). Pink Floyd: 25th Anniversary Edition (Visual Documentary). ISBN 978-0-7119-4109-0.
Miles, Barry (2007). Pink Floyd. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-1-84609-444-6.
Palacios, Julian (2001). Lost in the Woods: Syd Barrett and the Pink Floyd. ISBN 978-0-7522-2328-5.
Povey, Glen; Russell, Ian (1997). Pink Floyd: In the Flesh: The Complete Performance History (1st US paperback ed.). St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-9554624-0-5.
Reising, Russell (2005). Speak to Me. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7546-4019-6.
Ruhlmann, William (2004). Breaking Records. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-94305-5.
Ruhlmann, William (1993). Pink Floyd. Smithmark. ISBN 978-0-8317-6912-3.
Snider, Charles (2008). The Strawberry Bricks Guide to Progressive Rock. Strawberry Bricks. ISBN 978-0-615-17566-9.
CreateSpace (2009). Pink Floyd: Meddle (Streaming video). Sexy Intellectual. ASIN B002J4V9RI.
John Edginton (Director) (2012). Pink Floyd: The Story of Wish You Were Here (Colour, NTSC, DVD). Eagle Rock Entertainment. ASIN B007X6ZRMA.
Matthew Longfellow (Director) (2003). Classic Albums: The Making of The Dark Side of the Moon (Colour, Dolby, NTSC, DVD). Eagle Rock Entertainment. ASIN B0000AOV85.
Pink Floyd (2007). Pink Floyd – Then and Now (Colour, NTSC DVD). Pride. ASIN B007EQQX04.
Pink Floyd (2010). Pink Floyd – Whatever Happened to Pink Floyd? (Colour, NTSC, DVD). Sexy Intellectual. ASIN B004D0AMN8.
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So Red the Rose
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White City: A Novel
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Finch, John (1626-1682) (DNB00)
←Finch, John (1584-1660)
Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 19
Finch, John (1626-1682)
by Norman Moore
Finch, Robert (1783-1830)→
sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
902535Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 19
Finch, John (1626-1682)Norman Moore1889
FINCH, Sir JOHN (1626–1682), physician, younger son of Sir Heneage Finch, speaker of the House of Commons [q. v.], was born in 1626, and, after education at Mr. Sylvester's school in the parish of All Saints, Oxford, entered Balliol College as a gentleman commoner and graduated B.A. 22 May 1647. In 1648 he left Oxford, and graduated M.A. at Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1649; then went to Padua and took the degree of M.D. in that university. He became English consul at Padua, and was made syndic of the university. The Grand Duke of Tuscany afterwards appointed him to a professorship at Pisa. At the Restoration he returned to England, and on 26 Feb. 1661 was elected an extraordinary fellow of the College of Physicians of London. 'Obpræclara doctoris Harvei merita,' say the college annals, probably in reference to the fact that Harvey had been a doctor of physic of the university of Padua. Lord Clarendon presented Finch to the king, who knighted him on 10 June 1661, and on 26 June in the same year he was created M.D. at Cambridge, Dr. Carr appearing as his proxy. He was one of the fellows admitted by the council of the Royal Society, in virtue of the power given them for two months, on 20 May 1663. The house now called Kensington Palace belonged to Finch, and in 1661 he sold it to his elder brother, Sir Heneage Finch, afterwards Lord Nottingham. In 1665 he was sent as minister to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, and in 1672 was promoted to be ambassador at Constantinople. On his voyage thither he stopped at Leghorn and at Malta to arrange the restitution of some goods belonging to the basha of Tunis which had been seized by English privateers. On 2 May 1675 he left his house in Pera, with a retinue of one hundred and twenty horses and fifty-five carts of baggage, and after a nine days' journey reached Adrianople. The object of the visit was to obtain the sultan's confirmation of privileges granted to English residents in his dominions, and after tedious delays this was accomplished on 8 Sept. The town was crowded, and the ambassador, who had at first wretched lodgings, was later obliged to live in tents in the fields owing to an epidemic of plague, of which some of his household died. He returned to Constantinople, and in 1682 to England. He died of pleurisy on 18 Nov. 1682 in London, whence his body was conveyed by his kinsmen to Cambridge and there buried, as he had desired, near that of his friend Sir Thomas Baines [q. v.], in the chapel of Christ's College. Their friendship is the most interesting circumstance of the life of Finch. It began at Cambridge, where Henry More the Platonist introduced Finch, on his migration from Oxford, to Baines, already a member of Christ's College. They pursued the same studies and lived in the same places, both graduated in medicine at Padua, were admitted fellows of the College of Physicians of London on the same day, and were together created doctors of physic at Cambridge. When Finch had been knighted he sought the same honour for Baines, and when he went abroad as an ambassador he took Sir Thomas Baines with him as physician to the embassy. They consulted together on every difficulty, and at Constantinople were known as the ambassador and the chevalier, and it was considered as important to secure the influence of the one as of the other. Thus constant throughout life they are buried side by side, under the same marble canopy, and are every year commemorated as benefactors of their college, where they jointly founded two fellowships and two scholarships, anxious to encourage in future generations the formation of friendships at the university as true and as lasting as their own.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. i. 298; Pepys's Diary 6th ed. in. 446; Cambridge University Calendar 1868; North's Life of the Hon. Sir Dudley North, Knt., London, 1744; tomb in the chapel of Christ's College, Cambridge; Dodd's Church History, iii. 257; Wood's Fasti, ed. Bliss ii. 101]
N. M.
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Planetary Sciences Feature
Exploring Planetary Breadcrumbs One Asteroid at a Time
Six ongoing and future missions explore the variety of asteroids in the solar system, seeking to uncover what makes each of them special.
NASA’s Dawn spacecraft captured this view of Ceres on 1 September from 3,570 kilometers above the dwarf planet. Ceres’s youngest cryovolcano, Ahuna Mons, is visible just to the right of center at the top of the image. This picture is one of the last that Dawn transmitted before it ran out of fuel last week. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA
By Kimberly M. S. Cartier 9 November 2018
Shaped like a diamond, made of metal, or on a collision course with Earth, asteroids are strewn through the solar system like a trail of crumbs left over from planet formation.
Many asteroids are time capsules, keeping their secrets unchanged since the formation of the solar system.
The solar system hosts millions of asteroids, ranging in size from tiny specks a few meters across to potential planet destroyers many kilometers wide. They can be rich in carbon, filled with heavy metals, or packed with water and organics. Scientists think that many of these asteroids are time capsules, keeping their secrets unchanged since the formation of the solar system 4.5 billion years ago.
One asteroid, Ceres, is a dwarf planet, too. After NASA’s Dawn spacecraft visited this 950-kilometer-wide object, scientists learned that Ceres has a rocky core, an icy mantle, a crust, and a thin water vapor atmosphere. Ceres is geologically active, and it may even contain cryovolcanoes that spit out cold, organic-rich brines.
Dawn’s close-up study of Ceres showed us that visiting asteroids can yield valuable scientific discoveries. Last week, after 11 years in space, Dawn ran out of fuel, stopped communicating with Earth, and ended its mission.
The Dawn mission may be over, but here are six more ongoing or future asteroid missions that will continue its work uncovering our solar system’s origins. They might even help us prevent a deadly impact with our own planet.
1. Hayabusa2: A Diamond in the Sky
A large boulder on Ryugu’s surface, seen in part in the bottom left of this image, casts a shadow on the asteroid. Hayabusa2 was orbiting at an altitude of 64 meters when it took this photo on 21 September. Credit: JAXA, University of Tokyo, Kochi University, Rikkyo University, Nagoya University, Chiba Institute of Technology, Meiji University, Aizu University, AIST
What might it be like to stand on the surface of an asteroid and watch the Sun rise? Hayabusa2 can tell you.
Hayabusa2 is an all-in-one asteroid mission: It will orbit, map, land, rove, and return samples to Earth. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched Hayabusa2 in December 2014. The craft arrived at its target, a diamond-shaped asteroid called Ryugu, this past June. It will remain there until December 2019, when it will return to Earth with samples from Ryugu’s surface and subsurface materials.
Ryugu is approximately 900 meters in diameter and travels in a 474-Earth-day elliptical orbit between Earth and Mars. It is made of carbonaceous material that likely dates back to the birth of the solar system.
“By exploring a C-type asteroid, which is rich in water and organic materials, we will clarify interactions between the building blocks of Earth and the evolution of its oceans and life,” according to the mission objectives.
The spacecraft has a suite of remote sensing equipment, including visible and infrared cameras and lidar, to map the asteroid’s surface properties. Hayabusa2 also carried four small landers. It released two of these rovers on 21 September and a third on 3 October. The rovers take advantage of Ryugu’s weak gravity to hop around the surface by repeatedly pushing off and landing in another spot about 15 meters away.
By combining data from the rovers and orbiter, the team selected a landing site for their first sample collection attempt, which will occur in early 2019.
Since landing, the rovers have been beaming back high-resolution photos from Ryugu’s rough terrain, a surface strewn with 10-meter-sized boulders. By stitching together a sequence of photos, the Hayabusa2 team demonstrated what it would be like to pass a 7.6-hour “day” standing on the asteroid’s surface.
やっほーMINERVA-II1から、ムービーが届いたよー！
リュウグウの表面がまぶしい日差しに照らされて、くっきりよく見える～！ pic.twitter.com/Q0Bmy9MWph
— haya2kun (@haya2kun) September 28, 2018
2. OSIRIS-REx: Resources, with a Side Order of Risk
Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) launched in September 2016 and is scheduled to arrive at a large, near-Earth asteroid called Bennu this December. Bennu is interesting from a scientific point of view, but there’s another reason to give it a closer look: it’s 500 meters across, and there’s an uncomfortably high 1-in-2,700 chance that it could collide with Earth in the late 22nd century.
“OSIRIS-REx is an asteroid sample return mission, so our primary objective is to bring back pristine, carbon-rich material from the asteroid surface,” principal investigator Dante Lauretta said in an interview last September. Lauretta is a professor of planetary sciences at the University of Arizona in Tucson.
The craft will attempt three “touch-and-go” sample collections of asteroid material and bring its samples back to Earth in 2023.
Artist’s rendering of the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft orbiting above Bennu. Credit: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
“We believe this asteroid dates from the very dawn of our solar system and records the molecular evolution of organic molecules,” he said. “We’re hoping to gain insight into whether these kinds of asteroids delivered the building blocks of life to Earth, and maybe even the water that made our oceans and made our planet habitable.”
Given Bennu’s close proximity to Earth and its likely composition, another purpose of this sample return is to test the feasibility of mining aluminum, iron, platinum, and rocket fuel materials from asteroids in the future. That’s the “resource identification” aspect of the mission.
Bennu may also help us understand how sunlight heating the asteroid’s dark surface affects its orbit, something called the Yarkovsky effect (see the video below). The asteroid’s orbit has drifted about 280 meters since its discovery in 1999, and studying this effect up close may help scientists to better predict the odds of a too close encounter between Bennu and Earth (thus the “security” part of the acronym).
3. Lucy: Six Trojans and a Rock
Why visit one asteroid when you could visit seven in the same mission?
That’s just what NASA’s upcoming Lucy mission is set to do. It plans to visit seven asteroids that live in three distinct areas of space: in front of Jupiter, behind Jupiter, and in the main asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars.
Six of Lucy’s seven targets are Trojans, the two clusters of asteroids that orbit in the stable gravitational points along Jupiter’s orbital path ahead of and behind the planet. Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids span a range of composition, size, and reflectivity. This variability implies that they likely didn’t all form in the same location.
“Trojans likely harbor objects that formed throughout the outer solar system,” Lucy principal investigator Harold Levison of the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colo., said in a January 2016 presentation. “Because the Trojans are remnants of the primordial material that formed the outer planets, they hold vital clues to deciphering the history of the solar system,” Levison later added in a statement.
Lucy’s orbital path, seen here in green, will take it on a complicated route past six Trojan asteroids and one main-belt asteroid by using gravity assists from Earth. This diagram shows a frame of reference where Jupiter remains stationary. Credit: Southwest Research Institute
Lucy, the first mission to visit Trojan asteroids, will visit at least one Trojan of each classification. Its seventh target is a main-belt asteroid. The mission has ambitious scientific goals for each target: catalog the asteroid’s geophysical and geochemical properties, measure its morphology and cratering, calculate its mass, estimate its bulk interior composition, look for undiscovered rings or satellites, and compare it to other asteroids of the same class and grouping.
The spacecraft will be an orbiter-only mission, visiting each asteroid without landing. Its instrument payload will include visible and infrared cameras, a radio science instrument, and spectrometers to measure surface compositions.
Lucy received approval for development on 30 October. It is currently scheduled for launch by NASA in October 2021, and it will take 12 years for it to reach all of its target asteroids.
“Lucy, like the human fossil for which it is named, will revolutionize the understanding of our origins.”
The time spent will be worth it, Levison explained. “Lucy, like the human fossil for which it is named, will revolutionize the understanding of our origins,” he said.
4. Psyche: A Heavy-Metal Experience
Asteroid 16 Psyche orbits in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, along with the vast majority of asteroids. What makes this speck special enough for its own dedicated NASA mission? It is made almost entirely of metal and may be the leftover core of a planet that never formed.
“This is an opportunity to explore a new type of world—not one of rock or ice, but of metal,” Lindy Elkins-Tanton, Psyche principal investigator and professor of Earth and space exploration at Arizona State University in Tempe, said in a statement.
The mission that will explore this metal world, also called Psyche, will be a small spacecraft with large solar panels that will help it speed toward its target. Psyche will be equipped with magnetometers, multispectral imagers, and high-energy and neutron spectrometers. Magnetometers and high-energy spectrometers are not often included on missions to carbonaceous or silicate asteroids, but they are perfect for characterizing this mostly metal object.
Unlike the targets of other asteroid missions, 16 Psyche is almost entirely made of nickel-iron metal, similar to the composition of Earth’s core.
Artist’s rendering of NASA’s Psyche spacecraft orbiting the asteroid of the same name. Spikes like those depicted here might ring one of the asteroid’s large impact basins, formed from melted and quickly refrozen surface metal. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University/Space Systems Loral/Peter Rubin
“Psyche is a unique body because it is, by far, the largest metal asteroid out there; it’s about the size of Massachusetts,” David Oh, an engineer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., and Psyche’s project systems engineering manager, said in September 2017. “By exploring Psyche, we’ll learn about the formation of the planets, how planetary cores are formed and, just as important, we’ll be exploring a new type of world.”
NASA has scheduled Psyche to launch in 2022 and arrive at its target in 2026.
“This is the only way humans will ever visit a core. We learn about inner space by visiting outer space.”
According to Elkins-Tanton, “16 Psyche is the only known object of its kind in the solar system, and this is the only way humans will ever visit a core. We learn about inner space by visiting outer space.”
5. DART: Diverting Disaster
Some 1,000 asteroids are about 1 kilometer in diameter, large enough to cause a global catastrophe if they collided with Earth. If we spot one on a collision course with Earth, could we nudge it out of the way?
NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission, scheduled to launch in December 2020 at the earliest, aims to be the first to measurably change an asteroid’s orbital motion.
DART’s target is 65803 Didymos, a double-asteroid system. The 800-meter Didymos A and its 170-meter partner, Didymos B (nicknamed “Didymoon”), will pass within 11 million kilometers of Earth (about 29 times the distance from Earth to the Moon) in October 2022.
Artist’s rendering of Didymoon’s crater and ejecta following the DART impact. Credit: ESA–ScienceOffice.org
That’s when DART will crash into Didymoon at a speed of about 6 kilometers per second and change its orbital speed around the primary asteroid by less than 1%.
“A binary asteroid is the perfect natural laboratory for this test,” Tom Statler, program scientist for DART at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D. C., said in June 2017. “The fact that Didymos B is in orbit around Didymos A makes it easier to see the results of the impact, and ensures that the experiment doesn’t change the orbit of the pair around the Sun.”
Before its deliberate crash, DART aims to provide high-resolution images of the surface and field-test its autonomous guidance system.
“With DART, we want to understand the nature of asteroids by seeing how a representative body reacts when impacted, with an eye toward applying that knowledge if we are faced with the need to deflect an incoming object,” Andrew Rivkin, leader of the DART investigation team and a planetary astronomer at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md., said in a press release. Data from DART, the team says, will help design a future mission to redirect a larger object.
6. Hera: The Forensic Analyst
Plans are afoot to return to Didymos with the Hera spacecraft to inspect DART’s effects. This European Space Agency–led component of the Asteroid Impact and Deflection Assessment (AIDA) should arrive at the Didymos system about 4 years after the DART impact.
Hera, which is currently in development, aims to survey the fresh impact crater and characterize how Didymoon changed postcollision. It is scheduled to launch in late 2023 and arrive at Didymos in 2026.
“This will enable us to assess the effectiveness of asteroid deflection as a planetary defense technique.”
“We’ll have a crater for which we have the initial conditions of its formation, offering us a documented impact experiment at actual asteroid scale,” Patrick Michel, director of research at France’s National Center for Scientific Research and lead scientist for Hera, said in a press release. “This will enable us to assess the effectiveness of asteroid deflection as a planetary defense technique and allow us to infer many things about collisions more generally and their fundamental role in all the stages of the history of the solar system.”
Hera will contain visible and near-infrared cameras similar to those on the Dawn spacecraft, a lidar instrument to conduct precision altimetry, a spectral imager to measure surface composition, and radio science instruments to measure Didymoon’s motion and communicate back to Earth.
The spacecraft also will insert two CubeSats into orbit around Didymoon, which will be able to get much closer than the main craft to the asteroid’s surface, survey the impact crater, and measure the asteroid’s altered dynamics.
“At just 160 meters across, the smaller component of the Didymos binary asteroid is too small to truly orbit around,” Michael Kueppers, Hera project scientist and a space scientist at the European Space Astronomy Centre in Madrid, said in September. “Instead, these CubeSats will fly Rosetta-like hyperbolic arcs, maintained by maneuvers every few days, hopefully culminating in landings.”
The video below shows how Hera will provide key information about how DART affected Didymoon and will help validate asteroid impact models.
The Era of Asteroids
On 1 November, NASA announced that Dawn, the longest continuous asteroid mission, came to a close after more than a decade spent exploring the two largest asteroids in our solar system, Vesta and Ceres. These and other asteroids, however, haven’t yielded the last of their secrets.
Planetary scientists around the world are preparing for the fresh influx of information on our diverse population of asteroids that will come over the next few decades. Where else could the trail of planetary breadcrumbs lead? We won’t have to wait long to find out.
—Kimberly M. S. Cartier (@AstroKimCartier), Staff Writer
Correction, 16 November 2018: This article has been updated to reflect the true diameter of Ceres.
Citation: Cartier, K. M. S. (2018), Exploring planetary breadcrumbs one asteroid at a time, Eos, 99, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EO109437. Published on 09 November 2018.
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Displaying 1 - 3 of 3.
Project acronym BLAST
Project Eclipsing binary stars as cutting edge laboratories for astrophysics of stellar structure, stellar evolution and planet formation
Researcher (PI) Maciej Konacki
Host Institution (HI) CENTRUM ASTRONOMICZNE IM. MIKOLAJAKOPERNIKA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
Summary Spectroscopic binary stars (SB2s) and in particular spectroscopic eclipsing binaries are one of the most useful objects in astrophysics. Their photometric and spectroscopic observations allow one to determine basic parameters of stars and carry out a wide range of tests of stellar structure, evolution and dynamics. Perhaps somewhat surprisingly, they can also contribute to our understanding of the formation and evolution of (extrasolar) planets. We will study eclipsing binary stars by combining the classic - stellar astronomy - and the modern - extrasolar planets - subjects into a cutting edge project. We propose to search for and subsequently characterize circumbinary planets around ~350 eclipsing SB2s using our own novel cutting edge radial velocity technique for binary stars and a modern version of the photometry based eclipse timing of eclipsing binary stars employing 0.5-m robotic telescopes. We will also derive basic parameters of up to ~700 stars (~350 binaries) with an unprecedented precision. In particular for about 50% of our sample we expect to deliver masses of the components with an accuracy ~10-100 times better than the current state of the art. Our project will provide unique constraints for the theories of planet formation and evolution and an unprecedented in quality set of the basic parameters of stars to test the theories of the stellar structure and evolution.
Spectroscopic binary stars (SB2s) and in particular spectroscopic eclipsing binaries are one of the most useful objects in astrophysics. Their photometric and spectroscopic observations allow one to determine basic parameters of stars and carry out a wide range of tests of stellar structure, evolution and dynamics. Perhaps somewhat surprisingly, they can also contribute to our understanding of the formation and evolution of (extrasolar) planets. We will study eclipsing binary stars by combining the classic - stellar astronomy - and the modern - extrasolar planets - subjects into a cutting edge project. We propose to search for and subsequently characterize circumbinary planets around ~350 eclipsing SB2s using our own novel cutting edge radial velocity technique for binary stars and a modern version of the photometry based eclipse timing of eclipsing binary stars employing 0.5-m robotic telescopes. We will also derive basic parameters of up to ~700 stars (~350 binaries) with an unprecedented precision. In particular for about 50% of our sample we expect to deliver masses of the components with an accuracy ~10-100 times better than the current state of the art. Our project will provide unique constraints for the theories of planet formation and evolution and an unprecedented in quality set of the basic parameters of stars to test the theories of the stellar structure and evolution.
Project acronym PAAL
Project Practical Approximation Algorithms
Researcher (PI) Piotr Sankowski
Host Institution (HI) UNIWERSYTET WARSZAWSKI
Summary The goal of this proposal is the development and study of practical approximation algorithms. We will base our study on theoretical models that can describe requirements for algorithms that make them practically efficient. We plan to develop an efficient and useful programming library of approximation algorithms. Our research on approximation algorithms will be concentrated on two main topics: - multi-problem optimization, when the solution has to be composed out of different problems that need to interact, - interplay between regular and random structure of network that could allow construction of good approximation algorithms. The above concepts try to capture the notion of effective algorithms. It has to be underlined that they were not studied before. The practical importance of these problems will be verified by the accompanying work on generic programming concepts for approximation algorithms. These concepts will form the basis of universal library that will include Web algorithms and algorithms for physical applications.
The goal of this proposal is the development and study of practical approximation algorithms. We will base our study on theoretical models that can describe requirements for algorithms that make them practically efficient. We plan to develop an efficient and useful programming library of approximation algorithms. Our research on approximation algorithms will be concentrated on two main topics: - multi-problem optimization, when the solution has to be composed out of different problems that need to interact, - interplay between regular and random structure of network that could allow construction of good approximation algorithms. The above concepts try to capture the notion of effective algorithms. It has to be underlined that they were not studied before. The practical importance of these problems will be verified by the accompanying work on generic programming concepts for approximation algorithms. These concepts will form the basis of universal library that will include Web algorithms and algorithms for physical applications.
Project acronym RNA+P=123D
Project Breaking the code of RNA sequence-structure-function relationships: New strategies and tools for modelling and engineering of RNA and RNA-protein complexes
Researcher (PI) Janusz Marek Bujnicki
Host Institution (HI) INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY
Summary Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a large class of macromolecules that plays a key role in the communication of biological information between DNA and proteins. RNAs have been also shown to perform enzymatic catalysis. Recently, numerous new RNAs have been identified and shown to perform essential regulatory roles in cells. As with proteins, the function of RNA depends on its structure, which in turn is encoded in the linear sequence. The secondary structure of RNA is defined by canonical base pairs, while the tertiary (3D) structure is formed mostly by non-canonical base pairs that form three-dimensional motifs. RNA is similar to proteins in that the development of methods for 3D structure prediction is absolutely essential to functionally interpret the information encoded in the primary sequence of genes. For proteins there are many freely available methods for automated protein 3D structure prediction that produce reasonably accurate and useful models. There are also methods for objective assessment of the protein model quality. However, there are no such methods for automated 3D structure modelling of RNA. There are only methods for RNA secondary structure prediction and a few methods for manual 3D modelling, but no automated methods for comparative modelling, fold-recognition of RNA, and evaluation of models. Only recently a few methods for de novo folding of RNA appeared, but they can provide useful models only for very short molecules. Recently, inspired by methodology for protein modelling, we have developed prototype tools for both comparative (template-based) and de novo (template-free) modelling of RNA, which allow for building models for very large RNA molecules. These tools will be further optimized and tested. The major goal is to developed tools for RNA modelling to the level of existing protein-modelling methods and to combine RNA and protein-centric methods to allow multiscale modelling of protein-nucleic acid complexes, either with or without the aid of experimental data. This proposal also includes the development of methods for the assessment of model quality and benchmarking of methods. The software tools and the theoretical predictions will be extensively tested (also by experimental verification of models), optimized and applied to biologically and medically relevant RNAs and complexes. In one sentence: The aim of this project is to use bioinformatics and experimental methods to crack the code of sequence-structure relationships in RNA and RNA-protein complexes and to revolutionise the field of RNA & RNP modelling and structure/function analyses.
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a large class of macromolecules that plays a key role in the communication of biological information between DNA and proteins. RNAs have been also shown to perform enzymatic catalysis. Recently, numerous new RNAs have been identified and shown to perform essential regulatory roles in cells. As with proteins, the function of RNA depends on its structure, which in turn is encoded in the linear sequence. The secondary structure of RNA is defined by canonical base pairs, while the tertiary (3D) structure is formed mostly by non-canonical base pairs that form three-dimensional motifs. RNA is similar to proteins in that the development of methods for 3D structure prediction is absolutely essential to functionally interpret the information encoded in the primary sequence of genes. For proteins there are many freely available methods for automated protein 3D structure prediction that produce reasonably accurate and useful models. There are also methods for objective assessment of the protein model quality. However, there are no such methods for automated 3D structure modelling of RNA. There are only methods for RNA secondary structure prediction and a few methods for manual 3D modelling, but no automated methods for comparative modelling, fold-recognition of RNA, and evaluation of models. Only recently a few methods for de novo folding of RNA appeared, but they can provide useful models only for very short molecules. Recently, inspired by methodology for protein modelling, we have developed prototype tools for both comparative (template-based) and de novo (template-free) modelling of RNA, which allow for building models for very large RNA molecules. These tools will be further optimized and tested. The major goal is to developed tools for RNA modelling to the level of existing protein-modelling methods and to combine RNA and protein-centric methods to allow multiscale modelling of protein-nucleic acid complexes, either with or without the aid of experimental data. This proposal also includes the development of methods for the assessment of model quality and benchmarking of methods. The software tools and the theoretical predictions will be extensively tested (also by experimental verification of models), optimized and applied to biologically and medically relevant RNAs and complexes. In one sentence: The aim of this project is to use bioinformatics and experimental methods to crack the code of sequence-structure relationships in RNA and RNA-protein complexes and to revolutionise the field of RNA & RNP modelling and structure/function analyses.
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Project acronym 9 SALT
Project Reassessing Ninth Century Philosophy. A Synchronic Approach to the Logical Traditions
Researcher (PI) Christophe Florian Erismann
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITAT WIEN
Summary This project aims at a better understanding of the philosophical richness of ninth century thought using the unprecedented and highly innovative method of the synchronic approach. The hypothesis directing this synchronic approach is that studying together in parallel the four main philosophical traditions of the century – i.e. Latin, Greek, Syriac and Arabic – will bring results that the traditional enquiry limited to one tradition alone can never reach. This implies pioneering a new methodology to overcome the compartmentalization of research which prevails nowadays. Using this method is only possible because the four conditions of applicability – comparable intellectual environment, common text corpus, similar methodological perspective, commensurable problems – are fulfilled. The ninth century, a time of cultural renewal in the Carolingian, Byzantine and Abbasid empires, possesses the remarkable characteristic – which ensures commensurability – that the same texts, namely the writings of Aristotelian logic (mainly Porphyry’s Isagoge and Aristotle’s Categories) were read and commented upon in Latin, Greek, Syriac and Arabic alike. Logic is fundamental to philosophical enquiry. The contested question is the human capacity to rationalise, analyse and describe the sensible reality, to understand the ontological structure of the world, and to define the types of entities which exist. The use of this unprecedented synchronic approach will allow us a deeper understanding of the positions, a clear identification of the a priori postulates of the philosophical debates, and a critical evaluation of the arguments used. It provides a unique opportunity to compare the different traditions and highlight the heritage which is common, to stress the specificities of each tradition when tackling philosophical issues and to discover the doctrinal results triggered by their mutual interactions, be they constructive (scholarly exchanges) or polemic (religious controversies).
This project aims at a better understanding of the philosophical richness of ninth century thought using the unprecedented and highly innovative method of the synchronic approach. The hypothesis directing this synchronic approach is that studying together in parallel the four main philosophical traditions of the century – i.e. Latin, Greek, Syriac and Arabic – will bring results that the traditional enquiry limited to one tradition alone can never reach. This implies pioneering a new methodology to overcome the compartmentalization of research which prevails nowadays. Using this method is only possible because the four conditions of applicability – comparable intellectual environment, common text corpus, similar methodological perspective, commensurable problems – are fulfilled. The ninth century, a time of cultural renewal in the Carolingian, Byzantine and Abbasid empires, possesses the remarkable characteristic – which ensures commensurability – that the same texts, namely the writings of Aristotelian logic (mainly Porphyry’s Isagoge and Aristotle’s Categories) were read and commented upon in Latin, Greek, Syriac and Arabic alike. Logic is fundamental to philosophical enquiry. The contested question is the human capacity to rationalise, analyse and describe the sensible reality, to understand the ontological structure of the world, and to define the types of entities which exist. The use of this unprecedented synchronic approach will allow us a deeper understanding of the positions, a clear identification of the a priori postulates of the philosophical debates, and a critical evaluation of the arguments used. It provides a unique opportunity to compare the different traditions and highlight the heritage which is common, to stress the specificities of each tradition when tackling philosophical issues and to discover the doctrinal results triggered by their mutual interactions, be they constructive (scholarly exchanges) or polemic (religious controversies).
Project acronym ADAPT
Project The Adoption of New Technological Arrays in the Production of Broadcast Television
Researcher (PI) John Cyril Paget Ellis
Host Institution (HI) ROYAL HOLLOWAY AND BEDFORD NEW COLLEGE
Summary "Since 1960, the television industry has undergone successive waves of technological change. Both the methods of programme making and the programmes themselves have changed substantially. The current opening of TV’s vast archives to public and academic use has emphasised the need to explain old programming to new users. Why particular programmes are like they are is not obvious to the contemporary viewer: the prevailing technologies imposed limits and enabled forms that have fallen into disuse. The project will examine the processes of change which gave rise to the particular dominant configurations of technologies for sound and image capture and processing, and some idea of the national and regional variants that existed. It will emphasise the capabilities of the machines in use rather than the process of their invention. The project therefore studies how the technologies of film and tape were implemented; how both broadcasters and individual filmers coped with the conflicting demands of the different machines at their disposal; how new ‘standard ways of doing things’ gradually emerged; and how all of this enabled desired changes in the resultant programmes. The project will produce an overall written account of the principal changes in the technologies in use in broadcast TV since 1960 to the near present. It will offer a theory of technological innovation, and a major case study in the adoption of digital workflow management in production for broadcasting: the so-called ‘tapeless environment’ which is currently being implemented in major organisations. It will offer two historical case studies: a longditudinal study of the evolution of tape-based sound recording and one of the rapid change from 16mm film cutting to digital editing, a process that took less than five years. Reconstructions of the process of working with particular technological arrays will be filmed and will be made available as explanatory material for any online archive of TV material ."
"Since 1960, the television industry has undergone successive waves of technological change. Both the methods of programme making and the programmes themselves have changed substantially. The current opening of TV’s vast archives to public and academic use has emphasised the need to explain old programming to new users. Why particular programmes are like they are is not obvious to the contemporary viewer: the prevailing technologies imposed limits and enabled forms that have fallen into disuse. The project will examine the processes of change which gave rise to the particular dominant configurations of technologies for sound and image capture and processing, and some idea of the national and regional variants that existed. It will emphasise the capabilities of the machines in use rather than the process of their invention. The project therefore studies how the technologies of film and tape were implemented; how both broadcasters and individual filmers coped with the conflicting demands of the different machines at their disposal; how new ‘standard ways of doing things’ gradually emerged; and how all of this enabled desired changes in the resultant programmes. The project will produce an overall written account of the principal changes in the technologies in use in broadcast TV since 1960 to the near present. It will offer a theory of technological innovation, and a major case study in the adoption of digital workflow management in production for broadcasting: the so-called ‘tapeless environment’ which is currently being implemented in major organisations. It will offer two historical case studies: a longditudinal study of the evolution of tape-based sound recording and one of the rapid change from 16mm film cutting to digital editing, a process that took less than five years. Reconstructions of the process of working with particular technological arrays will be filmed and will be made available as explanatory material for any online archive of TV material ."
Project acronym AestApp
Project The Aesthetics of Applied Theatre
Researcher (PI) Matthias Warstat
Host Institution (HI) FREIE UNIVERSITAET BERLIN
Summary The project aims to systematically explore an entire field of current forms of theatre, which despite its outstanding cultural and political significance has so far largely been ignored by theatre studies. Over the past two decades, notwithstanding intense competition from television and electronic media, theatre has been able to reassert and even reinforce its relevance in many different parts of the world and in widely diverse cultural fields (politics, business, social work, development aid, health care, and education). This renewed relevance originates not in traditional, experimental, or commercial theatre but rather among the many different types of applied theatre, which set in motion constructive social processes while upholding theatre’s aesthetic claim. Theatre with clear social, political, or economic aims is experiencing an unprecedented boom. The study will analyse this cross-cultural trend against the background of new theories of the aesthetics of performances and rehearsal processes. This theatre studies approach promises precise insights into the aesthetic forms of applied theatre, which constitute the (hitherto barely researched) foundation of its political effects. It will furthermore bring to light the ethical issues of applied theatre: intense aesthetic experiences – often linked with risks when it comes to performances – do not readily fit in with the claim to restore children, youngsters, patients, and other target groups to health, integrity, and self-confidence through theatrical practice. The project aims to show how aesthetic, political, and ethical aspects interact in the practice of applied theatre. Investigations will focus on carefully selected case studies in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America, whose comparison will make it possible for the first time to capture the worldwide landscape of applied theatre in its full diversity, but also in its overarching structures and interrelations.
The project aims to systematically explore an entire field of current forms of theatre, which despite its outstanding cultural and political significance has so far largely been ignored by theatre studies. Over the past two decades, notwithstanding intense competition from television and electronic media, theatre has been able to reassert and even reinforce its relevance in many different parts of the world and in widely diverse cultural fields (politics, business, social work, development aid, health care, and education). This renewed relevance originates not in traditional, experimental, or commercial theatre but rather among the many different types of applied theatre, which set in motion constructive social processes while upholding theatre’s aesthetic claim. Theatre with clear social, political, or economic aims is experiencing an unprecedented boom. The study will analyse this cross-cultural trend against the background of new theories of the aesthetics of performances and rehearsal processes. This theatre studies approach promises precise insights into the aesthetic forms of applied theatre, which constitute the (hitherto barely researched) foundation of its political effects. It will furthermore bring to light the ethical issues of applied theatre: intense aesthetic experiences – often linked with risks when it comes to performances – do not readily fit in with the claim to restore children, youngsters, patients, and other target groups to health, integrity, and self-confidence through theatrical practice. The project aims to show how aesthetic, political, and ethical aspects interact in the practice of applied theatre. Investigations will focus on carefully selected case studies in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America, whose comparison will make it possible for the first time to capture the worldwide landscape of applied theatre in its full diversity, but also in its overarching structures and interrelations.
Project acronym AFRISCREENWORLDS
Project African Screen Worlds: Decolonising Film and Screen Studies
Researcher (PI) Lindiwe Dovey
Host Institution (HI) SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES ROYAL CHARTER
Summary A half century since it came into existence, the discipline of Film and Screen Studies remains mostly Eurocentric in its historical, theoretical and critical frameworks. Although “world cinema” and “transnational cinema” scholars have attempted to broaden its canon and frameworks, several major problems persist. Films and scholarship by Africans in particular, and by people of colour in general, are frequently marginalised if not altogether excluded. This prevents exciting exchanges that could help to re-envision Film and Screen Studies for the twenty-first century, in an era in which greater access to the technological means of making films, and circulating them on a range of screens, means that dynamic “screen worlds” are developing at a rapid rate. AFRISCREENWORLDS will study these “screen worlds” (in both their textual forms and industrial structures), with a focus on Africa, as a way of centring the most marginalised regional cinema. We will also elaborate comparative studies of global “screen worlds” – and, in particular, “screen worlds” in the Global South – exploring their similarities, differences, and parallel developments. We will respond to the exclusions of Film and Screen Studies not only in scholarly ways – through conferences and publications – but also in creative and activist ways – through drawing on cutting-edge creative research methodologies (such as audiovisual criticism and filmmaking) and through helping to decolonise Film and Screen Studies (through the production of ‘toolkits’ on how to make curricula, syllabi, and teaching more globally representative and inclusive). On a theoretical level, we will make an intervention through considering how the concept of “screen worlds” is better equipped than “world cinema” or “transnational cinema” to explore the complexities of audiovisual narratives, and their production and circulation in our contemporary moment, in diverse contexts throughout the globe.
A half century since it came into existence, the discipline of Film and Screen Studies remains mostly Eurocentric in its historical, theoretical and critical frameworks. Although “world cinema” and “transnational cinema” scholars have attempted to broaden its canon and frameworks, several major problems persist. Films and scholarship by Africans in particular, and by people of colour in general, are frequently marginalised if not altogether excluded. This prevents exciting exchanges that could help to re-envision Film and Screen Studies for the twenty-first century, in an era in which greater access to the technological means of making films, and circulating them on a range of screens, means that dynamic “screen worlds” are developing at a rapid rate. AFRISCREENWORLDS will study these “screen worlds” (in both their textual forms and industrial structures), with a focus on Africa, as a way of centring the most marginalised regional cinema. We will also elaborate comparative studies of global “screen worlds” – and, in particular, “screen worlds” in the Global South – exploring their similarities, differences, and parallel developments. We will respond to the exclusions of Film and Screen Studies not only in scholarly ways – through conferences and publications – but also in creative and activist ways – through drawing on cutting-edge creative research methodologies (such as audiovisual criticism and filmmaking) and through helping to decolonise Film and Screen Studies (through the production of ‘toolkits’ on how to make curricula, syllabi, and teaching more globally representative and inclusive). On a theoretical level, we will make an intervention through considering how the concept of “screen worlds” is better equipped than “world cinema” or “transnational cinema” to explore the complexities of audiovisual narratives, and their production and circulation in our contemporary moment, in diverse contexts throughout the globe.
Project acronym AGATM
Project A Global Anthropology of Transforming Marriage
Researcher (PI) Janet CARSTEN
Host Institution (HI) THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH
Call Details Advanced Grant (AdG), SH5, ERC-2015-AdG
Summary This research will create a new theoretical vision of the importance of marriage as an agent of transformation in human sociality. Marriage globally is undergoing profound change, provoking intense debate and anxiety. These concerns refract wider instabilities in political, economic, and familial institutions. They signal the critical role of marriage in bringing together - and separating - intimate, personal, and familial life with wider state institutions. But we have little up to date comparative research or general theory of how marriage changes or the long-term significance of such change. Paradoxically, social scientific and public discourse emphasise the conservative and normative aspects of marriage. This underlines the need for a new theoretical frame that takes account of cultural and historical specificity to grasp the importance of marriage as both vehicle of and engine for transformation. AGATM overturns conventional understandings by viewing marriage as inherently transformative, indeed at the heart of social and cultural change. The research will investigate current transformations of marriage in two distinct senses. First, it will undertake an ethnographic investigation of new forms of marriage in selected sites in Europe, N. America, Asia, and Africa. Second, it will subject ‘marriage’ to a rigorous theoretical critique that will denaturalise marriage and reintegrate it into the new anthropology of kinship. Research on five complementary and contrastive sub-projects examining emerging forms of marriage in different locations will be structured through the themes of care, property, and ritual forms. The overarching analytic of temporality will frame the theoretical vision of the research and connect the themes. The resulting six monographs, journal articles, and exhibition will together revitalise the study of kinship by placing the moral, practical, political, and imaginative significance of marriage over time at its centre.
This research will create a new theoretical vision of the importance of marriage as an agent of transformation in human sociality. Marriage globally is undergoing profound change, provoking intense debate and anxiety. These concerns refract wider instabilities in political, economic, and familial institutions. They signal the critical role of marriage in bringing together - and separating - intimate, personal, and familial life with wider state institutions. But we have little up to date comparative research or general theory of how marriage changes or the long-term significance of such change. Paradoxically, social scientific and public discourse emphasise the conservative and normative aspects of marriage. This underlines the need for a new theoretical frame that takes account of cultural and historical specificity to grasp the importance of marriage as both vehicle of and engine for transformation. AGATM overturns conventional understandings by viewing marriage as inherently transformative, indeed at the heart of social and cultural change. The research will investigate current transformations of marriage in two distinct senses. First, it will undertake an ethnographic investigation of new forms of marriage in selected sites in Europe, N. America, Asia, and Africa. Second, it will subject ‘marriage’ to a rigorous theoretical critique that will denaturalise marriage and reintegrate it into the new anthropology of kinship. Research on five complementary and contrastive sub-projects examining emerging forms of marriage in different locations will be structured through the themes of care, property, and ritual forms. The overarching analytic of temporality will frame the theoretical vision of the research and connect the themes. The resulting six monographs, journal articles, and exhibition will together revitalise the study of kinship by placing the moral, practical, political, and imaginative significance of marriage over time at its centre.
Project acronym AlchemEast
Project Alchemy in the Making: From ancient Babylonia via Graeco-Roman Egypt into the Byzantine, Syriac and Arabic traditions (1500 BCE - 1000 AD)
Researcher (PI) Matteo MARTELLI
Host Institution (HI) ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - UNIVERSITA DI BOLOGNA
Summary The AlchemEast project is devoted to the study of alchemical theory and practice as it appeared and developed in distinct, albeit contiguous (both chronologically and geographically) areas: Graeco-Roman Egypt, Byzantium, and the Near East, from Ancient Babylonian times to the early Islamic Period. This project combines innovative textual investigations with experimental replications of ancient alchemical procedures. It uses sets of historically and philologically informed laboratory replications in order to reconstruct the actual practice of ancient alchemists, and it studies the texts and literary forms in which this practice was conceptualized and transmitted. It proposes new models for textual criticism in order to capture the fluidity of the transmission of ancient alchemical writings. AlchemEast is designed to carry out a comparative investigation of cuneiform tablets as well as a vast corpus of Greek, Syriac and Arabic writings. It will overcome the old, pejorative paradigm that dismissed ancient alchemy as a "pseudo-science", by proposing a new theoretical framework for comprehending the entirety of ancient alchemical practices and theories. Alongside established forms of scholarly output, such as critical editions of key texts, AlchemEast will provide an integrative, longue durée perspective on the many different phases of ancient alchemy. It will thus offer a radically new vision of this discipline as a dynamic and diversified art that developed across different technical and scholastic traditions. This new representation will allow us to connect ancient alchemy with medieval and early modern alchemy and thus fully reintegrate ancient alchemy in the history of pre-modern alchemy as well as in the history of ancient science more broadly.
The AlchemEast project is devoted to the study of alchemical theory and practice as it appeared and developed in distinct, albeit contiguous (both chronologically and geographically) areas: Graeco-Roman Egypt, Byzantium, and the Near East, from Ancient Babylonian times to the early Islamic Period. This project combines innovative textual investigations with experimental replications of ancient alchemical procedures. It uses sets of historically and philologically informed laboratory replications in order to reconstruct the actual practice of ancient alchemists, and it studies the texts and literary forms in which this practice was conceptualized and transmitted. It proposes new models for textual criticism in order to capture the fluidity of the transmission of ancient alchemical writings. AlchemEast is designed to carry out a comparative investigation of cuneiform tablets as well as a vast corpus of Greek, Syriac and Arabic writings. It will overcome the old, pejorative paradigm that dismissed ancient alchemy as a "pseudo-science", by proposing a new theoretical framework for comprehending the entirety of ancient alchemical practices and theories. Alongside established forms of scholarly output, such as critical editions of key texts, AlchemEast will provide an integrative, longue durée perspective on the many different phases of ancient alchemy. It will thus offer a radically new vision of this discipline as a dynamic and diversified art that developed across different technical and scholastic traditions. This new representation will allow us to connect ancient alchemy with medieval and early modern alchemy and thus fully reintegrate ancient alchemy in the history of pre-modern alchemy as well as in the history of ancient science more broadly.
Project acronym ALTERUMMA
Project Creating an Alternative umma: Clerical Authority and Religio-political Mobilisation in Transnational Shii Islam
Researcher (PI) Oliver Paul SCHARBRODT
Summary This interdisciplinary project investigates the transformation of Shii Islam in the Middle East and Europe since the 1950s. The project examines the formation of modern Shii communal identities and the role Shii clerical authorities and their transnational networks have played in their religio-political mobilisation. The volatile situation post-Arab Spring, the rise of militant movements such as ISIS and the sectarianisation of geopolitical conflicts in the Middle East have intensified efforts to forge distinct Shii communal identities and to conceive Shii Muslims as part of an alternative umma (Islamic community). The project focusses on Iran, Iraq and significant but unexplored diasporic links to Syria, Kuwait and Britain. In response to the rise of modern nation-states in the Middle East, Shii clerical authorities resorted to a wide range of activities: (a) articulating intellectual responses to the ideologies underpinning modern Middle Eastern nation-states, (b) forming political parties and other platforms of socio-political activism and (c) using various forms of cultural production by systematising and promoting Shii ritual practices and utilising visual art, poetry and new media. The project yields a perspectival shift on the factors that led to Shii communal mobilisation by: - Analysing unacknowledged intellectual responses of Shii clerical authorities to the secular or sectarian ideologies of post-colonial nation-states and to the current sectarianisation of geopolitics in the Middle East. - Emphasising the central role of diasporic networks in the Middle East and Europe in mobilising Shii communities and in influencing discourses and agendas of clerical authorities based in Iraq and Iran. - Exploring new modes of cultural production in the form of a modern Shii aesthetics articulated in ritual practices, visual art, poetry and new media and thus creating a more holistic narrative on Shii religio-political mobilisation.
This interdisciplinary project investigates the transformation of Shii Islam in the Middle East and Europe since the 1950s. The project examines the formation of modern Shii communal identities and the role Shii clerical authorities and their transnational networks have played in their religio-political mobilisation. The volatile situation post-Arab Spring, the rise of militant movements such as ISIS and the sectarianisation of geopolitical conflicts in the Middle East have intensified efforts to forge distinct Shii communal identities and to conceive Shii Muslims as part of an alternative umma (Islamic community). The project focusses on Iran, Iraq and significant but unexplored diasporic links to Syria, Kuwait and Britain. In response to the rise of modern nation-states in the Middle East, Shii clerical authorities resorted to a wide range of activities: (a) articulating intellectual responses to the ideologies underpinning modern Middle Eastern nation-states, (b) forming political parties and other platforms of socio-political activism and (c) using various forms of cultural production by systematising and promoting Shii ritual practices and utilising visual art, poetry and new media. The project yields a perspectival shift on the factors that led to Shii communal mobilisation by: - Analysing unacknowledged intellectual responses of Shii clerical authorities to the secular or sectarian ideologies of post-colonial nation-states and to the current sectarianisation of geopolitics in the Middle East. - Emphasising the central role of diasporic networks in the Middle East and Europe in mobilising Shii communities and in influencing discourses and agendas of clerical authorities based in Iraq and Iran. - Exploring new modes of cultural production in the form of a modern Shii aesthetics articulated in ritual practices, visual art, poetry and new media and thus creating a more holistic narrative on Shii religio-political mobilisation.
Project acronym AMBH
Project Ancient Music Beyond Hellenisation
Researcher (PI) Stefan HAGEL
Host Institution (HI) OESTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN
Summary From medieval times, Arabic as well as European music was analysed in terms that were inherited from Classical Antiquity and had thus developed in a very different music culture. In spite of recent breakthroughs in the understanding of the latter, whose technicalities we access not only through texts and iconography, but also through instrument finds and surviving notated melodies, its relation to music traditions known from later periods and different places is almost uncharted territory. The present project explores relations between Hellenic/Hellenistic music as pervaded the theatres and concert halls throughout and beyond the Roman empire, Near Eastern traditions – from the diatonic system emerging from cuneiform sources to the flourishing musical world of the caliphates – and, as far as possible, African musical life south of Egypt as well – a region that maintained close ties both with the Hellenised culture of its northern neighbours and with the Arabian Peninsula. On the one hand, this demands collaboration between Classical Philology and Arabic Studies, extending methods recently developed within music archaeological research related to the Classical Mediterranean. Arabic writings need to be examined in close reading, using recent insights into the interplay between ancient music theory and practice, in order to segregate the influence of Greek thinking from ideas and facts that must relate to contemporaneous ‘Arabic’ music-making. In this way we hope better to define the relation of this tradition to the ‘Classical world’, potentially breaking free of Orientalising bias informing modern views. On the other hand, the study and reconstruction, virtual and material, of wind instruments of Hellenistic pedigree but found outside the confinements of the Hellenistic ‘heartlands’ may provide evidence of ‘foreign’ tonality employed in those regions – specifically the royal city of Meroë in modern Sudan and the Oxus Temple in modern Tajikistan.
From medieval times, Arabic as well as European music was analysed in terms that were inherited from Classical Antiquity and had thus developed in a very different music culture. In spite of recent breakthroughs in the understanding of the latter, whose technicalities we access not only through texts and iconography, but also through instrument finds and surviving notated melodies, its relation to music traditions known from later periods and different places is almost uncharted territory. The present project explores relations between Hellenic/Hellenistic music as pervaded the theatres and concert halls throughout and beyond the Roman empire, Near Eastern traditions – from the diatonic system emerging from cuneiform sources to the flourishing musical world of the caliphates – and, as far as possible, African musical life south of Egypt as well – a region that maintained close ties both with the Hellenised culture of its northern neighbours and with the Arabian Peninsula. On the one hand, this demands collaboration between Classical Philology and Arabic Studies, extending methods recently developed within music archaeological research related to the Classical Mediterranean. Arabic writings need to be examined in close reading, using recent insights into the interplay between ancient music theory and practice, in order to segregate the influence of Greek thinking from ideas and facts that must relate to contemporaneous ‘Arabic’ music-making. In this way we hope better to define the relation of this tradition to the ‘Classical world’, potentially breaking free of Orientalising bias informing modern views. On the other hand, the study and reconstruction, virtual and material, of wind instruments of Hellenistic pedigree but found outside the confinements of the Hellenistic ‘heartlands’ may provide evidence of ‘foreign’ tonality employed in those regions – specifically the royal city of Meroë in modern Sudan and the Oxus Temple in modern Tajikistan.
Project acronym AN-ICON
Project An-Iconology: History, Theory, and Practices of Environmental Images
Researcher (PI) andrea PINOTTI
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO
Summary "Recent developments in image-making techniques have resulted in a drastic blurring of the threshold between the world of the image and the real world. Immersive and interactive virtual environments have enabled the production of pictures that elicit in the perceiver a strong feeling of being incorporated in a quasi-real world. In doing so such pictures conceal their mediateness (their being based on a material support), their referentiality (their pointing to an extra-iconic dimension), and their separateness (normally assured by framing devices), paradoxically challenging their status as images, as icons: they are veritable “an-icons”. This kind of pictures undermines the mainstream paradigm of Western image theories, shared by major models such as the doctrine of mimesis, the phenomenological account of image-consciousness, the analytic theories of depiction, the semiotic and iconological methods. These approaches miss the key counter-properties regarding an-icons as ""environmental"" images: their immediateness, unframedness, and presentness. Subjects relating to an-icons are no longer visual observers of images; they are experiencers living in a quasi-real environment that allows multisensory affordances and embodied agencies. AN-ICON aims to develop “an-iconology” as a new methodological approach able to address this challenging iconoscape. Such an approach needs to be articulated in a transdisciplinary and transmedial way: 1) HISTORY – a media-archaeological reconstruction will provide a taxonomy of the manifold an-iconic strategies (e.g. illusionistic painting, pre-cinematic dispositifs, 3D films, video games, head mounted displays); 2) THEORY – an experiential account (drawing on phenomenology, visual culture and media studies) will identify the an-iconic key concepts; 3) PRACTICES – a socio-cultural section will explore the multifaceted impact of an-iconic images, environments and technologies on contemporary professional domains as well as on everyday life. "
"Recent developments in image-making techniques have resulted in a drastic blurring of the threshold between the world of the image and the real world. Immersive and interactive virtual environments have enabled the production of pictures that elicit in the perceiver a strong feeling of being incorporated in a quasi-real world. In doing so such pictures conceal their mediateness (their being based on a material support), their referentiality (their pointing to an extra-iconic dimension), and their separateness (normally assured by framing devices), paradoxically challenging their status as images, as icons: they are veritable “an-icons”. This kind of pictures undermines the mainstream paradigm of Western image theories, shared by major models such as the doctrine of mimesis, the phenomenological account of image-consciousness, the analytic theories of depiction, the semiotic and iconological methods. These approaches miss the key counter-properties regarding an-icons as ""environmental"" images: their immediateness, unframedness, and presentness. Subjects relating to an-icons are no longer visual observers of images; they are experiencers living in a quasi-real environment that allows multisensory affordances and embodied agencies. AN-ICON aims to develop “an-iconology” as a new methodological approach able to address this challenging iconoscape. Such an approach needs to be articulated in a transdisciplinary and transmedial way: 1) HISTORY – a media-archaeological reconstruction will provide a taxonomy of the manifold an-iconic strategies (e.g. illusionistic painting, pre-cinematic dispositifs, 3D films, video games, head mounted displays); 2) THEORY – an experiential account (drawing on phenomenology, visual culture and media studies) will identify the an-iconic key concepts; 3) PRACTICES – a socio-cultural section will explore the multifaceted impact of an-iconic images, environments and technologies on contemporary professional domains as well as on everyday life. "
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Geronimo Energy Sells Portfolio of Wind and Solar Energy Projects to BHE Renewables
Projects located in Nebraska, Minnesota and Illinois total over 650 megawatts of clean energy
May 22, 2015 (FPRC) -- Geronimo Energy, LLC (“Geronimo”) is pleased to announce the sale of a portfolio of its wind and solar energy projects to BHE Renewables, LLC (“BHE Renewables”), a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Energy. Included in the portfolio acquired by BHE Renewables are: the Grande Prairie Wind Farm (“Grande Prairie”) in Holt County, Nebraska; the Walnut Ridge Wind Farm (“Walnut Ridge”) in Bureau County, Illinois; and a portfolio of Minnesota solar project developments (“the Solar Portfolio”).
Each of the acquired projects will bring substantial economic impact to its local host area, including funds from additional tax revenue, landowner payments and other contributions to the local community, as well as the creation of both part-time and full-time permanent local jobs.
Grande Prairie is a 400 megawatt (“MW”) wind farm development located in northeastern Nebraska. Omaha Public Power District (“OPPD”) has contracted to purchase the entire 400 MW of Grande Prairie’s capacity. Once constructed, Grande Prairie will be the largest wind energy project in the state of Nebraska and will increase the state’s wind energy capacity by approximately 50 percent. Construction of Grande Prairie is expected to begin in 2015, with commercial operation beginning in 2016.
Walnut Ridge is an up to 225 MW wind farm development located in north central Illinois. The General Services Administration (“GSA”) of the United States Federal Government has entered into a Power Purchase Agreement (“PPA”) for 140 MW of Walnut Ridge’s capacity. Development of Walnut Ridge is expected to continue throughout 2015 with plans to construct the facility in 2016.
The Solar Portfolio includes seven solar developments throughout the state of Minnesota and is part of Xcel Energy’s Community Solar Garden Program. Construction of the Solar Portfolio is anticipated to occur in 2016 and is being marketed towards Xcel Energy’s Solar Rewards Community Program. Current subscribers to the Solar Portfolio include, but are not limited to, St. Paul Public Housing Agency, St. Olaf College and District Cooling St. Paul (an affiliate of District Energy St. Paul).
“We are excited to work with BHE Renewables, one of the most capable owners of renewable projects in the world, to bring these projects to fruition,” says Geronimo Energy President, Blake Nixon. “Our relationship with BHE Renewables will help us deliver on our promise to positively impact the projects’ host community economies and make substantial investments in America’s farmland.”
“BHE Renewables looks forward to becoming a part of the local communities where these projects are located,” said Bill Fehrman, president and CEO of BHE Renewables. “Our team understands the positive impact these projects will have on the local economy with jobs, landowner lease payments and additional tax revenue for the counties, schools, fire districts and townships.”
About Geronimo Energy
Geronimo Energy is a utility-scale renewable energy development company headquartered in Edina, Minnesota. Geronimo has developed multiple operating wind farms and solar projects throughout the Midwestern United States. Approximately 1,000 MW of wind projects and 200 MW of solar projects developed by Geronimo throughout the Midwest are expected to be constructed by the end of 2016. Geronimo has a multi-gigawatt development pipeline of wind and solar projects in various stages of development throughout the United States. Geronimo provides custom renewable energy development solutions for utilities and corporations looking to harness renewable energy for business growth. For more information about Geronimo Energy, visit www.geronimoenergy.com.
About BHE Renewables
BHE Renewables is a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Energy and is headquartered in Des Moines, Iowa. Since 2011, BHE Renewables has invested extensively in solar, wind, geothermal and hydro projects. As a long-term owner of assets, the company’s wind projects include the 300-megawatt Jumbo Road project near Hereford, Texas; 168-megawatt Pinyon Pines I and 132-megawatt Pinyon Pines II projects, located near Tehachapi, California; 81-megawatt Bishop Hill II project in Henry County, Illinois; 400-megawatt Grande Prairie project in Holt County, Nebraska, which will begin construction in 2015; and an up to 225-megawatt Walnut Ridge project in Bureau County, Illinois, which is still in development. The company’s photovoltaic solar projects include the 550-megawatt Topaz Solar Farms in San Luis Obispo County, Calif.; the 579-megawatt Solar Star projects, two projects co-located in Kern and Los Angeles counties in California; a 49 percent ownership interest in the 290-megawatt Agua Caliente project in Yuma County, Ariz.; and a portfolio of Minnesota solar project developments. More information is available at www.bherenewables.com.
Send an email to Lindsay T. Smith of Geronimo Energy
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In 150 Words: Remembering Pagoda Philippines and Family Rubbing Alcohol Ads
FTT Year 2016 in Review: The 20 Stories That Define the Year in Media (Part I)
Overview of PNoy's Final SONA Coverage
1995 Flashback: Eat Bulaga Goes from 2 to 7
The Tulfo Brothers and Pickup Lines
In 100 Words: TV5's 'Choose Courage' Station ID
Tag Archives: Eugenio ‘Gabby’ Lopez III
news, Philippines, television
The World Tonight 50th Anniversary Documentary, Coming Soon
December 14, 2016 ralphierce1986 EDSA Revolution, 1986 People Power Revolution, ABS-CBN, ABS-CBN 50 years, ABS-CBN 50th anniversary, ABS-CBN Channel 2, ABS-CBN Channel 3, ABS-CBN Channel 9, ABS-CBN golden anniversary, ABS-CBN News, ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs, ABS-CBN News Channel, ANC X, Angelo Castro Jr., Cathy Yang, Ces Drilon, Dyan Castillejo, EDSA Dos, EDSA Dos 2001, EDSA Tres, EDSA Tres 2001, Eugenio 'Gabby' Lopez III, Ging Reyes, Loren Legarda, Makati, Martial Law, Martial Law 1972, Martial Law in the Philippines, Orly Mercado, President of the Philippines, Rockwell Center, Teddy Locsin Jr., The World Tonight, The World Tonight 50 years, The World Tonight 50 years documentary, The World Tonight 50th anniversary, The World Tonight 50th anniversary documentary, The World Tonight ABS-CBN, The World Tonight ANC, The World Tonight documentary, The World Tonight golden anniversary, Tina Monzon-Palma, TJ Manotoc, Tony Velasquez 7 Comments
‘The World Tonight’ celebrates its 50th anniversary, with a documentary commemorating the milestone to air soon on the ABS-CBN News Channel. (Logo courtesy of ABS-CBN)
‘The World Tonight’, the Philippines’ longest-running English newscast, is 50 years old.
The gold standard among local newscasts, ‘The World Tonight’ has been on the air since November 21, 1966. The newscast became a witness to some of the country’s greatest moments, having covered the beginning of Martial Law, three EDSA People Power revolutions, seven Philippine presidential administrations, and other notable events.
Over the years, journalists such as Orly Mercado, Loren Legarda, Ces Drilon, Dyan Castillejo, Tina Monzon-Palma and the late Angelo Castro Jr. have become synonymous with ‘The World Tonight’. These days, lead anchor Tina Monzon-Palma, co-anchors Tony Velasquez, Cathy Yang and TJ Manotoc, and commentator Teddy Locsin Jr. continue to uphold its tradition of journalistic excellence.
‘The World Tonight’ endured four different stops during its 50-year run (technically 36 years thanks to Martial Law). They are:
ABS-CBN Channel 9 (1966-67)
ABS-CBN News Channel (1996-present)
While ‘The World Tonight’ lost 14 of its years to Martial Law, there is no denying the impact the newscast has had on the Filipino nation. And, like ABS-CBN’s golden anniversary celebration in 2003, the network decided to honor the 14 lost years of ‘The World Tonight’ in commemorating its 50th year, since it remains an important part of their history.
As announced during the second ANC X event in Rockwell, Makati, a documentary commemorating ‘The World Tonight”s 50th anniversary will air on ANC very soon. It will feature interviews from some of ‘The World Tonight”s past and present anchors, producers, and even ABS-CBN’s braintrust led by chairman Eugenio ‘Gabby’ Lopez III.
ABS-CBN Integrated News and Current Affairs head Ging Reyes paid tribute to ‘The World Tonight’ during the ANC X event, saying:
“’The World Tonight’ and ANC are one in keeping the Filipino audience informed and enlightened through all these years; two institutions that keep pushing for public enlightenment – the very foundation of any democracy. May these two strong institutions outlive us all.”
Indeed they are. And after 50 years, ‘The World Tonight’ is still going strong.
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Brand USA launches GoUSA TV
BrandUSA, the destination marketing organization for the United States, launched GoUSA TV, a first-of-its-kind connected TV network, featuring best-in-class created, curated and licensed video content to inspire, invite and welcome travelers to visit the USA.
As the go-to channel and definitive source to find real, authentic and on-demand video content about travel experiences in the USA, GoUSA TV will offer a rich library of single episode and episodic content that allows audiences to explore and experience the USA through short, medium and long-form videos. The service is now available on Roku, Apple TV and Amazon Fire TV in the United States and across the globe. In 2019, GoUSA TV will launch on Google Chromecast and leading platforms in China.
With many consumers tuning in to digital video and streaming TV in staggering numbers, Connected TV and Video on Demand (VOD) is a growing global phenomenon that represents a significant opportunity for BrandUSA to expand its storytelling platform and reach in key international markets. Per an April 2016 report from Nielsen, 65% of internet users worldwide watched some type of video-on-demand (VOD), including both short-form and long-form content. In particular, North America, Latin America, Europe and Asia-Pacific (led by Japan, India, South Korea, China and Australia) have all shown steady growth in VOD adoption. In its first year online GoUSA TV hopes to generate three million views.
GoUSA TV's debut comes as Brand USA prepares for the global premiere of America's Musical Journey, its second giant-screen film together with MacGillivray Freeman Films and global presenting sponsor, Expedia, Inc., on February 15, 2018. The channel illustrates another key pillar of the organization's digital screen strategy – mobile to giant screen and everything in between – to drive storytelling that is relevant, engaging and real – from quick, snackable content to immersive, lean in and lean back viewing moments.
GoUSA TV audiences will have access to a wide array of experiences across 4 different category and experience playlists. Initial categories include the Great Outdoors, Road Trips, Food & Drink, Culture & Events. Currently, GoUSA TV is in the process of enriching its programming content and will expand its library to feature more themes and formats, including series, films and live videos.
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Why Iran’s teachers are protesting?
PMOI/MEK staff writer
May 12, 2018 – Since Thursday, May 10, many cities across Iran have seen protests by teachers and other education workers. The protesters demand the Iranian regime to respect the most basic rights of teachers, students and the people of Iran.
Already, in less than two days, the protests have spread to more than 30 cities. Teachers have been protesting over the government’s mismanagement causing unemployment, unpaid wages, and inflation. However, this new wave of teachers’ protests is the largest one of its kind Iran has seen in the past year. The protests are taking place despite the regime’s crackdown on demonstrations and assemblies across the country. The teachers of Iran, who will be training and educating the future generations of Iran, are teaching their students a different lesson, and their classroom is the streets.
Where are the protests taking place?
Iranian teachers in all major cities and provinces have joined the protests, including Tehran, Isfahan, Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Khorasan, Azerbaijan, Gilan, and others. In Tehran, the teachers gathered in front of the parliament and the premises of the regime’s Planning and Budget Organization.
What makes this significant is that these protests are taking place against the backdrop of protests and demonstrations taking place across Iran, including the merchants and shop owner in the country’s western provinces, farmers in Isfahan, and the clients of government-backed financial institutions across the country.
What are the teachers’ demands?
The underserved teachers of Iran are demanding for what can only be described as the most basic rights that any teacher should benefit from. Some of them include:
Removing any form of discrimination against religious and ethnic minorities in the education system: The Iranian regime is notoriously renowned for its discrimination against minorities in all domains, including education. This does not bode well with the teachers of Iran, who believe everyone should be given equal opportunity to learn and teach.
The release of detained teachers and political prisoners: The Iranian regime has detained a number of teachers because of their active role in protests and working to restore the rights of teachers. Among them is Esmail Abdi, a teacher, and activist who has been long persecuted by the regime and is currently in jail.
Increase in teachers’ wages: Teachers are among the poorest and yet the hardest working classes of Iran’s society. Their wages are below the poverty line. Some have to work on multiple shifts or engage in side occupations to make ends meet.
Free and quality education for all children: According to the regime’s own media, Iran has millions of child laborers. A healthy, governmentfunded education system would put more children in school. But instead of spending its budget on schools and education, the Iranian prioritizes its expenditures on foreign wars and strengthening its security and repression apparatus.
How has the regime responded?
As with all protests taking place across Iran, the regime has responded by force. In Tehran, the regime’s security forces cracked down on the teachers’ gathering, arresting dozens and injuring many others. But the teachers resisted and continued their protests. Security forces are confiscating mobile phones and other communication devices to prevent teachers from spreading the news of their protests. In Bojnourd, security forces surrounded the protesting teachers to prevent others from taking pictures.
The network of PMOI/MEK have nonetheless been able to acquire many pictures and videos from the teacher protests taking place across Iran.
Iran’s Ballistic Build Up
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May 29, 2019 Reza 0
IRAN REGIME’S FAKE NEWS CAMPAIGN
Deaths in Iran’s notorious prisons on the rise
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How should online teacher programs be judged?
A fight over accountability pits Obama administration against online teaching schools
by Ting Yu
Do teachers who learn the job online perform as well as teachers trained in the same kind of brick-and-mortar classroom they’re likely to teach in? A new set of proposals to regulate online teacher preparation programs from the federal government is an effort to find out which programs are working and which aren’t, but it’s facing widespread opposition from the world of distance learning.
Late in 2014, the Department of Education revealed its plans to ramp up accountability for education schools, which have come under fire in recent years for lax admissions standards and questionable rigor. The move sparked a deluge of 4,800 mostly critical letters, calling out federal overreach into state affairs and denouncing reforms that would “extend the ‘test and punish’ accountability model into higher education.”
Now the DOE is grappling with how to apply its controversial rules to online teacher preparation programs, which have become the top providers of education degrees in the country. (A month-long public comment period closed on May 2.) The country’s 2,100 education schools offer a staggering 28,000 teacher certification and degree programs. At a fundamental level, online schools fear that having separate evaluation methods from brick-and-mortar campuses would set them apart and diminish their status.
Related: Data on teacher prep grads will soon lead to consequences for some programs
The DOE’s proposal requires every state to issue a rating to online programs that grant 25 or more teaching certificates in that state. This means, for example, that the University of Phoenix, a for-profit institution which operates online in 42 states, would potentially receive 42 separate ratings. Beyond the bureaucratic burden, online universities argue that comparing ratings will be useless since each state can assign different weight to the four evaluation metrics, creating an “apples to oranges” mismatch across state lines.
“If you look at the evidence, online programs are where a lot of teachers are getting their master’s degrees so they can climb the salary schedule with complete lack of rigor.”
Kate Walsh of the National Council on Teacher Quality
The ratings would be tied to eligibility for federal TEACH grants, which reward high-performing teachers who pledge to work in high-need schools and subjects. If an online program gets two “at risk” or “low performing” ratings from any states within a three-year period, all students of that program—even those in states that gave the program high marks—would be ineligible for TEACH grants.
The policy would put states in “the uncomfortable position of potentially disqualifying students from other states for TEACH grants,” contends a letter submitted by Walden University, a for-profit online university which is the fourth largest provider of education degrees in the nation.
In an email, Dr. Kate Steffens, dean of Walden’s education college, called the department’s regulations a “costly federal intrusion” into the operations of states and institutions. The DOE estimates the implementation will cost states $42.1 million over 10 years and has offered no federal assistance. Critics say the cost will be much higher and will drain funds from other programs.
Sharon Robinson, president and CEO of the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education, points out that online programs are already subject to state accreditation and internal evaluations. “Why go through the torture of creating something punitive,” she says of the proposed ratings system. “There are a number of ways to be accountable and also to inspire ambitions for improvement.”
Robinson supports performance-based teacher assessments like edTPA and investing in programs such as the Teacher Quality Partnership grants which seek to boost innovations in teacher preparation through collaborations between higher education, school districts, and local education agencies.
Related: Why Don’t More Teachers Like the edTPA
“There’s a right place” for accountability, Robinson says. “It’s not to intimidate students or require them to sink or swim, but to put them in safe water where they can find their own foundation for professional growth.”
2,100 education schools offer 28,000 teacher certification and degree programs
But Kate Walsh of the National Council on Teacher Quality says accountability in online teacher preparation is practically nonexistent. “If you look at the evidence, [online programs are] where a lot of teachers are getting their master’s degrees so they can climb the salary schedule with complete lack of rigor,” she said. “Why should we ask teachers to get degrees in name only? It’s wasting their time and money, and the only result I can see is that a lot of institutions are making a lot of money.”
Walsh says she hopes more online programs follow in the footsteps of programs like Western Governors University which earned the top spot in a joint ranking by NCTQ and U.S. News and World Report. “They make sure elementary teachers know how to teach reading. With student teaching, they don’t try to do that online. They make sure that person is assigned to a local mentor, and it’s well supervised,” she said. “It shows that when content takes precedence over convenience, you get a pretty good product.”
This story was produced by The Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Read more about teacher preparation.
The first year of teaching doesn’t have to feel like a fraternity hazing
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ICTR in the News: On-Site Ecstasy Pill-Testing Services May Reduce User Risks at Concerts and Raves
The following article profiles work performed by ICTR researcher Matthew W. Johnson, Ph.D., associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Credit: iStock
Johns Hopkins scientists report that data collected over five years by volunteers who tested pills free of charge at music festivals and raves across the United States suggest that at least some recreational users of illegal drugs may choose not to take them if tests show the pills are adulterated or fake.
Their findings, published online July 10 in the Journal of Psychopharmacology, also revealed that pills purported to be a purer and safer version of the illegal stimulant drug MDMA known as Molly contained as many harmful additives as the version known as Ecstasy. And, unlike older analyses that found different results, the most common adulterants in this study were chemicals commonly known as “bath salts.”
The researchers say their study adds critical evidence that on-site pill-testing services may be a valuable public health and safety tool.
“People would be safest not taking any street drugs at all, but if free, no-fault testing can reduce deaths and other catastrophic consequences, it may be a service worth having,” saysMatthew W. Johnson, Ph.D., associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. “Our results suggest that some people will reject taking a pill to get high if it doesn’t contain what they thought it did, or has harmful additives.”
MDMA is a drug with both stimulant and psychedelic properties favored by music festival and rave goers to induce euphoria and heightened sensations. On its own, MDMA carries risks ranging from nausea, hyperthermia, dehydration and chills to, more rarely, seizures. Additives and fillers such as caffeine and forms of amphetamine can lead to overdosing and death.
Between July 2010 and July 2015, volunteers for the nonprofit DanceSafe tested samples of pills or powder believed by music festival and rave attendees to be MDMA. The testing was free and advertised by word of mouth.
To test the pills, the volunteers were equipped with chemical kits and a means of scraping about one milligram off the pill or collecting it out of a capsule. The sample was added to multiple chemicals that changed color in the presence of specific pill components.
The resulting colors of the tested sample were matched up with a color chart of 29 known substances, such as cocaine, caffeine or sugar. Those not matching a listed substance were reported as unknown, and the color test isn’t sensitive enough to detect minute quantities of chemicals. The tests also can’t provide information on concentration.
Of the 529 total samples collected, 318 (about 60 percent) actually contained MDMA or the closely related drug MDA. The chemical adulterants weren’t identifiable using the color test in 90 of the 211 adulterated samples, but the most common ones found were compounds better known as bath salts, specifically methylone in 35 and other cathinones in 21 of the adulterated samples. After these, methamphetamine was the next most common additive in 13 of the adulterated samples. Three samples contained a dangerous form of amphetamine known as PMA, which is associated with overdoses and death.
“People who take pills and first responders need to know that no matter how the pills are branded or what name they are sold as, they almost always contain a mix of ingredients,” says Johnson. “Our results should discourage a false sense of security about the purity and safety of so-called Molly.”
After the volunteers reported the results of the test to the festival-goers, the participants were asked if they still intended to take the pill or powder. Of the 168 participant responses, 46 percent of those whose substances contained MDMA said they intended to take their drug, compared with 26 percent of participants whose substances tested negative for MDMA.
The investigators caution that the volunteers weren’t able to confirm whether participants took or didn’t take the pills, and it is possible some gave them away, sold them or failed to dispose of them safely.
They also underscore the ongoing debate about the legality and value of pill-testing services, given the weaknesses in such studies and the resources pill testing requires. Hosts of music festivals can be reluctant to allow pill- testing on site because it may make them liable to prosecution for knowingly allowing people to use drugs on their property, the researchers say.
Johnson says his team’s research highlights the potential public health value of reducing the risks of illegal drug use, and says the development of additional ways to assess more dangerous street drugs, such as fentanyl and carfentanil, might offer a means of reducing the growing epidemic of fatalities associated with them.
In 2014, the federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration conducted a survey reporting that almost seven percent of the U.S. population over age 12 had used Ecstasy at least once, which translates to 20 million people. The Drug Abuse Warning Network reported that visits to emergency rooms from 2004 to 2011 rose by 120 percent because of Ecstasy toxicity. The pills are often sold for $10 to $20 on the street or at dancing events.
Additional authors include Sarah Saleemi and Steven Pennybaker of Johns Hopkins and Missi Wooldridge of Healthy Nightlife, LLC. Johnson is part of the Behavioral Pharmacology Unit at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center.
Lauren Nelson
laurennelson@jhmi.edu
Vanessa McMains
vmcmain1@jhmi.edu
Source: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/on_site_ecstasy_pill_testing_services_may_reduce_user_risks_at_concerts_and_raves
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j.j. toothman
Revisiting The Beatles Albums: Revolver
J.J. Toothman September 24, 2009 0 Comments
Depending on what day you ask me, Revolver is either my favorite album by The Beatles, one of my 20 favorite albums of all time, or, quite simply, the greatest record I have ever listened to.
It is the album that has a little bit of everything.
The song that makes a social statement – “Taxman”
A fun sing-along with Ringo track – “Yellow Submarine”
Majestic fusions of pop and classical music – “Eleanor Rigby”
Good old-fashioned rockers: “And Your Bird Can Sing” and “I Want to Tell You”
Feel good inspirationals: “Good Day Sunshine” and “Got to Get You Into My Life”
Trippy pop psychedila: “Tomorrow Never Knows”
While I can’t go back in time to April 6, 1966, I find it fun to imagine listening to these albums in the context of their time. Imagine being that Beatles fan who went to the record store on April 6, 1966 to pick up the new record by the Beatles. You first come face to face with an album cover of unconventional imagery – rich with layers to explore using the naked eye. You take the album home, unwrap it, pull out the vinyl from the sleeve and stick the needle on song 1 of side 1. Taxman starts the album off pretty normally by mid-60s rock standards, but that second song…the one with no drums, no bass, and no electric guitar. The one that sounds like the London Philharmonic invaded it. About a woman “Wearing a face that she keeps in the jar by the door”. THAT song. What the hell would you possibly think about that? It doesn’t quite hit you. And you wonder if that’s even a rock and roll song. Or why is there classical music on a Beatles album. Whatever you think, you can’t deny that it has impact. And you can’t deny that is … well, precious.
But that’s the real beauty of Revolver. Something truly unique and completely different from the song preceding it lurks beyond every 5 second space between tracks. Imagine being a teenager in 1966…getting lost in side 1 while staring into infinite space at and through that album cover. “She Said She Said” fades out on side 1 before you even look up and realize what the hell is happening. And what’s happening if your perception of “what is rock music?” has been forever altered.
By the time you reach the end of side 2, you’ve travelled through about 10 different genres of music. Including Middle Eastern and Big Band. And when you reach the end, you are confronted – and I do mean CONFRONTED – with “Tomorrow Never Knows”.
Hindsight is always 20-20 and we know what tomorrow did bring for The Beatles. It brought us Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. Personally, I find it impossible to listen to “Tomorrow Never Knows” and not think about Sgt. Peppers. It’s as if there was some grand scheme to the Beatles and the 60’s that I’ll never truly understand. After all, I wasn’t there.
Perhaps trying to read too much into the meanings and agenda of the latter half of The Beatles albums is the mistake. The critical acclaim and symbolic awarding of best album ever to Sgt Peppers always confused me a bit. Now…understand what Springsteen would tell you: that musicians use music to express an emotion and capture it within a moment of time. Given that, I suppose you have to use the full context surrounding a album of recorded music in giving it any kind of review. But at the end of the day, we’re talking about a collection of songs. And the collection on Revolver always seemed a bit superior to anything else The Beatles did.
The Beatles Remastered
© 2019 Candid Theme by Array.
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8 blockbusters that SRK rejected in his career
Pallabi Chatterjee
NewsBytes 16 May 2019
16 May 2019: 8 blockbusters that SRK rejected in his career
Shah Rukh Khan is flying to New York to appear on noted television host David Letterman's popular talk-show My Next Guest Needs No Introduction, which airs on Netflix.
And like the show-title, SRK truly needs no introduction.
He has done over 80 Bollywood films, and many are notable ones.
However, do you know he rejected some fine pieces that went on to become blockbusters?
KNPH (2000): The film that marked Hrithik's entry was offered to SRK
Did you know Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai that established Hrithik Roshan in Bollywood was first offered to SRK?
It was Hrithik who suggested his father Rakesh Roshan to opt for a fresh face, as he had done endless number of movies with SRK, and Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai might not click.
Rest is history.
In 2000, SRK appeared in movies like Josh, and Mohabbatein.
Lagaan (2001): SRK was offered to play Aamir's Bhuvan?
A year later, Shah Rukh rejected another landmark film that went on to become an Oscar nomination, Lagaan.
Yes, director Ashutosh Gowariker had asked SRK to play Bhuvan, which eventually went to Aamir Khan, and catapulted him to new heights of success.
Notably, Aamir was also not impressed with the Lagaan script initially, and had called it a "bizarre thought and a strange story."
Munna Bhai (2003): Shah Rukh was thought as Munna, Dutt as Circuit
The 2003 film Munna Bhai MBBS is indescribable.
It is funny, has a message, and Sanjay Dutt, Arshad Warsi, Boman Irani and Gracy Singh were all top-notch.
Now, imagine SRK as Munnabhai, as he was producer Vidhu Vinod Chopra's first choice, and Dutt was to be Circuit.
However, Shah Rukh opted out of the film because of his ill-health.
Thankfully (?) he did that!
RDB (2006): Shah Rukh didn't want to play second fiddle to Aamir
Rang De Basanti remains as one the biggest blockbusters of Bollywood.
It had Aamir Khan, Sharman Joshi, R Madhavan, Kunal Kapoor, Soha Ali Khan in key roles.
Now, here's a fun fact: Shah Rukh was offered the role of Air Force pilot essayed by R Madhavan, but he rejected it since he didn't want to play second fiddle to Aamir.
What a loss!
Jodhaa Akbar (2008): The superstar was not comfortable with shooting locations
Gowariker wanted to work with Shah Rukh again despite their debacle, Swades (2004).
So, he offered the actor Jodhaa Akbar.
However, he refused to play the role as he wasn't comfortable with the shooting locations, and also wanted to spend time with his family.
It later went to Hrithik, who played Akbar like a dream. Aishwarya Rai Bachchan was his Jodha.
Slumdog (2008): Danny Boyle visited SRK's residence, actor refused to meet him
Danny Boyle's Slumdog Millionaire won eight Academy Awards, and created history in the world of cinema.
Anil Kapoor, who played the role of quiz master Prem Kumar, can thank SRK for the accolades he still receives.
That's because that role was first offered to the latter.
Apparently, though Danny visited SRK's residence Mannat, the actor didn't meet him, and it eventually went to Anil.
3 Idiots (2009): SRK called himself "4th Idiot" for rejecting this Hirani masterpiece
In 2016, Shah Rukh called himself the "4th Idiot," for rejecting Rajkumar Hirani's 3 Idiots citing date issues.
The role of Rancho was to go to SRK, which of course, later was intelligently portrayed by Aamir.
In 2009, Shah Rukh appeared in two movies, Billu, produced by him, starring Irrfan Khan and Lara Dutt, and Luck By Chance, and none were full-fledged roles.
Robot (2010): SRK had a fallout with director Shankar over script, CG
Well, well, this is a surprise entry, but it is a fact.
SRK walked out of Robot because he had suggested some changes in the script, but director S Shankar refused those.
Another reason why the two clashed was because Shankar wanted to do the film's Computer Graphics (CG) through Hollywood's Stan Winston studios, but SRK wanted Red Chillies VFX to do it.
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Better Things is the story of Sam Fox (Pamela Adlon), a single mother and working actor with no filter, raising her three daughters, Max (Mikey Madison), Frankie (Hannah Alligood) and Duke (Olivia Edward) in Los Angeles. She also looks after her mother, Phil (Celia Imrie), an English expatriate with questionable faculties who lives across the street.
Whether she’s struggling to keep her daughters close or trying to push one of them out of the nest, Sam approaches every challenge with fierce love, raw honesty, and humor. At the end of the day, Sam’s just trying to earn a living, navigate her daughters’ changing lives, survive her family, have fun with a friend or two, and also – just maybe – squeeze in some private time.
Better Things, Season 3
© 2019 FX Productions, LLC. All rights reserved.
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Jewish Women, Amplified
Still She Rose
by Ellie Kahn
You may shoot me with your words,
You may cut me with your eyes,
You may kill me with your hatefulness,
But still I rise.
It’s hard to rise above the fray. To disregard all of the weight attached to us, to be free. There are many aspects of life that will try to ground us, to clip our wings and to take away our voices, but it is the voices that demand to be heard that guide us. Maya Angelou had one of those voices. In all aspects, she was a whirlwind force to be reckoned with. She excelled as a poet, author, singer, dancer, professor, screenwriter, actress, advocate, and avid feminist. Her acclaimed body of work, such as the poem “Phenomenal Woman” and the book I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, depict women, long considered vulnerable, as strong, powerful, and capable human beings. She spoke out in favor of abortion rights and against rape and violence towards women. Angelou worked to correct the many of the stereotypes unjustly assigned to women and urged unity and support, saying that “each time a woman stands up for herself, without knowing it possibly, without claiming it, she stands up for all women.”
Maya Angelou was an exceedingly influential and empowering leader, but injustice against women wasn’t the only movement on which she left her mark: she was also very involved in the Civil Rights movement. Working alongside activists such as Malcolm X, Gloria Steinem, and Martin Luther King Jr., she lobbied and marched during the height of the movement and joined the ranks of leaders in the Civil Rights movement. Angelou worked tirelessly to speak up and lend her voice to thousands of African Americans fighting to end segregation and discrimination.
Maya Angelou’s flowing words and passionate speeches make it nearly impossible to imagine a world in which her voice was silent, yet there was a time. After being born in the heart of Missouri in 1928, Maya experienced trauma from a young age, facing discrimination and racism in her town on a daily basis while living with her grandmother. At eight years old, Maya was raped by a family friend, who was then killed by one of her uncles in an act of vengeance. Maya became silent, and didn’t utter a single word for the next five years. Tragedy had a physical impact on her: it took away her voice. She became silent because she believed that it was the act of speaking out that had resulted in a murder. At the age of thirteen, however, Maya found her voice and discovered its power. Tragedy may take away a part of someone, but it can never fully define them.
Maya’s act of losing and then finding her voice really speaks to me. In certain situations, I have found myself silent, both by force and by choice. Maya taught me that power comes from deciding to transcend that silence, and to speak up and shout even louder than before. And shout she did. Maya learned how to lend her voice to others when she wrote, spoke, marched, lobbied, fought, and rose up for civil rights and women’s rights.
Maya herself understood the weight of suppression and containment, so she spent her life helping people to transcend their oppression. She knew that injustice is kept going by silence, and that the act of withholding one’s thoughts and ideas keeps oppression and discrimination going. It is only when one challenges the injustice that it can be resolved.
Out of the huts of history’s shame
Up from a past that’s rooted in pain
I’m a black ocean, leaping and wide,
Welling and swelling I bear in the tide.
Behind every large movement’s fight is a voice calling for the end of oppression. Since its inception, I have been an avid follower of Black Lives Matter, a campaign aiming to end police brutality, oppression, and discrimination against African Americans in the United States. This movement was started in the aftermath of the deaths of young black citizens including Trayvon Martin, Eric Garner, and Michael Brown, killed by white men never held accountable for their crimes. The voices of Martin, Garner and Brown were all ones silenced by the sounds of gunfire and racism, but their thoughts and ideas live on through the protesters fighting for their justice. By writing, thinking, talking, and arguing against injustice, it is possible to bring justice to the crimes that silence. Maya Angelou discovered this and taught it to me, along with the many people whose lives she touched.
Leaving behind nights of terror and fear
Into a daybreak that’s wondrously clear
Bringing the gifts that my ancestors gave,
I am the dream and the hope of the slave.
I rise.
This piece was written as part of JWA’s Rising Voices Fellowship.
Topics: Civil Rights, Feminism
Kahn, Ellie. "Still She Rose." 17 March 2015. Jewish Women's Archive. (Viewed on July 15, 2019) <https://jwa.org/blog/risingvoices/still-she-rose>.
Maya Angelou.
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“Hatikvah” of Stav Shaffir
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Drugmakers push back against lawmakers’ calls to tax opioids
In January, Gov. Doug Ducey signed legislation making major changes in state laws that will affect access of patients and others to opioids. (Daily Miner file photo)
GEOFF MULVIHILL & KYLE POTTER, Associated Press
Originally Published: April 30, 2018 5:54 a.m.
ST. PAUL, Minnesota (AP) – Facing a rising death toll from drug overdoses, state lawmakers across the country are testing a strategy to boost treatment for opioid addicts: Force drug manufacturers and their distributors to pay for it.
Bills introduced in at least 15 states would impose taxes or fees on prescription painkillers. Several of the measures have bipartisan support and would funnel millions of dollars toward treatment and prevention programs.
In Montana, state Sen. Roger Webb, a Republican, sees the approach as a way to hold drugmakers accountable for an overdose epidemic that in 2016 claimed 42,000 lives in the U.S., a record.
"You're creating the problem," he said. "You're going to fix it."
Opioids include prescription painkillers such as Vicodin and OxyContin as well as illegal drugs such as heroin and illicit versions of fentanyl. Public health experts say the crisis started because of overprescribing and aggressive marketing of the drugs that began in the 1990s. The death toll has continued to rise even as prescribing has started to drop.
A Pennsylvania opioid tax bill was introduced in 2015 and a federal version was introduced a year later, but most of the proposals arose during the past year. The majority of them have yet to get very far, with lawmakers facing intense pressure from the pharmaceutical industry to scuttle or soften the legislation.
Drugmakers and distributors argue that it would be wrong to tax prescription drugs, that the cost increases would eventually be absorbed by patients or taxpayers, and that there are other ways to pay for addiction treatment and prevention.
"We have been engaged with states to help move forward comprehensive solutions to this complex public health crisis and in many cases have seen successes," Priscilla VanderVeer , a spokeswoman for Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, said in a statement. "However, we do not believe levying a tax on prescribed medicines that meet legitimate medical needs is an appropriate funding mechanism for a state's budget."
Two drug companies that deployed lobbyists – Purdue Pharma and Pfizer – responded to questions with similar statements.
A spokesman for the Healthcare Distribution Alliance, which represents drug distributors, said a tax would mean that cancer patients and those in end-of-life care might not be able to get the prescriptions they need.
The pharmaceutical industry has emphasized that the name-brand drug companies that make up its members already give rebates to states for drugs funded by Medicaid. Those rebates amount to billions of dollars nationwide that states could use to address opioid addiction, the trade group says.
State legislation to tax opioids comes as manufacturers and distributors are defending themselves in hundreds of lawsuits filed by state and local governments seeking damages for the toll the overdose epidemic has taken on communities.
David Humes, whose son died from a heroin overdose in 2012, has been pushing for an opioid tax in Delaware, which did not increase funding for addiction treatment last year as it struggles to balance its budget.
"When you think about the fact that each year more people are dying, if you leave the money the same, you're not keeping up with this public health crisis," he said.
Humes, a board member of the advocacy group atTAcK Addiction, supports legislation that would dedicate opioid tax revenue for addiction services.
The lead sponsor of an opioids tax bill, state Sen. Stephanie Hansen, said drug companies told her they already were contributing $500,000 to anti-addiction measures in Delaware, where there were 282 fatal overdoses from all drugs in 2016, a 40 percent increase from the year before.
"My response is, 'That's wonderful, but we're not stopping there,'" said Hansen, a Democrat.
She said if her tax measure had been in place last year, it would have raised more than $9 million.
The drug industry's current spending on anti-addiction programs has been a point of contention in the Minnesota Legislature. There, the overdose rate is lower than most states, but opioids still claimed 395 lives in 2016 – an increase of 18 percent over the year before.
State Rep. Dave Baker, a Republican whose son died of a heroin overdose after getting started on prescription painkillers, said opioid manufacturers and distributors should pay for drug programs separately. He said the rebate – about $250 million in 2016 in Minnesota – is intended to make up for overcharging for drugs in the first place.
Another Republican lawmaker, state Sen. Julie Rosen, said she walked out of a meeting this month with drug industry representatives, saying they were wasting her time.
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State of Emergency: Opioid overdoses get governor’s attention
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Category: persecution
Pronouns for Kenyatta: he and him
I have been reflecting this weekend on some things that have bothered me about the stories I recalled from childhood that my family and I used to tell about people who we suspected were gay, lesbian or bi-sexual. We had no understanding of what we were talking about but it seemed there were more of these people. My sister said they were “funny.” We would look at certain entertainers, like the Hines brothers and she would remark that one of them was almost certainly one of them. I don’t know whether we ever discussed James Baldwin in the same way. It was not that we hated these people, we simply did not understand them.
Our mother was very uncomfortable discussing sex and sexuality. It was clear in school that my classmates knew a lot more than I did and they said things I did not understand. Where I learned about sexuality was through politics. There was a group called the Mattechine Society that had a radio broadcast and gays and lesbians. And when I became part of the antiwar movement there were people talking about the need to fight all kinds of oppression. I grew up in Buffalo, New York, where Workers World Party was formed. One of the leaders was Leslie Feinberg who was the first trans person I had ever met.
I opened my eyes to the reality that there were more identities than I knew when I first became an adult. I grew up in the era of the Stonewall Rebellion in New York. One of my cousins was the first gay person in my family. As I looked around I discovered I had more gay and lesbian friends, including a woman who was part of the poetry group I belonged to. My best friend in my 20s was a bi-sexual woman who helped me struggle through underemployment.
A lot of has changed in these many years. On a Facebook post this morning I talked about the Supreme Court ruling that took us from an era of passing laws and constitutional amendments to discriminate to recognizing that all citizens were entitled to equal protection under the laws. When I attended the Unitarian Universalist General Assembly this summer I was asked what pronouns I used and I was stunned. I almost went back to the old All in the Family theme song talking about “when girls were girls, and men were men.” Fortunately those days only exist on television reruns. Another new thing that I did not understand or accept was the use of the term cisgender for men like me.
Yet in spite of the changes that have taken place there are still people clinging to their old prejudices. I saw something on Facebook about the so-called “gay agenda” which was a term invented by right wing bigots years ago as part of their campaign to deny equal rights. It is time to speak truth to ignorance. So, yes, my pronouns are the ones listed as the title for this blog entry. You can say of me that he said we need to accept and recognize our brothers and sisters.
By kenyattayamelin African-Americans, civil rights, Facebook, family values, friendship, marriage equality, persecution, Unitarian Universalism October 28, 2017 October 28, 2017 523 WordsLeave a comment
Re incarceration without conviction
I was looking for a class today at the First Unitarian Society of Milwaukee about ecological health and had bought the book and was diligently studying it. However while I was waiting a friend from the Black Lives Matter group told me about a meeting regarding re-incarceration without conviction. I had read an article in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel about a black man who was on probation and was driving a car and was stopped by the police. It so happened that the man has a white girl friend who is a gun enthusiast and has pictures of herself with her friends on social media holding their guns. All of which were duly registered with the State of Wisconsin. But he did not know the gun was in the car and was was charged with being a felon in possession of a weapon. Fortunately a jury found him innocent but his probation officer revoked him on the grounds he was a danger to the community.
The man had roots in the community including a small transportation business and a child. Instead he became one of the more than 4,000 people who are sent back to prison in Wisconsin without having committed a crime. The Wisconsin Department of Corrections has wide latitude in deciding whether to revoke people but this case has something in common with many others in that the person considered dangerous was a black man even though he had a spotless record and was taking tangible steps to improve himself.
The two speakers at the meeting, one white and one black, are also examples of trying to fight the odds. The white speaker was Mark Rice, who is a candidate for a doctorate from UWM, told about his battle to overcome being revoked. He had a history of mental illness and had previously lived in Madison where his probation officer had a background that allowed him to understand his situation. But when he moved to Milwaukee his probation officer had no such training and revoked him for an incident resulting from him mental illness. His former probation officer went to bat for him which helped him return to the community.
The black speaker told of being revoked 3 times and being homeless. One of his revocations resulted from a malfunction of the monitoring bracelet that he wears on his ankle. If you you use a cell phone, are late for an appointment, accept a job without permission, leave the county or violate any of the other rules, Wisconsin can and will send your most often black or brown body back to prison.
It would be value to learn more about Ex Prisoners Organizing for Statewide Penal Reform (EXPO) and do what you can to stop the trend of mass incarceration. If you follow this link you will find out more about this group :Phone: 414-831-2070 Email: wisdomforjustice@gmail.com
Address: 2821 N. Fourth Street, #537, Milwaukee, WI 53212
By kenyattayamelin African-Americans, black lives matter, distress, families, mental health, persecution, work related issues February 13, 2017 489 WordsLeave a comment
Devil’s Advocates
I just started writing again after taking a break for a few weeks and now I am getting visits from a different group of people. Two of the most different have a blog called Devil’s Advocates. They are a lesbian couple who practice some form of Satanism. I thought the idea was very strange but when you read about the women, Sophie and Cassie, they sound quite ordinary. Their self description makes them sound like a very educated couple devoted to family life. Their blog attempts to dispel the myths about Satanism. I am an atheist, which is of course very different from Satanism. I don’t believe in any god and nor do I believe satan exists. I believe that both were invented as a means of social control when we knew a lot less about how the earth actually functions.
Some of the things I have seen Christians write about Satan can be hysterical. I wrote a blog entry Not Today Satan mocking these Christian fundamentalist writings. It might be interesting to see what the actual Satanists have to say about themselves and their lives. Believe me, this is not for everyone. But I think it is important to write about the people visiting and reading me. It’s possible that Sophie and Cassie will respond after seeing this and respond. I will write something about it if they do.
By kenyattayamelin atheism, blogging, families, friendship, persecution, rejecting extremism, spirituality March 4, 2016 231 WordsLeave a comment
Is this a song or just one long product placement?
I Want You (Bob Dylan song) (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
At a local computer store I saw a video on BET by A$AP Rocky’ called Fashion Killa. In this song he lists all kinds of products used by rich people. I had heard about such songs and how hiphop artists were using their songs for product placements but I had never heard an actual song full of this. I won’t repeat the lyrics because I don’t want to promote that kind of thinking to my fan.
Granted, this is only one song but it is an example of a conscious choice that this young man made. BET also made a choice in presenting his music to their viewing public. Music can express ideas about conspicuous consumption on a level beyond the means of average citizens. Or it can offer hope and inspiration. I wrote a few months ago about the need to write songs about the wars, the killings of innocent people on the street, songs that expressed ideas about the state of our society. A man was recently released after spending more than 30 years in prison for a crime which he did not commit. The original witness against him almost certainly lied while changing her story. And her relatives were prevented from revealing that she had lied.
It’s a story that sounds a little like that of Rubin Hurricane Carter, whose story was popularized by Bob Dylan. Why not write songs about the Angola prisoners locked away? Herman Wallace of the Angola 3 was briefly released from prison after more than 40 years served for a crime he did not commit. He died a day later while the state persecutor fought for a way to try and return him to prison. No one sings of Angola and the lives stolen from families.
Instead, there is the promotion of luxury. This may sound socialistic but it is definitely time for music to serve the needs of ordinary people. The kind of music you hear from Pete Seeger and the kind we sometimes heard during the Vietnam War.Music for people, not for products!
No product placement in One Direction’s video for Best Song Ever? (brandsandfilms.com)
Not-So-Subtle Product Placement (ngodshall.wordpress.com)
Shameless, product placement-laden Gravity takes in record-breaking October haul (stubhillnews.com)
By kenyattayamelin African-Americans, angry, exonerated, persecution November 10, 2013 395 WordsLeave a comment
All I want to know is why?
Why is attorney Lynne Stewart in prison? Why was she persecuted originally under the Bush administration?Why did the Obama administration appeal her original sentence? Why hasn’t she been released under a compassionate discharge program given the progression of her cancer?
There are many whys about her persecution that need to be answered. This woman should be free and assisting more clients. This is a bogus case constructed by two administrations. It is time for justice.
“It is Indisputable that the United States Engaged in Torture”: So When Do the Prosecutions Begin? (fff.org)
By kenyattayamelin Make Love Not War, persecution, President Obama, whistleblowers April 23, 2013 98 Words1 Comment
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KHN Morning Briefing
Testing Should Be Priority in Fight Against HIV/AIDS Pandemic, Global Business Coalition on HIV/AIDS President Says
HIV testing should be the priority in curbing the spread of the virus worldwide, former U.N. Ambassador and President of the Global Business Coalition on HIV/AIDS Richard Holbrooke said on Friday in Beijing at a summit on business and HIV/AIDS in China, Reuters/Yahoo! Asia News reports. HIV testing should be routine for surgery patients, couples getting married and pregnant women, Holbrooke said, adding that such a policy would require confidentiality guarantees. Holbrooke also had "harsh words" for the World Health Organization, saying its emphasis on providing antiretroviral treatment is "misplaced" because a majority of people living with HIV/AIDS do not know their status, Reuters/Yahoo! Asia News reports. "The failure to test is the weakest link in the policy. If testing is not encouraged, AIDS will become, worldwide, the ultimate weapon of mass destruction," he said. Holbrooke had "harsher words" for the agency's 3 by 5 Initiative, which aims to treat three million people with antiretroviral drugs by the end of this year, saying that the initiative's goal could not be reached, Reuters/Yahoo! Asia News reports. "Even if they did get to 3 by 5, they wouldn't catch up with the spread. The only way to get there is with testing," Holbrooke said. WHO officials in Beijing were not available for comment, according to Reuters/Yahoo! Asia News (Beck, Reuters/Yahoo! Asia News , 3/18). During the summit, Chinese Vice Premier and Minister of Health Wu Yi said that international and domestic businesses should increase their efforts in the fight against HIV/AIDS in China, AFP/Khaleej Times reports. "AIDS prevention is an important responsibility of the Chinese government and is also a responsibility that must be shared by society, including business enterprises," Wu said, adding, "I hope our entrepreneurs, while they are developing their businesses, would also participate broadly in public welfare at the same time" ( AFP/Khaleej Times , 3/18).
This is part of the KHN Morning Briefing, a summary of health policy coverage from major news organizations. Sign up for an email subscription.
Recent Morning Briefings
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WATCH LIVE: Andalucia Costa del Sol Open de Espana
News, Video
Follow the stars of the LET across all four rounds of the Andalucia Costa del Sol Open de Espana live from La Quinta Golf & Resort in Spain, on Nov 22-25, 2018.
You can watch the action LIVE on Thursday and Friday from 14:00 – 17:00 GMT (15:00 – 18:00 local) and on Saturday and Sunday from 13:00 – 16:00 GMT (14:00 – 17:00 local) above on the LET website or on the Ladies European Tour Facebook Channel.
If you are unable to watch the tournament it will be because live or highlights coverage will be broadcast in your country by the broadcasters listed below. Please visit your local broadcaster website for up to date listings.
Andalucia Costa del Sol Open de Espana – Distribution List
Territory Broadcaster
Domestic Broadcasters
Spain Movistar Golf / ESport3
International Broadcasters
Albania, Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Vatican City Eurosport / Eurosport Player
Australia Fox Sports
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
Caribbean: Aruba, Curacao, Barbados, Dominican Republic, Trinidad & Tobago
Golf Channel Latin America
Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Democratic Republic), Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Socotra, Somalia, South Sudan, St Helena and Ascension, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Western Sahara, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Kwese Sports
France Golf Channel
Iceland Golfstodin
Spain Movistar Golf
South Korea Eclat – SPOTV
Taiwan Sportcast
Thailand TrueVisions
UAE Dubai Sports Channel
United Kingdom and Ireland Sky Sports / Facebook & YouTube
USA and Canada Golf Channel
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Tag Archives: pandemic influenza preparedness framework
How to Prepare for Deadly Flu and Nuclear Fallout
Breakthroughs in the science of programmable gene expression inspired DARPA to establish the PReemptive Expression of Protective Alleles and Response Elements (PREPARE) program with the goal of delivering powerful new defenses against public health and national security threats. DARPA has now selected five teams to develop a range of new medical interventions that temporarily and reversibly modulate the expression of protective genes to guard against acute threats from influenza and ionizing radiation, which could be encountered naturally, occupationally, or through a national security event.
The program builds from the understanding that the human body has innate defenses against many types of health threats, but that the body does not always activate these defenses quickly or robustly enough to block the worst damage. To augment existing physiological responses, PREPARE technologies would provide a programmable capability to up- or down-regulate gene expression on demand, providing timely, scalable defenses that are proportional to anticipated threats. Service members and first responders could administer these interventions prior to threat exposure or therapeutically after exposure to mitigate the risk of harm or death.
Influenza: “Researchers working within the PREPARE program seek to improve rates of survival and recovery in catastrophic scenarios for which reliable and scalable countermeasures don’t currently exist,” said Dr. Renee Wegrzyn, the PREPARE program manager….Three PREPARE teams are pursuing multi-pronged approaches to influenza defense and treatment that use programmable gene modulators to boost the human body’s natural defenses against influenza and also weaken the virus’ ability to cause harm by directly neutralizing the viral genomes. If successful, their approaches would potentially protect against virtually all influenza strains — regardless of whether a virus is newly emergent or has developed drug resistance — and would provide near instantaneous immunity, in contrast to traditional vaccines. Additionally, the teams are designing their countermeasures so that they are simple to deliver — for example, as intranasal sprays — reducing the logistical challenge of protecting large numbers of people.A team led by DNARx LLC, under principal investigator Dr. Robert Debs, aims to develop a new DNA-encoded gene therapy that helps patients fight influenza by boosting the natural immune response and other protective functions of their nasal passages and lungs.
Radiation Hazard Symbol
Ionizing Gamma Radiation: Other PREPARE teams are pursuing treatments to protect the body from the effects of ionizing gamma radiation. In humans, radiation poisoning primarily affects stem cells in the blood and gut, yet existing treatments only help to regenerate blood cells, and only with limited effect. There is no possibility for prophylactic administration of these drugs, and most must be delivered immediately following radiation exposure to provide any benefit. There are no existing medical countermeasures for radiation damage to the gut…
A team led by the University of California, San Francisco, under principal investigator Dr. Jonathan Weissman, also aims to develop gene therapies to enhance resilience against ionizing radiation. The team’s approach should result in an intravenous or orally available treatment that activates innate defenses in gut and blood stem cells for a period of several weeks.
A Dose of Inner Strength to Survive and Recover from Potentially Lethal Health Threats
New tools for programmable modulation of gene expression could yield enhanced resilience against influenza and ionizing radiation for service members and first responders, DARPA Press Release, June 27, 2019
This entry was posted in civilian casualties, covert action, Environment, hazardous waste, Nuclear Energy, nuclear weapons, public health and tagged Avian influenza, bioengineered, bioengineered diseases, biological covert war, biological threat, biological warfare, biological weapons, Biological Weapons Convention, Crispr-Cas9 system, DARPA Biological Technologies Office, DARPA genetic engineering, DARPA Living Foundries, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), dirty bomb, gene therapy, H1N1 influenza vaccine, influenza, ionizing radiation, nuclear fallout, nuclear weapons testing, pandemic influenza preparedness framework, programmable gene expression on July 9, 2019 by Stoa.
The Next Pandemic and the US Military
U.S. military forces are the front line of U.S. national security, but as a globally deployed force they are also on the front line of any new pathogen-based health threat that may emerge [including also due to biological warfare]. As overall human activity pushes ever further into previously undeveloped territory, the likelihood of exposure to new pandemic diseases increases. The 2009 Army Posture Statement, cites a World Health Organization estimate of between 20 and 50 percent of the world’s population being affected if a pandemic were to emerge. WHO forecasts “it may be six to nine months before a vaccine for a pandemic virus strain becomes available.” In a separate report on pandemic influenza, the WHO describes several challenges to producing sufficient volumes of vaccine using current, egg-based protein-production technology, including the likelihood that two doses per person could be required due to the absence of pre-existing immunity.
In short, the potential for a pandemic exists and current technological limitations on defensive measures put the health and readiness of U.S. military forces at risk. A technological solution to increase the speed and adaptability of vaccine production is urgently needed to match the broad biological threat.
DARPA’s Blue Angel program seeks to demonstrate a flexible and agile capability for the Department of Defense to rapidly react to and neutralize any natural or intentional pandemic disease. Building on a previous DARPA program, Accelerated Manufacture of Pharmaceuticals, Blue Angel targets new ways of producing large amounts of high-quality, vaccine-grade protein in less than three months in response to emerging and novel biological threats. One of the research avenues explores plant-made proteins for candidate vaccine production.“Vaccinating susceptible populations during the initial stage of a pandemic is critical to containment,” said Dr. Alan Magill, DARPA program manager. “We’re looking at plant-based solutions to vaccine production as a more rapid and efficient alternative to the standard egg-based technologies, and the research is very promising.”
In a recent milestone development under Blue Angel, researchers at Medicago Inc. produced more than 10 million doses (as defined in an animal model) of an H1N1 influenza vaccine candidate based on virus-like particles (VLP) in one month….“The results we’ve achieved here with plant-based production of vaccines represent both significant increase in scale and decrease in time-to-production over previous production capabilities in the same time period. The plant-made community is now better positioned to continue development and target FDA approval of candidate vaccines,” Magill said. “Once the FDA has approved a plant-made vaccine candidate, the shorter production times of plant-made pharmaceuticals should allow DoD to be much better prepared to face whatever pandemic next emerges.”
DARPA Makes 10 Million Strides in the Race to Contain a Hypothetical Pandemic, July 25, 2012
This entry was posted in Environment and tagged biological warfare, Blue Angel Program DARPA, DARPA, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, H1N1 influenza vaccine, influenza, Medicago Inc, pandemic influenza preparedness framework, pandemics, plant vaccines, public health, United States military, vaccine-grade protein, WHO, World Health Organization on July 27, 2012 by Stoa.
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Justia US Law US Codes and Statutes US Code 2012 US Code Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure Part I - CRIMES (§§ 1 - 2725) Chapter 75 - PASSPORTS AND VISAS (§§ 1541 - 1547) Section 1546 - Fraud and misuse of visas, permits, and other documents
View the 2016 US Code | View Previous Versions of the US Code
2012 US Code
Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure
Part I - CRIMES (§§ 1 - 2725)
Chapter 75 - PASSPORTS AND VISAS (§§ 1541 - 1547)
Section 1546 - Fraud and misuse of visas, permits, and other documents
Publication Title United States Code, 2012 Edition, Title 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Category Bills and Statutes
Collection United States Code
SuDoc Class Number Y 1.2/5:
Contained Within Title 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 75 - PASSPORTS AND VISAS
Sec. 1546 - Fraud and misuse of visas, permits, and other documents
Contains section 1546
Laws in Effect as of Date January 15, 2013
Positive Law Yes
Disposition standard
Source Credit June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 771; June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title IV, §402(a), 66 Stat. 275; Pub. L. 94-550, §5, Oct. 18, 1976, 90 Stat. 2535; Pub. L. 99-603, title I, §103(a), Nov. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 3380; Pub. L. 100-525, §2(c), Oct. 24, 1988, 102 Stat. 2610; Pub. L. 101-647, title XXXV, §3550, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4926; Pub. L. 103-322, title XIII, §130009(a)(4), (5), title XXXIII, §330011(p), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2030, 2145; Pub. L. 104-208, div. C, title II, §§211(a)(2), 214, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-569, 3009-572; Pub. L. 104-294, title VI, §607(m), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3512; Pub. L. 107-273, div. B, title IV, §4002(a)(3), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1806.
Statutes at Large References 43 Stat. 165
62 Stat. 771
87 Stat. 1091
88 Stat. 50
100 Stat. 3380
108 Stat. 2030, 2145
110 Stat. 3009-569, 3512
Public Law References Public Law 91-452, Public Law 93-253, Public Law 94-550, Public Law 98-473, Public Law 99-603, Public Law 100-525, Public Law 101-647, Public Law 103-322, Public Law 104-208, Public Law 104-294, Public Law 107-273
PASSPORTS AND VISAS - 18 U.S.C. § 1546 (2012)
§1546. Fraud and misuse of visas, permits, and other documents
(a) Whoever knowingly forges, counterfeits, alters, or falsely makes any immigrant or nonimmigrant visa, permit, border crossing card, alien registration receipt card, or other document prescribed by statute or regulation for entry into or as evidence of authorized stay or employment in the United States, or utters, uses, attempts to use, possesses, obtains, accepts, or receives any such visa, permit, border crossing card, alien registration receipt card, or other document prescribed by statute or regulation for entry into or as evidence of authorized stay or employment in the United States, knowing it to be forged, counterfeited, altered, or falsely made, or to have been procured by means of any false claim or statement, or to have been otherwise procured by fraud or unlawfully obtained; or
Whoever, except under direction of the Attorney General or the Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, or other proper officer, knowingly possesses any blank permit, or engraves, sells, brings into the United States, or has in his control or possession any plate in the likeness of a plate designed for the printing of permits, or makes any print, photograph, or impression in the likeness of any immigrant or nonimmigrant visa, permit or other document required for entry into the United States, or has in his possession a distinctive paper which has been adopted by the Attorney General or the Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service for the printing of such visas, permits, or documents; or
Whoever, when applying for an immigrant or nonimmigrant visa, permit, or other document required for entry into the United States, or for admission to the United States personates another, or falsely appears in the name of a deceased individual, or evades or attempts to evade the immigration laws by appearing under an assumed or fictitious name without disclosing his true identity, or sells or otherwise disposes of, or offers to sell or otherwise dispose of, or utters, such visa, permit, or other document, to any person not authorized by law to receive such document; or
Whoever knowingly makes under oath, or as permitted under penalty of perjury under section 1746 of title 28, United States Code, knowingly subscribes as true, any false statement with respect to a material fact in any application, affidavit, or other document required by the immigration laws or regulations prescribed thereunder, or knowingly presents any such application, affidavit, or other document which contains any such false statement or which fails to contain any reasonable basis in law or fact—
Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 25 years (if the offense was committed to facilitate an act of international terrorism (as defined in section 2331 of this title)), 20 years (if the offense was committed to facilitate a drug trafficking crime (as defined in section 929(a) of this title)), 10 years (in the case of the first or second such offense, if the offense was not committed to facilitate such an act of international terrorism or a drug trafficking crime), or 15 years (in the case of any other offense), or both.
(b) Whoever uses—
(1) an identification document, knowing (or having reason to know) that the document was not issued lawfully for the use of the possessor,
(2) an identification document knowing (or having reason to know) that the document is false, or
(3) a false attestation,
for the purpose of satisfying a requirement of section 274A(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
(c) This section does not prohibit any lawfully authorized investigative, protective, or intelligence activity of a law enforcement agency of the United States, a State, or a subdivision of a State, or of an intelligence agency of the United States, or any activity authorized under title V of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 (18 U.S.C. note prec. 3481).1 For purposes of this section, the term “State” means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 771; June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title IV, §402(a), 66 Stat. 275; Pub. L. 94–550, §5, Oct. 18, 1976, 90 Stat. 2535; Pub. L. 99–603, title I, §103(a), Nov. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 3380; Pub. L. 100–525, §2(c), Oct. 24, 1988, 102 Stat. 2610; Pub. L. 101–647, title XXXV, §3550, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4926; Pub. L. 103–322, title XIII, §130009(a)(4), (5), title XXXIII, §330011(p), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2030, 2145; Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title II, §§211(a)(2), 214, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–569, 3009–572; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, §607(m), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3512; Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title IV, §4002(a)(3), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1806.)
Historical and Revision Notes
Based on section 220 of title 8, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Aliens and Nationality (May 26, 1924, ch. 190, §22, 43 Stat. 165).
Words “upon conviction thereof” were omitted as surplusage since punishment can be imposed only after a conviction.
Fine of $10,000 was reduced to $2,000 to conform with sections embracing offences of comparable gravity.
Minor changes were made in phraseology.
References in Text
The immigration laws, referred to in subsec. (a), are classified generally to Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. See also section 1101(a)(17) of Title 8.
Section 274A(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is classified to section 1324a(b) of Title 8.
Title V of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, referred to in subsec. (c), is title V of Pub. L. 91–452, Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 933, which was set out as a note preceding section 3481 of this title, and was repealed by Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §1209(b), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2163. See section 3521 et seq. of this title.
2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–273 substituted “to facilitate” for “to facility” in concluding par.
1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–208 substituted “which contains any such false statement or which fails to contain any reasonable basis in law or fact” for “containing any such false statement” in fourth par. and “imprisoned not more than 25 years (if the offense was committed to facilitate an act of international terrorism (as defined in section 2331 of this title)), 20 years (if the offense was committed to facilitate a drug trafficking crime (as defined in section 929(a) of this title)), 10 years (in the case of the first or second such offense, if the offense was not committed to facility such an act of international terrorism or a drug trafficking crime), or 15 years (in the case of any other offense)” for “imprisoned not more than 10 years” in concluding par.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–294 inserted at end “For purposes of this section, the term ‘State’ means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.”
1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322, §330011(p), amended directory language of Pub. L. 101–647, §3550. See 1990 Amendment note below.
Pub. L. 103–322, §130009(a)(4), substituted “10 years” for “five years” in concluding par.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–322, §130009(a)(5), in concluding provisions, substituted “under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years” for “in accordance with this title, or imprisoned not more than two years”.
1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–647, §3550, as amended by Pub. L. 103–322, §330011(p), substituted “Shall be fined under this title” for “Shall be fined in accordance with this title” in concluding par.
1988—Pub. L. 100–525 amended Pub. L. 99–603. See 1986 Amendment note below.
1986—Pub. L. 99–603, as amended by Pub. L. 100–525, substituted “other documents” for “other entry documents” in section catchline, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted “permit, border crossing card, alien registration receipt card, or other document prescribed by statute or regulation for entry into or as evidence of authorized stay or employment in the United States” for “or other document required for entry into the United States” and for “or document” in first par., substituted “in accordance with this title” for “not more than $2,000” in concluding par., and added subsecs. (b) and (c).
1976—Pub. L. 94–550 inserted “, or as permitted under penalty of perjury under section 1746 of title 28, United States Code, knowingly subscribes as true,” after “Whoever knowingly makes under oath” in fourth par.
1952—Act June 27, 1952, made section applicable to entry documents other than visas and permits.
Effective Date of 1996 Amendment
Amendment by section 211(a)(2) of Pub. L. 104–208 applicable with respect to offenses occurring on or after Sept. 30, 1996, see section 211(c) of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 1028 of this title.
Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330011(p), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2145, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective as of the date on which section 3550 of Pub. L. 101–647 took effect.
Amendment by Pub. L. 100–525 effective as if included in enactment of Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–603, see section 2(s) of Pub. L. 100–525, set out as a note under section 1101 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
Transfer of Functions
Functions vested by law in Attorney General, Department of Justice, or any other officer or any agency of that Department, with respect to the inspection at regular inspection locations at ports of entry of persons, and documents of persons, entering or leaving the United States, were to have been transferred to Secretary of the Treasury by 1973 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §2, eff. July 1, 1973, 38 F.R. 15932, 87 Stat. 1091, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. The transfer was negated by section 1(a)(1), (b) of Pub. L. 93–253, Mar. 16, 1974, 88 Stat. 50, which repealed section 2 of 1973 Reorg. Plan No. 2, eff. July 1, 1973.
Abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Transfer of Functions
For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
1 See References in Text note below.
Disclaimer: These codes may not be the most recent version. The United States Government Printing Office may have more current or accurate information. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the US site. Please check official sources.
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You are here: Home » Torah » Sefer Breishit » Toldot » It’s Hard to Be a Yitzchak
It’s Hard to Be a Yitzchak
by Rabbi Dov Linzer (Posted on November 1, 2013)
Topics: Toldot
Yitzchak had it rough. He was the son of a great man. His charismatic father, Avraham, spread God’s name throughout the land. He fought wars against mighty kings, he went from being a stranger and sojourner in Canaan to a “prince of God” known and revered by all. Who could follow such an act?
This week’s parashaopens with a seemingly innocuous sentence: “These are the generations of Yitzchak the son of Avraham; Avraham begat Yitzchak” (Breishit 25:19). Although functioning as an introduction to the stories that follow, this one verse practically sums up Yitzchak’s life. What is Yitzchak’s identity? What is, as some translate the opening phrase, the “story of Yitzchak the son of Avraham”? Just that: Avraham begat Yitzchak. He is destined to live in his father’s shadow, to struggle with defining his own, unique identity, to go through life always being known as “Avraham’s son.”
This opening verse stands in stark contrast to the opening verse of Noach. There we read: “These are the generations – or this is the story – of Noach; Noach was a just man and perfect in his generations, and Noach walked with God.” Noach’s story is his own. Yitzchak’s story belongs to his father.
Even God sees it that way. When God first appears to Yitzchak, God reaffirms the covenantal promise and its passing from Avraham to Yitzchak. It is to be expected that his status as Avraham’s child would be underscored in this context. And so: “I will establish the oath that I swore to Avraham your father” (26:3). But then the Torah continues, explaining why the covenant is being reaffirmed with Yitzchak: “Because Avraham listened to My voice and kept My charge…” (26:6). It is all because of Avraham, not because of Yitzchak.
It could be argued that this is to be expected. Yitzchak has yet to have done much worth recording. His relationship with God at this stage is still young, and will perforce be framed in terms of Avraham. Later in Yitzchak’s life, we could hope, things will be different.
Unfortunately, this is not the case. For when God appears a second time to Yitzchak, now after so much of Yitzchak’s story has already been told, it is the same old story. “And the Lord appeared to him that night and said: I am the God of Avraham, your father. Do not fear, for I am with you and will bless you… for the sake of Avraham, My servant” (26:24). Again about Avraham; always about Avraham.
Yaakov had it better. He did not have to work to escape his father’s shadow. He could establish his own identity; he could write his own story. When God first appears to Yaakov, God first reaffirms the covenant and Yaakov’s status as a link in the chain: “I am the Lord, the God of Avraham your father and the God of Yitzchak” (28:13). [Even at this stage it is worth pausing to notice that Avraham is described as Yaakov’s father, and not Yitzchak. Yitzchak, it would seem, is only a way of connecting Avraham to Yaakov]. But God’s communication does not end there. For Yaakov, God also offers a personal relationship and a personal promise: “And behold I am with you, and will guard you wherever you go… for I will not abandon you until I have done all that I have promised you” (28:15). Yaakov goes wherever he will go, charts his own journey, and God will always be with him. Yitzchak follows in the footsteps of Avraham, and God is with him only “because of Avraham your father.”
Yitzchak in many ways did not have a choice. He was destined to live his life as Avraham’s son. His story was destined to be a continuation of Avraham’s story – redigging the same wells, establishing the same alliances. Had he chosen to break free from Avraham’s shadow, we would not have a Jewish People today. He had to sacrifice his individuality for the greater good. It is thus no surprise that the attribute that is associated with Yitzchak is that of din, or justice. Justice is about setting limits, it is about tzimtzum, contracting oneself to give space for others, restraining your own ambitions to do what is necessary. Don’t go into Egypt. Stay in the land. Color within the lines. Do what you have been chosen to do.
To serve God and to see the Divine promise fulfilled, not only did Avraham sacrifice Yitzchak, Yitzchak sacrificed Yitzchak.
Today, a person who grows up in the shadow of a great father or a great mother has a choice. He or she can choose to follow in their path, continuing the good work that they have done, ensuring that it continues to the next generation, at the cost of likely not being able to establish an independent identity. Or they can set out on their own, leave the land, discover themselves, and write their own story at the cost of not continuing in the important work, in the mission and the vision that has been handed down to them.
The challenge of being a child of a great man or woman is not just the possible loss of an independent identity. It can often also be the loss, to a greater or lesser extent, of a personal, intimate relationship with one’s father or mother. When Avraham was out calling in the name of God and building alliances, he wasn’t spending much time at home. His was a public persona, not a private one. Outside of the akeida we never see him interacting with Yitzchak. While the verse tells us that Avraham loved Yitzchak (22:2), we never see him giving outward expression of this love. It is Sarah who rejoices when Yitzchak is born; it is Sarah who bursts out in praise to God.
Avraham wanted a son, needed a son, for sure. But that need for a son was to a great degree a need for an heir: “O Lord, God, what can you give me, and behold I go childless… and one born in my house (my servant) shall be my heir” (16:2). That’s why when God told him that he would have a son with Sarah, Avraham came to Yishmael’s defense. Why risk pinning your hopes on an unborn son if he already had an heir? Avraham’s relationship with Yitzchak often appears to be more one of founder and heir than one of father and son.
Avraham did not only attempt to sacrifice Yitzchak at that one fateful moment on Mount Moriah. Every day, Avraham sacrificed some of his fatherly relationship to Yitzchak for the sake of his mission, for his calling. Some people will say that the cost is never worth it. That Avraham should have stayed home more and been a better father. But nothing comes without a cost. There are many people who are amazing parents, and have built a nurturing home. Their stories, however, are usually not the ones that get written in the Torah, that get recorded for history. If Avraham had been a better father to Yitzchak, he would not have been Avraham Aveinu. Avraham sacrificed being a father to become our forefather.
A famous story is told of the Vilna Gaon. He had not seen his sister in over twenty years, One day, his sister arrived in Vilna after a long and arduous journey, and came to see him. When he was told of her arrival, he came out of his study, said hello, and then walked back into his study to continue learning. His sister was apoplectic. “I came all this way to see you and you can’t even spend any time to talk?!” He replied, “We will have plenty of time to talk in the World-to-Come. Now we have to learn Torah.”
Most of us, on initially hearing that story, might be appalled. “What type of answer is this? I would never do such a thing!” we would say. Yes, it would be wrong for us to act this way. But was it wrong for the Vilna Gaon? If he were more of a family man, he might never have become the Vilna Gaon.
Those born to great figures have a choice whether to follow in their footsteps and continue a great cause or to set out on their own at the expense of that. Those born with the potential to be great figures have a similar choice. To single-mindedly pursue their cause at the expense of their family, or to invest more in their family at the expense of the cause.
The answers are not obvious in either case. These are some of the most challenging life decisions a person may have to make. What we have to remember is that most of us are not Avrahams or the Vilna Gaon, and most of us are not children of such figures. The greatest tragedy is when a person imagines himself as an Avraham, and makes sacrifices in his personal life that he should not have made. Or when a person imagines himself as a child of such a person, and feels himself trapped in his role as heir to a founder, when in fact he really can choose how to best lead his life.
In the end, it is for us to choose what sacrifices we must make and what sacrifices we must not make. It is up to us to decide what will be our “these are the generations”, what will be the story that we will write for ourselves.
Don’t Just Do Something; Stand There!
by Rabbi Dov Linzer, December 2, 2016
Maintaining Stability or Effecting Change?
by Rabbi Dov Linzer, November 12, 2015
Staying the Course, but Not Repeating Past Mistakes
Yitzchak: The Father of Continuity
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June 2004 , Volume 27, Issue 2, pp 169–172 | Cite as
Real-time quantitative PCR of telomere length
Marcel E. Gil
Thérèsa L. Coetzer
Telomeres cap the ends of chromosomes and are essential for the protection of chromosomes, as well as restricting the replicative potential of a cell. These functions are achieved by the regulation of telomeric repeat length, making the measurement of telomere length a useful aid in the elucidation of the replicative history and potential of cells. Previously published techniques employed either hybridization or flow cytometry methods, which are technically demanding and time-consuming. In 2002, R. M. Cawthon published a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for telomere length measurement using the Applied Biosystems Prism 7700 sequence detection system. The technique measures the factor by which the ratio of telomere repeat copy number to single-gene copy number differs between a sample and that of a reference deoxyribonucleic acid sample. In many laboratories worldwide, including ours, real-time PCR is carried out using the Roche LightCycler, as opposed to the AB Prism 7700 system. This benchmark details the modifications to Cawthon’s method and describes the parameters and reagents required to measure telomere length using the Roche LightCycler.
LightCycler telomere length telomeres real-time PCR
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© Humana Press Inc 2004
1.Department of Molecular Medicine and HaematologyUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
2.National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS)South Africa
Gil, M.E. & Coetzer, T.L. Mol Biotechnol (2004) 27: 169. https://doi.org/10.1385/MB:27:2:169
DOI https://doi.org/10.1385/MB:27:2:169
Publisher Name Humana Press
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AboutEducatorPacific Music Festival
The 2016 Pacific Music Festival Orchestra at Leonard Bernstein Place in Sapporo
A Happy Set of Circumstances
The Birth of the Pacific Music Festival
by Atsushi Kobayashi
A saying often repeated in the tea ceremony teaches us that each human encounter is a once-in-a-lifetime experience and, as such, it should be revered. In January 1989, having worked 25 years with the Asatsu advertising agency, I became involved in a special kind of sales activity. Maestro Leonard Bernstein, who was to conduct the London Symphony Orchestra in Japan, was working on a plan to have the Orchestra perform in China. For this he needed a sponsor.
I was overjoyed at the news I got in February from Nomura Securities, a new client for my agency, telling me we'd received the approval of Nomura to sponsor the China tour.
In March, I went to New York to meet with the people I would be working with on this project. It was there I met Mr. Harry Kraut for the first time. With his beard, heavy smoking and confident manner, Harry was an imposing figure indeed.
Then, in June, came the events in Tiananmen Square in Beijing. After an emergency meeting in Rome, we agreed that the type of events planned for China would have to be switched to Japan. It was this twist of fate which led to the birth of the Pacific Music Festival.
To prepare the Pacific Music Festival, I went to Tanglewood, in Massachusetts, to attend the music festival there. Observing how that event was organized enabled me to understand Maestro Bernstein's concept of what the PMF should be.
In October, I returned to New York; in November, to London; then to Japan's northern city of Sapporo. I was very aware that the pattern of my life had suddenly changed.
December 6, 1989 was a day I shall never forget, as that was the date Leonard Bernstein announced to the world from London that the first Pacific Music Festival would be held in Sapporo in 1990. On this day the PMF was officially born.
As a result, I was like a fallen leaf riding the crest of a great wave. A whole new world had opened up for me, due, of course, to the involvement of Maestro Bernstein, whose own world had such vast horizons. I will always treasure my brief encounter with him, and I shall never forget his words, "Loving people and loving music are the same thing."
Pacific Music Festival What is PMF? The New York Times Bernstein and Thomas Head New Pacific Music Festival by Allan Kozinn Published: January 19, 1990 Back to Educator
Bernstein announcing the first Pacific Music Festival
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News & Opinion » Urban Journal
Yet another attempt to improve city schools
by Mary Anna Towler
Not surprisingly, the state's education commissioner is sending someone else to try to help the Rochester school district turn things around.
If the district and the new "distinguished educator," Jaime Aquino, reach an agreement on his salary, he'll arrive here in August, study the district and its problems over the next 45 days, and then he and the district's leaders will come up with a plan to improve things.
And if the state's education commissioner approves the plan, presumably the district will try it and see it if works.
I'm not opposed to having Aquino come here. Whatever salary he and the district settle on, it'll increase the district's expenses, and the money will have to come from something else. But I think this district needs some outside opinion and some outside oversight.
I'm not opposed to paying Aquino to try to help the district, either, although it seems to me that we've done enough studies and have enough evidence to know what's wrong. If we don't, I'm not sure 45 days is enough to unearth what previous studies have missed.
Those studies have identified some really basic problems, though, and the district has failed to address them. Maybe Aquino can figure out why.
But let me just repeat the Great Obvious Fact:
Through all these studies, through all the new school superintendents and new school board members and new ideas, two things have been constant: Rochester's poverty rate has increased. And the performance of the school district's children has dropped.
Lock step.
For half a century.
That is a fact. You can look it up.
And I am tired, and way out of patience, with the smug counter-argument: You're saying poor children can't learn.
No, I am not. I am saying what a gazillion credible studies show: Poverty has an effect. Generational poverty has an effect. The concentration of poverty has an effect. And Rochester has all of that – in abundance.
A school district in which nearly all children are poor is a school district with enormous challenges. Districts in affluent communities serve children whose parents are well educated and have the resources to provide not only a comfortable, safe, healthy life but also educational resources. That makes a difference.
Harvard University isn't special because of its faculty, a former Harvard professor said in a lecture here years ago. It's special because of its students.
The Rochester school district isn't perfect. Far from it. Teachers, administrators, union leaders, school board members: Point to any group of people in the district, and you can find problems. And nobody should accept children's poverty as an excuse for poor adult performance.
We should insist on excellence. We should not tolerate poor performance. But we cannot expect Rochester teachers to do the impossible. While we're demanding improvements from teachers, administrators, union leaders, and school board members, we also have to do what they cannot do: start breaking down the concentration of poverty in this district.
How? Join with Great Schools for All and pressure suburban school leaders and state officials to create schools serving children from both the city and the suburbs. Create schools in which fewer than half of the students are poor.
Otherwise, Rochester will continue to have one of the highest-poverty, lowest-achieving districts in the nation.
The alternative is to do what we've been doing: beat up on the school district's adults. Because we have to blame somebody. And we're not willing to blame ourselves.
Urban Journal Rochester City School District Rochester schools distinguished educator | Rochester teachers Rochester poverty
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Neighborhood: San Antonio
Date page 1 of 2
The State of Hand Stitch, New Embroidery by Texas Artists
Mondays-Fridays, 10 a.m.-1 p.m. Continues through Aug. 9
UTSA Art Gallery - Main Campus - San Antonio
Daniel Rios Rodriguez & Raul Gonzalez
Mondays-Fridays, 10 a.m.-5 p.m. and Saturdays, Sundays, 12-5 p.m. Continues through Aug. 18
Artpace - San Antonio
Men of Steel, Women of Wonder
Fridays, 10 a.m.-9 p.m., Saturdays, Sundays, 10 a.m.-5 p.m., Tuesdays, 10 a.m.-9 p.m. and Wednesdays, Thursdays, 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Continues through Sept. 1
San Antonio Museum of Art - San Antonio
Art Party: Supermen and Wonderwomen
Fri., Aug. 9, 6-8 p.m.
George Lopez: The Wall World Tour
Fri., Aug. 9, 7 & 10 p.m. and Sat., Aug. 10, 7 & 10 p.m.
The Majestic Theatre - San Antonio
Fri., Aug. 9, 8 p.m.
Aztec Theatre - San Antonio
Film on the Green: Wonder Woman
Fri., Aug. 9, 8:30-10:30 p.m.
Skyrocket!
Sam's Burger Joint - San Antonio
SAY Sí's pARTicipate Summer Sessions
Mon., Aug. 5 and Fri., Aug. 9
SAY Sí - San Antonio
Cirque Du Soleil: Corteo
Thu., Aug. 8, 7:30 p.m., Fri., Aug. 9, 7:30 p.m., Sat., Aug. 10, 3:30 & 7:30 p.m. and Sun., Aug. 11, 1 & 5 p.m.
AT&T Center - San Antonio
Magik at the Empire presents: "The Very Hungry Caterpillar"
Fri., Aug. 9, 2 p.m., Sat., Aug. 10, 10:30 a.m. & 2 p.m., Sun., Aug. 11, 2 p.m., Tue., Aug. 13, 6:30 p.m., Wed., Aug. 14, 10:30 a.m., Thu., Aug. 15, 10:30 a.m., Fri., Aug. 16, 2 & 6:30 p.m. and Sat., Aug. 17, 10:30 a.m. & 2 p.m.
Charline McCombs Empire Theatre - San Antonio
GrooveTronX
Second Thursday, Friday of every month, 9-11 p.m.
Halcyon Southtown - San Antonio
TWA Friday Night Fights
Second Friday of every month, 7:45-10 p.m.
Texas Wolverine All Star Gym - San Antonio
Mondays-Sundays. Continues through Sept. 8
The DoSeum - San Antonio
NYFA Immigrant Artist Mentoring Program Exhibition
Through Sept. 29, 11 a.m.-7 p.m. and Wed., Aug. 7, 6-9 p.m.
Centro de Artes - San Antonio
Blue Star Contemporary presents work by Berlin Residency Artists in Exhibition Titled Fünf
Saturdays, Sundays, 10 a.m.-6 p.m. and Thursdays, Fridays, 10 a.m.-8 p.m. Continues through Sept. 8
Blue Star Contemporary - San Antonio
“Wine Down Yoga” at Windflower Spa
Fridays, 6-7 p.m. Continues through Aug. 30
Hyatt Regency Hill Country Resort & Spa - San Antonio
Party on the Tower Plaza
Fridays, 7-11 p.m. Continues through Oct. 25
Tower of the Americas - San Antonio
Fiesta Noche del Rio (63rd Season)
Fridays, Saturdays, 8:30-10 p.m. Continues through Aug. 10
Arneson River Theatre - San Antonio
The Secret Show
Fridays, 11:30 p.m.-1:30 a.m. Continues through Dec. 27
The Blind Tiger Comedy Club - San Antonio
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Posts Tagged ‘ corporate accountability ’
In this, the third in our series of Corporate Responsibility Lessons from a Frequent Flyer, we take a look at a more serious issue of corporate accountability. For our first post in this series, Don’t Leave Your Baggage Unattended, click here. For our second post in this series, Locate the Nearest Exit, click here.
If you’re a frequent flyer like me, you’ll know that a standard feature of the onboard safety briefing is that smoking is not permitted and the washrooms are equipped with smoke detectors.
The days of smoke-filled cabins on airplanes are, thankfully, a distant memory, but the urgency of the no-smoking warning remains, reminding would-be transgressors that even in the privacy of the washroom, illicit behaviour will be detected. Corporate actors would be similarly well warned that technology and social media are increasingly the detectors and disclosers of illicit behaviour, wherever it may occur.
In my view, this is a Good Thing; sunlight, as Justice Brandeis once opined, is the best disinfectant. Moreover, the boundaries are blurring between a corporation’s accountability and an individual’s responsibility for inappropriate behaviour.
As if we needed another example of this, we can point to the recent experience of Centerplate’s now-ex-CEO, Desmond Hague.
In late August, Mr. Hague was caught on video abusing a dog in an elevator. Here’s a link to that video [warning: some viewers may find this video disturbing].
Centerplate is a food services company catering to sports and other entertainment venues. It doesn’t matter that their business has nothing to do with animal welfare. The behaviour of its CEO was so morally offensive that the company would be tarred with the same brush if it did not demonstrate its intolerance. Faced with widespread outrage on social and mainstream media, the company expressed its concern, put Mr. Hague on probation, and required him to serve 1,000 hours of community service and make a donation to establish an animal welfare foundation. That wasn’t enough, however. Despite the CEO’s contrite apology, he was forced to resign when the scandal continued to grow.
Also in early September, a far more disturbing incident was caught on video, again by an elevator surveillance camera: football star Ray Rice assaulting his then fiancée, Janay Palmer. The public release of the video led the Baltimore Ravens football club to terminate Rice’s contract, and he was suspended indefinitely from the National Football League. In the weeks since, however, there have been many questions about who knew what about the incident and when, and much criticism about the adequacy and timeliness of the actions taken by the Ravens and the NFL, particularly since both organizations knew about the incident from a previously released video.
Both of these cases highlight the need for organizations to engage employees proactively regarding behavioural expectations both within and outside the workplace, to make clear the consequences of behaviour that doesn’t meet these expectations, and to have systems in place to ensure a timely and appropriate response when incidents occur.
Although we surely cannot mandate values, it is possible – and increasingly necessary – to foster a culture of responsibility that seeks in the best case to prevent inappropriate behaviour and in the worst case to ensure swift action when inappropriate behaviour comes to light.
Where there’s smoke, there’s likely fire. Best not to wait for the smoke alarm to go off to figure out where the fire extinguisher is…
For more on the stories that prompted this post:
Click here for coverage in the Globe and Mail.
Click here for coverage in the New York Daily News.
Desmond Hague
Janay Palmer
Ray Rice
Too Little for Too Long
At the end of September, the Institute of International Finance held its annual meeting in Washington. The IIF is a global association of financial institutions, whose mission is to “support the financial industry in prudently managing risks, including sovereign risk; in developing best practices and standards; and in advocating regulatory, financial, and economic policies that are in the broad interest of [its] members and foster global financial stability.”
Prominent on the agenda was international financial regulatory reform, over which considerable debate is ongoing. On the one hand, the G20 plan tougher financial regulatory requirements. The IIF, on the other hand, while acknowledging the need for reform, calls for a cautious approach, arguing that stricter rules could compromise a fragile economic recovery. In his speech to the IIF’s annual meeting, Bank of Canada Governor Mark Carney was critical of the IFF’s position, in part because it fails to assume any economic benefit from reducing the risk of future financial crises and because banks already have until 2019 to adapt to the changes. The contrasting viewpoints are summarized succinctly in this Globe and Mail article by Kevin Carmichael, titled “Carney, Waugh spar over new banking rules” (September 26, 2011).
Bank of Canada Governor Mark Carney
What jumped out at me from Mr. Carney’s remarks is this gem of a quote: “If some institutions feel pressure today, it is because they have done too little for too long, rather than because they are being asked to do too much, too soon.”
This statement reflects the reality that increasing demands for transparency, accountability, ethical behaviour, and consideration of non-financial material issues (like environmental, social, and governance issues) have been apparent for some time, and there is diminishing justification – and tolerance – for delayed action. This is relevant not only to financial institutions, but to other corporate sectors as well.
The pressure to which Mr. Carney alluded will only increase with prolonged inaction, as the gap between corporate behaviour and performance and emerging stakeholder expectations and regulatory requirements continues to grow.
Click here for Governor Mark Carney’s full remarks to the IIF.
Click here to link to the IIF’s paper, “The Cumulative Impact on the Global Economy of Changes in the Financial Regulatory Framework” (September 2011).
Click here to link to the IIF’s latest paper on cumulative economic impact of regulatory reform, addressing revisions (October 2011).
Institute of International Finance
Investor Relations: where capital meets corporate accountability
For some 250 years, responsible investing has been a key means of aligning our influence with our values. The Investor Relations function is squarely at the nexus between the strategies and performance of the company and the primary leverage point for stakeholder expression of sustainability goals. What does this mean for the Investor Relations professional?
Perhaps the very earliest occurrence of socially responsible investing took place in 1758 when the Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, better known as the Quakers, issued the first of a series of denunciations of the slave trade, advising its members to “avoid being any way concerned, in reaping the unrighteous Profits arising from that iniquitous Practice of dealing in Negroes and other Slaves” and “endeavour to keep their Hands clear of this unrighteous Gain of Oppression.”
John Wesley, founder of Methodism
Around the same time (between 1744 and 1760), John Wesley, an English preacher and founder of the Methodist Church, delivered his sermon entitled The Use of Money. You may have heard the saying, “Make all you can, save all you can, give all you can.” That is John Wesley, paraphrased. What it doesn’t capture, however, are the boundaries he drew around the first of his three rules: “gain all you can.” Wesley advised his followers to gain but without hurt to body, mind, or soul, of either ourselves or our neighbours. He spoke of unhealthy work environments, cheating, lying, anti-competitive behaviour, the sale of anything that may impair health, and what he called “sinful trade”. He advocated honest industry, diligence, continuous improvement, and best practice. Religious institutions have been at the forefront of socially responsible investing, or SRI, ever since.
In the last five decades, we have seen a steady rise in interest in SRI. [For a brief history of SRI, see these entries on Wikipedia and About.com.] We know environmental, social, and governance (or ESG) issues are not new to investors. So what has changed? Read on!
KLD 400
Social Investment Forum
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S & P 500
PhosAgro Delegation Takes Part in Russian-British Business Forum
PRESS RELEASE PR Newswire
LONDON, November 27, 2018 /PRNewswire/ --
A delegation from PhosAgro took part in the Russian-British Business Forum, which was held in London for the fourth time.
The Company delegation included Andrey A. Guryev, PhosAgro CEO and President of the Russian Association of Fertilizer Producers; Andrey G. Guryev, Deputy Chairman of PhosAgro's Board of Directors and Vice President of the Russian Union of Chemists; PhosAgro's Deputy CEO for International Projects, Siroj Loikov; and PhosAgro's Deputy CEO for Business Development, Roman Osipov.
The purpose of the forum is to develop Russian-British economic relations and trade and investment cooperation between Russia and the international business community. At the annual forum, Russian and British experts assess market dynamics and international trade relations, identify trends in the economy and investor interests and determine ways to expand trade and economic cooperation.
Speaking at a reception at the Russian Embassy in the United Kingdom on the occasion of the forum, PhosAgro CEO Andrey A.Guryev thanked the Embassy and the Trade Delegation of the Russian Federation in the United Kingdom for their efforts to promote the interests of Russian business. He noted that ongoing dialogue between Russia and the United Kingdom had already brought qualitative results: "With overall growth in trade between Russia and the United Kingdom of 18.7% in the first half of 2018, non-resource exports increased by over 50%."
During his speech at a panel session titled 'Innovations and technologies as a factor of export development', Andrey Guryev spoke about the successful experience of introducing innovative and best-available technologies and digital solutions based on the Industry 4.0 platform in the construction of new high-tech production facilities and the modernisation of existing ones at PhosAgro enterprises. It is these factors, along with the high quality and purity of the Company's products, constant work to improve labour efficiency and productivity, as well as to optimise business processes and costs, that strengthen PhosAgro's competitive advantages in non-resource-based export markets.
According to Andrey Guryev, the development of both the mineral fertilizer industry and PhosAgro Group have always been centred around innovation. Long ago, the transition was made from delivering the main nutrient components - nitrogen, phosphate and potash - to offering a single product with the proper combination of these nutrients, after which complex solutions were devised to tailor fertilizer grades and their proper application to maximise yield. Modern solutions for managing the yield and quality of agricultural products are based not only on mineral raw materials, but also on the use of bio-additives and innovative agricultural technologies. In our mining and production operations, we are introducing robotic mining equipment, and we are implementing advanced data management technologies to further increase the efficiency of our operations.
Innovative solutions in the production of mineral fertilizers are supported by the only research institute on fertilizers and insectofungicides in the industry in Russia, the Y V Samoilov Research Institute for Insectofungicides and Mineral Fertilizers, a subsidiary of PhosAgro, which will celebrate its 100th anniversary next year. This institute was founded with the mission of creating a robust phosphate feedstock and mineral fertilizer production capabilities in Russia.
PhosAgro also works with leading international agricultural research organisations to help farmers increase crop yields through the proper use of fertilizers. Recently, during a large-scale experiment with the International Plant Nutrition Institute in the Vologda Region, high-precision fertilizer application techniques were used to achieve an impressive 30% increase in yield, while the number of harvests per year increased from three to four.
Over the past five years, more than RUB 150 billion (USD 2.5 billion) has been invested in R&D and the development of PhosAgro as a whole, i.e., which represents at least 50% of EBITDA.
Together with UNESCO, PhosAgro promotes scientific and applied research in the field of green chemistry, thus contributing to higher production efficiency and environmental conservation, while involving young scientists from around the world.
Commenting on the possibility of increasing the volume of high-tech, non-resource exports based on the example of PhosAgro's supply of fertilizers to the United Kingdom, Andrey Guryev noted that the Company is constantly analysing potential opportunities that will make PhosAgro's safe and pure fertilizers more accessible to local farmers producing products for British and other European buyers. "PhosAgro's annual supply of fertilizers to the UK varies in the range of 60,000 to 110,000 tonnes, which accounts for less than 10% of the country's imports of phosphate-based fertilizers, and we see significant growth potential," said Andrey Guryev, stressing that the removal of the EU's 6.5% customs tariff on fertilizers from Russia would contribute to this.
PhosAgro is one of the world's leading vertically integrated phosphate-based fertilizer producers in terms of production volumes of phosphate-based fertilizers and high-grade phosphate rock with a P2O5 content of 39% and higher.
The Company is the largest phosphate-based fertilizer producer in Europe (by total combined capacity for DAP/MAP/NP/NPK/NPS), the largest producer of high-grade phosphate rock with a P2O5 content of 39%, a top-three producer of MAP/DAP globally, one of the leading producers of feed phosphates (MCP) in Europe, and the only producer in Russia, and Russia's only producer of nepheline concentrate (according to the RAFP).
PhosAgro's main products include phosphate rock, 39 grades of fertilizers, feed phosphates, ammonia, and sodium tripolyphosphate, which are used by customers in 100 countries spanning all of the world's inhabited continents. The Company's priority markets outside of Russia and the CIS are Latin America, Europe and Asia.
PhosAgro's shares are traded on the Moscow Exchange, and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) for shares trade on the London Stock Exchange (under the ticker PHOR). Since 1 June 2016, the Company's GDRs have been included in the MSCI Russia and MSCI Emerging Markets indexes.
More information about PhosAgro can be found on the website: https://www.phosagro.ru .
SOURCE PhosAgro
Markets Insider and Business Insider Editorial Teams were not involved in the creation of this post.
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CNH Industrial announces pricing of its offering of Euro 700,000,000 guaranteed 2.875% notes due September 2021
Following CNH Industrial N.V.’s announcement earlier today of the launch of a benchmark note issuance denominated in Euro, CNH Industrial N.V. confirms that the offering will be of Euro 700,000,000 in principal amount of 2.875% notes due September 2021 with an issue price of 99.22% of the principal amount.
The closing of the offering is currently expected on September 25, 2014. The notes will be issued by CNH Industrial Finance Europe S.A., a wholly-owned subsidiary of CNH Industrial N.V., under the Global Medium Term Note Programme guaranteed by CNH Industrial N.V.
The notes are only being offered and sold outside the United States to institutional investors that are non “U.S. persons” (as such term is defined in Regulation S under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act")) and have not been and will not be registered under the Securities Act or any other securities laws. The notes will not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.
This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or an offer of financial products, nor shall there be any sale of these notes in any state or jurisdiction in which such an offer or sale would be unlawful. No action has been or will be taken to permit a public offering of the notes in any jurisdiction.
This press release is not an offer of securities for sale or an offer of financial products in the United States or any other jurisdiction. The securities of CNH Industrial Finance Europe S.A., which are guaranteed by CNH Industrial N.V., may not be offered or sold in the United States or to or for the account or benefit of “U.S. persons” (as such term is defined in Regulation S under the Securities Act) unless registered under the Securities Act or pursuant to an exemption from such registration. Such securities have not been, nor will be, registered under the Securities Act. Any public offer of securities in the United States will be made by means of a prospectus that will contain detailed information about CNH Industrial Finance Europe S.A. and its management, as well as financial statements. Neither CNH Industrial Finance Europe S.A. nor CNH Industrial N.V. has any intention of making such a public offering of the notes in the United States or elsewhere.
The offering of the notes has not been cleared by the Commissione Nazionale per le Societá e la Borsa (CONSOB), pursuant to Italian securities legislation. Accordingly, the Notes have not been and will not be offered, sold or delivered in Italy in a solicitation to the public (sollecitazione all'investimento), and the notes may only be offered, sold or delivered in Italy in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. This press release is directed only (i) to persons who are outside the United Kingdom, (ii) to persons who have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005, as amended (the “Financial Promotion Order”) or (iii) to high net worth entities falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) ("high net worth companies, unincorporated associations, etc.") of the Financial Promotion Order (all such persons together being referred to as "Relevant Persons"). This press release must not be acted on or relied on by persons who are not Relevant Persons. Any investment activity to which this press release relates is reserved for Relevant Persons only and may only be engaged in by Relevant Persons.
In the Netherlands, this press release is directed only to qualified investors within the meaning of the Dutch Financial Supervision Act (Wet op het financieel toezicht). This press release contains forward-looking statements. These statements reflect current beliefs, as well as assumptions made by, and information available to, the entities referred to in this press release. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties. Actual future results and developments could differ materially from those set forth in these statements due to various factors. These factors include, among others, changes in the general economic and competitive situation, particularly in the CNH Industrial Group's businesses and markets. In addition, future results and developments could be affected by the performance of financial markets, fluctuations in exchange rates and changes in national and supranational law. None of the companies referenced in this press release undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements.
Basildon, September 22, 2014
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CNH Industrial announces pricing of its offering of Euro 700,000,000 guaranteed 2.875% notes
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Chief Motivating Officer SCOTT SMITH
My name is Scott Smith. I’m Chief Motivating Officer, and Founder of MotivationToMove.com.
I’m one of those lucky people who feel as if anything is possible when you put your mind to it.
No wonder I was a little surprised by how difficult creating the life of your dreams can be. As a young man I realized that no matter what I wanted to do, life was going to get in the way.
I discovered something else; Life Begins When You Move!
Yes, that’s just a pretty way of reminding myself to get off my butt, out the door, and pursue my dreams. It’s the simplest success recipe ever created – Stand Up, Take a Step, and REPEAT!
Do that; the rest takes care of itself.
I grew up on the banks of Bull Run Creek in Manassas, Virginia. After graduation, I headed to Fort Lauderdale to attend broadcast school. It was there that I met a girl – with blue eyes, blond hair, a beautiful smile, a dark tan, and seemed to live in her bikini most of the time.Her name was Sheryl, and I married two years later and spent the next 30 years together while I started my career. I worked as a radio personality, on-camera spokesperson, actor, and voiceover talent. A few years later I formed a production company in Orlando. Our team produced thousands of radio, television, and a couple of independent film projects. She was also with me when I got fat.
I should mention that I have struggled with weight most of my life. Discovering cinnamon toast in 5th grade. The free pizza at radio stations and mounds of food provided by television and film production catering departments didn’t help matters. They say the camera adds 15 pounds. It’s not true. It’s the food I put in my mouth.
Over the years I blew up from my normal 170 pounds to 248. I also had the bonus of high blood pressure and owning nothing that fit. Enough was enough, especially after my doctor threatened me with medication. I made the decision that it was time to motivate myself back to the gym and get control of my body.
For the next two months, I exercised in group fitness classes, stuck to a strict diet, and dropped 40 pounds. Within a year I dropped 80 pounds and returned to my happy weight. People noticed, and my next career began when I was invited to teach the same classes I had been taking.
Over the years I have always believed in the power of motivation and education. I was lucky to have had mentors share books and tapes, and coach me on the ways of success. Working at the Motivation Radio Station in Fort Lauderdale allow me to immerse myself in everything motivation. It was a dream job.
Now, I found myself incorporating my personal development training into my classes. I became an NLP Practitioner, Advanced Certified Personal Trainer, AFFA Group Fitness Instructor, and Clinical Hypnotherapist. Then, I combined my radio, voiceover, and production skills to create a class experience that was unlike any other.
Motivation To Move was born.
What started as a group of folks who came for exercise evolved into so much more. I discovered podcasting in 2005. The Motivation To Move Minutes and the Motivation To Move Show expanded my reach around the world.
Our business became official on On September 6, 2006, when our first 30 members joined us. It was also the same day that we were moving out of our home and heading off on a new adventure. We opened in the morning, unplugged the computers, and starting tossing boxes in the truck.
That’s when my life took a turn that would change me forever.
After a long day of moving, I dropped off a load of furniture at my daughter’s house. It was 1 am in the morning when my phone rang. Sheryl was on the other end and said, “Scott, I don’t feel well. I’m scared.” I took a deep breath, jumped in my car and drove 100 miles through the night to meet her at the hospital.
Sheryl had survived Cancer five years before. While all had been well, we had seen signs of its return and were setting appointments. The activities of the day provided enough stress to move things along.
Sheryl was the spiritual leader of our family and worked as a Reiki healer.
She was a teacher and a strong and beautiful woman. Her legacy is the lessons she taught us about living our life to the fullest. They have allowed my family not only to go on but to do so with a zest and true enjoyment of the life experience. I have continued on our path to building MotivationToMove.com. All these years later I have produced over 9,000 podcast episodes. I have delivered over 20 million downloads and a thriving community and business. I’ve spoken on stages around the world. Coaching and mentoring thousands of people on a personal basis has been a true honor.
And, I haven’t done it alone.
Shortly after Sheryl passed, I met Joi. We married 14 months later. I’m a lucky guy. I’ve only dated two women in my life and married both of them. There is no doubt that somebody is watching over me.
My kids, Austin and Carlyn, got married in the last few years, and there are now three grandchildren. Joi’s kids, Erick and Alayna are busy building successful careers.
I continue to be a freedom and life-loving junkie. My job allows me to inspire folks around the world while living my passion. I fly airplanes, ride motorcycles, and travel the country in my motorhome. My Australian Shepard and I compete in agility competitions. And, I spend as much time as possible enjoying my family at every chance possible. For me, there’s no other option.
Now you know what I’m so passionate about helping others live the life of their dreams.
Eliminate Confusion. Create Your Plan. Get Motivated.
Don't let Confusion and Frustration Stop Your Dreams
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2018 Documentary Rated R 120 Minutes
In Theaters July 6, 2018
On 4K UHD Not Available
On Blu-ray October 16, 2018
On DVD October 16, 2018
Cissy Houston
Robyn Crawford
Gary Houston
L.A. Reid
Steven Gittelman
Whitney Houston broke more music industry records than any other female singer in history. With over 200 million album sales worldwide, she was the only artist to chart seven consecutive U.S. No. 1 singles. She also starred in several blockbuster movies before her brilliant career gave way to erratic behavior, scandals and death at age 48. The documentary feature Whitney is an intimate, unflinching portrait of Houston and her family that probes beyond familiar tabloid headlines and sheds new light on the spellbinding trajectory of Houston’s life. Using never-before-seen archival footage, exclusive demo recordings, rare performances, audio archives and original interviews with the people who knew her best, Oscar®-winning filmmaker Kevin Macdonald unravels the mystery behind “The Voice,” who thrilled millions even as she struggled to make peace with her own troubled past.
Rated R for language and drug content.
Box office gross: $2.9 million. View box office history.
Released by Roadside Attractions. See more credits.
Mentions in News Stories
Review: 'Whitney' soars on Blu-ray and DVD
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STUDIO BRIEFING TV: October 6, 2007
— October 6th, 2007
SEASON GETS OFF TO ANOTHER SLOW START
The major broadcast networks together saw their audience decline 7 percent during the first week of the fall season compared to the same week a year ago or 15 percent compared to the same week in 2005, according to figures from Nielsen Research. NBC, which placed last among the networks for the full season last year, got off to an even worse start this year as its household ratings fell 13 percent from the same week a year ago. However, the network was helped somewhat by the strong showing of the Bionic Woman premiere, which placed 17th on Nielsen's rankings.
JUDGE BARS BOSTON TV REPORT
A Boston judge has ordered a local television station not to reveal autopsy findings that two firefighters who died fighting a fire in August were legally intoxicated, in the case of one, and under the influence of cocaine, in the case of the other. After learning that WHDH-TV planned a report on the autopsies Suffolk Superior Court Judge Merita Hopkins issued an injunction prohibiting the station from doing so, saying autopsy results are exempt from disclosure under state public records law and can only be released with permission from next of kin. The station, calling the judge's ruling "prior restraint" and saying that it had learned of the results from confidential sources, said that it would appeal. News of the autopsy results appeared today (Friday) in Boston newspapers. UPDATE: An appeals court judge later vacated the injunction, saying that he would explain his ruling later.
HARDBALL HOST MATTHEWS CRIES FOUL
Chris Matthews, host of MSNBC's Hardball, charged Thursday that White House officials have frequently complained about his broadcasts to his bosses at the cable network. Speaking at a dinner honoring him on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of his program, Matthews maintained that the administration officials, particularly those in Vice President Cheney's office, had attempted to influence the editorial content of his program. "They will not silence me!" the Washington Examiner quoted him as saying. He then charged that the Bush "crowd" has "finally been caught in their criminality." (He was not specific.) Matthews is due to act as one of the moderators at Tuesday's Republican debate in Dearborn, MI.
RUSSIA ALLOWS ABC TO RETURN TO MOSCOW
Two years after it was kicked out of Russia for airing an interview with a Chechen rebel leader, ABC is being allowed to send a reporter back to Moscow to head up its bureau there. The new reporter is Clarissa Ward, a former correspondent for Fox News. Reports said that ABC had been negotiating with Russian officials in Moscow and Washington since the 2005 broadcast. It was unclear whether the network had agreed to avoid interviewing Chechen rebels as a condition for its being allowed to return. The 2005 interview with Chechnya's Shamil Basayev, conducted by Andrei Babitski of Radio Free Europe, aired on ABC's Nightline.
SEX AND CITY STAR NOTH DISCOUNTS MOVIE SPOILERS
Actor Chris Noth is pooh-poohing spoilers that appeared earlier this week on numerous gossip websites and in the New York Post suggesting that Sarah Jessica Parker's character Carrie will be getting married in the movie version of Sex and the City. Photos of Parker in a wedding dress had been circulating on the websites. "They're already making wrong observations based on a piece that actually isn't what they think it is," Noth told the syndicated Access Hollywood. "As soon as you start thinking what [the Post's gossip column] "Page Six" says is true, you should go the opposite direction." Noth's further advice: "Anything you read in the papers, take with a healthy, healthy dose of skepticism."
BBC JOURNALISTS WARN BUDGET CUTS COULD DAMAGE NETWORK
Several of the leading journalists at the BBC have signed their names to a letter to management expressing dismay at proposed cutbacks at the publicly funded network. The letter, signed by almost 100 staff members, said in part, "We believe the cuts as outlined would make it impossible for us to maintain the editorial standards for which BBC News is famous. BBC News is considered by the public to be the most important service the corporation provides. We urge you to safeguard it and reject these proposals." In its response, the BBC said that its future plans "are designed to strengthen BBC News in the long term and preserve the quality of our journalism, as well as meeting the financial challenges the BBC faces."
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May 17, 2019 Finance No comments
Stanbic IBTC: Banking Industry Compliance, Corporate Governance Practices
At a recent function in Abuja, the Managing Director/CEO of the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC), Alhaji Umaru Ibrahim, delivered a lecture where he revealed that there has been a consistent decline, over the past three years, in the recorded rate of successful fraud incidences, thefts and forgeries in the banking industry. Specifically, Ibrahim said such cases had declined by almost half, 48.12%, of the rate it was in 2015.
In response to how the industry was able to achieve such impressive reductions, Ibrahim, while putting in perspective the key reason for frauds to help buttress his response, explained that poor corporate governance practices in terms of regulatory and supervisory oversight and compliance allow frauds and forgeries to thrive. So all that needed to be done was to ensure a stronger corporate governance practice. He said the reduction is indicative of the strict adherence to sound corporate governance practices by banks, which include compliance with regulations.
Indeed, experts at a recent workshop organized by the National Institute of Compliance (NIC) agreed that compliance is at the heart of sound banking practices and sustainable banking and that the risk of banking industry failure is remoter now than it was some years back due to a higher level of compliance. The nature of the banking industry, with its intermediation functions, is such that failure can have very dire consequences for businesses and the economy. Thus, banks have a responsibility to ensure a stable industry and this can only be achieved by sound corporate governance practices.
In the 90s and early 2000s, regulatory and supervisory oversight was weak and compliance by banks to regulations was mainly in the breach. Then, the industry was an all comers’ affair, mostly populated by charlatans who see the industry as mainly a meal ticket. Banks were being opened at a dizzying pace then, with sometimes three or four opened in a month. Before the recapitalization exercise of 2005, there were close to 200 banks in the country. There was widespread corruption in the industry at the time, which led to billions of naira of depositors’ money and investors’ funds lost or misappropriated. But following the recapitalization exercise and especially after the global financial crisis of 2008, corporate governance became a major issue leading to the introduction of a raft of corporate governance codes.
READ Nigeria Foreign Reserves Increases To $34.8bn In November – CBN
For a bank like Stanbic IBTC, regulatory compliance comes like second nature. The brand’s penchant for regulatory compliance was validated in 2015 at the maiden edition of the Corporate Affairs Commission’s Corporate Citizens Awards. Stanbic IBTC Bank came first for compliance among Nigerian banks and was awarded the Most Extensive Compliance award. According to CAC, “over 800 companies were nominated for the awards, only 26 companies made the final list, out of which the nine winning companies emerged,” including Stanbic IBTC and three other banks.
Certainly, there is no better validation than a regulator attesting to a company’s good corporate citizenship. And it is no surprise that a bank like Stanbic IBTC was adjudged the first among equals in terms of compliance. Many sometimes view the bank’s processes and policies as cumbersome because of the different layers of regulatory requirements it insists must be met before a transaction can be consummated. But then on the flip side is that Stanbic IBTC Bank is one of the most secure, transparent and trusted financial institutions in the country today. These qualities continue to translate into very strong financial performances in its operations and a bullish outlook for the stock at the Nigerian Stock Exchange. In its 2018 financial report, Stanbic IBTC Bank posted an impressive 54% growth in PAT. Balance sheet grew by 20% to N1.6 trillion, driven mainly by deposit growth of 7%. And most importantly, was able to improve its asset quality as ratio of non-performing loans to total loans improved to 3.9%.
Financial institutions, particularly Stanbic IBTC, fully appreciate and understand that their survival depend on how well they are able to manage the relationships amongst their stakeholders, which require them to establish and maintain harmony between parties whose interests sometimes conflict. It is the management of such relationships that corporate governance code embodies. It is this realisation that led banks to self-regulate when in 2003 the Code of Corporate Governance for Banks and Other Financial Institutions in Nigeria was established by the Bankers’ Committee and CIBN.
Stanbic IBTC’s strong corporate governance practices is critical to the financial institution’s continued growth trajectory. The seamlessness of its change of leadership last year was quite impressive and such practices will no doubt give it the desired stability to further increase its market share and to post impressive financial results, going forward.
READ Oando Opens N54.6 Billion Rights Issue of 50 Kobo At N12.00 per share
With the 2003 code, the 2014 CBN code and a spate of regulations by the apex bank as situation demands, which makes for a stronger regulatory oversight, one can almost argue that the possibility of a banking industry failure is remoter than constant uninterrupted power supply in the country. Despite the cost of compliance, which can sometimes be huge and burdensome in terms of time and direct cost, and the risk of managements of banks becoming particularly focused on compliance at the expense of doing business, financial institutions remain resolute in ensuring a strong and viable industry. And this is beginning to produce dividends as shown by the recent NDIC figures and the industry’s financial scorecards.
Today, banks sometimes face the wrath of stakeholders as they strive to comply with regulatory directives. A case in point was the directive by the CBN that banks publish the names of delinquent debtors on its books, which did not go down well with some customers. Another was the foreign exchange utilization position, mandated to be published weekly, and the various restrictions to dollar disbursements to bank customers. Treasury Single Account (TSA), which required all agencies of government to each maintain a single account with the CBN, leading to the withdrawal of trillions of naira from commercial banks, was another policy that banks would have gladly avoided but nonetheless diligently complied with. And most recently is the ‘appointment’ of banks by the Federal Inland Revenue Service as tax collecting agents, which pitched the banks directly against some of their customers and trade partners.
There is no doubt that there is a new compliance orientation in the banking industry. And as banks like Stanbic IBTC, Zenith Bank, Access Bank and UBA continue to lead the financial services industry towards improved compliance levels, it will not only check corruption in the banking industry and risk of possible collapse, it will, due to banks’ pivotal role in the economy, help sanitize business practices and thereby attract investors and boost the economy.
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Meet Trish O'Brien
02.05.2019 | Ski Racing Staff
Authors’ note: Hello, NASTAR racers! This is Tricia Mangan and Nina O’Brien! We have both always loved reading stories about other athletes and insights from life on the road as a ski racer. We hope to contribute to the conversation by adding a unique column of our own. We want to provide content through a new lens, via athlete-to-athlete collaboration, and we hope that this opens up the possibility for new material, which is sometimes personal, sometimes humorous, and sometimes somewhere in between. Thank you for reading and please feel free to submit any suggestions for pieces you would like to read.
Tricia Mangan, on the left, and Nina O’Brien, on the right, stand together on a NorAm podium.
Trish O’Brien. Who is she?
Trish O’Brien was officially introduced at the 2018 U.S. Alpine Championships when Nina won the super-G. Everyone was crowded into the town square in Sun Valley, Idaho, waiting for awards while Steve Porino of NBC Sports was on the loudspeaker reflecting on the day. In the middle of his speech, he said, “When you’re looking up at the hill wondering how you’re going to beat Trish O’Brien, remember that just being here is a huge accomplishment.”
All the athletes laughed at this mishap and jokingly commented, “Trish O’Brien! Who is she?” However, we can’t blame Steve Porino for the confusion because it happens all the time. Coaches, teammates, and friends constantly call us by the wrong name. We’ve had technicians spend an entire season with us and still not be able to tell us apart when clicking us into each other’s skis. With rotating physios, we’ve given up hope. Is it Tricia or Nina on course? We know it’s hard. However, we were surprised when even FIS mixed us up on a World Cup live stream in Lenzerheide, Switzerland, last season. To be fair, we started back to back, but we couldn’t help but laugh when Tricia pushed out of the starting gate with Nina’s FIS picture on the big screen.
After all the mix ups, we’ve come to embrace our dual identity as Trish O’Brien. That said, if you’re curious to know about who we are as individuals, friends, and teammates, read on. This first piece is an introduction to us, but after this we promise to shift our lens toward other athletes and stories throughout the season.
Tricia, by Nina:
I met Tricia at a U16 national downhill camp in Beaver Creek, Colorado. Neither of us had ever skied downhill before, and we were running the Birds of Prey World Cup downhill course on our super-G skis. Needless to say, we were in way over our heads. I remember sitting on the chairlift together, dreading my next downhill run, when Tricia finally asked, “So, do you think this is fun?” Thank God, I thought. I was so relieved to make a friend who was just as terrified as I was.
Over the past five years as teammates, Tricia and I have come a long way together. We began with 990 FIS points on the National Training Group and slowly worked our way onto the World Cup tech team. We’re now headed into our sixth season as teammates together and our fourth year on the U.S. Ski Team. After all that time, I can honestly say that I’ve been very lucky to have Tricia as my teammate.
A lot has changed over the years. We finished high school, started our first World Cups, began studying at Dartmouth, and even learned to stand on our outside ski (it’s a work in progress). However, some things haven’t changed, and probably never will.
Tricia still explodes her duffle bag on every hotel room floor and forgets our room key every other day. She still loves a good French toast breakfast on a day off, and a non-fiction book on a long drive. From the start, Tricia was always very in tune with her equipment. From racing a NorAm on fully waxed super-G skis, to forgetting her shin guards at training, Tricia has always been able to tell when something isn’t feeling quite right. She’s still the team joker, always down for a prank, and she’s there to make you laugh when you’re feeling down. She’ll share homemade treats on the road (thank you Mary and Mrs. Mangan!), and she always remembers everyone’s birthdays. But most importantly, if you know Tricia, then you know that she’s still sending it. In every run, every day, and everything she does, Tricia is always giving it her all.
Tricia on her way to her first World Cup points in Lenzerheide (with her eyes closed!!).
Despite her old habits, I’ve also watched Tricia grow over the years. After five years, two broken noses, 20 stitches, and numerous fat lips, I can finally say that Tricia has learned how to put a chin bar on her helmet! She’s also figured out how to beat me in hearts, learned to skateboard, and discovered her new appreciation for matcha lattes.
One of the coolest moments that I’ve shared with Tricia was watching her score her first World Cup points last year. We were at an alpine combined World Cup in Lenzerheide, where Tricia and I started back to back, with bibs 40 and 41. I remember warming up at the start together and noticing how fired up Tricia was. She was in that amped up mood where it either goes really well, or she explodes half-way down the course. Watch the Killington World Cup GS video embedded below for proof. I’ve learned that when Tricia is in that mood, you’d better just let her do her thing. She kicked out of the start with a grunt and skated furiously towards the first gate before disappearing down the course. Tricia crushed it that day. She moved all the way from 40th to 19th, grabbing her first World Cup points. Our entire team was smiling, we were all proud of Tricia’s breakthrough. It was a perfect moment where her gritty attitude and natural athleticism came together in harmony. I can’t wait to watch more of those runs.
Nina, by Tricia:
Nina and I are starting our sixth season as teammates this year and for this I feel very, very lucky. We have been on the same path for those six years and sharing the ride with someone has made it infinitely more enjoyable. Nina is an extremely reliable teammate and friend and has provided comfortable consistency during my often-unpredictable time with the U.S. Ski Team. She is silently determined and hardworking, very rarely gets rattled or upset, and can always be counted on to lift team spirits. I don’t think Nina has ever missed a day of training except for when she broke her elbow, which only sidelined her for two weeks.
One of the times I was most impressed by Nina was when she got horrendous food poisoning in Sweden during World Juniors and was in the bathroom for a full 12 hours and still raced the downhill the next day (albeit a little white in the face).
Nina racing in Courchevel, France, last season.
Having a teammate who is constantly pushing to get faster and work harder has been really inspiring for me. I think this was most evident when Nina won the 2015 U.S. Alpine Championship GS when we were only second-year FIS athletes. Watching her succeed not only gave the team the motivation and competitive fire to push harder and try to match her results, but it also gave us the encouragement that hard work does pay off, something that can be easily forgotten or questioned during tough times in ski racing. This is just one of the many times that Nina has raised the bar for me and the team as a whole. I think this role on a team is really under-appreciated because it’s often hard to stay motivated when you’re one of the fastest on the team, but Nina has always keeps pushing to get better which has obviously benefitted her own skiing. And mine too.
Nina is also an awesome team player who is always down for exploring. She has a terrible sense of direction, so this means trusting me to lead the way. A questionable choice, but one that she is always up for, which has led to some memorable adventures.
Although Nina and I are quite different, we have grown close through our shared appreciation for our experience on the U.S. Ski Team together. We have learned a lot about each other from being roommates for five years straight and have even acquired some of each other’s habits and hobbies. Nina used to always stay clear of my pranking schemes because she is far nicer than me. However, this spring she took a page from my book and super glued everything onto my desk when I was away for a week! And after five years of me mooching off of Nina’s shampoo and conditioner, she finally put her foot down this trip and didn’t bring any. I’m also starting to learn how to unpack my duffel and Nina has learned how to get ready in less than fifteen minutes! So, maybe we are both becoming Trish O’Brien…
A Quick Guide to tell us apart:
In case you’re still confused about how to tell us apart, don’t worry, we can help. Here are a few quick tips:
If you see one of us drinking coffee: It’s Nina
If you hear one of us talking to themselves in the course: It’s Tricia
If you see one of us struggling to carry three pairs of skis: It’s probably Nina, but sometimes Tricia struggles too
If you see one of us outwardly frustrated, like punching a slalom gate: It’s likely Tricia, but no guarantees (slalom is hard!!!)
If you see one of us eating ice cream: 50/50. Who doesn’t like ice cream?
If you see one of us still in our neckie and ski socks at dinner: It’s probably Tricia, but no promises. Neckies are awesome!
If you see one of us trying to check a 40lb “boot bag” at the airport: It’s Nina (works every time!)
If you see one of us with gummy bears: It’s Tricia, she loves her chewy friends 😉
If you see one of us with a fresh outfit half way through training camp: Neither of us! Laundry is hard to find on the road 🙁
If you see one of us in a U.S. Ski Team Speed suit, black training shorts, Rossignol skis, Leki poles, complete with POC helmet and goggles: 50/50. Good luck. We’re not even sure, sometimes.
For more premium stories like this one, visit www.skiracing.com
Author: Ski Racing Staff
Location: Park City, UT
Logos/Media Center
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Anissimov on Monarchy; Why Wait?
Clarifications on Monarchy
Do I advocate turning the United States into a single monarchy? No; as I described in an earlier post, I’d rather see it break up into five or six parts, and for some or all of these parts to transition to monarchy.
Do I think that monarchy could be taken seriously again as a form of government in the near future? I absolutely do. Neoreactionary arguments in favor of monarchy have already struck a chord among the libertarian and conservative right, and the chatter—and web traffic—is quickly growing every day. People realize that the current system isn’t working.
Only five percent of Americans think that the American system of government works well enough to need no changes, and 51% think it needs either “significant or total change”. Based on my understanding of history, populist movements towards “total change” tend to end in Communism or Fascism, and I’d much rather it end in monarchy. This may mean importing a prince from elsewhere to rule over a part of the United States. It sounds crazy to the democratic American mind, but this system of government was perfectly normal for over 100 million Europeans just a century ago. The Republic is the ephemeral phenomena, not monarchy. We can break apart the United States and have a monarchy tomorrow if enough people want it. A few articulate people arguing in its favor from a position of sincerity can have a tremendous impact.
We can have a King today if we want one.
In May I posted: Have you heard of Aga Khan?
Forbes describes the Aga Khan as one of the world's ten richest royals with an estimated net worth of $800 million USD (2010). Additionally he is unique among the richest royals as he does not preside over a geographic territory.[1] He owns hundreds of racehorses, valuable stud farms, an exclusive yacht club on Sardinia,[19] a private island in the Bahamas, two Bombardier jets, a 12-seat helicopter,[20] a £100 million high speed yacht named after his prize racehorse,[21] and several estates around the world, including an estate called Aiglemont in the town of Gouvieux, France, north of Paris. His philanthropic institutions, funded by his followers, spend more than $600 million per year – primarily in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.[22] In 2007, after an interview with the Aga Khan, G. Pascal Zachary, of the The New York Times, wrote, "Part of the Aga Khan's personal wealth [used by him and his family], which his advisers say exceeds $1 billion [USD], comes from a dizzyingly complex system of tithes[23] that some of the world's 15 million Ismaili Muslims pay him each year [one of which is called dasond,[23][24] which is at least 12.5% of each Nizari Ismaili's gross[23] annual income] – an amount that he will not disclose but which may reach hundreds of millions of dollars annually."[6]
A king is not needed today. But there are lots of organizations that take on quasi-governmental roles, particularly in the modern age when government has taken over so much of society.
Recently Anissimov also posted:
1) Group of ~100 wealthy, well-connected people to be founders of a new country, like the Constitutional Congress.
2) Group of 10,000+ people who actually want to form a new country or will at least go along with it happily. Ideally more like twenty million.
Different strategies are needed to establish each group. Group 1 needs detailed arguments, practical plans, deep ideological agreement, and a huge stack of papers that set out the basic legal and administrative order of the country. High IQ, well-educated territory. Not for mass consumption. A list of officials for the new country would also need to be drawn up.
Group 2 needs enthusiasm and friendship more than anything intellectual. Personal, social solidarity. A general vague idea of the point behind the country. Detailed legal or administrative arguments will not be needed. The less theoretical detail they need to know, the better. Their role is not to participate in the government, but just live their lives in a new society that functions relatively normally.
To people who are not comfortable being exposed to Group 1 content, the theoretical discussions may look like a “literary circle jerk” that is “ideological LARPing”. This is fine. The philosophy behind the legal and administrative content may need to look fantasy-based, or frivolous, because a deep and broad worldview is needed to produce the inspiration to come up with these details.
Group 2 will need to see action. They won’t be interested, or capable of closely understanding, the mess of details and worldview which generates Group 1 content. Superficial elements and slogans are fine; ideally the face of a charismatic leader who is yet to be found. This group is not about theory, it is about practice. They will not understand the point of Group 1 activity very well, and will be impatient about it.
Group 1 theorists will need to remain separate from Group 2 enthusiasts in order to do theory. For Group 1, I am not necessarily referring to actually wealthy or well-connected people, just those who can do theory and eventually hand it over to such people in complete form. The separation is needed otherwise the Group 1 theorists will get too distracted. Hence the deliberate obscurantism of many reactionary writers.
Since it will probably take at least a few years, and more like ten, for Group 1 to finish its work, Group 2 types will have to be patient for that long. Can Group 2 grow in the absence of Group 1′s completed theory? Perhaps, but I’m not sure. The final necessary form of Group 2 may depend on details spelled out carefully by Group 1. Or perhaps it won’t make a difference.
Group 2 will consist more of people who come and go, use aliases, can’t pin down exactly what they believe, are reluctant to make ideological or social commitments, etc. Group 1 will consist more of people who are totally sucked in, whose names are publicly known, whose reputations are closely connected to the reaction, who do writing, and so on.
One of the ways to damage the Cathedral is through non-action （无为）. Instead of fighting the Cathedral, do nothing either for or against it. A parent who homeschools is practicing non-action with respect to the public school system. A saver who keeps savings in precious metals is practicing non-action with respect to the Cathedral's monetary system. There is a form of organization called a Health care sharing ministry. New organizations are not allowed since 1999, but the concept is useful.
It is not the job of Group 1 to figure out what Group 2 needs. That is the system in place today, if you like it you can keep it. Group 2 should be thinking about what a post-Cathedral society looks like and what it can do today to build it. It may mean running into oppression by the Cathedral, but carving out a space is a positive step in the right direction. It is inaction by action, akin to moving abroad and building a new business.
The area I'd really love to be able to do something with is healthcare. It is screaming for a fix and it is not a complicated one in the sense that the market already knows how to do this; Arnold Kling laid out a system in Crisis of Abundance: Rethinking How We Pay for Health Care. The Surgery Center of Oklahoma already built a working healthcare delivery system. Insurance companies know how to price insurance if they're allowed to do it according to all the information available and only offer real insurance, not prepaid medical services. The issue is connecting the insurance system to the delivery system without having USG destroy it in the process. The health care sharing ministry appear able to do that, but new groups are not allowed.
In conclusion, group 1 does need time, but group 1 may never complete the job or may even cease to exist. Group 2 can get to work in the meantime, and the more work group 2 accomplishes, the more likely group 1 will stick together and complete their task because group 2 will create the demand for it.
Vox on the Dark Enlightenment Again
This is a good thing, and ironically, although Vox hadn't heard of Land before, he did predict this would be a year of defining what the dark enlightenment/neoreaction is exactly. The phony Dark Enlightenment
The so-called Dark Enlightenment is just another fantasy media "trend", about as credible as the New York Times annual stories on junior high school sex rings.
Is PC Worse Than Communism? Yes.
Seen on Heartiste.
Good Enough For Government Work: DOT Traffic Forecasts
The Cathedral forecasts road traffic.
Seen here.
Vox on Christianity and the Dark Enlightenment
Dark Enlightenment: the second stage
The fact that young men are leaving the Church is not an indictment of the Dark Enlightenment. Indeed, we Christians who acknowledge its truths are the only ones who will be able to reach this young ex-Catholic and other young men who have left the Church because we are the only ones they will trust. We are the only ones who have not lied to them. Their leaving is an indictment of the deceitful Churchianism that has betrayed the young sheep who were in the fold, and who have fled it in reaction due to the non-stop lies they have observed, deceit of the sort that Shea is still perpetrating.
Jesus Christ is the Truth. And one cannot defend the truth with lies. John 15:4 states: "No branch can bear fruit by itself; it must remain in the vine. Neither can you bear fruit unless you remain in me." It is not hard to observe that every church, including the Roman Catholic Church, that has embraced equalitarianism, feminism, and anti-racism has almost immediately begun to die. But it appears the idea that anti-racism and desegregation is unbiblical and consequentially antithetical to Christianity may be as hard for some to bear as the idea that homosexuality and usury and fornication are for others.
This is a conflict that often appears with Game: people conflate the morals of PUAs with the truth of their observations. It is the same as conflating the splitting of the atom with morality. One man splits the atom to power a million homes, the other uses it to destroy a million homes. Most Christians who have a serious problem with the Dark Enlightenment are probably conflating men and their ideas, or as Vox states, they aren't following the Bible very closely.
Looking at it from the opposite end, the Enlightenment started the long-term decline in the Church and religion. The first real revolution under the Enlightenment was the French Revolution, which turned churches into brothels and murdered priests and nuns. In the comments, Vox also criticizes the Dark Enlightenment as a movement:
Would this thread be the right place to ask you to elaborate on that?
Sure. The concept implies some kind of movement or at least central influence. But that simply doesn't exist. Look at Charlton's take on it, for example. Or look at how some of the people put forth as the leaders are people that a named figure like me has never even HEARD of.
There is no movement, there is simply the Internet and the decline of the gatekeepers. I was shut out, intentionally, by the St. Paul Pioneer Press, when they were looking for a "conservative" columnist for the op/ed page. It was fine for me to write video game reviews, and they turned to me when no one else could make heads or tails of the Unabomber's manifesto, but let a smart, young, popular right-winger have a spot on the op/ed page? No way.
Now the gatekeepers can't keep people away from us anymore. The only thing we all have in common is that we are all iconoclasts. And that is hardly the basis for common cause, let alone a movement. It's just not credible.
Keep An Eye on China
Being authoritarian, China has a lot of tools it can use to hide bad debts. That said, the credit bubble is quite spectacular and this story is very much like late 2007 and early 2008 when problems starting showing up in Western credit markets.
Chinese Stocks Tumble On Contagion Concerns From First Shadow-Banking Default
White Democrats Are Not Long For This World
The Democratic coalition was 58-42 white-minority in 2012. Democrats self-identified as 60% white in 2013. Republicans were 92-8. The politically endangered species is not the white Republicans, or even the minority Republicans despite what the media likes to hype, but the white Democrat.
The battle is beginning in the extreme parts of the Cathedral with the feminists. Here's a story from 2013 which got some coverage in the greater reactosphere: Feminists on Twitter say #SolidarityIsForWhiteWomen
Whose voices are most heard when it comes to feminism? On Monday, the hashtag #SolidarityIsForWhiteWomen trended worldwide as Twitter users criticised what they call the exclusion of nonwhite women from mainstream feminism.
The hashtag was originally coined by blogger Mikki Kendall during a Twitter debate about Hugo Schwyzer, an American academic and self-described "male feminist". Schwyzer has been accused of harassing non-white female bloggers and recently wrote that his critics drove him offline.
The debate quickly went global as netizens from South Africa to Japan started using the hashtag. Many said they felt excluded from mainstream feminism and shared examples from media outlets and pop culture.
Now it is coming to America, ironically amidst one of the Whitopias: Seattle.
White Feminism Nearing Endpoint
This inclusion of women-owned firms under affirmative action has been a great boon to a number of white men who happen to have good wives. Just keep the company in your wife’s name, and it qualifies as a “disadvantaged” business. Affirmative action for white women has not done much for singlemoms, but it’s made a lot of rich white folks’ lives easier (their daughters could take advantage of affirmative action), and it has raised some others into the middle class or above. Those who can keep their marriages together despite having working wives have probably fared best. Overall, due to the negative effects on family formation, it’s probably a wash, but possibly somewhat better for whites than if they were entirely denied affirmative action.
But now the jig is up. It had to end eventually. This grand coalition has too many takers today, and something must give. Apparently, that will be white women’s privileges under affirmative action.
Great opportunity to black knight (be anti-racist) and defend minority interests. Make sure the greedy white women are kicked out. The marginal white woman excluded from the affirmative action party will move to the right. This will weaken both affirmative action and feminism. Anti-racist means protecting minorities from white female privilege!
Was Marx Born Marxist?
A lot of Marxists emulate Marx, down to the not bathing, stealing from others, elevating intelligence above all and acting morally superior.
From Jan 1, 2010: The Misandry Bubble
Executive Summary : The Western World has quietly become a civilization that undervalues men and overvalues women, where the state forcibly transfers resources from men to women creating various perverse incentives for otherwise good women to conduct great evil against men and children, and where male nature is vilified but female nature is celebrated. This is unfair to both genders, and is a recipe for a rapid civilizational decline and displacement, the costs of which will ultimately be borne by a subsequent generation of innocent women, rather than men, as soon as 2020.
Crime Thinkers of the Highest Order
Kindle Führer: “Mein Kampf” Tops Amazon Charts
People might not have wanted to buy Mein Kampf at Borders or have it delivered to their home or displayed on their living room bookshelf, let alone get spotted reading it on a subway, but judging by hundreds of customer comments online, readers like that digital copies can be quietly perused then dropped into a folder or deleted. “I think I waited 45 years to read Hitler’s words,” writes one reviewer. Another sums it up thusly: “Curiosity killed me to get this book.”
It has been asked of neoreaction: Why now?
A big reason is the availability of old texts online. In the old days someone might mention an obscure writer and he'd stay that way because only the most determined of people would hunt down a copy of the book. Even 10 years ago, if someone found a book online, they probably didn't read it unless they printed it out. Now, some commenter on a blog mentions Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn in a comment and you can find his books and download them to a tablet or smartphone and read at your leisure.
Neoreactionaries aren't mining Mein Kampf for insight, but to the Cathedral it's all Mein Kampf. People who live in forest or jungle environments can distinguish many shades of green, but city dwellers see it all as green. The Cathedral sees anything to the right of modern conservatism (progressivism from 1950?) as Hitler and most people are mental city dwellers who are given the progressive view early on. Most people today are city dwellers unable to distinguish between the enemies of progressivism, let alone the fact that enemy #1 was in fact quite progressive himself. The surge in Mein Kampf is an interesting anecdote, but it is an example of technological change that is a positive for free thought. And the fact that the Cathedral screams "Hitler" when it comes across the dark enlightment......one can engage in a little bit of horrorism if when accused of being a Nazi for holding anti-Cathedral views, instead of explaining that is not the case, point out that Mein Kampf is selling really well these days. Agree and amplify.
Labels: culture
Are You A Feminist?
PIV is always rape, ok?
First, well intercourse is NEVER sex for women. Only men experience rape as sexual and define it as such. Sex for men is the unilateral penetration of their penis into a woman (or anything else replacing and symbolising the female orifice) whether she thinks she wants it or not – which is the definition of rape: that he will to do it anyway and that he uses her and treats her as a receptacle, in all circumstances – it makes no difference to him experiencing it as sexual. That is, at the very least, men use women as useful objects and instruments for penetration, and women are dehumanised by this act. It is an act of violence.
...The term “fuck you” is not an insult for nothing, men know why – it’s the worst thing you can do to a human being. It is in itself an extremely physically invasive act, very often painful, generally at the beginning before the pain may be cut off by the genital arousal; causes all sorts of tears, bruises, swelling, discomfort, STDs, vaginal infections, urinary infections, genital warts, HIV and death.
I wonder if she is for the anti-gay propaganda laws in Russia and the anti-sodomy laws in many African nations such as Uganda. Certainly everything she says against PIV is absolutely 100% true for sodomy.
The fact intercourse causes so many infections and tears and warts attests to the unnaturalness of intercourse, that it’s not meant to be. The vagina’s primary function isn’t to be penetrated by a penis but to eject a baby for birth. They are two muscle tissues / sphincters pressed against each other to help the baby be pushed out. Penetration of the penis into the vagina is completely unnecessary for conception.
So, like an anus. A friend was once riffing on lefty talking points and he was doing a hilarious job of it, and since he has a lot of comedic talent, I praised him for the great job. Except he wasn't making it up, he was just repeating what he heard on NPR on the way over.
The Left must not be completely destroyed, if only to save the comedy.
Originally seen at: @heartiste
Rise of the Right: Asia's Princelings
Princelings are ruling not just China
The Chinese word "Taizidang," usually translated as "princelings," means the offspring of prominent senior officials of China's Communist Party. China's current paramount leader, Xi Jinping, is a classic example of this powerful and privileged class.
If this term is used in a broader sense to mean influential politicians with a strong political pedigree, such as the sons and daughters of former presidents and prime ministers, it can be said that princelings dominate the ranks of political leaders in East Asia.
Besides Chinese President Xi, the list also includes Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, South Korean President Park Geun-hye, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, Philippine President Benigno Aquino III, Thai Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra and Singapore's prime minister, Lee Hsien Loong.
Seven East Asian countries, or more than 40% of the 17 countries and areas in the region, are led by a "princeling." In Northeast Asia, in particular, two-thirds of the six countries and areas in the sub-region are under the leadership of a scion of the political nobility. Four princelings - Abe, Xi, Park and Kim - define the landscape of political leadership in Northeast Asia.
Why Does the RNC Support Hate Holidays?
RNC On Kwanzaa: "God Help Us"
“I want to extend my best wishes to all who are celebrating Kwanzaa,” said Chairman Priebus. “For families coming together to mark the occasion, I hope it is a joyous time of celebration with loved ones–and a time of meaningful reflection ahead of the New Year.”
“From December 26 through January 1, many families will take time to celebrate African culture and history. Kwanzaa is a wonderful opportunity for all of us to honor the importance of family and community, and it reminds us of the great diversity in America. Happy Kwanzaa!” said Co-Chairman Day.
"When Karenga was asked to distinguish Kawaida, the philosophy underlying Kwanzaa, from "classical Marxism," he essentially said that, under Kawaida, we also hate whites.
Good Enough For Government Work: DOT Traffic Forec...
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Know your brain: Inferior colliculus
Where is the inferior colliculus?
INFERIOR COLLICULI AS SEEN WHEN LOOKING AT THE POSTERIOR SIDE OF THE BRAINSTEM.
There are two inferior colliculi in the midbrain. They are symmetrically positioned, one on either side of the midline of the brainstem, and they form two bumps on the posterior surface of the brainstem just below the superior colliculi. The inferior colliculus is often subdivided into three regions: a central nucleus, dorsal cortex, and external cortex. The names of these last two regions are not completely consistent (e.g. some sources refer to the dorsal cortex as the pericentral nucleus and the external cortex as the lateral nucleus). The dorsal cortex and external cortex surround the central nucleus.
What is the inferior colliculus and what does it do?
The inferior colliculus is best known for its role in hearing. It is the largest nucleus of the auditory system in humans, and it is the point in the brainstem where all auditory pathways traveling through the brainstem converge. It is also the point from which auditory pathways branch out to carry auditory information on to other areas of the brain like the superior colliculus or thalamus.
The central nucleus of the inferior colliculus receives information from a number of auditory regions, including the cochlea itself as well as other areas like the superior olivary nuclei. The central nucleus also extends neuronal fibers to the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, another important nucleus in the auditory pathway. From there, information travels to the cerebral cortex. Thus, the inferior colliculus acts as an important relay station for auditory information.
It's also thought, however, that the inferior colliculus plays important roles in integrating auditory information from various auditory nuclei, as well as in fine-tuning that information. The cells of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus are organized tonotopically, meaning that different neurons respond preferentially to different frequencies of sound. Activation of neurons linked to a particular frequency, along with the inhibition of those that respond to different frequencies, may help to sharpen the perception of sound.
Additionally, neurons in the inferior colliculus are specialized to respond to cues (e.g. intensity, the difference in arrival time of a sound to both ears, etc.) that allow for the localization of sound, or the determination of where in space sound is coming from. This information is transmitted to the superior colliculus, which is involved with movement (e.g. of the head and eyes) in response to visual and auditory cues in the environment. There are also direct connections between the inferior colliculus and cortical areas involved in the control of gaze, perhaps to facilitate complex tasks of gaze control that involve aspects of memory, recognition, and other more sophisticated types of cognition.
These functions are all attributable to the central nucleus. The roles of the external and dorsal cortices are not as well understood. Although the external cortex receives input from auditory areas, it also receives information regarding bodily sensations, and is hypothesized to play a role in the representation of bodily position in respect to sounds in the environment. Damage to the dorsal cortex has been found to produce greater deficits in attention and vigilance than hearing, but its role is still in need of further clarification.
Thus, more work needs to be done to completely understand the functions of the inferior colliculus, but at this point it is clear that the structure is an important component of the auditory pathway. It is involved in fine-tuning and integrating auditory sensations from a variety of other auditory regions, and sending that information on to the thalamus and cerebral cortex. It also is important to identifying the location of sound in space and orienting the body towards such sounds. Its other functions will likely become clearer with future research.
Oertel D, Doupe AJ. 2000. The Auditory Central Nervous System. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, eds. Principles of Neural Science, 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Winer JA, Schreiner CH. 2005. The Central Auditory System: A Functional Analysis. In: Winer JA, Schreiner CH, eds. The Inferior Colliculus. New York: Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.
Know your brain, Neuroanatomy, Hearing, Brainstem
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Graduate Open House July 10
Carley Weinstein
Hofstra will host a Graduate Open House on Tuesday, July 10. The event, sponsored by the Office of Graduate Admission, will include presentations from current faculty, information about Residential Programs and The Career Center, and a tour of our 244-acre campus.
Representatives from the Frank G. Zarb School of Business; Hofstra College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; Hofstra Northwell School of Graduate Nursing and Physician Assistant Studies; the School of Health Professions and Human Services; Premedical Post-Baccalaureate Studies; School of Communication; School of Law; and the School of Engineering and Applied Science; will be available at various South Campus locations.
Officials from the Office of Graduate Admissions also will be available to answer questions about programs, financial aid, and the application process.
An additional Graduate Open House will be held on Tuesday, August 14.
Advance registration for Graduate Open House is recommended. Check-in begins at 11 a.m. at the Sondra and David S. Mack Student Center, North Campus. Students interested in education, nursing or occupational therapy should check in at Hagedorn Hall.
If you’re not ready to make the jump into a master’s- or doctoral-level program but you want to get started, you can enroll on-site as a non-matriculated student. As a non-matriculated student, you may complete up to 12 credits before enrolling in a degree program.
Tagsgraduate open house
Spring Open House May 5
Transfer Open House April 5
Graduate Open House March 24
Hofstra Named Military-Friendly
Fall Open House, Sept. 22
Summer Visit Days 2018
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Hitting All the High Notes
For the graduating seniors in the Tufts Wind Ensemble, it’s been four years of fun and community—with a touch of Dropkick Murphys
“At Tufts, we make beautiful music and we have fun,” said Melissa Wishner, here with fellow band member Tommy George. Photo: Alonso Nichols
By Laura Ferguson
At commencement this Sunday, Melissa Wishner, A19, will rise early, pick up her alto sax, and walk to a familiar, small square tent on the Academic Quad. Tommy George, E19, will head there, too, with his bass clarinet.
They could choose to process with the Class of 2019, but they’d rather be here, among about twenty-five musicians from the fifty-member Tufts Wind Ensemble. Together, they will set the musical stage with selections ranging from classic marches and evocative folk songs to soundtracks from Disney films and Harry Potter.
They know this ritual well: they’ve performed with the ensemble at commencement since they were freshmen, and they can’t imagine spending this morning anywhere else, among friends, playing instruments they’ve loved since grade school.
“To me, it’s the best of both worlds,” said Wishner, Wind Ensemble president, who will be “wearing my cap and gown and throwing my hat when everyone does. Graduation is about spending time with people who are important to you and part of your Tufts community, and to me, that is the Wind Ensemble. And I think it’s pretty cool—most people can’t say they got to play ‘Pomp and Circumstance’ at their own graduation.”
George agreed. “It feels like closure after having done it every year with the same group,” he said. “It’s the right note to end on, to play with the people I’ve played with for four years.”
Growing up a “Band Kid”
Wishner has been devoted to the alto sax since the day when, as a curious third grader, she happened on her grandfather’s vintage instrument stowed in the back of a closet. “Music is just something I’ve always loved,” said Wishner, who went on to play with school bands in Ardsley, New York. “I love being part of the band and creating music together—that’s always been most rewarding part of making music.”
George, a self-described “band kid” since elementary school in Danbury, Connecticut, was smitten by the clarinet after hearing a music group playing in a local library. “It was all these different types of clarinets,” he said, “and I liked the way they sounded. I thought, ‘If I had to pick an instrument, it would be that one.’”
As a freshman at Tufts, he went to a music department open house and discovered the Wind Ensemble. “I was really delighted to discover this accessible group that was designed to basically take people like me, who played throughout high school and well before,” he said. “I had made a lot of friends through similar programs, so I was excited to continue to have music as an outlet here.”
Students who join the Wind Ensemble rehearse twice weekly for four concerts, two a semester. It’s a serious commitment, said George and Wishner, but the group is friendly and noncompetitive, a welcome balance to their academic studies, respectively, in engineering and child studies.
That sense of belonging to a close-knit community, they said, reflects the dedication and spirited leadership of conductor John McCann, who has been band director at Tufts since 1986.
“Wind Ensemble is where we get together and laugh together,” said George. “It’s always been a group to release pressure, rather than to have more pressure added on, which is important when you’re taking on activities at college.”
“The conductor sets the tone,” agreed Wishner. “At Tufts, we make beautiful music and we have fun. We joke around. We all go out and have dinner after a rehearsal—and try to have lunch together, too. A lot of that sense of community is because of John; he’s welcoming musically, but also focused on the whole experience.”
McCann likes to make concerts an interactive experience for the audience. At Wishner’s first concert, which was for children, they were playing music from Toy Story. McCann suggested that during “You’ve Got a Friend in Me” somebody should dress up as a cowboy or cowgirl and lead the crowd in the song.
“As a newcomer wanting to prove myself, so I volunteered,” said Wishner. “My parents brought me a little vest and a cowboy hat, and I stood in front of the crowd, my face bright red, singing the song. That kind of set the tone for what’s been a really fun, enthusiastic experience.”
That sense of fun is a hallmark of the Wind Ensemble. When a rehearsal landed on April Fool’s Day this year, the students swapped “I’m Shipping Up to Boston” by the Dropkick Murphys for the piece they were planning to rehearse.
“We passed out music beforehand and just jumped in when he started conducting,” said George. McCann was surprised, but also impressed with the band’s ability to sight read—for most members it was the first time they had played the song. He was so pleased that he suggested they play it at their next concert. “He said it was the best thing that happened to him all day,” said George.
From Early English Folksongs to the Dropkick Murphys
The Dropkick Murphys surprise song turned out to be so popular that it’s making encore appearance at commencement this year. The program also will include other selections from previous concerts, such as highlights from Beauty and the Beast, the early English folksong “Three Ayres from Gloucester,” and “Hogwarts’ March” from Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.
“We keep it light,” said McCann, who has been conducting the commencement program since 1992. “Mostly I’m guided by what the students want to do. They’re good sports to play at commencement. It’s a commitment that means—if they’re not seniors—that they’re either coming back or sticking around for an extra week.”
For George and Wishner, commencement this year is, of course, a rite of passage. They know their family members will be among the 5,000 guests filling the Academic Quad, and they will be looking out for their classmates and friends as they march by at the beginning of the ceremony.
George, who is heading off to a Ph.D. program in applied physics at Harvard, says he’s looking forward to another chance to perform “March of the Belgian Parachutists.” The four bass clarinetists “have been calling that melody our theme song,” he said. “It’s a memory of the time when the bass clarinet section was the largest it’s ever been, and also of how tight-knit we became as musicians.”
Wishner said her favorite from this year’s program is the old Irish folk song “The Minstrel Boy.” “The song really captures for me the feeling of unity and wholeness, producing a sound that is greater than the sum of its parts,” she said. “That is the essence of what Wind Ensemble has been of for me these four years at Tufts—a coming together of many different members from various walks of life at Tufts, but together producing a community that can create something far greater than any individual could alone.”
Laura Ferguson can be reached at laura.ferguson@tufts.edu.
Alfre Woodard to Tufts Graduates: Speak Truth to Power
Commencement by the Numbers
Alfre Woodard to Deliver Commencement Address
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Home Community Sen. Doug Jones vows to continue fighting to repeal the Military Widow’s...
Sen. Doug Jones vows to continue fighting to repeal the Military Widow’s Tax
Special to the
Sen. Doug Jones (D-Ala.) spoke last week on the Senate floor to urge his colleagues to support a vote on his bipartisanMilitary Widow’s Tax Elimination Act of 2019, which is currently cosponsored by a record-high 75 senators. Jones requested the bill’s passage by unanimous consent during deliberations on the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), but his request was blocked by a Republican senator. The next opportunity to move the legislation forward comes in two weeks, when the House of Representatives debates its own version of the NDAA.
During his remarks, Jones was joined last week in the gallery of the Senate by dozens of military widows and advocates who had hoped to see the long-awaited passage of the bill.
After his floor speech, Jones issued the following statement on his reaction to the objection and his plan to continue engaging Senate and House leaders to pass the bill:
“I am incredibly frustrated that my request to pass the military widow’s tax repeal was blocked. This is sadly indicative of a bigger problem we have in the Senate where we don’t vote on amendments and the only bills that can get to the floor for a vote are simply the result of back-room political deals.
“But we’re not going to give up, and we’re not going to stop trying. I’m going to keep working with leaders in both the Senate and the House to try to get this passed. We will have another opportunity in the House in two weeks, and I will be active in encouraging my House counterparts to act where the Senate has failed. The Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee indicated that he would be interested in passing this bill through a different means than the NDAA. I appreciate that commitment and am hopeful that we can work together to achieve that goal. It’s just the right thing to do, so I’m going to keep fighting until it’s done. Plain and simple.”
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Obbergo
Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio
Posted on December 12, 2017 December 13, 2017 by NKObbergo Leave a comment
As kids growing up in Ohio we often spent time at Cedar Point amusement park in Sandusky.
People throughout the entire world know about it. It’s the number-one rated amusement park on the planet. It’s also the second oldest amusement park in North America. With a history dating back to 1870, the classic amusement park/resort on the shore of Lake Erie has seen its share of rides, roller coasters, trends and history.Over the many years in Ohio we were lucky to have the park in our front yard.
Prior to 1870 the Cedar Point Peninsula was mainly used for fishing and hunting. However, that all changed with an editorial in the local newspaper in 1867 calling on “some enterprising person” to utilize the magnificent beach on the lake side of Cedar Point. In the summer of 1870, local businessperson Louis Zistel opened a small beer garden, bathhouse and dance floor on the peninsula. He would bring guests over to Cedar Point on his steamboat, Young Reindeer, for the modest price of 25 cents. By the 1880s it was noted in the local paper that “sailing and bathing parties to Cedar Point are all the rage.”
The history of thrill rides at Cedar Point began in 1892 with the introduction of the peninsula’s first roller coaster, the Switchback Railway. The addition of the 25-foot-tall, 10-mph scream machine would forever shape the future of Cedar Point. Later years would bring a wide variety of rides, roller coasters, games, shows and more. Visionaries such as George Boeckling, George Roose, Emile Legros, Robert L. Munger, Jr. and Richard Kinzel have all played a significant part in creating the ultimate amusement park that more than 3 million guests trek to each and every summer.
With all the changes over the years, the Cedar Point of today wouldn’t be recognized by a guest who visited in 1870 — with two exceptions. The first thing is the beach, the beautiful, sandy Lake Erie beach. The second thing — and the best thing — is the smiles. The smiles that Cedar Point guests have been sharing since the first ferry crossed Sandusky Bay so many years ago. The same smiles that are sure to be echoed at Cedar Point in the future, as Lake Erie’s summertime tradition continues with the very best in family fun and excitement.
Dock your boat on Lake Erie
Water fun too!
Yes…Water Fun!
Plenty of room to stay a few days
Fun facts about Cedar Point!
• 2016 will be Cedar Point’s 147th season of operation, making it the second oldest continually-operated amusement park in North America
• Cedar Point was voted the “Best Amusement Park in the World” for 16 consecutive years by the readers of Amusement Today
• Cedar Point features more than 150 rides, shows and attractions
• The Cedar Point Peninsula is 364 acres
• Cedar Point hires more than 5,000 seasonal employees each summer
• Cedar Point has more than 1,420,000 Facebook fans
• More than 1.6 million LED lights illuminate the Cedar Point Midway
• There are more than three miles of midway in the park
• Cedar Point has three unique carousels, with 164 animals to ride, including one of only three operating D.C. Muller carousels in the world
• Each year, Cedar Point uses more than 1,800 gallons of paint in 872 different colors
Roller coaster facts!
• More than 12 million pounds of concrete were used in the construction of GateKeeper
• Each piece of GateKeeper track weighs approximately 7,500 pounds.
• Each of the four pieces that make up GateKeeper’s keyhole towers weighs about 65,000 pounds
• Cedar Point now has 50,727 feet of roller coaster track… that’s more than 10 miles
• Riders travel at 176 feet per second (120 mph) on the Top Thrill Dragster—the fastest coaster in the park
• The Mean Streak is made of 1.7 million board feet of treated southern yellow pine
• More than 100 tons of nuts and 568 tons of steel were used to build Magnum XL-200
• Cedar Point boasts 71 rides, including 18 roller coasters making it the “Roller Coaster Capital of the World”
Food facts!
• Guests drink 802,000 gallons of soft drinks each year
• Guests eat on average 91 miles of hot dogs per year
• Guests eat on average 190,000 pounds of hamburger patties per year
• Guests eat on average 595 tons of French fries per year
• Guests eat on average 29,000 gallons of ice cream per year
We have always enjoyed our time at Cedar Point!
Posted in Ohio, Sandusky, Uncategorized
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@ Obbergo 2012
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California's Governor Criticizes PG&E Over Board Plans
Gov. Gavin Newsom's letter criticized what he described as the company's plans "to reconstitute its board with hedge fund financiers, out-of-state executives and others with little or no experience in California and inadequate expertise in utility operations, regulation and safety."
California Gov. Gavin Newsom sent a letter March 28 to executives at Pacific Gas & Electric Company criticizing what he described as the company's plans "to reconstitute its board with hedge fund financiers, out-of-state executives and others with little or no experience in California and inadequate expertise in utility operations, regulation and safety."
Addressed to John Simon, interim CEO of Pacific Gas & Electric Corporation, Newsom's letter said, "I am troubled to learn that PG&E is primed to reconstitute its board with hedge fund financiers, out-of-state executives and others with little or no experience in California and inadequate expertise in utility operations, regulation and safety. With this move, PG&E would send a clear message that it is prioritizing quick profits for Wall Street over public safety and reliable and affordable energy service."
The letter continued, "Time and again, PG&E has broken the public trust and its responsibilities to ratepayers, wildfire victims, and employees. This board appears to be more of the same. It raises serious doubts about the company's commitment to make changes needed to deliver safe, reliable and affordable power to Californians."
Newsom then urges the company "to reconsider and appoint board members who understand the imperative for change and the need to prioritize the interests of the people of California. PG&E's board should be comprised by a majority of Californians who have experience as regulators, safety experts and clean energy leaders. Any new board member should be resolved to change the culture of the company, understand the concerns of ratepayers and demonstrate a commitment to the fair treatment of wildfire victims and employees."
PG&E Corporation and its primary operating subsidiary, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, filed voluntary petitions Jan. 29 under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of California. The company could face billions of dollars in potential liability for 2018 wildfires in northern California, if plaintiffs can prove its equipment caused them.
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Maryland's Governor Signs Two Firefighters Benefits Bills
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Senior councillors set to approve public consultation on South Bank Leeds which could ‘transform’ and double the size of Leeds city centre
Leeds ,
southbankleedsnew.jpg
Image courtesy of southbankleeds.co.uk
Plans to carry out a public consultation on the regeneration of the South Bank area which would effectively double the size of Leeds city centre will be discussed by senior councillors next week.
At the meeting of the executive board at Civic Hall on Wednesday 27 July, councillors will be asked to approve a three-month public consultation to begin in August on the plans for South Bank Leeds, which is one the largest regeneration schemes of its type in Europe.
The consultation would include a focus on how best to integrate and maximise the opportunities around the redevelopment of Leeds Station for the arrival of high-speed rail, with the station (also now known as the Yorkshire Hub) becoming a key national transport interchange busier than Gatwick Airport currently is.
The public consultation will be seeking views on all aspects of the proposals, including the feasibility of key infrastructure elements such as the use of public spaces, the role of a city park and how best to connect the area with future rail services as part of an integrated transport network.
Covering an area the size of 250 football pitches, South Bank Leeds is of pivotal importance to the future city and regional economy as it will provide more than 35,000 jobs and over 4,000 homes. With an aim to create a leading European destination for living, working and leisure, it will also be home to a new educational hub for over 10,000 students as well as community facilities and leisure attractions to further strengthen connections with surrounding areas and the wider city as a whole.
Its economic attractiveness has already started to be demonstrated with leading companies such as Vastint, Burberry, Citu and CEG committing more than £500million worth of investment into the area in the last year. Planning permissions have now been granted for more than a thousand new homes while the area will also feature a new £125m Climate Innovation District of eco-friendly housing.
A key element of the South Bank plans is the opportunities provided by the redevelopment of Leeds Station to integrate high-speed HS2 and Northern Powerhouse (HS3) rail services with the existing transport network, with the potential to also remodel and transform the areas surrounding the station into major commercial centres and attractive welcoming destinations in their own right. Leeds City Council is currently working with key partners and stakeholders on improvement proposals for the station in the short, medium and long terms.
Cultural aspects such as the use of public spaces and play areas, as well as an innovative approach to architecture and the possibilities provided by the River Aire are also being considered as part of the Leeds bid to become 2023 European Capital of Culture.
Leader of Leeds City Council Councillor Judith Blake said:
“The hugely exciting potential around South Bank Leeds means it is an incredible opportunity to regenerate and transform the area into a vibrant, modern and attractive place to live, learn, work and visit. We have already seen some success in the area with businesses of all shapes and sizes heading there. Further development will help drive job creation for local people for many years to come and will be a massive boost to the city and wider regional economy.
“All of those benefits only happen, however, if we get the plans right and that is why it is vital we get the views from as many people as possible to find out what they think. Integrating and linking the South Bank fully with surrounding communities and the wider city is essential, along with the connections to the transport network and maximising the redeveloped Leeds Station. So we look forward to the public consultation taking place to find out people’s views.”
Full details of the ways the public and stakeholders can take part in the consultation will be confirmed following the outcome of the executive board meeting.
The key elements of the South Bank Leeds regeneration framework, which will be published for consultation next month, include:
A vision for the redeveloped Leeds Station (Yorkshire Hub as it is also being called) maximising the opportunities of high-speed rail through an architectural statement reflecting the city. It also offers the chance to transform the areas around the station as a major destination and also to create a new commercial zone of international significance
Maximising the River Aire and surrounding areas as a major leisure, events and recreation space for people of all ages to engage with
Creation of six pieces of public open space as well as areas for events, play and animation. These would include a forecourt for HS2
Transformation of the road network in the South Bank to complement facilities, with a focus on public transport access and pedestrian and cycle-friendly through a ‘city boulevard’ approach
New routes from the South Bank to adjoining neighbourhoods to improve connectivity, and land uses to support the creation of a range of employment opportunities
The creation of a city centre ‘green park’ to serve the area and the wider city
Vision of a mixed-use neighbourhood, with clusters of land uses for commercial development, residential and housing, community facilities and education
Nurturing the growth of independent food, beverage and retail in the area
Potential for landmark, taller buildings and major leisure destinations to be developed
Innovate ways of protecting the area from flood risks including channelling and urban forests
For media enquiries please contact:
Leeds City Council press office,
Leeds City Council Press Office - for media enquiries only
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Knife crime awareness event for youngsters to take place next week
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https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/05/national-monument-bears-ears-artifacts-controversy.html
Incredible Pictures of 27 National Monuments Under Threat
The public is invited to comment as Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke tours monuments Utah politicians want abolished or shrunk.
By Laura Parker
Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke is touring a pair of controversial national monuments in Utah on horseback this week at the behest of President Trump, who is reconsidering their merits. Zinke's four-day visit will take in Bears Ears and Grand Staircase-Escalante in southern Utah, the main targets in a review of 27 large monuments Trump ordered last month. The president assigned Zinke to examine whether his predecessors over-stepped their authority and made these monuments too large or ignored objections from the public.
The monuments under review are those created since 1996 by Presidents Clinton, Bush, and Obama. All but one are at least 100,000 acres in size. Bears Ears, which totals 1.35 million acres, was created by Obama in the final days of his presidency. The 1.7-million-acre Grand Staircase was designated by Clinton in 1996.
Utah lawmakers have been steamed for more than two decades about the creation of the Grand Staircase, which essentially locked up Utah’s largest coal seam. They want the monument’s size to be reduced so the coal can be mined. They also have been pushing to have Bear Ears revoked since Obama created it.
A public comment period begins May 12. Information about submitting comments online or by mail can be found at the Interior Department’s website here.
The Antiquities Act, passed by Congress and signed into law by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906, gives the president broad authority to set aside federal land for protection as national monuments. No president has ever revoked any monuments named by his predecessors; the question of whether a president can revoke a national monument has never been tested in court. The law does not require presidential consultation with anyone prior to creating a new monument. The Supreme Court dealt with the issue of size when it upheld Roosevelt’s designation of the Grand Canyon National Monument in 1908.
Congress has the authority to abolish monuments outright, but it rarely does largely because of monuments’ popularity with the public. More often, Congress has resized monuments, including Grand Staircase.
In addition to the Utah monuments, two others that have drawn fire are on Trump’s list:
The creation of the 4,913-square-mile Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monuments in the Atlantic Ocean off New England has been challenged in court by five commercial fishing organizations, in part because commercial fishing is now prohibited within the monument’s boundaries. And, the 87,560-acre Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument in Maine, also created by Obama, was added to the list after Gov. Paul LePage complained that there had not been adequate public comment before its designation. It is the only monument under review smaller than 100,000 acres.
Zinke, a Republican and fifth generation Montanan who touts his western heritage, rode horseback to the Interior Department on his first day on the job. A Republican, he served as Montana’s lone congressman before Trump tapped him for Interior and says his voting record reflects a philosophy about public lands that aligns with Roosevelt’s legacy as the conservation president.
Zinke resigned as a delegate to the Republican National Convention last summer because he disagreed with a party platform plank that endorsed the transfer of public lands to the states.
The Interior Department “is the steward of America’s greatest treasures and the manager of one-fifth of our land,” Zinke said in a statement. “Part of being a good steward is being a good neighbor and listening to the American people who we represent.”
He said the review “finally gives voice to local communities and states” and added “there is no pre-determined outcome on any monument.”
Details about the monuments under review are from presidential proclamations published in the Federal Register as well as Interior Department websites for each of the monuments.
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About SAP SE / SAP News Center / Human Resources
The Human Revolution: Cause for Concern or Rally Cry for Purpose?
October 15, 2018 by Steve Hunt
SAP SuccessFactors recently launched a marketing campaign entitled the Human Revolution. On one hand, I’m excited by its emphasis on using human capital management (HCM) technology to transform the world of work. Technology innovations are enabling revolutionary changes in the nature of jobs and how they are performed. On the other hand, we have to understand the historical background when using the word “revolution” to describe these changes.
It is true that jobs, economies, and societies are being radically changed due to the permeation of technology into almost every aspect of our lives. But will this digitalization lead to worker revolutions similar in scope to the ones that happened between 1900 and 1970? And if so, should we be excited or terrified?
The 20th century witnessed several revolutionary changes tied to work. The most well-known are the communist movements in Russia and China. In addition to communist revolutions whose goals were to completely replace established governments, there were many large-scale social movements focused on rethinking the design and economics of work. This includes the International Workers of the World and similar collective labor movements around the globe.
The revolutionary changes made to work in the 20th century were largely a reaction to the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries. Technology developed during the industrial revolution fundamentally altered the nature of work. Complex craft jobs such as tailor, cobbler, or blacksmith were replaced by factory jobs where people performed narrow, specialized tasks. Many of these jobs were designed to take the skill out of work so workers largely became interchangeable. Societies also changed to ensure factories had a steady supply of labor to perform tasks that were frequently highly repetitive, boring, and dangerous. This resulted in economic conditions that forced people to move from sparsely populated rural villages to crowded and often squalid urban settings.
The industrial revolution vastly improved the prosperity and well-being of people on average. But these benefits were not shared equally across all segments of society. Benefits created for the upper half of society often came at a cost of considerable suffering for the lower “working classes.” This led to massive social unrest as workers demanded better treatment from employers. The subsequent workers’ revolutions that followed, along with the fear that these revolutions might spread to other nations, created other benefits such as outlawing the use of child labor, and ensuring workers were given safe work environments, living wages, and the right to take time from work without losing their jobs. But it was not a smooth transition, to say the least.
Are we now facing another era of revolution akin to what we went through 100 years ago? What we know for sure is that technology is once again fundamentally changing the nature of work. Digitalization is dividing the world into two distinct labor markets. Highly skilled jobs that demand constant learning, and low skilled jobs that require little training and that are at constant risk of being automated. Workers performing high skilled jobs are likely to be in-demand and well-paid. Workers performing low skilled jobs are likely to be in surplus and have dismal career prospects. This growing gap between the “haves” and “have nots” is not a good formula for maintaining stable societies. But the nature of this change is also different from 100 years ago. The industrial revolution replaced complex craft jobs with more simplistic jobs focused on performing repetitive tasks. The digital revolution is having the opposite effect. Repetitive jobs are being automated and replaced by jobs that require learning new skills and capabilities. Consequently, job security in the digital economy is not about what you can do. It is about what you can learn to do.
Success in a digitalized world requires constant learning. Every person has the ability to learn, although we may learn at different speeds. But to learn effectively, people need three things: 1) access to knowledge, 2) time to learn, and 3) the right psychological conditions to enable effective learning. Access to knowledge has almost become a non-issue in the digital world. The problem is finding the right information and having time to digest it. This will require equipping employees with better tools to find information and ensuring jobs are structured to provide adequate time to process it.
The third element for effective learning is probably the most challenging. People are most effective at learning when they feel motivated, supported, and safe. Motivation grows as people see a link between what they are doing and things they value as important. This is about giving people a sense of purpose to their work. Feeling supported is about creating communities that encourage and enable learning. People do better when they are part of a group that appreciates and supports their contributions. Safety is about giving people confidence and security that they are cared for as people. It is about creating a community that values and supports the health and well-being of its members.
People can overcome all manner of challenges when they have a clear sense of purpose, feel part of a trusted team, and are secure that the health and well-being of themselves and loved ones will be provided for. How people react to changes depends largely on whether they are motivated, supported, and safe. When these conditions exist people see changes as opportunities for growth. When these things are missing people become disillusioned, depressed, anxious, and fearful. This makes it difficult for them to learn, and as a result change becomes a vicious circle of adversity, anxiety, and failure.
The disruptions caused by digitalization contain the elements needed to start a human revolution. But the 20th century clearly showed that not all revolutions focused around work are good. Whether the next human revolution creates more good than bad will depend on our ability to use technology to ensure people profit from change instead of being crushed by it. This starts by managing people in a way that supports effective learning. Specifically, making sure people get a sense of purpose from their work, feel connected to their colleagues, and feel secure and cared for by organizations and broader society overall.
Welcome to the Human Revolution. We are here to proclaim that the old ways of working no longer work for HR. SAP SuccessFactors helps you bring your organization’s purpose to life and more meaning to people’s work. You can instill intelligence across your HR functions to develop engaged, motivated teams. Together, we’ll create an inspired workforce that improves both performance and profit.
Steve Hunt is senior vice president of Human Capital Management Research for SAP SuccessFactors.
Tags: Human Revolution, SAP SuccessFactors
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You are at:Home»older»Gillespie Serving on Martin Luther King Jr. State Celebration Commission
Gillespie Serving on Martin Luther King Jr. State Celebration Commission
By southeast on January 1, 1990 older
CAPE GIRARDEAU, Mo., Jan. 9, 2004 — Dr. Mel Gillespie, assistant to the president for equity issues at Southeast Missouri State University, has been appointed by Missouri Gov. Bob Holden to serve on the Martin Luther King Jr. State Celebration Commission.
The Commission considers and recommends to individuals and organizations appropriate activities for the recognition and celebration of Martin Luther King Jr. Day in Missouri. He replaces Bernice Coar-Cobb, who resigned.
Gillespie came to Southeast last July from Blacksburg, Va., where he was serving as director of the Office of Equal Opportunity at Virginia Tech University. He has more than 25 years experience in organizational diversity/equity theory and programming, affirmative action and equal employment opportunity work, organizational development, change management, minority/women business contracting, human resource management and staff development.
At Southeast, Gillespie serves on the executive staff and is responsible for providing pro-active, campus-wide leadership, direction and coordination in the areas of diversity and equity issues. He supervises and develops approaches designed to enhance the University community’s appreciation for cultural diversity, its climate of tolerance, respect for the rights of all persons, and its adherence to affirmative action and equal opportunity. He also works to maintain effective and equitable processes for resolution of workplace issues, recommending policies and procedures related to equity and affirmative action and managing the Affirmative Action Program. Gillespie works with members of the President’s Advisory Council for Minority Affairs, coordinates programs to assist the University in cultivating and retaining minority faculty, staff and students; and builds, maintains and reports work force analyses.
Gillespie has experience in a broad range of equity and diversity areas, including employee and human relations, conflict resolution, policy development, diversity programming, equal opportunity, affirmative action practice and administration, and is a certified mediator. Gillespie also is a retired Air Force officer with a broad background of experience including having served as the director of social action and instructor at the Air Force Academy and instructor of minority studies at the Department of Defense Race Relations Institute.
Gillespie received his bachelor’s degree in education from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, his master’s degree in human relations from the University of Oklahoma and his doctoral degree in educational leadership from Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, Fla. He is a member of Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society and the American Association for Affirmative Action.
Syed Saqib Hussain and Family International Student Scholarship Established at Southeast
Children’s Musical Theatre Class Coincides with ‘Hairspray’
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Saturday Night Live Announcer Don Pardo Dies at 96
August 19, 2014 – 11:41 AM – 0 Comments
By Lindsay Lowe Parade @linzlowe
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Announcer Don Pardo on Dec. 11, 1993 (NBC)
Legendary television announcer Don Pardo died Monday at age 96, his family confirmed.
As NBC’s staff announcer for more than 60 years, Pardo voiced the iconic intro for Saturday Night Live for 38 seasons, and fans and cast members alike loved his distinctive booming voice.
“Any SNL actor will tell you: the ultimate moment of your career was hearing Don Pardo say your name,” tweeted comedian Rachel Dratch, who was a cast member from 1999 to 2006. “Each week he represented a dream come true.”
Besides his work on SNL, Pardo announced several NBC game shows throughout this career, including the original version of Jeopardy with Art Fleming, The Price Is Right, Jackpot, and Three On a Match.
Pardo was one of the only two people ever awarded a lifetime contract at NBC (the other was Bob Hope).
Watch two of Pardo’s on-camera appearances on The Price Is Right, including one adorable clip announcing the birth of his daughter:
Pardo began his career at a local radio station in Providence, R.I. in 1938, and began working as an NBC announcer in 1944. He announced NBC TV news programs as well as game shows, and he was the first NBC announcer to report on John F. Kennedy’s assassination.
Listen to his coverage of the JFK story:
Pardo retired in 2004 after 50 years at NBC, but continued to voice the introduction for SNL, sometimes pre-recording the segments from his home in Tucson, Arizona.
He is survived by his three daughters, two sons, five grandchildren, and three great-grandchildren.
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Penthouse Retrospective
by Bonsu Thompson
Before Ice-T went from “Cop Killer” to cop on “Law & Order: SVU” and before Snoop’s “Doggy Fizzle Televizzle,” former N.W.A. rapper Ice Cube was making moves to be the Biggest, Baddest Man in Hollywood.
In 1990 rapper Ice Cube appeared on “Burn Hollywood Burn,” by the controversial rap act Public Enemy. Sixteen years later, Cube (né Oshea Jackson) is more likely to earn from Hollywood than burn it. The 36-year-old Renaissance man is an actor, director, screenwriter, and executive producer whose projects include such cinematic notables as Friday, Barbershop, and Three Kings. Next year he’ll star in the title role in the Welcome Back, Kotter movie. Even after years of music and motion picture success, Cube is just as determined to deliver social commentary as he was back when he was writing classic rap albums like AmeriKKKa’s Most Wanted. Today his delivery is far from “Fuck tha Police.” Cube and his production company, Cubevision, are using projects like his FX reality series, Black. White., and a new album, Laugh Now, Cry Later, to get his message to the masses.
Did the final cut of Black. White. Turn out the way you had envisioned it?
It was hard to have expectations. We knew we had a good setup, bringing two families together and putting them in makeup. And we knew we could set up certain situations, but we didn’t know what was going to happen once they got there — because it’s reality. We didn’t want to tell them to do anything they wouldn’t normally do. I knew the situations were hot, and when I was getting the footage back, it was just getting hotter. Once I saw it cut together, I knew I had something different that could get people talking.
Was Black. White. your idea?
It was [conceived] by John Land graff, who runs FX. He called [pro ducer] R. J. Cutler in and asked if Cubevision could do it. So we brainstormed and I said, “Once I see the makeup test, I’ll let you know if I’m in or out.”
Race is a weighty topic, especially in America. Is there anything bigger?
It’s hard to come up with something that doesn’t make you think about race. I don’t know one black person who doesn’t think about being black every day. Thinking about what this white man’s about to do reminds you you’re black. Thinking about what the po-po [police] are about to do reminds you you’re black. As far as black America, it’s kind of in our chromosomes.
You were addressing racism long before your Hollywood career. Have you encountered racism in Hollywood?
Oh, yeah. You’re gonna face old Hollywood that wants to keep the status quo. You’re gonna face people who don’t want you in the game because you’re not a thespian. You got your own people hating on you in various ways. Like, we’ve been begging to get on Oprah, [but] she won’t put us on. I don’t know if that’s racism, but it feels just as bad. You’re always going to have people who don’t want you there.
Is the final Friday movie, Saturday, ever going to happen?
I don’t know. Another Friday might happen but I don’t think we will ever get to Saturday. I’ve been talking to Chris Tucker and he’s showing some interest. It’s just about having a meeting and making sure that he’s really comfortable and wants to be a part of it.
You just released Laugh Now, Cry Later. What does the title mean?
The album feels like laugh now, cry later when you listen to it, because you’re jammin’ one minute and the next you’re hearing about our situation. That’s one reason. Another is the state of hip-hop. We’re really on a happy rap tip, [but] a lot of things need to be said. It had the perfect balance between fun gangsta records that everybody’s into right now and message records that people aren’t into right now. A lot of us [are] playing and not thinking about the way God’s playing.
Are you a proud or concerned parent of gangsta rap?
I’m more proud than concerned. I would love to have been able to sit down with all these MCs before they came out, but I couldn’t do that. There are some records I like more than others, but I’m proud that the music we started has been dominating for a long time and it’s still popular, still raw.
“It’s hard to come up with something that doesn’t make you think about race. I don’t know one black person who doesn’t think about being black every day.”
Was making this record like an itch you had to scratch?
I got the bug. I love hip-hop, I love to rap [because it gives me] way more freedom than movies ever could. It takes more than 100 people to put a movie together. There is always compromising. With a record, I could go in there — me, my engineer, producer, and nobody else. [When] I’m in there, [I’m] free. I can do what I want, say what I want, do it how I feel it.
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The Ice Cube you grew up with is lashing out in different ways these days. He knows he can do more about the system from within the system and that's where he's doing most of his work.
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Phantasy Management, LLC.
Andreshan Publishing
ENTERTAINMENT MANAGEMENT COMPANY
Meet 6lack
Posted January 8, 2019 January 7, 2019 milli76
By Josh Weiner
Atlanta rapper 6lack finds lyrical inspirations from many similar sources as some of the all-time greats have done. Like Kanye West, he is able to recount a near-death experience in a car crash. Like Eminem and the Notorious B.I.G., he lets his tender feelings for his daughter run freely in his songs. And like OutKast, Ludacris, and many other Atlanta natives, he is clearly a major fan of the Gate City, to the point of naming his most recent album East Atlanta Love Letter.
At a mere 4 years of age, Ricardo Valdez Valentine had already been bitten by the recording bug when he had his first studio session at his parents’ place. It didn’t take him long to turn to hip-hop: he was already battle-rapping in middle school, and decided to venture into music professionally by age 17. “That’s when I zoned in and figured out what’s gonna be my sound, what’s gonna be my message, what’s gonna be me,” Valentine says about his early efforts to form his musical persona.
He gave himself the pseudonym 6lack, a reference to his native Zone 6 of East Atlanta, and scored his first record deal with Flo Rida’s International Music Group in 2011. Sadly, not much came of this initial deal, either creatively or financially– 6lack was unemployed and sleeping at the studio for much of the five years that followed this signing.
His fortunes finally brightened when he joined Interscope Records instead in 2016. He finally made his way into the national press– Rolling Stone cited him as one of the “10 New Artists You Need to Know” that year– and he released his debut album, Free 6lack, as well. The album drew plenty of long-awaited attention to 6lack, particularly for the single “PRBLMS,” which earned the artist his first trip to the Billboard Hot 100, and was critically acclaimed as “an absolute slapper that pulls right at the strings of your heart.”
6lack has explained that he is most in his element when making emotionally-stirring songs of this nature: “Whether it’s the positive side or the negative side of love, I feel like that’s when I have the most to say and that’s when I can do most of my teaching,” he says. Bringing a 700-pound black bear along for the music video didn’t lose him any fans, either.
2018 has been another eventful year in 6lack’s career. September’s East Atlanta Love Letter received favorable reviews– HipHopDX called it “a moody masterpiece that may very well take the artist’s career to new heights”– and the record added strong singles like “Pretty Little Fears” and “Switch” to 6lack’s growing catalogue. The music video for the latter alludes to major life events for 6lack in recent years: his 2016 car accident in Florida (he’s seen lying injured on the highway several times during this clip) and the 2017 birth of his daughter, Syx Rose Valentine, whom he caresses throughout the video and on the EALL album cover.
6lack had previously joined the Weeknd on last year’s Starboy: Legends of the Fall tour as an opening act. This year, he graduated to his first headlining tour, which featured stops in Australia, South Africa and Europe before a string of thirty-plus American dates. The tour concluded with a three-date set Atlanta, indicating that 6lack still has mad love for his fans back home. But both in and out of his native city, “it’s clear that 6LACK has developed that difficult-to-pinpoint quality that forges a connection with listeners.”
As long as he still has the chance to serve them memorable music, he will be satisfied. “I’m not here to be temporary, to be seasonal,” he says. “If I’m here, I want to be great at what I do.”
http://www.eastatlantaloveletter.com/
throwback to the battle dayz lol #barter6 pic.twitter.com/LPle54O16Q
— bear (@6LACK) April 21, 2015
http://www.xxlmag.com/video/2018/07/6lack-switch-video/
https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-6lack-news.27901.html
https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/7573628/6lack-free-debut-album-interview
https://www.stereogum.com/2015641/6lack-east-atlanta-love-letter-review/franchises/the-week-in-pop/
https://hiphopdx.com/reviews/id.3254/title.review-6lacks-east-atlanta-love-letter-is-a-moody-masterpiece
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You are browsing the archive for Texts: Poetry.
The Manuscripts of Emily Dickinson
Adam Green - November 5, 2013 in amherst, Amherst College, collections, Curator's Choice, Digital Copy: No Additional Rights, emily dickinson, manuscripts, poetry, texts, Texts: 19th, Texts: Poetry, Underlying Work: PD Worldwide
Mike Kelly, curator at the Archives and Special Collections of Amherst College, explores highlights from their Emily Dickinson collection, a huge variety of manuscript forms - from concert programmes to chocolate wrappers - which give us a fascinating insight into how the poet worked.
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The Pleasures of Melancholy (1747)
Adam Green - June 4, 2013 in California Digital Library, collections, Digital Copy: No Additional Rights, texts, Texts: 18th, Texts: Fiction, Texts: Poetry, Underlying Work: PD Worldwide
The Pleasures of Melancholy, a poem, Robert Wharton; 1747; Dodsley, London. A pamphlet consisting of a poem by the English poet Thomas Warton, who from 1785 to 1790 was the Poet Laureate of England. Published in 1747, the year he graduated from Oxford, “Pleasures of Melancholy” remains one of Wharton’s best known works, and a preeminent example of the “Graveyard Poets”, a group of pre-Romantic English poets of the 18th century characterised by their gloomy meditations on mortality, skulls and coffins, epitaphs and worms. Housed at: Internet Archive | From: California Digital Library Underlying Work: PD Worldwide | Digital Copy: No Additional Rights Download: PDF | Kindle | EPUB | Torrent HELP TO KEEP US AFLOAT The Public Domain Review is a not-for-profit project and we rely on support from our readers to stay afloat. If you like what we do then please do consider making a donation. We welcome all contributions, big or small - everything helps! Become a Patron Small angel : £3.00 GBP - monthly Medium sized hero : £5.00 GBP - monthly Large emperor : £10.00 GBP - monthly Vast deity : £20.00 GBP - monthly Make a one off Donation SIGN UP TO THE NEWSLETTER [...]
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Conversations with Lord Byron (1824)
Adam Green - May 23, 2013 in byron, California Digital Library, collections, Digital Copy: No Additional Rights, Internet Archive, lord byron, memoirs, texts, Texts: 19th, Texts: Non-fiction, Texts: Poetry, Underlying Work: PD Worldwide
Journal of the conversations of Lord Byron noted during a residence with his lordship at Pisa, in the years 1821 and 1822 by Thomas Medwin; 1824; Henry Colburn, London. On 17th May 1824, a month after Lord Byron died, his memoirs were burnt in the upstairs drawing room of a house on Albemarle Street, London. The manuscript pages of the memoirs had been entrusted by Byron to his literary executor Thomas Moore two years earlier with a mind that one day they would be published. But with Byron dead, Byron’s publisher John Murray, thinking the pages’ supposedly scandalous contents far too damaging to both the reputation and legacy of Byron himself and presumably also to the publisher who would publish them, ripped them up and placed them in the fire. In his book Journal of the conversations of Lord Byron noted during a residence with his lordship at Pisa, in the years 1821 and 1822 by Thomas Medwin, published that same year, the author endeavours to “lessen, if not remedy, the evil” of the burning of Byron’s memoirs. Housed at: Internet Archive | From: California Digital Library Underlying Work: PD Worldwide | Digital Copy: No Additional Rights Download: PDF | [...]
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Texts in Sebald’s The Rings of Saturn
Adam Green - April 23, 2013 in chateaubriand, collections, Diderot, Fitzgerald, Garden of Cyrus, Grimmelshausen, Gustave Flaubert, History, Hydrotophia or Urne Buriall, madame boavry, musaeum clausum, Rubáiyát, sebald, Simplicius Simplicissimus, swinburne, texts, Texts: 19th, Texts: Fiction, Texts: Miscellaneous, Texts: Non-fiction, Texts: Poetry, thomas browne, w.g. sebald
At the time of his death in 2001 at the age of 57, the German writer W.G. Sebald was cited by many critics as a future winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature. It was his book The Rings of Saturn, written in 1995 (translated into English in 1998), which went a long way to securing Sebald’s reputation as a writer pioneering a new kind of literary fiction. The book is exemplary of his strange and unique style: the hybridity of genres, the blurring of fact and fiction, the indistinct black and white photographs, and his meditation on the destructive nature of history, the human lives affected, and the restorative power of art. The book is, on one level, a walking tour through the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, Sebald’s adopted home (he’d taught literature at the UEA there since 1970). The reader moves with the melancholic narrator from town to town, village to village, but in the process – through an astonishing network of associations, tangents, and apparent coincidences – one is led all over the world, into many different times, and many different lives. A ride on a miniature railway at Somerleyton Hall leads to 19th century [...]
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The First New Year (1885)
Adam Green - December 31, 2012 in collections, new year, poetry, texts, Texts: 19th, Texts: Fiction, Texts: Poetry
The First New Year, by George Warwick; 1885; C. T. Bainbridge’s sons, New York. A short little poem meditating on the inevitable end of all things and the power of new beginnings. Little is known about the author George Warwick although he appears to also be the author of this poem on the theme of Christmas in a similar pamphlet series kept by the Library of Congress. The book is housed at the Internet Archive, contributed by the Library of Congress. Sign up to get our free fortnightly newsletter which shall deliver direct to your inbox the latest brand new article and a digest of the most recent collection items. Simply add your details to the form below and click the link you receive via email to confirm your subscription!
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Snowflakes: A chapter from the book of nature (1863)
Adam Green - December 4, 2012 in collections, snow, snowflakes, texts, Texts: 19th, Texts: Non-fiction, Texts: Picturebooks, Texts: Poetry, Texts: Science, winter
Snowflakes: a chapter from the book of nature; 1863; American tract society, Boston. A collection of poems, extracts, anecdotes and reflections on the theme of snow and the snowflake (most often in a religious direction). Interspersed amongst the texts are a series of beautiful plates showing the shapes and structure of the ice-crystal – you can see these also in a post in our Images collection. For some more snowflake related content have a look at Keith C. Heidorn’s article on Wilson Bentley, “The Snowflake Man of Vermont” The book is housed at the Internet Archive, contributed by the California Digital Library. Sign up to get our free fortnightly newsletter which shall deliver direct to your inbox the latest brand new article and a digest of the most recent collection items. Simply add your details to the form below and click the link you receive via email to confirm your subscription!
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The Sonnets of Michelangelo (1904 edition)
Adam Green - November 19, 2012 in collections, michelangelo, poetry, texts, Texts: 19th, Texts: Fiction, Texts: Poetry
The Sonnets of Michaelangelo Buanarotti, now for the first time translated into rhymed English, 2d ed., by John Addington Symonds; 1904; Smith, Elder, & Co., C. Scribner’s Sons in London, New York. Most famous for painting the Sistine Chapel and his sculpture of David, the Italian Renaissance artist Michelangelo was also a prolific poet, in his lifetime penning more than 300 sonnets and madrigals. It is in his poetry that many critics have seen present the clearest evidence of his homosexual leanings. The openly homoerotic nature of the poetry has been a source of discomfort to later generations. Michelangelo’s grandnephew, Michelangelo the Younger, published them in 1623 with the gender of pronouns changed, and it was not until John Addington Symonds translated them into English in 1893 that the original genders were restored – the book featured here is the 2nd edition of this work which features an Introduction by Symonds (see here for the 1st edition). Even in modern times some scholars continue to insist that, despite the restoration of the pronouns, the sonnets represent “an emotionless and elegant re-imagining of Platonic dialogue, whereby erotic poetry was seen as an expression of refined sensibilities”. (Wikipedia) The book is housed [...]
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Illuminated version of Lord Tennyson’s Morte d’Arthur (1912)
Adam Green - October 25, 2012 in collections, king arthur, tennyson, texts, Texts: 20th, Texts: Fairytales, Texts: Fiction, Texts: Picturebooks, Texts: Poetry, thomas malory
Morte d’Arthur, a poem by Alfred Tennyson, written out and illuminated by Alberto Sangorski; 1912; Reproduced by the Graphic Engraving Co. for Chatto & Windus, London. Alfred Lord Tennyson’s Morte d’Arthur, written as early as the spring of 1835, was a retelling of the third, fourth and fifth chapters of the twenty-first book of Malory’s Romance about the legendary King Arthur, Guinevere, Lancelot, and the Knights of the Round Table. Tennyson later would incorporate a much extended and altered version of the poem into his The Idylls of the King, as the last section titled ‘The Passing of Arthur’. The illuminator Alberto Sangorski (1862-1932) was late to the world of calligraphy, at the age of 43 beginning to work for his younger brother Francis in the famous Sangorski and Sutcliffe bookbinding firm. One of his greatest achievements was a unique jewel bound version of Omar Khayyám’s Rubáiyát, now referred to as ‘the Great Omar,’ which never reached the American collector who commissioned it as it was sent across on the ill fated Titanic in 1912. The book is housed at the Internet Archive, donated by the University of Toronto. Hat-tip to Pinterest user Nancy Cooper. Sign up to get our [...]
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An Alphabet of Celebrities (1899)
Adam Green - September 24, 2012 in Alphabet, celebrities, celebrity, non-article, texts, Texts: 19th, Texts: Fiction, Texts: Miscellaneous, Texts: Picturebooks, Texts: Poetry
An Alphabet of Celebrities, by Oliver Herford; 1899; Small & Maynard, Boston. Intricately rhymed and beautifully illustrated alphabet book on the world of late 19th century celebrity. It ends up creating quite wonderfully bizarre a-historical scenarios by throwing names with the same beginning letter all in with each other – for the letter N: “N is for Napoleon, shrouded in gloom,/ With Nero, Narcissus, and Nerdau, to whom/ He’s explaining the manual of arms with a broom.” The book is housed at the Internet Archive, donated by The Library of Congress. Sign up to get our free fortnightly newsletter which shall deliver direct to your inbox the latest brand new article and a digest of the most recent collection items. Simply add your details to the form below and click the link you receive via email to confirm your subscription!
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The Whole Booke of Psalmes collected into Englishe Metre (1584)
Adam Green - May 27, 2012 in bible, non-article, psalms, Religion, songs, texts, Texts: 16th and older, Texts: Non-fiction, Texts: Poetry
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The Whole Booke of Psalmes collected into Englishe metre,
by T. Sternhold, W. Whitingham, J. Hopkins, and others, conferred with the Hebrue, with apt notes to them withall; 1584; John Daye, London.
Thomas Sternhold published his first, short collection of nineteen Certayn Psalmes between mid-1547 and early 1549. In December of 1549, his posthumous Al such psalmes of Dauid as Thomas Sternehold … didde in his life time draw into English Metre was printed, containing thirty-seven psalms by Sternhold and, in a separate section at the end, seven psalms by John Hopkins. This collection was taken to the Continent with Protestant exiles during the reign of Mary Tudor, and editors in Geneva both revised the original texts and gradually added more over several editions. In 1562, the publisher John Day brought together most of the psalm versions from the Genevan editions and many new psalms by John Hopkins, Thomas Norton, and John Markant to make up The Whole Booke of Psalmes, Collected into English Meter. In addition to metrical versions of all 150 psalms, the volume included versified versions of the Apostles’ Creed, the Magnificat, and other biblical passages or Christian texts, as well as several non-scriptural versified prayers and a long section of prose prayers largely drawn from the English Forme of Prayers used in Geneva. Sternhold and Hopkins wrote almost all of their Psalms in the “common” or ballad metre. Their versions were quite widely circulated at the time; copies of the Sternhold and Hopkins psalter were bound with many editions of the Geneva Bible, and their Psalms were used in many churches. The Sternhold and Hopkins psalter was also published with music, much of it borrowed from the French Geneva Psalter. (Wikipedia)
Open Library link
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A Manual of Gesture (1875)
Shin-Bijutsukai - Japanese Design Magazine (1902)
The Practical Magician and Ventriloquist's Guide (1876)
How to Become a Magician (1882)
A Floral Fantasy in an Old English Garden (1899)
The Memoirs of Count Boruwlaski (1820)
Choregraphie (1701)
A Burlesque Translation of Homer (1797)
Geometrical psychology, or, The science of representation (1887)
Aino Folktales (1888)
Welsh Fairytales and Other Stories (1894)
Musaeum Clausum (1684)
An Account of a Fire-Ball, Seen at Hornsey, by William Hirst (1753)
Some Account of a Sheep Having a Monstrous Horn Growing from His Throat (1755)
A Theory of Pure Design: Harmony, Balance, Rhythm (1907)
An Alphabet of History (1905)
The selection of Type is just as important as the selection of words (1939?)
Hand book of the carnival, containing Mardi-Gras, its ancient and modern observance (1874)
Original acrostics on all the states and presidents of the United States, and various other subjects (1861)
James Joyce's Chamber Music (1918 American Edition)
Madame Tussaud's Napoleon Relics, Pictures and Other Curiosities (1901)
Mythical Monsters (1886)
Yuletide Entertainments (1910)
Uriah Jewett and the Sea Serpent of Lake Memphemagog (1917)
The Eccentric Mirror: Reflecting a Faithful and Interesting Delineation of Male and Female Characters, Ancient and Modern (1807)
The attitudes of animals in motion, illustrated with the zoopraxiscope (1882)
The Diary of a Nobody (1919 edition)
Superstitions About Animals (1904)
Across the Zodiac: the Story of a Wrecked Record (1880)
Hydriotaphia/Urn-Burial and The Garden of Cyrus (1658)
Horse Laughs (1891)
Napoleon's Oraculum (1839)
Pirates (1922)
The Last American (1889)
The Danger of Premature Interment (1816)
English As She Is Spoke (1884)
The Adventures of Louis de Rougemont (1899)
The Book of Topiary (1904)
Wonderful Balloon Ascents (1870)
Cat and bird stories from the "Spectator" (1896)
Infant's Cabinet of Birds and Beasts (1820)
Castaway on the Auckland Isles: A Narrative of the Wreck of the "Grafton" (1865)
Letters From A Cat (1879)
Quarles' Emblems (1886)
The Medical Aspects of Death, and the Medical Aspects of the Human Mind (1852)
An account of the late improvements in galvanism (1803)
Armata: a fragment (1817)
<img src="http://publicdomainreview.org/wp-content/plugins/category-grid-view-gallery/includes/timthumb.php?src=http://publicdomainreview.org/2012/05/27/the-whole-booke-of-psalmes-collected-into-englishe-metre-1584/http%3A//publicdomainreview.org/files/2011/08/frenchfairytales.jpg&h=200&w=200&zc=1&q=75%22 alt="Old French Fairytales (1920) " title="Old French Fairytales (1920) "/>
Old French Fairytales (1920)
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Comments Off on The Whole Booke of Psalmes collected into Englishe Metre (1584)
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THE CROW: 25 YEARS of FEAR AND BULLETS with JOHN BERGIN
The Crow has been a cult classic for 25 years, but what many may not know is before the film’s incredible soundtrack featuring Nine Inch Nails, The Cure, Rage Against the Machine, The Jesus and Mary Chain, and Stone Temple Pilots, there was a soundtrack made for the comic book.
ATTILA: Becoming the Villain
Interviews March 20, 2019
Love them or hate them, Attila might be the most polarizing band in metal today. They continue to be an unstoppable force in heavy music, however, and coming out of 2016’s Chaos free of a record label, Fronz and crew have self-released their new album Villain…
CARNAL FORGE: Blastbeats from the Past
In today’s modern metal climate, the melodic death/thrash that emanated from Sweden back in the 90s and mid millennium is looked at quite differently depending on the age of the fan in question. For those who remember, the sound from Gothenburg, Helsingborg, and beyond…
BRICK BY BRICK: Aggression and Angst
Angry, defiant, and aggressive. That’s what you get when you spin New York hardcore/metal hybrid heavyweights Brick by Brick’s sixth album Hive Mentality. Released on February 22 via Upstate Records, the nine pit slamming tunes, including a revamped song featuring The Acacia Strain’s Vincent Bennett and brutal covers…
INCITE: We’ve Been Built for This
Interviews March 5, 2019
Extreme metal band Incite—led by vocalist Richie Cavalera—has had to fight for everything they’ve achieved thus far in its 15 year existence. As the stepson of Max Cavalera of Sepultura and Soulfly fame, nothing’s ever been handed to him.
MISERY INDEX: Truth and Power
Interviews February 26, 2019
The bond that brings and keeps the members of Misery Index together is rooted as much in the music its four members create as in the message purveyed by the band’s lyrics. Heralded since the early 00s as one of the brighter lights shining from the netherworld of America’s death metal/grindcore scene…
ROTTING CHRIST: The Heresy of Heretics
The Greeks may have invented mythology, philosophy, the Olympics, and ridiculously delicious yogurt, but Athens based heroes Rotting Christ are a true Grecian success story. When Sakis Tolis and his younger brother Themis formed the band in 1987, the world was a larger and less connected place, and the isolation facing a politically motivated grindcore band was daunting…
NITA STRAUSS: Controlling Chaos
Interviews February 8, 2019
We spoke to multifaceted shred queen Nita Strauss (Alice Cooper, Iron Maidens) directly after her first solo show and the live debut of Controlled Chaos to talk about guitar technique, The Guitar Collective tour, balancing life on the road with Alice Cooper and her own material, and, of course, all about her new album.
ASTRONOID: Into The Noid
Interviews January 28, 2019
There are few bands as varied in sound and audience as Astronoid. Having spent the better part of the last two years opening for unholy metal champions Ghost and Zeal & Ardor, as well as prog heroes Periphery and Tesseract, the Lowell, Massachusetts quartet is gearing up to hit the road with Between the Buried and Me.
DOYLE WOLFGANG VON FRANKENSTEIN and ALEX “WOLFMAN” STORY: As Wolves
Here’s what happens when you speak to the legendary Doyle Wolfgang Von Frankenstein and Alex “Wolfman” Story, along with a special appearance from Alissa White-Gluz, in a single interview.
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Tag: Jeff Weaver
Bernie Sanders campaign offers Tulsi Gabbard a ticket to the Democratic presidential debate
The nearly-irrelevant Democratic National Committee (DNC) disinvited their own vice-chairwoman, U.S. Rep. Tulsi Gabbard (D-HI), from tomorrow night’s Democratic presidential debate over the fact that she wants more than six Democratic presidential debates:
Representative Tulsi Gabbard of Hawaii, a vice chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee, said she was disinvited from the first Democratic presidential primary debate in Nevada after she appeared on television and called for more face-offs.
Ms. Gabbard confirmed on Sunday that her chief of staff received a message last Tuesday from the chief of staff to Representative Debbie Wasserman Schultz, the chairwoman of the national committee, about her attendance at the debate. A day earlier, Ms. Gabbard had appeared on MSNBC and said there should be an increase beyond the current six sanctioned debates.
A person close to the committee who asked for anonymity to discuss internal discussions insisted, however, that Ms. Gabbard had not been disinvited. Instead, the person said, an aide to Ms. Wasserman Schultz expressed a desire to keep the focus on the candidates as the debate approached, rather than on a “distraction” that could divide the party, and suggested that if Ms. Gabbard could not do that, she should reconsider going.
The fact that Debbie Wasserman Schultz thinks that calling for more debates is a “distraction” proves that she is clearly out of touch with what most people in her party strongly believe…six presidential debates is simply not enough for the Democrats. Even worse, Wasserman Schultz is throwing her own party’s officials under the bus in a desperate attempt to remain at least somewhat politically relevant in this country.
Thankfully, Jeff Weaver, the campaign manager for Bernie Sanders’s bid for the Democratic presidential nomination, has a very interesting idea to get Gabbard in a spectator’s seat the debate:
Rep. Tulsi Gabbard (D-Hawaii), the Democratic National Committee vice chair who said she was disinvited to the first Democratic debate, might wind up attending the Tuesday night event as a guest of the Bernie Sanders campaign.
Sanders’s campaign manager, Jeff Weaver, said Monday on CNN’s “New Day” that Gabbard could use a ticket from the Vermont senator’s campaign.
“If she needs a ticket, have her give me a call,” Weaver said, adding, “I think we have a couple; we can give her one.”
Debbie Wasserman Schultz’s alienating allies and mismanagement of the DNC reminds me a lot of the mismanagement of the failed professional wresting promotion WCW circa 2000. In fact, near the end of WCW’s existence, some of WCW’s own wrestlers, most notably Scott Steiner (real name: Scott Rechsteiner), were publicly calling out WCW management for running the promotion in the ground:
Wasserman Schultz is trying to run the DNC like a bad professional wrestling promotion. That is most certainly not the way to run a political party, as the party risks losing voters, perhaps permanently, if Wasserman Schultz continues with her autocratic style of managing the Democratic Party.
I’ve found exactly one person who is defending Wasserman Schultz online, and this person, who is a member of the progressive website DailyKos, is using racist language to attack Bernie Sanders and his supporters:
The only people who have a problem with Wasserman-Schultz are Sanders supporters, and he’s not even a Democrat. Why would the Democrats get rid of a Democratic Party chairwoman because of the wishes of a non-Democrat and his all-white, all-upper-middle-class supporters? Wasserman-Schultz is the chairwoman of the entire party, and that includes African-Americans and Hispanics who by vast majorities support Hillary. We can’t cater to the white upper-middle-class here just because they yell louder and post more frequently on online blogs.
When Debbie Wasserman Schultz’s own supporters are race-baiting and spreading blatant lies about Bernie Sanders and his campaign (for starters, Bernie Sanders has many black, Hispanic, and poor supporters, and Sanders is a Democrat by virtue of his membership in the Senate Democratic caucus), it’s time for her to step down from the DNC chair.
Monday, October 12, 2015 Monday, October 12, 2015
ailenating allies
call for more debates
Democratic National Committee
Democratic presidential nomination
disinvite
DNC Vice-Chair
DNC Vice-Chairwoman
kicked out
more debates
online comment
vice-chair
vice-chairperson
vice-chairwoman
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Police Officer Jeffrey Manning Phegley | Village of Morrow Police Department
Police Officer Jeffrey Manning Phegley
July 1986 to January 21, 1987
THE OFFICER
Jeff was born in Belleville, Illinois and his family moved to Colerain Township when he was 4-years-old. He graduated from Colerain High School in 1983. Beginning while attending high school, he was active in the American Red Cross, a volunteer at Providence Hospital, and a singer in the Southern Gateway Chorus. He was also active in the Hamilton County Sheriff’s Office Police Cadet Program. After graduation, Jeff volunteered for the Republican Party and attended the 1980 Reagan Bush Inaugural Ball. He also worked as an intern for Congressman Michael Oxley.
His first desire was law enforcement and after graduating from the Norwood Police Academy in 1986, he joined the Village of Addyston Police Department. He later joined the Morrow Police Department. He was so well liked, that he had dinner Christmas Day 1986 at Mayor Forrest Erwin’s home. He also came to love the town and was considering purchasing a home there.
On January 21, 1987, Police Officer Phegley traded shifts to work for Police Chief Dick Kilburn, who had to travel to Columbus. This would also give him an opportunity to visit his hospitalized 89-year-old grandmother after work. He was patrolling the village about 2 p.m. when he noticed a 1977 Monte Carlo traveling 48 miles per hour in a 25-miles-per-hour zone.
THE ASSASSIN
Anthony Wayne McIntosh had far fewer accomplishments and ambitions in his 22 years of life. In his own words during a 2000 interview he said that had been a wayward, long-haired tough guy who grew up in Morrow and South Lebanon, dropped out of Little Miami High School as a sophomore, had little family direction, and took up drinking, drugs, and petty crime. By mid-January 1987 his life had sunk to such an evil level that he purchased a sawed-off shotgun and boasted to acquaintances that, “the next time a cop stops me, I’m going to make it worth his while.” The caliber of his acquaintances being what it was, none notified law enforcement.
On January 21, 1987 McIntosh had already consumed eight or nine beers and was driving his 1977 Chevrolet Monte Carlo almost twice the speed limit through the Village of Morrow.
Officer Phegley stopped McIntosh just outside of Morrow on Morrow-Rossburg Road. He clicked on the microcassette recorder in his pocket and walked up to speak with the violator. As he did, he smelled the odor of an alcoholic beverage and advised McIntosh that he was under arrest for driving under the influence of alcohol.
McIntosh, six times, refused Officer Phegley’s orders to put his hands on the car and there was a physical altercation. McIntosh punched Officer Phegley in the jaw, knocking him to the ground. He then retrieved the shotgun from underneath his front seat. Officer Phegley yelled “Hold it!” Four seconds later 158 pellets slammed into Officer Phegley’s chest; two of which tore through his heart and one of which destroyed the tape recorder.
Though mortally wounded, Officer Phegley returned four shots from his .38 caliber revolver. All four struck the car and three penetrated the steel. One continued through the driver’s side headrest and struck McIntosh in the shoulder. He then broadcasted by radio, “Send a backup unit. I am shot!” and gave the dispatcher the license number of the vehicle.
Warren County deputies arrived minutes later, but Officer Phegley was already deceased. His body was removed to the Hamilton County Morgue.
Officer Phegley is the only Morrow police officer to have been killed in the line of duty and was the first in Warren County in 50 years.
He was survived by his parents, Joseph and Barbara Phegley; brother, Kevin Phegley; and grandparents, Dennis Phegley and Gertrude Johnson of Belleville, Illinois. Visitation was held on Friday evening, January 24, 1987 at Hodapp Funeral Home in College Hill. A Mass of Christian Burial was celebrated at 9:30 a.m. on Saturday, January 24, 1987 at St. Ignatius Church in Monfort Heights. He was buried in the Garden of Faith, Lot 120D, Space 4 of Lakeview Memorial Gardens in Belleville.
At the scene, officers found Officer Phegley’s citation book where he had already written McIntosh’s name and some identifying information.
McIntosh secreted the shotgun in a creek bed and then ditched the vehicle at a service station on Ohio 28 in Goshen, about 10 miles south of Morrow. Police found it shortly after the shooting.
Officers from several agencies, including sheriff’s offices, Ohio State Patrol, and the Cincinnati Office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation searched the area in and around Morrow and eventually all of Warren and Clermont Counties. At one point, even a highway in Northern Kentucky was closed after a supposed sighting.
About 4:15 p.m., less than two hours after the Murder, McIntosh arrived on foot at Henry McCabe’s home in Maineville. Henry, his friend, wasn’t home, but his parents, Patricia and Michael McCabe and brother Steven McCabe were home. McIntosh sat at the kitchen table and described how his car had broken down and that he needed a ride to his mother’s home in South Lebanon. Michael agreed to take him. Mrs. McCabe had a police scanner and it was turned on, so she knew they were looking for McIntosh. She went up the stairs to the second floor and called for the police, but when that was broadcast, McIntosh heard it on the scanner and ran out the door. The search zeroed in on Mainville and South Lebanon.
Late that same night, they found McIntosh hiding in a car being driven by his mother. They arrested him without further incident.
By the next day, Mrs. McCabe was advocating for McIntosh. Then, at his arraignment, his sister, Karen Schuster, posed the story that another man was with McIntosh and that it was he who did the shooting.
On January 29, 1987, a Warren County Grand Jury indicted McIntosh for Aggravated Murder with Police Officer specification (which carried a Death Penalty possibility) and Escape.
The trial began on July 29, 1987. Warren County Prosecutor Tim Oliver prosecuted the case. Lebanon lawyer, Mark Florence, and Springboro lawyer, John D. Smith, defended McIntosh. The defense was that Officer Phegley was bullying him, that Officer Phegley shot him, and that he fired on Officer Phegley in self-defense.
The evidence and Officer Phegley’s tape recording proved that to be a lie. The recorded tape was spliced back together and the entire encounter, up to the shotgun blast, was recorded. Phegley clearly yelled, “Hold it!” and four second later the shotgun destroys the recorder. Witnesses agreed that they heard the loud shotgun blast, then the reports of the .38 caliber revolver which to them sounded like firecrackers. Warren County Sheriff’s Deputy Ed Petrey testified that he accompanied McIntosh to the hospital where, when the doctor inquired as to how he got the wound, McIntosh stated, “When the cop was shooting back at me.”
Still, only eleven jurors voted to convict him of Aggravated Murder with the Death Penalty option. The one caused the jury to return a verdict of Guilty of Murder. On August 17, 1987, he was sentenced to fifteen years to life, plus three years for a gun specification.
He was sent to prison in the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville, where he was involved in several fights and, in 1994, transferred to the North Central Correctional Complex.
Ohio Parole authorities scheduled a parole hearing for McIntosh already in 2000. During an interview with The Enquirer regarding a question about the possibility that he may be denied parole, he replied, “that’s okay with me, because I understand that there are things that people expect, and what they want, and they are vindictive. That’s not going to bring Jeff back. It’s just destroying another life. Barb and Joe Phegley need to move on with their lives and put the killing of their son behind them.” His parole was denied.
Parole was also denied in 2006 and 2010. McIntosh’s brother, Troy, who advised that he gets his information directly from McIntosh, wrote in 2013, “I know what happened. He (Officer Phegley) was shot at point blank in the chest. [That’s] not possible if the officer is unloading on your back as you’re running away. It’s just BS. He’s done his time. The parole board is corrupt.”
McIntosh is currently incarcerated at the Madison Correctional Institute and has another hearing scheduled for 2019.
If you have information, artifacts, archives, or images of this officer or incident, please contact the Greater Cincinnati Police Museum at memorial@police-museum.org.
© This narrative was researched and revised on May 18, 2017 by Cincinnati Police Lieutenant Stephen R. Kramer (Retired), Greater Cincinnati Police Museum Director, with research conducted by Cincinnati Police Homicide Detective Edward W. Zieverink III, Greater Cincinnati Police Museum Historian, and anecdotal recollections of Gary Griffith, Officer Phegley’s life-long friend, and Troy McIntosh, the assassin’s brother. All rights are reserved to the Greater Cincinnati Police Historical Society.
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What Is RP?
About RPASF
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Give to RPASF
Aseptic Meningitis in Relapsing Polychondritis: A Case Report & Literature Review
April 20, 2017 MattRPASF News
Aseptic meningitis is an extremely rare neurologic complication of relapsing polychondritis (RP). We reported a case of a 58-year-old Chinese female with intractable headache, puffy ears, pleocytosis, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing thickened and enhanced meninges. She was finally diagnosed of aseptic meningitis due to RP after full exclusion of infectious causes. She gradually developed neurosensory hearing loss, vertigo, and saddle nose while glucocortico steroid therapy and combined cyclophosphamide could not control her headache. Ultimately, cyclosporin A was tried showing a good response. Only 18 previous cases were found in the literature and the clinical manifestation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics, imaging features, and therapy considerations of RP-related aseptic meningitis were summarized by reviewing the literature. Aseptic meningitis due to RP is a rare condition of undetermined pathoetiology. Its diagnosis is primarily based on clinical manifestations combined with CSF and MRI examinations plus adequate exclusion of possible infections. Corticosteroid is the basic therapy but choice of protocol should be individualized.
Awareness-Raising on Steroids: Rheumatologists and Researchers in Illinois Help Make a One-in-a-Million Disease, Relapsing Polychondritis, the State’s Top Google Search
Primary Care Physicians Now Have Resources to Diagnose a Rare Autoimmune Disease: Relapsing Polychondritis
Flying the Checkered Flag for Autoimmune Disease Awareness, Kyle Marcelli Races to Mid-Ohio after Back-to-Back Victories in 2018
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Your ticket for the: Aseptic Meningitis in Relapsing Polychondritis: A Case Report & Literature Review
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The fragility of life
Posted on March 16, 2012 by A confused man
As I opened the newspaper today, the following headline grabbed my attention
Baby Falak leaves for a better world
Five surgeries and 56 days after she was admitted to hospital, two-year-old Falak suffered a third heart attack at 9.40pm on Thursday. All efforts by the doctors to revive her failed — and Falak left the brutal world she had briefly inhabited for, hopefully, a better one.
It was a tragedy that sickened and shocked a nation and had millions offering prayers. On January 18, the little girl was admitted to the AIIMS trauma centre with severe head injuries, both arms broken and human bite marks all over her body. The same day, she suffered a heart attack, followed by another on January 21. But she clung on tenaciously, to a life that had offered her nothing but pain and trauma.
Public outrage at her plight spurred investigations that uncovered a sordid tale of exploitation and callousness, and led to the arrest of 13 people accused of human trafficking. Police finally tracked down her biological mother, Munni — herself a victim of circumstances — in Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan. Munni, who had been separated from her three children, was reunited with them, but the happiness proved short-lived.
Falak was in the news for a while when “this story broke” but just disappeared to be one of the stories that was just not ‘breaking news’ after a point. Other stories came and went and we heard of Falak again today when she was no more. Not just as a parent but as a human being it makes me wonder and a little sick at how callously we treat the value of human life here. Till the time she made news, Falak was all over the press, who would compete to provide the sordid details of her tragedy to have that bit of an edge over the reporters. When something more newsworthy came along, she was forgotten and we just went ahead with our lives—– Me included.
What does that really say about me as a human being? Am I so engrossed in my own personal life and immediate surroundings that I really don’t see anything beyond it? A child lost her life in the most heinous circumstances and I really did nothing!!!! What’s more, will I even feel this way after a few days when the initial disgust has worn away? Am I so numb to the suffering of those who do not affect me that I really don’t care? How close does it really need to be for me to really care????
But the day was just getting started. I just got back into town to hear to the passing away of a young boy (well a very nice man really) who was family and my daughter’s godfather. In his late twenties and one of the most decent people I ever met. And POOF just like that he was gone. I had not really been in contact with him for a while but it never occurred to me that I would never see him again. I could only imagine what his parents and family were going through. It’s not easy to deal with the loss of a loved one and I can only shudder how it must be to deal with the loss of a child. Someone you have seen born and grow in front of you. You nurture them, watch them blossom with the love and grow into beautiful human beings only to be lost forever – leaving you with memories and all the things you would have wanted to say and do before they went. Always putting things away to deal with later and the appropriate time…. So when is the appropriate time?
These two incidents made me think of all the people who I have lost over the years and it all came racing back……my doting grandparents, my uncles and aunts, the classmate who I competed with to be the top of the class, secretly hating her guts because I thought she was better than me yet going onto become good friends when we moved to another city to study. I remember feeling the emptiness when one day she was gone… just like that…..just 19 years old. I remember being upset, numb and yet accepting it as a part of life and, dare I say, even forgetting about it when I got caught up in my own life…..
The other buddy who I lost – in his mid-twenties, just married and starting a new life and POOF, gone again – Just like that. It came back all over again, the good times and just how we grew up together…..
I often hear that time heals everything…. well atleast most of it…..But is that really the case? Or is it just that with time we learn to put these thoughts and feelings into the deep recesses of our heart, never to access them again and it is only when we are forced, through incidents such as this, that we have to open our hearts and remember it all over again…. The fragility of life……So has time really healed anything for us or are we just better at putting it away in a part we never want to remember and hope that we will never have to.
As I look at what I am writing there is really no connect between the two losses – in one, I am saddened at my own insensitivity to the loss of a child’s life. Could I have done anything to help that baby? Maybe not, but the more important question, really is that whether I even consider it? It did not directly affect me so why would I? Is this what I am becoming? Are there more such people like me and is this how we are as a society?????
The second loss is closer to home and has just opened pandora’s box of all the feelings that I have bottled away for so many years. It has also made me accept that I will not have all the people that I love, in my life forever. I have to accept that sometime I will be alone or will lose the ones closest to me. But can I not push that into the deep recess till I actually have to face that in person.
I read somewhere recently that “Every night we go to bed without any assurance of being alive the next morning. But still we set the alarm to wake up. that’s called HOPE”.
Is it really hope or am I just caught up in the routine of life that it never occurs to me what a gift it is to be alive and have all the love surround me….
When you arise in the morning, think of what a precious privilege it is to be alive. To breathe, to think, to enjoy, to love.
~Marcus Aurelius
But can I really do it? Or will it also just pass and get lost in the routine of life only to be jolted back with another loss I want to avoid…….
Filed under Realization and tagged life, realization, suffering and loss | Leave a comment
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