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__label__cc	0.526078	0.473922	HANSARD 1803–2005 → 1960s → 1967 → December 1967 → 4 December 1967 → Lords Sitting CONSUMER PROTECTION BILL [H.L.] HL Deb 04 December 1967 vol 287 cc396-423 396 § 4.13 p.m. § Committee stage resumed. LORD HAWKE My noble friend's amended clause, Amendment 32, is obviously much better than the original, but to my mind it has one fatal drawback in that it will make a great number of sales impossible. That is why I call this new clause the "spoilsport" clause. The noble Baroness, Lady Burton of Coventry, is correct when she says that there are many genuine sales, particularly of women's wear which goes out of fashion and has to be got rid of. But when one comes to men's wear, and so on, the vast bulk of the goods in sales has been specially bought and specially manufactured to sell at a particular price in that sale. The reason why the goods go like "hot cakes" is because a—shall we say?—fictitious previous price is put on them. They are perfectly good value for the money paid for them, but the consumer flocks into the shop and scrambles to buy them because he thinks they have been marked down. I am inclined to think that that sort of sale will become impossible under a clause of this nature, and with it the standby orders for the mills which presumably make this sort of stuff in between fulfilling their more important orders. For that reason, I do not like this new clause. § LORD DRUMALBYN I am grateful to the noble Lord, Lord Winter-bottom, for what he has said about this Amendment, but there were one or two points which he did not specifically answer. May I put them to him again? Can he tell us whether Clause 7 is intended to apply to price? Clause 7 says: Where it appears to the Board of Trade … that any expressions used in relation to the goods should be understood as having definite meanings, the Board may assign such meanings … and orders can be made to that effect. I was asking whether, as drafted, what is said about price is an expression in relation to the goods—it would certainly seem that in ordinary use of language it may be, although in strict drafting it may not be. If it is not intended to cover price, perhaps the noble Lord would 397 have a look at this point, as it may prove to be a more convenient way of dealing with some matters of price. My Amendment excluded subsection (2) of the present clause as drafted. I did this for two reasons. First, because I felt that this was a very small matter to put in conjunction with the whole difficult question of comparative prices and that comparative prices were sufficiently important to have a clause to themselves; and secondly, that I thought this was a matter which again could perhaps be conveniently dealt with in Clause 7. For example, presumably one of the things it is intended to cover is the practice of some barrowboys of put-, ting "½" in small letters and "lb." in big letters, which is obviously likely to be taken as an indication that the goods are being offered at a price less than that at which they are in fact being offered. But I realise that this also affects credit terms, and so on. Part of the object of this re-draft was to enable the question of comparative prices to be dealt with by themselves in one clause. I do not share my noble friend's views on the "spoilsport" nature of this new clause. All it is intended to do is to prevent the consumer being misled by false statements. Surely that is a desirable object. There is nothing to prevent stores carrying out these sales, and many of them do. In fact, the Retail Standards Association lays down rules for this. When they offer "seconds" specially for sale, they have to be described as such, although you are at liberty to mark also what the goods in their perfect state would cost, so long as you say that they are not in their perfect state and make a comparison on that basis. I am not talking about "seconds", but orders which have been put with the mills for goods, specially made, of good value to sell at a special retail price. § LORD MITCHISON Before this Amendment is withdrawn, may I ask one question? I understood that my noble friend was interrupting me, and perhaps I may complete the point. I quite see the noble Lord's point. The only question is whether they ought to be allowed to make a comparison with a perfectly fictitious price. As 398 he rightly said, the goods are made to be sold at a certain price, and it seems wrong that it should be implied that they have been sold or were being sold elsewhere at another price, if that is not so. May I ask a question, both of the noble Lord opposite and also of the Government? I may have missed something in the course of the discussion, but why does this Amendment omit any reference to a recommended price? I should have thought that this was a question of fact. There is no great difficulty in finding out what is a recommended price, so perhaps a definition would be useful. The short answer to the noble Lord's question is that this was the subject of a discussion on the first Amendment on the Order Paper, to leave out line 30. § LORD GRIMSTON OF WESTBURY May I revert again to the point which my noble friend raised, because I am not quite happy about it? I think none of us is naïve enough to deny that for the summer and winter sales a great many of the goods are specially manufactured. The sales attract people, because they are supposed to be sales of some goods which were on sale earlier at a higher price. However, I have often heard it said, "We are going to the sales, but of course we know that half the stuff there has been specially manufactured for the sales." But the sales have their point. They keep the mills occupied at periods when otherwise they might not be fully occupied. There does not seem to be any harm so far as the public are concerned. Is it the intention of the Government that that sort of thing should definitely be stopped? § BARONESS BURTON OF COVENTRY May I say that I find the attitude of the two noble Lords opposite quite incredible? They are condoning, and indeed supporting, a dishonest trade description. They are saying, in effect, that customers who go into shops and see perhaps "£6" crossed out and "£3" pet in are going to be deprived of something very valuable to them if that sort of labelling is not to be allowed to continue. I do not know whether the male sex is much weaker than the female sex, but listening to the noble Lord, Lord Hawke, one would imagine that this is 399 the case, because we have heard about this practice being particularly valuable in men's wear and that the men are going to miss it if it does not continue. What I find quite amazing is the argument that the mills which produce this type of merchandise are going to be deprived of their work if they are not allowed to make it. But, as I understand it, nobody is suggesting that they should not be allowed to make it. We are merely putting forward—at least, I think the noble Lord, Lord Drumalbyn, is patting forward when he is not interrupted so frequently—the proposal that goods shall be sold at a correct price. I really cannot see any argument, and I do not imagine any noble Lord in this House can see any argument, for a contention that the only way, and the best way, to sell goods is to mark them at a higher price, to cross it out and then to put on a lower price; and I hope that the Minister, when he comes to reply, will refute any such suggestion. Before my noble friend replies, may I explain that though, no doubt, the question of leaving out a recommended price is being discussed, it is left out by this Amendment, and I can find no change in the Bill which has made it unnecessary. It seems to me quite wrong that it should be left out, and if this Amendment were to go to the vote, apart from any other consideration, I should vote against it on the ground that it did omit this. Having said that in fairly cordial support of the Government, I should like them to put in a definition. I think it is needed. I do not think "recommended price" would always be as clear as that. There may be a definition in the Bill, but I cannot see it. § THE MINISTER OF STATE, BOARD OF TRADE (LORD BROWN) I rose to deal with this matter, because it seemed to me that the time had come when it was necessary for me, on behalf of the Board of Trade, to make some sort of general statement of policy, for we are virtually debating the whole of the clause on the Amendments so far taken. The noble Lord, Lord Grimston of Westbury, has asked whether it is our intention to introduce the sort of legislation which would result in sales being stopped, and the answer 400 is, "No, of course not". I do not necessarily see why sales with the dishonest connotation that many of them have at the moment should go on in the same form as now, but there is no reason why a sale should not be perfectly honest if goods are brought in at a lower price for that purpose, without being dishonest about it. The noble Lord, Lord Drumalbyn, asked specifically whether Clause 7 was making any reference to price That is not the intention of the Government. I hope the clause is already clear on that point. If it is not, we shall have to look at it again. The noble Lord, Lord Hawke, referred with dismay to the prospect of mills being short of orders at a vital time, owing to the abolition of sales. As I have said, there is no need to abolish this special period of the year when goods are sold at lower prices than at others, merely because we are having a debate about dishonest practices on pricing. The noble Lord, Lord Mitchison, drew attention to the omission of "recommended price". I think it is clear, and I am so informed, that the whole absoluteness of recommended prices is rapidly disappearing. A few years ago it might well have been something to which one could attach oneself for comparative purposes. It is rapidly becoming something that has less and less meaning as time goes by, and it would be difficult for the Government to use this term in a particularly meaningful way, although it is in the Bill at the moment. Before my noble friend leaves that point, may I ask why it is in the Bill? § LORD BROWN Perhaps I can answer that by coming to this point now. The debate that has taken place on this clause so far has been extremely useful. It has drawn attention to the fact that there are great difficulties. I think it would be true, in general, to say that in our discussions about this clause we are arguing not about aims but largely about means, and "means" means drafting. We really are faced with very peculiar difficulties in relation to this matter, and the use of the term "recommended" in the clause is just one of the difficulties. There are various possibilities open. We can leave the Bill somewhat in its 401 present form, probably improved a little as a result of discussion, but still leaving us in a situation where, when we come to consider price comparisons made by retailers with other prices, we shall find that many of the provisions are unenforceable. We have to recognise that the difficulty which we have in enforcing is also a difficulty for the retailer, because the man who says, "My prices are cheaper than others" is really saying something that he would have great difficulty in finding out, if he wanted to do so. So the general proposition which I put to the Committee is that, if this Amendment and, I hope, others which follow on this clause are withdrawn, we will look at the matter very seriously indeed to see what can be done. I do not want to commit the Government more than that at this stage, because we are in for a very difficult time in considering what to do about this whole issue; but we shall take full account of all that has been said in this debate. I do not wish to delay the Committee for very long, but the word "dishonest" has been bandied about. A shop which normally sells socks for 5s. a pair may have a sale at Christmas-time, or in the summer, where they are disposing of a lot of other things which have been in the shop at lower prices, and decide, "We have a lot of people in the shop. We can get rid of a lot of these 5s. socks if we sell them at 4s. 10d. or 4s. 6d." How would they have to label those socks which were being sold at a lower price during the sale, and which had been manufactured specially for the sale, but which would normally have sold at a higher price? I do not know whether I have made myself clear. They would say, "Our price for the socks was 5s. We have now reduced it to 4s. 10d." That would still be all right? It would be perfectly legal. There would be nothing at all illegal about it. Although the goods would have been specially manufactured for the sale? I am sorry, but I misunderstood the noble Lord. I thought 402 he was referring to socks which they had had in the shop and were selling at 5s. Would he please make his meaning clear, because I have misunderstood him? Let me put it this way. They normally sell the socks at 5s., but they put in a very much bigger order for the socks during the time of the sale and sell them at a lower price. Are they virtually identical goods? Yes, the same. Then the answer which I am given stands in that case. If they are identical goods, they may say, "These goods were sold at 5s. and we are now selling them at 4s. 6d." It is a perfectly honest, straightforward description, and there is everything to be recommended in it. § LORD FORSTER OF HARRABY It is a common practice for traders to buy up bankrupt stock and to put it in their sales. How would a trader describe such bankrupt stock when he is reselling? There is no necessity at all, in my view, for him to make any reference to a price comparison. He has bought up some goods at a very cheap price. He puts them on sale at a low p-ice, and says, "Here are these goods on sale at a low price. We think you will find the price rather lower." He can put in something like that, but he does not have to put in a comparison, and he cannot do it honestly, in any case. § LORD STRABOLGI May I suggest, with great respect to the Committee, that as the Government have said that they me going to reconsider this whole clause with a view to redrafting it, and that they will consult with all interested parties before the Bill goes to another place, we should really not deal with these Amendments in any great detail but pass on to the next clause? Because it would appear to me that many of these discussions which we are having, interesting as they are, are mainly academic. I am not so sure that I agree entirely with the noble Lord, Lord Strabolgi. It seems to me that the question raised by my noble 403 friend behind me was a severely practical one; and, if I may say so, I think the noble Lord, Lord Brown, gave the wrong answer, because it would be perfectly possible for the person selling the goods to find out what the goods were being sold at (if they were being sold, as presumably they were) elsewhere, and it would be perfectly lawful under this Bill as drafted for him to say what they were being sold at elsewhere. One could get into great intricacies, but perhaps the noble Lord has unwittingly misled my noble friend about the possibilities open to the seller in those circumstances. I think there would be possibilities. On the more general point, I think the sense of the Committee is that we have discussed this very difficult clause enough. I hope that the discussion has been helpful to the Government, and I beg leave to withdraw the Amendment. § BARONESS ELLIOT OF HARWOOD had given Notice of her intention to move to leave out Clause 11 and insert a new clause. § THE DEPUTY CHAIRMAN OF COMMITTEES (BARONESS WOOTTON OF ABINGER) I understand that the noble Baroness, Lady Elliot of Harwood, wishes to move her Amendment in a slightly different form from that which appears on the Paper. In lines 3 and 4 of her Amendment she wishes to leave out the words, whether by reason of ambiguity, omission, inference or otherwise". I hesitate to talk any more about Clause 11, since the remarks made by Lord Strabolgi; and I quite appreciate that we have had a very long discussion. I was waiting, in fact, because the form in which my Amendment in respect of Clause 11 is drafted—and the noble Lord who has just left the Chamber encouraged us to help the Government with different kinds of drafting—is slightly different from that of my noble friend Lord Drumalbyn. However, I am in the hands of the Committee. If your Lordships feel that you would like to go on to the next Amendment, I should be happy to let my remarks go to the Board 404 of Trade via the Minister; that is, such contribution as the Consumer Council—I am speaking for the Consumer Council on this matter—can make to the redrafting of this clause. I should be happy to let the Minister have that, provided I can be assured that the views that I represent in this debate are known to and considered by the Board of Trade. I beg to move. § Amendment moved— § Leave out Clause 11 and insert the following new clause: § (".—(1) It shall be an offence for any person supplying goods of any description to give, by whatever means, any indication or anything likely to be taken as an indication to the effect that the price at which the goods are offered is less than another price, unless the same or comparable goods (i) are being sold at the other price or (ii) have been sold at the other price for a substantial period within the preceding six months or (iii) have been sold by him at the other price in substantial quantities in relation to the total volume of such goods which are or have been offered. § (2) Where it is proved by any person that an article supplied by him is unique or custom-built, the provisions in the preceding subsection shall not apply. § (3) For the purposes of this section a person advertising goods as available for supply shall be taken as offering to supply them.")—(Baroness Elliot of Harwood.) § LORD WINTERBOTTOM The noble Baroness is being extremely helpful. I gather that she is speaking at the moment not so much in her own capacity but as a member of the Consumer Council, and that this attempt to improve Clause 11 is in line with the thinking of the Consumer Council. The noble Baroness may remember that earlier on I said that the Government were only too willing to enter into discussions with the noble Lord, Lord Drumalbyn, or with any other noble Lord or organisation which could help us in improving this particular clause. I am certain that the Consumer Council has an important role to play in this process of improvement. I am certain I can commit my right honourable friend and the Board of Trade to discussions with the Consumer Council in the course of our attempt to improve Clause 11. I can make that commitment now. I thank the noble Lord very much indeed. In those circumstances, I will spare the Committee my speech and the points I was going to make, and will make them to the Board of Trade instead. But I should like to say just one word on the general subject of sales. I am afraid I do not hold the same views as my noble friend Lord Hawke. I do not think that the speeches which have been made from this side on the subject are indeed correct. What we are seeking to do in Clause 11 is to protect the buyer from being cheated or tricked in any way by false prices. I think that what the noble Baroness, Lady Burton of Coventry, said is entirely correct; and I hope that, in the drafting of this clause, any idea that we are acting as a sort of spoil-sport, or whatever you like to call it, to shoppers is quite erroneous. This is not the fact at all. This clause is to encourage honest trading and to do what we can to help the consumer. The remarks I was going to make are of a technical and legal nature, and I should like to be sure that the arguments of the Consumer Council are considered by the Board of Trade. I beg to withdraw the Amendment. Before the noble Lady withdraws it, may I say one word? Of course, it should never be overlooked that the prevention of dishonesty not only protects the consumer but protects other members of the trade who wish to be honest. I shall not take it any further. On the understanding that we shall be consulted about this, I withdraw this Amendment now. § Clause 11 agreed to. § Clause 12: § False representations as to royal approval or award, etc. § 12.—(1) If any person, in the course of any trade or business, gives, by whatever means, any false indication, direct or indirect, that any goods or services supplied by him or any methods adopted by him are, or are of a kind, supplied to or approved by Her Majesty, any member of the Royal Family, any Government department or any local authority, he shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, be guilty of an offence. § LORD CAWLEY had given Notice of two Amendments to subsection (1), the first being to omit "or", where that word last occurs. The noble Lord said: This Amendment is consequential upon the one that follows, No. 35, so I ask the Committee's permission to speak on both. This is not a drafting Amendment, and I spoke on this point during the Second Reading of this Bill and during the Second Reading of the former Bill. This clause deals with false indications that a trader supplies to, or is approved by, certain persons and bodies. At the present moment the words in the clause refer to goods supplied to or approved by: Her Majesty, any member of the Royal Family, any Government department or any local authority… My Amendment No. 35 seeks to go further and to include also: any person or institution, whether in existence or not. I shall ask leave to exclude the words "or institution", because I understand that under the terms of the Interpretation Act those are unnecessary, since "person" covers an institution. I think that the present wording is far too narrow, and my grounds are, first, that there are a great many other bodies, other than rural district councils, parish councils and Government Departments, that need protection—for example, the National Coal Board, British Railways, I.C.I., or even any person. At present traders may falsely say that they supply briar pipes to the Prime Minister, but they must not say, falsely, that they supply them to the Royal Mint. There is something wrong with this. The clause ought to be extended to cover "any person". A trader takes an unfair advantage by saying that he supplies something to a person to whom he does not supply it, or that he is approved by somebody when in fact he is not. The second point concerns imaginary persons. I am not trying to cover, and I do not think this clause would cover, such frivolous statements as, "As approved by Old King Cole", or, "As supplied to the Queen of Hearts". They, quite obviously, would not be thought to be false indications of anything. But if, for example, a trader said, "As approved by the Ministry of Supply", the fact is 407 that the Ministry of Supply does not exist; it is a non-existent Government Department. If a trader invents a Government Department, a local authority or some big company, then I think there should be some sanction against him: he ought not to get the advantage. Nor should he if he invents somebody holding some public office which does not exist. That is the reason why I desire to move these Amendments. I beg to move the first Amendment. § Amendment moved— Page 7, line 12, leave out ("or").—(Lord Cawley.) This is a very remarkable Amendment. You must not pretend that you have supplied goods to a non-existent person or institution. I just wonder how far this is meant to go. What about a non-existent Monarch? Is it all right for a person to say that he used to supply cheese to the late King William I? Is that all right? Would a more recent Monarch do? I feel this leads us into some very strange places indeed. The Amendment refers to non-existent people and non-existent institutions—though the non-existent institutions have now disappeared. I do not even know whether the Interpretation Act intends to include as a non-existent person a nonexistent institution. It seems to me to be a very nice philosophical question. I suggest that the purpose of the Amendment might have been carried forward better by omitting the reference to nonexistent persons and institutions. The noble Lord, Lord Cawley, has raised one or two questions that came to my mind as I studied this clause. My noble friend Lord Mitchison has mentioned the claim to have supplied a Monarch with certain equipment. At many tailors' shops one finds a series of coats of arms (most of them related to Monarchs who have long since passed away) still on the walls, presumably to give one confidence in ordering a suit there. But this really is a little wide of the general intention of the Bill. Clause 12 is intended to deal with a very special type of false claim; namely, that there is some special cachet attached to goods or services because they are 408 supplied to or approved by Royalty or other specified classes of person. The assumption behind this is that before buying any person's goods or services, or approving his methods, the Royal Family, Government Departments and local authorities can be relied upon to have satisfied themselves that the person and his goods, services, or methods are sound; and that the ordinary consumer can reasonably expect similar satisfaction. This is obviously not the case with all other persons—although admittedly it may be with some—and to say that a product has been supplied to a non-existent person conveys nothing at all. For that reason the Amendments are not appropriate to the purpose of this subsection which is limited in its aim. I think we should be very slow to extend it any further, particularly since many false claims which the Amendments would bring in are already dealt with elsewhere in the Bill. Clause 2(1) deals with indications that goods are in conformity with a type approved by any person, and that would cover genuine organisations outside this particular clause. Clause 3 deals with claims to comply with non-existent standards (a non-existent human being presumably has non-existent standards), and therefore we could get any statement of this type under Clause 3. Clause 13 deals with the examination or evaluation of services by any person. I think it would be best to leave the sort of case which the Amendments envisage to the general provisions of the Bill and not attach it to a very specialised subsection of this sort. The clause is designed to deal with these limited cases mentioned in the clause itself. The rest I believe we can catch elsewhere if there is intention to mislead. The noble Lord believes that most of these matters can be dealt with under other clauses, but I myself am doubtful about that. For example, the Post Office is covered by the provisions of this clause; but what will be the position when the new Act removes its Government Department status? Will the noble Lord permit me to give consideration to this point? There may be something in it. Perhaps we could consider 409 it later. That is where the thought behind the Coal Board, which the noble Lord mentioned as a parallel to the future of the Post Office, applies. I hesitate to add to this discussion, but the noble Lord has referred to the point we considered before, on Clause 2(1)(g): a type approved by any person". Surely the purpose of moving this Amendment, when it was originally moved by Lord Peddie, was to deal with types and the approval of types. This is quite different from the question of a particular article which may be approved by particular persons. Let me put it this way. Royalty does not approve of types of things: it approves of things themselves. You supply those things to Royalty. That is why, if a trader chose to say he was supplying to Royalty a particular thing, he would be caught by this clause. But surely the same thing applies, from the point of view of misleading the public, if a statement of this kind is made about any prominent person. This is what we had in mind in considering this Amendment. Partly it deals with persons, and partly, as originally drafted, it deals with institutions. This was the point which in an earlier stage the noble and learned Lord on the Woolsack specifically mentioned. I should have thought it was a point that should have been caught here. There is also the other side of this Amendment which raises the question of whether the person is fictitious—not obviously fictitious, but where the public are misled by references to someone who appears to exist but who in fact does not exist. I hope that the noble Lord will look at this point again. I am confident that it is not even mainly covered by the Bill as it stands; it is hardly covered at all. I can give the noble Lord that assurance. It may cause us to alter the scope of this clause somewhat, but our minds are not closed on the subject. I will give an undertaking to do that. On the noble Lord's undertaking I beg leave to withdraw my Amendment. This Amendment is designed to discourage self-advertisers who might want to defend Her Majesty. We all know that there are a certain number of people who ought not to do so but who meddle in litigation. As private prosecutions can still take place under this Bill, this is a way of stopping that sort of thing. I have no doubt that the Lord Chamberlain would express an opinion on this, so I think I need say no more. I beg to move. § Page 7, line 19, at end insert— ("( ) Where the interests of Her Majesty in person are concerned no prosecution shall be commenced under this section without the consent in writing of the Lord Chamberlain.")— (Lord Cawley.) This Amendment provides that the consent of the Lord Chamberlain would be required for prosecutions for offences relating to false indications of use or approval by the Queen herself of any goods, services or methods or to unauthorised use of an emblem signifying an award by the Queen. Under the clause as drafted, it is open to anyone, including a Government Department and the Lord Chamberlain, to take proceedings for any of the offences which it creates, including those to which this Amendment relates—as for offences under the rest of the Bill. This is no anomaly because the primary purpose of the clause, in common with that of the rest of the Bill, is to ensure that the consumer is not misled. It does, of course, also serve to protect the dignity of Her Majesty. In addition, the local authorities which are weights and measures authorities have a duty to enforce this provision, as well as all the other provisions of the Bill. In no case is anyone given a power to veto proceedings. This is as I think it should be. As your Lordships will know, local authorities will be required under Clause 29(2) to give notice to the Board of Trade of any intended proceedings under the Bill. This would give the Board of Trade an opportunity to consult the Lord Chamberlain about any prospective cases of the kind referred to in the Amendment. Does not the noble Lord realise that this is not aimed at 411 local authorities? I am aiming it at private people who come in and make themselves a nuisance. Yes, but surely the four groups, Her Majesty the Queen and the three other groups mentioned, are protected by this clause against the private dealer who is misusing the name of one of these groups. I am sorry, perhaps I have not grasped what concerns the noble Lord. I am not concerned with weights and measures authorities in this case. I hope I am right in saying that any person, you or I, may prosecute any trader who uses what is thought to be a Royal emblem, without any semblance of reason for doing so, in order to advertise himself. That is what I am trying to keep out. There are a whole range of people who may take action: a Government Department, the Board of Trade, the Lord Chamberlain and local authorities acting as weights and measures authorities. It is true that all those people can take action, but this is to prevent quixotic people from taking action in defence of Her Majesty. Your Lordships may know that there is a gentleman who goes round trying to prosecute well-known people if they are involved in motor accidents and there would be nothing to prevent somebody advertising himself by prosecuting in the name of Her Majesty. By Section 61 of the Trade Marks Act 1938 the Lord Chamberlain's permission is required before civil proceedings are started, and I think it would be a good thing to apply that to this Bill, in order to protect Her Majesty from interfering busybodies. I gather from my reading of the Bill that in cases such as have been mentioned by the noble Lord it would be normal procedure for the Government Department or the local authority first to consult the Lord Chamberlain about any prospective cases of the kind referred to in the Amendment. I think that is common ground between us. We do not want the average individual rushing to defend Her Majesty on entirely imaginary grounds. In the way in which the noble Lord has expressed it, 412 I think the matter goes somewhat beyond his intention. We are at one on this, that the Lord Chamberlain will be consulted by any of the authorities who are responsible for taking action before a prosecution takes place in the matter of Her Majesty's Prerogative. The noble Lord, Lord Cawley, has raised a very important point which I do not think has been fully answered by my noble friend, Lord Winterbottom. We are not here talking about local authorities acting as weights and meaures authorities, or anybody else: we are talking about private persons bringing private prosecutions. Pursuing that line of thought, the noble Lord, Lord Cawley, has with great force put forward the idea that similar private prosecutions could be brought over the misuse of Royal emblems, coats of arms and Warrants of Her Majesty. The noble Lord, Lord Cawley, is seeking to amend the Bill so that in the case of these private prosecutions, some of which might be mischievous or brought for notoriety, the permission of the Lord Chamberlain should be obtained, and I think that is an important point. I suggest to my noble friend that the Government ought to take this back and have another look at it. Why the Lord Chamberlain? What has he to do with it? We are passing a Statute to provide against the misuse of descriptions of a Royal Warrant. This is a Statute for the benefit of the public generally, and what is suggested is that where there has been such a misdescription the Statute is to provide specially that the Lord Chamberlain may have a veto on a prosecution. Why the Lord Chamberlain? The Trade Marks Act seems to me a good bit out of date. This is 1967 and it will soon be 1968, and I think we established in the 17th century that this country was governed by a Constitutional Monarchy—if we did not do it then, we did it a bit later. Why the Lord Chamberlain? I simply cannot understand this. If it is required to do anything of the the sort, the proper authority, I think, is the Attorney General. But I should have thought it was quite unnecessary. If the Lord Chamberlain does not consider that there is a case for prosecution, then it ought to be open to a citizen of a free country, which still has private prosecutions, to institute 413 a prosecution—unless he is the kind of person who can be, and is, restrained by due process of law from starting that kind of thing. There are arrangements about this already, and I sit down saying once more that this is the year 1967 and, I repeat, why the Lord Chamberlain? § LORD ILFORD My recollection is that under the Weights and Measures Act 1963 there is an express prohibition on private prosecutions. There does not appear to be anything of that sort in this Bill; and it may be that if it has been found desirable to have an express prohibition on private prosecutions under the Weights and Measures Act, there should be some restriction on private prosecutions in this Bill. This is a rather abstruse point of law. I have considerable sympathy with what my noble friend Lord Mitchison has said. It strikes me as very difficult for us, when debating a subject in so narrow a field as this, to bring the Lord Chamberlain, shall we say, into the legal processes surrounding the misuse of symbols relating to the Royal Family. I think the noble Lord has done a service in pointing out the difficult situation which may arise from the actions of a private individual, but without due consideration by my Department of the point made by the noble, Lord, I feel that I cannot to-day agree to accept this Amendment. I will have it studied and will try to get an informed reply for the noble Lord. But as things stand, I cannot agree that this Amendment would improve the Bill. § LORD AUCKLAND There is one additional difficulty which possibly relates to Clause 12(1) rather than to the Amendment we are now discussing. It is that there is a tendency now for Sunday newspaper supplements and the like to carry articles, often quite intimate articles, about the Royal Family. Recently, one newspaper supplement went so far as to show, in photographic form, a number of foodstuffs which the Royal Family eat. The question I would put to the Government, which relates to a point of law, is: would these particular firms who make the foodstuffs concerned be permitted to use the Royal Warrant for their foodstuffs because they are supplied to Buckingham Palace? And, if not, how would a prosecution be made within the ambit of 414 this clause? I think this an important point, and with the growth of the practice of highlighting the Royal Family, it seems to me to be a relevant point. On the undertaking that this will be looked at, and possibly the Lord Chamberlain might be consulted, I beg leave to withdraw the Amendment. § False or misleading statements as to services, etc. § 13.—(1) It shall be an offence for any person in the course of any trade or business— § (a) to make a statement which he knows to be false; or § 5.0 p.m. § LORD REDESDALE moved, in subsection (1), after the first "business", to insert "with the intention to mislead". The noble Lord said: Despite the somewhat exotic number of my Amendment, it covers a simple point. I feel that the situation in regard to services is different from that applying to goods. Services are much more intangible and it is difficult to describe them satisfactorily. The clause covers a number of services. The one in which I have an interest is dry cleaning, which usually gives the public a service which is advertised in terms of speed—of "24-hour", "4-hour", "2-hour" or "1-hour" cleaning. These services are carried out adequately in 99 per cent. of cases, but on occasion something can go wrong. The service is dependent on people and machines. We know only too well that machines can break down, that sickness can affect staff and that, as often happens in the dry cleaning service, at certain times of the year there is a sudden influx of work which was not accounted for and the service may break down. Any claim for a speedy service used in advertising or on the shop front is made in good faith. Despite the fact that Clause 23 gives protection, I feel that this comes a little after the fact and it would be as well to put in the beginning of the Bill a clause to protect those responsible for providing services by saving that the onus of proving that an offence has been committed should be on the basis that an intention to mislead 415 existed as opposed to something going wrong. Furthermore, private prosecutions can be made, and if this is the case I feel that the 1967 Misrepresentation Act provides adequate remedies of a civil nature. This Bill deals with criminal offences. Therefore I would ask for some consideration to be given to amending this clause so that it turns on intention rather than on a breakdown of services. I beg to move. § Amendment moved— Page 7, line 21, after ("business") insert ("with the intention to mislead").—(Lord Redesdale.) The fears expressed by the noble Lord have been foreseen in drafting the Bill. If he will look at Clause 23(1)(a), he will find that an adequate defence exists for the situation described by him. It says that it shall be a defence that the commission of the offence was due to a mistake or to an accident or some other cause beyond his control; The dry cleaner mentioned by the noble Lord who provides a 24-hour service may have had a breakdown at the factory and therefore an accident beyond his control has caused him to break his advertised undertaking. This is not an intention to mislead and it is a proper defence. I hope that the noble Lord will accept this explanation and withdraw his Amendment, because the restriction he wishes to include in the clause at this point would make the restriction far too severe. In the circumstances mentioned by the noble Lord, an individual is protected under the defence clauses of the Bill. It seems to me that as the clause is drafted there is a considerable degree of protection for those offering services. In order to get a conviction, the prosecution would have to prove a statement to have been false. Obviously, if anyone knows a statement to be false, he makes it with the intention to mislead or alternatively he makes it recklessly. Perhaps if he makes it without due circumspection he is to that extent guilty, though he would not have the absolute intention to mislead. But the clause as drafted seems to go a long way to meet my noble friend's Amendment. I hope that the noble Lord will feel able 416 to withdraw his Amendment. I listened with considerable sympathy to what he had to say. I am sure that all of us who use dry cleaners and washing facilities know that the machines can break down and it is no fault of the proprietor when this happens. But the noble Lord went on, honestly, to cut the ground from under his own feet by making us look at Clause 23, where I feel the matter is taken care of. I am grateful for all that has been said. As the noble Lady said, I did mention Clause 23 but my feeling in raising this Amendment was that it would be better if it were not only stated as a defence but written into the clause itself. I agree with what has been said and beg leave to withdraw my Amendment. moved, in subsection (1)(a), after "statement" to insert, "as to any matter of fact". The noble Lord said: I should like to talk on Amendment No. 36Z as well as this one Clause 2 goes into considerable detail as to fact when referring to goods, but from Clause 13 this reference to fact is omitted. I should like consideration to be given to the inclusion of the words I propose in order to bring this clause into line with Clause 2. I beg to move. § Amendment moved— Page 7, line 22, after ("statement") insert ("as to any matter of fact").—(Lord Redesdale). This Amendment proposes to confine offences under Clause 13(1) to cases where the false statement relates to any matter of fact. This is unnecessary since the subsection goes on to provide that a false statement can be an offence only if it relates to any matters specified in paragraphs (i) to (v). I believe that the noble Lord may agree that these are all matters of fact. The provision of services in the course of trade, the nature of the services, the time, their examination and valuation and their location—all these are matters of fact. In the process of drafting this clause relating to services, in which, as the noble Lord will realise, we are moving on to new ground (we have not attempted to do anything like this before), we deliberately 417 selected characteristics which are capable of objective assessment, and in the opinion of the Government there is no need to make this proposed Amendment. We are confining ourselves to matters of defined fact. I hope that the noble Lord will accept my assurance. I raised this, as I said, quite briefly, and I am grateful for the information supplied. I beg leave to withdraw the Amendment. § On Question: Whether Clause 13 shall stand part of the Bill? § LORD AIREDALE May I briefly refer to subsection (4) of Clause 13, which begins with the words: In this section 'false' means … I should like to ask the Minister to regard this as a model upon which to frame his new subsection (1) of Clause 3, which attempts to describe a false trade description. The noble Lord will remember that during the debate on subsection (1) of Clause 3 the noble Lord, Lord Drumalbyn, made the striking statement with respect to the Minister: … I do not think he believes a word of what he has said. I am quite sure that he himself is fully in agreement with this Amendment. It is common sense, and it ought to be made."—[OFFICIAL REPORT, 30/11/67; col. 268.] I hope that when an Amendment is made it will be made on the model of subsection (4) of Clause 13. I should like to raise three points on the clause as a whole. First, the rubric to this is: False or misleading statements as to services, etc." I suppose that one could have a misleading statement as to matters of fact—and the noble Lord has just been dealing with my noble friend's Amendment—but by and large, this clause, as drafted, seems to relate mainly to false statements of fact, even though they are likely to be taken as such. I am wondering whether the rubric is correct. Secondly, when one starts off on a new course (and as the noble Lord has said, this is the first time that this has been applied to services) it is often desirable to restrict it to start with, and it may well be that it would be better to restrict this clause entirely to what is false. 418 The third point I want to mention is one to which I referred on Second Reading—I did not get an answer, because I had not given notice that I would raise it; that is, whether tipsters give services. I am wondering whether the noble Lord can now tell us whether what tipsters do is to be regarded as a service. This is as area in which there is a great deal of dubious practice, and if we are to cover this kind of thing I should have thought it should be brought into the ambit of the clause. Before we leave this clause, I should like to ask my noble friend how it is to be interpreted when one comes to the area where subjective judgment applies. The noble Lord, Lord Redesdale, brought up the question of the Misrepresentation Act 1967. I did not hear my noble friend reply to the point. I should have thought that the Misrepresentation Act 1967 covered a great many of the areas of services which depend upon subjective judgment, and I should be interested to hear why this clause, as a whole, is considered necessary, and why it is thought that the Misrepresentation Act does not cover the points in it. There are one or two questions that have arisen on this clause. First of all, I note the comment made by the noble Lord, Lord Airedale. I hope I need say no more about that; we will look into it. I note also the comment of the noble Lord, Lord Drumalbyn, about the inclusion in the rubric of the reference to "misleading statements". I think the noble Lord will find that this derives from subsection (2)(a), which provides that the rubric should make reference to "misleading statements". It may be debatable, but I think it is justified. The noble Lord, Lord Drumalbyn, referred also to the question of tipsters. It would seem to me that if the tipster is providing a service in response to a regular fee there might be something to be said for his being regarded as providing a service. But, as I understand it, on the whole, tipsters do not do this. However, I am not familiar with the fraternity, and I may be wrong about that. I think one would have to put tipsters into the more dignified category of those who do this as a formal service for a fee, and others into the category 419 of those who do it in the hope of acting as a bookmaker if a person is influenced by their tips. The noble Lord, Lord Strabolgi, raised the question of the relevance of the Merchandise Marks Act to this clause. I have to confess that I cannot answer this question. I am sorry to interrupt my noble friend, but I referred to the Misrepresentation Act, 1967, not to the Merchandise Marks Act. Before the noble Lord continues, perhaps I can ask him this question. Does this clause apply to pictorial representations? Suppose somebody published a picture of a Lancashire coast resort with the tide out, would he be held to be recklessly misrepresenting the nature of the place in comparison with what it was like when the tide was in? Perhaps I may answer the noble Lord, Lord Strabolgi, first. I am sorry I mistook the Act to which he referred. The Misrepresentation Act provides for civil remedies, whereas this Bill provides for criminal remedies. That is why the wording of the one is not entirely appropriate to the other. On the question of misrepresentation by picture, I feel sure that there is an Amendment which makes reference to this point. I think it comes later, and if I am right it is an Amendment in the name of the noble Baroness, Lady Elliot of Harwood. I may be wrong about that. We may have to consider at a later stage whether a statement is enforced by a picture of a beautiful coastline where some amenity is provided, and when in point of fact the picture is a picture of somewhere else. Perhaps we can leave that matter and have a debate when the relevant Amendment is moved. § Clauses 14 and 15 agreed to. § Restriction on importation of goods bearing infringing trade marks § 16. In the Trade Marks Act 1938 the following section shall be inserted after section 64:— § "64A.—(1) The person who is registered as the proprietor of a trade mark in respect of any goods may give notice in writing 420 to the Commissioners of Customs and Excise (in this section referred to as the Commissioners)— § (b) that such goods bearing the trade mark are expected to arrive in the United Kingdom at a time and place and by a consignment specified in the notice, and moved, in subsection (1)(b) of the proposed insertion in the Trade Marks Act 1938, after "mark" to insert "have been arriving or". The noble Lord said: With your Lordships' permission, I should like to discuss this Amendment and the next Amendment together. The purpose of these two Amendments is to relieve the proprietor of a trade mark of the heavy onus put upon him by paragraph (b) of supplying information in regard to goods which are expected to arrive in this country. As Clause 16 is drafted, it says: The person who is registered as the proprietor of a trade mark in respect of any goods may give notice in writing to the Commissioners of Customs and Excise … (b) that such goods bearing the trade mark are expected to arrive in the United Kingdom at a time and place and by a consignment specified in the notice … We hear a great deal about industrial espionage, but this seems to be carrying it to too great extremes. I am aware that this has happened in the past, I think in regard to a large consignment of plastic materials which arrived from the United States of America. It has happened once but it must indeed have been fortuitous if one was able to get such full information. Surely one could get the co-operation of the Customs without so much information being supplied. All that is required, surely, is that the proprietor of the trade mark should be able to satisfy the Customs that goods have been arriving or are expected to arrive. If he can satisfy the Customs of that, it is then up to them to look out for the goods. I do not know how the individual can be expected to name the actual consignment, the ship, when that ship is going to arrive and the destination at which it is to arrive. This is putting an absolutely impossible onus on the proprietor of the trade mark. The destination of the ship might be changed en route. I beg to move. § Amendment moved— Page 8, line 34, after ("mark") insert ("have been arriving or").—(Lord Drumalbyn.) § BARONESS PHILLIPS The noble Lord, Lord Drumalbyn, will appreciate that as this clause is drafted the import prohibition is limited to particular consignments identified by the trade mark owner himself, and Clause 16 implements the United Kingdom's international commitment in the context of a system of control which the Commissioners of Customs and Excise can operate effectively. Under the clause as it stands, the proprietor of a registered trade mark may give notice to Customs of the expected arrival in the United Kingdom of a specific consignment or consignments of goods bearing his trade mark. Customs will then stop the import of the goods. If this Amendment were accepted it would mean that once the trade make owner had notified Customs that goods bearing his trade mark were to be imported, the Customs would be required to detect and prohibit the import of any goods bearing that trade mark, regardless of when, where and by whom the goods were imported. Such a requirement would involve a system of control on the lines of the existing Customs register of trade marks which it is simply not possible to operate effectively in the context of the present volume of imports. In the light of current conditions it is quite impossible for Customs officers to detect trade mark infringements, and this means that the system contemplated by the Amendment is not a feasible alternative to that proposed in the Bill. Therefore I ask the noble Lord, Lord Drumalbyn, whether he will accept this explanation and withdraw his Amendment. I am not sure that the Government's interpretation of my noble friend's Amendment is quite the one that I should have expected. Surely this is only a case of giving the Customs notice that my trade mark has been infringed, that I am expecting another consignment to come along, and will they please stop it. That occurred to me on several occasions in another country many years ago, and it was always perfectly workable. As I understand the present clause, if that were 422 the case there would be no need for the Amendment, because this would surely be the situation where the Customs would be informed that there is this one consignment and there will be another one at a particular time. I fail to understand how, except in the most unusual circumstances, the proprietor of the trade mark could possibly supply this information. It must be extraordinarily rare. The noble Lord, Lord Pargiter, has an Amendment later in the Bill which might make it a little easier to trace goods which have been arriving, and if information as to the goods which have been arriving is available and the name of the importer is known, then—and then only—it might be possible to trace goods that were likely to arrive in the future. But unless the noble Lord, Lord Pargiter's Amendment is accepted it seems to me there is no way, except by an absolute fluke, in which this clause could possibly be operated for the protection of trade marks. I hope the Government will think about this again, because it is not satisfactory as it stands; indeed it makes things very much worse. I quite agree that in order to get a fully effective control this is perhaps the only way, but one does not expect things to be 100 per cent. effective in life. One wants the Customs to give such assistance as they can. Nobody is going to blame them if goods go through with a false trade mark, but we want to be certain that the owners of trade marks will get co-operation to protect those trade marks when it looks as though they are being infringed and that the infringement is likely to continue. I do not want to appear to be difficult, because along with those moving this Amendment I should very much like to see the situation brought about by the Amendment corning into existence. It would be satisfactory if we could agree to this Amendment, but the fact of the matter is that for a long time it has been the practice in the ports for firms to register their trade marks and to attempt to see that goods bearing those marks falsely were not imported. The Customs are hard pressed to-day, and it would mean a substantial expansion of their inspection techniques in order to carry this out. 423 The Amendment simply means that if the Customs are notified that goods have been arriving which infringe this Part of the Bill it would be their duty in future to watch out for them. This is an expensive business, and it should be remembered that this is not the only recourse the importer has of attacking the problem of false use of his trade marks. These goods go on to the market; they are a type of goods with which he is very familiar, probably being sold to many of his own customers, and he can take action against the person selling those goods. He has a much better opportunity of seeing them than the Customs, because the Customs have to break open packing cases, and this is an extremely difficult and expensive operation which I do not think would work. It would give traders in this country a quite false sense of security that they were being protected, and might cause them not to take other appropriate steps to look after their own interests. I do not think I ought to hold out any hope of accepting an Amendment on these lines. I am sorry the noble Lord cannot help us. If my information is correct, I think the real reason for this not being acceptable is because the Customs are afraid of making mistakes and stopping the wrong trade mark. There is no other reason why they should not give such co-operation as they can, without undertaking to give 100 per cent. co-operation. If the noble Lord cannot meet us in this, perhaps he will consider it, as well as other things, to see whether the great tightness of the drafting here cannot be somewhat relaxed. In the meantime, I beg leave to withdraw the Amendment. § House resumed. Back to NUCLEAR WEAPONS TREATY: INSPECTION SAFEGUARDS Forward to CONSULAR RELATIONS BILL [H.L.]	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line559
__label__wiki	0.945235	0.945235	Click to copyhttps://apnews.com/f1df9924783f49859874f5fc97f0f534 Isolation greets Maduro’s new term as Venezuela’s president By SCOTT SMITHJanuary 10, 2019 Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro and first lady Cilia Flores stop to greet flag-waving children upon arrival to the Supreme Court for Maduro's inauguration ceremony in Caracas, Venezuela, Thursday, Jan. 10, 2019. Maduro was sworn in to a second term amid international calls for him to step down and a devastating economic crisis. Behind is Supreme Court President Maikel Moreno. (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos) CARACAS, Venezuela (AP) — President Nicolas Maduro celebrated the start to a second term as Venezuela’s leader Thursday, but his world got smaller as countries seized upon the inauguration to cut back diplomatic ties, reject his legitimacy and label him a dictator. Once among Latin America’s wealthiest countries, Venezuela is enduring a historic crisis following two decades of socialist rule, with residents struggling to afford basic goods as inflation soars, driving mass migration. Maduro’s second six-year term extends the country’s socialist revolution amid widespread complaints that he has stripped the country of its last vestiges of democracy. Seventeen Latin American countries, the United States and Canada denounced Maduro’s government as illegitimate in a measure adopted Thursday. Maduro rejected the accusation, vowing to continue the legacy of the late President Hugo Chavez and accused the United States of trying to ignite unrest through its increasing economic sanctions. “Venezuela is the center of a world war led by the North American imperialists and its allies,” he declared in a speech after his swearing-in. “They have tried to convert a normal inauguration into a world war.” Maduro, a 56-year-old former bus driver and Chavez’s hand-picked successor, took the helm of government after narrowly winning election following Chavez’s 2013 death. He denies being a dictator and often accuses President Donald Trump of leading an economic war against Venezuela that is destroying the country. In May, Maduro declared victory following an election that his political opponents and many foreign nations consider illegitimate because popular opponents were banned from running and the largest anti-government parties boycotted the race. On Thursday, the Organization of American States voted not to recognize the legitimacy of Maduro’s second term, adopting a resolution presented by Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, the United States, Paraguay and Peru. Venezuela’s ambassador to the OAS, Samuel Moncada, denounced the move as “a hostile act ... against the will of our nation.” Paraguay went a step further, severing diplomatic ties. Peru also called home its top diplomat from Caracas in protest and banned 100 members of Maduro’s administration from entering the country. Argentina suspended Venezuelan diplomatic and official passports for banned high-ranking members of Maduro’s administration from entering. U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said in a statement that the United States would keep up pressure in support of the Venezuelan people. “It is time for Venezuelan leaders to make a choice,” Pompeo said. “Now is the time to convince the Maduro dictatorship that the moment has arrived for democracy to return to Venezuela.” Argentine President Mauricio Macri also denounced Maduro, saying he lacks the authenticity won through honest elections despite the elaborate inauguration ceremony. “Nicolas Maduro today is making a mockery of democracy,” Macri said on Twitter. “Venezuelans know it, the world knows it. Venezuela lives under a dictatorship.” Most countries from Europe and Latin American didn’t send representatives to the swearing-in. Presidents Miguel Diaz-Canel of Cuba, Evo Morales of Bolivia and Anatoli Bibilov of a breakaway province of Georgia were among the few foreign leaders who attended the ceremony at the country’s Supreme Court. Venezuela, which sits atop the world’s largest oil reserves, produced 3.5 million barrels of crude daily when Chavez took power. Output has plummeted to less than a third of that. Critics blame years of rampant corruption and mismanagement of the state-run oil company PDVSA. The economic collapse has thrown the nation of 30 million people into turmoil. The economy in 2019 will continue to contract and inflation will skyrocket at a staggering 23 million percent, forecasts Francisco Rodriguez, a former Venezuelan official who is now chief economist at New York-based Torino Capital. An estimated 2.3 million Venezuelans have fled, according to the United Nations. Those remaining live on a monthly minimum wage equal to less than $5 and falling daily. Venezuela’s splintered opposition movement has failed to counter the socialist party’s dominance as Maduro’s government has jailed or driven into exile its most popular leaders. The opposition-led Congress opened its session for the year, led by 35-year-old Juan Guaido, who accused Maduro of “usurping the presidency.” “Today there is no head of state. Today there is no commander-in-chief,” Guaido said. The Trump administration has increased pressure on Maduro through financial sanctions, targeting dozens in Maduro’s government. U.S. banks are also banned from doing business with Venezuela, putting a financial strangle-hold on the cash-strapped country. David Smilde, a Tulane University professor and expert on Venezuela, said that sanctions aren’t likely to create change. Ultimately, Maduro’s government isn’t worried about its international reputation, he said. “He still has control of the institutions,” Smilde said. “He has the guns. He has the money.” While Maduro’s popularity has plunged amid scarcities, hyperinflation and rising authoritarianism that have sparked a mass emigration, supporters who receive government subsidies in shantytowns continue to back him. “It’s not the president’s fault,” said Frances Velazquez, a 43-year-old mother of two who survives with the help of government-subsidized boxes of rice, flour and cooking oil. Velazquez blamed opportunists who drive up the prices of scarce items for making life difficult for families like hers. Others, like 52-year-old construction worker Ramon Bermudez, have lost hope of escaping Maduro’s rule. He pointed out the irony of living in a nation with the world’s most abundant oil reserves yet having to wait in line overnight to fill three small canisters of natural gas to cook at home. “All that’s left to do is raise your hand to heaven and ask God to help us,” said Bermudez, camped out on a Caracas sidewalk with hundreds of others waiting for gas. “There’s nothing more.” Associated Press writers Luis Alonso Lugo in Washington and Fabiola Sanchez and Jorge Rueda in Caracas contributed to this report.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line560
__label__wiki	0.71504	0.71504	The Daily Rundown NBC Nightly News KNTV (NBC) jamie gangel Meet the Press : KNTV : August 28, 2011 8:00am-9:00am PDT by KNTV the "today" program, jamie gangel, columnist for "the new york times," david brooks, author and georgetown university professor michael eric dyson, and the bbc's catty kay. >>> good morning, the worst may still be to come as hurricane irene hits new york city. it's just a matter of time, and the concern now, flooding from storm surges. after making landfall early saturday, irene left her mark on the outer banks with heavy rain and high wind. by last evening, the storm unrelenting in ocean city, maryland, and coastal virginia. this morning at 5:30 a.m., a second landfall in little egg inlet, new jersey. so far, the storm is responsible for at least ten deaths and power outages across nine states, leaving more than 3 million homes without electricity this morning. states of emergency have been declared in ten states along the eastern seaboard. joining us now for the very latest from new york, nbc meteorologist bill karins. and bill, do we have an actual change in what the storm is now? >> yes. as expected, it is now a tropical storm. it really rapidly weakened overnight last night the "today" program, jamie gangel, columnist for "the new york times," david brooks, author and georgetown university professor michael eric dyson, and the bbc's catty kay. >>> good morning, the worst may still be to come as hurricane irene hits new york city. it's just a matter of time, and the concern now, flooding from storm surges. after making landfall early saturday, irene left her mark on the outer banks with heavy rain and high wind. by last evening, the... Early Today : KNTV : August 29, 2011 4:00am-4:30am PDT , people call it torture, you think it should still be a tool? >> yes. >> and you can catch jamie gangel's sole interview with former vice president dick cheney tonight on a special "dateline" at 10:00 p.m. eastern time right here on your nbc station. >>> and now here's a look at some other stories making news early today in america. the california wildfire ignited from an exploding propane tank continues to spread outside yosemite national park over the weekend. evacuation orders have kept nearby residents out on the streets as firefighters battle to increase containment of the fire. so far the fire has scorched 4700 acres and is only 35% contained. >>> in chicago, graffiti was discovered scrawled on one of the legs of a giant 26-foot statue despikting marilyn monroe's iconic pose from the film "the seven year itch." the black markings appear to be the modern equivalent of a couple's name carved into a tree. no arrests have been made. >>> tributes to the king of pop kicked off a day before his birthday in hollywood. for the second year in a row, a flash mob surprised bystanders with a choreogr , people call it torture, you think it should still be a tool? >> yes. >> and you can catch jamie gangel's sole interview with former vice president dick cheney tonight on a special "dateline" at 10:00 p.m. eastern time right here on your nbc station. >>> and now here's a look at some other stories making news early today in america. the california wildfire ignited from an exploding propane tank continues to spread outside yosemite national park over the weekend.... NBC Nightly News : KNTV : August 29, 2011 5:30pm-6:00pm PDT powell on this new cheney book. jamie gangel has conducted an exclusive interview with dick cheney prior to the release of this book. she's with us tonight from our washington newsroom. good evening, jamie. >> reporter: good evening, brian. dick cheney is blunt, unapologetic, but perhaps the biggest surprise is that the former vice president goes public with revelations about his old boss, including private conversations which conflict with accounts mr. bush has given. listen to the striking difference in how the two men describe the eve of the iraq war. president bush writes, i turned to the team gathered in the oval office and said, let's go. you write, the president kicked everyone else out of the oval office, looked at me and said, dick, what do you think we ought to do? >> that's the way i recall it. and i was giving advice, i wasn't making the decision. he was making the decision. >> do you think these revelations will embarrass president bush? >> i don't know why. >> well, he's saying, let's go, i'm the leader. >> well, he was. >> but you're revealing that it didn't happen t powell on this new cheney book. jamie gangel has conducted an exclusive interview with dick cheney prior to the release of this book. she's with us tonight from our washington newsroom. good evening, jamie. >> reporter: good evening, brian. dick cheney is blunt, unapologetic, but perhaps the biggest surprise is that the former vice president goes public with revelations about his old boss, including private conversations which conflict with accounts mr. bush has given. listen to the... The Daily Rundown : MSNBCW : August 25, 2011 6:00am-7:00am PDT new memoir. in an exclusive interview with nbc's jamie gangel, he's not backing down on the most controversial issues. >> do you think president bush will feel betrayed that you've revealed these private conversations? >> i don't know why he should. >>> and steve jobs steps down as the head of apple. a visionary for decades who turned his company into the most valuable in the world. what's the impact of his resignation? >>> it's thursday, august 25th, 2011, and this is "the daily rundown." i'm chris cillizza in for chuck todd. >>> also this morning, we have new poll numbers that show rick perry way out in front. and that jon huntsman factor, what's behind the unexpected moves by the former utah governor. >>> but we begin with the monster storm that is bearing down on the east coast. hurricane irene is packing winds of 115 miles per hour and it could spell big trouble for the mid-atlantic and new england. nbc meteorologist bill karins joins us now. bill, where is this storm heading? >> it's heading right for eastern north carolina. that's the first stop. good morning to you, chris new memoir. in an exclusive interview with nbc's jamie gangel, he's not backing down on the most controversial issues. >> do you think president bush will feel betrayed that you've revealed these private conversations? >> i don't know why he should. >>> and steve jobs steps down as the head of apple. a visionary for decades who turned his company into the most valuable in the world. what's the impact of his resignation? >>> it's thursday, august 25th, 2011, and... Hardball With Chris Matthews : MSNBCW : August 29, 2011 4:00pm-5:00pm PDT public. >> you mentioned the nbc news interview with jamie gangel, and the decision to go into iraq is sharply differ from the one offered by his boss, president bush. let me play this for you. >> president bush writes, i turned to the team gathered in the oval office and said, let's go. you write, the president kicked everyone else out of the oval office, looked at me and said, dick, what could you think we ought to do? >> that's the way i recall it. >> lynn sweet, reacted to what you just heard? >> gets the story straight pup don't know. we weren't there. you have two of the principals in the room. i wish we had the video or audiotapes to straighten this out. something about the bad old days. we don't know. i think until one really goes through all the books and does more interviews as time goes on to see if there's any way of being more conclusive about this fact, it's what it -- you know, somebody telling history. what the former vice president is trying to do though, mike, is set the stage for history. not so much whether or not there's a spat on the sunday shows or this week or n public. >> you mentioned the nbc news interview with jamie gangel, and the decision to go into iraq is sharply differ from the one offered by his boss, president bush. let me play this for you. >> president bush writes, i turned to the team gathered in the oval office and said, let's go. you write, the president kicked everyone else out of the oval office, looked at me and said, dick, what could you think we ought to do? >> that's the way i recall it. >> lynn sweet,... correspondent for today," jamie gangel, columnist for "the new york times," david brooks, and author as well as georgetown university professor miael eric dyson. good to have all of you. glad we were able to get in. really, the d.c., the story was a lot of wind and rain, but nothing compared to what we're seeing along the eastern seaboard. interesting, david brooks, the political aspect of the storm -- and there is always one, because the politics don't stop -- was be prepared, be very, very prepared. here's a look at some of the admonitions from leaders on the east coast. we put it together. >> we are today issuing a mandatory, i repeat the word mandatory, evacuation order. >> this is very important that people heed this warning a do it now. tomorrow will be too late. >> get the hell off the beach in asbury park and get out. >> so, there's that sliding scale. be prudent, it's mandatory, and get out. what was the lesson that was learned that was put into practice here? >> i was waiting for say last rights, say good-bye to your families. in washington, all the lobbyists were stuck with their pin correspondent for today," jamie gangel, columnist for "the new york times," david brooks, and author as well as georgetown university professor miael eric dyson. good to have all of you. glad we were able to get in. really, the d.c., the story was a lot of wind and rain, but nothing compared to what we're seeing along the eastern seaboard. interesting, david brooks, the political aspect of the storm -- and there is always one, because the politics don't stop -- was be prepared,... the vice president could have anticipated, yet when jamie gangel asked him about whether or not, you know, he even would have hurt president bush's feelings in the way he taked about him, he said, no. maybe he doesn't count reaction? >> does it stem in part from colin powell thinking he was hng out to dry with the presentation he played to the u.n. security council by individuals who were massaging the iraq data? >> well, i don't mean to interrupt, but in the book i did with michael isikoff a few years ago we quoted powell as being very upset. you know, he carries his burden that he was the only guy who put that statement out. he said, listen, it wasn't just me. it was bush. it was the vice president, but everyone always points to colin powell. he gave that u.n. speech, and so he's very embittered about that, and i think he holds it against dick cheney who is pushing the intelligence establishment to come up with any iota of evidence to back up his hyperbowl eck claims about iraq's wmds. >> is it partially, lynn, david, is it partially now vice president cheney looks at secretar the vice president could have anticipated, yet when jamie gangel asked him about whether or not, you know, he even would have hurt president bush's feelings in the way he taked about him, he said, no. maybe he doesn't count reaction? >> does it stem in part from colin powell thinking he was hng out to dry with the presentation he played to the u.n. security council by individuals who were massaging the iraq data? >> well, i don't mean to interrupt, but in the book i did with... Hardball With Chris Matthews : MSNBCW : August 25, 2011 11:00pm-12:00am PDT . >> speaking of that, nbc news jamie gangel had an exclusive interview with vice president cheney. here she asks him about torture. let's have a listen. >> in your view, we should still be using enhanced interrogation? >> yes. >> no regrets? >> no regrets. >> should we still be waterboarding terror suspects? >> i would strongly support using it again is if circumstances arose where we had a high-value detainee and that was the only way we could get him to talk. >> even though so many people condemned it, people call it torture, you think it should still be a tool? >> yes. >> he never backs off that. we don't expect him to. people know my feelings about this pretty surely, he's a war criminal. torture is a crime, and this is a guy who can't travel to europe anymore for fear of ending up in the hague. does he deal with that, do you suppose, in the book? >> well, i can't say how he deals with it in the book in detail. just from reports that have come out. i think in real life he probably is avoiding trips to europe, i imagine, like henry kissinger and others on the lam from that branch of inte . >> speaking of that, nbc news jamie gangel had an exclusive interview with vice president cheney. here she asks him about torture. let's have a listen. >> in your view, we should still be using enhanced interrogation? >> yes. >> no regrets? >> no regrets. >> should we still be waterboarding terror suspects? >> i would strongly support using it again is if circumstances arose where we had a high-value detainee and that was the only way we could get him... far. i think dick overshot the runway. >> nbc's jamie gangel sat down with an exclusive interview with vice president cheney. there it is, the first response, the first head exploding, secretary of state powell obviously not happy. this is not news in many cases. the two of them never got along. >> right. and if they're speaking now, they are barely speaking. you may remember when collin powell endorsed obama. vice president cheney said i didn't know he was still a republican. that's just a tip of the iceberg between these two. >> all right. one of the things that colin powell criticized vice president cheney for was what he wrote about condoleezza rice. you asked him about his relationship with the secretary of state rice. here's what he said to you. >> she came into my office, sat down in the chair next to my desk, and tearfully admitted i'd been right. was she crying? >> she was tearful. that's what i wrote. if i wanted to say she was crying, i would have wrote she was crying. >> you know that tearfully is a loaded description. >> look -- >> for powerful women in high office. i far. i think dick overshot the runway. >> nbc's jamie gangel sat down with an exclusive interview with vice president cheney. there it is, the first response, the first head exploding, secretary of state powell obviously not happy. this is not news in many cases. the two of them never got along. >> right. and if they're speaking now, they are barely speaking. you may remember when collin powell endorsed obama. vice president cheney said i didn't know he was still a republican.... News Nation : MSNBCW : August 29, 2011 11:00am-12:00pm PDT say. nbc's jamie gangel's exclusive interview airs tonight on in a special "dateline" tonight at 10:00, and tomorrow morning matt lauer will interview the vice president live on "today." coming up on "newsnation" -- >> it is probably an oxymoron to say the house of representatives and intelligence are in the same sentence. >> more and more candidates are trying to appear to be the ultimate outsider, and we have the details of the latest round of tough talk. >>> and the mystery of a disappearance of a 23-year-old woman, and her family says they cannot understand what happened here, because she has never gone a day without contacting them. what has gone wrong here? we have the details coming up. an accident doesn't have to slow you down. with better car replacement available only with liberty mutual auto insurance, if your car's totaled, we give you the money for a car one model year newer. to learn more, visit us today. responsibility. what's your policy? i'm a dad, coach, and i was a longtime smoker. in my heart i knew for the longest time that did not want to be a smoker. and the f say. nbc's jamie gangel's exclusive interview airs tonight on in a special "dateline" tonight at 10:00, and tomorrow morning matt lauer will interview the vice president live on "today." coming up on "newsnation" -- >> it is probably an oxymoron to say the house of representatives and intelligence are in the same sentence. >> more and more candidates are trying to appear to be the ultimate outsider, and we have the details of the latest round of tough... Morning Joe : MSNBCW : August 29, 2011 3:00am-6:00am PDT hobbs, good to see you. thank you very much. up next, we're going to talk to jamie gangel about her exclusive one-on-one interview with former vice president dick cheney. i know you're worried about making your savings last and having enough income when you retire. that's why i'm here -- to help come up with a plan and get you on the right path. i have more than a thousand fidelity experts working with me so that i can work one-on-one with you. it's your green line. but i'll be there every step of the way. call or come in and talk with us today. and i saw another store's ad for these crayons at a lower price. no problem -- i can match that right here. oops -- i don't have the ad. you don't need it. oh, what about a coupon for these pens? yeah. easy. why does the glue not stick to the glue stick? well, it's very complicated, but it has to do with oxygen. i knew that. [ male announcer ] we're so confident in our low prices every day on everything for back to school, we back it with our easy ad match guarantee. get this graphing calculator for just $95. save money. live better. walmart hobbs, good to see you. thank you very much. up next, we're going to talk to jamie gangel about her exclusive one-on-one interview with former vice president dick cheney. i know you're worried about making your savings last and having enough income when you retire. that's why i'm here -- to help come up with a plan and get you on the right path. i have more than a thousand fidelity experts working with me so that i can work one-on-one with you. it's your green line. but i'll be there every... The Dylan Ratigan Show : MSNBCW : August 25, 2011 1:00pm-2:00pm PDT news today because he's got a memoir coming out. nbc, our own nbc jamie gangel had an exclusive interview with dick cheney i want to play a little sound from and then get you all to react. >> in your view, we should still be using enhanced interrogations? >> yes. >> no regrets? >> no regrets. >> should we still be waterboarding terror suspects? >> i would strongly support using it again, if circumstances arose where we had a high value detainee and that was the only way we could get him to talk. >> even though so many people have condemned it, people call it torture, you think it should still be a tool? >> yes. >> dick cheney, obviously standing his ground. i'm sure they'll be more, and more gets unfolded from the book. what do you make of what the former vice president -- >> to have this happen, have a vice president come out and reveal these tales, if you will, and these stories, and i think it will be interesting how it's perceived by the public and those who are going to probably be outed on some of these stories as well. >> i know one of the other revelations discussed in w news today because he's got a memoir coming out. nbc, our own nbc jamie gangel had an exclusive interview with dick cheney i want to play a little sound from and then get you all to react. >> in your view, we should still be using enhanced interrogations? >> yes. >> no regrets? >> no regrets. >> should we still be waterboarding terror suspects? >> i would strongly support using it again, if circumstances arose where we had a high value detainee and that was... , jamie gangel going to appear on dateline on monday, we're getting clips ahead of his new memoir. he's going to make some people angry as he said. he goes after colin powell, goes after condi rice, goes after george tenet and in the clip we have -- do we have the waterboarding clip? he comes out and says again i believe in what we did with waterboarding. i do it again. here's what he said. >> in your view, we should still be using enhanced interrogation? >> yes. >> no regrets? >> no regrets. >> should we still be waterboarding terror suspects? >> i would strongly support using it again if circumstances arose where we had a high-value detainee and that was the only way we could get him to talk. >> even though so many people have condemned it, people call it torture, you think it should still be a tool? >> yes. >> reverend sharpton, what do you think about dick cheney coming out with a memoir at this point in which he goes after a lot of people he worked closely with who are still around obviously? >> well, i think several things. one, i think it's interesting that he would say he's goin , jamie gangel going to appear on dateline on monday, we're getting clips ahead of his new memoir. he's going to make some people angry as he said. he goes after colin powell, goes after condi rice, goes after george tenet and in the clip we have -- do we have the waterboarding clip? he comes out and says again i believe in what we did with waterboarding. i do it again. here's what he said. >> in your view, we should still be using enhanced interrogation? >> yes. >> no... with nbc's jamie gangel last night. >> the portrait you paint of colin powell makes it sound as if he was disloyal and undermining the administration. >> well, those are your words. i don't think i say it as harshly as you have presenteded it. i did neil the state department did not serve the president well. i would hear discussions, for example, that powell had objected to or opposed operations in iraq, but that never happened sitting around the table in the national security council. it was the kind of thing that seemed to be said to others. >> you felt he was going around you? >> not going around me, but it didn't help the cause. >> some of the phrases you use -- diplomatic failures, misguided approach, train wreck. do you think that condoleezza rice was a competent secretary of state? >> i once offered condy a job when i was a board member before the bush administration got elected -- >> that's not a yes or a no. do you think she was a competent secretary of state? >> in some regard. i didn't make the attack personal, but there were fundamental differences in policy. and i laid th with nbc's jamie gangel last night. >> the portrait you paint of colin powell makes it sound as if he was disloyal and undermining the administration. >> well, those are your words. i don't think i say it as harshly as you have presenteded it. i did neil the state department did not serve the president well. i would hear discussions, for example, that powell had objected to or opposed operations in iraq, but that never happened sitting around the table in the national security...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line565
__label__cc	0.637627	0.362373	Anglicanorum Coetibus Society Blog News and commentary on Anglican Patrimony inside and outside the Catholic Church The Five Wounds and Our Spirituality Posted on March 23, 2018 by Fr. Chori Jonathin Seraiah I had been called to go to the emergency room to give Last Rites. When I arrived, the nurse came out of the room and warned me; it was a very bad car accident and he was in very bad shape. The doctors had done what they could but he was not going to live long and the family was not going to make it to the hospital before he passed. She was right; it was hard to see. No words can sufficiently describe a serious injury. By the grace of God I was able to enter the room, give him Last Rites and commend his soul to God. Still today, I remember that feeling when I touched his forehead with the holy oil–he was about to leave this world. Seeing a bad wound makes some people get queasy. I personally have a hard time with needles, but can handle wounds a bit more. Yet, seeing a serious wound always strikes me deeply. The damaging of one’s flesh and bone is a clear reminder of our mortality. “Memento mori”, remember, you are mortal. The same is true of Christ’s wounds. Although none of us can actually see them today (unless granted the wonderful grace of a miraculous vision), seeing them portrayed in art (or cinema, like “The Passion of the Christ”) and pondering each of them for what they are is of great spiritual value. It leads us to a deeper appreciation of what Our Lord went through for our sakes. It was John the Apostle who saw Jesus as a lamb Who looked like He had been slain (cf. Rev 5:6). That is how Jesus showed Himself on His throne. In other words, He was saying to John, “look at my wounds and do not forget them, for they will be visible forever”. Most especially should we consider the medieval devotion to the “five wounds” of Christ (both hands, both feet and His side). Pope Francis recently encouraged a revival of this same devotion. What a humbling encouragement that he gives (do go and read it). Look at them in silence and reflect upon each of them, he says. Do not look away from it; take it in and let it transform you. This is another reason why I do not greatly appreciate the so-called “resurrection crucifixes”. Yes, we want to remember the resurrection, of course. We do not, however, want to have the resurrection make us forget the suffering of our Lord. Jesus did not die peacefully, in His sleep, hidden away in the ICU of a hospital; it was public for all in Jerusalem to see (and for us to remember). This was not an accident of history. Certainly I am not trying to draw attention to us in anything of a prideful manner, but here in the Ordinariates I am glad to say “Yes, we’ve got that”. In the Votive Masses of the Divine Worship Missal there is included (or maybe it should be said, restored”) the Mass of the Five Wounds. This is one of those devotions that cannot be done in a merely “speculative” manner. We have to get to the “brass tacks” and consider the suffering of our Lord in a somewhat direct manner. The Jerusalem Cross is often pointed out as a symbol of the Five Wounds. Our own Canterbury Cross on the cover of the Divine Worship Missal carries the same symbolism; what a beautiful reminder for a priest every time he opens the book to say the Mass. As much as I enjoy Church history, I cannot call myself an historian in the strict sense. I believe Fr. Hunwicke has commented (more than once) on the Mass of the Five Wounds, and its appearance in the Sarum form of the Mass. You may want to seek out his information for more specifics on that aspect. Remarkably, there is a strange issue with how modern society (at least here in Northern America) tends to view (or maybe I should say “wants to avoid viewing”) those brutal aspects of Christ’s sufferings. Without getting into a diatribe regarding how so many people do not want to see “bad stuff”, we must acknowledge that seeing blood shakes us and wakes us. The wounds of Christ get our attention. After the recent bridge collapse in Florida, I recall hearing a number of people comment on a photo that showed a red puddle next to a crushed car (“oh my, look at all the blood!”). Turns out, the “red” was actually pink–it was transmission fluid and not blood. Yet, seeing the puddle of red catches our attention–does it not?–and that makes us think of our own mortality; something many today refuse to do. I believe it was St. Theresa of Avila who said “begin every day by saying, ‘I may die today’, and then decide what to do”. The five wounds of Christ help us to do that. Thinking of the specific points of suffering that our precious Lord experienced in His crucifixion says two things at once. First, He suffered and died (pay attention to it and do not try to exclude it from your thoughts); second, you too will die someday (pay attention to it and do not try to exclude it from your thoughts either). Remember the Five Wounds. This entry was posted in Uncategorized by Fr. Chori Jonathin Seraiah. Bookmark the permalink. 4 thoughts on “The Five Wounds and Our Spirituality” Tom B. on March 24, 2018 at 12:28 pm said: Wonderful reflection, Father. Thank you for sharing. Rev22:17 on March 24, 2018 at 11:12 pm said: Several decades ago, I assisted at a funeral at the Benedictine abbey where I habitually go for mass. The monk who died was perhaps about thirty years old, one of the earlier victims of AIDS (contracted elsewhere; he had left the abbey soon after making his first profession and subsequently returned there to die after contracting the disease, for which no treatment existed at that time). At the end of the service of commendation at the awaiting grave, they lowered the casket into the ground and invited each of us to toss a shovelful of dirt onto it — a very real participation in the burial of the dead. As the casket started descend, the young monk’s mother burst out in tears of sorrow. The hollow ka-thunk as each of the multitude of rocks in our New England soil impinged on the casket is indescribable, but it fit the moment in a very uncanny way. The hollow sound reminded us all that something was missing — the gentle presence of a beloved son and brother in the Lord. The lowering of the casket and the act of covering it with dirt remains the final element of the service of commendation in the Roman burial rite, yet it is often omitted — ostensibly to spare the pain of watching it for the family. Unfortunately, this really deprives those who mourn the death of a much-needed emotional release that the direct confrontation with the reality brings to bear. Those who suffer this loss then carry the emotional baggage surrounding the loss for years to come, or even for the rest of their lives. Here, the Paschal Triduum is instructive. We cannot get to the eternal bliss of the resurrection without first going through the anguish and suffering of the passion and the desolation of the empty tomb. Norm. Mark on March 28, 2018 at 11:30 am said: Fr. Hunwicke’s comments on the Five Wounds today are very interesting. http://liturgicalnotes.blogspot.ca/2018/03/cranmer-and-five-wounds-1.html The Banner of the Five Wounds was the emblem of the Pilgrimage of Grace, the populist Catholic uprising against the Protestant revolution of Cranmer and others. So it is apropos for the Ordinariate Missal to reincorporate the Mass of the Five Wounds into its liturgy, as a symbol of bringing the disparate parts of the English Catholic tradition back together. William Tighe on March 29, 2018 at 7:45 am said: “The Banner of the Five Wounds was the emblem of the Pilgrimage of Grace, the populist Catholic uprising against the Protestant revolution of Cranmer and others.” A similar, if not identical, banner was the emblem of the “Prayer-Book Rebellion” (that is, rebellion against Cranmer’s PB) of 1549, and the very same banner that was used in the Pilgrimage of Grace (1536) and hidden away after it, was taken from hiding by Richard Norton, a Yorkshire gentleman who had been involved in the earlier rising, and used again as the emblem of the “Revolt of the Northern Earls” in favor of Catholicism and against Protestantism in 1569.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line571
__label__wiki	0.944802	0.944802	The birthday of the Armoured Corps, Cambrai Day, in November 1970 being observed by the crews of Centurion tanks from A Squadron, 1st Armoured Regiment and APCs from B Squadron, 3rd Cavalry Regiment. The parade took place at Nui Dat. [AWM FAI/70/0852/VN] Armoured personnel carriers Armour played a vital role during Australia’s war in Vietnam. The ubiquitous armoured personnel carrier (APC) made its first appearance in the conflict during mid-June 1965 as part of the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (1RAR) group then operating under the command of the 173rd United States Airborne Brigade in Bien Hoa Province. At the vanguard of the APC’s seven-year-long deployment to South Vietnam was 1 Troop, A Squadron, 4th/19th Prince of Wales Light Horse. Equipped with the American type M113 A1 family of armoured vehicles the Troop and its successors were highly mobile. Their vehicles could operate over a wide range of terrains, including through heavily forested areas and, with their amphibious capability, were also able to ford streams and cross inundated paddies. In 1966 the 1st Armoured Personnel Squadron worked with the 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (5RAR) and 105 Battery, Royal Australian Artillery in establishing the Task Force base at Nui Dat. Shortly afterwards, though not for the first time, they proved their worth in a perilous situation. At Long Tan APCs were one among several elements that swung the course of the battle in the Australian’s favour. While artillery had a devastating effect on the enemy and the infantry, pinned down and under heavy fire, withstood assault after assault, it was the arrival of the APCs from 3 Troop 3rd Cavalry regiment, spitting fire from their .50 calibre machine guns into an enemy force massing for yet another attack, that forced them to disperse and withdraw. APC crews could expect to spend lengthy periods away from the Task Force Base at Nui Dat during which crews would spend much of their time in vehicles that in effect became their home when on operations. Armoured vehicles required constant maintenance, some of which, including changing tracks in the field, was carried out by crew members, but the heavier tasks were the province of the Royal Australian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (RAEME). In the case of APC’s, RAEME personnel undertook, among other tasks, major engine repairs, the replacement of guns and any welding that was required. While the field crews were expected to ensure that the vehicles’ supplies of oil other lubricants and water were maintained. Unfortunately APCs were very vulnerable to mines and their thin armour made them targets for recoilless rifle fire and rocket propelled grenades. Every time they went into the field crews risked death or injury from these devices and images of damaged APCs are a vivid reminder of the dangers these men faced. The 3rd Cavalry Regiment, for instance, suffered 20 deaths during the war, 17 of whom were killed in action. Another 110 members of the unit were wounded in action and one author has suggested than 1 in 7 members of the Regiment could expect to become a battle casualty in Vietnam. Having been among those present at the establishment of the Task Force Base, the Cavalry were among the last to leave. No. 1 Troop helped close down the base area and left Vietnam on 12 March 1972. Australian tanks, in the form of elements of C Squadron, 1st Armoured Regiment, reached Vietnam in February 1968. Eventually the squadron’s organisation included four tank troops, two gun tanks on squadron headquarters and a Special Equipment Troop of two tank dozers and two bridge layers. A Light Aid Detachment (LAD) from the Royal Australian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (RAEME) included two armoured recovery vehicles as well as two fitters tracks. Not everyone, including some in the Armoured Corps itself, was of the view that tanks would be effective in Vietnam. The Centurion, with which they were equipped, had been developed in Britain and intended for use in northern Europe. The experience of tank operations in jungle settings against the Japanese in the Second World War, however, suggested that armour could play a useful role in such conditions. The idea that tanks might be of value in South Vietnam gained impetus after two operations in which Australians suffered losses that shocked the relatively small force then serving in Vietnam; Bribie and Renmark in February 1967. On Bribie, having attacked into a strong defensive position, an Australian force suffered the loss of eight men killed and 27 wounded. During this fight APCs were used almost as if they were tanks, a hazardous practice not recommended in armoured doctrine. On Renmark, however, no enemy troops were seen until after the damage had been done. Seven Australians were killed and 26 wounded, all victims of mines and booby traps. The rate of losses and the manner in which these men met their deaths or were wounded informed the thinking of some senior officers who believed that a third battalion was needed in South Vietnam and that tanks, with their mobility and firepower, were necessary to support the infantry. Months passed, however, before the decision to send tanks, along with a third battalion group and other units to Vietnam was taken on 6 September 1967. More months passed until the tanks reached the theatre of operations. They were soon in action on Operation Pinaroo during which they worked with infantry, artillery, engineers and with APCs. But it was not until May 1968 that tanks experienced their first major test, during the battle for Fire Support Bases Coral and Balmoral. On the bases themselves the tanks were able to act as an adjunct to artillery, but it was outside the wire that they demonstrated their true worth. In a series of encounters with enemy bunkers the tanks proved that they could work in tandem with the infantry to destroy these well-fortified positions. Their canister rounds shredded foliage, deprived the enemy of cover and killed anyone unfortunate enough to be in a bunker under tank fire. Crews could also use the weight of their vehicles, by turning the tank on its tracks, to crush bunkers beneath them. For some in the infantry the mental shift from being wary of working with tanks to considering them a most valued asset took just a single action and a matter of hours. Thereafter tanks were regarded as a welcome addition to the Australian force. Working closely with the infantry they undoubtedly saved many Australian lives. Over time events proved that in most environments tanks and infantry were a powerful combination; tank crews needed infantry to locate targets and deal with enemy troops, particularly those armed with rocket propelled grenades, and the infantry needed tanks to clear lines of sight, open pathways and destroy bunkers. Having proved themselves on many occasions in jungle or rural settings, tanks also demonstrated how effective they could be in an urban setting in June 1969 during the Battle of Binh Ba. Described in the 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment’s (5RAR) after action report as a ‘battle winning factor’ the tanks at Binh Ba have also been credited with playing a major role in keeping Australian casualties low – only one Australian was killed in the battle, but most of the eleven wounded were members of tanks crews. As part of the withdrawal from Vietnam, the 1st Armoured Regiment was recalled to Australia, leaving Vietnam in September 1971. For the infantry who remained, the absence of tanks rendered their task more difficult and more dangerous. Tanks in Vietnam Armoured Personnel Carriers and a mine incident. [AWM F04330] Despite the title, this film focuses mostly on APCs and appears to cover a mine incident during which at least one Australian was wounded. Several men search the ground using mine detectors before calling in a helicopter to land in the mine-free area and evacuate the wounded man. Tanks in Operation Filmed during Operation Track Duster, October 1968. [AWM F04245] This piece of footage was shot on Operation Track Duster in October 1968 and shows APCs and tanks moving into ambush positions across sodden fields. The film gives an impression of some of the country over which Australian armoured vehicles operated. Armoured Personnel Carrier damaged by mine Filmed during Operation Kinghit, December 1968. [AWM F04272] This film was taken on Operation Kinghit during December 1968 during which an APC was damaged by a mine dug into a dirt road. The film shows wounded Australians, one being helped into another APC before returning to the Task Force Base for treatment. At the scene of the explosion, Australians study the damage to the APC while others make sure that no other mines are in the vicinity.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line572
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__label__wiki	0.828265	0.828265	Category Archives: A – MGMT Posted by Unruly Hearts on July 17, 2014 Music video by MGMT performing It’s Working. (c) 2010 Sony Music Entertainment Leave a comment Posted in A - MGMT Tagged It's working, MGMT, performance, video LateNightTales – MGMT [+ interview] Posted by Unruly Hearts on May 17, 2014 The band’s Late Night Tales selection of post-punk, cult indie and counter-culture figureheads reflects the band’s multifaceted sound, and draws comparisons with contemporary dreampop/chillwave/shoegaze/folk scenes on both sides of the Atlantic. The listener finds MGMT presiding over the playlist “after-the-after-party”; daybreak creeping through the curtains earlier than desirable, broken bodies lining the corridors, the emotionally bankrupt kept alive by timeless songs of heartache and longing. Watch interview below: Leave a comment Posted in A - MGMT Tagged interview, LateNightTales, MGMT Bands That Changed The Sound That Made Them Famous Posted by Unruly Hearts on January 23, 2014 1. MGMT Before: pop songs for teens After: Psychedelic rock The world of pop music is a fickle place in which to work: One day, your audience demands this, but they next day they insist on having that. Artists face a constant struggle between staying true to their musical vision by making content that has an integrity they are proud of, and conforming to the varying wants of the mainstream crowd by sanitizing their style to rake in the big bucks. Early on, MGMT was lucky. Their first album, 2007’s “Oracular Spectacular,” was full of mega-hits like “Electric Feel,” “Kids” and “Time to Pretend” that were both poppy enough to garner considerable radio attention and truly an unfiltered outpouring of band members Benjamin Goldwasser and Andrew VanWyngarden at their finest. Ideally, at least in the eyes of the pair’s agents, marketing executives and other corporate players in their circle, they would have pumped out another album in the next year or two in the same vein as their first to billow the fire and keep the eyes of the music world on them. The problem with this is that the poppy electronic music Goldwasser and VanWyngarden were making just happened to coincide with what the public wanted at the time. By no means were they a product of the cookie cutter pop machine; for a brief minute, they were in the overlap of the Venn diagram that represents their interests and the world’s musical wants. So they took as long as they felt they needed and made their next album the exact way they wanted to, which meant they took until 2010 and came out with “Congratulations,” a more psychedelic offering influenced more by ’60s psychedelic music and surf rock, which was not as appreciated by the general public. In fact, listeners felt somewhat betrayed: Why would MGMT stop pumping out the great pop music that’s a little bit different that we love so much? It was good and it was distinctively “them,” so where’s the issue? As mentioned, Goldwasser and VanWyngarden are free spirits. They made music for themselves, and others happened to like it. Then they made more music, and it wasn’t liked quite as much. It still drew a crowd, but more on the indie spectrum. Their career trajectory is like the inverse of many indie bands: start out with a unique sound that gets a small-but-loyal fan base, then give in to the trappings of corporate pressure and fame-seeking, “clean up” their sound and make some more money. To complete the Benjamin Button-like nature of their career, they even named their most recent album “MGMT,” even though self-titling a record is usually done on their first release. The album has a weirdness that surpasses anything the group has put out so far. The 10-song collection feels like the work of a young band who hasn’t yet learned their lesson and is still making the oddball experimental music they started with. Rather, it is the product of a duo who have learned their lesson, which is that as long as you are doing what you are doing well, the unique expression of musical risk-taking will find an audience that appreciates it. If “Your Life is a Lie” seems like a weird single, that’s because it is, but it’s also the closest thing on the album to a single. The 2-minute track, in the context of the album, feels more like a strange chanted interlude that a full-fledged song. It stays in the same sonic space the whole time, and although it sounds exactly like MGMT, it doesn’t belong on the radio. Perhaps the single is a message: “This is us, we’re still doing us, and it’s different than what you might want or expect. If you don’t like it, that’s fine, but we’re still around, so feel free to listen if you so choose.” On the other hand, the lead single “Alien Days,” serves as an easier transition from the “classic” MGMT sound to their current incarnation. The structure and instrumentation are more traditional than anything else on the record, but the flowing psychedelic cut will likely receive better ratings on Pitchfork than it will in Rolling Stone. Power to MGMT for being the version of themselves they want to be. Often, a few albums in, a band can lose track of why they decided to make music in the first place, but MGMT continues to be the band they want to be, whether you like it or not. 2. Yeasayer – Fragrant World, the curiously titled album from Yeasayer, sounds basically like its predecessor, 2010′s Odd Blood, and thus nothing like the band’s debut, 2007′s All Hour Cymbals. Given the acclaim that their debut received, it’s curious and rather disappointing that Yeasayer have moved away from its wide-eyed eclecticism toward a more conventional sound. Still, they’re hardly the first band to change the sound that brought them to the public’s attention — we’ve put together a selection for your reading delectation after the jump. Before: Strange world music-influenced eclecticism After: Identikit Brooklyn “hey, look, we have synths!” stuff So, yeah, Yeasayer: what happened? Their debut album, 2007′s All-Hour Cymbals, wasn’t for everyone, but it was a pretty fascinating beast: full of strange African rhythms, choirs, and god knows what else. There was a certain ingenuousness to it, like a bunch of kids discovering a heap of music in a hitherto unexplored corner of a record store and deciding to make everything they heard into an album. Since then, though, they’ve settled into making the sort of mildly psychedelic synthpop that it seems compulsory to make if you live in Brooklyn. Sigh. Before: Slap-happy, mildly camp synthpop After: Portentous stadium rock Perhaps the best example of this phenomenon, Depeche Mode were already well-established as ’80s dancefloor staples (“Just Can’t Get Enough,” etc. etc.) by the time Dave Gahan decided at the end of the ’80s that he wanted to be a rock star. The result was two of the finest albums of the band’s career — Violator and Songs of Faith and Devotion — and Gahan’s near-death from a heroin/cocaine overdose. Before: Winsome psychedelic noodlings We guess that if you somehow went back in time and played ’70s Floyd to a ’60s Floyd fan, they’d have refused to believe it was the same band (if they could actually string a coherent sentence together, that is). The band’s great stylistic shift coincided with the departure of Syd Barrett for la-la land, and the consequent rise of Roger Waters to songwriting prominence. By the mid-’70s, Waters was in complete control and the band was making weighty concept records that sold gazillions of copies and sounded absolutely nothing like The Piper at the Gates of Dawn. We rather prefer Waters-era Floyd, but it’s ultimately a matter of taste. 5. The Horrors Before: Misfits cover band After: Shoegaze devotees The big shock with The Horrors’ 2009 album Primary Colours wasn’t that it was so different from its predecessor — it’s that it was so good. After all, the band’s first album, 2007′s Strange House, was largely clichéd sub-Misfits horror pop, and while it did well enough, charting in the band’s native UK and getting the NME all hot under the collar, it hinted at nothing remotely interesting in the band’s future. Happily, that all changed with Primary Colours, which was a fine piece of neo-shoegaze that deserved all the acclaim it got. 6. Radiohead Before: Best guitar band of the ’90s After: Warp devotees And, of course, speaking of bands who transcended relatively uninspiring records, there’s Radiohead, who’ve undergone at least two great stylistic shifts. The OK Computer to Kid A transition was the more relevant one in this context, since the band were already global megastars at the time they decided that actually they’d rather make experimental electronica than experimental guitar music. The decision made for a legion of bewildered fans, but a decade on, Kid A and Amnesiac stand up rather well indeed. 7. The Clash Before: Angry left-wing punks After: Angry left-wing musical visionaries The Clash and Give ‘Em Enough Rope established the Clash firmly in the top tier of first-wave UK punk bands, but their next two records — London Calling and Sandinista! — proved that they were far more interesting than that. The latter was perhaps too sprawling and ambitious for its own good, but the former remains an enduring masterpiece, a gleeful romp through the history of rock ‘n’ roll that also serves as conclusive proof that a band can (and should) continue evolving. 8. Best Coast Before: Most excellent psych weirdness After: Sub-girl group Cali tedium Come back, Pocahaunted! All is forgiven! 9. Robyn Before: Cheesy pop and child stardom After: Hyper-cool electropop and angular haircuts A curious fact about Robyn: for all the acclaim received by the various Body Talk releases and her 2005 self-titled record, her best-selling US album remains 1995′s Robyn Is Here, which was released in her native Sweden when she was 16 and contains two US top 10 hits (“Do You Know (What it Takes)” and “Show Me Love”). There are others who’ve reinvented themselves after child stardom — see also Björk, Alanis Morrissette, etc. — but Robyn is probably the one who enjoyed the greatest fame the first time around, which makes her reinvention all the more remarkable. 10. Nick Cave Before: The Devil incarnate After: Suit-wearing piano balladeer Even in his most hell-raising days, Nick Cave had a way with a love song, so perhaps the somber, restrained piano ballads of The Boatman’s Call shouldn’t have come as a great surprise. Still, his 1997 masterpiece was quite the stylistic shift from its predecessor — the gleefully malevolent Murder Ballads — and it was a resounding success. It also meant for a couple more albums of diminishing returns on the same idea, but happily, he’s regained his old fire of late, even if we’re not as big fans of Grinderman as everyone seems to think we should be. Leave a comment Posted in A - MGMT, Music Articles Tagged 10 bands, Andrew VanWyngarden, Benjamin Goldwasser, changed sound, made them famous, MGMT, Pink Floyd, psychedelic rock, Roger Waters MGMT @ Brooklyn’s Barclays Center – December 13, 2013 MGMT is the American band that’s been shaking up the indie scene for the past five years. Their style is difficult to shove into one genre of music, but contains elements of indie, psychedelic rock, and pop. MGMT broke onto the scene in 2007 with their hit album, Oracular Spectacular, which featured the hit single, “Kids”. At the Barclays Center in December, MGMT played to an ecstatic (and young) crowd at Barclays Center that was their first NYC show in nearly 3 years. A homecoming of sorts. It’s been 5 years since I’ve gotten to see MGMT live, and that was when they were a young band opening for Beck. Back then they were still coming into their own. After seeing their performance last night, it’s safe to say they’ve definitely done so. 3/4 of first opener Kuroma were actually Hank Sullivant, James Richardson, and William Berman of MGMT. With the addition of Simon O’Connor, they created Kuroma. They had a groovy, jangly indie-rock vibe that was very lose, almost surf-rock at times. Up next was Dinosaur Jr. who have been at it since the mid-80′s, but were opening for MGMT. Interesting choice, but you’ll hear no complaints from me. It’s always a pleasure to catch these guys, who are legends at this point. J Mascis is always a pleasure to watch at work, punching away at some powerful guitar riffs and slacker vocals that are more than influential. Bring earplugs if you see these guys, they bring the heat. As I mentioned earlier, it’s been way too long since I’ve seen MGMT. I only saw them as an opener for Beck, and although I enjoyed it, there was definitely room for improvement. From the first note of set-opener “Flash Delirium”, I could tell that MGMT were not the same band. They sounded ten times tighter and more confident that they were 5 years ago, almost a new band entirely. Ben – MGMT “Time To Pretend” was the second song played, and immediately upon hearing it I was struck hard with a hit of memories and feelings from my last summer before college. It was amazing to finally get to hear all these songs from their debut album live again, as well as all the psych wonder nuggets from their tremendous follow-up albums, Congratulations, and MGMT. They were joined by Faine Jade, who wrote the track “Introspection” and worked in a mammoth performance of “Of Moons, Birds & Monsters” which is an interestedly different animal live. It really took me off guard by how good that song is live. From there, it was a eclectic mix of all the best tracks from their career, such as “It’s Working”, “Weekend Wars”, and “Alien Days.” They played all 12-minutes plus of “Siberian Breaks” which was mind-blowing, as well as “Electric Feel” and “Kids”, both of which had fans rising from their seats screaming and dancing once the band started playing them. MGMT are one of my favorite bands because they have stayed true to themselves all these years. They could have sold out and altered their sound to create 10 albums worth of songs like “Kids.” But they continued to push the boundaries of their listeners, making music that they believe in. This passion and care is carried over to their live show, which is a powerful force not to miss. It was a long wait to finally see MGMT again, but it was totally worth it. They played most of their new record and some older tracks. Some members of Kuroma joined them onsatge for a few tunes. Sean Lennon was at the show too. (That happens at a lot of big Brooklyn shows.) It was all in all, a fine early Xmas present for a fairly wide-range of alt-rock fans. Find the setlist below, along with a giant collection of photos from all three bands. 1. Flash Delirium 2. Time to Pretend 3. Introspection (With Faine Jade) 4. The Youth 5. Of Moons, Birds & Monsters 6. Mystery Disease 7. It’s Working 8. Weekend Wars 9. I Found a Whistle 10. Siberian Breaks 11. Electric Feel 12. Your Life Is a Lie 13. Kids 14. Cool Song No. 2 15. Alien Days 16. Congratulations Andrew – MGMT Leave a comment Posted in 2013 Upcoming Concerts in NYC, A - MGMT, Pictures Tagged Barclays Center, brooklyn, concert, December 13 2013, Dinosaur-Jr, Kuroma, MGMT “Everything is not OK”: An interview with MGMT Posted by Unruly Hearts on December 10, 2013 Interviewing is the cornerstone of good journalism, and the stories you tell, whether in text form, by way of video or through audio, are only as good as the information you gather. Beyond the research you might weave in and the color you may include from your own observations, there are the all-important interviews — the insights and perspectives you get from people. And we’re talking all different kinds of people, with all different kinds of personalities. This is one of those interviews you wish it would never end because through this great story you learned a lot more about MGMT than through those “reviews” by mainstream music magazines. This is a great interview of Andrew VanWyngarden and Ben Goldwasser by Electronic Beats Magazine, published in Berlin, Germany. How did you get this much out of them – when most interviewers get the punk-ass kids responses?! Andrew and Ben are incredibly thoughtful about their music. Explains why they are the way they are on stage – it’s not easy to throw your gut and soul – especially the stuff of their youth – out in the open for display night after night with complete stranger crowds who say that they love love but then just as quickly stab and drop you as soon as the sound becomes grown up and unfamiliar. MGMT is an experimental, innovative band, one of the best bands we ever had. Enjoy! In the cover story from our new Fall 2013 issue of Electronic Beats Magazine, A.J. Samuels finds out if psych-songsmiths MGMT have burned the bridge back to sanity—and pop—by entering a world of darkness and electronics with their third, self-titled LP. All photos by Miguel Villalobos. Above left to right: Andrew VanWyngarden and Ben Goldwasser Working-class clout has appeared at the heart of the Anglo-American conception of authenticity ever since the late seventies, when narratives of pop music’s blue-collar roots became a kind of common knowledge and the terms “middle class” and “suburban” became epithets. And while a far greater number of American bands have emerged from the ’burbs, most have immortalized their upbringings as boring, dysfunctional, or authoritarian. Not so MGMT’s Ben Goldwasser and Andrew VanWyngarden. Thrust into the limelight in 2008 with their debut LP Oracular Spectacular, the duo’s retrospective soundtrack to an unburdened childhood reserved its few dark moments to describe the approaching specter of adulthood. Five years and one commercial failure later, their self-titled third LP initially picks up where their last album—the Sonic Boom-produced Congratulations—left off. Which is not a bad thing. However, MGMT’s marked Side B moves beyond clever forays into psychedelic pop to a place more disorienting. There, amidst radical deconstructions and Teo Macero-like edits, lurks an experimental spirit that was once fodder for the band’s jokes as prankster students of Anthony Braxton, Ron Kuivila and Alvin Lucier at Wesleyan University. The tables have turned, and now the past is as dark as the future. Or in the words of Ben Goldwasser, “Everything is not OK.” One of the strangest MGMT interviews I’ve seen was Andrew talking to Anton Newcombe of The Brian Jonestown Massacre in a fifty-minute ramble-a-thon in Newcombe’s living room in Berlin. Newcombe did most of the talking. Ben Goldwasser: Whoa, when was that from? It was the night before your show in Berlin in 2010. It’s like a long, awkward chess match of non sequiturs. You can watch it on YouTube. BG: I’ve never seen that! We were hanging out with Will Carruthers from Spectrum and Spacemen 3, and I know he’s a friend of Anton’s, but I had no idea that took place. Andrew VanWyngarden: Yeah, well, Anton’s a pretty far out dude. His girlfriend was in the 8mm Bar, which we happened to pass by, and she came over and was like, “You want to come upstairs to meet Anton?” and so I followed her. His apartment is pretty crazy—I guess you can see it in the video. A lot of cigarette butts everywhere, and guitars too. I’d seen Dig!, and I had met him already at the Accelerator Festival in Stockholm and was aware of his demeanor that’s kind of shape shifting and a little bit wild or something. I had been out to dinner with my ex-girlfriend and then we went to that bar. I actually kind of forgot it happened. I was at the show the night after and that was the first time I’d seen you live. I remember having the impression that you somehow wanted to break free from the crowd’s expectations but you couldn’t. You seemed almost despondent onstage… AVW: I broke up with my ex-girlfriend the day of that show. It was very dramatic and awful. I literally bought her a ticket home and then walked onstage, so I think there was some weird emotional stuff happening. But also touring for Congratulations was totally draining because in interviews we had to defend ourselves and justify our music for some reason. Live it made us feel self-conscious, and we closed up a little bit. Berlin was the tail end of that. The shows this year, however, have been completely different. I still feel anxious onstage, and I wish I could just open up and be free, but I think the lyrics and music for the new album is just so personal and writing it was, well, let’s just say that I find the best thing about the music that Ben and I make is that it’s a result of a very special combination of our two personalities. We’re not prolific. We don’t produce a lot. So whatever comes out are like the little, condensed versions of our lives at that time. It means that the music is very personal and watching crowds who aren’t connecting with it or feeding off of it can be strange. The crowd at the show was incredibly young. What do you think of the youthfulness of your audience? AVW: We get handwritten notes and fan art, and it’s very clear that people have gone as deep into it as one could go and found their own meaning in it, and that’s really satisfying for us—especially when it’s teenagers and young kids in high school going through whatever they’re going through. I did that a lot with bands in high school—Talking Heads was one, The Grateful Dead . . . I actually never got to see a Dead show, but they played in ’94 in Memphis where I grew up, which was a year before Jerry died. I was only eleven, but I had gotten into them because of my sister. I was also very into Phish in high school, and what was cool about that was finding a lot of music and other bands in listening to them and their covers. I actually got into the Velvet Underground through Phish, believe it or not. The same goes for The Pixies and Pavement. All these bands they would randomly cover. But when I got to college and I met Ben and we were exchanging music, there was this exponential growth of different music we were listening to. You both went to Wesleyan University, a small liberal arts college in Connecticut, which has a reputation for fostering an eclectic musical community including people like Anthony Braxton, Alvin Lucier, André Vida, Le1f, Das Racist and Amanda Palmer. How important was that for your musical development? BG: Very important. The thing is, we’re not “cool” people. I grew up in the country and had no real sense of pop culture in the way that the kids I met at college did. I met all these kids who grew up in New York City and who knew about cool underground bands and all that. I didn’t know a ton of stuff, but there was a college radio station I would listen to from Burlington, Vermont, and I had a couple of relatives who would send me mixtapes. But that’s about all I got as for exposure to cool music. A lot of it was just figuring it out on my own, and once the Internet became a place where you could actually find things, it opened up all sorts of doors. At that time it was before a lot of music blogs even existed, so it was always about going on allmusic.com and reading about a band and clicking on the links. That was pretty much how I found out about everything that I knew. There was never a scene I ever belonged to. On the other hand when I got to Wesleyan, my focus soon became experimental music. Ron Kuivila was my adviser, and he does a lot with computer music, programming and synthesis. There’s quite a rich history of that at Wesleyan. John Cage was involved there; David Tudor had his collection of electronic instruments there. I would say that both Andrew and I have learned quite a bit about that approach, although it’s not something that really gets discussed by the press at all. I think we got a lot out of just trying to understand how varied people’s approaches to music have been, many of which are by some people’s standards totally unlistenable, but still really interesting. That’s stuck with us. There’s a long history of middle-class suburban rockers in America, but when it comes to singing about suburbia it mostly gets shit on as being uncool, inauthentic, or neurotic. But you guys seem in contrast to have embraced it. For better or worse, there was no pretending about who you were or where you’re from. AVW: We’ve never denied any part of our upbringing to further any concept of authenticity. Our group of friends at Wesleyan were really into drinking milkshakes and going to the mall and exploring roadside attractions in Connecticut. It was a very American, not big-city style of living. And those were experiences that made life at college special. In terms of music at Wesleyan, I actually took Anthony Braxton’s “Large Ensemble” course twice without really being able to read music, but it didn’t really matter. I remember his scores were interesting because he actually couldn’t even read a lot of them because the time signatures would be like 9/16 or something extremely hard to play on the fly. But the class was amazing because a lot of the time he would go off on these incredible tangents channeling some other stuff. Often he’d end up just talking about pop culture or Alien vs. Predator or Britney Spears. And then he’d interrupt himself and go, “What am I saying? What am I saying?” It was amazing just to observe him, even if I wasn’t properly playing music. But we did play a few of his experimental operas, together with Daniela Gesundheit. who has a really amazing voice. Sam Hillmer of Zs was also there, as was Mary Halverson, who is an incredible guitarist. So experimental music has been an important influence for you both? AVG: Yeah, the scene at Wesleyan was pretty big, and it certainly influenced us, but in a way where we would be in these classes and, well, sometimes it would be really cool and other times it would just get really painful about how academic the approach would be. It was so much more of the concept over anything else. That’s why our early shows and approaches to live performance were drawing on experimentation in sort of a tongue-in-cheek way—a parody almost. We would go to concerts that were stuffy and pretentious, and our way of handling that was to be as stupid as possible. But at the same time it was formative to go through that experience with Ben, taking classes on Well Tempered Clavier or with Alvin Lucier. BG: Experimental music for us is about throwing good taste out the window and seeing how taste is a construction. Music can be all these other things. Right now I personally am fascinated by the idea of taste and playing around with that, poking fun at it or challenging what good taste is. You have to get wet, you can’t just say, “I am above taste. It doesn’t affect me.” I’m sure it affected John Cage, too. That kind of reminds me of the schizophrenic song shifts in “Siberian Breaks” off Congratulations, a good chunk of which sounds like a recontextualized Carly Simon. It’s interesting how something that’s been relegated to adult contemporary limbo can regain relevance through someone else’s filter—like you guys or even through Ariel Pink, or the reemergence of new-age influences over the past six or seven years. It seems that music doesn’t have to appear “important” to contribute to some kind of evolution. BG: It’s funny that there are these standards of what is pop music and what isn’t. I actually almost got into an argument with a journalist over it because he was trying to get me to talk about why MGMT suddenly decided not to make pop music anymore. No! We’re making pop music! Who gets to decide who’s making pop music and who’s not? I also think it’s funny, the whole idea of really pretentious people reading blogs and finding these things that nobody knows about and then as soon as people find out about it, it suddenly becomes not cool anymore. That’s just ridiculous to me. I think it’s important to stay above it in a way, but still not to be too good for it. You never felt possessive about music that you were one of the few who liked or knew about and that then blew up? BG: I felt like that when I was younger, but I grew out of it. Now I get excited if there’s a band I knew about five years ago who I thought nobody cared about and I felt like a dork for listening to. Then I go to some bar in Brooklyn and hear it on a stereo and people get really excited about it. It’s great that people are listening to this great music. It makes me feel like I’m not alone. But New York is a place that can be kind of unforgiving and saturated with bands, and I understand where the cynicism comes from. There are so many things I don’t give a chance just because they’re hyped up. I think a lot of musicians I talk to these days are way too concerned with the commercial side of things and how to market themselves when they should just be making music and not be worrying about outside influences and what people think of what they’re doing. Especially since Congratulations and all the backlash from people who thought we were one thing and they were wrong, we’ve just kind of learned to not try to explain ourselves too much or to correct people. It’s pop music. It’s pop culture. It’s a stupid world in a lot of ways but it’s still fun to be a part of and deconstruct. How did your beginnings as a DIY Karaoke band covering other people’s music shape the way you understand how to compose—or how to deconstruct? AV: I think covering other bands has been extremely important and actually kind of the main theme of the second record, too. Congratulations was in large part an attempt to get into the heads of some of our favorite artists and musicians. And a lot of those people who were the main influences were the guys who were in groups who had some recognition in the sixties and then went off and made their own loner, weirdo solo records, like Skip Spence and Mayo Thompson. I’ve always been drawn to one-off solo ventures. And that’s the side of music we were trying to empathize with on the last record. But it was a really good idea covering-wise to just make music and not think too much about it. During the making of Congratulations you did a whole joke series of Eno’s Oblique Strategies—his aphorism card deck meant to help artists to get beyond creative block. You titled your faux version Obtuse Strategies and supposedly the first one was “Go fuck yourself”—you’ve also named a song after him. BG: If anything, “Brian Eno” is a friendly song. We love Brian Eno, but it’s fun to have a joke song about him just because so many people consider him untouchable. He seems like a guy with a good sense of humor. AVW: Actually, Pete [Kember aka Sonic Boom] was totally into it; he got a big kick out of making different obtuse strategies. We had a whole notebook full of them and a lot were actually a direct take on Eno’s originals. Someone told us that Brian Eno had heard of Obtuse Strategies and thought it was amazing. Maybe he’ll try to claim it for himself. Anyhow, Congratulations made people pay attention to MGMT who otherwise probably would never have given you a chance. The album sounded almost triply refracted, with you channeling Kember’s eighties vision of sixties psychedelia. AVW: I think it’s even further refracted because you look at the bands from the sixties looking at the blues and folk stuff. Pete, being into the Rolling Stones, Electric Prunes and Yardbirds, knew that the bands from the sixties were incorporating a lot of American folk and blues in their heyday. We’d actually never even met him before we started Congratulations, but we were both big Spacemen 3 and Spectrum fans. The first few days he was at the studio in Malibu, he’d put on his iPod at dinner and the songs he’d play for us would just blow our minds. BW: He did a lot of suggesting—playing something in a certain way, recommending music that our playing reminded him of. It wasn’t so much handing the controls over and telling him: “Make some of your cool Spacemen 3 sounds.” We’re pretty comfortable in the studio. Making sounds on our own is what we do. It was a cool collaboration but maybe different from how he’s worked with a lot of people—maybe less hands on, less giving him a really raw thing so he can then determine how it sounds. I think at times we frustrated him because he thought something should sound a certain way and we didn’t. With Oracular Spectacular we were also reluctant to give up any sort of control and wanted to retain as much of the original intention as possible. Actually, I think that there’s something really limiting to that—getting too far inside your own head and losing the ability to censor yourself. On the new record we let producer Dave Fridmann in more than ever before. He can be very neutral, and the last time around we didn’t really ask for his criticism. But this time we did. He ended up kind of reassuring us in the whole process. There is a lot more of Fridmann’s touch on MGMT. He’s known best for his work with the Flaming Lips and MGMT sounds very much in the vein of The Soft Bulletin, with the monumental pumping drums and the jungle of synths. Actually, it doesn’t sound so far away from the last Flaming Lips album, The Terror, either. AVW: I can say as Flaming Lips fans and Dave Fridmann fans long before we worked with either, it’s really hard to go into Tar Box Road Studios and play a drumbeat that doesn’t sound like something off Soft Bulletin… BG: Andrew and I had set up all of this equipment, a lot of analogue synths and sequencers and drum machines hooked up together. We would just hit record and end up with literally hours of music, mostly improvised without a set idea of what we were going to do. We built up so much material, and then we got really intimidated by what to do with it for the next step. We knew there were some really good moments in it, but we didn’t know what to do with it. Dave stepped up, which allowed us to be much more editors than composers because for me a lot of compositional stuff is kind of boring. I don’t want to sound like a jerk, but I hear so much music where I just wonder, “Who do you want to impress with your compositional prowess? Great, your songs have a bunch of complicated parts, but who cares?” We just made this stuff, and we didn’t know what it is or where it came from, but we thought why don’t we just take the best parts and fit them together? When you worked with Fridmann on Oracular Spectacular you brought a lot of the really lo-fi tracks you recorded on your own, and he managed to combine them with all of his hi-fi studio wizardry. It’s as if that very particular sound—copied and coveted the world over—was born out of this unlikely pairing of amateurism and expertise. BG: The funny thing is that back then we’d sometimes complain like, “We’re in this fancy studio—aren’t you going to take what we did and make it sound better? Aren’t you going to rerecord everything using all these nice microphones?” I don’t know if we really got the point across then, but at the time for him it was much more exciting to use our crappy demos and the idiosyncrasies inherent in our initial recordings and transform them instead of making a real slick sounding recording. He did kind of a similar thing with Kevin Parker from Tame Impala, who is totally self-taught in terms of recording. Dave used his uniqueness as an important part of their sound, too. On the other hand, I’m just so excited that anyone can make a record these days. Plug-ins are getting so good now. Everybody talks about how analogue is better, and maybe it is for some things, but I don’t know . . . I think it’s way cooler that anybody can make a good sounding record in their bedroom. My friend Carolyn [Polachek] from Chairlift is recording an entire album using the mics from her MacBook. Molly Nilsson has recorded every single album like that. BG: I think it’s something in hindsight people will recognize more. People think it’s an internal mic on a laptop so it must be crappy. But these days people fetishize four-track recordings and attach all this mojo to it that in the past nobody would have ever done. Getting back to the new album, MGMT, I think really seems to have two sides, like tape or vinyl. Side A is more classically song oriented, while Side B has the darker, deconstructive, more experimental edits where song structures or harmonic structures emerge in quite unexpected ways. BG: Actually, a lot of the music on the second half of this album has no harmonic structure at all. It’s just so many layers on top of each other and a lot of things tonally that won’t fit together in a traditional sense. But that’s been done before. I suppose “Astromancy” has ended up being my favorite song, which is the one we finished last. It’s a song where nothing fits together and there’s all sorts of space in between the sounds, which disallows you to concentrate on a single thing. All of the sonic elements appear to be trying to divert your attention. I think it invites a different way of listening. AVW: Everything changes on the second half of the album. On certain tracks like “I Love You Too, Death” we both were interested in the simplicity of something like “Dream Baby Dream” by Suicide or stuff by Disco Inferno, and we were trying to attain a song shape that we’ve never crafted before—pretty much like a rising line, a train which accelerates and then just cuts off. No verse, no chorus. Just building momentum. On the first half of the album I was intrigued by the contrast between the poppier arrangements on the one hand and much darker lyrics on the other. It reminded me of a specific kind of pop song, like VU’s “Who Loves The Sun?” or The Stone Roses’ “I Wanna Be Adored”—that’s how I hear the single “Life Is a Lie”, for example. AVW: “I don’t have to sell my soul / He’s already in me…” BG: In some ways I would say this album is more optimistic than Congratulations because it’s more about empowerment. It’s about saying we’re all strong enough to look all these scary things in the face and deal with them. I’m so sick of all this indie rock that’s coming out that’s about finding a space where everything is OK and telling everyone they’re safe and sound. Everything is not OK and everyone should know that. But we can deal with it. I don’t think this album is dark or depressing. It’s reality. It’s about freaking yourself out in a good way and getting more real. It’s not about “Everything sucks.” We’re all going to make things better and become better people if we confront those lies. AVW: It’s weird because for all three albums the music has come first for pretty much every song. So when it comes to writing lyrics, I’m not sure if I somehow want there to be a big disparity between the feeling of the music and the tone of the lyrics. I do think, consciously or not, that disparity has been part of the spirit of the band from the beginning. We had a little EP that we made as seniors in college called We Care/We Don’t Care. To me, it was a sign that we always wanted two opposing things happening at once. But like Ben said, I think there were much darker moments on Congratulations, though MGMT has more of what you’re talking about. An hour and a half into improvising, with twelve different things going at once, we would look at each other and not know where the sounds were coming from or who was making what. There, an otherworldly thing that happens. A lot of the new songs are about a relationship to some intangible enlightenment, an inherent drive to attain a deeper answer—and the frustration of not being able to pay attention long enough to start down that road. BG: I think Andrew is way more into the mystical side of things, and I’m way more into rational science and math stuff. I don’t have a lot of tolerance for the mystical and superstition, whereas he really loves getting into that. Every now and again we’ll have an argument about it, but we still love each other. That’s funny, Ben, because I had the impression that you were religious, based on a quote I found online in the Jewish Chronicle: “I am unavoidably, ineradicably, Jewish. It’s in my heart, my head and my blood.” BG: I didn’t say that! They totally took my quote out of context—or rather they entirely made it up. But you can’t really do anything about it. I don’t even think that many people read it, but it sucks when people feel like they have to make up something to make their story better. I don’t identify with any religion at all but I’m really interested in all religions. I would never want to associate myself with just one of them. So you’re agnostics when it comes to religion—and equally as cagey when it comes to politics? You’ve described the new album as “prismatically post-political”. What does that mean? BG: Andrew writes the lyrics, but I can say that things are approaching the point of becoming completely ridiculous in terms of some of what America is doing. It’s getting to the point where I really can’t say that I trust the government to do what’s best for me at all. But at the same time it doesn’t have anything to do with political parties. I just don’t feel safe at this point. I don’t have complete confidence that people in this country can just take their freedom for granted the way they have been for a long time. In what sense? BG: There are some basic freedoms that people should have that are being systematically violated, and that’s scary. But a lot of overtly political music annoys me. Music is a higher art and not just about topical songs. For me, it’s about sound and having a transcendental experience through sound, and I think words can sometimes get in the way of that if they’re too literal… AVW: You know, our music isn’t topical in the sense of having an obvious connection to any political movement or current event. The music is more addressing the feelings we get when we ask ourselves if and how we want to address that stuff. It’s more connecting to a current consciousness or feeling that, having played shows all over the world and meeting lots of people, seems common everywhere. Like Ben said, it’s way bigger than political parties, but it’s also very hard to define or talk about it. However, I know it exists. I think of it as a sensation where everything appears OK but with an underlying sense that it’s all wrong. It’s hard to say why and even when you try to say why it’s like that, something cuts you off. I’m not good at describing or defining it. It’s fear. Without being totally aware of it, I’ve been living my life since high school assuming that everything I type or write or every website I go to, somebody else is seeing it. I think a lot of other people feel the same way, but it wasn’t until more recently that most people stopped thinking just casually about it and started thinking that it was fucked up. Ben and I stay pretty up to date with the news, but we never really want to put it in our music unless it’s in an encrypted manner. I don’t know if that’s about a fear of directly addressing it, but if someone were to come out and go full Bob Dylan, I don’t know if it would even fit in this day and age. It’s strange, but one of the most fitting lyrics on the new album that describes you as a band comes in your Faine Jade cover… AVW: I know what you mean: “Striving for perfection / hiding when it comes.” Leave a comment Posted in A - MGMT, Music Interviews Tagged Andrew VanWyngarden, Anton Newcombe, Ben Goldwasser, Brooklyn NYC, Congratulations, Electronic Beats magazine, Germany, interview, MGMT, psychedlic rock band MGMT Band Concert at Barclays Center, Brooklyn, NY Fri, Dec 13, 2013 08:00 PM Posted by Unruly Hearts on December 6, 2013 Tickets are not available at the box office during the first day of public on sale Fri, Dec 13, 2013 08:00 PM MGMT Band MGMT is an American psychedelic rock band founded by Benjamin Goldwasser and Andrew VanWyngarden. After the release of their first album, the members of their live band, Matthew Asti, James Richardson and Will Berman, joined the core band in the studio. The Brooklyn experimental rockers released their self-titled third album in 2013 while continuing to play headlining concert dates and festivals all over the world. Fans scooped up tickets to hear songs like “Kids,” “Electric Feel,” and “Congratulations.” The band’s singular style of psychedelic rock, which integrates plenty of electronica elements, was forged beginning in 2002 by founders Ben Goldwasser and Andrew VanWyngarden when they were freshmen at Wesleyan University in Connecticut. Their debut album, Oracular Spectacular, was released in 2006, and MGMT started gaining fans with the help of their opening sets for trend-setting acts like Of Montreal, Radiohead, and Beck. By 2009, MGMT could count Paul McCartney among their growing stable of fans, and they landed a spot opening for the ex-Beatle at Boston’s Fenway Park. On tour, the five-piece group has been known to augment the flower-power vibe of their music by projecting repeated colorful, kaleidoscopic images and other random visuals on a backdrop behind the stage. Lead singer: Andrew VanWyngarden (2002–) Members: Andrew VanWyngarden, Benjamin Goldwasser, Matt Asti, Will Berman, Hank Sullivant, James Richardson Origin: Brooklyn, NY, Middletown, CT Leave a comment Posted in 2012-2013 Upcoming Concerts, A - MGMT Tagged 2013, Barclays Center, Brookly NYC, brooklyn band, friday Dec 13, get tickets now!, MGMT, psychedelic rock, upcoming concert MGMT’s new video for “Alien Days” has just premiered on Noisey! Watch it here! Posted by Unruly Hearts on November 3, 2013 The band’s North American tour kicks off November 10th at Fun Fun Fun Festival in Austin and culminates with a hometown celebration at Barclays Center in Brooklyn on December 13th. Ticketing information is available here. “Alien Days” is from MGMT’s self-titled third album which was released on September 17. Every configuration of the album comes with a free download of the “Optimizer”, a complete audio + visual experience. For more information, watch Inside the “Optimizer” here http://youtu.be/uDWGgQIHQho Get the record here: http://smarturl.it/MGMT Leave a comment Posted in A - MGMT, Music Videos Tagged Alien Days, MGMT, new video, psychedelic music, watch it here!. music	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line579
__label__cc	0.671933	0.328067	About AIRNow \| AIRNow Partners \| FAQs State: Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District Of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming U.S. Air Quality Summary (text) The URL for the site has changed. Please update your links for the new home page of http://www.airnow.gov. If you have not linked from an existing page, please check for typographical errors in the URL you entered. Privacy and Security \| Accessibility \| Contact Us AIRNow on Facebook Subscribe to RSS Follow Us on Twitter	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line580
__label__wiki	0.736845	0.736845	Mexico: More than the wall Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Machines/Engineering Trump’s threats to revise NAFTA and build a wall at the Mexican border could offer new trade opportunities for businesses in relations with Mexico. While Trump’s border wall continues to dominate the conversation about Mexico, the potential for altered trade arrangements have a larger chance of having large-scale effects on the country’s economy. Trump’s threats to revise NAFTA agreements and build a wall at the Mexican border could offer new export trade opportunities for businesses in commercial relations with Mexico. The EU-Mexico Free Trade Agreement – first enacted in 2000 – is on the table for revisions and improvements. An updated deal would likely boost trade in agricultural products. The most promising sectors for commercial investment in Mexico are energy, environmental technologies, public transport, construction, public works and automotive. President Trump’s enthusiasm for building a wall at the Mexican border to prevent the arrival of illegal immigrants in the U.S. continues to produce uncertainty across the American continent. Mexico initially reacted to this threat with indignation, until the propaganda storm cleared and it became clear that Trump’s dream of a wall was not taken seriously by others in his administration. What the Mexican government has taken seriously, however, is Trump’s call to the U.S. automotive industry to dismantle its Mexican assembly chains or face high duty taxes on returning finished products to the U.S. Trump’s argument is that this will be a step toward returning Detroit factories to their former success. Trade threats like this are taken more seriously than generic proclamations against immigration because they are more realistic in terms of feasibility. Trade threats also have the potential to cause widespread economic damage. But the wall continues to dominate the conversations about Mexico. Why? Because Trump is harnessing one of the most powerful tools in storytelling: He’s using a symbol. Like Herman Melville’s white whale in Moby Dick, the wall captures the imagination, inciting long-term mental closures that could very well be translated into the real world in the form of unilateral revision of the Free-trade Agreements and the introduction of import duties on foreign products in the U.S. Paradoxically, however, some in the Mexican administration would be happy to see borders raised between the two countries, even if only on paper in the form of stricter customs barriers. Josè Guerra Abud, the Mexican ambassador to Italy, for instance, recently argued that Trump’s threat of closure might be beneficial to Mexico. He stated that the economy of his country is too closely tied to the United States, and Mexican entrepreneurs would do well to look for other markets in Latin America, Europe and Asia. Since NAFTA was enacted in 1994, trade between Canada, the U.S., and Mexico has grown exponentially. Trade between the U.S. and its southern neighbor has nearly quadrupled: the value of Mexican exports to the U.S. is currently more than $300 billion, and trade industries employ half a million Mexicans. According to analysts, this growth is largely due not to new wealth, but rather to the redistribution of resources away from Mexico’s primary trading partners pre-NAFTA. In this sense, then, Trump’s protectionist turn could help Mexico further diversify its export destinations and reduce its overdependence on the US for its foreign trade. Currently Mexico has 12 Free-Trade-Agreements with 46 countries in place, and is focusing on strengthening trade ties with the EU, Mercosur, and Asia. With more than 100 million consumers in Mexico, this market diversification policy could offer suppliers from other countries opportunities to commercially penetrate one of the Latin American markets with the most commercial potential. Mexico is part of the G20 and the OECD and has greater economic stability than many other Latin American countries. It also has a population of 120 million people, about half of whom are under 30 years old – a key indicator of a growing emerging market. Mexico’s economic performance also tells a promising story: GDP growth slowed down in 2016, but still increased by 2.0%, the government deficit is at 2.6% of GDP and public debt at 50.2%. With these strong credentials, a new trade agreement with the European Union could ultimately prove to be the more realistic and immediate opportunity. Indeed, recent months have seen an acceleration of the negotiations aimed at renewing and extending the Free Trade Agreement between Mexico and the European Union, entered into force in 2000. Meetings have already occurred in Mexico City in April and June. By all appearances, a renewed trade agreement with Mexico would benefit the EU, too. Since the existing agreement came into force, trade volumes between the EU and Mexico have tripled, and the annual value of goods trade is currently at €53 billion. The balance here favors the European Union, which in 2016 exported €33 billion in goods and services to Mexico. Key EU exports to Mexico include machinery, transport equipment, chemical products, fuels and mining products . Trade deals which are likely to require longer negotiations, include possible free-trade-agreements with potential trade partners in Mercosur, and Asia Pacific. In Mercosur, Mexico is trying to pursue closer ties with Brazil and Argentina – both major exporters of agricultural products - in order to meet its national agricultural needs. Furthermore it is discussing bilateral deals with Australia and New Zealand, two other important food-exporting countries. Opportunities for Investment The main investment opportunities in Mexico primarily concern the energy sector, both for the exploration and exploitation of Mexico’s huge offshore oil fields and for the development of renewable energies. Mexico is aiming to increase its use of renewable energy from 25% to 35% of energy consumption by 2024. Demand for environmental technologies and services in Mexico are also growing: Water treatment, urban solid waste treatment, and public transport will surely be welcome in a country where, in recent years, climate and environmental emergencies have increased alongside population and economic growth. Construction and public works offer a third investment opportunity. This is particularly true in the areas of civilian housing and infrastructure works – roads, highways, railways, ports, airports – which the government is promoting to accelerate modernization. A key sector remains the automotive industry. Many car manufacturers, have factories in Mexico, making the country the seventh largest car manufacturer in the world. More than 600 automotive companies have been established in Mexico over the last few years, and by 2023 automotive production is expected to quadruple from 2016 levels. The first hint of spring is in the air leaving this Economic Outlook in a position of cautious optimism. Mexico is likely to weather a storm from the North High uncertainty surrounding NAFTA renegotiations and other US policy directions in international trade, and specifically targeting Mexico, could adversely affect sentiment and investment. US developments put emerging markets on alert Developments in the US related to the election of Donald Trump and its expected effect on the US monetary policy path and international trade introduce significant uncertainty for EMEs in 2017.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line583
__label__cc	0.679053	0.320947	Start Your Free Trial Now... Looking For A Shag? Local Horny Sex Partners Search For Free Find A Shag In Rockhampton Tonight? With many members online right now in Rockhampton, Shag Me All Night is a busy no strings sex dating website. Look who's just signed up in Rockhampton... Want to see more of our members in Rockhampton? View Horny Women, or Horny Men. Want a peep at a few horny members near you? We have many horny female and male members in every city across the country looking for no strings fun. See who is looking near you... Select your city: Adelaide Albany Alice Springs Albury-Wodonga Ballarat Bathurst Bendigo Bunbury Bundaberg Burnie-Devonport Brisbane Cairns Canberra-Queanbeyan Central Coast Coffs Harbour Darwin Devonport Dubbo Geelong Geraldton Gladstone Gold Coast-Tweed Heads Hervey Bay Hobart Kalgoorlie-Boulder Latrobe Valley Launceston Lismore Mackay Maitland Melbourne Melton Mildura Mount Gambier Newcastle Nowra-Bomaderry Orange Palmerston Perth Port Macquarie Richmond-Windsor Rockhampton Shepparton-Mooroopna Sunbury Sunshine Coast Sydney Tamworth Traralgon Toowoomba Townsville-Thuringowa Wagga Wagga Warrnambool Whyalla Wollongong Or your region: Australian Capital Territory New South Wales Northern Territory Queensland South Australia Tasmania Victoria Western Australia Search for fuck buddies looking for sex near you Our goal is to make finding sex buddies near you as easy as possible. Give our sex buddy search form a bash... I'm looking for: A Woman A Man Located in: Australian Capital Territory New South Wales Northern Territory Queensland South Australia Tasmania Victoria Western Australia Aged between: 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90+ and 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90+ What Is Shag Me All Night Rockhampton? Shag Me All Night is a busy Rockhampton shag finder service. Anyone over 18 can join for free and view all their easy sex matches both locally around Rockhampton and from across the whole country. Our service is 100% confidential, 100% secure and so easy to use, even a hamster could use the service (although we don't condone that type of thing). Why not sign up now and get on with it! Find A Shag In Rockhampton Tonight Whether you're looking for a regular fuck buddy or just a one off shag, you've come to the right place. Everyone who joins our website, has joined for exactly the same reason you are here today, sex in Rockhampton!! So there's none of that long and boring hoit or miss chatting up happening here. Just cut to the chase and see what's on offer. If you want something kinky, just ask. Local Girls For Sex There's probably a girl or a guy just around the corner gagging for some no strings sex. But what are you going to do about it? You can't just go knocking on doors, asking who's up for it. You'll probably find the police knocking on your door before long. Save yourself the touble... and crimial record by using our simple search tools. You can find a stud or dirty slag in Rockhampton, or search a bit furhter from home.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line584
__label__wiki	0.579464	0.579464	Home NEWS Business News Vietnam Airlines receives third Skytrax certificate Vietnam Airlines receives third Skytrax certificate Vietnam Airlines has been recognized as a four-star international airline for the third consecutive year, meeting the rigorous assessment of Skytrax after choosing to improve the quality of its products and services to reach further into the international aviation market. On July 17 in London, Vietnam Airlines again received the four-star international airline certificate from Skytrax. This third time was no surprise and demonstrates its efforts to satisfy customers. Positioning itself as a world-class airline, plans to upgrade the quality of its products and services from ground to air were put together in 2014 and 2015. From the convenience of its website, ticketing services, the friendliness of its staff at check-in counters, and comfort and convenience in its domestic and international lounges to safety, to cleanliness and comfort, business class dinners, seating arrangements, and entertainment programs on long journeys; all have undergone upgrades every year as part of meeting Skytrax’s criteria. Change continues at the national flag carrier. Implementing its strategy of promoting Vietnamese cuisine, it has selected Vietnamese-Australian chef Luke Nguyen as its Global Cuisine Ambassador from 2018 to 2020. With the chef’s advice, Vietnam Airlines has brought elements of northern, central and southern culture and Hue into its cuisine. From familiar noodles to seasonal fruit such as lychee and longan, the cuisine has become an unforgettable element of a flight with Vietnam Airlines. The recent introduction of dishes exclusively for Japanese passengers on Vietnam – Japan flights is also considered a breakthrough in its dining services. At airports, Vietnam Airlines will re-arrange check-in counters for Business Class passengers, priority passengers. and members of its Golden Lotus Program. From September, Business Class passengers will have improved seating and be given quilts and pajamas on international flights to the UK, France, Germany, Australia and Russia, to help them feel comfortable on the long journey. Hundreds of TV shows, music listings, and Hollywood movies will be added to its in-flight entertainment. Skytrax objectively evaluated the carrier’s efforts to bring the highest quality products and services to passengers. This is the basis for Vietnam Airlines to continue investing to best meet the expectations of passengers, from ground to flight- Vietnam Economic Times.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line585
__label__wiki	0.908142	0.908142	Apple’s Hollywood A-lister pitch for entertainment streaming service still leaves consumers asking questions This time around, the focus won’t be on the next must-have device. With iPhone sales showing signs of fatigue, the event is intended to draw attention to the company’s billion-dollar-plus bet on entertainment, an initiative that will put Apple in direct competition with Netflix, Amazon and HBO. The premiere date for the service is getting closer, with the first of a dozen or more shows likely to start streaming before the year is out. At next week’s presentation, Apple is expected to reveal details of what it has been working on with stars from both sides of the camera like Reese Witherspoon, Jennifer Aniston, Brie Larson, Jason Momoa, Octavia Spencer, J.J. Abrams, M. Night Shyamalan and Steven Spielberg. The tag line, “It’s show time,” appeared prominently on the invitations. For many of the show-business people, this will be their first trip to Cupertino, the corporate home of their new patrons. Apple didn’t need stars before, but it needs them now. Although the company was the first publicly traded American firm to be valued above $US1 trillion ($1.4 trillion), its most recent earnings report showed flat profits and falling revenue. So the plan is not only to sell devices, but to fill them with content. That has led the company into the alien territory of Hollywood, where local customs can clash with Silicon Valley folkways. Apple is a relatively late arrival to streaming. Netflix, Amazon and Hulu have offered original programming for several years and are now formidable presences at the Emmys. In 2018, there were nearly 500 scripted television shows available in the United States, with Netflix spending at least $US8 billion on new content. Amazon, the Walt Disney and Warner Media have increased their programming budgets to keep pace. Hollywood A-listers will descend on the Steve Jobs Theater next week to hear details of Apple’s lineup. Credit:Bloomberg Apple has decided to put more emphasis on its services — think Apple Music and Apple Pay — to increase revenues. The strategy will include an expansion of Apple News, which is expected to be highlighted at the showcase, and the star-studded streaming service. Apple has negotiated with the likes of HBO, Starz and Showtime to populate its screens, Bloomberg has reported, but the centerpiece will be original programming. The event at the Apple Park campus in Cupertino is also meant to drive home — for iPhone fans and anyone in Hollywood who hasn’t been paying attention — just how many shows Apple has pulled together. Five series have completed filming. Around a half dozen more are on the verge of wrapping production, according to several people familiar with the shows who were not authorized to speak publicly. And the number of original productions is expected to increase in 2020. With all that new material, Apple will transform itself, seemingly overnight, from a tech giant into a more general enterprise, with a slate of original entertainment offerings sizable enough to put it in a league with Showtime, Hulu or FX. Interviews with more than a dozen people who have had dealings with Apple, all of whom said they couldn’t speak publicly about private discussions, suggest that, while the producers and stars appreciate having another deep-pocketed company to pitch, they also have … well, let’s call them concerns. Those concerns have arisen from the culture clash that may inevitably come about when a tech company that is used to guarding its trade secrets gets involved in show business, which runs on a stream of conversation, much of it of the just-between-us variety. Players expect to be kept in the loop. But many of the people working with Apple said they have received little or no information on how, exactly, their shows will be released. Or even when they will be released, other than a vague assurance of “later this year, probably fall.” They also don’t have a clear idea of Apple’s marketing plans for the shows. Or what their colleagues in the newly built Apple stable are up to. Apple’s entertainment team is based in Culver City, California, historically a center of moviemaking. It is led by two former Sony television executives, Jamie Erlicht and Zack Van Amburg, under the watch of the senior vice president of internet software and services, Eddy Cue. Cue hired the Sony veterans in 2017, after Apple rolled out its first original series, a reality show called Planet of the Apps which was a dud. About $US1 billion was set aside for them to spend on programming, and they have blown well past that amount by now. While Apple may be a late arrival to the streaming party, its showcase will take place 2 1/2 weeks before Disney is expected to preview elements of its new streaming platform, and many months before Warner Media provides details of its version. Apple’s entertainment team has not been totally opaque. It has provided feedback to individuals involved in the shows, but it has been tight-lipped about the marketing and rollout plans. The March 25 event may allay Hollywood’s concerns, but several people involved in the new programs have interpreted the lack of communication as a sign that there may not be a clear game plan. M. Night Shyamalan has an Apple project in the works. Credit:AP People involved in the coming series also said that Apple executives had expressed squeamishness when it comes to the portrayal of technology in the shows — how exactly are you using that iPhone? Or that Mac laptop? Apple was sensitive to a reputation it earned, early on, as a home for uplifting programming, with little or no room for the gritty antihero fare that has defined many critically acclaimed series over the last two decades, from The Sopranos onward. Executives at the company bristled when they discovered there would be scenes involving crucifixes in Shyamalan’s new thriller for the service, as The Wall Street Journal reported in September. But Apple ultimately allowed the crucifixes to remain, according to two people familiar with the series. Apple had no comment on any aspect of its streaming plans. Hollywood’s concerns have not prevented big names from making deals with the company. In all, Apple has ordered roughly two dozen series from the likes of Oprah Winfrey, Damien Chazelle, Chris Evans and others. The producer J.J. Abrams has two Apple series in the works, one with Jennifer Garner, who played the lead in the Abrams-produced ABC series Alias and a musical show starring singer-songwriter Sara Bareilles that is about to go into production. Apple has also given the green light to animated “Peanuts” specials and children’s shows made with Sesame Workshop, and it plans to round out its offerings with films it has acquired recently at Sundance and the Toronto International Film Festival. how white nationalist ideas made their way into our political debate Kaley Cuoco reveals Big Bang Theory could’ve been very different	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line586
__label__cc	0.622892	0.377108	Candy Crush Saga is a match-three puzzle video game released by King on April 12 Candy Crush Saga is a match-three puzzle video game released by King on April 12, 2012 for Facebook, and on November 14, 2012 for iOS, Android, Fire OS, Windows Phone, Windows 10 and Tizen. As of March 2013, Candy Crush Saga surpassed FarmVille 2 as the most popular game on Facebook, with 46 million average monthly users. It is a variation on their browser game Candy Crush. In November 2013, the “Dreamworld” expansion was launched, creating nocturnal-themed but more difficult versions of previously released levels. In December 2014, the game was released for Windows Phone. The game is periodically updated, adding new “episodes” and more playable levels; new levels are updated first on Facebook followed by Android and iPhone. Candy Crush Saga has “episodes” of 15 levels each (the first two “episodes” have only 10 levels). An update to the game in November 27, 2013 added the “Dreamworld” levels, giving players the opportunity to replay older levels with a new mechanic, which was also periodically updated. As of July 2015, the Facebook edition has over 1100 regular levels with new levels added regularly, while Dreamworld concluded at 665 levels. How To Download Easily In order to download your file you need to follow all the steps provided below. If you won’t follow the steps, you can’t get your file. STEP #1 : Click on the Download button provided below !! (Click on White Button On Step #2 To download ! ) STEP #2 : Click Here ! STEP #3 : After you click on it ! You may redirect to a page. if you can’t get your file tap below in step #4 !! STEP #5 : Hence, You have successfully downloaded your file enjoy ! Feature Of Candy Crush Saga MOD APK A major growing concern amongst the android game makers is in the form of the gamer switching between the games because getting bored due to the repeated usage and the limited gaming content eventually leading to the downfall of the game. This is when the makers decided to create the game that will provide the gamer with something new every time and they achieved this feat by introducing hundreds of difficulty levels and various gaming modes which will put the skills of the gamer and is built with a unique characteristic. The gamer has to complete the given mode within the provided maximum moves. At times, when we climb up the ladder to higher levels, this task gets extremely difficult. But there is no need to worry because the makers introduced various cheats which will make your gameplay simple and can be unlocked by the gamer during the course of the game. With benefits like a complete candy type being vanished or getting extra moves when you are about to run out makes the gaming more interesting and engaging. The success of any modern day game is dependent on the user interface that simply means the ease with which the game can actually use the basic features of the gameplay. The makers were completely aware of this fact and decided to build a gameplay which is based on the most simple user interface which can be understood and enjoyed by everyone irrespective of the technical knowledge. You can scroll through the candies by a simple swipe on the screen. The fun and excitement of enjoying any game goes to another domain once the user is provided with a choice of playing the game with the friends making the gameplay more enriching. This is what the makers capitalised on when they introduced the 3 saga which can be completed alone or with your friends. The game also provides the feeling of accomplishment in the form of the daily rewards which can be unlocked everyday by the gamer which assist the gamer. Has it ever happened with you that when you are playing a high difficulty level on the game or are at a crucial point of the mode and suddenly you run out of battery or the game crashes and your progress is lost and you have to start from scratch, a very frustrating feeling right! No need to worry because the game comes with an auto save feature and compatibility feature where you can access your saved game of the android phone on a tablet or any other android device without having to start from the beginning. THE EFFECTS OF COMPUTER GAMING OF THE SHS MARITIME STUDENTS TOWARDS THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CEBU – LAPU LAPU AND MANDAUE CEBU CITY Table of Contents TOC o “1-3” h z u CHAPTER ONE PAGEREF _Toc512752457 h 21 A Project Report On EMOTION DETECTOR Submitted By Shakibur Rahman ID Apple launched IOS in 2007 A Project Report on “Understanding Income Tax in India” Carried out at H Menopause is an important part of women’s reproductive health that is characterised by the loss of ovarian function because of reduced oestrogen secretion The procedure of an abortion was a crime in Canada until 1988	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line588
__label__wiki	0.709847	0.709847	Band Aid 30 teams up with WholeWorldBand for the Band Aid Challenge Rounik Sethi on Dec 09, 2014 in News 0 comments The innovators over at WholeWorldBand have joined forces with Band Aid 30 to create the Band Aid Challenge. If you don't know WholeWorldBand it gives you the ability to collaborate in unexpected ways! Dublin, Ireland, Monday 8th December 2014 – Today sees the release of the Band Aid 30 single, and the launch of the Band Aid Challenge. Already the fastest selling download of the year, Band Aid founder Bob Geldof is hoping to expand on its success with a viral social media challenge similar to the Ice Bucket Challenge. Band Aid 30 are asking people to sing Bono’s line “Tonight we’re reaching out and touching you” and then nominating three friends to do likewise on social media. All that people need to do to join the Band Aid Challenge is to download the free WholeWorldBand app for iPhone and iPad and join in the Band Aid 30 video. The app uses the device’s built-in microphone and camera and can automatically create a video mix featuring the original Band Aid 30 artists plus up to 5 other people singing along with the song. Each new video mix can then be shared to YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter, and the creator can nominate their friends to add to it using the hashtag #BandAid30. For every singer participating in the Band Aid Challenge, £1.40 will be collected for the Band Aid 30 appeal to aid in the fight against Ebola in West Africa. The Band Aid 30 single features Bono, Coldplay’s Chris Martin, One Direction, Ellie Goulding, Emeli Sande and Ed Sheeran, among others, but Bob Geldof is hoping to add many more for the Band Aid Challenge. “I’ve got a bunch of celebs lined-up who are going to do it.” says Geldof. “We need to keep up momentum. I want us to raise about £5 million but we need people to understand that we’ve only got three weeks to make a difference.” The WholeWorldBand app is available for free download now from Apple’s App Store: http://goo.gl/AgMwZ7 ipad music ipad musician Rounik Sethi Rounik is the Executive Editor for Ask.Audio & macProVideo. He's built a crack team of professional musicians and writers to create one of the most visited online resources for news, review, tutorials and interviews for modern musician and producer. As an Apple Certified Trainer for Logic Pro Rounik has taught teachers, professional... Read More Singing with Tammy Scheffer Vocal Techniques 101 10. How to Sing in Tune 20. Why Singers Need to Learn Harmony ULTIMATE PATCHES Presents ARTURIA MINIBRUTE ULTIMATE PATCHES (VOLUMES I+2)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line589
__label__wiki	0.518297	0.518297	Before you Arrive Guide 26 September, 2018 Nicole 0 Plan your trip carefully before you arrive in Barcelona with the ultimate “Before you Arrive Guide”. We sometimes get to our destination without really knowing about it. Instead, we make decisions based on the weather, the main attractions or our personal interests. Am I right? That’s why we decided to write a “Before you Arrive Guide”. Before you Arrive – Location Barcelona is on the northeast coast of the Iberian Peninsula, facing the Mediterranean Sea. Catalonia is one of the 17 autonomous communities in Spain. The capital of Catalonia is Barcelona. The other communities in Catalonia are Girona (Costa Brava), Tarragona (Costa Daurada) and Lleida. Barcelona has 1,62 million inhabitants and the whole of Catalonia has 7,51 million. The Mediterranean climate has mild winters, hot summers and rainy autumns and springs. In Catalonia people speak Catalan but also Spanish and sometimes English. Barcelona is so multicultural that everyone can communicate somehow. Locals refer to Barcelona as “Barna” or “BCN” for short but never Barça as that’s the nickname for F.C Barcelona. Finally, Catalonia’s government is called La Generalitat. Barcelona is the 4th smartest city in Europe and the 5th city in the world to have a goof quality of life. It’s also the 20th-most-visited city in the world and the 5th in Europe. Moreover, it hosts 9 World Heritage UNESCO sites. Some of them are Palau Güell, Sagrada Família, La Pedrera, Casa Battló, the Crypt of Colonia Güell or Palau de la Música Catalana. Culture and Traditions Catalonia has its own identity, traditions and culture and it’s certainly different from the rest of Spain. Barcelona celebrates its biggest festivity La Mercè on the 24th of September. It’s the patron saint of Barcelona and it’s become a well-known celebration among locals and tourists. There’s a full program of activities during 4 days. The Catalan National Day, also known as Diada, is on the 11th of September. Saint George is on the 23rd of April and it’s Catalonia’s patron saint. It’s similar to “Saint Valentine’s Day”. Moreover, Castellers are the human towers which are quite entertaining. Other Catalan traditions are the Correfoc, with music, fire and giant beasts performing on the street. And finally, elderly people dance Sardana on a Sunday or on special dates. Catalans usually start work at around 9AM until 2PM. Then, they have an hour break and they return to work at 3PM until 6PM (it can vary). Retail shops often stay open from 10AM to 8PM, although they close on Sundays. Partying in Spain and in Catalonia is quite the same. Party starts at 11PM and usually ends at 6AM. Try the after-party breakfast (churros and chocolate) in a Cafe. Restaurants are usually open from 12 o’clock. However, Catalans have their food a bit later, around 2PM or even 3PM on a Sunday. It’s a common mistake to think that paella is an authentic Catalan dish as it’s actually from Valencia. Some of the typical Catalan dishes are: pa amb tomàquet (bread with spread tomato), escalivada (salad made with peppers, aubergines and other vegetables), botifarra amb mongetes (big sausage and beans) or the crema catalana (a delicious dessert made with custard). Categories: Travel Tips Essential tips to survive in Barcelona How to move around in Barcelona what to do on a rainy day in Barcelona How to be a good Tourist Disability Tourism in Barcelona	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line592
__label__wiki	0.634441	0.634441	Yet Another Seized Hamptons Property Will Soon Be on the Market June 20, 2019 By Laura Euler We guess that when you're a resort community for Wall Street, as the Hamptons are, having your neighbor's property seized by the Department of Justice is one of those things that happens every now and again. (See also: Madoff, B., former resident of Montauk and now in Butner federal prison; Manafort, P., former Bridgehampton resident and now believed to be in a Manhattan lockup. The feds just listed Manafort's Trump Tower condo today for $3.6 million; we assume the Bridgehampton house will be on the market soon.) Residents of Green Hollow Road in East Hampton are the newest members of the elite club, as the Arc House formerly owned by Jessica Meli, wife of Joseph Meli, a New York businessman who pleaded guilty last year to defrauding investors, is shortly to go on the market. (Story first reported by Bloomberg.) Meli was accused of running a Ponzi scheme, just like Madoff. Here's what the SEC said: The SEC alleged that Joseph Meli raised money from investors to fund businesses purportedly created to purchase and resell tickets to such high-demand shows as Adele concerts and the Broadway musical Hamilton. Joseph Meli was criminally charged in a parallel case in which he pled guilty and was sentenced to a 78-month prison sentence. He also was ordered in the parallel criminal case to forfeit over $104 million, including a house in East Hampton, New York, and to pay over $56 million in restitution. That house is the famous Arc House designed by Maziar Behrooz back in 2010. In 2011, the Wall Street Journal ran an article about the property, stating the owners wanted to buy in East Hampton so they could more easily go to Europe in retirement. Well, that didn't last long, as the owners put the place on the market in 2013 asking $5 million. Despite an interesting interior, with more than 6,000 square feet; a main living space that's 30 by 60 feet with a 16' ceiling at the apex; an art gallery space with a custom hanging system; flexible rooms that could be used as bedrooms, a screening room, or an office; and a sunken courtyard, the property didn't sell until 2015. The price was $3 million, about $500K less than it cost to build. At the time, we asked the broker who represented the Melis in the deal about the sale. He said that the buyer was "the wife of a successful NYC entrepreneur," that the couple liked the one-of-a-kind modern structure, and that they weren't concerned about airport noise. Given the place's history, we'll be very interested to see what the price the DOJ comes up with.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line593
__label__wiki	0.669128	0.669128	The CW Boss ‘Confident’ Arrowverse Series Will Return CW president Mark Pedowitz is “confident” that the Arrowverse shows – Arrow, Supergirl, The Flash, and Legends of Tomorrow – will be renewed. The CW has developed a strong reputation for superhero shows, and the Arrowverse has been a tremendous success. In spite of that, fans have become increasingly concerned over their favorites shows’ futures. Arrow, for example, is currently in its sixth season. That’s typically the point where networks negotiate new contracts with the cast. Meanwhile, the launch of Black Lightning has led The CW to move Legends of Tomorrow, and split Supergirl in half. That choice made fans sit up and take notice, even launching a petition to oppose the change. RELATED: The CW Boss Says Supergirl Fans Shouldn’t Be Worried Speaking to EW at the Television Critics Association’s winter press tour, president Mark Pedowitz insisted there’s nothing to worry about. “We haven’t renewed anything yet,” he explained. “We’re not quite ready to do that. We’re a couple of weeks out.” According to Pedowitz, the only reason announcements haven’t been made is timing. “It is only Jan. 7. It’s just a question of the board and I getting together and having a discussion about it. We just weren’t ready with the holidays and this came just days later. We’ll get there. I’m confident most of our schedule is coming back.” The explanation makes sense, but it’s worth noting that The CW does usually announce renewals at the TCA’s winter press tour. This year, it seems the board simply hasn’t gotten around to discussing this in time. Pedowitz went on to reassure fans of both Arrow and Supergirl. Although he wouldn’t give any details about casting negotiations, he did stress that he believed some of the Arrow cast have already extended their contracts. In regards to Supergirl, Pedowitz returned to his explanation that the show was suffering from a “production delay.” The network was never going to air five superhero shows at the same time, so they decided to be creative. As he noted, “Supergirl running into the summer is actually better programming for us year-round.” While this isn’t an official confirmation, fans will certainly be relieved. Pedowitz truly does seem to understand that this is an unusual situation, and that fans are used to hearing news about the superhero shows at the TCA event. He’s gone to great lengths to explain that there’s nothing behind this, and that no cancellations are expected. Coming from the president of The CW, those words carry a lot of weight. MORE: Here’s When Your Favorite CW Shows Will Return Supergirl season 3 continues on Monday, January 15 @8pm. The Flash season 4 continues on Tuesday, January 16 @8pm. Arrow season 6 continues on Thursday, January 18 @9pm on The CW. Legends of Tomorrow continues on Monday February 12 @8pm.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line595
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__label__wiki	0.96854	0.96854	Thomas W Tyler Life timeline of Thomas W Tyler arrow_back Back to Thomas W Tyler Thomas W Tyler was 89 years old when Walt Disney character Mickey Mouse premieres in his first cartoon, "Plane Crazy". Walter Elias Disney was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was presented with two Golden Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Award, among other honors. Several of his films are included in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress. Read More on Wikipedia Thomas W Tyler was born on 15 Aug 1839 Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom marries Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom marries Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. John Francis attempts to murder Queen Victoria as she drives down Constitution Hill in London with Prince Albert. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. John Francis attempts to murder Queen Victoria as she drives down Constitution Hill in London with Prince Albert. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens (pictured), a novella about the miser Ebenezer Scrooge and his transformation after being visited by three Christmas ghosts, was first published. A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843; the first edition was illustrated by John Leech. A Christmas Carol tells the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an old miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come. After their visits Scrooge is transformed into a kinder, gentler man. A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens (pictured), a novella about the miser Ebenezer Scrooge and his transformation after being visited by three Christmas ghosts, was first published. A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843; the first edition was illustrated by John Leech. A Christmas Carol tells the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an old miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come. After their visits Scrooge is transformed into a kinder, gentler man. Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail. Joseph Smith Jr. was an American religious leader and founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement. When he was 24, Smith published the Book of Mormon. By the time of his death fourteen years later, he had attracted tens of thousands of followers and founded a religion that continues to the present. Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail. Joseph Smith Jr. was an American religious leader and founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement. When he was 24, Smith published the Book of Mormon. By the time of his death fourteen years later, he had attracted tens of thousands of followers and founded a religion that continues to the present. The Donner Party of pioneers departs Independence, Missouri for California, on what will become a year-long journey of hardship and cannibalism. The Donner Party, or Donner–Reed Party, was a group of American pioneers that set out for California in a wagon train in May 1846. Departing from Independence, Missouri, they were delayed by a series of mishaps and mistakes, and spent the winter of 1846–47 snowbound in the Sierra Nevada. Some of the pioneers resorted to cannibalism to survive. The Donner Party of pioneers departs Independence, Missouri for California, on what will become a year-long journey of hardship and cannibalism. The Donner Party, or Donner–Reed Party, was a group of American pioneers that set out for California in a wagon train in May 1846. Departing from Independence, Missouri, they were delayed by a series of mishaps and mistakes, and spent the winter of 1846–47 snowbound in the Sierra Nevada. Some of the pioneers resorted to cannibalism to survive. After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City. Brigham Young was an American religious leader, politician, and settler. He was the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1847 until his death in 1877. He founded Salt Lake City and he served as the first governor of the Utah Territory. Young also led the foundings of the precursors to the University of Utah and Brigham Young University. After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City. Brigham Young was an American religious leader, politician, and settler. He was the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1847 until his death in 1877. He founded Salt Lake City and he served as the first governor of the Utah Territory. Young also led the foundings of the precursors to the University of Utah and Brigham Young University. California Gold Rush: James W. Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill near Sacramento. The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. The sudden influx of gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy, and the sudden population increase allowed California to go rapidly to statehood, in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and resulted in a precipitous population decline from disease, genocide and starvation. By the time it ended, California had gone from a thinly populated ex-Mexican territory, to having one of its first two U.S. Senators, John C. Frémont, selected to be the first presidential nominee for the new Republican Party, in 1856. California Gold Rush: James W. Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill near Sacramento. The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. The sudden influx of gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy, and the sudden population increase allowed California to go rapidly to statehood, in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and resulted in a precipitous population decline from disease, genocide and starvation. By the time it ended, California had gone from a thinly populated ex-Mexican territory, to having one of its first two U.S. Senators, John C. Frémont, selected to be the first presidential nominee for the new Republican Party, in 1856. Queen Victoria opens The Great Exhibition at The Crystal Palace in London. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. Queen Victoria opens The Great Exhibition at The Crystal Palace in London. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is published. Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe was an American abolitionist and author. She came from the Beecher family, a famous religious family, and is best known for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), which depicts the harsh conditions for enslaved African Americans. The book reached millions as a novel and play, and became influential in the United States and Great Britain, energizing anti-slavery forces in the American North, while provoking widespread anger in the South. Stowe wrote 30 books, including novels, three travel memoirs, and collections of articles and letters. She was influential for both her writings and her public stances on social issues of the day. Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is published. Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe was an American abolitionist and author. She came from the Beecher family, a famous religious family, and is best known for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), which depicts the harsh conditions for enslaved African Americans. The book reached millions as a novel and play, and became influential in the United States and Great Britain, energizing anti-slavery forces in the American North, while provoking widespread anger in the South. Stowe wrote 30 books, including novels, three travel memoirs, and collections of articles and letters. She was influential for both her writings and her public stances on social issues of the day. Opening of the first major US world's fair, the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City. A world's fair, world fair, world expo, universal exposition, or international exposition is a large international exhibition designed to showcase achievements of nations. These exhibitions vary in character and are held in different parts of the world. The most recent international exhibition, Expo 2017, was held in Astana, Kazakhstan. Opening of the first major US world's fair, the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City. A world's fair, world fair, world expo, universal exposition, or international exposition is a large international exhibition designed to showcase achievements of nations. These exhibitions vary in character and are held in different parts of the world. The most recent international exhibition, Expo 2017, was held in Astana, Kazakhstan. Henry David Thoreau publishes Walden. Henry David Thoreau was an American essayist, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, and historian. A leading transcendentalist, Thoreau is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay "Civil Disobedience", an argument for disobedience to an unjust state. Henry David Thoreau publishes Walden. Henry David Thoreau was an American essayist, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, and historian. A leading transcendentalist, Thoreau is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay "Civil Disobedience", an argument for disobedience to an unjust state. Queen Victoria established the Victoria Cross, originally to recognise acts of valour by British military personnel during the Crimean War. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. Queen Victoria established the Victoria Cross, originally to recognise acts of valour by British military personnel during the Crimean War. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa, then a small logging town, as the capital of Canada. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa, then a small logging town, as the capital of Canada. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. Abraham Lincoln delivers his House Divided speech in Springfield, Illinois. Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through the American Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Abraham Lincoln delivers his House Divided speech in Springfield, Illinois. Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through the American Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Thomas W Tyler was 20 years old when Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species. Charles Robert Darwin, was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species. Charles Robert Darwin, was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. Thomas W Tyler was 21 years old when Abraham Lincoln is elected as the 16th President of United States. Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through the American Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Abraham Lincoln is elected as the 16th President of United States. Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through the American Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Thomas W Tyler was 22 years old when American Civil War: Fort Sumter surrenders to Confederate forces. The American Civil War was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. As a result of the long-standing controversy over slavery, war broke out in April 1861, when Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina, shortly after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated. The nationalists of the Union proclaimed loyalty to the U.S. Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate States, who advocated for states' rights to expand slavery. American Civil War: Fort Sumter surrenders to Confederate forces. The American Civil War was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. As a result of the long-standing controversy over slavery, war broke out in April 1861, when Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina, shortly after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated. The nationalists of the Union proclaimed loyalty to the U.S. Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate States, who advocated for states' rights to expand slavery. Thomas W Tyler was 23 years old when U.S. President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring the freedom of all slaves in Confederate territory by January 1, 1863. Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through the American Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. U.S. President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring the freedom of all slaves in Confederate territory by January 1, 1863. Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through the American Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. The Indian city of Calcutta is almost totally destroyed by a cyclone; 60,000 die. Kolkata is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port. The city is widely regarded as the "cultural capital" of India, and is also nicknamed the "City of Joy". In 2011, the city had a population of 4.5 million, while the population of the city and its suburbs was 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. Recent estimates of Kolkata Metropolitan Area's economy have ranged from $60 to $150 billion making it third most-productive metropolitan area in India, after Mumbai and Delhi. The Indian city of Calcutta is almost totally destroyed by a cyclone; 60,000 die. Kolkata is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port. The city is widely regarded as the "cultural capital" of India, and is also nicknamed the "City of Joy". In 2011, the city had a population of 4.5 million, while the population of the city and its suburbs was 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. Recent estimates of Kolkata Metropolitan Area's economy have ranged from $60 to $150 billion making it third most-productive metropolitan area in India, after Mumbai and Delhi. President Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by actor John Wilkes Booth. Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes President upon Lincoln's death. Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through the American Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. President Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by actor John Wilkes Booth. Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes President upon Lincoln's death. Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through the American Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. President Andrew Johnson formally declares the American Civil War over. The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. President Andrew Johnson formally declares the American Civil War over. The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. Queen Victoria gives Royal Assent to the British North America Act which establishes the Dominion of Canada on July 1. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. Queen Victoria gives Royal Assent to the British North America Act which establishes the Dominion of Canada on July 1. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. Paraguayan War: Brazilian troops defeat Paraguayan at the Battle of Avay. The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance and the Great War in Paraguay, was a South American war fought from 1864 to 1870, between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. It was the deadliest and bloodiest inter-state war in Latin America's history. It particularly devastated Paraguay, which suffered catastrophic losses in population: almost 70% of its adult male population died, according to some counts, and it was forced to cede territory to Argentina and Brazil. According to some estimates, Paraguay's pre-war population of 525,000 was reduced to 221,000, of which only 28,000 were men. Paraguayan War: Brazilian troops defeat Paraguayan at the Battle of Avay. The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance and the Great War in Paraguay, was a South American war fought from 1864 to 1870, between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. It was the deadliest and bloodiest inter-state war in Latin America's history. It particularly devastated Paraguay, which suffered catastrophic losses in population: almost 70% of its adult male population died, according to some counts, and it was forced to cede territory to Argentina and Brazil. According to some estimates, Paraguay's pre-war population of 525,000 was reduced to 221,000, of which only 28,000 were men. The First Transcontinental Railroad, linking the eastern and western United States, is completed at Promontory Summit, Utah with the golden spike. The First Transcontinental Railroad was a 1,912-mile (3,077 km) continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Omaha, Nebraska/Council Bluffs, Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay. The rail line was built by three private companies over public lands provided by extensive US land grants. Construction was financed by both state and US government subsidy bonds as well as by company issued mortgage bonds. The Western Pacific Railroad Company built 132 mi (212 km) of track from Oakland/Alameda to Sacramento, California. The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California (CPRR) constructed 690 mi (1,110 km) eastward from Sacramento to Promontory Summit, Utah Territory (U.T.). The Union Pacific built 1,085 mi (1,746 km) from the road's eastern terminus at Council Bluffs near Omaha, Nebraska westward to Promontory Summit. The First Transcontinental Railroad, linking the eastern and western United States, is completed at Promontory Summit, Utah with the golden spike. The First Transcontinental Railroad was a 1,912-mile (3,077 km) continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Omaha, Nebraska/Council Bluffs, Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay. The rail line was built by three private companies over public lands provided by extensive US land grants. Construction was financed by both state and US government subsidy bonds as well as by company issued mortgage bonds. The Western Pacific Railroad Company built 132 mi (212 km) of track from Oakland/Alameda to Sacramento, California. The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California (CPRR) constructed 690 mi (1,110 km) eastward from Sacramento to Promontory Summit, Utah Territory (U.T.). The Union Pacific built 1,085 mi (1,746 km) from the road's eastern terminus at Council Bluffs near Omaha, Nebraska westward to Promontory Summit. Yellowstone National Park (bison pictured), the first national park in the world, was established with the majority of it in the U.S. state of Wyoming. Yellowstone National Park is an American national park located in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. It was established by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872. Yellowstone was the first national park in the U.S. and is also widely held to be the first national park in the world. The park is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially Old Faithful geyser, one of its most popular features. It has many types of ecosystems, but the subalpine forest is the most abundant. It is part of the South Central Rockies forests ecoregion. Yellowstone National Park (bison pictured), the first national park in the world, was established with the majority of it in the U.S. state of Wyoming. Yellowstone National Park is an American national park located in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. It was established by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872. Yellowstone was the first national park in the U.S. and is also widely held to be the first national park in the world. The park is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially Old Faithful geyser, one of its most popular features. It has many types of ecosystems, but the subalpine forest is the most abundant. It is part of the South Central Rockies forests ecoregion. Thomas W Tyler was 35 years old when Winston Churchill, English colonel, journalist, and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965) Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory in the Second World War. Churchill represented five constituencies during his career as Member of Parliament (MP). Ideologically an economic liberal and British imperialist, he began and ended his parliamentary career as a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955, but for twenty years from 1904 he was a prominent member of the Liberal Party. Winston Churchill, English colonel, journalist, and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965) Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory in the Second World War. Churchill represented five constituencies during his career as Member of Parliament (MP). Ideologically an economic liberal and British imperialist, he began and ended his parliamentary career as a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955, but for twenty years from 1904 he was a prominent member of the Liberal Party. Battle of the Little Bighorn and the death of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer. The Battle of the Little Bighorn, known to the Lakota and other Plains Indians as the Battle of the Greasy Grass and also commonly referred to as Custer's Last Stand, was an armed engagement between combined forces of the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes and the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army. The battle, which resulted in the defeat of US forces, was the most significant action of the Great Sioux War of 1876. It took place on June 25–26, 1876, along the Little Bighorn River in the Crow Indian Reservation in southeastern Montana Territory. Battle of the Little Bighorn and the death of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer. The Battle of the Little Bighorn, known to the Lakota and other Plains Indians as the Battle of the Greasy Grass and also commonly referred to as Custer's Last Stand, was an armed engagement between combined forces of the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes and the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army. The battle, which resulted in the defeat of US forces, was the most significant action of the Great Sioux War of 1876. It took place on June 25–26, 1876, along the Little Bighorn River in the Crow Indian Reservation in southeastern Montana Territory. Thomas W Tyler was 38 years old when Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record and play sound. Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman, who has been described as America's greatest inventor. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park", he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large-scale teamwork to the process of invention, and is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record and play sound. Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman, who has been described as America's greatest inventor. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park", he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large-scale teamwork to the process of invention, and is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric incandescent light bulb (it lasted 13½ hours before burning out). Carbon is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Three isotopes occur naturally, 12C and 13C being stable, while 14C is a radionuclide, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity. Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric incandescent light bulb (it lasted 13½ hours before burning out). Carbon is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Three isotopes occur naturally, 12C and 13C being stable, while 14C is a radionuclide, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity. The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral takes place at Tombstone, Arizona. The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral was a 30-second shootout between lawmen and members of a loosely organized group of outlaws called the Cowboys that took place at about 3:00 p.m. on Wednesday, October 26, 1881, in Tombstone, Arizona Territory. It is generally regarded as the most famous shootout in the history of the American Wild West. The gunfight was the result of a long-simmering feud, with Cowboys Billy Claiborne, Ike and Billy Clanton, and Tom and Frank McLaury on one side and town Marshal Virgil Earp, Special Policeman Morgan Earp, Special Policeman Wyatt Earp, and temporary policeman Doc Holliday on the other side. All three Earp brothers had been the target of repeated death threats made by the Cowboys, who objected to the Earps' interference in their illegal activities. The four law men faced five Cowboys. Billy Clanton and both McLaury brothers were killed. Ike Clanton claimed that he was unarmed and ran from the fight, along with Billy Claiborne and Wes Fuller. Virgil, Morgan, and Doc Holliday were wounded, but Wyatt Earp was unharmed. The shootout has come to represent a period of the American Old West when the frontier was virtually an open range for outlaws, largely unopposed by law enforcement officers who were spread thin over vast territories. The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral takes place at Tombstone, Arizona. The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral was a 30-second shootout between lawmen and members of a loosely organized group of outlaws called the Cowboys that took place at about 3:00 p.m. on Wednesday, October 26, 1881, in Tombstone, Arizona Territory. It is generally regarded as the most famous shootout in the history of the American Wild West. The gunfight was the result of a long-simmering feud, with Cowboys Billy Claiborne, Ike and Billy Clanton, and Tom and Frank McLaury on one side and town Marshal Virgil Earp, Special Policeman Morgan Earp, Special Policeman Wyatt Earp, and temporary policeman Doc Holliday on the other side. All three Earp brothers had been the target of repeated death threats made by the Cowboys, who objected to the Earps' interference in their illegal activities. The four law men faced five Cowboys. Billy Clanton and both McLaury brothers were killed. Ike Clanton claimed that he was unarmed and ran from the fight, along with Billy Claiborne and Wes Fuller. Virgil, Morgan, and Doc Holliday were wounded, but Wyatt Earp was unharmed. The shootout has come to represent a period of the American Old West when the frontier was virtually an open range for outlaws, largely unopposed by law enforcement officers who were spread thin over vast territories. More than 100,000 inhabitants of Bombay are supposedly killed in the so-called 'Bombay Cyclone of 1882', but this has proved a hoax and did not happen. Mumbai is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 12.4 million as of 2011. Along with the neighbouring regions of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, it is the second most populous metropolitan area in India, with a population of 21.3 million as of 2016. Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2008, Mumbai was named an alpha world city. It is also the wealthiest city in India, and has the highest number of millionaires and billionaires among all cities in India. Mumbai is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Elephanta Caves, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, and the city's distinctive ensemble of Victorian and Art Deco buildings. More than 100,000 inhabitants of Bombay are supposedly killed in the so-called 'Bombay Cyclone of 1882', but this has proved a hoax and did not happen. Mumbai is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 12.4 million as of 2011. Along with the neighbouring regions of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, it is the second most populous metropolitan area in India, with a population of 21.3 million as of 2016. Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2008, Mumbai was named an alpha world city. It is also the wealthiest city in India, and has the highest number of millionaires and billionaires among all cities in India. Mumbai is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Elephanta Caves, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, and the city's distinctive ensemble of Victorian and Art Deco buildings. First run of the Orient Express. The Orient Express was a long-distance passenger train service created in 1883 by Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits (CIWL). First run of the Orient Express. The Orient Express was a long-distance passenger train service created in 1883 by Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits (CIWL). Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is published. Mark Twain, real name Samuel Langhorne Clemens, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. Among his novels are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1875) and its sequel, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), the latter often called "The Great American Novel". Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is published. Mark Twain, real name Samuel Langhorne Clemens, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. Among his novels are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1875) and its sequel, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), the latter often called "The Great American Novel". White miners in Rock Springs, Wyoming, U.S., attacked Chinese immigrants, killing at least 28 Chinese miners and causing approximately US$150,000 in property damage. Rock Springs is a city in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 23,036 at the 2010 census, making it the 5th most populated city in the state of Wyoming, and the most populous city in Sweetwater County. Rock Springs is the principal city of the Rock Springs micropolitan statistical area, which has a population of 37,975. Rock Springs is known as the Home of 56 Nationalities because of the influx of immigrants from all over the world who came to work in the coal mines that supplied the fuel to power the steam engines of the Union Pacific Railroad. The city's rich cultural heritage is celebrated each summer on International Day, a festival where the foods, costumes, and traditions of residents' ancestors are recreated and enjoyed at Bunning Park in downtown Rock Springs. White miners in Rock Springs, Wyoming, U.S., attacked Chinese immigrants, killing at least 28 Chinese miners and causing approximately US$150,000 in property damage. Rock Springs is a city in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 23,036 at the 2010 census, making it the 5th most populated city in the state of Wyoming, and the most populous city in Sweetwater County. Rock Springs is the principal city of the Rock Springs micropolitan statistical area, which has a population of 37,975. Rock Springs is known as the Home of 56 Nationalities because of the influx of immigrants from all over the world who came to work in the coal mines that supplied the fuel to power the steam engines of the Union Pacific Railroad. The city's rich cultural heritage is celebrated each summer on International Day, a festival where the foods, costumes, and traditions of residents' ancestors are recreated and enjoyed at Bunning Park in downtown Rock Springs. The first transcontinental train trip across Canada departs from Montreal, Quebec. It arrives in Port Moody, British Columbia on July 4. Montreal is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada. Originally called Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The city is centred on the Island of Montreal, which took its name from the same source as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard. It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold, snowy winters. The first transcontinental train trip across Canada departs from Montreal, Quebec. It arrives in Port Moody, British Columbia on July 4. Montreal is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada. Originally called Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The city is centred on the Island of Montreal, which took its name from the same source as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard. It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold, snowy winters. Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show opens in London. William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody was an American scout, bison hunter, and showman. He was born in Le Claire, Iowa Territory, but he lived for several years in his father's hometown in Toronto Township, Ontario, Canada, before the family returned to the Midwest and settled in the Kansas Territory. Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show opens in London. William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody was an American scout, bison hunter, and showman. He was born in Le Claire, Iowa Territory, but he lived for several years in his father's hometown in Toronto Township, Ontario, Canada, before the family returned to the Midwest and settled in the Kansas Territory. In London, the body of Jack the Ripper's second murder victim, Annie Chapman, is found. London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, a region governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. In London, the body of Jack the Ripper's second murder victim, Annie Chapman, is found. London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, a region governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. The Eiffel Tower is officially opened. The Eiffel Tower is a wrought iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. The Eiffel Tower is officially opened. The Eiffel Tower is a wrought iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. The United States Army killed over 150 members of the Great Sioux Nation at the Wounded Knee Massacre. The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)—before the United States of America was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775. The United States Army killed over 150 members of the Great Sioux Nation at the Wounded Knee Massacre. The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)—before the United States of America was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775. Thomas Edison patents the motion picture camera. Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman, who has been described as America's greatest inventor. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park", he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large-scale teamwork to the process of invention, and is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. Thomas Edison patents the motion picture camera. Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman, who has been described as America's greatest inventor. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park", he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large-scale teamwork to the process of invention, and is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. Ellis Island opens to begin processing immigrants into the United States. Ellis Island, in Upper New York Bay, was the gateway for over 12 million immigrants to the U.S. as the United States' busiest immigrant inspection station for over 60 years from 1892 until 1954. Ellis Island was opened January 1, 1892. The island was greatly expanded with land reclamation between 1892 and 1934. Before that, the much smaller original island was the site of Fort Gibson and later a naval magazine. The island was made part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument in 1965 and has hosted a museum of immigration since 1990. Ellis Island opens to begin processing immigrants into the United States. Ellis Island, in Upper New York Bay, was the gateway for over 12 million immigrants to the U.S. as the United States' busiest immigrant inspection station for over 60 years from 1892 until 1954. Ellis Island was opened January 1, 1892. The island was greatly expanded with land reclamation between 1892 and 1934. Before that, the much smaller original island was the site of Fort Gibson and later a naval magazine. The island was made part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument in 1965 and has hosted a museum of immigration since 1990. Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6 in B Minor, Pathétique, receives its première performance in St. Petersburg, only nine days before the composer's death. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, was a Russian composer of the romantic period, some of whose works are among the most popular music in the classical repertoire. He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally, bolstered by his appearances as a guest conductor in Europe and the United States. He was honored in 1884 by Emperor Alexander III, and awarded a lifetime pension. Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6 in B Minor, Pathétique, receives its première performance in St. Petersburg, only nine days before the composer's death. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, was a Russian composer of the romantic period, some of whose works are among the most popular music in the classical repertoire. He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally, bolstered by his appearances as a guest conductor in Europe and the United States. He was honored in 1884 by Emperor Alexander III, and awarded a lifetime pension. Mahatma Gandhi forms the Natal Indian Congress (NIC) in order to fight discrimination against Indian traders in Natal. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā – applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa – is now used worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu and Gandhi ji, and known as the Father of the Nation. Mahatma Gandhi forms the Natal Indian Congress (NIC) in order to fight discrimination against Indian traders in Natal. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā – applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa – is now used worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu and Gandhi ji, and known as the Father of the Nation. George VI of the United Kingdom (d. 1952) George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth. George VI of the United Kingdom (d. 1952) George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth. Queen Victoria surpasses her grandfather King George III as the longest reigning monarch in British history. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. Queen Victoria surpasses her grandfather King George III as the longest reigning monarch in British history. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. Dracula, a novel by Irish author Bram Stoker, is published. Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker. It introduced Count Dracula, and established many conventions of subsequent vampire fantasy. The novel tells the story of Dracula's attempt to move from Transylvania to England so that he may find new blood and spread the undead curse, and of the battle between Dracula and a small group of men and a woman led by Professor Abraham Van Helsing. Dracula, a novel by Irish author Bram Stoker, is published. Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker. It introduced Count Dracula, and established many conventions of subsequent vampire fantasy. The novel tells the story of Dracula's attempt to move from Transylvania to England so that he may find new blood and spread the undead curse, and of the battle between Dracula and a small group of men and a woman led by Professor Abraham Van Helsing. Spanish–American War: The Treaty of Paris is signed, officially ending the conflict. The Spanish–American War was fought between the United States and Spain in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to US intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. American acquisition of Spain's Pacific possessions led to its involvement in the Philippine Revolution and ultimately in the Philippine–American War. Spanish–American War: The Treaty of Paris is signed, officially ending the conflict. The Spanish–American War was fought between the United States and Spain in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to US intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. American acquisition of Spain's Pacific possessions led to its involvement in the Philippine Revolution and ultimately in the Philippine–American War. Funeral of Queen Victoria. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. Funeral of Queen Victoria. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. Thomas W Tyler was 64 years old when The Wright brothers make their first attempt to fly with the Wright Flyer at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, were two American aviators, engineers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who are generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane. They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17, 1903, four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. In 1904–05 the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. Although not the first to build experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible. The Wright brothers make their first attempt to fly with the Wright Flyer at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, were two American aviators, engineers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who are generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane. They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17, 1903, four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. In 1904–05 the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. Although not the first to build experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible. Thomas W Tyler was 66 years old when Albert Einstein publishes his first paper on the special theory of relativity. Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics. His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He is best known to the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. Albert Einstein publishes his first paper on the special theory of relativity. Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics. His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He is best known to the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. Thomas W Tyler was 69 years old when Ford puts the Model T car on the market at a price of US$825. Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand. Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer Troller, an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling Motors of China. It also has joint-ventures in China, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, and Russia. The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family; they have minority ownership but the majority of the voting power. Ford puts the Model T car on the market at a price of US$825. Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand. Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer Troller, an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling Motors of China. It also has joint-ventures in China, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, and Russia. The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family; they have minority ownership but the majority of the voting power. Thomas W Tyler was 73 years old when The British passenger liner RMS Titanic sinks in the North Atlantic at 2:20 a.m., two hours and forty minutes after hitting an iceberg. Only 710 of 2,227 passengers and crew on board survive. RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early hours of 15 April 1912, after colliding with an iceberg during its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. There were an estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, and more than 1,500 died, making it one of the deadliest commercial peacetime maritime disasters in modern history. RMS Titanic was the largest ship afloat at the time it entered service and was the second of three Olympic-class ocean liners operated by the White Star Line. It was built by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast. Thomas Andrews, her architect, died in the disaster. The British passenger liner RMS Titanic sinks in the North Atlantic at 2:20 a.m., two hours and forty minutes after hitting an iceberg. Only 710 of 2,227 passengers and crew on board survive. RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early hours of 15 April 1912, after colliding with an iceberg during its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. There were an estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, and more than 1,500 died, making it one of the deadliest commercial peacetime maritime disasters in modern history. RMS Titanic was the largest ship afloat at the time it entered service and was the second of three Olympic-class ocean liners operated by the White Star Line. It was built by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast. Thomas Andrews, her architect, died in the disaster. World War I: Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (pictured), and Prime Minister Paul Eyschen surrendered to the invading German army and the nation remained occupied for the rest of the war. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I: Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (pictured), and Prime Minister Paul Eyschen surrendered to the invading German army and the nation remained occupied for the rest of the war. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I: The Second Battle of Champagne begins. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I: The Second Battle of Champagne begins. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I: The Germans capture Fort Douaumont during the Battle of Verdun. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I: The Germans capture Fort Douaumont during the Battle of Verdun. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I: British forces captured Gaza when the Ottoman garrison abandoned the area. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I: British forces captured Gaza when the Ottoman garrison abandoned the area. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I: Pernau, Reval, and Pskov are taken by German forces World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I: Pernau, Reval, and Pskov are taken by German forces World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I: The Paris Peace Conference opens in Versailles, France. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I: The Paris Peace Conference opens in Versailles, France. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. Thomas W Tyler was 81 years old when The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, guaranteeing women's suffrage in America. The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex. It was adopted on August 18, 1920. The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, guaranteeing women's suffrage in America. The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex. It was adopted on August 18, 1920. Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, is the husband and consort of Queen Elizabeth II. Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, is the husband and consort of Queen Elizabeth II. Adolf Hitler was arrested in Munich for high treason for his role in the Beer Hall Putsch. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler was arrested in Munich for high treason for his role in the Beer Hall Putsch. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler is released from Landsberg Prison. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler is released from Landsberg Prison. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. The United Kingdom general strike begins. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state‍—‌the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 66.0 million inhabitants in 2017. The United Kingdom general strike begins. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state‍—‌the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 66.0 million inhabitants in 2017. Thomas W Tyler was 89 years old when Walt Disney character Mickey Mouse premieres in his first cartoon, "Plane Crazy". Walter Elias Disney was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was presented with two Golden Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Award, among other honors. Several of his films are included in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress. Walt Disney character Mickey Mouse premieres in his first cartoon, "Plane Crazy". Walter Elias Disney was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was presented with two Golden Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Award, among other honors. Several of his films are included in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress. Thomas W Tyler was 90 years old when The New York Stock Exchange crashes in what will be called the Crash of '29 or "Black Tuesday", ending the Great Bull Market of the 1920s and beginning the Great Depression. The New York Stock Exchange, is an American stock exchange located at 11 Wall Street, Lower Manhattan, New York City, New York. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies at US$21.3 trillion as of June 2017. The average daily trading value was approximately US$169 billion in 2013. The NYSE trading floor is located at 11 Wall Street and is composed of 21 rooms used for the facilitation of trading. A fifth trading room, located at 30 Broad Street, was closed in February 2007. The main building and the 11 Wall Street building were designated National Historic Landmarks in 1978. The New York Stock Exchange crashes in what will be called the Crash of '29 or "Black Tuesday", ending the Great Bull Market of the 1920s and beginning the Great Depression. The New York Stock Exchange, is an American stock exchange located at 11 Wall Street, Lower Manhattan, New York City, New York. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies at US$21.3 trillion as of June 2017. The average daily trading value was approximately US$169 billion in 2013. The NYSE trading floor is located at 11 Wall Street and is composed of 21 rooms used for the facilitation of trading. A fifth trading room, located at 30 Broad Street, was closed in February 2007. The main building and the 11 Wall Street building were designated National Historic Landmarks in 1978. Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (d. 2002) Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, was the younger daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth and the only sibling of Queen Elizabeth II. Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (d. 2002) Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, was the younger daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth and the only sibling of Queen Elizabeth II. Adolf Hitler obtains German citizenship by naturalization, which allows him to run in the 1932 election for Reichspräsident. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler obtains German citizenship by naturalization, which allows him to run in the 1932 election for Reichspräsident. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party receives 43.9% at the Reichstag elections, which allows the Nazis to later pass the Enabling Act and establish a dictatorship. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party receives 43.9% at the Reichstag elections, which allows the Nazis to later pass the Enabling Act and establish a dictatorship. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler violently purged members of the Sturmabteilung (SA), its leader Ernst Röhm, and other political rivals in the Night of the Long Knives, executing at least 85 people. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler violently purged members of the Sturmabteilung (SA), its leader Ernst Röhm, and other political rivals in the Night of the Long Knives, executing at least 85 people. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler orders the Luftwaffe to be re-formed, violating the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler orders the Luftwaffe to be re-formed, violating the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Thomas W Tyler died on 5 Apr 1936	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line601
__label__cc	0.688513	0.311487	Why 2020 would be the best year to VGU Vladimir Malicious Metal (EUW) https://bobandsuewilliams.com/images/league-of-legends-art-vladimir-3.jpg Well, it’s not even halfway through 2019 but it’s always great to plan for the future! And what better things to plan ahead than the many more VGU’s Riot will have to power through towards their quest of bringing all the champions up to date? Well, I could list about a hundred better things to do, but here we are. Let’s talk about everyone’s favorite ~~Vampire~~ Hemomancer; Vladimir. ________________________________________ With Mordekaiser’s rework looming on the horizon all eyes are drawn towards Noxus. Or more specific, the Immortal Bastion that serves as a grim reminder of the Nation’s dark roots. Noxus may be one of my favorite regions, but it’s easy to see why. They are a nation who values strength in all its forms and had to power through a dark history of foreign tyrants and dark magic to emerge victorious, standing proud on the three main principles of strength of the Trifarix: Vision, Guile and Might… But something lurks underneath this new face of the nation, a dark secret, a twisted vine deeply rooted in the very foundation of Noxus. I am talking about the Black Rose. With Mordekaiser, Noxus’ past shall be brought back into the limelight and with it all the important characters who had woven their influence into the empire over countless centuries. And while I’d gladly talk about the Matron of the Black Rose herself, I am more inclined to focus on Vladimir here. ______________________________________________ Vladimir. Oh Vladimir. You’re the bad boy of League, constantly getting nerfed, ranking among the most hated champions to face, and you’re a walking bundle of blood puns wrapped up in a model that looks like a shrivelled up turnip. Time has caught up with you, my boy, and it’s about time you’ll get your due. Vladimir himself is in a strange spot when it comes to champions in need of reworks. His Lore is pretty up to date, though as we know, things are bound to change with VGU’s, his gameplay is serviceable if not flat out golden if you ask those spamming him to the highest of elos… And yet he’s a character that is really starting to show his age. Not just visually speaking but in terms of sheer character potential Vladimir is a champion that would certainly be very worthwhile to update! He embodies a very specific trope, which is one that a lot of players can heavily relate to: He’s the quintessential Vampire character. Whereas Elise and Evelynn have some vampire-sque traits, these Ladies have different niches that do not overlap too heavily with what Vladimir’s supposed to embody. While Vampire does invoke a variety of different traits, Vladimir has the potential to be League’s very own, unique take on such an universal Archetype. Just how Mordekaiser is in essence just a Dark Lord, Vladimir could truly be brought to life and made Riot’s own little monster. But how would they do it, you may ask? Well stranger whose question I definitely wouldn’t hear over the computer screen: By applying the oh so important Triple Pillar system that forms the basis for every champion foundation! Power not meant for a Mortal The very first thematic pillar I would focus on for Vladimir is one of power that was never meant to be held by a human. He absorbed a Darkin and with it, the mastery over the blood arts. It is a vile, dark magic that was wielded by god warriors, far removed from mortal beings… And yet, Vladimir did not just learn such power from his masters, he made it his own, and gave it to mortals. He is the Prometheus if the fire was unholy powers over the bodily essence of life through blood and flesh. This should be reflected in his character, as it’s already shown in his lore. Vladimir’s form is not meant to contain the essence of a Darkin and his mortal mind is incapable of truly lasting through the ages. He is still a human whose immense power is too much for his physical body. The thematic of a mortal making the power of warmongering gods his own forms the first pillar. Crude, Brutal Blood Arts…refined into elegant Craft Vladimir is not a brute, nor is he truly a bloodhungry fiend. His mastery over the blood arts is not one of reveling in the guts and gore of his fallen foes like champions like Aatrox, Rhaast and Renekton do. He has taken the crude art of flesh forging, of blood magic, and has given it a human touch, applying our understanding of magic, of grace and elegance to wicked sorceries meant for even more twisted purposes. Whereas Darius uses an Axe, crude, but mighty, Vladimir uses precise blood magic to destroy whoever stands in his way. His style is one of unholy power given a nigh serene beauty, an elegance of gore that would otherwise be incomprehensible. This thematic of abhorrent blood arts refined into something beautiful should be the second design pillar. And Lastly Seductive, Twisted Aristocrat Whereas Mordekaiser is the “Morgoth” Vladimir is the Lord Byron, the Lestat, of League of Legends. This thematic pillar would deal with Vladimir’s role in Noxian society, how he has woven his influence into its society and it would dictate how Vlad’s character would appear in the game. He’d embody the spirit of grande ballrooms, of revelling festivities, and the dark machinations that pull the strings in the background. Vladimir is the Aristocracy Swain tried to abolish, and he has formed a cult around his personality. This should shine through in his design, the spirit of old Noxian decadence, during the times of the Aristocratic Reign. He opposes the Trifarix, and yet does not long for the dominance of Mordekaiser (not in that way at least), but instead would be the quintessential Aristocratic Bachelor. Albeit twisted, as. just how Art is Life carries heavy metatextual themes, he’d be a Dorian Grey: Outwardly charming, well groomed and the very model of high society…but hiding twisted desires and dark secrets underneath this guise… __________________________________________________ But this thread wouldn’t be made if there wasn’t one reason for Vladimir’s rework being something Riot should consider releasing by 2020, and it’s not just the raw untapped potential of a playerbase THIRSTY for a Gothic Rockstar Vampire with Wicked Blood Arts: The Plethora of vampire Media released in 2020: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kltbwElCr9Y This'll get all the Vampire fan(g)s back into gaming so why not convert some of 'em to League's playerbase? https://www.kerrang.com/the-news/jared-leto-teases-first-photo-from-morbius-movie/ Superhero movie fans will get a taste of Vampires again...and how intoxicating that is... https://wegotthiscovered.com/tv/first-plot-details-lost-boys-tv-show-surface/ Would be nice to give those lost boys and girls a place to sink their teeth into some hot vampire character, eh? https://www.radiotimes.com/news/tv/2019-03-04/dracula-tv-series-starts-filming/ There's so much at stake when the grandaddy of all Vampires gets another adaptation! https://comicbook.com/horror/2019/03/06/vampire-chronicles-tv-series-production-start-september-hulu/ With Anne's Vampire Chronicles getting another adaptation it would be the best time to Rice to the occasion and put Marquis Vlad on display _____________________________________________ 2020 would be the perfect environment to drop a Vlad VGU as everyone would be riding the bloody tidal wave of Vampire hype! Just as Infinity War part 2 builds hype for a Titanic Lord of Death, these releases would serve as the best context to place a Vladimir VGU in! It’s simple marketing baby!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line602
__label__wiki	0.54931	0.54931	The Greatest Show of All Time: “The Wire” and Its Hip-Hop Roots By: Daniel Hodgman The Wire is an American drama that ran from 2002 to 2008 on HBO. The series is set in the city of Baltimore, Maryland, and was created by David Simon, a former Baltimore police reporter. The show focuses on many aspects of Baltimore and the typical American city, and its reoccurring trait is that it focuses on institutions and the people that are committed to them. The Wire’s portrayal of America is not only a reflective piece of our country’s society, but also an in-depth connection to hip-hop, as it tackles the constraints on the lower class, oppression from outside forces, the fight against corruption and the withstanding notion of fighting for peace and change. Tagged america, american city, american school system, baltimore, black star, bunny colvin, commercialism, culture, david simon, decolonization, hbo, Hip hop, maryland, mos def, Music, omar little, rap, social awareness, Talib Kweli, television, the wire, urban, war on drugs Album of the Week: “Mos Def & Talib Kweli Are Black Star” by Black Star Mos Def & Talib Kweli Are Black Star Rawkus Records, 1998 Tagged america, black star, culture, dead prez, decolonization, Hip hop, immortal technique, mos def, mos def & talib kweli are black star, Music, rap, Talib Kweli, urban A Trip Down to Detroit and the Urban Arts Academy: Our Reflections By: Daniel Hodgman and Justin Cook Reflections and reactions to visiting the Urban Arts Academy. Full interview here. Tagged awareness, clark park, culture, cypher, Detroit, education, graffiti, Hip hop, hip-hop education, media, michigan, Music, music production, news, political, rap, social, the raiz up, urban arts academy Features, Interviews, Podcasts A Bonus Cut Feature: An Interview With Detroit’s Urban Arts Academy By: Daniel Hodgman, Gus Navarro and Justin Cook All photos by: Phillip McGuigan Listen to the interview here: Order of speakers: Lex Zavala, Gianni Carazo, Freddie Burse, Row Mendez, Sacramento Knoxx, Antonio Cosme, Lex Zavala, Antonio Cosme, Row Mendez, Antonio Cosme, Lex Zavala Album of the Week: “Let’s Get Free” by Dead Prez Let’s Get Free Loud Records/Columbia Records, 2000 Tagged animal farm, culture, dead prez, george orwell, Hip hop, it's bigger than hip hop, let's get free, m-1, mind sex, Music, police state, political, propaganda, rap, revolutionary, stic.man Casting Call: If Famous Star Wars Jedi Were Replaced With Figures in Hip-Hop via http://www.irenesinternet.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/HipHopStarWars3.jpg Star Wars Episode 7 is happening. In fact, a whole new trilogy of Star Wars movies is in the works. Are you ready? Although Star Wars hasn’t seen a bright light since Return of the Jedi, it is undoubtedly one of the greatest names in pop culture. The film series has spawned a whole new expanded universe with books, shows, video games, short films and Wookiepedia, and even if you don’t like the series, millions on millions of people do. One of the most interesting things about Star Wars has been that of the Jedi, the mysterious spiritual organization that studies the force. The whole lightsaber weapon thing is cool, and the ability to throw people without touching them is nice too, but the concept behind the Jedi keeping peace and justice in the galaxy has always fascinated me the most. Struck with a code of ethics, Jedi practice the force through passive meditation and a commitment to justice. The Jedi are in fact the greatest thing George Lucas has ever invented, sans Boba Fett. So with that, Bonus Cut has decided to do a special Jedi hip-hop mash-up. In this scenario we recast some famous Jedi from the films, shows and video games and replace them with figures in hip-hop. Enjoy. Tagged a new hope, anakin skywalker, big l, culture, daniel dumile, darth vader, disney, dr. dre, empire strikes back, george lucas, Hip hop, jedi, Kanye West, luke skywalker, Music, nas, obi-wan, palpatine, qui-gon jinn, rap, return of the jedi, revenge of the sith, star wars, Tupac Shakur, yoda Alluring Figures in Hip-Hop: Delving Inside the Mind of Jay Electronica On Tuesday, September 10th, it was announced that Jay Electronica’s much-anticipated debut record, Act II: Patents Of Nobility, was “pretty much done.” Just Blaze, the producer behind the record, went on to say that “the situation is Jay moves at his own pace…He always moved at his own pace.” Ah yes, that explains us waiting nearly six years for even a sniff of a record. And yet, none of this comes as a surprise. Unless you’ve been living under a rock, it’s a known fact that Jay Electronica works at his own pace in a unique “do-it-yourself” approach. By providing his own artwork and releasing his own music in weird clumps, Jay has not only claimed the title of hip-hop’s recluse, he’s also secured himself as one of hip-hop’s truly unique characters of all time. Tagged Act II: Patents Of Nobility, culture, Detroit, Dimethyltryptamine, Erykah Badu, exhibit c, Hip hop, j dilla, jay electronica, Jay-Z, jazzmatazz, just blaze, mr. porter, Music, New Orleans, rap, Roc Nation, terrorism, Timothy Elpadaro Thedford, United States The Starting Five: 9/11/13 Every week, Daniel and Gus pick five songs to share called The Starting Five. This week, they’re personally sharing these tracks as a feature. Tagged captain murphy, culture, DOOM, Earl Sweatshirt, flying lotus, Hip hop, john legend and the roots, Ka, kendrick lamar, lewis parker, mos def, Music, nas, Pharoahe Monch, rap, smif-n-wessun, the knux, the roots, viktor vaughn, yasiin bey	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line603
__label__wiki	0.791664	0.791664	Discover Kilkenny O'Brien, 2000 - Kilkenny (Ireland) - 127 pages Kilkenny has long been noted as Ireland's foremost medieval town. Founded as an Early Christian settlement in the sixth century, the town has greatly influenced the course of Irish history. Its leading families are household names to this day - the Ormondes, the Butlers, the Rothers - and its buildings are wonderful reminders of the Ireland of old. Kilkenny is a town of fascinating contrasts, of ancient and modern, of Irish and European culture, of city and provincial town. PART ONE explores the history of Kilkenny through key events, including: the founding of the Early Christian monastery, the coming of the Normans, the witchcraft trial of Alice Kyteler, the Statutes of Kilkenny, the Confederation of Kilkenny, the Cromwellian siege, the growth of industries in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and the developments in design and brewing during the twentieth century which have made Kilkenny a familiar name across Western Europe. PART TWO visits Kilkenny's most interesting buildings and landmarks, including: Kilkenny Castle, St Canice's Cathedral, Rothe House, Shee Almshouse, Kyteler's Inn, the Tholsel, St Mary's Church, the Black Abbey and Kilkenny College, where Jonathan Swift, George Berkeley and William Congreve were educated. The History of the City Kilkenny on the eve of the AngloNorman invasion 12 The Anglo Renaissance influences 35 City charter 1609 36 Leisure interests 57 Population decline GUIDE TO THE Historic City Kilkenny Castle gardens and demesne 91 Kilkenny St Canices Cathedral 106 The Bishops Palace 117 Black John Bradley is a native of Kilkenny. An archaeologist by profession, he is currently a senior lecturer in modern history at the National University of Ireland, Maynooth. Title Discover Kilkenny Author John Bradley Publisher O'Brien, 2000	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line605
__label__cc	0.652885	0.347115	Episode 3 – 2019 NFL Draft Preview Ryan Leaf and Mike Davis breakdown the 2019 NFL Draft, dissecting and predicting the possible outcomes for the Chargers. Should they go defensive tackle? How about quarterback for the... See More Bleav in Chargers with Ryan Leaf & Mike Davis Episode 3 – 2019 NFL Draft Preview Episode 3 – 2019 NFL Draft Preview <iframe src="https://bleav.com/player?show=Bleav-in-Chargers-with-Ryan-Leaf-&-Mike-Davis&episode_id=1804" style="width: 100%; height: 200px; border: 0 none;" scrolling="no"></iframe> Ryan Leaf and Mike Davis breakdown the 2019 NFL Draft, dissecting and predicting the possible outcomes for the Chargers. Should they go defensive tackle? How about quarterback for the future? Is Josh Rosen in the mix? Leaf and Davis discuss all that and more! Ryan Leaf & Mike Davis After taking the Washington St Cougars to the Rose Bowl, Ryan Leaf was the second overall pick of the Chargers in 1998 NFL draft. After a legendary fall from grace, Ryan has been reborn in a sober life and in sports commentary. Currently Ryan is the host of Pac 12 This Morning on the Sirius XM Pac 12 Channel, Fox’s Sunday College Review, and providing color for Pac 12 Network Games. Ryan gives Bleav incredible, in depth insight into the Chargers and life that only he can. Mike Davis is the host and creator of “Bust,” as well as the co-host of the “Chargers” podcast with Ryan Leaf. Prior to joining Bleav, Davis worked at KYTX CBS 19 in Tyler, Texas. There he hosted the talk show, “19 Now.” Initially he co-hosted the weekday morning show, “The Morning Loop.” In 2017, Davis graduated from the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University, earning his master’s degree in broadcast journalism. Davis has also worked as a post-production assistant at NFL Films and as the head production intern at The Howard Stern Show at SiriusXM. At the Stern Show, Davis served as a right-hand man for Howard Stern, Robin Quivers, and Gary Dell’Abate. Mike graduated magna cum laude from the University of Miami with a B.S in Film and Broadcast Journalism.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line607
__label__wiki	0.897169	0.897169	Home / Important Beethoven Manuscript Materializes Important Beethoven Manuscript Materializes Eric Olsen October 13, 2005 1 Comment 31 Views Ludwig van Beethoven rather startlingly reared his stern visage in the 21st century when Heather Carbo — librarian at the Austen K. deBlois Library of Palmer Theological Seminary outside Philadelphia — found an 80-page working manuscript score for a duet-piano version of Beethoven’s monumental Grosse Fuge in B flat major when cleaning out an obscure archival cabinet one sultry afternoon in July. “It was just sitting on that shelf,” Ms. Carbo told the NY Times. “I was just in a state of shock … I’d heard oral history about a Beethoven manuscript, so I recognized what I had found immediately,” she said. Carbo had been nearing the end of a huge inventory project when she came across the bound booklet in the very last cabinet she inspected in the basement of the library. Dr. Jeffrey Kallberg at the University of Pennsylvania authenticated the manuscript, as did Dr. Stephen Roe, head of Sotheby’s Manuscript department, who said, “This is an amazing find. The manuscript was only known from a brief description in a catalog in 1890 and it has never before been seen or described by Beethoven scholars. Its rediscovery will allow a complete reassessment of this extraordinary music.” It will be offered for sale at Sotheby’s in London December 1, 2005, and is expected to bring up to $2.6 million. Dr. Wallace Smith, president of Palmer Theological Seminary, said, “I was both thrilled and overjoyed when I heard about the rediscovery of this wonderful manuscript, a true original by an artist for the ages.” The Beethoven manuscript — as were original music manuscripts by Mozart, Haydn, Strauss, Meyerbeer and Spohr discovered at the Seminary in 1990 — was part of a collection presented to the Seminary in 1950 by Margaret Treat Doane, daughter of Cincinnati industrialist and hymn-writer William Howard Doane, who had likely purchased the Beethoven work at a Berlin auction in 1890. The original version of Grosse Fuge was composed as the finale for the String Quartet in B flat major, Op. 130, which Beethoven began in May 1825 and completed in September that year. It has an extraordinarily modern sound and was notoriously difficult for performers and listeners alike when it was first played in 1826. The composer died in 1827. The four-hand piano manuscript is written in brown and black ink, sometimes over pencil and includes later annotations in pencil and red crayon, some added as proof corrections, on ten-stave paper – the staves frequently extended into the margins by the composer. Written on various types of paper, the manuscript shows, according to Sotheby’s Roe, the “extent of Beethoven’s working and reworking and includes deletions, corrections, deep erasures (occasionally the paper is rubbed right through, leaving small holes), smudged alterations and several pages pasted over the original or affixed with sealing-wax.” The intensity of the composer can be seen graphically: the higher and more intense the music, the larger the notes. It is also appears that Beethoven tried passages out on the piano himself. On page 23 of the manuscript, there is notation for Beethoven’s own fingering. Roe finds it “touching to imagine the ailing and entirely deaf composer running over passages on the piano, music he could scarcely hear.” The manuscript was on view briefly this afternoon at Palmer Theological Seminary, and will be on view at Sotheby’s New York from November 16th-19th and Sotheby’s London on November 28th, 29th, 30th and December 1st. There was a similarly serendipitous Bach manuscript discovery in Germany in May. About Eric Olsen Career media professional and serial entrepreneur Eric Olsen flung himself into the paranormal world in 2012, creating the America's Most Haunted brand and co-authoring the award-winning America's Most Haunted book, published by Berkley/Penguin in Sept, 2014.Olsen is co-host of the nationally syndicated broadcast and Internet radio talk show After Hours AM; his entertaining and informative America's Most Haunted website and social media outlets are must-reads: [email protected], Facebook.com/amhaunted, Pinterest America's Most Haunted.Olsen is also guitarist/singer for popular and wildly eclectic Cleveland cover band The Props. @amhaunted This is an amazingly fun game, one which offers just about everything a player could want from it. But the bugs. The bugs are a problem.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line608
__label__wiki	0.964303	0.964303	Annual Survey is dedicated to the Honorable Patricia Wald. By Thomas Adcock In the summer of 1948, before entering Yale Law School with the intent of becoming a labor attorney, Patricia McGowan hit the bricks with her uncle and grandfather—in picket-line solidarity with a United Auto Workers strike—at a ball bearing factory in gritty Torrington, Connecticut, where she worked as a “greaser.” This was before McGowan earned her J.D., married lawyer Robert Wald, and, much to the consternation of religious conservatives in Congress who labeled her an “instrument of the Devil,” became the Honorable Patricia M. Wald—and now former chief judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit; former associate judge for the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia; mother of five, grandmother of 10; and, in frigid Iowa during the presidential caucus season, a heavily bundled, 79-year-old canvasser schlepping door-to-door in the cause of Barack Obama. For her numerous accomplishments, as well as persistent good humor, student editors dedicated the 2009 Annual Survey of American Law to Judge Wald. She was lauded by fellow D.C. Circuit judge Harry T. Edwards, professors and former clerks Cynthia Estlund and Nancy Morawetz ’81, and former colleagues Kelly Askin, senior legal officer at the Open Society Justice Initiative, and David Tolbert, senior fellow at the Jennings Randolph Fellowship Program of the United States Institute of Peace. All spoke of light-hearted and even comic moments that leavened what they called an “inspired and inspiring” career. Judge Edwards recollected circuit bench conferences when “you always want to hear what Judge Wald has to say because she clears your head and improves your understanding, and maybe she’ll be funny as well.” Estlund, Catherine A. Rein Professor of Law, praised Wald for her “refusal to lose sight of the concerns of ordinary people” who are affected by broad theories of law settled in appellate decisions. And Morawetz, professor of clinical law, cited her mentor as a “role model for women clerks,” on and off the judicial clock. “One night, we all went to a bar and taught her to play Pac-Man,” Morawetz disclosed. “The judge went incognito—as ‘Marge.’” In an interview prior to the ceremony, Wald remembered that summer of ’48, and the woman she holds responsible for her success—her mother, Margaret O’Keefe McGowan, who, when her husband disappeared during the Great Depression, raised their child alone, determined that a girl could go far from the mill town of her birth. Indeed, following a postgraduation clerkship in New York, she wound up in Washington, D.C., due to her husband’s U.S. Navy assignment. The federal government was “in the throes of loyalty hearings” that year, Wald explained. Accordingly, she dropped labor law to sign on at a firm that defended victims of Senator Joseph McCarthy, the notorious red-baiter and blacklist bully. The firm was, she said, “a more appropriate place to work” in 1952. She left practice to raise her children. When, in the 1960s, Wald returned to law as a female lawyer 10 years out of the game, the available opportunities led her into part-time criminal justice work, which included children’s rights—a pursuit that later prompted opposition from religious zealots during congressional hearings on her appointment to the D.C. Circuit by President Jimmy Carter. “The stance of some evangelical and conservative groups was that families should make all important decisions about the child,” Wald explained, adding that lawyers like her, bent on children’s health and drug education, “constituted an unjustified intrusion into the sanctity of family life.” To be accused of complicity with Lucifer in congressional hearings, said Wald during her short thank-you address, was “particularly galling since my five kids had to sit stoically through the entire harangue.” Afterward, however, a reporter asked one of her sons for his reaction. The son made his mother proud by saying, “Well, she burns the lamb chops, but otherwise she’s O.K.” All of 2009 Student Spotlight The Law School Student Spotlight	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line609
__label__wiki	0.690713	0.690713	- NYU Law Magazine - https://blogs.law.nyu.edu/magazine - Posted By Gina Rodriguez On September 2, 2014 @ 1:09 pm In 2014,Arguments and Opinions \| Comments Disabled The latest incarnation of the Internet—Web to consider the relation between the aesthetic and 2.0—is the phenomenon of user-generated content. Pop culture consumers three decades ago watched professionally produced videos on MTV; the same people today sit in front of their screens, taking clips of music or videos and making their own works (or parodies) to share with the world. To Barton Beebe, viral puppy videos and Ryan Gosling memes underscore how far behind the times copyright law is in examining the concept of aesthetic progress. In late January, Beebe expounded on his views in “Intellectual Property Law and the Problem of Aesthetic Progress,” his inaugural lecture as the John M. Desmarais Professor of Intellectual Property Law. Aesthetic progress is an admittedly murky concept. In both statutes and case law, the stated purpose of intellectual property law is to promote progress in the arts and sciences. For scientific and technological knowledge, progress means improving on the last thing, making something more efficient, or building something that replaces something new. Progress in the arts, however, doesn’t mean that the works of Picasso are better than cave drawings, Beebe said. Instead, the art is often something totally new and different, and part of the reason the artist creates it is for the joy of doing so. That creative process, however, has no value under current law. The Intellectual Property Clause empowers Congress “to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts” through the provision of copyright and patent rights. But strangely missing from this constitutional language is any reference to the fine arts, which qualify neither as “science” nor as “useful Arts” (technology). Why, Beebe wonders, might the framers have taken pains to exclude the fine arts in this context? The early 20th century “would have been an especially appropriate time for intellectual property law progress,” Beebe said in his lecture. But the opportunity was missed. In 1903, the Supreme Court held in Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Co. that circus advertisements could receive copyright protection even if they were not fine art. Rather than opening the door to further discussion of aesthetic progress, however, the opinion turned out to be a “conversation-stopper” on the topic, said Beebe. “For two centuries, we have viewed copyright law essentially as industrial policy with long-term accumulation as its goal,” Beebe said. And while he conceded that that’s a good thing, he added: “We also need to view it as cultural policy with short-term, even immediate, aesthetic experience as its competing goal.” That doesn’t mean that judges should engage in “aesthetic discrimination,” nor does copyright law need to be turned on its head, said Beebe. “But I am suggesting that we have every right ourselves, as the crowd, to promulgate a form of copyright law” that might be more lenient in consideration of how works are treated now, he said. For example, Beebe suggested, it might be time to revisit enforcement of the reproduction right that gives copyright holders the sole right to reproduce their work and might prevent, say, the cute-cat video maker from using images and clips of others’ work to include in his own. Opening up the conversation about aesthetic progress and what it means could lead to tweaks to copyright law that are more in line with today’s hands-on approach to cultural commentary, Beebe said. In other words, in the age of Web 2.0, it’s high time to reassess the impact of a more-than-century-old precedent. All of 2014 Arguments and Opinions [1] 2014 Home [2] Article printed from NYU Law Magazine: https://blogs.law.nyu.edu/magazine URL to article: https://blogs.law.nyu.edu/magazine/2014/whats-the-fair-use/ [1] All of 2014 Arguments and Opinions: http://blogs.law.nyu.edu/magazine/2014/arguments-and-opinions-2014/ [2] 2014 Home: http://blogs.law.nyu.edu/magazine/2014 Copyright © 2010 NYU Law School Magazine. All rights reserved.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line610
__label__cc	0.645618	0.354382	The Kardashians are a Threat to Capitalism Joseph Kukral, Op/Ed Editor Just recently, Kylie Jenner, one of five daughters from the famed E-network reality television series “Keeping Up with the Kardashians” was named the youngest self-made billionaire in the world. Forbes magazine pegged Jenner’s net worth at $1 billion as of the beginning of March 2019. One must admit how challenging and unlikely it was for Jenner to reach this unbelievable feat. Assuredly, the odds were not at all in her favor. Just like the steel magnate Andrew Carnegie, Jenner built her fortune scrupulously, applying an exceptional business ingenuity and an unflagging entrepreneurial spirit that undoubtedly separates her from other executives. Obviously, such statements are totally absurd. Jenner can best explain her fortune by incredible luck and not hard work. She is lucky insofar as she can fall into a sewer and come up with gold watches in both hands. Because of the network her family has assembled, Jenner is endowed with an unbelievable set of valuable connections that only an idiot could not become wealthy with. These connections include fashion merchandisers and designers, TV producers, music producers, advertising firms and business consulting agencies. Furthermore, when considering the connections the Kardashian family possesses, much of it derives from the fact they are famous for simply being famous and nothing else. In fact, the Kardashians’ rise to stardom really went full-swing in February 2007, when a sex tape of Kim Kardashian and Ray-J was leaked to the public. Shortly thereafter in October 2007, E-network launched “Keeping Up with the Kardashians” – a television reality series that has aired for over 12 years. The reality series has provided the Kardashians a foundational consumer base to market their brand and fashion merchandise to. It lacks the exceptional attributes of other high-end fashion brands, but earns greater sales and prestige for its celebrity affiliation. In essence, social media has offered an illegitimate way for faux-celebrities to reap millions, when truthfully, they offer very little economic value. Without social media and the cult of personality it promotes, the Kardashians would be worth peanuts. Actually, without Kim’s sex tape, the same assertion may be true. Unlike Carnegie, who built industries that improved the efficiency of and added value to society, Jenner is merely sucking value from it. And this leads to a concern about capitalism and its future role as a system that organizes society. Similar to democracy, the institution of capitalism to an extent is based on trust and legitimacy. No one knowingly does business with a con-artist or those who high-hand other transacting parties. Furthermore, no one appreciates fortunes that are made illegitimately without merit. Capitalism is rooted in the individual producing some sort of value for others in exchange for value in return, often through the proper functioning of free markets. Highly correlated with this theory is the Protestant work ethic. Typically, in order for capitalism to be worthy as a system, individuals must succeed and increase their wealth by merit and through hard work. If achieved otherwise, others tend to feel the system is rigged. Jenner’s fortune is evidence of ersatz capitalism, or an inferior performance of a truly novel system. All of her most valuable assets and opportunities were easily available to her without any effort required. The illegitimate fortune of Kylie Jenner threatens capitalism because once individuals determine the system is rigged in favor of those who merely have connections, they turn to other inferior systems of societal organization, such as socialism or even communism. According to a Gallup poll, only 45 percent of millennial Americans between ages 18 to 29 view capitalism favorably while 51 percent of them view socialism favorably. No American should take this lightly. Actually, Americans should abhor at the prospect of upending a system that has lifted more individuals out of poverty than any other system in the history of the world. There should be no question as to whether capitalism is the best means to organize society. Of course, there are instances when government intervention produces a more efficient outcome than free markets, as is the case with public education, public utilities or maybe even the market for health insurance. Nevertheless, capitalism usually produces the best outcomes. If we continue to allow individuals like the Kardashians to erode the legitimacy of capitalism, it will not be long until politicians and larger amounts of voters will demand outright socialism. New York U.S. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez has brandished capitalism as inferior to socialism on multiple occasions, which is just the beginning of an insidious effort to undermine our prized and coveted capitalist system. When listening to her speak on the matter, one must wonder if she even understands how capitalism works considering that her knowledge of bartending is all that she has to inform her opinion. Kylie Jenner is a cancer of our capitalist society that must be stamped out, lest socialism will be bearing on us for the dreadful menace that it is. Self-made? Yeah, I do not believe that for a second. Honestly, Jenner should attribute at least half her fortune to Ray-J for his consequential performance on the screen. Everything is Not What it Seems The Problems with American Voting A Statement for the John Carroll Community Trump’s Unhinged Populism The Ethical Dilemma Posed by Data Mining Rejection Season My Farewell The Seed of the Church Loud and Way too Proud Editorial: Cherish Your Democracy	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line619
__label__wiki	0.840627	0.840627	Home CNA News Arms sales will help Taiwan maintain defense: U.S. State Department Arms sales will help Taiwan maintain defense: U.S. State Department In this photo released by Military News Agency, a Taiwan Air Force, U.S.-made F16-V, lands on a highway during an exercise to simulate a response to a Chinese attack on its airfields in Changhua in southern Taiwan. Tuesday's exercise is part of annual drills designed to showcase the island's military capabilities and resolve to repel an attack from across the Taiwan Strait amid perceptions of a rising threat. (Military News Agency via AP) WASHINGTON (CNA) — A recent arms sale package to Taipei approved by Washington was made based on United States law and intended to help boost Taiwan’s self-defense capabilities, Department of State spokesperson Morgan Ortagus said on July 9. “Well, I think everybody here in this room, especially all of you from our — from the Asian bureaus, are aware of the Taiwan Relations Act. The State Department did notify on the arms sale today,” Ortagus told a routine news conference. “Our interest in Taiwan, especially as it relates to these military sales, is to promote peace and stability across the straits, across the region. And so our — there’s no change, of course, in our longstanding ‘one China’ policy. That’s based on the Three Joint Communiques, the Taiwan Relations Act.” “So I don’t see our notification here as anything other than complying with the Taiwan Relations Act. The law specifically, of course, requires these sorts of — requires us to help Taiwan maintain their defense, self-sufficient defense capabilities. But our ‘one China’ policy remains the same, and so there’s no new policy announcements for today,” she added. Ortagus was referring to a US$2.22 billion arms sale package approved by the State Department to Taiwan Monday, which included 108 M1A2T Abrams Tanks and relevant equipment and support, 250 Block I-92F MANPAD Stinger missiles, and four Block I-92 MANPAD Stinger Fly-to-Buy missiles and related equipment. However, the package does not include 66 F-16V fighter jets that Taiwan’s Ministry of National Defense sought to purchase Feb. 27. The sales are the most substantive since Trump came to power in January 2017, following earlier sales announced June 29, 2017, Sept. 24, 2018, and April 15, 2019 that included training and maintenance/logistics support, along with torpedoes, anti-radiation missiles, and missile components. By Chiang Chin-yej and Flor Wang Previous articleFamily of girl killed in cruise ship fall to return home Next articleOfficial: Lightning caused Jim Beam bourbon warehouse fire	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line622
__label__wiki	0.971107	0.971107	How A Democrat Who’s Against Abortion Became Clinton’s VP Pick Tim Kaine's personal beliefs on abortion are in contrast with Hillary Clinton's and the Democratic Platform. But it's his actions that have assuaged any fears from abortion rights groups. “He’s been not only a solid vote but really an ally," Planned Parenthood President Cecile Richards says. The Washington Post: Why Tim Kaine Can Oppose Abortion And Still Run With Hillary Clinton Eleven years ago, as he ran for governor of Virginia, Tim Kaine made clear his stance on abortion: “I have a faith-based opposition,” he wrote on his campaign’s website. “I will work in good faith to reduce abortions.” Kaine went on to laud adoption as the best solution to an unwanted pregnancy. He promoted abstinence-only sex education (and later slashed funding to the program, citing research that found it wasn’t effective). He authorized the sale of “Choose Life” license plates to fund religious counseling clinics that discouraged abortion. He backed Virginia’s “informed consent” law, which requires women seeking the procedure to undergo medically unnecessary ultrasounds. In short, he was conservative on reproductive issues, by his party's standards. (Paquette, 7/26) Bloomberg: After VP Selection, Kaine Endorses Repeal Of Hyde Amendment On Abortion Democratic vice presidential pick Tim Kaine has privately told nominee Hillary Clinton he will support repeal of the Hyde Amendment, a 1976 provision that bans the use of federal dollars for abortion services, Clinton spokesman Jesse Ferguson and Kaine spokeswoman Amy Dudley said Tuesday. The position is a reversal for Kaine, who earlier this month told The Weekly Standard, a conservative magazine, that he's "traditionally been a supporter of the Hyde amendment." (Kapur, 7/26) In other news, the opioid epidemic is put in the spotlight at both parties' conventions and a look at where they stand on health care and abortion — The Washington Post: The Nation’s Opioid Crisis Garners Attention At Party Conventions The nation’s epidemic of opioid abuse, which has killed thousands of people over the past decade through powerful prescription painkillers and heroin, has taken on a prominent role at the Democratic National Convention — a sign of the issue’s growing importance in both parties. On Monday night, a woman whose daughter has struggled with addiction gave a prime-time speech, followed by the former governor of New Hampshire, where more than 400 people died of drug overdoses last year. Then, on Tuesday afternoon, people packed into a Quaker conference center in Philadelphia to hear delegates, elected officials and others talk about recovering from substance abuse and what needs to be done to combat it. A similar forum was held at the Republican National Convention in Cleveland last week. Both conventions featured a recovery and wellness room for those suffering from addiction. (Zezima, 7/26) Los Angeles Times: How The Democratic And Republican Party Platforms Stack Up On The Issues The party platforms of Democrats and Republicans, finalized ahead of their respective conventions this month, reflect the stark divide between the parties, on both foreign affairs and domestic social issues. Here’s a rundown of where the parties land on key topics. (Mason and Megerian, 7/27)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line630
__label__wiki	0.710041	0.710041	Future: Portland 2020 View: Affordable Home Ownership Maps We Call this home Reed Community Reading Project: Michelle Alexander Reed College Kaul Auditorium 3203 Southeast Woodstock Boulevard Portland, OR, 97202 United States (map) Michelle Alexander, author of "The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness," will join us for a lecture and Q&A on Tuesday, February 7 at 6:00 p.m. at Reed College. A book signing will follow the lecture. About The New Jim Crow: The New Jim Crow is a stunning account of the rebirth of a caste-like system in the United States, one that has resulted in millions of African Americans locked behind bars and then relegated to a permanent second-class status - denied the very rights supposedly won in the Civil Rights Movement. By targeting black men through the War on Drugs and decimating communities of color, the U.S. criminal justice system functions as a contemporary system of racial control, even as it formally adheres to the principle of colorblindness. The New Jim Crow challenges all of us to place mass incarceration at the forefront of the movement for racial justice in America. Called "stunning" by Pulitzer Prize-winning historian David Levering Lewis, "invaluable" by the Daily Kos, "explosive" by Kirkus,and "profoundly necessary" by the Miami Herald, The New Jim Crow, with a foreword by Cornel West, is a must-read for all people of conscience. About Michelle Alexander: Michelle Alexander is a highly acclaimed civil rights lawyer, advocate, and legal scholar. Alexander is an associate professor of law at The Ohio State University and holds a joint appointment at the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity. Prior to joining the Kirwan Institute, Professor Alexander was formerly the director of the ACLU's Racial Justice Project in Northern California and an Associate Professor of Law at Stanford Law School, where she directed its Civil Rights Clinics. This event is free and open to the public. An ASL interpreter will be provided. For information on getting to Reed, please visit: https://www.reed.edu/getting-to-reed.html. Question, concerns, or accommodation requests can be made to institutional.diversity@reed.edu. Kaul Auditorium 3203 Southeast Woodstock Boulevard, Portland, Oregon 97202-8199 Source:: https://events.reed.edu/event/reed_community_reading_project_michelle_alexander#.WHv31nfMzMU U of O School of Journalism: Simulcast of A Deeper Back w/ Ta-Nehisi Coates [Partner Event] Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City We Call This Home is proudly presented by Portland Housing Center, in partnership with : Agora Journalism Center at the University of Oregon School of Journalism and Communication, City Club of Portland, EcoNorthwest, Neighborhood Partners, North Star Civic Foundation, Open:Housing, Oregon Humanities, with support from J.P. Morgan Chase, HomeStreet Bank and Wells Fargo.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line631
__label__wiki	0.763262	0.763262	'Hidden Figures' A look at “Hidden Figures,” which tells the true story of three African American women working at NASA in the 1960s, with director Ted Melfi and actors Taraji P. Henson, Octavia Spencer, Janelle Monáe, and Kevin Costner. Taraji P. Henson Janelle Monáe Octavia Spencer Kevin Costner Ted Melfi 'Live by Night'; 'Hidden Figures' Filmmaker Ben Affleck and the stars of the film, "Live by Night." Director Ted Melfi and the stars of the film, “Hidden Figures.” 54:07 Kathleen Quinlan Actor Kathleen Quinlan on her movie, "Apollo 13," a docudrama that looks at the mission of the same name. 15:42 Columbia Space Shuttle Tragedy; Michael Caine Entertainment, Science Astronaut Jerry Linenger et al. on the Columbia shuttle crash; Michael Caine and "The Quiet American." 53:36 Peter Maass; Kathleen Quinlan; Michael... World, Entertainment, Politics Author of "Love Thy Neighbor: A Story of War" On her role in the film "Apollo 13." Conductor Michael Tilson Thomas. 53:57 A look at the Juno spacecraft with Darrick Pitts of the Franklin Institute, Lauren Grush of The Verge, and Miriam Kramer of Mashable. 17:18	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line635
__label__wiki	0.646116	0.646116	Majority of small, medium businesses use NAFTA to save costs, yet remain dangerously passive as to its outcome Survey finds half expect very negative effects on their businesses, yet only 15% are aware of key issues, only a handful have contingency plans /Getty Images Special to Financial Post Stéphan Galarneau, Livingston International Businesses invested in cross-border trade with the U.S. are by now all too familiar with the feeling of sea sickness that has come from the highs and lows of the ongoing NAFTA negotiations. It seems every few weeks, optimism turns to pessimism and back to optimism again before retreating into a temporary information vacuum, and then resurfacing at either end of the queasiness spectrum, depending on one’s industry or market segment. U.S. multinationals that have invested heavily in continental supply chains over the years have been carefully watching the talks with hopes of a renegotiation that leaves the core tenets of the agreement unaltered. Small businesses, however, seem to be taking a dangerously passive approach to the negotiations. Even among those that use NAFTA, there appears to be a sense of fatalism with regard to the beleaguered trade deal. A recent study by Livingston International of businesses that use NAFTA shows 80 per cent of small businesses use the trade deal to achieve cost savings for all or most of their cross-border transactions. In addition, just less than half believe a U.S. withdrawal from NAFTA would have a very negative effect on their industry, and half believe it would have a very negative effect on their individual business. So one would presume the fate of NAFTA would be of high importance. Not so. The same study (which surveyed 1,017 businesses in the U.S., Canada and Mexico that use NAFTA, including 669 small businesses, 234 medium-sized businesses and 114 large businesses) shows only 15 per cent of small businesses and 16 per cent of medium-sized businesses are closely following the negotiations, and are aware of the key issues and potential outcomes. Most (85 per cent) are either casually following the talks or not following them at all. Furthermore, only six per cent of small businesses and four per cent of medium-sized businesses say they have contingency plans in place for a U.S. withdrawal from the deal. 80 per cent of small businesses that use NAFTA use it to achieve cost savings for all or most of their cross-border transactions … so one would presume its fate would be of high importance Those numbers only seem surprising until one considers the likely cause of this laissez-faire attitude toward the negotiations. A little more than half of small and medium-size businesses believe the talks will eventually lead to a successful renegotiation of the trade deal or continue to linger on with ultimately little effect to the terms of the agreement. This hopeful premonition is inspiring and – given some of the positive remarks in recent weeks coming from the ministerial leaders involved in the talks – may prove visionary. But the study was conducted in February when sentiments around the the negotiations were still fairly sour and the threat of a U.S. withdrawal quite real. Many businesses believe talk of Washington scrapping NAFTA is just bluster on the part of a U.S. president who deep down knows how damaging a U.S. withdrawal from NAFTA would be to U.S. economic interests. That may prove to be true. But the president has made trade reform a core part of his mandate, and so far he has delivered on all those promises. During his campaign he said he would pull the U.S out of the Trans-Pacific Partnership and did so on Day Three of his term in office. He said he would impose steel tariffs to revitalize America’s struggling steel towns and has found the legal mechanism to do so. He said he would impose punitive tariffs on countries that maintain large trade imbalances with the U.S. and has thus far imposed such tariffs on Korean and Chinese exports. He said he would renegotiate trade deals he felt were unfair to U.S. interests and has successfully done so with the Korea-U.S. trade agreement. With NAFTA in limbo, small businesses have to keep looking for new markets Small business owners face triple whammy that could wipe out the value of their life’s work Given this solid track record on trade, it’s difficult to dismiss threats of withdrawing from the pact as just tough talk. Businesses of all sizes who rely heavily on cost-savings through NAFTA should be actively considering how a worst-case scenario might impact them. The Livingston survey shows 55 per cent of small business and 60 per cent of medium-sized businesses will either be forced to pass down the cost of tariffs to consumers, making their businesses less competitive, or eat the cost and reduce their business investment. With that kind of impact, it’s critical that businesses work with their trade services partners (trade management firms, legal counsel, freight forwarders, customs brokers, etc.) to do some scenario planning and identify in advance how they might mitigate the ill effects of a U.S. withdrawal from NAFTA. Similarly, they should be considering alternative markets to source materials and sell their wares should a worst-case scenario become a reality. Washington is only required to give six months’ notice on withdrawal from NAFTA. That would create an ambitious timeline to reconfigure a supply chain and/or source new suppliers, vendors, distributors, etc. With any luck, the NAFTA saga will be over in the next month. But even if it is and the outcome is positive, there will still be changes to the terms of the agreement that could affect businesses in certain industries. Taking a wait-and-see approach is certainly an option. But given the stakes, it’s probably not the best one. Stéphan Galarneau specializes in trade for small business at trade services firm Livingston International. Entrepreneur Newsletter (Every Wednesday) Entrepreneurs, getting paid just got easier Li Ka-Shing buys into Canadian startup out to digitize doctors’ outdated paper files Subway got too big, too fast. And franchisees paid the price There's now another way a Trump threat could deal a major blow to Canadian businesses Down to Business podcast: Why Ottawa wants small businesses to export more Employers had trouble filling 435,000 jobs in first quarter: CFIB Calgary’s small businesses to get break from rising property tax bills KKR fund scouring Canadian tech scene for investment opportunities, but they aren't alone What small business wants on party platforms: Tax cuts (of course) and revival of income-splitting No reason Ontario corner stores can't sell beer. They've proven responsibility with tobacco WatchSmall businesses to get rebates for energy-efficient upgrades to help cut their carbon-tax bills More women are dumping lucrative careers to move into the demanding world of farming	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line637
__label__wiki	0.974352	0.974352	By Jeff Burger More than four decades’ worth of music reviews, interviews, and commentary Bruce Springsteen Book Q&A with the Editor Worldwide Purchase Links John Lennon Book From the Preface Leonard Cohen Book 14 Facts about Cohen Bob Dylan Book MULTIARTIST More on Music Interviews & Encounters Quote Unquote Beyond Music TV & Film Reviews September 15, 2013 News About My Books New Editions Planned for Springsteen Book Posted by Jeff Burger Chicago Review Press has announced plans to issue a North American paperback edition of Springsteen on Springsteen: Interviews, Speeches, and Encounters on April 1, 2014, with a list price of $17.95. Last July, a paperback edition of the book was published in England, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand by Omnibus Press. In addition, a Japanese publisher has just licensed the book for release in that country. On April 1, the same day that it will publish the North American paperback edition of the Springsteen book, Chicago Review Press will release the first hardcover edition of my second book, Leonard Cohen on Leonard Cohen: Interviews and Encounters. Bruce SpringsteenLeonard Cohen The Beach Boys: Made in California Leonard Cohen Book Now on Amazon Enter your email address and click on "Follow" to receive email notifications of new posts. 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Coming soon: A paperback North American edition of Dylan on Dylan (out Sept. 3, 2019; preorder here); Spanish editions of Lennon on Lennon and Dylan on Dylan; and a Japanese edition of Dylan on Dylan. Signed copies: A limited number of autographed copies of all of my books (inscribed as you wish) are available for the cover price plus $5 S&H. Please use this website’s contact form to request details and ordering information. Book Editions from Around the World Springsteen’s 19th Album Ranks with His Best Amazing Rhythm Aces: Third-rate Romance, First-rate Rock Amazing Rhythm Aces: Burning the Ballroom Down An Interview with the Righteous Brothers Steely Dan Madness: Walking the Tightrope in Star City © Jeff Burger, 1973–2019. All rights reserved. Use of any content on this website without written permission is prohibited. Posting dates reflect dates of original publication.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line638
__label__wiki	0.953351	0.953351	Services: Data Issues & Policy Discussions Objection to mini-bio of Frank Keenan. Inaccurate information is posted on the mini-bio of Frank Keenan. I have researched his life in detail and find the mini-bio is insulting and degrading to a fine character actor. I have submitted a detailed change, but have yet to see it published. Here it is again. A man described in his time as “America’s Greatest Character Actor” was born to Owen and Francis Kelly Keenan at their home on Cleveland Avenue in Dubuque in April 8, 1858. James “Frank” Keenan was first attracted to the stage as a youngster watching the entertainment brought to town by the showboats that docked at the Jones Street levee. His father Owen came to Dubuque in 1856 from Boston with two brothers, James and Patrick. Together they operated the Keenan Brothers wholesale grocery business between First & Second on Main Street. As good Irish Catholics the family attended the Cathedral built a few years before by Father Mazzuchellli. For several years the family lived in Elkader where Owen Keenan owned a farm. When family moved back to Boston in 1874 Frank enrolled at Boston College where he first appeared on stage. His ability led quickly to minor roles in the Boston Museum Stock Company. Keenan marked the beginning of his professional career in support of the veteran stage star Joseph Proctor in 1880. His stage presence and acting ability soon took him to New York with roles in “The Capitol,” “A Poor Relative,” and other contemporary hits. A noted critic of the era, Austin Brereton wrote: “He has a career of exceptional brilliancy before him, and granted that he has the right conditions for his work and the energy to make use of them, he will become a conspicuous figure on the stage.” Keenan’s portrayal of the cynical Cassius in a Washington, DC production of Julius Caesar elevated him to the status of “celebrated Shakespearean actor” and gave him top billing for decades. He later specialized in King Lear and Macbeth. In 1900 Keenan added “director” to his credits and staged original productions of “The Christian,” “The Kings Musketeers,” and dozens of others at his own Lyceum Theater. As a turn of the century matinee idol Keenan went “on the road” performing in theaters coast to coast, including a few stops in Dubuque including April 24-25 1900 in the popular Broadway hit, “A Poor Relation.” A review in the Dubuque Herald was predictably flattering. “In the part of Noah Vale, Mr. Frank Keenan, a native of Dubuque and fine actor, gives a masterful interpretation of that loveable and tenacious genius, Noah Yale.” As he continued honing his craft the rave reviews became common. When “The Honorable John Grigsby” opened March 1, 1902 one critic wrote: “The appearance of Frank Keenan at the Lyric last night will be one of the great treats of the theatrical season. So profound an impression did Mr. Keenan make in New York that Harper’s Weekly devoted an entire page to his work.” That review reads in part: “We should say in these days of many stars, Keenan belongs among the planets for he is immeasurably the superior of the vast bulk of well-dressed and graceful mediocrities who are decorating the dramatic firmament with their fire-fly talents. His appeal is to the intellect and to the heart. It is character, not physical attributes that he impresses upon the mind.” “Girl of the Golden West,” a four act melodrama set in the gold rush days of California was another major stage success for Keenan. The David Belasco production opened in November of 1905 and ran for 224 performances and then toured nationally. Keen played Sheriff Jack Rance. When the show moved to Chicago critics raved: “his acting will liner longer because of his saturnine humor, quiet power and wealth of unobtrusive but striking detail. It was an impersonation: genuine, deep founded, compelling acting and every moment and every turn of it absorbing.” During a 1909 interview with a Chicago newspaper Frank Keenan described how he prepared for his unforgettable role in “The Warrens of Virginia” at 1907 Broadway hit in which he co-starred with the young Mary Pickford. “When Mr. Belasco gave me this role of Buck Warren, I spent money in finding out things, and finding them out right. The stage has never been fair to the Confederate soldier. It has given him the accent of a levee roustabout and a weak backbone, when he was a man of the greatest virility and sentiment with a soul of fire and hand of steel. I obtained letters that would carry me into the homes and into the intimacies of the men who were part of that great struggle – who made its history. I went to them frankly and told them what I wanted to know. They received me with the greatest cordiality and opened their hearts to me. I spent weeks in Virginia with these men – intimates and rand hands of Lee and Stonewall Jackson. I studied their accents. I caught their very phrasing and sentiments of today and those of yesterday. Only two classes cannot forget the war and abide by its results – the women and the men who didn’t fight. The others, without losing their love for their old flag, have renewed their loyalty to the old one. I got the genuine Southern point of view in this way. I had to get it to make the people who sit out in front every night can understand and sympathize with those men. My Southern friends appreciated to the full what I sought to do.” He went on to describe how he met with Stonewall Jackson’s black servant who was then 91 years old and spent two hours visiting with him. Keenan was an actor who seriously prepared for his roles. When “The Warrens of Virginia” went on the road a review in the Pittsburgh Daily Post on November 29, 1908 read in part: “This was such a perfectly rounded portrayal, so accurate in its development and treatment that one was constrained to believe that Mr. Keenan had fortunately hit upon a role that suited his personality rather than one that permitted him to manifest his histrionic ability. Mr. Keenan is an actor of distinction, his experience has been varied, his native talent as a delineator of character has been perfected by a schooling under the best of players and directors. As an actor in support of a star, as a director, as a star himself and as player in a company where the drama was presumed to be strong enough to carry itself, and also as a featured member of the cast, he has given the best that was in him, consistently and commendably.” A Sunday March 9, 1909 article in the Telegraph-Herald tells how he and a group of other New York actors were discussing their early days before success on the stage. Keenan recalled that while at Boston College he worked part time as a book agent, insurance salesman and a police court reporter for a Boston newspaper. The legitimate stage was home for Frank Keenan but he also ventured into the less prestigious field of vaudeville. Most think of “the peoples’ theater” as jokes, juggling and comedy skits, but many of the better vaudeville theaters also featured presentations of shorter duration than the typical 3-4 act dramas. One such sketch was “The Oath” which gave Keenan “an equal vogue in vaudeville.” Another was “Man to Man”, a one act sociological drama by Oliver White which tells of a fight between laborer and capitalist. It debuted in Washington, D.C. on February 10, 1911. A review in the Washington Post the next day states, “Mr. Keenan has found time to cast and stage the new piece while playing “the Oath”, engaging a new company for that sketch, rehearsing his daughter, Miss Hilda Keenan, rehearsing Miss Julie Herne in a new sketch and to take part in the “full Dress Rehearsal of the Green Room Club.” He was obviously a man of boundless energy. In June of 1912 while touring “Man to Man” with his daughter Hilda in Seattle, Washington, the lovely teenager met a young comic, Ed Wynn, who was part of the vaudeville bill at the Orpheum. A romance developed and the young couple courted via mail and chance meetings when they were both playing in the same towns. Two years later from their home on Long Island, Frank and Katherine Keenan announced the wedding of 20-year old Hilda to the 28-year old Wynn in 1914. Wynn had landed star billing in the “Ziegfield Follies of 1914” and Hilda was to star in “The Salamander” that season. She bowed out of the role to marry – a union that lasted 22 years and resulted in the birth of a son, Keenan Wynn, who went on to his own a very successful show business career. Hollywood came calling in 1915 when Keenan made his screen debut under the direction of Reginald Barker in “The Coward.” During the next 11 years he made more than 3 dozen silent films and directed 4 others. Although he earned a fortune in film, he often returned to his first love – the stage. Keenan created his own production company in Hollywood and produced a number of very successful films released by Pathe’. In 1919 he took on the subject of union strikes and the creeping threat of Socialism and Communism when he wrote, produced and starred in “The World Aflame.” A review in the LA Times described the film as “a grippingly intense and vital drama dealing with work and workers with capitol and capitalists. Keenan plays the part of Carson Burr, the new Mayor who learns a lesson when he breaks a general strike and by bringing employers and workers together at a Union Hall meeting, lays the foundation for permanent industrial peace. The picture aims to show that alien radical agitators do not reflect the attitude of the rank and file of the workers, and employers may avoid strikes and turmoil by director appeal to legitimate trade union officials.” Frank’s domestic life was considered ideal. He married Katherine Agnes Long from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia in 1890. They had two beautiful daughters who also became thespians. Katherine always traveled on the road with Frank and their off-seasons were spent in the Adirondacks or at their spacious home on Long Island. After moving to Hollywood she became actively involved in charity work including the Disabled Veterans Home in Sawtelle and The Women’s Post War Service League. Frank and Katherine were both practicing Catholics and deeply devoted to each other. Tragedy struck April 26, 1924 when Katherine suffered a cerebral hemorrhage as she joined in the applause for Frank while in the audience premier of a new comedy, “Fame” at the Writers Club in Los Angeles. A stage manager quietly summoned him off-stage where he rushed to his wife’s side. She never regained consciousness. After 44 years of marriage he was so distraught that he was unable to attend the funeral at the Church of the Blessed Sacrament on Sunset Blvd. Newspaper accounts described Frank “in a state of complete collapse and was ordered by his physicians to remain in bed.” One of Katherine’s close friends, was a music teacher and budding actress from Palo Alto, California. 28-year old Margaret Whyte, recently divorced from a Los Angeles financier, visited the aging actor often and within several months The Los Angeles Times announced their engagement to be married. “The young woman, a graduate of Southern California University where she studied with Leopold Stokowski, was an intimate friend of the late Mrs. Keenan and frequent visitor to their home.” The paper said they planned a 6-month honeymoon traveling by steamship from San Francisco to Honolulu and on to the Orient. Frank Keenan was 68. She was 28. What could possibly go wrong? Upon their return the couple embarked on what the LA Times called “a lecture tour of the principal coast cities. Keenan will speak on the relation of drama on stage and screen. He’ll return to Hollywood in four weeks to resume his picture career. His wife is expected to present piano recitals at various cities along the way.” His next picture, “The Heart of Dixie” for MGM was warmly received. “The horse race finish isn’t the only thing that will make “Heart of Dixie” a favorite. Frank Keenan does a Kentucky judge that will renew his fame as a character actor.” Author Oliver White wrote a new stage play for Keenan, “Smiling Danger” which debuted August 31, 1925 in Los Angeles. “The veteran actors sonorous voice and fine artistry will give power to this new production,” wrote the LA Times. “The fine skill in tense drama, ancient and modern, which has characterized the wonderful playing of Shakespeare, the classics and recent plays of note by Mr. Keenan since 1874 are shown here.” Among the cast members was Margaret White Keenan. Keenan’s success on stage and in the movies continued. The 40-year age difference in the marriage was another story. On October 7, 1927 Margaret White Keenan filed for divorce. The LA Times reported, “whatever the shortcomings of veteran actor Frank Keenan has as a husband, his wife’s maid says he was a mighty good customer of his bootlegger.” In divorce testimony the maid stated he bought three bottles of scotch at a time and a bottle usually lasted only a day. “Besides excessive intoxication, Mrs. Keenan complained that he had persuaded her to abandon a profitable career as a musician to marry him upon a promise to settle valuable properties upon her, and then after marriage he failed to do so.” The marriage lasted less than two years. Some sources say his drinking continued but it didn’t stop him from embarking on yet another stage tour of vaudeville theaters featuring the one act drama/comedy “The Second Performance” by Nancy Bradford. The exhausting tour took him from New York to Burlington, Vermont, Winnipeg, Canada, Milwaukee, Chicago, and Denver. Co-starring with him was 39-year old Leah Mae, whom Frank had known since she was a girl in Boston playing juvenile parts. The reviews were all excellent including the words of New York Times critic Percy Hammond: “Keenan, as usual, is typically American. Energy, commanding forcefulness, swiftness and sureness of decision and action, fearless – are all characteristics of his work. And a sense of humor ever lurks in the background – humor that is all the more relished because of the contrast with actor’s usual sternness of visage and attitude.” “Vaudeville,” says the actor, “is the most effective element in bringing to the so-called legitimate stage the absence of ‘blah’.” The nationwide tour of “The Second Performance” continued as an unlikely romance between the 70-year old actor and his 39-year old leading lady began to blossom. While playing the Orpheum Theater in Denver they married on October 11, 1928. There was no elaborate Honolulu honeymoon for this marriage. When the toured ended the couple returned to his Hollywood home at 1554 Poinsettia Place. In late February of 1929 Keenan developed a bad cold which turned to pneumonia. February 25, 1929 The Los Angeles Times wrote: “One of the original portrayers of Rip Van Winkle on the stage went to his final sleep yesterday. Frank Keenan, 70-year old veteran of stage and screen succumbed to an attack of pneumonia after an illness of about 5 days. Frank Keenan was well known throughout the country ad had appeared I stage productions in nearly every city of the United States. He was a star of the first magnitude and ranked among the foremast stage artists until he came west and took up motion picture work, in which field he also occupied a prominent position.” “He is said to have had one of the largest personal followings of any actor in the late 19th and early 20th century. He entered motion pictures in the early days of the industry and is said to have amassed a large fortune.” Frank Keenan had a brilliant stage career, great success on film and, through his daughter Hilda’s marriage to Ed Wynn, left a lasting memory of his name through Keenan Wynn who appeared in hundreds of films and television series between 1934 and 1986. Keenan had two sons, actor and writer Ned Wynn and Tracy Keenan Wynn, is a screenwriter whose credits include The Longest Yard and The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman and The Deep. The Keenan legacy lives on – and it all began in Dubuque, Iowa. Paul Hemmer sad that this has not been corrected Too Long. Needs editing. A lot of what you wrote belongs in his trivia. It is a nice composition though. Elizabeth, Employee Thanks so much for providing this, you can take a look at our mini bio guidelines here and resubmit these corrections; please provide us the submission reference number here once you do so we can take a look from our end. Data Issues & Policy Discussions	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line639
__label__wiki	0.664799	0.664799	By Carine Lai, Project Manager at Civic Exchange Over the years, many commentators have decried protest stunts in the Legislative Council, civil disobedience tactics and demonstrations as alarming signs of social decay. Yet, when seen in their historical context, today’s confrontations are not unusual. What actually stands out is a remarkably rule-abiding period from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s. This era of “polite politics” was the product of specific historical conditions, and its decline must be seen as a result of changing circumstances, not a decline of civic virtue. Colonial Hong Kong was no stranger to political unrest. Riots were instigated by Kuomintang supporters in 1956, and then by Communist Party supporters in 1967. The 1966 Star Ferry Riots, which erupted over a five-cent fare increase, was fuelled by anti-colonial sentiment and anger at corporate greed. Interestingly, in the 1970s, students campaigning against Japanese possession of the Diaoyu Islands and police corruption deliberately protested without permits to assert their right to free assembly, resulting in dozens of arrests. During the cold war, Hong Kong developed what political scientist Dr Lam Wai-man calls a culture of depoliticisation, which portrayed “politics” as dirty, underhand manipulation that decent citizens wanted nothing to do with. The colonial authorities blamed unrest on Communist troublemakers. Strikes over anything other than narrow labour issues were deemed illegitimate. Riots were explained away by youth boredom. Meanwhile, a few trusted elite were appointed to the Executive Council and Legco to present an image of social harmony. In this climate, moderate activists attempted to gain credibility by presenting themselves as non-threatening and respectable. They often claimed to be apolitical. While sharply criticising the government, they emphasised following the rules, even if the rules were unfair. The “politics of politeness” gained traction in the 1980s and 1990s as the departing colonial government gradually allowed more political expression. In the 1980s, when functional constituencies were introduced into a previously wholly appointed Legco, moderates including Martin Lee Chu-ming and Szeto Wah were attracted to run. The introduction of directly elected seats in the 1990s further opened up the field and legitimised moderate electoral politics. For a while, the “politics of politeness” worked. But now, demonised as obstructionists by the government and painted as sell-outs by their own side, moderate pan-democrats appear incapable of either pushing for democracy or solving Hong Kong’s problems. This has led to a proliferation of radical pro-democracy groups that find many supporters among the youth. A survey last year by Baptist University said 41 per cent of the supporters of radical pan-democratic parties – including the League of Social Democrats, People Power, the Labour Party and the Neo Democrats – are under 30, compared with just 23 per cent of supporters of the moderate Democratic Party and Civic Party. It is not surprising that the politics of politeness is in decline. It is a wonder that it lasted so long. If the government wants to reverse the current unrest, it needs to offer compromises to show that moderate opposition works. Tide Is Turning Author: Civic Exchange Civic Exchange is an independent think-tank founded in Hong Kong in 2000. We conduct public policy research related to the natural environment, urban planning and wellbeing. 灼見名家：以人為本　掌握綠色商機　締造宜居香港 Civic Exchange Releases Report on Wellbeing in Shanghai Civic Exchange Announces Hong Kong-Specific Wellbeing Survey Results Civic Exchange Announces Findings of Asian Urban Wellbeing Indicators Housing Target Doesn’t Add Up New Reports on Women’s Status Reveal Changing Faces of Hong Kong	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line642
__label__cc	0.590625	0.409375	Trial record 2 of 336 for: "Depressive Disorder" [DISEASE] AND Rating AND Reuptake A Study in Participants With Major Depressive Disorder Who Are Partial Responders to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor First Posted : August 19, 2010 Results First Posted : April 27, 2018 Last Update Posted : April 27, 2018 Allocation: Randomized; Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment; Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator); Primary Purpose: Treatment Drug: LY2216684 Drug: Placebo Drug: SSRI Participant Flow Top of Page Participant Flow Baseline Characteristics Outcome Measures Adverse Events Limitations and Caveats Information More Information Recruitment Details Pre-assignment Details The first 3 weeks of the study was a double-blind Confirmation Phase during which participants continued to receive their SSRI with adjunctive placebo. If randomization criteria were met, participants were randomized to adjunctive LY2216684 or adjunctive placebo. If criteria were not met, participants continued on placebo to maintain the blind. Arm/Group Title Placebo + SSRI (Pre-randomized Participants) LY2216684 + SSRI (Randomized Participants) Placebo + SSRI (Randomized Participants) Placebo + SSRI (Non-randomized Participants) Arm/Group Description Placebo: Administered orally, once ... LY2216684: 12 or 18 milligrams (mg)... Placebo: Administered orally, once ... Placebo: Administered orally, once ... Arm/Group Description Placebo: Administered orally, once daily for 3 weeks, adjunctive to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) LY2216684: 12 or 18 milligrams (mg), administered orally, once daily for 8 weeks, adjunctive to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Placebo: Administered orally, once daily for 8 weeks, adjunctive to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Placebo: Administered orally, once daily for 8 weeks, adjunctive to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Period Title: Confirmation (CF) Phase, 3 Weeks Started 1056 0 0 0 Entered Discontinuation (DC) Phase 18 [1] 0 0 0 Completed 968 [2] 0 0 0 Not Completed 88 0 0 0 Reason Not Completed Adverse Event 24 0 0 0 Lack of Efficacy 6 0 0 0 Lost to Follow-up 5 0 0 0 Physician Decision 2 0 0 0 Protocol Violation 16 0 0 0 Withdrawal by Subject 32 0 0 0 Sponsor Decision 3 0 0 0 Participants who discontinued the CF Phase early had the option to enter the DC Phase. Participants who completed the CF Phase entered the Adjunctive Treatment (AT) Phase. Period Title: Adjunctive Treatment (AT) Phase, 8 Weeks Started 0 230 219 519 Entered Discontinuation (DC) Phase 0 206 [1] 204 [1] 483 [1] Completed 0 195 186 458 Not Completed 0 35 33 61 Adverse Event 0 13 8 13 Protocol Violation 0 5 2 5 Withdrawal by Subject 0 8 8 24 Participants who completed the AT Phase or discontinued early had the option to enter the DC Phase. Baseline Characteristics Arm/Group Description LY2216684: 12 or 18 milligrams (mg)... Placebo: Administered orally, once ... Placebo: Administered orally, once ... Total of all reporting groups Arm/Group Description LY2216684: 12 or 18 milligrams (mg), administered orally, once daily for 8 weeks, adjunctive to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Placebo: Administered orally, once daily for 8 weeks, adjunctive to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Placebo: Administered orally, once daily for 8 weeks, adjunctive to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Total of all reporting groups Overall Number of Baseline Participants Baseline Analysis Population Description ... Baseline Analysis Population Description Participants who completed the Confirmation (CF) Phase and were randomized to adjunctive LY2216684 or adjunctive placebo or who did not met randomization criteria and continued on placebo to maintain the blind. Age, Continuous Mean (Standard Deviation) Unit of measure: Years Number Analyzed 230 participants 219 participants 519 participants 968 participants 48.29 (11.90) 48.44 (11.39) 47.39 (12.68) 47.84 (12.21) Sex: Female, Male Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of measure: Participants Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino Unknown or Not Reported Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander More than one race Region of Enrollment Number Analyzed 230 participants 219 participants 519 participants 968 participants 1.Primary Outcome Change From Randomization to Week 8 in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating S... The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS had a 10-item checklist. Items were rated on a scale of 0 to 6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusting for treatment, investigator, visit, baseline score, treatment-by-visit, and baseline score-by-visit. Randomization, 8 weeks Outcome Measure Data Outcome Measure Data Analysis Population Description All randomized participants who have non-missing values at the time of randomization and at least one post-randomization value. LY2216684 + SSRI Placebo + SSRI Arm/Group Description: LY2216684: 12 or 18 milligrams (mg)... Placebo: Administered orally, once ... Arm/Group Description: LY2216684: 12 or 18 milligrams (mg), administered orally, once daily for 8 weeks, adjunctive to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Placebo: Administered orally, once daily for 8 weeks, adjunctive to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Overall Number of Participants Analyzed Least Squares Mean (Standard Error) Unit of Measure: units on a scale -8.73 (0.55) -8.49 (0.57) Statistical Analysis 1 Statistical Analysis 1 Statistical Analysis Overview Comparison Group Selection LY2216684 + SSRI, Placebo + SSRI [Not Specified] Type of Statistical Test Superiority or Other Statistical Test of Hypothesis Mixed Models Analysis 2.Secondary Outcome Change From Randomization to Week 8 in Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) Global Functional Impairment Score The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) was completed by the participant an... The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) was completed by the participant and used to assess the effect of the participant's symptoms on their work (Item 1), social (Item 2), and family life (Item 3). Each item is measured on a 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely) point scale with higher values indicating greater disruption. The Global Functional Impairment Score is the sum of the 3 items, and scores ranged from 0 to 30 with higher values indicating greater disruption in the participant's work life (work/school impairment score), social life (social life/leisure activities impairment score), and family life (family life/home responsibilities impairment score). Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusting for treatment, investigator, visit, baseline score, treatment-by-visit, and baseline score-by-visit. Change From Randomization to Week 8 in Fatigue Associated With Depression (FAsD) Impact Subscale Score The Fatigue Associated with Depression (FAsD) is a participant- The Fatigue Associated with Depression (FAsD) is a participant-rated scale with a total of 13 items. Six of the 13 items ask how often participants experience different aspects of fatigue with responses from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Seven of the 13 items ask how often fatigue impacts various aspects of the participant's lives with responses from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much). The impact subscale score was derived by taking the mean of Items 7 through 13 (applicable items only). Item 12 applied only to participants with a spouse or significant other, and Item 13 applied to participants who had a job or who went to school. The FAsD impact subscale score ranges from 1 to 5. Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusting for treatment, investigator, visit, baseline subscale score, treatment-by-visit, and baseline subscale score-by-visit. Probability of Participants Achieving a Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score of Less Than or Equal to 10 at Week 8 A Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Sca... A Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score of less than or equal to 10 was defined as remission criteria. The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS had a 10-item checklist. Items were rated on a scale of 0 to 6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). A categorical repeated measures analysis modeled the probability of remission at each visit, and the estimated probabilities were adjusted for treatment, visit, baseline MADRS total score, and treatment-by-visit. Unit of Measure: probability 0.313 (0.034) 0.251 (0.032) Percentage of Participants Achieving a Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score of Less Than or Equal to 10 for at Least 2 Consecutive Measurements, Including the Participant's Last Measurement A Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score of less than or equal to 10 for at least 2 consecutive measurements, including the participant's last measurement was defined as remission criteria at last 2 consecutive visits. The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS had a 10-item checklist. Items were rated on a scale of 0 to 6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). Percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants who meet criteria for remission at last 2 consecutive visits by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100%. Randomization up to 8 weeks Measure Type: Number Unit of Measure: percentage of participants Change From Randomization to Week 8 in Hospital and Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) Anxiety Subscale Score The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item question... The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item questionnaire with 2 subscales: anxiety and depression. Each item was rated on a 4-point scale (0-3), giving maximum scores of 21 for anxiety and depression subscale. Scores of 11 or more on either subscale were considered to be a significant 'case' of psychological morbidity, while scores of 8-10 represent 'borderline' and 0-7 represent 'normal'. Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusting for treatment, investigator, visit, baseline subscale score, treatment-by-visit, and baseline subscale score-by-visit. Probability of Participants Who Have a Greater Than or Equal to 50 Percent Improvement in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score at Week 8 A greater than or equal to 50 percent improvement (that is, a decrease... A greater than or equal to 50 percent improvement (that is, a decrease from baseline) in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score was defined as response criteria. The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS had a 10-item checklist. Items were rated on a scale of 0 to 6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). A categorical repeated measures analysis modeled the probability of response at each visit, and the estimated probabilities were adjusted for treatment, visit, baseline MADRS total score, and treatment-by-visit. Change From Randomization to Week 8 in The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) Depression Subscale Score Change From Randomization to Week 8 in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Individual Items The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS had a 10-item checklist. Items were rated on a scale of 0 to 6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusting for treatment, investigator, visit, baseline item score, treatment-by-visit and baseline item score-by-visit. Apparent Sadness Reported Sadness Inner Tension Reduced Sleep Reduced Appetite Concentration Difficulties Lassitude Inability to Feel Pessimistic Thoughts 10.Secondary Outcome Change From Randomization to Week 8 in Clinical Global Impressions of Severity (CGI-S) Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI-S) measures severity of dep... Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI-S) measures severity of depression at the time of assessment compared with the start of treatment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill participants). Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusting for treatment, investigator, visit, baseline score, treatment-by-visit, and baseline score-by-visit. Change From Randomization to Week 8 in Fatigue Associated With Depression (FAsD) Average Score and Experience Subscale Score The Fatigue Associated with Depression (FAsD) is a participant-rated scale with a total of 13 items. Six of the 13 items ask how often participants experience different aspects of fatigue with responses from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Seven of the 13 items ask how often fatigue impacts various aspects of the participant's lives with responses from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much). The experience subscale score was derived by taking the mean of Items 1 through 6, and the average score was the mean of Items 1 through 13 (derived by taking the mean of all applicable items for each participant). Item 12 applied only to participants with a spouse or significant other, and Item 13 applied to participants who had a job or who went to school. Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusting for treatment, investigator, visit, baseline score, treatment-by-visit, and baseline score-by-visit. FAsD average score 217 participants 209 participants FAsD experience subscale score Change From Randomization to Week 8 in Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) Items The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) was completed by the participant and used to assess the effect of the participant's symptoms on their work (work/school impairment score), social life (social life/leisure activities impairment score), and family life (family life/home responsibilities impairment score). Each item is measured on a 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely) point scale with higher values indicating greater disruption. Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusting for treatment, investigator, visit, baseline item score, treatment-by-visit, and baseline item score-by-visit. Work impairment score Social life impairment score Family life impairment score Change From Randomization to Week 8 in the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short For... The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) is a self-administered, 16-item questionnaire measuring degree of enjoyment and satisfaction experienced in various areas of daily life during the past week on a 5-point Likert scale (1=very poor and 5=very good). The total raw score is the sum of Items 1 to 14 and ranges from 14 to 70. The raw scores are converted to and expressed as the percentage of the maximum possible score. Higher scores indicate higher levels of enjoyment/satisfaction. Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusting for treatment, investigator, visit, baseline score, treatment-by-visit, and baseline score-by-visit. Unit of Measure: percentage of the maximum possible score 10.37 (1.09) 9.30 (1.12) Change From Randomization to Week 8 in the EuroQol Questionnaire-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) The EQ-5D Visual Analog Scale is a generic, multidimensional, health-r... The EQ-5D Visual Analog Scale is a generic, multidimensional, health-related, quality-of-life instrument. Overall health state score is self-reported using a visual analogue scale, marked on a scale of 0 to 100 with 0 representing worst imaginable health state and 100 representing best imaginable health state. Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusting for treatment, investigator, visit, baseline score, treatment-by-visit, and baseline score-by-visit. 10.367 (1.218) 9.644 (1.252) Percentage of Participants With Treatment-emergent Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors Assessed by Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scal... The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) captured occurrence, severity, and frequency of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors. Suicidal ideation was defined as a "yes" answer to any 1 of 5 suicidal ideation questions, which included a wish to be dead and 4 different categories of active suicidal ideation. Suicidal behavior was defined as a "yes" answer to any of 5 suicidal behavior questions: preparatory acts or behavior, aborted attempt, interrupted attempt, actual attempt, and completed suicide. Suicidal ideation and behavior are defined as treatment-emergent (TE) if not present at baseline. Percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants with suicide-related TE events by the total number of participants at risk, multiplied by 100%. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Event module. TE suicidal ideation TE suicidal behavior Change From Randomization to Week 8 in Arizona Sexual Experiences (ASEX) Scale The Arizona Sexual Experiences (ASEX) scale was used to assess sexual ... The Arizona Sexual Experiences (ASEX) scale was used to assess sexual functioning in both males and females. The ASEX total score for the male and female version was calculated as the sum of the responses (rated from 1 [extremely] to 6 [no/never]) of the 5 items of the ASEX scale. Total scores ranged from 5 to 30, with higher scores indicating greater sexual dysfunction. Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusting for treatment, investigator, visit, baseline score, treatment-by-visit, and baseline score-by-visit. Change From Randomization to Week 8 in Massachusetts General Hospital Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire (CPFQ) The Massachusetts General Hospital Cognitive and Physical Functioning ... The Massachusetts General Hospital Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire (CPFQ) is a 7-item participant-rated questionnaire pertaining to a participant's cognitive and physical well-being. It assesses motivation, wakefulness, energy, focus, recall, word-finding difficulty, and mental acuity. Each item was scored on a 6-point scale ranging from 1 (greater than normal) to 6 (totally absent). Total scores ranged from 7 to 42. Higher scores indicate greater disease severity. Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusting for treatment, investigator, visit, baseline score, treatment-by-visit, and baseline score-by-visit. Change From Randomization to Week 8 in Blood Pressure Blood pressure measurements were collected when the participant was in... Blood pressure measurements were collected when the participant was in a sitting position. Three measurements of sitting blood pressure collected at approximately 1-minute intervals at every visit were averaged and used as the value for the visit. Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusting for treatment, investigator, visit, baseline value, treatment-by-visit, and baseline value-by-visit. Unit of Measure: millimeters of mercury (mmHg) Systolic blood pressure 3.09 (0.67) 0.27 (0.69) Diastolic blood pressure Change From Randomization to Week 8 in Pulse Rate Pulse measurements were collected when the participant was in a sittin... Pulse measurements were collected when the participant was in a sitting position. Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusting for treatment, investigator, visit, baseline value, treatment-by-visit, and baseline value-by-visit. Unit of Measure: beats per minute (bpm) 9.64 (0.67) -1.49 (0.69) Time Frame Confirmation (CF) Phase: Week 0 through Week 3 Adjunctive Treatment (AT) Phase: Week 4 through Week 11 Discontinuation (DC) Phase: The week following completion of the AT Phase (Week 12) or early discontinuation of the CF Phase or AT Phase Adverse Event Reporting Description [Not Specified] Arm/Group Title Placebo + SSRI (Pre-randomized) - CF Phase LY2216684 + SSRI (Randomized) - AT Phase Placebo + SSRI (Randomized) - AT Phase Placebo + SSRI (Non-randomized) - AT Phase Placebo + SSRI (Pre-randomized) - DC Phase LY2216684 + SSRI (Randomized) - DC Phase Placebo + SSRI (Randomized) - DC Phase Placebo + SSRI (Non-randomized) - DC Phase Arm/Group Description Placebo: Administered orally, once ... LY2216684: 12 or 18 milligrams (mg)... Placebo: Administered orally, once ... Placebo: Administered orally, once ... No study drug was administered. Par... No study drug was administered. Par... No study drug was administered. Par... No study drug was administered. Par... Arm/Group Description Includes all enrolled participants who did not discontinue for the reason ‘Lost to Follow-up’ at the first post-baseline visit during the Confirmation (CF) Phase. Includes randomized participants who did not discontinue for the reason ‘Lost to Follow-up’ at the first post-randomization visit during the Adjunctive Treatment (AT) Phase. Includes all non-randomized participants who did not discontinue for the reason ‘Lost to Follow-up’ at the first post-randomization visit during the Adjunctive Treatment (AT) Phase. No study drug was administered. Participants were to maintain their selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment at a stable dose for 1 week. Includes all enrolled participants who abruptly discontinued placebo after early withdrawal during the Confirmation (CF) Phase and who did not discontinue for the reason ‘Lost to Follow-up’ at the Discontinuation (DC) Phase visit. Includes all randomized participants who abruptly discontinued LY2216684 either at the end of the study or after early withdrawal from the study and who did not discontinue for the reason ‘Lost to Follow-up’ at the Discontinuation (DC) Phase visit. Includes all randomized participants who abruptly discontinued placebo either at the end of the study or after early withdrawal from the study and who did not discontinue for the reason ‘Lost to Follow-up’ at the Discontinuation (DC) Phase visit. Includes all non-randomized participants who abruptly discontinued placebo either at the end of the study or after early withdrawal from the study and who did not discontinue for the reason ‘Lost to Follow-up’ at the Discontinuation (DC) Phase visit. All-Cause Mortality Placebo + SSRI (Pre-randomized) - CF Phase LY2216684 + SSRI (Randomized) - AT Phase Placebo + SSRI (Randomized) - AT Phase Placebo + SSRI (Non-randomized) - AT Phase Placebo + SSRI (Pre-randomized) - DC Phase LY2216684 + SSRI (Randomized) - DC Phase Placebo + SSRI (Randomized) - DC Phase Placebo + SSRI (Non-randomized) - DC Phase Affected / at Risk (%) Affected / at Risk (%) Affected / at Risk (%) Affected / at Risk (%) Affected / at Risk (%) Affected / at Risk (%) Affected / at Risk (%) Affected / at Risk (%) Total --/-- --/-- --/-- --/-- --/-- --/-- --/-- --/-- Serious Adverse Events Serious Adverse Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Total 9/1052 (0.86%) 7/228 (3.07%) 7/218 (3.21%) 12/519 (2.31%) 1/18 (5.56%) 2/206 (0.97%) 4/202 (1.98%) 4/482 (0.83%) Cardiac disorders Atrial fibrillation † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 0/228 (0.00%) 0 2/218 (0.92%) 2 0/519 (0.00%) 0 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 1/202 (0.50%) 1 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Myocardial infarction † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 1/228 (0.44%) 1 0/218 (0.00%) 0 0/519 (0.00%) 0 0/18 (0.00%) 0 1/206 (0.49%) 1 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Faecaloma † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 0/228 (0.00%) 0 0/218 (0.00%) 0 1/519 (0.19%) 1 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Food poisoning † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 1/228 (0.44%) 1 0/218 (0.00%) 0 0/519 (0.00%) 0 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Gastritis † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 0/228 (0.00%) 0 0/218 (0.00%) 0 1/519 (0.19%) 1 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 1/482 (0.21%) 1 General disorders Non-cardiac chest pain † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 0/228 (0.00%) 0 0/218 (0.00%) 0 1/519 (0.19%) 1 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Infections and infestations Pneumonia † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 0/228 (0.00%) 0 0/218 (0.00%) 0 1/519 (0.19%) 1 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 1/482 (0.21%) 1 Postoperative wound infection † 1 1/1052 (0.10%) 1 0/228 (0.00%) 0 0/218 (0.00%) 0 1/519 (0.19%) 1 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Injury, poisoning and procedural complications Facial bones fracture † 1 1/1052 (0.10%) 1 0/228 (0.00%) 0 0/218 (0.00%) 0 0/519 (0.00%) 0 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Multiple injuries † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 0/228 (0.00%) 0 0/218 (0.00%) 0 1/519 (0.19%) 1 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Road traffic accident † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 0/228 (0.00%) 0 0/218 (0.00%) 0 1/519 (0.19%) 1 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Tibia fracture † 1 1/1052 (0.10%) 1 0/228 (0.00%) 0 0/218 (0.00%) 0 1/519 (0.19%) 1 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Blood creatinine increased † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 1/228 (0.44%) 1 1/218 (0.46%) 1 0/519 (0.00%) 0 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Blood urea increased † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 1/228 (0.44%) 1 0/218 (0.00%) 0 0/519 (0.00%) 0 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Metabolism and nutrition disorders Diabetes mellitus † 1 1/1052 (0.10%) 1 0/228 (0.00%) 0 0/218 (0.00%) 0 1/519 (0.19%) 1 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Rotator cuff syndrome † 1 1/1052 (0.10%) 1 0/228 (0.00%) 0 1/218 (0.46%) 1 0/519 (0.00%) 0 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 1/202 (0.50%) 1 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) Breast cancer † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 1/228 (0.44%) 1 0/218 (0.00%) 0 1/519 (0.19%) 1 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Cerebral infarction † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 0/228 (0.00%) 0 0/218 (0.00%) 0 1/519 (0.19%) 1 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Sciatica † 1 1/1052 (0.10%) 1 0/228 (0.00%) 0 0/218 (0.00%) 0 1/519 (0.19%) 1 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 1/482 (0.21%) 1 Anxiety † 1 1/1052 (0.10%) 1 0/228 (0.00%) 0 0/218 (0.00%) 0 0/519 (0.00%) 0 1/18 (5.56%) 1 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Depression † 1 1/1052 (0.10%) 1 2/228 (0.88%) 2 0/218 (0.00%) 0 0/519 (0.00%) 0 0/18 (0.00%) 0 1/206 (0.49%) 1 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Major depression † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 1/228 (0.44%) 1 0/218 (0.00%) 0 0/519 (0.00%) 0 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Suicidal ideation † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 0/228 (0.00%) 0 2/218 (0.92%) 2 1/519 (0.19%) 1 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 2/202 (0.99%) 2 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Suicide attempt † 1 1/1052 (0.10%) 1 0/228 (0.00%) 0 2/218 (0.92%) 2 0/519 (0.00%) 0 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 1/202 (0.50%) 1 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Renal and urinary disorders Nephrolithiasis † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 0/228 (0.00%) 0 0/218 (0.00%) 0 1/519 (0.19%) 1 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 1/482 (0.21%) 1 Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Pulmonary embolism † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 0/228 (0.00%) 0 0/218 (0.00%) 0 1/519 (0.19%) 1 0/18 (0.00%) 0 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Indicates events were collected by systematic assessment Term from vocabulary, MedDRA 16.0 Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events Frequency Threshold for Reporting Other Adverse Events 5% Total 270/1052 (25.67%) 87/228 (38.16%) 44/218 (20.18%) 128/519 (24.66%) 5/18 (27.78%) 39/206 (18.93%) 22/202 (10.89%) 70/482 (14.52%) Abdominal discomfort † 1 6/1052 (0.57%) 7 2/228 (0.88%) 2 0/218 (0.00%) 0 2/519 (0.39%) 2 1/18 (5.56%) 1 1/206 (0.49%) 1 0/202 (0.00%) 0 2/482 (0.41%) 2 Dry mouth † 1 33/1052 (3.14%) 35 9/228 (3.95%) 9 4/218 (1.83%) 4 7/519 (1.35%) 7 1/18 (5.56%) 1 2/206 (0.97%) 2 0/202 (0.00%) 0 1/482 (0.21%) 1 Nausea † 1 54/1052 (5.13%) 56 19/228 (8.33%) 24 7/218 (3.21%) 9 16/519 (3.08%) 17 2/18 (11.11%) 2 4/206 (1.94%) 4 5/202 (2.48%) 5 10/482 (2.07%) 10 Vomiting † 1 7/1052 (0.67%) 7 14/228 (6.14%) 16 4/218 (1.83%) 5 7/519 (1.35%) 7 1/18 (5.56%) 1 2/206 (0.97%) 2 1/202 (0.50%) 1 1/482 (0.21%) 1 Nasopharyngitis † 1 36/1052 (3.42%) 37 12/228 (5.26%) 13 11/218 (5.05%) 12 31/519 (5.97%) 31 1/18 (5.56%) 1 2/206 (0.97%) 2 0/202 (0.00%) 0 6/482 (1.24%) 6 Dizziness † 1 28/1052 (2.66%) 30 14/228 (6.14%) 14 6/218 (2.75%) 6 7/519 (1.35%) 7 1/18 (5.56%) 1 3/206 (1.46%) 3 4/202 (1.98%) 4 9/482 (1.87%) 9 Headache † 1 117/1052 (11.12%) 137 26/228 (11.40%) 35 14/218 (6.42%) 17 53/519 (10.21%) 64 3/18 (16.67%) 3 27/206 (13.11%) 30 14/202 (6.93%) 14 47/482 (9.75%) 53 Somnolence † 1 11/1052 (1.05%) 12 0/228 (0.00%) 0 1/218 (0.46%) 1 3/519 (0.58%) 3 1/18 (5.56%) 1 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 2/482 (0.41%) 2 Tension headache † 1 2/1052 (0.19%) 2 1/228 (0.44%) 1 1/218 (0.46%) 1 3/519 (0.58%) 3 1/18 (5.56%) 1 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 0/482 (0.00%) 0 Tremor † 1 4/1052 (0.38%) 4 4/228 (1.75%) 5 0/218 (0.00%) 0 4/519 (0.77%) 4 1/18 (5.56%) 1 2/206 (0.97%) 2 1/202 (0.50%) 1 4/482 (0.83%) 4 Disorientation † 1 0/1052 (0.00%) 0 1/228 (0.44%) 1 0/218 (0.00%) 0 0/519 (0.00%) 0 1/18 (5.56%) 1 0/206 (0.00%) 0 0/202 (0.00%) 0 1/482 (0.21%) 1 Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Hyperhidrosis † 1 29/1052 (2.76%) 29 27/228 (11.84%) 27 2/218 (0.92%) 2 14/519 (2.70%) 14 0/18 (0.00%) 0 4/206 (1.94%) 4 1/202 (0.50%) 1 1/482 (0.21%) 1 Certain Agreements Principal Investigators are NOT employed by the organization sponsoring the study. There IS an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed. Results Point of Contact Name/Title: Chief Medical Officer Organization: Eli Lilly and Company Stauffer VL, Liu P, Goldberger C, Marangell LB, Nelson C, Gorwood P, Fava M. Is the Noradrenergic Symptom Cluster a Valid Construct in Adjunctive Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder? J Clin Psychiatry. 2017 Mar;78(3):317-323. doi: 10.4088/JCP.15m09972. Ball SG, Ferguson MB, Martinez JM, Pangallo BA, Nery ES, Dellva MA, Sparks J, Zhang Q, Liu P, Bangs M, Goldberger C. Efficacy outcomes from 3 clinical trials of edivoxetine as adjunctive treatment for patients with major depressive disorder who are partial responders to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016 May;77(5):635-42. doi: 10.4088/JCP.14m09619. Responsible Party: Eli Lilly and Company Other Study ID Numbers: 12183 H9P-MC-LNBR ( Other Identifier: Eli Lilly and Company ) First Submitted: August 18, 2010 First Posted: August 19, 2010 Results First Submitted: February 17, 2018 Results First Posted: April 27, 2018 Last Update Posted: April 27, 2018	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line648
__label__cc	0.561963	0.438037	Colorado Women's Hall of Fame Blog Posted on March 11, 2019 March 11, 2019 by cogreatwomen Girl Scouts of Colorado Partnership Girl Scouts of Colorado and Colorado Women’s Hall of Fame Launch Colorado Women’s History Patch Program Girl Scouts of Colorado (GSCO) and the Colorado Women’s Hall of Fame (CWHF) have joined forces to create a patch for Girl Scouts of all ages. The history of women isn’t taught in Colorado schools. Since the Girl Scouts provide opportunities for girls to learn by exploring their interests, passions and dreams, the exposure to great Colorado women – both historic and contemporary — provides role models to begin to fill that gap. “As Girl Scouts, girls prepare for a lifetime of leadership, success, and adventure in a safe, no-limits place designed for and by girls,” says Stephanie Foote, President and CEO of GSCO, “The idea is to learn by doing and be inspired to discover her talents and passions in a safe and supportive allgirl setting. Along with other Girl Scouts and people in her community, our girls have the potential to change the world.” CWHF highlights extraordinary women, their accomplishments and impact on Colorado, the United States and even the world. Hall inductees are women who, through grit and grace, have advanced the roles of today’s women to levels of heightened recognition and models of inspiration. “Who better than CWHF to provide an adventure in learning about contemporary and historic Colorado women,” asks Beth Barela, CWHF board chair. “The mission synergy between our two organizations is uncanny. The Colorado women in the Hall are leaders, trail blazers, pioneers and even unsung heroes who have endured challenges, discrimination, hardship, loss, but also great successes. They are shining examples of the potential of all women.” CWHF and GSCO believe that bringing these inspirational stories to Girl Scouts through a fun, engaging and challenging activity like earning this patch, will begin to help girls to know about those who have gone before them, and in doing so, inspire these young women and girls to play a bigger role in shaping the future. To earn the CWHF patch, Girl Scouts can complete at least three of the following seven activities within a 12-month period. After earning the patch, the Girl Scout/Girl Scout troop is invited to share their experiences on the Girl Scouts of Colorado blog! “Considering that 2019 is the 100th anniversary of women’s right to vote, a critical milestone in the women’s equal rights movement, still today,” says Barela. “Throughout Colorado this year there will be ample discussion, publicity, exhibits and events celebrating 100 years of women’s suffrage. What a perfect year to launch this partnership with the Girl Scouts.” “We are the preeminent leadership development organization for girls,” says Foote. “Girl Scouts builds girls of courage, confidence, and character who make the world a better place.” About Girl Scouts of Colorado Girl Scouts of Colorado is 32,000 strong—more than 22,000 girls and 10,000 adults who believe in the power of every G.I.R.L. (Go-getter, Innovator, Risk-taker, Leader)™ to change the world. Our extraordinary journey began more than 100 years ago with the original G.I.R.L., Juliette Gordon “Daisy” Low. On March 12, 1912, in Savannah, Ga., she organized the very first Girl Scout troop, and every year since, we’ve honored her vision and legacy, building girls of courage, confidence, and character who make the world a better place. We’re the preeminent leadership development organization for girls. Girl Scouts offers every girl a chance to practice a lifetime of leadership, adventure, and success. To volunteer, reconnect, donate, or join, visit www.girlscoutsofcolorado.org About the Colorado Women’s Hall of Fame: The Colorado Women’s Hall of Fame was created to recognize, honor and preserve the contributions of trailblazing Colorado women. Both historical and contemporary women have shared foresight, vision and accomplishment, but lacked a forum for recognition. Since 1985, the Hall has inducted 152 extraordinary women who have been outstanding in their field, elevated the status of women, helped open new frontiers for women or inspired others by their example. Inductees include scientists, teachers, social activists, philanthropists, authors, business leaders, elected officials and more. To learn more about inductees, visit: Women of the Hall Stay in touch via Facebook or Twitter @ColoradoWHF. Previous PostPrevious Second Season of Great Colorado Women Next PostNext Media Partner Spotlight: Pauline Rivera About Kristin Stork, Director of Strategic Partnerships, Denver7 Media Partner Spotlight: Pauline Rivera Second Season of Great Colorado Women Home Page of Colorado Women's Hall of Fame Portrait Exhibit	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line652
__label__wiki	0.521597	0.521597	Apr25 Comments Off on A prediction for the next episode of ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 8 A prediction for the next episode of ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 8 By Max Berman SPOILER ALERT — This theory will happen, mark my words. “Game of Thrones” is certainly the best television show ever created. It excels at character development, building anticipation, and, of course, epic and gruesome battle scenes. Watching Jon Snow face off against a horde of men on horses or Drogon sweeping over a vast army of golden cloaked Lannister soldiers is satisfyingly delicious. But what made me fall in love with the show was not the sword, it was the intelligence behind the knight wielding the weapon. George R.R. Martin and the showrunners — David Benioff and Dan Weiss — create complexity within each episode. This complexity encourages viewers to theorize what will happen next. Season 7 partially failed fans by rushing through the intricate moments that make the show incredible. But based on the quality of the last two episodes, Season 8 seems like it is undoubtedly going to improve upon last season’s failures. “A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms” was by far my favorite episode, excluding episodes that didn’t have a major battle sequence. This episode set the table for what is likely to be the longest, most expensive and most impactful episode of all time. Everyone needs to watch the next episode, whatever it will be named, this Sunday night. What’s most exciting is the fact that no one knows who will win, who will die and how it all will happen. Well, except I do know one thing: the Night King won’t make an appearance at Winterfell. Why? Because he will be traveling down to King’s Landing to destroy it. I’m quite certain of this prediction and there are a few clues that led me to this conclusion. In Season 2, when Daenerys of the House Targaryen, the First of Her Name, The Unburnt, Queen of the Andals, the Rhoynar and the First Men, Queen of Meereen, Khaleesi of the Great Grass Sea, Protector of the Realm, Lady Regent of the Seven Kingdoms, Breaker of Chains and Mother of Dragons — wow I’m out of breath — visits the House of the Undying, she has an extremely consequential vision. Daenerys walks through the throne room, but it is destroyed, and the ground is covered in a white material. Initially, I thought this was ash from a fire. But, after I became convinced the Night King was going to resurrect a dead dragon, which came to fruition at the end of last season, I knew the white material couldn’t be ash. This was snow. It’s quite clear it has to be snow since Daenerys later walks beyond the wall in the North in her vision. This, by far, is the biggest signifier that the Night King will destroy King’s Landing with “Ice Viserion.” But, there’s another clue that aids my argument. During the last episode of Season 7, Tyrion Lannister and Jon Snow, or should I say Aegon Targaryen, have a conversation on a boat that looks over King’s Landing. “How many people live here?” Jon utters in his bruting, deep voice. “A million, give or take,” Tyrion replies. “That’s more people in the North, crammed into that,” Jon says, while looking at the filthy city. It may seem I’m grasping at straws, but trust me, this is a sign. The Night King’s goal is to wipe out humanity and King’s Landing is the center of humanity in Westeros. It would be highly efficient for the Night King to commit a surprise attack, adding one-million souls to the army of the dead. The destruction of King’s Landing by the Night King would be a shock to most “Game of Thrones” viewers. I doubt this is how Cersei would meet her death, but it would be a good way to kill off Euron Greyjoy and the Golden Company. Greyjoy and the Golden Company complicate the story in an unnecessary way. As we wait to watch the next episode this Sunday, I’d advise everyone in Westeros, no matter how isolated or how South they are, to keep in mind one thing — Winter is Here. FANatic Friday, Pop Culture, Television battle scenes, binge-watch, Breaker of Chains, Cersei, characters, Daenerys, dragons, FANatic Friday, FANatic Fridays, fantasy, First of Her Name, Game of Thrones, House of the Undying, Jon Snow, Khaleesi, Khaleesi of the Great Grass Sea, King's Landing, knight, Lady Regent of the Seven Kingdoms, Lannister, Max Berman, Mother of Dragons, pop culture, Prediction, Protector of the Realm, Queen of Meereen, Queen of the Andals, Rhoynar, Rhoynar and the First Men, Season 8, Seven Kingdoms, spoiler alert, spoilers, sword, swords, television, The Unburnt, theory, tv, vision, Westeros, Winter is Here, Winterfell ← Why I’m not keeping Passover this year Did Lil Dicky’s song ‘Earth’ deliver its intended message? →	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line653
__label__wiki	0.856989	0.856989	Law School Admissions Law School Consulting Law School Preparation Speaking at Your School Admissions Consulting 101 Directory of Blog Posts Welcome to My World: Panel Discussion with Law School Admission Deans 29 June 2016 on Admissions, News, Advice, Webinar Join us for this informative discussion featuring comments from highly experienced current and former law school admission deans who will reveal the human side of admissions, how and why some applicants "come alive" in the review process, and the inner dynamics of how law school admission decisions are made. Following panelists' remarks will be a Q&A segment during time webinar participants will be able to ask questions of the admission professionals. Panelists and bios: Mike Spivey is the founding partner of The Spivey Consulting Group LLC. Previously, Mike helped lead the admissions, employment and external outreach efforts while at Vanderbilt University, Washington University in St. Louis, and The University of Colorado. Over the course of his professional career, he has helped counsel thousands of students through the admissions, scholarship and legal career search processes. He has been a featured speaker and panelist at more than fifty prestigious universities including Princeton University, Stanford University, and Dartmouth College and has been sought out as a consultant at numerous law schools. Anne M. Richard served as dean of admissions at the University of Virginia School of Law, George Washington University Law School, and George Mason University School of Law. She has counseled thousands of aspiring attorneys and has played an integral role in determining the composition of incoming law classes. In her current position as chief executive and consultant at AMRichard Prelaw and Educational Consulting, Ms. Richard assists clients with an array of services surrounding the law school admission process. She is a graduate of Yale Law School and, prior to entering higher education, served as a trial attorney in the US Department of Justice and as a litigation partner in a major Virginia law firm. Rob Schwartz has served as dean of admissions and financial aid at the UCLA School of Law since October 2006, after serving for 11 years as dean of admissions at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law of Yeshiva University. A 1992 magna cum laude graduate of Cardozo Law, he practiced for several years before entering the law school admissions profession. Rob has been an active member of the Law School Admission Council (LSAC), serving on several committees including the Services and Programs Committee, the Annual Meeting and Educational Conference Committee and the New Admissions Personnel Workshop Committee. Chuck Roboski has served as a director/dean of admissions at six law schools, including Michigan State University, the University of Notre Dame, and The Ohio State University. During the course of his career as a law school admission professional he has worked with dozens of admission committee members, reviewed more than 50,000 law school applications, and has counseled thousands of pre-law students. As dean of admissions at Michigan State University College of Law his responsibilities include the awarding of scholarships for all incoming law students. For more information and registration, please see: http://law.msu.edu/admissions/webinars/Welcome-Admission-Panel.html Mike Spivey Boulder, CO https://www.spiveyconsulting.com 2015/16 Law School Admissions Cycle Data as of 6/24 Last year at this time, we had 96% of the preliminary final applicant count. Highest LSAT # Applicants % Change YTD… Urbach-Wiethe Disease [and the LSAT] A MIDDLE-AGED WOMAN known as SM blithely reaches for poisonous snakes, giggles in haunted houses and once, upon escaping… Spivey Consulting © 2019	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line657
__label__wiki	0.653103	0.653103	A History of Graffiti June 12, 2014 by MuffyMarracco Graffiti – you see it everywhere from city streets to high school hallways. Graffiti can run the gamut from hastily scribbled tags of someone’s street name to carefully thought-out art that critiques contemporary society. The word graffiti comes from the Italian language. “Graffiti” is actually the plural of the word “graffito.” They are both derived from the word graffio, which means “a scratch.” The original graffiti was scratched into the surface, not just painted. Ultimately, the word is derived from Greek – graphein – meaning to write, draw, or scratch. (This gives us the common word root –graph.) Graffiti was first labeled as such in 1851 in reference to ancient inscriptions etched into the walls – that is, “scratches” – of the ruins of the city of Pompeii. The definition has since expanded to include all sorts of public art, from hastily made drawings to elaborately executed street art. Learn how to draw graffiti with this course. Cave Paintings and Graffiti Artistic expression – especially on the surfaces around us – seems to be a very old human impulse. There are instances of art dating back as far as human history goes. The earliest art – which some might call graffiti – dates back to the Paleolithic era. The Paleolithic – or “Old Stone Age” – is the earliest era of human existence, when stone tools were used and humans took shelter in caves. This era started with the first people at an uncertain date in the distant past. The Old Stone Age continued until about 10,000 years ago. During that period, even these early humans expressed themselves artistically. These people painted animals and abstract shapes onto the walls of their caves. The paintings’ meaning remains uncertain. Perhaps these early artists were invoking natural powers to bring about a successful hunting expedition. Perhaps they were part of a religious ceremony. Art historians debate their meaning. Learn more about art history with this online course. However, natural historian R. Dale Guthrie has his own unique theory. His research has concluded – based on handprints and other traces of the artists – that these artists were most often adolescent males who may have been left out of hunts and were entertaining themselves by doodling on the walls. In essence, some of the first art known to humankind was graffiti! Far from being exquisite representations of the natural world – although some paintings are indeed such – these cave paintings were more likely a way for bored kids to pass the time, Guthrie contends. Petroglyphs – which are images etched directly into the stone – are an equally ancient form human artistic expression as cave painting. These etchings have been discovered around the world, from Australia to Africa to North America to Siberia. They may have had a use, such as historical records or astronomical notes, or they may have simply been observations. The people of the Mediterranean some two thousand years or so ago were no strangers to scribbling on walls and rocks. The distinguished Ancient Greeks, who you can learn about in this course, also gave us the first documented piece of modern graffiti. The nature of petroglyphs and cave paintings is uncertain – perhaps they were just that era’s fine art or were doodles. But in Ancient Greece, the art and the graffiti were clearly different. This particular Ancient Greek graffito was found in Ephesus, which now lies in Turkey, on the west coast. It was apparently an advertisement for a brothel! The carving shows what seem to be a heart, a foot, a woman’s head, and money in tandem. Put those together and it’s giving you directions to a place where you can exchange money for a woman’s love. This was certainly not a carefully carved marble statue of Zeus. It was a simple scribble etched into the stone for everyday communication. Indeed, graffiti speaks and has spoken to basic and base human impulses throughout its history. The graffiti of Ancient Rome mocked politicians, touted the author’s sexual prowess, or just simply declared “I was here.” There were the taunts and philosophical musings that you could still find on the average bathroom wall, even so many years ago. Graffiti involved words and drawings alike that were meant to evoke a response, express the artist’s opinion, claim territory, or declare one’s love for someone. The city of Pompeii was destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in the year 79 CE. Scalding ash rained down from the volcano and covered the town almost instantly in a tomb that lay 15 feet deep. The town was preserved, frozen in time, and it was not rediscovered for nearly 1500 years. This ancient city – where life was halted in its tracks nearly 2000 years ago – gives us a glimpse into the lives of its inhabitants. Graffiti remains on the walls of the buildings of Pompeii. It ranges from sexual boasting to scatological quips to simple declarations that friends had visited a place. Near the Vesuvius gate, you can read, “Marcus loves Spendusa.” Friends declared, on the wall of a bar, “We two dear men, friends forever, were here. If you want to know our names, they are Gaius and Aulus.” In the basilica, you can ponder these words of wisdom: “A small problem gets larger if you ignore it.” And, even in an age long before Internet comments, there were people chiming in on the very nature of the dialogue, such as this graffito in the basilica “O walls, you have held up so much tedious graffiti that I am amazed that you have not already collapsed in ruin.” The Palace of Sigiriya Sigiriya is an historical site in Sri Lanka. It was the capital city and royal palace of King Kasyapa from around 477-495 CE. Abandoned after the king’s death, Sigiriya was turned into a monastery. However, the monastery apparently fell on hard times and to turn open its doors to pilgrims and tourist groups in the 600’s. Sigiriya is famed for its frescoes of beautiful women, who may have been the members of the king’s harem. We know what these long-ago tourists thought of the palace and the paintings from the graffiti they left etched in the Mirror Wall. The Mirror Wall, now stained in deep shades of orange, was once a polished shimmering white. The wall winds its way around the face of Sigiriya Rock and runs for two hundred meters. It still stands today, some 1500 years later. The graffiti etched into the wall was written sometime between 600 CE and 1400 CE. Over 1800 inscriptions can be seen. There are poetry (learn more with this course), commentary, and prose left behind by these visitors. Many of the graffiti examples refer to the frescoes depicting beautiful women. Others express things done, things regretted, declarations of love, or simple statements like “I was here.” These writers used Sanskrit, Sinhala, and Tamil. The visitors were presumed to be powerful and educated people based on the level of erudition in the writings. From the ancient Mayans site of Tikal in Guatemala, to runestones of the Vikings in Scandinavia, graffiti has been found etched onto surfaces throughout history and around the globe. Writing down our thoughts and ideas – or even a simple affirmation of our presence – seems to be a universal human impulse. Graffiti in the 20th Century Technology has changed but human nature has not. Even in the modern era, with the advent of trains, cars, computers and more, people still scribble their graffiti onto surfaces they see. Itinerant people – those whom some might derisively call “hobos” – who rode on freight trains in search of work used their own language of graffiti to communicate. Their symbols were simply drawn but obscure to outsiders. (Many hobos were illiterate, and also did not want their secret tips revealed, so actual words and letters were avoided.) These wanderers would scrawl their messages in coal or chalk near train yards, under bridges, or by other gathering spots. They would warn other wanderers about strict police officers in certain areas, or recommend a good place to camp in others. The World Wars brought us the phenomenon of “Kilroy was here” – a simple doodle sometimes accompanied by words – that occurred, with variations, throughout the war arena. From the “Foo” of Australia to the “Chad” of the U.K., Kilroy graffiti abounded. Soldiers and sailors scribbled the drawing on shipments and equipment across the world. You can still find the occasional “Kilroy” drawn today. The Berlin Wall was constructed in 1961 as a way of dividing Communist East Berlin from West Berlin. The wall stood until 1989 when political liberalization started to sweep across the countries behind the Iron Curtain. Germany finally reunited in 1990. On the east side of the wall, there was a “death strip” to deter people from approaching the wall and escaping to freedom in the West. There were trenches, guard towers, and other defenses. However, on the Western side, people were free to approach the wall. And people did approach and adorned the free side of the wall with a wild array of graffiti and street art. The east side stood stark and bare facing the “death strip” while the west side was alive with colorful commentary and self-expression. Today, graffiti is most commonly associated with the hip-hop culture of American cities. Along with MCing events, DJing music, and hip-hop dancing, graffiti is a central part of this subculture. The origins of all of these can be traced to the Bronx, in New York City. Tagging, a subset of graffiti, was popularized by a New York City messenger who dubbed himself TAKI 183. (“Taki” was short for his Greek name, Demetraki, and 183 was the street he lived on.) Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, during the course of his delivery work, Taki 183 would scrawl his “tag” on surfaces around the city. His name gained recognition and imitators sprang up around the world. Graffiti style is constantly evolving; it has grown from simple bubble lettering spray-painted on a surface to skilled and esoteric lettering like wildstyle. Street artists like Jean-Michel Basquiat and Keith Haring transformed their work into mainstream art gallery fare. The mysterious and anonymous English street artist Banksy uses spray paint and stencils to adorn walls with his creations. Pixnit is a Boston-based anonymous street artist who uses stencils to put up her work around her hometown. “Pinxit”, the word that her name is slyly referring to, means “I painted it” in Latin. And interestingly, you will find this word adorning the walls of Pompeii as a way of saying “I wrote this” and signed to bottom of great oil paintings alike. Pixnit, with her name that harkens back to both graffiti and major artworks, is just one of the many street artists today giving graffiti gravitas and vitality. Filed Under: Arts and Photography, Students	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line660
__label__cc	0.677212	0.322788	Home » Sexually Motivated Crimes » Voyeurism Voyeurism and Video Voyeurism Florida law defines various types of “voyeurism” under Section 810.14 of the Florida Statute. Offenses can include video voyeurism, video voyeurism dissemination after an image is created, and video voyeurism for a commercial purpose. The term voyeurism covers behavior commonly associated with a “peeping tom” (sometimes called “unwanted peepery”). Many of these crimes involve someone using a hidden camera in a bathroom or dressing room. The statute even covers “upskirting” which refers to secretly photographing or video recording while looking up a woman’s skirt. Voyeurism is considered a “sexually motivated crime.” For this reason, allegations of voyeurism and video voyeurism can have serious direct and indirect consequences. Attorney for Voyeurism Charges in Tampa, FL If you were charged with any type of voyeurism crime, contact an experienced attorney at Sammis Law Firm located in downtown Tampa, FL. Our attorneys are focused exclusively on criminal defense. That focused helps us provide the most effective and aggressive defense to protect our client at every stage of the case. We also represent clients for related offenses such as stalking or sexual cyberharassment (sometimes called “revenge porn”). Because of the impulsive nature of the offense, juveniles between the age of 14 and 17 are often charged with voyeurism related crimes in juvenile court. Our offices are located in Tampa, FL. Call us to discuss your case today for Hillsborough County, or any of the surrounding areas including St. Petersburg or Clearwater in Pinellas County, Bartow or Lakeland in Polk County, New Port Richey or Dade City in Pasco County, Brooksville in Hernando County, and Bradenton in Manatee County. Talk with an experienced attorney to find out what you need to do now to protect yourself from the allegation. Contact us to learn more about important defenses that might apply to your case. Call (813) 250-0500 today. Types of Voyeurism Crimes under Florida Law Florida provides for various voyeurism crimes under Florida Statute Section 810.14, including: Voyeurism § 810.14, Fla. Stat.; Video Voyeurism § 810.145(2)(a) or (b), Fla.Stat.; Video Voyeurism § 810.145(2)(c), Fla.Stat.; Video Voyeurism Dissemination (Image Created in Violation of Section 810.145(2)(a) and (b)) § 810.145(3), Fla.Stat.; Video Voyeurism Dissemination (Image Created in Violation of Section 810.145(2)(c)) § 810.145(3), Fla.Stat.; Commercial Video Voyeurism (Image Created in Violation of Section 810.145(2)(a) and (b)) § 810.145(4)(a), Fla.Stat.; Commercial Video Voyeurism (Image Created in Violation of Section 810.145(2)(c)) § 810.145(4)(a), Fla.Stat.; and Commercial Video Voyeurism (Image Created in Violation of Section 810.145(4)(b)) § 810.145(4)(b), Fla.Stat. Video Voyeurism, Video Voyeurism Dissemination, Commercial Video Voyeurism Involving Certain Aged Minors Or Defendants § 810.145(8)(a), Fla. Stat. Jury Instructions for Voyeurism under Florida Law The Florida Supreme Court has approved certain standard jury instructions for the crime of voyeurism under Florida Statute Section 810.14. The jury instructions for voyeurism were adopted in 2000 and amended on July 29, 2008. Reading the jury instructions is a great way for a layperson to gain a basic understanding of the elements of the offense. The defenses in the case might require that the court writes special jury instructions. To prove the crime of voyeurism, the prosecutor with the State Attorney’s Office must prove the following three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: The defendant secretly observed the victim; The act alleged was done with an indecent, lascivious, or lewd intent; and When the alleged victim was observed he or she was in a conveyance, structure or dwelling in which he or she had a reasonable expectation of privacy. Florida law defines the words “indecent, lascivious or lewd” to mean an intent on the person doing the act that is: licentious; unchaste; wicked; lustful; or sensual. Jury Instructions for Video Voyeurism Video Voyeurism crimes are prosecuted under § 810.145(2)(a) or (b), Fla. Stat. A successful prosecution for “video voyeurism” requires proof beyond a reasonable doubt of the following elements: The Defendant either: intentionally used or installed an imaging device to secretly view, broadcast, or record the victim for his or her own amusement, entertainment, sexual arousal, gratification or profit or for the purpose of degrading or abusing the victim; or intentionally permitted the use or installation of an imaging device to secretly view, broadcast, or record the victim for the amusement, entertainment, sexual arousal, gratification or profit of another or on behalf of another; The Victim was thereby viewed, broadcast or recorded at a time when the victim was dressing, undressing or privately exposing his or her body; At the place and time when the victim was viewed, broadcast, or recorded, the victim had a reasonable expectation of privacy; and The viewing, broadcast or recording of the victim was without the knowledge and consent of the victim. The penalties that are imposed depend, in part, on whether the defendant was either over or under the age of 19 years old at the time the victim was viewed, broadcast or recorded. This standard instruction for video voyeurism, found in Chapter 11.13(a), was first adopted in 2008 [982 So. 2d 1160] and last amended in 2013. Definitions under Florida’s Voyeurism Statute For purposes of Florida’s video voyeurism statute, the term “broadcast” is defined to mean “electronically transmitting a visual image with the intent that it be viewed by another person.” The term “imaging device” is defined to mean “any mechanical, digital, or electronic viewing device; still camera; camcorder; motion picture camera; or any other instrument, equipment, or format capable of recording, storing, or transmitting visual images of another person.” Under Florida law, the phrase “place and time when a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy” when used in the voyeurism statute means a place and time when a reasonable person would believe that he or she could fully disrobe in privacy, without being concerned that his or her undressing was being viewed, recorded, or broadcasted by another, including, but not limited to, the interior of any of the following places: residential dwelling; bathroom; changing room; fitting room; dressing room; or tanning booth. “Privately exposing the body” means exposing a sexual organ. Penalties for Video Voyeurism in Florida As of July 1, 2008, the Florida Legislature increased the penalties for acts of “video voyeurism” committed under certain circumstances. The Florida Legislature created Section 810.145(8), Florida Statutes, which makes it a third-degree felony to commit acts of video voyeurism if: the defendant is at least 18 and the victim is a child in his or her care; the defendant is at least 18 and a school employee and the victim is a student at that school; or the defendant is 24 or older and the victim is younger than 16. A second or subsequent violation becomes a second-degree felony which is punishable by up to 15 years in Florida State Prison. One Year Discovery Exception to the Statute of Limitations for Video Voyeurism Many allegations of video voyeurism cannot be prosecuted because the crime is barred by the statute of limitations. If the prosecutor attempts to charge an offense barred by the statute of limitations, the criminal defense attorney must raise the issue with the trial court. As a general rule, the statute of limitations depends on how the crime is classified. For instance, a first-degree misdemeanor charge of voyeurism has a two-year statute of limitations. Any video voyeurism crime classified as a third or second-degree felony generally has a three-year statute of limitations. Florida Statute Section 775.15, however, provides an exception to the general rules for the statute of limitations in subsection (17) which applies to video voyeurism crimes prosecuted under Section 810.145. The exception provides: “[i]n addition to the time periods prescribed in this section, a prosecution for video voyeurism in violation of s. 810.145 may be commenced within 1 year after the date on which the victim of video voyeurism obtains actual knowledge of the existence of such a recording or the date on which the recording is confiscated by a law enforcement agency, whichever occurs first. Any dissemination of such a recording before the victim obtains actual knowledge thereof or before its confiscation by a law enforcement agency does not affect any provision of this subsection.” “I’ll Be Watching You”: The Florida Voyeurism Offense – Visit the Florida Bar Journal to find an article by Richard J. Sanders published in February of 2015, in Volume 89, No. 2. The article discusses two Florida statutes that apply to prohibitions against being a voyeur by engaging in video voyeurism, video voyeurism dissemination, and commercial video voyeurism dissemination. The article also discusses video and audio surveillance and videotaping laws in the workplace. Florida Statutes on Prohibitions against Voyeurism – Visit the website of the National Network to End Domestic Violence, Inc. (NNEDV) which is funded by a grant from the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, and Office for Victims of Crime. Find information on Florida Statutes that apply to voyeurism and video voyeurism prosecuted under Florida Statute Section 810.14. Finding an Attorney to Fight Voyeurism Charges in Florida If you were charged under Florida law with the offense of voyeurism, then contact an experienced criminal defense attorney for sexually motivated crimes at Sammis Law Firm. Any allegation of a sexually motivated offense requires experienced and aggressive representation to fight for the best results. Many of these cases involve video surveillance or audio recordings of another person without their consent either in their home or another place in which they have an expectation of privacy We fight to protect our clients charged with voyeurism in Tampa for Hillsborough County, FL, and the surrounding areas of Pinellas County for St. Petersburg and Clearwater, Polk County for Bartow and Lakeland, Pasco County for New Port Richey and Dade City, Hernando County for Brooksville, and Manatee County for Bradenton, FL. This article was last updated on Friday, July 12, 2019. Misconduct by Psychotherapist Admissibility of Confession Sexual Assault Counselor-Victim Privilege Child Hearsay Sex Offender Probation in Florida Transmission of Harmful Material Lewd and Lascivious Traveling to Meet a Minor Exposure of Sexual Organs Sexual Cyber Harassment Indecent Exposure Maintaining a Place of Prostitution Prostitution Sting Operations Offering to Commit Prostitution Soliciting for Prostitution Unnatural and Lascivious Unlawful Sexual Activity with a Minor	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line663
__label__wiki	0.595216	0.595216	Cultural Catchup Tag Archives: Award Shows For Your (SCMS And Flow) Consideration: Developing Critical Approaches to Media Industry Awards This week marks the yearly Society for Cinema and Media Studies Conference, being held this year in Atlanta, Georgia. It’s a fantastic opportunity for media scholars like myself to come together and share ongoing research as a field, and it’s one of my favorite times of year. I have the good fortune to be presenting twice at this year’s conference. The first—G13 on Thursday morning from 11-12:45, if you’re putting together a schedule—is as part of a Workshop focused on studying media industries digitally, where I’ll be discussing the importance of researching Twitter as a platform within media industry contexts as well as how one can use Twitter as a tool to study the industry. I’m looking forward to hearing how others are engaging with digital research in our convergent era, and would encourage anyone with an interest or experience to come and share their thoughts in what will hopefully be a productive session. However, I wanted to reflect a bit more on my second presentation, which will be held in the same room immediately following (H13)—this is both because of its connection to my past here on the blog and, most pressingly, some plans for the future. Filed under Academia, Uncategorized Tagged as Award Shows, Flow, SCMS David vs. Goliath vs. Laziness: Potential-filled 2010 Oscars Lack Suspense, Muddle Triumph David vs. Goliath vs. Laziness If you were going to watch a television show where two characters reach for the ultimate goal in their chosen field, one as the popular frontrunner and one as the almost-forgotten underdog, I think there’s a lot of dramatic potential there. There is something about the battle between David and Goliath that should automatically draw us in, and while Avatar and The Hurt Locker are not multi-dimensional characters (cue 3-D joke) they are fairly compelling award show narratives. And while normal people, according to lore, only watch award shows to see things they like be liked by stuffshirts, people like me watch them because of the politics, because of the predictions, and because of the sense of surprise and anticipation. We watch them because we see a narrative in their story, able to chart momentum as the show goes on, moving towards the big award of the night with the pulse of a great year in film…ideally. The 2010 Oscars will go down in the books as a rather colossal failure, the polar opposite of the simple and understated Oscars that followed the year before. In some ways, the show took risks not that dissimilar from last year’s show, but a few major missteps combined with some absolutely disappointing material from hosts Steve Martin and Alec Baldwin resulted in an infinitely cynical response that, unfortunately, became the pulse of this show. What was supposed to be thrilling and exciting, the story of two films in an epic fight for victory, became the story of how the show’s producers chose interpretive dance over cinematic integrity, and the predictable winners in most categories did little to keep this Oscars from being tepid, uninteresting and, perhaps worst of all, uneventful. A show like this should be an event, and this…this was just sad. Tagged as 2010, Academy Awards, Adam Shankman, Alec Baldwin, Analysis, Avatar, Award Shows, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Picture, Cinema, Culture, Dance, Hosts, James Taylor, Jeff Bridges, John Hughes, Kathryn Bigelow, Memoriam, Michael Giacchino, Mo'nique, Movies, Neil Patrick Harris, Robot, Sandra Bullock, So You Think You Can Dance, Steve Martin, Television, The Hurt Locker, Twitter, Up, Winners The Cancelled and the Underrepresented: The 2009 Creative Arts Emmy Awards The Cancelled and the Underrepresented The 2009 Creative Arts Emmy Awards For those who aren’t particularly interested in the seedy underbelly of the Emmy Awards process, the Creative Arts Emmys aren’t particularly interesting. Generally, the awards tend to be a bit more scattershot than the main awards, meaning that few “favourite” shows take victories and thus there isn’t a lot of mainstream attention generated by them. However, more and more each year there’s interest in terms of smaller shows getting a chance to shine in awards not deemed worthy for network television consumption, and more importantly for us pundits there’s a chance to see if there are any trends emerging (as tenuous as any trend can be when different voting bodies determine each set of awards). Complete Winners List – 2009 Creative Arts Emmys This year, through the joys of Twitter, I was able to both share the news of various winners and be able to get some response (from Todd VanDerWerff, Alan Sepinwall, and in particular Jaime Weinman), which resulted in some interesting discussion. So, to kind of pick up on that, here’s a few of the key areas of interest from the awards that made me pause either out of interest, excitement or concern. Pushing Daisies wins Big, Still Cancelled The Emmys were never Pushing Daisies’ problem: although the show wasn’t able to garner a nomination as a series in its first season, it did grab nominations for Lee Pace and Kristin Chenoweth, as well as some attention in the creative arts categories. This year, though, the show received a really fitting swan song as it picked up three awards (art direction, costumes and makeup), showing that even in an ill-fated and shortened season the show was noticed by voters in terms of its craftsmanship. The show has now won six Emmys total (picking up trophies for Directing, Music Composition and Editing last year), which helps cement the show’s legacy as a wonderful if tragic moment in television history. Battlestar Galactica finds Mixed Bag in Final Year After two back to back wins in Visual Effects, and a hugely effects-driven finale, one would have expected the show to dominate in that category. However, to my shock at least, Heroes picked up the Special Visual Effects award for the first time, although BSG didn’t go home empty handed. Spreading the love around, the show picked up the award for sound editing, which is well deserved if not quite the award one would have expected them to be contending as closely for. Either way, it’s great to see another part of the show’s great team behind the scenes pick up an award, and its unfortunate that areas where the show should have contended (See: Bear McCreary’s amazing scoring work) were uncontested. Changes Wreak Havoc on Comedy Guest Acting Of the changes made to the Emmys this year, the one that sort of slipped under the radar (and didn’t face a lot of pressure from any particular group) is the elimination of the individual performance in a variety/comedy/music special/series. This was the category that Stephen Colbert infamously lost to Barry Manilow, and in which musical performers, talk show hosts, and (most interesting for our purposes) Saturday Night Live hosts contended. This year, both Tina Fey and Justin Timberlake won awards for their appearances on Saturday Night Live, and in both instances it raises some really interesting questions. Now, in Fey’s case, this actually was a guest performance: she wasn’t the host in that episode, and her stint as Sarah Palin really was a guest spot (albeit in the really strange variety show format, which would have put her in the old category especially since they submitted a clip show of ALL of her appearances). However, Timberlake’s win is an example of something that would certainly have remained in the Variety Performance award, which makes for an interesting test case. Considering how much of each individual episode an SNL host is in, I think it’s a strange comparison with other guest stars, and I can see why voters would lean towards Timberlake in comparison with the other contenders. It just raises the question of whether the loss of that category has now opened the door for the more showy SNL roles to elbow out some more complex supporting work on the comedy side of things…although, realistically, they probably would have given it to the oldest possible nominee if not to them, so I’d still be complaining. Although, what else is new? Filed under Emmy Awards Tagged as 2009, 61st Annual, Analysis, Award Shows, Battlestar Galactica, Casting, Chuck, Creative Arts, Dr. Horrible, Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog, Ellen Burstyn, Emmys, Entertainment, Generation Kill, Grey Gardens, Heroes, Joss Whedon, Justin Timberlake, Kathy Griffin, Little Dorrit, Lost, Mad Men, Michael J. Fox, Pushing Daisies, Rescue Me, Saturday Night Live, So You Think You Can Dance, South Park, Stunt Coordination, Television, The Simpsons, Tina Fey, TV, Winners 2009 Emmy Awards Nominations Predictions: The Tale of the Tape The Tale of the Tape Heading into tomorrow morning’s nominations (5:30 Pacific Time, so 8:30 Eastern and 9:30 for me in the Atlantic time zone), there are a few certainties, and a few question marks. I talked before about the uncertainty of the popular vote, which places a show like Lost somewhere in between an equilibrium of popular shows like House and Grey’s Anatomy and more critical/industry favourites like Mad Men and Breaking Bad. Here, it’s tie to take a look at some of the big stories that could emerge from the nominations, as well as a glimpse at some of the categories that I didn’t get to during the week. So, let’s get the Tale of the Tape. Mad Men = The New Sopranos? Last year, Mad Men racked up an Emmy for Drama Series, a nomination for Lead Actor and Best Supporting Actor, and five other statues (including Writing for Matthew Weiner). The question now really comes down to just how much the show’s second season is going to increase those odds. Chances are that one of the show’s two leading women will break through, now much more household names when it comes to the show’s success, and there’s room for more supporting players at well. If it follows the Sopranos pattern, it could break through big – if it, however, gets held back by being on AMC, it could end up with roughly the same nominations. The Year of CBS? It may be unlikely, with far more popular shows in terms of Hollwood and the Emmys in the category, but How I Met Your Mother is at the point where its breakout year might be upon us. Neil Patrick Harris is hosting, the show’s ratings have solidified it as a hit in its own right, and it is no longer in fear of cancellation which makes it seem like the kind of show that will be around for a while. It has to compete with stablemate The Big Bang Theory, which has Jim Parsons breaking out in a big way, and Two and a Half Men, but that two more legitimate Emmy contenders than the network had a year ago (and, in my mind, two more than it should have, but that’s neither here nor there). Combine with a chance for The Mentalist’s Simon Baker, and CBS is maybe not just the people’s network anymore. Breaking Bad Breaking Through? Last year, Bryan Cranston won in a bit of a shocker in the Lead Actor category for his work on the other AMC drama, Breaking Bad. Many have taken that win and viewed it as a sign that the show, which got even better in its second season, has a chance of breaking through in its own right. I’m of the mind that it will, but Cranston’s win was as much for his lack of a win for Malcolm in the Middle than it was for his brave performance, so it will be interesting to see if the show can join Cranston in the Emmy race. It has the benefit of having aired fairly recently, but it’s yet to be seen if it can break through on the popular vote. The Final Chance for Battlestar Galactica A real chance of breaking into the Drama Series race, or the various acting categories, just isn’t in the cards; Battlestar Galactica may have had an amazing finale, and its actors may have stepped up more than ever before, but in a popular vote competition it just isn’t going to get the support it needs. Mary McDonnell is going to get pushed out of her category, although remains a long shot candidate if things get really weird, but the show’s real chance lies in both writing and direction. There’s probably room in those categories for Ronald D. Moore and Michael Rymer, as they’ve been represented before, so it will be interesting to see if they can pick up those nods. They’ll also dominate the special effects categories, with the Visual Effects team easily picking up their third Emmy. Tagged as 2009, 30 Rock, 61st Primetime Emmy Awards, Acting, AMC, Amy Ryan, Award Shows, Battlestar Galactica, Breaking Bad, Cat Deeley, Comedy, Damages, Directing, Drama, E.R., Emmy, Emmy Nominations, Emmys, Friday Night Lights, Generation Kill, Grey's Anatomy, Guest Actor, Guest Actress, Guest Star, HBO, How I Met Your Mother, Jon Hamm, Kristen Bell, Mad Men, Nominations, Nominees, Party Down, Predictions, Preview, Reality TV, Sci-Fi, So You Think You Can Dance, Television, The Amazing Race, The Office, Tina Fey, True Blood, Variety Series, Writing Credit Where It’s Due: The Golden Globes are not (entirely) Irrelevant Credit Where It’s Due: The Golden Globes are not (entirely) Irrelevant It is often very easy to discredit the Golden Globes for being one thing or another, or for not being one thing or another. It is not that these are all false: the Hollywood Foreign Press Association are not cinematic or television authorities, and it is often very clear in their choices that their criteria is both highly erratic and highly suspect on most occasions. The 2009 Golden Globes were in part a testament to this particular part of their mystique, with a variety of winners which felt like they were entirely unrelated to the film or television series beside their name. But we have to admit that there are certain points where this type of crass favouritism can actually intersect with what we as both award show viewers and as appreciators of good film and television considering to be something approaching justice. While I could easily speak to how Slumdog Millioniare’s numerous wins are a result of its international production (Always a big thing with the HFPA, see Babel defeating The Departed), or how Tina Fey’s victory is only the result of her time in the mainstream as Sarah Palin, does this really override the fact that I loved Slumdog Millionaire and that Tina Fey is a comic sensation on 30 Rock? While the sheer cynicism with which we view the subjectivity of the Golden Globes is not wholly unique within the major awards circuit, I nonetheless feel like it is sometimes overstated in the case of the Globes for the purpose of focusing on those winners that we don’t like while choosing to view good decisions as the exception to the rule. This isn’t going to stop me from attacking the HFPA for being irrelevant with some of their choices, especially as it relates to nominees, but when it comes to the winners I think it’s safe to say that they might have actually paid attention to what they were watching in the past year. Even if it was, per usual, for the wrong reasons in some instances. [For a complete LiveBlog rundown of the show, click here!] Filed under Golden Globes Tagged as 2009, 30 Rock, 66th Annual, Alec Baldwin, Anna Paquin, Anne Hathaway, Award Shows, Cinema, Colin Ferrell, Danny Boyle, Entertainment, Gabriel Byrne, Globes, Happy-Go-Lucky, HBO, Heath Ledger, HFPA, Highlights, Hollywood Foreign Press Association, In Bruges, In Treatment, January Jones, John Adams, Kate Winslet, Mad Men, Mickey Rourke, Movies, NBC, Recap, Revolutionary Road, Ricky Gervais, Slumdog Millionaire, Steven Spielberg, Television, The Dark Knight, The Reader, The Wrestler, Tina Fey, True Blood, Vicky Christina Barcelona Why I’m watching the Golden Globes instead of 24 From the title alone, this seems like it’s going to be one of my usual long-winded essays on the situation at hand, lengthy paragraphs on the sheer entertainment value of drunk Jack Nicholson heckling acceptance speeches and detailed analysis of my frustrations with season six of 24. But when it comes to these two particular pieces of television programming, I have no powerful feelings in either direction: I do not despise 24, I do not love the Golden Globes, and yet I am deciding to watch the former. The reason is really quite simple: the Golden Globes is capable of surprising me and I don’t really feel as if 24 is able to do the same. The Golden Globes, should the various awards go in directions surprising and different from expectations, have the chance to change the ongoing Oscar race, while 24 is unlikely to head in any direction that we would consider surprising (perhaps if they hadn’t spoiled their own “Yes, we’re desperate enough to resurrect a dead character,” this might be different). I’m actually, by comparison, excited for the Golden Globes – I’ve obviously seen Slumdog Millionaire, so I’m rooting for it in its major categories, but there are some other big questions at stake especially in terms of acting momentum (where only really Supporting Actor (Ledger) is looking secure). Plus, with no musicals or comedies in contention for the eventual Oscar for Best Picture, it will be intriguing to see where the Globes go in terms of Musical/Comedy picture. And this is only on the cinema side, where my interest clearly doesn’t always lie: the television nominees weren’t that impressive, but I am nonetheless curious to see what hilarious impression of the current television landscape the HFPA comes up with. I have every intention on watching the seventh season of 24, but my priorities are for the things I know I will enjoy and that I know have some potential to be surprising. So tonight, I’ll be liveblogging the Golden Globes, and tomorrow night I will be watching How I Met Your Mother. If the seventh season gets off to as good a start as some of the reviews indicate, then that’s wonderful: I’ll be able to catch up later in the week when I’m not busy rewatching Battlestar Galactica Season 4.0 in order to prepare for Friday’s premiere. However, if 24 is higher on your TV viewing hierarchy than it is on mine, I simply hope that it does not disappoint: I may be heading into this season with a fairly critical view of the show’s potential, but I would never begrudge anyone their enjoyment of what remains to an extent a well-produced piece of television with a solid central performance. Season 7 of 24 begins its two-night, four hour premiere tonight, Sunday January 11th, on FOX (and Global, in Canada) at 8/7c, continuing at the same time tomorrow; the Golden Globes, meanwhile, start at 8/7c (with a red carpet special airing the hour before) on NBC (CTV). Filed under 24, Golden Globes Tagged as 2009, Award Shows, Cinema, Cultural Learnings, Entertainment, FOX, Golden Globes, Jack Bauer, January 11th, Kiefer Sutherland, Premiere, Season Seven, Slumdog Millionaire, Television 2009 Golden Globes: TV Nominations Analysis 2009 Golden Globe Awards: TV Nominations Predicting the Golden Globe awards is, quite literally, a devil’s bargain. While the Movies side is its own monster, the Television nominees are perhaps one of the most difficult to predict in all of awards-dom. Yes, the Emmy Awatds are a broken process, but they at least have a structure that allows for observant parties to analyze. With the Globes, it’s about the Hollywood Foreign Press Association’s whim – it’s what they consider hype-worthy, what they wake up one morning obsessed with, and overall what about 100 obscure and oft-maligned international journalists decide people should be watching. Which makes this more fun than anything: we can’t take it too seriously, so it’s just a fun head shaking exercise. The big question is what big new show they’re focusing their attention on (The answer: HBO’s cult hit True Blood, although not as much as they could have), which returning shows they continue to be obsessed with much to my chagrin (The answer: HBO’s Entourage), and which nominees actually sneak in to be deserving independent of their trend-driven qualities (The answer: Neil Patrick Harris). Overall, these nominees aren’t bad, but they do little to save the show’s reputation: while often lauded as potential kingmakers for films during Oscar season, they are still content to pretend that liking HBO is still hip and cool. While they were the first to recognize Mad Men, and will good reason, there were some other cable shows this year (Breaking Bad and Sons of Anarchy, in particular) which probably could have snuck in for some attention. Unfortunately, the awards don’t quite work that way, and I guess we can’t expect them to. All we can do is sit back or, if you’re me and obsessive about award shows, delve into each individual category with critical gusto. So, let’s take a look at the madness. Best Television Series: Drama Dexter, House, In Treatment, Mad Men, True Blood This category tells us a few things. First, it tells us that the HFPA are fans of both Dexter’s dark sensibilities and House’s dour but occasionally light-hearted medical mysteries, along with being big fans of the show’s eponymous performances. Second, it tells us that Mad Men is going to be a show that the HFPA continues to like: after winning last year, the show is back in the awards’ marquee category. The other two nominees are no surprise: often one to pass over great seasons of returning dramas (See: Lost) and shows which don’t have the same international appeal as others, it is no surprise that their interest in international connections, HBO series and hip new series would lead them to the low-rated but Israeli-created In Treatment and the buzzworthy vampire lust of True Blood. If there’s one show missing, it’s AMC’s Breaking Bad, but it couldn’t repeat Mad Men’s successful ascension from AMC to the interest of the HFPA (even with Cranston’s Emmy win), plus it aired quite some time ago. Best Television Series: Comedy 30 Rock, Californication, Entourage, The Office, Weeds While I am more than slightly annoyed that it is the uneven and kind of boring Californication and not Pushing Daisies that proved to have legs for the HFPA following their freshman frames last year, I’m more annoyed at their continued obsession with HBO’s Entourage. I just don’t see how the show belongs in this category over some other, much better, comedies. This isn’t a new sentiment for me, sure, but it warrants mentioning. I’m glad that The Office and 30 Rock have both stabilized in this category, something that is difficult for a show like The Office being in its fifth year. Similar to Entourage, Weeds is a HFPA favourite, having been the first to recognize Mary-Louise Parker for her role in the series; they’ll apparently nominate it until the cows come home. Missing shows here include any new network sitcoms (The Big Bang Theory) as well as some deserving holdovers (How I Met Your Mother, It’s Always Sunny…) For all of the acting nominations, click below. Tagged as 2008, 2009, 2009 Golden Globes, 24, 30 Rock, Alec Baldwin, America Ferrera, Anna Paquin, Award Shows, Awards, Blair Underwood, Californication, Christina Applegate, David Duchovony, Debra Messing, Dexter, Entertainment, Entourage, Gabriel Byrne, Globes, HFPA, House, How I Met Your Mother, Hugh Laurie., In Treatment, January Jones, Jeremy Piven, John Adams, Jon Hamm, Kiefer Sutherland, Mad Men, Mary Louise-Parker, Melissa George, Michael C. Hall, Neil Patrick Harris, Recount, Sally Field, Steve Carell, Television, The Office, Tina Fey, True Blood, Ugly Betty, Weeds Cultural Subscription Subscribe to Cultural Learnings' RSS Feed. Cultural Contact You can contact me (Myles) with opinions, suggestions, or inquiries; I can be reached at cultural.learnings @ gmail.com. 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Club – T.V. Club Alan Sepinwall James Poniewozik Maureen Ryan Cultural Learnings · Television Reviews and Analysis	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line666
__label__wiki	0.584758	0.584758	You are here: Home \| News \| August 2016 \| YouTube testimonies pose risk for Moroccan Christians YouTube testimonies pose risk for Moroccan Christians August 15 2016 by Julia A. Seymour, WORLD News Service In a new series of YouTube podcasts, Moroccan Christians are stepping out of the shadows, showing their faces, and telling their stories. Speaking to their countrymen, they proclaim themselves “Moroccan and Christian.” YouTube image The public testimonies counter the common view that to be Moroccan is to be Muslim and that all Christians living in Morocco are foreigners, not natives. The small religious minority faces community and government persecution. In one video, a woman says her husband’s relatives assumed she was foreign-born because they knew she was a Christian, according to Moroccan World News (MWN). “I am Moroccan and Christian. Yes, I am Christian, but I am not a foreigner ... I was born and grew up in Morocco,” she says, according to a translation by MWN. The website noted she spoke in “perfect Darija,” the colloquial form of Arabic spoken in Morocco. Another video stirred controversy because one Christian woman implied Muslims live in darkness, according to MWN. “We grew up and learned to make the difference between both faiths,” she said. “We were able to bring down that wall surrounding us, and our lives became filled with light rather than darkness.” Although it is legal to change religion in Morocco, proselytizing remains illegal and persecution and harassment of Christians persists. “Shaking the faith” of Muslims or attempting to convert them can result in a three-year prison sentence and a hefty fine, according to US News & World Report. One of the Christians spoke of families rejecting members who left Islam and of Christians being harassed and followed. The U.S. State Department’s 2013 report on religious freedom supports these claims. It notes most Moroccan Christians worship secretly due to fears of government surveillance and other restrictions. “Local Christians stated the authorities made phone or house calls several times a year, asserting that the authorities did so to demonstrate that they had lists of members of Christian networks and monitored Christian activities,” the report said. In January 2015, police approached a former Muslim in a train station, searched, and detained him for 11 hours on suspicion of proselytizing, Open Doors reported. He had a Bible and other Christian materials with him. Despite the persecution, Moroccan Christians are growing bolder. In December 2015, a group called Eglise Marocaine (The Moroccan Church) asked King Mohammed VI for permission to freely celebrate Christian holidays like Christmas, MWN reported. And some evangelize regardless of the potential punishment. “We don’t know what might happen, some people want to keep it hidden, and we respect that,” a Christian told US News. “But at the same time we encourage people to do what God commands us to do, that’s preaching and telling people.” One man lived as a secret Moroccan convert to Christianity for many years. Now he hosts a satellite television program challenging Muslims to ask questions about Islam and Christianity. He told CBN News the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS) group is driving many out of Islam. “Many Muslims are saying, ‘If ISIS is Islam, I’m leaving.’ Some are becoming atheists,” he said. “There is a huge wave of atheism in the Arab world right now and many are turning to Jesus Christ. Islam was never faced with this crisis before.” (EDITOR’S NOTE – Julia A. Seymour writes for WORLD News Service, a division of WORLD Magazine, worldmag.com, based in Asheville, N.C. Used by permission.) 8/15/2016 12:32:24 PM by Julia A. Seymour, WORLD News Service \| with 0 comments	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line671
__label__cc	0.533965	0.466035	You are here: Home \| News \| September 2014 \| Airstrikes may worsen refugee crisis Airstrikes may worsen refugee crisis September 30 2014 by Mark Kelly, BGR/Baptist Press Airstrikes now underway in northern Syria against the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) will worsen an already heart-breaking refugee crisis, a Christian worker in the Middle East says. During just three days last week, at least 130,000 new Syrian refugees flooded across the border into Turkey because of an ISIS offensive in their hometowns. More than 3 million officially registered refugees have been driven out of the country amid the four years of crisis in Syria. BGR photo Airstrikes against ISIS targets in northern Syria are bound to increase the flood of refugees at a time of the year when temperatures continue to drop. “The current strikes inside Syria are bound to increase the already overwhelming flood of displaced people fleeing to find safety,” Don Alan, a Christian worker in the region, said. “Families desiring safety for their children will look for places that are safe and quiet.” Southern Baptist Convention President Ronnie Floyd called on Southern Baptists to pray for beleaguered Christians in Iraq and Syria just hours before news of the airstrikes broke. “Perhaps you know or maybe you don’t, but currently in Iraq and Syria we are witnessing a once-in-a-thousand-year destruction of the Christian church. A modern book of martyrs is being written,” Floyd said. “We need to elevate before our churches the international crisis in Iraq and Syria.” “Pastors and Christian leaders, educate yourself and speak up on behalf of these brothers and sisters in your churches and on social media. Don’t let the world ignore this,” Floyd said. “I call upon each of us tonight as Southern Baptists to be a voice that resounds loudly and clearly about this issue.” Alan echoed Floyd’s call to prayer for suffering refugees – among whom Christians are a minority – and the workers risking their lives to help them. “We should be challenged to not only increase our prayers, but also be broken for the continued challenges faced by those being impacted by the fighting and bombings going in their country,” Alan said. “Pray for courage as we continue to minister and share the love of Christ in the midst of such turmoil,” Alan added. “We know that the Lord’s desire is that not one should perish without having a chance to hear the good news, that there can be peace on earth in the midst of such traumatic events. May we not grow weary!” For more information, go to globalhungerrelief.com. Name changed. N. Iraq: 'They are waiting for us to help' N. Iraq: Grave danger as winter approaches 9/30/2014 10:11:09 AM by Mark Kelly, BGR/Baptist Press \| with 0 comments Filed under: Global Hunger Relief, ISIS, refugees	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line672
__label__cc	0.628979	0.371021	What is the Doctrine of Unseaworthiness? in Maritime, Uncategorized Maritime law, also referred to as admiralty law, is made up of statutes and caselaw governing legal disputes originating on navigable waters. “Navigable waters” include all bodies of water that are capable of being used for interstate or foreign commerce. Rivers that flow into the ocean or cross state lines come within maritime jurisdiction. Personal injury cases that are governed by maritime law have specialized rules and raise unique issues. That is why, if you have a case governed by maritime law, you need an attorney who specializes in this area of law. One of the unique areas of maritime law we will look at briefly today is the doctrine of “unseaworthiness.” When a sailor (“seaman”) is injured, there are generally three main causes of action available to him (or her) to compensate him for his injuries: Maintenance and Cure, The Jones Act, or The Doctrine of unseaworthiness. (Please note that longshoremen, harbor workers or those who work “near” the water but not “on” it, like dockworkers or those working in shipping terminals or shipyards, are governed by the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act (LHWCA), not the Jones Act which we are discussing in today’s post.) Very briefly, maintenance and cure is a sailor’s right to be provided a daily living allowance while he is recovering from an injury or illness. Seamen are entitled to maintenance and cure whether or not their illness or injury was caused by their employer or a fellow crewmember. The Jones Act, which is a federal statute, allows an injured seaman (which has a specific legal meaning) to sue his employer if his injury was the result of the vessel owner’s negligence or the negligence of the crew. If the vessel aboard which the seaman was injures was not seaworthy, and this unseaworthiness caused or contributed to the seaman’s injury, then he may recover under the “doctrine of unseaworthiness.” The doctrine of unseaworthiness states that a ship owner has a duty to provide a seaworthy vessel and to maintain its seaworthiness. The doctrine is rooted in the concept that the owner of a vessel has an absolute duty to provide seamen with a ship that is seaworthy. This means that the owner must keep the vessel in good working order and must update or replace any aspect of the ship that could cause injuries. The failure to do so makes the owner strictly liable for the expenses of any sailor injured because of it. Like most of maritime law, the unseaworthiness doctrine has specific legal meanings and requirements and is far more complicated than can be discussed in a simple post. So if you have been injured while working at sea, contact a maritime attorney. Get the Compensation You Deserve At the Day Law Group, we handle maritime cases including Jones Act cases and the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act (LHWCA) cases. We offer FREE consultations. We have offices in Baton Rouge, and we serve Baker, Denham, Gonzales, Port Allen, Prairieville, New Orleans, and Zachary. Call (225) 200-0000 ToDay to schedule your free consultation or contact us here. accidentsmaritime industrymaritime law	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line679
__label__wiki	0.849266	0.849266	DealBook \| Bruce Wasserstein, Lazard Chief, Dies Bruce Wasserstein, Lazard Chief, Dies By Andrew Ross Sorkin and Michael J. de la Merced October 14, 2009 3:53 pm October 14, 2009 3:53 pm Update \| Oct. 15 The New York Times’s full obituary of Bruce Wasserstein is here. Bruce Wasserstein, the Wall Street investment banker who helped pioneer the hostile takeover in the 1980s and reshaped the mergers and acquisitions business into a high art, died Wednesday. Mr. Wasserstein, 61, was the chairman and chief executive of Lazard. The cause of death could not be immediately learned, though he had been hospitalized earlier this week for what was described as an irregular heartbeat. The company had described his condition then as serious, but said he was “stable and recovering.” Mr. Wasserstein, who began his career as a lawyer but quickly moved into investment banking, worked on some of the biggest deals of the past three decades, including Kohlberg Kravis Roberts‘s takeover of RJR Nabisco. Mr. Wasserstein rarely looked like a stereotypical investment banker, preferring a rumpled look, his shirt often untucked. But he transformed deal-making from a business built on relationships, as practiced by forebears like Andre Meyer and Felix G. Rohatyn of Lazard, into one more akin to war, built on complex tactics and armies of bankers and lawyers. To Mr. Wasserstein, deal-making was a chess game, one ripe for complex strategies — that often came at high cost. Never one to easily lose a deal, he often urged clients to reach deep into their pocketbooks to win, often stroking their egos with what became known as his “Dare to be Great” speech. (Critics bestowed upon him a sobriquet he detested: “Bid-‘em Up Bruce.”) “He was a great tactician,” Mr. Rohatyn said Wednesday. “He frightened people. That’s why they called him ’Bid-‘em Up Bruce.’” Mr. Wasserstein was never afraid to speak his mind. After working on a three-way takover battle for City Service involving Gulf Oil and the corporate raider Boone Pickens, he said: “There are ten people in the world who know how to do these kinds of deals. And Boone Pickens isn’t one of them.” Bruce Wasserstein was born Dec. 25, 1947, in Brooklyn. Even in his youth, Mr. Wasserstein was known for his precocity. One of his sisters, the Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Wendy Wasserstein (who died of lymphoma in 2006), once remembered her hiking adventures with her brother. ”At the end of the trail, Bruce planted a stick, proclaiming it Bruceania,” she said. “It never occurred to me to claim the new world as Wendyania.” He graduated from the University of Michigan at the age of 19, moving to Harvard Law School and the Harvard Business School, where he somewhat improbably served as one of Ralph Nader‘s “Nader’s Raiders.” He later studied at Cambridge University in England as a Knox Fellow. After graduation, he first began working at the law firm Cravath, Swaine & Moore. But he soon left for the more lucrative world of banking, joining the nascent mergers and acquisitions department at First Boston. Together with Joseph Perella, Mr. Wasserstein built the firm into a powerhouse deal shop. Many of the deals that symbolized the frenzy that was the 1980s Wall Street — Texaco’s acquisition of Getty Oil, ABC’s sale to Capital Cities — bore their fingerprints. (Mr. Rohatyn said he tried to lure Mr. Wasserstein and Mr. Perella to Lazard in the 1980s.) But in 1988, after months of public feuding with First Boston, he and Mr. Perella left to set up their own shop, Wasserstein Perella & Company, taking many of their former colleagues and clients. “When Bruce and Joe left First Boston, they and their colleagues came across Park Avenue to our office to continue working on a number of major deals,” said Martin Lipton, a partner at the law firm Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz and another gray eminence of deal-making. “They were so busy that they overloaded our phone system so that they, and we, were out of business for several hours.” It was there that Mr. Wasserstein advised on K.K.R.’s takeover of Nabisco, memorably recaptured in the book “Barbarians at the Gate.” Though Mr. Perella left the boutique firm in the 1990s, Mr. Wasserstein stayed on and sold it to Dresdner Bank in 2000 for about $1.4 billion. Ever the inveterate deal-maker, much of those proceeds went to him. In 2002, he was hired by Lazard’s Michel David-Weill, then the firm’s chairman, to run the investment bank he had long admired. Mr. Wasserstein, however, persuaded many of the firm’s deal-makers to support one of the biggest deals of his career: taking Lazard public and ending more than a century of private ownership. The move set off a bitter feud between the two men, one often played out in the press. Soon after Lazard went public, Mr. Wasserstein embarked on another major deal, aiding Carl C. Icahn in trying to shake up AOL Time Warner, his former client. However, that effort ended quietly, with the company reaching a compromise with the gadfly investor. Most recently, he has led the team advising Kraft in its potential takeover of Cadbury. But Mr. Wasserstein had interests beyond the boardroom. In 2004, he made a surprise bid for New York magazine, defeating some of the city’s richest businessmen in the process. Years before, he purchased a passel of trade publications including The Deal, a trade publication aimed at deal-makers, and American Lawyer, one aimed at the legal field. He sold the magazine group to Incisive Media, a British publisher, in 2007 for $630 million. Adam Moss, New York’s editor in chief, described Mr. Wasserstein as an unusual owner for the magazine. “He had always been interested in journalism, an interest sharpened by being on the receiving end of it,” Mr. Moss said. “But he never used it to wield influence the way other powerful men would have, never tried to plant a story, never complained about anything we published.” Mr. Wasserstein is survived by his wife, Angela Chao, and seven children. He adopted the daughter of his late sister Wendy. He has been divorced three times. — Andrew Ross Sorkin and Michael J. de la Merced Comments are no longer being accepted. George Bowser Jr October 14, 2009 · 4:07 pm Always sad to hear about a death. But CNBC!!! They had the headline, then immediately removed it when the DOW closed at 10,000 (+)… Talk about valuing life. AB October 14, 2009 · 4:13 pm Marvillou October 14, 2009 · 4:14 pm Thomas October 14, 2009 · 4:16 pm Great guy but tough…..rest in peace!! will dooley October 14, 2009 · 4:21 pm True patriot. am-in-shock October 14, 2009 · 4:24 pm Bruce was one of the greatest deal makers ever. There will never be one like him. A master of his craft, he will remain the best. His loss will be felt…. at Lazard and with practically everyone in the industry… his colleagues from First Boston, and Wasserstein Perella who are all now big names themselves. He taught them a lot of what they know. Goodbye Bruce. Neil October 14, 2009 · 4:25 pm Imagine dying at 61, with your legacy being “helping to pioneer the hostile takeover”. Actually very sad. sipa October 14, 2009 · 4:26 pm Allways sorry to hear about someone dying, But did Wasserstein truly leave the world a better place? As the pioneer of LBO deals and M&A deals that enriched CEOs and Bankers and left thousands of people unemployed or in a constant state of stress regarding their jobs, I would argue that his impact on the world was decidedly negative. RIP anyway. Bill in Dallas October 14, 2009 · 4:30 pm I wonder how his health may have been connected to what he did for a living, and how he did it…. rhetorical question really. We all have THAT kind of health. Jerome Douglas October 14, 2009 · 4:32 pm Good thing this article is in the DealBook section instead of one of the regular NYT pages, because then the ignorant folks (#8) will just demonize him instead of recognizing the innovation and change he brought to the market. RIP RonNV October 14, 2009 · 4:33 pm My heart goes out to his family. He was a real deal maker and a financial success. I hope that he left plenty of money in his will for charity. Jackie October 14, 2009 · 4:33 pm @ Sipa #8, Please try telling that to his siblings, parents, wife and children. A person’s impact isn’t necessarily measured in terms of how he/she affected the rest of the world, but often in how he/she meant to those they considered closest. Your sentiments are insensitive and ill-timed. Nikki October 14, 2009 · 4:34 pm My condolences to his family. My condolences to the nation and to the world for the repercussions of trends that started in that era and continues to this day. Jeremy October 14, 2009 · 4:36 pm I want to see a movie of his life. With John Malkovich in the title role. Call it Wasserstein. Make it so, Hollywood! Susan Bodiker October 14, 2009 · 4:38 pm Another profound loss for his niece (Wendy Wasserstein’s child). How very, very sad for her and for the family. Eva October 14, 2009 · 4:38 pm All I could think about when I saw this headline was little Lucy Jane. What horrible news. Deejdubya October 14, 2009 · 4:44 pm Bruce was a real legend in the deals business. With all the hue and cry over bankers making a lot of money, wouldn’t it be great to compare Bruce’s not insubstantial wealth with the wealth he created for his client’s executives and shareholders? It might be a decent counter to the current trend. Coco14 October 14, 2009 · 5:09 pm Such sad news – a bigger than life figure on Wall Street – Robert October 14, 2009 · 5:13 pm I searched Bruce Wasserstein philanthropy and found only articles about political cotributions…How sad for someone of his wealth! I wonder how much he was allowed to take to the other side/ daver October 14, 2009 · 5:23 pm Fine man Under though circumstances, he persevered Competition was in his blood Keeper of the flame was he He will be remembered In ways that transcend Wall Street May he rest in peace Wendell Nall October 14, 2009 · 5:39 pm It is a sad loss for his family. I personally don’t think all the takeovers and buyouts are a good thing. You get companies in businesses that they know little or nothing about and then try to make a profit with about half the labor. Good for the bottom line in the short run, maybe, but very bad in the long run. martin October 14, 2009 · 5:40 pm I had an entry level job at First Boston in 1981 when Wasserstein and Perella were making their reputation. Quite an exciting time. RIP sandro October 14, 2009 · 5:45 pm good lord! he was relatively young… just 61! also lionel pincus passed away couple days ago mr. chips October 14, 2009 · 5:49 pm Sad.Who will take care of Wendy Wasserstein’s daughter now? Elizabeth October 14, 2009 · 5:54 pm I am most sad for Lucy, the daughter of sister Wendy Wasserstein, whom Bruce took in when her mother died in 2006. To lose her mother, then her guardian uncle in such a short time, must be a painful blow to this young girl. God bless her. Calpers Examines Fees in Pay-to-Play Deal Dimon Sees Problems With Derivatives Rule	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line681
__label__cc	0.527102	0.472898	Monthly Briefing 30th May, 2019 Climate change is already shaping not only our physical world, but also political and business worlds. Last month, the Governors of the Banks of England and France wrote an open letter warning that companies and industries that do not adjust to a net-zero world by 2050 “will fail to exist”. Extinction Rebellion recently held weeks of protests in London, calling out “criminal” inaction from global governments. Greta Thunberg has continued to inspire both the young and old to take action on climate change. And the UK Parliament has been the first nation to declare a national climate emergency. In the business world, climate is now being integrated into core strategy and investment decision-making. Legal & General Investment Management (LGIM), the UK’s largest money manager, has placed climate at the top of its list of concerns for corporations, and has divested millions on the grounds of climate inaction. In South-East Asia, Singapore’s three largest banks (DBS, OCBC and UOB) have all committed to removing coal power lending. Last year, Royal Dutch Shell aligned executive pay to carbon reduction targets. In a recent survey on global risk perceptions (published in the World Economic Forum’s Global Risk Report 2019, 14th Edition), environment-related risks were by far the most dominant in terms of likelihood and impact. Climate change raises tough questions for business leaders. It needs planning further into the future than analysts have previously demanded. It involves grappling with important, yet very uncertain, trends. The scale and timeframe of the climate challenge require fundamental and honest reflections on the sustainability of “business as usual”. A well-thought-through, inclusive and collaborative scenario analysis exercise can help. Scenarios present a picture of possible future worlds. For businesses, two extremes of these possible worlds can be considered: a “business as usual” scenario, where the world warms by some 4ºC, bringing about major changes to climate and weather patterns. The second is an “aggressive mitigation” scenario. Here there are rapid developments to policies and technologies that limit global warming to well below 2ºC. Different climate scenarios bring climate change risks and opportunities to life. They stimulate a deeper reflection on the need for resilient strategies to operate in a future increasingly shaped by a changing climate. The key to leveraging scenario analysis into substantive strategic thinking, is to identify the right people across the business and engage them in the process early on. This builds the capacity, understanding and buy-in that organisations must have, if they are to develop a meaningful response to the climate challenge. Not only does this help build organisational resilience into operational models, it also brings about the real changes in mindset needed for companies to play their role in transitioning to a low-carbon world. Climate change is the reality we face today. The IPCC has warned that, as of today, there are 11 years left to act if we are to avoid the worst impacts. Across the world, governments, businesses and citizens are rising to the challenge. If companies are to survive, let alone thrive, the time has come for a deep reflection on whether business models are fit to weather the storms and changes ahead. This needs fresh thinking and practical action now. Image source: Klimawandel – hk by Christoph Scholz on Flickr is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line684
__label__wiki	0.733419	0.733419	Changing the Game: Negotiation and Competitive Decision–Making EconomicsNegotiationsSales ManagementStrategy Taking a Holistic View of Business Negotiation Strategy USD 13000 USD 2166 per day Oct 27—Nov 1, 2019 Coursalytics is an independent platform to find, compare, and book executive courses. Coursalytics is not endorsed by, sponsored by, or otherwise affiliated with Harvard Business School. Francesca Gino Francesca Gino is the Tandon Family Professor of Business Administration in the Negotiation, Organizations & Markets Unit at Harvard Business School. She is also formally affiliated with the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School, with the Mind, Brain, Behavior Initiative at Harvard, an... Max Bazerman Max H. Bazerman is Jesse Isidor Straus Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School and the Co-Director of the Center for Public Leadership at the Harvard Kennedy School. Max''s research focuses on decision making, negotiation, and ethics. He is the author, co-author, o... Deepak Malhotra Deepak Malhotra is the Eli Goldston Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School. His teaching, research and advisory work is focused on negotiation, deal-making and conflict resolution. Deepak has won numerous awards for his teaching, including the HBS Faculty Award and th... Christine Exley Christine Exley is an assistant professor of business administration in the Negotiation, Organizations & Markets Unit. She teaches the Negotiation course in the MBA elective curriculum. Professor Exley''s research explores how behavioral motivations often have nuanced implications in the ... Joshua Schwartzstein Joshua Schwartzstein is an assistant professor of business administration in the Negotiation, Organizations & Markets Unit. Before joining HBS, he was an assistant professor of economics at Dartmouth College. Professor Schwartzstein’s primary research area is behavioral economics. He focus... Guhan Subramanian Guhan Subramanian is the Joseph Flom Professor of Law and Business at the Harvard Law School and the Douglas Weaver Professor of Business Law at the Harvard Business School. He is the first person in the history of Harvard University to hold tenured appointments at both HLS and HBS. At HLS he tea... Negotiation and Decision Making Strategies Booth School of Business Chicago, Illinois, USA Power, Influence and Negotiation Eli Broad College of Business Lansing, Michigan, USA High Performance Negotiating Decision Making & Negotiations Certificate Alberta School of Business	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line685
__label__wiki	0.546504	0.546504	Tel: +966 (013) 860-7982 Fax: +966 (013) 860-2595 Email: humphrey@kfupm.edu.sa Dr. John D. Humphrey Assistant Chairman, Associate Professor, Geosciences Department Dr. John D. Humphrey is Associate Professor and Assistant Chairman of Geosciences at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. His appointment is in the Geosciences Department, within the College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences. He received his B.S. degree in Geology at the University of Vermont, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa and graduated Cum Laude. Dr. Humphrey received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from Brown University in Geological Sciences. He was on the faculty of Geosciences at the University of Texas at Dallas from 1986 to 1991. Beginning in 1991, Dr. Humphrey was a professor of Geology and Geological Engineering at Colorado School of Mines. He was twice awarded the Alumni Teaching Award for the top educator at CSM (1998, 2014). He served as Department Head from 2006 to 2013. From 2013 to 2015, he was Interim Director of the CSM Chevron Center of Research Excellence. He retired from Mines in 2015 and joined KFUPM in 2017. His areas of specialization include carbonate diagenesis and geochemistry, carbonate sedimentology and stratigraphy, carbonate reservoir characterization, unconventional carbonate reservoirs, stable isotope geochemistry, and paleoclimatology. He has been a consultant to the oil and gas and mining industries for thirty years. Dr. Humphrey is a Fellow of the Geological Society of America and a Trustee Associate of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Ph.D., Geology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 1987. M.Sc., Geology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 1987. B.S. (cum laude), Geology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA, 1982. Characterization of carbonate diagenesis, dolomitization, water-rock interaction, and carbonate geochemistry. Unconventional resource petroleum systems. Applications of carbonate diagenesis to petroleum reservoir characterization. Sedimentology and stratigraphy of carbonate sediments and rocks. Applications of stable isotopes to diagenetic, environmental, hydrologic, and paleoclimatic problems. Synergism between Quaternary sea-level history and carbonate diagenesis. Paleoclimatology. Al Ibrahim, M., Sarg, J.F., Hurley, N.F., Cantrell, D., and Humphrey, J.D., 2017 in press, Depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy of carbonate mudrocks using conventional geologic observations, multi-scale electrofacies visualization and geochemical analysis: The case of the Tuwaiq Mountain and Hanifa Formations in a basinal setting, Saudi Arabia; American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, doi: 10.1306/08051615221. Winkelstern, I.Z., Kaczmarek, S.E., Lohmann K.C, and Humphrey, J.D., 2016, Calibration of dolomite clumped isotope thermometry; Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section. Hendrickson, M., Hitzman, M., Wood, D., Humphrey, J., and Wendlandt, R., 2015, Geology of the Fishtie deposit, Central Province, Zambia: iron oxide and copper mineralization in Nguba Group sedimentary rocks; Mineralium Deposita, v. 50, p. 717-737, doi: 1007/s00126-014-0570-z Price, J.B., Hitzman, M.W., Nelson, E.P., Humphrey, J.D., Johnson, C.A., 2014, Wall-rock alteration, structural control, and stable isotope systematics of the high-grade copper orebodies of the Kennecott district, Alaska; Economic Geology, v. 109, p. 581-620, doi:10.2113/econgeo.109.3.581. Sarg, J.F., Tanavasuu, K., Suriamin, N., and Humphrey, J.D., 2013, Lithofacies, stable isotopic composition, and stratigraphic evolution of microbial and associated carbonates, Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado; American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 97, p. 1937-1966. CSM Alumni Teaching Award, 2014 Fellow, Geological Society of America, 1997 National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship, 1982-1986 Sigma Xi, Brown University, 1984 (full member, 1986) Graduate Teaching Assistantship, Brown University, Spring 1984 Phi Beta Kappa, University of Vermont, 1982 Charles G. Doll Award for Excellence in Geology, University of Vermont, 1982	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line687
__label__wiki	0.798462	0.798462	Report: Penn State’s Adam Breneman facing surgery, redshirt By John TaylorAug 12, 2014, 6:06 AM EDT The news has gone from bad to worse — much, much, much worse — for one of the most talented young tight ends in the country. Late Monday morning it was reported that Penn State’s Adam Breneman had suffered an unspecified injury of unknown severity. The only word from the Nittany Lions was that the true sophomore would be sidelined indefinitely. The Patriot-News, however, wrote that “Breneman is dealing with a left knee injury that is expected to require surgery and will likely necessitate a redshirt season.” The injury, the paper reports, is related to a bone bruise he suffered during the course of spring practice. It’s neither, though, related to the torn ACL Breneman suffered in 2012 nor does it involve any of the major ligaments in either knee. As a true freshman last season, Breneman caught 15 passes for 186 yards and three touchdowns. A four-star member of PSU’s 2013 recruiting class, the 6-4, 243-pound Breneman was rated as the No. 3 tight end in the country.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line689
__label__cc	0.69367	0.30633	COCHRANE, Mr. Robert Home / COCHRANE, Mr. Robert Registrant: Mr. Robert Cochrane (Registration No. 1643) Nature of Action: An Undertaking Agreement in which the registrant agreed to a period of supervision, at the registrant’s expense, for an initial agreed period of six months, subject to extension. Reasons: A complaint resolved by means of an Undertaking Agreement pursuant to section36(1) of the Health Professions Act, concerning: objectivity and sufficient scientific basis for opinions and interpretations of test results; limitations on opinions; a review of assessment and diagnosis, psychological testing and empirically validated treatments focusing on the obligations of the Registrant under the Code of Conduct Update: All terms and conditions met as of July 9, 2015	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line690
__label__cc	0.710708	0.289292	The Gregson Field Day Team I was planning to have an awesome adventure for ARRL Field Day. I bought a new radio, had it set up, but also had other plans. My wife had a conference in LA, and my daughter, Sunny (who I’d wanted to do Field Day with), wanted to go camping. So, the plan became go camping and have Field Day at the campsite. As the date for Field Day approached, my daughter started telling me that she wanted to do things other than radio on the camping trip (play soccer, go fishing, make s’mores, etc.). So, this became a camping trip with Field Day as a side story, rather than Field Day with a camping backdrop. I began amateur radio when I was an Engineer at HP. The HP Boise site had a Field Day event every year. Most years, there were a lot of participants from the HP Boise Amateur Radio Club (HPBARC). This gave us a lot of radio knowledge and skill in one place. I tended to be the cook a lot, and worked a radio here and there. When I left HP in 2005, I moved to the Seattle area, and did Field day with KB7YWE (who had also moved from Boise) for a couple of years. When I moved to California in 2009, I did field day from my apartment (which my neighbors hated) for a couple of years. I usually worked 10m – 20m because a 40m dipole in an apartment complex was really awkward. All told, the fewer people we had, the harder Field Day was. I don’t recall getting more than a handful of contacts in any Field Day since the HPBARC days. This year, I had a mobile rig ready to go, and a really cool antenna. Now I could tune the antenna (without leaving the truck) for any band 6m – 40m. I also had 100w of power, where my older radio had 50w of output. And, of course, if my antenna were in a poor spot, I could always start the truck and move to a better spot. This worked very well, as I didn’t need to move the truck at all. I found that I had better range going west than I did going east. This is unfortunate since there are people to the east and water to the west. The Camping Our campsite was rather normal. We had a tent, a fire ring, a gas grill, gas stove and a picnic table that was cluttered with stuff. We had what we needed to enjoy the trip. We ate steaks both nights, and s’mores both nights. For lunch on Saturday, Sunny made a fruit salad while I worked the radio. When I was doing my dry runs with the radio, I was using QRZ on my Chromebook to look people up and log my contacts. Being in my driveway, I could use my home wifi for internet service. Once I was at a campsite, this option went out the window. So, I used paper logs and typed in the contacts when I got back to the house. It was only after I typed all the results into QRZ that I realized that I can’t download them back out as a summary for the contest logs, without paying for the XML downloads. Improvement for next year: Boot the Chromebook into Linux and run radio logging software on it. Time Spent on the Radio I didn’t get to spend a lot of time on the radio. I did hop on at the beginning of the event. I worked a few stations and then Sunny got into the truck to see what I was doing. She noticed that I was keeping track of everything on paper. And, just as she did with the shopping list when we got the food for the trip, she wanted work the clipboard. I thought that would be kinda cool; I could work the radio while she could participate in the way she wanted to. I told her what to write and where on the log sheet to write it, and she picked it up pretty fast. We heard a station, KH6LC, identify itself as a Pacific section station. This meant that they were on an island in the pacific, usually Hawaii. Plus, the operator was saying, “Aloha,” a lot, a pretty bold clue. I said to Sunny that I really wanted to get this one. I tried calling a few times and sure enough, they answered. It took a little bit of patience on their side (which I really appreciated), but after a few attempts, we had exchanged information and completed the contact. After the Hawaii contact, I told Sunny that I’d like to try a couple more, and then we’d do something “fun.” She said back, “That’s ok, I’m kinda having fun with this.” I really like that she said that. A little while later, Sunny wanted to try working the mic. Like any first timer, she was a bit timid, and afraid that she wouldn’t know what to say. Soon, she was calling out my callsign, and after 6 attempts to contact other stations, WB6QND, from Los Angeles made contact with her. She was so happy, she did a little dance in her seat. That was her first QSO. After a while we went off and did some other camping activities, played soccer and cooked dinner. At the end of our second campfire, Sunny went to sleep and I hoped in the truck to make more QSOs, making my last one at 11:45pm. I went to sleep. I ventured onto 40m which was challenging, because there were so many stations on 40m that you could here the adjacent stations while trying to make contact. I woke up the next morning, with the sun. While Sunny slept, I make a few more QSOs. Once Sunny woke up, Field Day ended for me, as I cooked breakfast, broke down camp, and headed back home. All-in-all, we made 27 QSO’s the best total since I participated with HPBARC. Also of note, I put less time into this Field Day than any other that I’ve participated in. I look forward to next year, when I can put more time into making contacts and improve on this total. New Radio (Yaesu FT-857D and ATAS-120) Recently, I bought a Yaesu FT-857D and an ATAS-120 antenna. A couple of weekends ago, KB7YWE and I installed them in my truck. Well, mostly in the truck, as we used the radio from a resting position on the passenger seat. Really, we just wanted to see how well it worked. The Radio The Yaesu FT-857D is an all-mode, multi-band radio that covers 160m-6m, 2m and 70cm. It emits 100W of power on HF, which is twice the power of my TenTec Scout. It also has the ability to control the automatic tuning HF antenna, which I’ve described below. The radio has a detachable face plate, making it easy to mount the radio in one part of the truck and use it in another, which should make it easier to find a place to mount it. The ATAS-120, extended to its 20m operating height, as installed on my truck. The Active Tuning Antenna System 120 (ATAS-120) is an antenna that can tune itself to the proper length for the frequency that the radio is trying to use. Essentially, you change to the band you want to use, press and hold the ‘Tune’ button, and the antenna will extend or contract to find the correct length of the antenna. It does this by minimizing the standing wave ratio (SWR), which you can observe on the graphical control panel on the radio. This feature is available from 40m-70cm (even though the 2m and 70cm bands use the antenna fully contracted). This works well for me, because I’m renting in a subdivision that has restrictions against antennas, making any permanent setup for the larger antennas impossible. One thing of note, if you’re going to do an install of this of your own, you’ll need a diplexer. There are two antenna outputs on the Radio, and one antenna to attach for all bands. KB7YWE help me with the install. I’ve always consulted him for his expertise on these matters, because he’s great with amateur radio matters, and very skilled at working with cars (which I’m not). The antenna mount was a trunk mount that is intended to attach to the lip of a car trunk. It pushes the Xterra hatchback slightly out of place, but that also makes space to feed the coax through the gap. Once we had the radio wired directly to the battery, we were eager to try tuning the antenna. The added ground wire, the green one. The tuning was very touch and go. Some bands that were supposed to tune didn’t. However, it was still really cool to watch. The radio has a graphical SWR meter, which you can watch change as the antenna becomes more closely matched with the frequency. To deal with the spotty performance, we decided to turn our attention to grounding. We attached the outer conductor of the coax connection to the screw that held the hatchback door supports. Then, we went back to the radio, and it tuned perfectly on 10m, 15m, 20m, and 40m. We were very happy. Later, I tried 12m, 17m, and 30m. All of which tuned, but then the former bands did not. Adding a second ground, from the radio chassis to the car body, seems to have fixed this problem. I still haven’t figured out where I’m going mount the radio in my Xterra. The most logical path seems to be removing the double height stereo from the dashboard, and replacing it with a smaller stereo (maybe one that plays MP3s from SD cards) and the Ham Radio. The downside to this is that I won’t be able to remove the radio and use it outside of the truck. With my current neighborhood restrictions, I do all of my HF from the truck anyway, making this a non-issue. With this setup, I was ready (and really excited) for Field Day. Next post, I’ll talk about how that went.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line693
__label__cc	0.540955	0.459045	Consultations: 732-462-7170 Business Law and Litigation Commercial Real Estate and Land Use Community Association Law Criminal and Government Agency Defense DWI and Municipal Court Defense Regulatory Defense Residential Real Estate and Land Use Defining Navigable Waters: Laws and Regulations Vessels have the right to use navigable waters free from obstruction. Petition of Martin, 102 F. Supp. 43 (E.D. Pa. 1951). Every material obstruction to navigation is unlawful and a nuisance to the extent it is unauthorized. Newark Plank Road Company v. Elmer, et al., 9 N.J. Eq. 754, 788 (E. & A. 1855). In New Jersey, the protection of the right of navigation and the power to authorize improvements, such as docks within navigable waters that will not hinder navigation, falls within the Coastal Zone Management Rules. “Navigable” is defined in N.J.A.C. 7:7-1.5 as waters that are deep enough to afford passage to watercraft, including canoes or kayaks, at high tide. Navigability will also apply to areas upstream of obstructions (for example, culverts), provided that the water course is still tidally influenced in the upstream area. With respect to recreational docks and piers, for example, the proposed structure and associated mooring piles must not hinder navigation or access to adjacent water areas (N.J.A.C. 7:7e-4.5(b)(8)). A hazard to navigation will apply to all potential impediments to navigation, including access to adjacent moorings, water areas, docks and piers. Id. The law and regulations relating to navigable waters were applied to the applicant’s appeal of the denial of his application for a waterfront development permit in the matter of the N.J.D.E.P., Docket No. 1331-07-0005.1, OAL No. ELU-01413-07 and ELU-8039-08. Therein the applicant sought to construct a recreational dock and pier in the Navesink River to adjoin his upland home. Several of the neighbors objected to the length of the dock opining that it would serve to block other boaters from navigating the water and block access to the local water channel which runs parallel to the shore in the swale. Due to the shallowness of the water area at low tide, having the channel unobstructed was more important than it otherwise would have been. The Administrative Law Judge concluded that it was the applicant’s burden to prove that the sought after improvements would not be a hindrance to navigation and that the burden of proof had not been met. (See In Re: Vineland Chem. Co., 243 N.J. Super. 285, 315 (App. Div. 1990) cert. den. 127 N.J. 323 (1990) regarding issue of burden of proof). Although the hindrance to navigation was not the only reason for the permit denial, it was one of the reasons, and thereby proof by the applicant in that regard had been deemed relevant. Author: Edward C. Eastman Protecting LGBTQ Rights in the Workplace Stop Sexual Harassment in NYC Act Oppression in a Limited Liability Company: Remedies When There Is No “Minority Shareholder” New NJ Law Prohibits Certain Waiver and Nondisclosure Provisions in Employment Contracts and Settlement Agreements U.S. Supreme Court Declines Ruling on N.J.’s Unconstitutional Church Grants Decision New Jersey Expungement Law - Are You Eligible? The Importance of Harassment Training Monmouth County Law Office 100 Willow Brook Road P: (732) 462-7170 • F: (732) 462-8955 Ocean County Law Office 680 Hooper Avenue Building A, Suite 101 ATTORNEY ADVERTISING. This website does not provide legal advice and is written purely for informational purposes. The information provided in this website does not necessarily reflect the opinions of Davison, Eastman, Muñoz, Paone, P.A., its attorneys or clients. This website does not constitute legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for obtaining actual legal advice from a licensed professional attorney in your State (particular laws vary by State). Past results are not indicative of future results. We cannot and will not give you specific advice on your case unless you retain an attorney at our firm.neys, paralegals and support personnel focus on achieving the best possible result for both individual and business clients. @2019 Davison, Eastman, Muñoz, Paone, P.A.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line695
__label__cc	0.571562	0.428438	Home > Biological Systems Engineering > Biological Systems Engineering Papers > 563 Biological Systems Engineering Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications Recalibration Methodology to Compensate for Changing Fluid Properties in an Individual Nozzle Direct Injection Systems Joe D. Luck, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow S. A. Shearer, Ohio State UniversityFollow B. D. Luck, University of Wisconsin-MadisonFollow M. P. Sama, University of KentuckyFollow Luck, J.D., Shearer, S.A., Luck, B.D., and Sama, M.P. (2016). Recalibration methodology to compensate for changing fluid properties in an individual nozzle direct injection system. Trans. ASABE, 59(3), 847-859. DOI 10.13031/trans.59.11521 © 2016 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. Used by permission. Limited advancement of direct injection pesticide application systems has been made in recent years, which has hindered further commercialization of this technology. One approach to solving the lag and mixing issues typically associated with injection-based systems is high-pressure individual nozzle injection. However, accurate monitoring of the chemical concentrate flow rate can pose a challenge due to the high pressure, low flow, and changing viscosities of the fluid. A methodology was developed for recalibrating high-pressure chemical concentrate injectors to compensate for fluid property variations and evaluate the performance of this technique for operating injectors in an open-loop configuration. Specific objectives were to (1) develop a method for continuous recalibration of the chemical concentrate injectors to ensure accurate metering of chemicals of varying viscosities and (2) evaluate the recalibration method for estimating individual injector flow rates from a system of multiple injectors to assess potential errors. Test results indicated that the recalibration method was able to compensate for changes in fluid kinematic viscosity (e.g., from temperature changes and/or product variation). Errors were less than 3.4% for the minimum injector duty cycle (DCi) (at 10%) and dropped 0.2% for the maximum DCi (at 90%) for temperature changes of up to 20°C. While larger temperature changes may be expected, these test results showed that the proposed method could be successfully implemented to meet desired injection rates. Because multiple injectors would be used in commercial deployment of this technology, a method was developed to calculate the desired injector flow rate using initial injector calibration factors. Using this multi-injector recalibration method, errors ranged from 0.23% to 0.66% between predicted and actual flow rates for all three injectors. Agriculture Commons, Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Commons Biological Systems Engineering Website	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line700
__label__wiki	0.519876	0.519876	Filed to: wildfire season is year round nowFiled to: wildfire season is year round now Smoke from the campfire. An incredibly dangerous wildfire has exploded to life in Northern California. The Camp Fire has spurred numerous evacuations in Butte County as it races across the landscape. The fire was first reported at 6:30 a.m. PT, and grew to at least 5,000 acres in three hours. California’s state fire agency reported the fire is “very dynamic” and that ‘[s]trong winds are moving the fire quickly.” The official estimate of acreage burned is almost certainly on the low end, as the fire is spreading at an astonishing 80 acres per minute. Smoke from the blaze is already descending on the Bay Area some 150 miles away. In addition to powerful winds, humidity is in the single digits, drying out vegetation. That has created what Redding TV meteorologist Rob Elvington called “unprecedented” conditions for this time of year, providing ample fuel for the Camp Fire to run wild. All this has led to a growing list of evacuations. Video depicting the evacuation shows traffic moving in a contraflow pattern, with cars flowing in one direction on both sides of the a highway to get people out of harm’s way and stalled traffic amidst a hellscape of smoke and flames. Paradise, a town of 27,000, sits directly in the Camp Fire’s path. Its rapid growth and early-morning arrival means that residents didn’t have much time to leave or firefighters time to prepare, leaving them to play a game of catchup against an extremely active fire. And the gridlock coupled with the rapidly-growing fire has reportedly led some to abandon their vehicles and shelter in place. Meanwhile firefighters operating bulldozers have been authorized to push cars off the road to clear a path and try to beat back the flames. In short, this is a chaotic nightmare situation. Unfortunately it’s also one that has become all too familiar to Californians in recent years. The largest fire in state history set Southern California ablaze in 2017. It held the record for less than a year, though, as the Ranch Fire took its place in the record books this year. California has had four of its top 10 most destructive fires burn in the past two years, the most recent being the Carr Fire that destroyed entire neighborhoods in Redding, a city of 90,000 in the northern part of the state. Climate change coupled with growing number of people living where the forest meets the city has increased the risk of these types of fires. And humans are setting more blazes than ever. It’s enough to make one wonder how much longer we can keep building in harm’s way. Update November 8, 4:24 p.m. ET: And like that, estimates for the fire continue to grow so that official estimates almost immediately become obsolete. Less than an hour after CALFIRE published an update that the Camp Fire was up to 8,000 acres, the agency’s public affairs office said it was unofficially up to at least 17,000 acres. Regardless, the blaze is zero percent contained. At this point, firefighters are trying to save lives and not property, which should tell you all you need to know about how dangerous the situation is. Black and Native American Communities Are More Likely to Lose it All in Wildfires Can We Afford to Keep Rebuilding in the Line of Wildfires? The Mendocino Complex Fire Has Now Spawned the Biggest Single Blaze in California History Southern California Is Losing Its Clouds and That's Bad News For Fire Season The Massive Thomas Fire Reminds Us We Need to Get Our Shit Together American Wildfire Forces Canadian National Park to Shut Down	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line709
__label__wiki	0.588889	0.588889	American herring gull The American herring gull or Smithsonian gull (Larus smithsonianus or Larus argentatus smithsonianus) is a large gull that breeds in North America, where it is treated by the American Ornithologists' Union as a subspecies of herring gull (L. argentatus). Adult on nest Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Family: Laridae Genus: Larus L. smithsonianus Larus smithsonianus Coues, 1862 Larus argentatus smithsonianus Adults are white with gray back and wings, black wingtips with white spots, and pink legs. Immature birds are gray-brown and are darker and more uniform than European herring gulls, with a darker tail. It occurs in a variety of habitats including coasts, lakes, rivers and garbage dumps. Its broad diet includes invertebrates, fish, and many other items. It usually nests near water, laying around three eggs in a scrape on the ground. TaxonomyEdit This gull was first described as a new species in 1862 by Elliott Coues based on a series of specimens from the Smithsonian Institution. It was later reclassified as a subspecies of the herring gull (Larus argentatus). The genus name is from Latin Larus, which refers to a gull or other large seabird. The species name smithsonianus commemorates English chemist James Smithson whose £100,000 bequest enabled the foundation of the institution that bears his name.[2] The taxonomy of the herring gull group is very complicated and much is still controversial and uncertain. A 2002 study suggested that the American herring gull is not closely related to European herring gulls, belonging instead to a separate clade of gulls.[3] Several authorities such as the Association of European Rarities Committees and British Ornithologists' Union now recognize it as a separate species. The BOU also includes the East Siberian gull (Larus vegae) of north-east Asia within the American herring gull.[3] The American Ornithologists' Union has not adopted the split and continues to treat the American herring gull as a subspecies of Larus argentatus.[4] Adult with chick, Elliston, Newfoundland Juvenile and adult in North Carolina It is a heavily built large gull with a long powerful bill, full chest and sloping forehead.[5] Males are 60–66 cm (24–26 in) long and weigh 1,050–1,650 g (2.31–3.64 lb). Females are 53–62 cm (21–24 in) long and weigh 600–900 g (1.3–2.0 lb). The wingspan is 120 to 155 cm (47 to 61 in).[6][7] Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 41.2 to 46.8 cm (16.2 to 18.4 in), the bill is 4.4 to 6.2 cm (1.7 to 2.4 in) and the tarsus is 5.5 to 7.6 cm (2.2 to 3.0 in).[7] Breeding adults have a white head, rump, tail, and underparts and a pale gray back and upperwings. The wingtips are black with white spots known as "mirrors" and the rear edge of the wing is white. The underwing is grayish with dark tips to the outer primary feathers. The legs and feet are normally pink but can have a bluish tinge, or occasionally be yellow. The bill is yellow with a red spot on the lower mandible. The eye is bright, pale to medium yellow, with a bare yellow or orange ring around it. In winter, the head and neck are streaked with brown. First-cycle bird in Texas Young birds take four years to reach fully adult plumage. During this time they go through several plumage stages and can be very variable in appearance. First-winter birds are gray-brown with a dark tail, a brown rump with dark bars, dark outer primaries and pale inner primaries, dark eyes, and a dark bill, which usually develops a paler base through the winter. The head is often paler than the body. Second-winter birds typically have a pale eye, pale bill with black tip, pale head and begin to show gray feathers on the back. Third-winter birds are closer to adults but still have some black on the bill and brown on the body and wings and have a black band on the tail. VoiceEdit It has no song but has a variety of cries and calls. The "long call" is a series of notes during which the head is dipped then raised. The "choking call" is produced during courtship displays or territorial disputes.[8] Juvenile birds emit high-pitched plaintive cries to elicit feeding behavior from a parent and may also emit a clicking distress call when a parent suddenly flies off. Similar speciesEdit Adult European herring gulls are very similar to American herring gulls but those of the subspecies L. a. argenteus are smaller than many American birds[7] while those of the northern subspecies L. a. argentatus are typically darker gray above. European birds lack the long gray tongues on the 6th, 7th, and 8th primaries and solid black markings on the 5th and 6th primaries that are shown by American Herring Gulls.[9] First-winter European birds have more checkered upperparts, more streaked underparts, and a paler rump and base to the tail.[5] Adult winter plumage, Cape May Point, New Jersey The breeding range extends across the northern part of North America from central and southern Alaska to the Great Lakes and north-east coast of the United States from Maine south to North Carolina. It breeds over most of Canada apart from the southwest and Arctic regions. Birds are present all year in southern Alaska, the Great Lakes and north-east USA but most birds winter to the south of the breeding range as far as Mexico with small numbers reaching Hawaii, Central America and the West Indies. Vagrants have reached Colombia and Venezuela and there is a report from Ecuador and another from Peru.[10][11] The first European record was of a bird ringed in New Brunswick which was caught on a boat in Spanish waters in 1937 and there have been a number of additional records from Western Europe since 1990.[5] The first British record was in 1994 in Cheshire.[12] It usually nests in colonies near water on coasts, islands, and cliffs. It also nests on rooftops in some cities. It feeds at sea and on beaches, mudflats, lakes, rivers, fields, and refuse dumps. It roosts in open areas close to feeding sites.[6] BehaviorEdit Two fledglings resting on a rock on the shore on Lake Ontario FeedingEdit Herring gull eating a crab Herring gull stomping feet to help find prey It has a varied diet including marine invertebrates such as mussels, crabs, sea urchins, and squid; fish such as capelin, alewife, and smelt; insects; and other birds including their chicks and eggs. It often feeds on carrion and human refuse. Food is plucked from the surface of the shore or sea or is caught by dipping underwater or by shallow plunge-diving.[6] They also feed on clams and mussels by dropping them from a height on hard surfaces such as roads or rocks to break their shells. There is some question about whether this behavior is learned or innate, although it seems to be learned.[13] ReproductionEdit Pairs form in March or April. The nest is a scrape on the ground lined with vegetation such as grass, seaweed, and feathers.[6][8] Usually three eggs are laid over a four- to six-day period. They are 72 mm (2.8 in) long and are variable in color with brown markings on a pale blue, olive or cinnamon background.[14] The eggs are incubated for 30–32 days beginning when the second egg is laid. The young birds fledge after 6–7 weeks and are fed in the nest area for several more weeks. They continue to be cared for by the parents until they are about 6 months old.[6] Both parents are involved in building the nest, incubating the eggs and feeding the young.[14] It has been observed that some pairs cement a close bond, staying in watchful proximity of each other year-round; Other gulls display more independence, but may take the same mate each spring. The species became quite rare during the 19th century when it was hunted for its eggs and feathers. From the 1930s to 1960s, it increased rapidly due to protection from hunting, increased waste from fisheries to feed on, and less competition for small fish and invertebrates as humans reduced the populations of large fish, whales, and pinnipeds (seals). Numbers leveled off during the 1970s and 80s and may now be declining in some areas.[6] ^ Birdlife International (2014). "Larus smithsonianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 11 January 2015. ^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 219, 358. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. ^ a b Sangster, George; J. Martin Collinson; Alan G. Knox; David T. Parkin & Lars Svensson (2007). Taxonomic recommendations for British birds: 4th report, Ibis, 149 (4): 853-857. ^ Larus argentatus, AOU checklist ^ a b c Dubois, Philippe J. (1997). Identification of North American herring gull. British Birds 90:314-324. ^ a b c d e f Pierotti, R. J. & T. P. Good (1994). Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 31 October 2008. [Subscription required] ^ a b c Olsen, Klaus Malling & Hans Larsson (2004). Gulls: Of North America, Europe, and Asia. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691119977. ^ a b Stokes, Donald & Lillian Stokes (1996). Stokes Field Guide to Birds: Eastern Region. Little, Brown & Co. ^ Clarke, Tony; Chris Orgill & Tony Disley (2006). Field Guide to the Birds of the Atlantic Islands. Christopher Helm, London. ^ Mata, Jorge R. Rodriguez; Francisco Erize & Maurice Rumboll (2006). A Field Guide to the Birds of South America: Non-Passerines. HarperCollins, London. ^ Schulenberg, Thomas S.; Stotz, Douglas F.; Lane, Daniel F.; O'Neill John P. & Parker, Theodore A. III (2007) Field Guide to the Birds of Peru. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 978-0-7136-8673-9 ^ Quinn, David (2009). American Herring Gull in Cheshire & Wirral: new to Britain British Birds 102(6):342-7 ^ Sonja Barisic (Associated Press) (2001-04-22). "Biologist Cracks Case of Adaptive Bird Behavior". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2017-05-31. ^ a b Ehrlich, Paul R.; David S. Dobkin & Darryl Wheye (1988). The Birder's Handbook: a field guide to the natural history of North American birds. Simon & Schuster, New York. IdentificationEdit Lonergan, Pat and Killian Mullarney (2004) Identification of American Herring Gull in a western European context Dutch Birding 26(1): 1-35 Wikimedia Commons has media related to American Herring Gull. Wikispecies has information related to Larus smithsonianus Gull Identification Website: Herring Gull (smithsonianus) Martin Reid's Gull Website: American Herring Gull photos Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_herring_gull&oldid=884777525"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line722
__label__wiki	0.952143	0.952143	Gheorghe Asachi This article is about the scholar Gheorge Asachi. For the university, see Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi. Gheorghe Asachi (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈɡe̯orɡe aˈsaki], surname also spelled Asaki; 1 March 1788 – 12 November 1869) was a Moldavian, later Romanian prose writer, poet, painter, historian, dramatist and translator. An Enlightenment-educated polymath and polyglot, he was one of the most influential people of his generation. Asachi was a respected journalist and political figure, as well as active in technical fields such as civil engineering and pedagogy, and, for long, the civil servant charged with overseeing all Moldavian schools. Among his leading achievements were the issuing of Albina Românească, a highly influential magazine, and the creation of Academia Mihăileană, which replaced Greek-language education with teaching in Romanian. His literary works combined a taste for Classicism with Romantic tenets, while his version of the literary language relied on archaisms and borrowings from the Moldavian dialect. (1788-03-01)1 March 1788 Hertsa, Ukraine 12 November 1869(1869-11-12) (aged 81) Iaşi, Romania poet, short story writer, dramatist, essayist, journalist, translator, painter, engineer, architect, schoolteacher, academic, civil servant c. 1812 – c. 1860 lyric poetry, epic poetry, novella history of Romania, Romanian mythology Literary movement A controversial political figure, Asachi endorsed the Imperial Russian presence in Moldavia and played a major part in establishing the Regulamentul Organic regime, while supporting the rule of Prince Mihail Sturdza. He thus came to clash with representatives of the liberal current, and opposed both the Moldavian revolution of 1848 and the country's union with Wallachia. Engaged in a long polemic with the liberal leader Mihail Kogălniceanu, he was, together with Nicolae Vogoride, involved in the unsuccessful attempt to block the unionist project through the means of an electoral fraud. Asachi was noted for his deep connections with the Western culture, which led him to support the employment of foreign experts in various fields and educational institutions. He cultivated a relationship with the French historian Edgar Quinet, whose father-in-law he became in 1852. Asachi was born in Hertsa, a small town which is now part of Ukraine. His family originated in Austrian-ruled Transylvania, where it was known under the name Asachievici.[1] His father, Lazăr, was an Orthodox priest who kept close contacts with Metropolitan Veniamin Costachi; according to several sources, he was of Aromanian descent.[2][3] His mother Elena (née Niculau or Ardeleanu) was herself the daughter of a Transylvanian priest. The couple had another son, named Petru. Lazăr Asachi was his son's first educator, after which the young Gheorghe most likely enrolled in the Church-run primary school in Herţa.[4] In summer 1795, after deciding not to send Gheorghe and Petru to Moldavian Greek-language school in the capital city of Iaşi, Lazăr Asachi opted to give them a more modern education in Austrian lands, sending them to Lemberg, where they attended gymnasium. After completing seven terms of education in Latin, Polish and German, Gheorghe Asachi entered university (the present-day Lviv University) at the age of 14. He studied at the Faculty of Letters, Philosophy and Sciences (attending lectures in logic, metaphysics, ethics, mathematics, physics, natural history, and architecture), but, in 1804, after two years of studies, he withdrew and returned to Moldavia. Despite this, his level of familiarity with Western culture was arguably unparalleled in his native country during the first half of the 19th century.[4] Over the following decades, he designed several lodgings in both his native country and Galicia.[5] His return followed the death of his mother and Lazăr Asachi's appointment as First Protopope of the Moldavian Metropolitan Seat, and saw the family settling in Iaşi.[4] In Napoleonic EuropeEdit Mount Vesuvius seen from Castellammare di Stabia, 1821 painting by Johan Christian Dahl In early 1805, Asachi fell ill with malaria, and was helped by Metropolitan Veniamin to leave for Vienna, where doctors had advised him to seek treatment. As the recipient of a stately scholarship, Asachi studied mathematics and astronomy with Tobie Bürg, as well as pursuing training in the art of painting.[5][4] His time in the city coincided with French Empire's successes in the Napoleonic Wars, and, most important, with the 1805 War of the Third Coalition, during which La Grande Armée occupied Vienna; this allowed Asachi to familiarize himself with French Revolutionary and liberal tenets, which he partly adopted in his political activities. In 1808, as the Russo-Turkish War erupted, Moldavia was occupied by the Russian Empire, First Protopope Lazăr contacted Pavel Chichagov to have his son appointed lieutenant and local head of the Corps of Engineers, but Gheorghe Asachi refused to assume office or even return from Vienna. Instead, he left for the Italian Peninsula in April 1808, aiming to complete his studies in Rome, but making long stops in other localities on the way (he notably visited Trieste, Venice, Padova, Ferrara, Bologna and Florence). Reaching the capital of the Papal States on 11 June, Asachi left on 19 August to visit Naples, Pompeii, and other locations in the Kingdom of Sicily. Upon reaching Mount Vesuvius, he descended unaccompanied into the volcanic crater, and was encouraged by a cheering audience.[6] He soon after returned to Rome, where he focused on studying Renaissance Latin and Italian literature, as well as taking classes in archeology, painting and sculpture, and entering his most prolific phase in visual arts. In 1809, while visiting an art shop near the Spanish Steps, he met Bianca Milesi, the 19-year-old daughter of a wealthy merchant from Milan, with whom he fell in love. Despite her 1825 marriage to a French doctor, he was to remain her passionate admirer until her death from cholera in 1849. He later stressed that she had been a major source of inspiration for him, especially in allowing him the transition "from painter to poet", while the literary critic Eugen Lovinescu believed she inspired Asachi's Romantic nationalism.[6] At the time, he authored his first poems on Romanian nationalist subjects, which earned him an award presented by the Roman Literary Society. One of these was Viitorul ("The Future"), which voiced a call for national regeneration. Interested in the origin of the Romanians and the history of Roman Dacia, Asachi studied events depicted on Trajan's Column and searched the Vatican Library for documents regarding the history of Romania. It was during the latter research that he came across Dimitrie Cantemir's History of the Growth and Decay of the Ottoman Empire in its English-language edition.[6] Through Bianca Milesi, Asachi met François Miollis, the French commander in Rome, who reportedly told him that Napoleon Bonaparte intended to emancipate Moldavia and Wallachia as a result of the expedition into Russia, and thus create a new "Dacian Kingdom" in the area of present-day Romania. Partly as a result of this encouragement, Asachi decided to travel back home on 22 June 1812, and, sailing down to Galaţi, arrived in Iaşi on 30 August. His designs regarding French protection over the Danubian Principalities were ended by Napoleon's retreat from Russia, and by the restoration of Ottoman suzerainty and Phanariote rules, when Sultan Mahmud II appointed Scarlat Callimachi as Prince.[6] Early lectures and mission to ViennaEdit Portrait of a young Asachi, by Giovanni Schiavoni In reaction to these developments, Gheorghe Asachi centered his attention on cultural improvements, Westernization, and Enlightenment teachings, with support from Metropolitan Veniamin. In 1813, his expertise and familiarity with European languages led Prince Callimachi to appoint him Reviewer (Referandar) for the Department of Foreign Affairs.[7] In 1814, increasingly opposed to the Greek-language teaching favored by the Phanariotes, Asachi proposed the first in a series of Romanian-language educational institutions, a course in engineering and topography to be held at the Princely Academy in Iaşi;[5][8][9] once approved by the ruler and countersigned by Veniamin, the lectures attracted a number of young boyars (including the future Ottoman diplomat Alexandros Kallimachis, Scarlat's son, Teodor Balş (who was to serve as Moldavia's kaymakam in 1856–1857), Daniel Scavinschi, as well as Gheorghe Asachi's brother Petru.[10] He gave various lectures, and offered additional training in drawing and art history,[11][12] as well as in Romanian history.[8] He organized several exhibits of his students' work in technical drawing.[5] Despite a favorable report from its inspectors, Asachi's facility soon met with opposition from Greek teachers at the Academy, which led it to be closed soon after its original students graduated (1819).[13] Nevertheless, Asachi was not stripped of his professorship, and was allowed to maintain both his position as head of the Princely Library and his house on Academy grounds. Later in the same year, he was involved in reorganizing the Orthodox seminary at Iaşi's Socola Monastery, and traveled to Transylvania in order to enlist the help of scholars active there. His friendly relations with various leaders of the Transylvanian School helped in achieving this goal; in 1820, he returned to Moldavia accompanied by Vasile Fabian Bob, Ioan Costa, Ion Manfi and Vasile Pop, all of whom became teachers at the Academy.[13] Early in 1821, Gheorghe Asachi's activities were interrupted when the Greek Filiki Eteria forces crossed the Prut River and took over Moldavia on their way to Wallachia, during what constituted the earliest stage of the Greek War of Independence. Like his father (who died in 1825), Metropolitan Veniamin, and many other notable Moldavians, Asachi fled into Russian territory. He returned the following year, as the Ottoman Empire retook the region and put an end to Phanariote rules (a measure which attracted Asachi's enthusiasm); the new prince, Ioan Sturdza, appointed him Moldavian representative to the Austrian Empire, an office which he held between 30 November 1822 and February 1827.[14] With this, he was awarded the traditional rank of Great Comis, and thus joined the ranks of nobility. As a diplomat, Asachi was foremost noted for his contacts with nationalist intellectuals who represented various ethnicities subject to the Austrian Empire.[15] While in Vienna, he met the Austrian woman Elena Tauber, former governess of the Sturdza children and widow of the merchant Kiriako Melirato; she was his concubine until 1827, when they were married in an Orthodox church in Iaşi.[15] Tauber had three children from her marriage to Melirato — a girl, Hermiona, and two boys, Alexandru and Dimitrie (later, a mathematician); all of them were adopted by Asachi.[16] Şcoala Vasiliană and Albina RomâneascăEdit Albina Românească issue no. 9, cover dated 1 February 1840 Soon after returning, Asachi was appointed caretaker of all Moldavian schools and Vel Agha. In March 1828, he succeeded in opening a multilingual upper school and gymnasium, connected to the Trei Ierarhi Church, named Şcoala Vasiliană or Gimnaziul Vasilian (in honor of the 17th-century prince Vasile Lupu, who had created the original education institution on that site). It was the first modern institution of its kind in Moldavia, and was soon supplemented by a college.[13] Şcoala Vasiliană also continued the engineering course, taught by Gheorghe Filipescu, and had additional chairs in mathematics, architecture, applied mechanics and hydraulics; in 1834, it sent several of its alumni, including the architect Alexandru Costinescu, for further studies abroad.[8] On 19 July 1827, a great fire in Iaşi's western quarter destroyed Asachi's lodging, as well as the vast majority of his possessions and manuscripts.[16] Upon the end of the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829, Moldavia and Wallachia again came under Russian administration. During that interval, Asachi decided to expand his educational goals and popularize new ideas through the means of press institutions, and requested approval from the Russian consul in Iaşi, Matvey Minciaky, to have these set up.[11] In April 1829, Russia endorsed his project for a magazine titled Albina Românească, which first saw print in July of the same year.[17][11][18] The first periodical to be published in Moldavia, it ran its own printing press, known as Institutul Albinei and originally housed in the Trei Ierarhi area. Alongside its stated goal (which involved generating a literary language), Albina Românească hosted pieces on current events, scientific essays, as well as articles offering practical advice.[19] Over the following decades, it oversaw the publishing of several other magazines, which were originally designed as supplements;[20] among these, Alăuta Românească (1837–1838) and Foaea Sătească a Prinţipatului Moldovei (1839) were initiated by the younger activist Mihail Kogălniceanu, who, through his influential publication Dacia Literară, become a vocal critic of Asachi's political and cultural views.[21][22][18] First and foremost, Kogălniceanu expressed his dissatisfaction over the fact that Albina Românească relied on publishing translations from foreign authors, instead of encouraging national specificity.[18] In addition, Asachi also issued a large panel of related works, including a series of almanacs which ran between 1847 and 1870.[23] Another magazine created by Asachi, the short-lived Spicuitorul Moldo-Român (1841–1842), was published in both Romanian and French, having a Frenchman named Gallice, who worked as a teacher, for its co-editor.[24] Regulamentul Organic adoptionEdit In late 1829, through a framework first outlined in the Akkerman Convention, Russian governor Peter Zheltukhin established a boards of experts from both countries, charged with drafting the constitutional project eventually known as Regulamentul Organic. The project was delayed by the ongoing war and epidemics of cholera and bubonic plague until 1831–1832, as Pavel Kiselyov took over for Zheltukhin; Gheorghe Asachi served as secretary of the Moldavian board[25][5] — the body also comprised Mihail Sturdza, Iordache Catagiu, Constantin Cantacuzino-Paşcanu and Costache Conachi.[26] The membership outlined for the Moldavian board scandalized the lesser boyars, who pointed out that the Akkerman treaties called for the new legislation to be adopted through a vote in a representative Boyar Divan, and who attempted to have Asachi and Conachi recalled.[27] Despite the protests, the board continued its activities, being overseen by the former consul Minciaky; together with Mihail Sturdza and the Wallachian Alexandru Vilara, Asachi was dispatched to Saint Petersburg to obtain the approval of Emperor Nicholas I, which led to the document being enforced in both Principalities. In its final version, the Regulament endorsed his efforts as educator, regulating public education and transferring assets donated by Vasile Lupu to Şcoala Vasiliană.[26] The trade regulations offered by the Regulament were welcomed with enthusiasm by Asachi, prompting him to write an ode in their honor, titled Annul nou al moldo-românilor 1830, în care s-a lucrat Regulamentul organic, acel întâi cod administrativ al Moldovei ("The New Year of the Moldo-Romanians 1830, in Which Regulamentul Organic, the First Administrative Code of Moldavia, Was Completed").[28] In sharp contrast to his later advocacies, Asachi attempted to introduce provisions for the two Principalities' union, and some of his interventions in the text were meant to facilitate this project.[29] At the time, he took a compassionate view in respect to peasants, denouncing the exploitation of their labor by the boyars.[30] Under Mihail SturdzaEdit Gheorghe Asachi was heavily impressed by the institutions he saw functioning in the Russian capital, and did his best to replicate them in Moldavia.[28] After his return from Russia, Asachi became head of the Moldavian National Archives, in which capacity he published the first collection of documents referring to the country's history.[11] From early 1834 onwards, he was a main collaborator of the newly appointed prince and former colleague on the Moldavian board, Mihail Sturdza, receiving funds and benefiting from on order to prioritize education in "Moldavian" (Romanian).[31] In July of the same year, Asachi visited the Wallachian capital of Bucharest, being charged by Minciaky with strengthening the common framework of the Regulament by ensuring that its two versions did not differ in content.[28] By May 1833, he was able to move into a new house, which he designed and erected in the Muntenimea area of Copou Hill, on a large plot of land he had purchased from Lupu Balş; at around the same time, Institutul Albinei was also reopened on the new location.[16] An 1852 survey showed that Asachi had a second, smaller, house in downtown Iaşi.[16] In late 1834, on Asachi's request, Sturdza gave approval for the first Moldavian girls' school to be opened in the capital. On 6 June 1835, following Asachi's interventions, Academia Mihăileană, the first Romanian-language institution of higher education, was established in the city.[11] A fundamental institution of higher learning, and the nucleus for the present-day University of Iaşi, it also hosted lectures by cultural figures from Moldavia, Transylvania and Wallachia alike, including some of Asachi's young rivals; among the teachers were Mihail Kogălniceanu, Ion Ionescu de la Brad, Eftimie Murgu, Ion Ghica, and August Treboniu Laurian.[8] In addition, Asachi presented a plan to create a school of agronomy, to function alongside the city's military academy, and, by 1848, created a school for further qualification in engineering.[8] On 15 November 1836, he founded, alongside Vornic Ştefan Catargiu and Spătar Alecsandri (the father of poet Vasile Alecsandri), a conservatory, and, after 1837, was appointed head of the Moldavian Theater, among the first of its kind to showcase original pieces in Romanian.[32] At the head of a committee, he took charge of translating a German-language dictionary into Romanian, stressing that this was a response to the Moldavians' need for knowledge.[18] During the early 1840s, he became interested in organizing education for the non-emancipated Armenian and Jewish communities — in 1842, it was as a result of his efforts that an Armenian primary school was set up.[11] In 1847, Asachi's printing press issued an Armenian-language primer.[3] He was also the person behind the creation of the Iaşi School of Arts and Crafts (January 1841), as well as helping establish the first public library, the paper mill near Piatra Neamţ, an Art Gallery and a National History Museum.[32] In the meantime, Academia Mihăileană was disestablished and transformed into a French-language school (overseen by a teacher named Malgouverné).[33] Over the same decade, Asachi moved towards Conservatism, defending Regulamentul Organic in front of the increasingly popular liberal current.[34][18] He clashed with young activists who rejected Sturdza's rule, and, as early as 1839, noted with dissatisfaction that "a new people was born [...], with new wishes and ideas".[28] His conflict with Kogălniceanu was transported to the field of politics, and Asachi joined in condemning the anti-Regulament failed rebellion of 1848.[35] As most other press venues submitted to the minimal requirement of Russian officials and avoided publishing any material related to the revolution, Albina Românească criticized the revolutionaries for having discarded "their duty to the powers that be", and praised Russia for sending its troops to combat "anarchy".[22][18] Despite this, Kogălniceanu later claimed that, on one occasion, he had seen Asachi sobbing over having been made to criticize the Romanian activists.[36] The debate prolonged itself over the following years, and, coupled with Asachi's unwaivering support for Sturdza, saw him joining the separatist camp at a time the post-revolutionary group Partida Naţională began openly campaigning for Moldo-Wallachian unification.[37][38] While supporting the interests of the middle class, Asachi stressed that these could compliment a feudal system, and rejected the revolutionary call for abolishing privilege.[30] Also in 1848, Asachi lost his daughter, the 19-year-old Eufrosina, to the cholera outbreak.[16] He published two poems written in her memory.[16] 1850sEdit In January 1850, almost one year after the Convention of Balta Liman awarded the Moldavian throne to the reform-minded and revolutionary sympathizer Grigore Alexandru Ghica, Albina Românească changed its name to Gazeta de Moldavia, adopting an official tone.[20] Asachi, who resigned his positions as inspector and archivist in 1849, was awarded a substantial pension.[22] Between 1851 and 1854, he was head of censorship, using this position to award imprimatur for reformist ideas (with Prince Ghica's tacit approval).[22] At the time, he gave endorsement to the Chronicle of Huru, a document which was claimed to trace a direct lineage between Roman Dacia and Moldavia, and to clarify the more mysterious aspects of the country's early medieval history — the document was used by separatists to emphasize Moldavia's tradition of independence, but was the subject to an inquiry and dismissed by Kogălniceanu (it was later established that the text was a forgery).[37] During the political battles which followed Ghica's retirement and the Crimean War, Gazeta de Moldavia transformed itself into an official platform for the anti-unionist camp.[20] After the retreat of Russian troops and an interval of Austrian administration, Moldavia and Wallachia's government came under the direct supervision of various European powers, and Kaymakam Teodor Balş ensured the interregnum in Iaşi. In this context, Ottoman authorities, through the voice of Fuat Pasha, gave their approval for relative freedom of the press to be legislated.[22] With Costache Negruzzi, Asachi again became an official censor, while again assuming the offices of archivist and inspector of Moldavian schools.[22] As the Treaty of Paris imposed the creation of ad hoc Divans, through which the two countries' inhabitants were allowed to decide their future, the unionist camp saw a chance for fulfilling its goals; Asachi and his associates reacted vehemently, and, in May 1857, complained to the Porte that unification would bring about various perils. One month later, the government of Kaymakam Nicolae Vogoride carried out an electoral fraud to yield a separatist majority in the ad hoc Divan — Asachi, who supported Sturdza's bid for the throne, is thought to have played a major part in bringing this about, and, together with Vogoride himself, Nicolae Istrati, and the Austrian consul Oskar von Gödel-Lannoy, to have drawn up falsified the electoral lists.[38] He was himself a candidate in the Iaşi electoral college, receiving 197 votes and placing himself second among the representatives it sent to the Divan.[39] His magazine stood alone in claiming that the regime had acted impartially.[20] The suffrage was hotly contested and annulled through an agreement between the Second French Empire and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; Asachi himself was thus forced to note that the new elections in August managed to overturn the previous results.[40] He was no longer elected a deputy, and his candidature for the position of secretary of the electoral board was awarded just one vote.[39] In 1858, Gazeta de Moldavia was entirely dedicated to political subjects and support for Vogoride's policies, and ceased print in October, as the Kaymakam ended his mandate.[20] In late November, it reemerged under the title Patria, which continued to criticize Partida Naţională from a conservative position, notably hosting articles by the anti-unionist Istrati.[20] As a new regency of three was preparing elections, the magazine rallied with Ştefan Catargiu, Asachi's lifelong collaborator and the separatist representative in the body of kaymakams, against the two unionists (Vasile Sturdza and Anastasie Panu), before Catargiu was replaced with I. A. Cantacuzino.[40] In November 1837, Asachi and another 36 separatist boyars issued a memorandum unsuccessfully asking the Ottoman Grand Vizier Aali Pasha to intervene against the unionist kaymakams, restore censorship, and to narrow down the electoral lists.[39] Final yearsEdit Asachi in old age (portrait originally printed in the first edition of his collected short stories) The situation changed in January 1859, when Partida Naţională was able to ensure the election of Alexandru Ioan Cuza as both Prince of Moldavia and Prince of Wallachia, in what was the de facto union of the two countries. After congratulating Cuza on his accomplishment, Asachi authored a pome titled Odă la Dumnezeu ("An Ode to God"), which proclaimed the brotherhood of Romanians and the notion that "power resides in Unity".[39] Patria drastically reduced its articles in support of separation, while allocating most of its space to reprinting official papers.[20] Nevertheless, as Domnitor Cuza was deposed and the election of a foreign ruler over the Romanian Principality was being assessed, it is probable that Gheorghe Asachi again switched to a separatist stance: on 14 April 1866, after an incident during which Iaşi crowds protested the prolongation of unification beyond Cuza's reign, he was the subject of an inquiry on charges of sedition. This remains a mysterious aspect of his political career, and it is certain that Asachi eventually rallied with Carol later in the year. It is likely, however, that his inconsistent views prompted other intellectuals to reject his participation in founding the Romanian Academy.[39] The various projects also involved Asachi's own financial reserves, which led him to become indebted and mortgage his assets on several occasions: in 1862, after Asachi was declared insolvent, the Copou house was put up for auction, but the writer was able to come up with the money before the sale was perfected.[16] He continued to depend on debts in order to feed his family, and unsuccessfully offered Institutul Albinei to be purchased by the state.[16] In February 1869, the Dimitrie Ghica government awarded Asachi a yearly pension of 8,888 lei, "for the important services he has brought to the country from 1813 to 1862".[39] He died several months later in Iaşi, and was buried at the Patruzeci de Sfinţi Church.[30][16] His printing press ceased its activity in 1867.[16] LiteratureEdit Style and subjectsEdit During his youth, Asachi was one of the most representative members of an idealist generation of Moldavian intellectuals.[35] In the context of early Romanian literature, where Romanticism and delayed Classicism coexisted, Asachi, like Grigore Alexandrescu, George Baronzi and others, tended to side with the latter,[41] at a time when his counterpart in Bucharest, Ion Heliade Rădulescu, bridged the gap between the two schools.[42] The literary critic Garabet Ibrăileanu concluded that Asachi's literature signified a transition between a Classicist stage exemplified by Costache Conachi and younger Romantics such as Vasile Alecsandri and Dimitrie Bolintineanu (he also concluded that the casual comparisons made between Heliade Rădulescu and Asachi had failed to note that the former was not a conservative).[18] Gheorghe Asachi recommended his students to study Italian literature, and would frown upon models inspired by French literature.[18] His creation comprised poems, the first of which were written in Italian,[43] as well as vast array of short stories and novellas, through which Asachi attempted to create a legendary history partly mirroring Romanian mythology.[44] The major influences on his work were Renaissance authors such as Petrarch, Ludovico Ariosto, and Torquato Tasso, but he also accommodated more modern influences, such as Salvator Rosa, Thomas Gray, Gottfried August Bürger, Vasily Zhukovsky, Lord Byron and Friedrich Schiller.[41] Thus, Asachi created himself a fictional location, called Dochia — a reference to both Dacia and the myth of Baba Dochia, which houses the Ceahlău Massif under the name of Pion.[44] Asachi was also the first person to mention Baba Dochia in connection to the Roman Emperor Trajan and the Dacian Wars — the vague and unprecedented references make it likely that he actually invented the original story as well.[45] References to this universe are also present in an eponymous novella about Dragoş, the first Prince of Moldavia, which partly drew on old chronicles, and partly displayed Asachi's own fictional devices. The story centers on Harboe, a chivalrous Tatar ruler who resides in the Cumanian town of Romidava, who falls in love with Branda, the daughter of a Moesian lord and would-be wife of Dragoş.[46] Dochia's hidden altar, referred to as "a simulacrum", is guarded by a Vestal-like priestess and a deer hind. Asachi's other prose works on historical subjects take similar liberties with their subjects (they notably describe large Gothic monuments and tournaments in medieval Moldavia, as well as improbable details from the lives of 14th–16th century Princes Bogdan I, Stephen the Great, and Petru Rareş).[46] Asachi's works also include romanticized accounts of a journey made by the Cossack Hetman Ivan Mazepa into Moldavia (Mazepa în Moldova) and the life of Ruxandra, daughter of Vasile Lupu and wife of Tymofiy Khmelnytsky (Rucsandra Doamna), as well as Jijia, where a captured fairy recounts her previous existence as a Christian martyr, and Sirena lacului, where a dishonored maiden, who has turned into a siren, takes revenge on boyar.[46] In connection with Nicolae Vogoride's policies, Asachi drew on historical subject to counter the calls for unity voiced by Partida Naţională; in addition to the endorsement he gave to the Chronicle of Huru, he emphasized, in an article of June 1857, the campaign led by Stephen the Great into Wallachia, calling for a landmark to be raised in honor of "the vanquisher of the Wallachians".[38] This mirrored the earlier comments made by the Wallachian anti-unionist Dimitrie Papazoglu, who proposed a celebration and monument honoring the 1653 Battle of Finta (during which the Wallachian forces of Matei Basarab had defeated an army of Moldavians and Cossacks).[38] Gheorghe Asachi's style has been criticized from the time of his debate with other intellectuals of his age, when Mihail Kogălniceanu argued that his lyrical works were mere replicas of foreign models. Several influential literary historians of the 20th century expressed similar views: George Călinescu indicated that, in general, poems by Asachi sounded "banal"; in one of his essays, Paul Zarifopol commented that Asachi and his generation, from Iancu Văcărescu to Vasile Cârlova, Alexandru Hrisoverghi, and Heliade Rădulescu, were "semi-cultured" and "amateurs". Both Călinescu and Zarifopol stressed that, in his best work, Asachi announced the poetic language of Mihai Eminescu, the most influential author of the late 19th century.[47] LanguageEdit Present at the forefront during debates regarding the shape of literary language, Asachi drew criticism for introducing archaisms and marginally used neologisms to the Romanian lexis, as well as for the forms of spelling he encouraged. Commenting on a series of words which are nowhere used outside his novellas and poems, George Călinescu called them "impossible [...], presently seeming bizarre, mostly Romantic, lacking in historical perception".[46] In essence, Asachi called for the modern language to reflect as much as possible the one used by the folk — in this respect, he came closer to Kogălniceanu's views than to those of Heliade Rădulescu (at a time when the latter favored using the dialects employed by the Romanian Orthodox and Greek-Catholic churches).[48] One of the first to discover old Moldavian chronicles and recommend them for reading, he came to propose that the Moldavian dialect, as reflected in these, could be used as a template for the modern speech.[49] Nevertheless, his views fluctuated, and he was noted for proposing himself that the Church language be used as a template, while contrasting the support he gave to Westernization in general with his distaste for popular French-sounding neologisms.[18] In an article he published in 1847, Asachi defined himself as a partisan of "the juste milieu" on language matters, and recommended adopting words and rules of grammar with moderation, and from all sources available. According to the literary critic Garabet Ibrăileanu, "[...] anybody who has ever read anything of what this writer has authored knows that he has a language of his own, a characteristic one, resembling those of many writers, without resemblig that of anyone else to the point where we could place him in any category." The same commentator nonetheless noted that there were clear similarities between the way in which Asachi used Romanian and the language favored by Costache Conachi.[18] His enduring aversion towards Western neologisms, as well as towards the Latin-based linguistic purism favored by many Transylvanian scholars, made Asachi a predecessor of the Bukovinan academic Aron Pumnul. However, in his later years, Asachi came to praise and uphold Heliade Rădulescu's controversial advocacy in favor of modifying Romanian on the basis of Italian (with its claim that the two languages were in fact closely related dialects of Latin).[18] The Iaşi National Theatre Asachi's experimentations with the Romanian Latin alphabet were noted for their inconsistencies, and criticized as such by Kogălniceanu (who, as an example, pointed out that Asachi had alternatively used "tch", "tz", "c", and "cz" to mark the voiceless postalveolar affricate).[18] Asachi and the Romanian theaterEdit Considered, together with the Wallachian Heliade Rădulescu, the founder of early Romanian theater,[50][51] Asachi produced the first staging of a Romanian-language play, first performed for the public on 27 December 1816, at the Ghica family manor.[52][53] The work was his own adaptation of Myrtil et Chloé, a pastoral theme authored by Solomon Gessner and retaken by Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian;[52][53][50] in its printed version, the text also featured illustrations drawn by his own hand.[54] Extremely popular, Asachi's play was celebrated for helping to counter the perceived xenophily of the early 19th century Moldavian cultural environment.[55] Two Ghicas and a Sturdza were assigned parts in the first staging, and Veniamin Costachi was present in the audience.[53] In early 1837, his conservatory began functioning regularly, which coincided with Asachi's leadership of the National Theatre. Before and after this moment, the writer contributed translations from various prestigious dramatists and playwrights, August von Kotzebue, Voltaire, Jean Racine and Nikolai Gogol among them. In parallel, he published librettos for popular operas, thus lending a hand to the development of local operatic theater.[55] Contribution to visual artsEdit Templul Iubirii ("The Temple of Love"), drawing by Gheorghe Asachi As a teacher, Asachi assisted and encouraged the development of Romanian art. Before he came to exercise his influence, Moldavian art was essentially dependent on boyar patronage, and, by the turn of the 18th century, had come to focus on portrait painting.[56] Asachi centered his energies on introducing Romantic nationalist themes and popularizing new trends.[12] He integrated painting, architecture, and drawing and oil painting in classes taught at Academia Mihăileană (called class de zugrăvie, an antiquated version of "painting course"), and introduced lithography through the means of his printing press.[11][12][5] In the 1830s and 1840s, he encouraged artists the copying and publishing of paintings and drawings with historical themes. Asachi emphasized the educational aspects of zugrăvitura istorică în oloiu ("history painting in oil"), and intended its creations to reach as wide an audience as possible.[11][12] In this respect as well, his contributions were equivalent to those of Heliade Rădulescu, who opened the first museum in Wallachia (1837).[57] The resulting works are generally naïve in quality, and inaccurate in their reconstruction of historical scenes.[58] Gheorghe Panaiteanu Bardasare, the recipient of a scholarship to the Akademie der Bildenden Künste in Munich, was the only one of his many disciples to remain under the influence of Asachi's tenets for the rest of his life, developing these into academic art.[59] Asachi's disciples also included Gheorghe Lemeni, who studied in Munich and Rome, and the minor artist Gheorghe Năstăseanu.[60][61] Arguably, Asachi's most important contribution to the artistic field was his involvement in attracting foreign painters to the Moldavian scene, by offering them commissions or educational assignments; among these were the Polish Ludwik Stawski and Mauriciu Loeffler, the Italian Giovanni Schiavoni,[62][63] as well as the Austrian Josef Adler (noted for authoring an 1833 manual for landscape painting and still life works) and Ioan Müller (who taught figurative art).[64] Of them, Asachi reportedly considered Schiavoni to be the most competent, while he tended to replace most others after reexamining their skills.[65] Another important Italian artist who arrived in Iaşi during that period was the former Carboneria revolutionary Niccoló Livaditti, to whom Asachi did not, however, assign a teaching post.[66] In 1843, four years before the Iaşi Academia was radically transformed, the art classes were disestablished due to the protest of various boyars (who objected to the fact that members of all social groups could attend them).[67] Gheorghe Asachi's own works, many of which date back to the time he spent in Rome, show the influence of Classicism.[54] Noted for their rigorous use of artistic conventions and nature study, they are nonetheless considered inferior to both their creator's contributions to other cultural fields and the works of other many painters active in Moldavia at the time.[12] Asachi himself is known to have sketched out works which were completed by his foreign collaborators or students (among these is a since-lost painting of Stephen the Great facing his mother, signed by the Italian artist Giani, and an 1845 painting of Moldavians in the battle of Malbork Castle).[68] A series of Classicist drawings from the early decades of the 19th century have only tentatively been attributed to Asachi.[12] DescendantsEdit Elena, Gheorghe Asachi's widow, died in 1877.[30][16] Of his adopted children, Dimitrie Asachi was to be the most famous: a pupil of his stepfather's, he was to author the first original book on mathematics in his country (1841).[8] Alexandru Asachi, who joined the Romanian Army and became an officer,[16] was himself known as an artist: a lithographer and author of historical works, he published several albums of hand-colored prints during the 1850s.[69] In 1835, Hermiona Asachi (whose given name was often Francised as Hermione) fell in love with Alexandru, the underage son of former Prince Alexander Mourousis, who soon after moved into Asachi's house; this scandalized other members of the Mourousis family, and the conflict was ended only when the two youths agreed to marry.[16] They had a son, George Moruzi, who died in 1856.[16] In 1843, Hermiona translated and published Silvio Pellico's collection of maxims, Dei doveri degli uomini.[70] She got married a second time, in 1852, to the well-known French historian Edgar Quinet[16][71][1][72] (between 1841 and 1845, she had attended Quinet's lectures at the Collège de France);[71] five years later, Asachi translated and Quinet's collected works into Romanian — according to historian Nicolae Iorga, the edition was toned-down and censored.[24] The Quinets did not have any children.[16] Landmarks and portrayalsEdit Rectorate of the Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi In autumn 1890, a statue of Asachi was erected in front of the Trei Ierarhi Church school complex, an initiative taken by a group of his conservative collaborators. On the same occasion, Asachi's remains, together with those of his wife Elena, were placed in the monument's base.[30][16] The courtyard of Asachi's house on Copou Hill hosts a small monument, which he raised to the memory of his daughter Eufrosina and his grandson George.[16] Asachi laid out the plan for a monument honoring Regulamentul Organic, completed by the Russian artist Sungurov with workforce hired from Galicia, and raised on Copou as the first structure of its kind in Moldavia.[73] He is also noted for having proposed, in 1853, to create a modern cemetery in Iaşi on Galata Hill — his project was never used, but in 1871, Eternitatea, a cemetery corresponding to his requirements, was set up on land donated to the city.[74] The Copou house itself was taken over by Malvina Czapkai, a creditor of Asachi and his son Alexandru; it served as a boarding school, and, during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, as a Russian military hospital.[16] In 1892, Marie of Edinburgh, who had just married the Romanian heir apparent, Ferdinand Hohenzollern, purchased it for 52,000 lei.[16] It was subsequently the Principesa Maria School for Arts and Crafts, destined to women's education, and, during World War I, served as a home for orphaned girls.[16] In 1937, Queen Marie transformed into an institute for welfare, which notably hosted the practice of sociologist and psychologist Mihai Ralea.[16] The house was again a hospital in World War II, when it was taken over by the Romanian Air Force; in 1948, when the Communist regime was established, it was nationalized (together with all other Royal property), and served as the headquarters of the Romanian Land Forces 4th Corps, and was later rented for private use.[16] Since 1976, it has housed two institutes of the Romanian Academy (the Alexandru Philippide Institute of Philology and the Gheorghe Zane Institute of Economic and Social Research).[16] Among the artists two have depicted Asachi during his lifetime were his associate Giovanni Schiavoni (whose painting shows the young writer surrounded by objects illustrating his many interests)[62][75] and Constantin Daniel Stahi (a pupil of Panaiteanu Berdasare).[76] In December 1937, a section of the University of Iaşi was created into an institute of technology, with the name of Gheorghe Asachi Polytechnic School (the present-day Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi).[8] A public library in the city also bears his name, as do a school erected in 1900 on the site previously occupied by Şcoala Vasiliană and high schools in the Romanian cities of Botoşani and Sibiu, as well as in the Moldovan capital Chişinău. ^ a b Djuvara, p. 352 ^ ‹See Tfd›(in Romanian) "Armenii în istorie şi cultură", in Observator Cultural, retrieved 3 June 2007 ^ a b ‹See Tfd›(in Romanian) "Urmaşii legendari ai lui Noe... – Armenii din România", in Foaia Românească, 23 April 2004; retrieved 3 July 2007 ^ a b c d Cărăbuş, p. 185 ^ a b c d e f Oprescu, p. 29 ^ a b c d Cărăbuş, pp. 186–187 ^ Cărăbuş, pp. 187–188 ^ a b c d e f g ‹See Tfd›(in Romanian) Mihail Diaconu, "Scurt istoric al începuturilor învăţământului tehnic superior de construcţii în Moldova", in 60 de ani de învăţământ superior modern de construcţii la Iaşi (1941–2001), at the University of Iaşi ^ Djuvara, p. 215 ^ Cărăbuş, p. 188 ^ a b c d e f g h Cărăbuş, p. 190 ^ a b c d e f Drăguţ et al., p. 112 ^ a b c Cărăbuş, pp. 188–189 ^ Cărăbuş, pp. 189, 192–193 ^ a b Cărăbuş, p. 193 ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x ‹See Tfd›(in Romanian) Mircea Ciubotaru, "Asachi necunoscut", in Convorbiri Literare, retrieved 3 July 2007 ^ Călinescu, p. 62 ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Garabet Ibrăileanu, Amestec de curente contradictorii: G. Asachi ^ a b c d e f g Cărăbuş, p. 191 ^ Călinescu, pp. 62, 77 ^ a b c d e f Cărăbuş, p. 195 ^ a b ‹See Tfd›(in French) Nicolae Iorga, Histoire des relations entre la France et les Roumains (wikisource) ^ Constantin C. Giurescu (1966) Istoria Bucureştilor. Din cele mai vechi timpuri pînă în zilele noastre, Editura Pentru Literatură, Bucharest. pp. 122–123 OCLC 1279610 ^ a b Cărăbuş, pp. 189–190, 193–194 ^ Cărăbuş, pp. 196, 199 ^ a b c d e Cărăbuş, p. 198 ^ a b Cărăbuş, p. 190, 192 ^ Oprescu, p. 33 ^ a b Cărăbuş, pp. 194–195 ^ Garabet Ibrăileanu, Evoluţia spiritului critic – Deosebirile dintre vechea şcoală critică moldovenească şi "Junimea" ^ a b Lucian Boia (2001) History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness, Central European University Press, Budapest. pp. 47–49. ISBN 963-9116-97-1 ^ a b Cărăbuş, pp. 191, 197 ^ a b Călinescu, pp. 53–56 ^ Măciucă, p. XXI ^ ‹See Tfd›(in Romanian) Carmen Pleşa, "Stânca Dochia", in Jurnalul Naţional, 19 December 2005; retrieved 3 June 2007 ^ a b c d Călinescu, pp. 55–56 ^ Garabet Ibrăileanu, Veacul al XIX-lea. Factorii culturii româneşti din acest veac ^ Garabet Ibrăileanu, Recunoaşterea necesităţii criticii. Cauzele pentru care spiritul critic apare în Moldova ^ a b ‹See Tfd›(in French) Nicolae Iorga, La Monarchie de juillet et les Roumains ^ Măciucă, p. XII ^ a b c Djuvara, p. 311 ^ a b Drăguţ et al., p. 113 ^ a b Cărăbuş, p.192 ^ Oprescu, pp. 26–28 ^ Oprescu, pp. 31, 43 ^ Drăguţ et al., pp. 125–126 ^ Drăguţ et al., p. 125 ^ a b Drăguţ et al., pp. 113–114 ^ Oprescu, pp. 29, 44–49 ^ Alin Ciupală, Femeia în societatea românească a secolului al XIX-lea, Editura Meridiane, Bucharest, 2003, p.76-77 ^ a b ‹See Tfd›(in Romanian) Alexandre Davier, "Români la Paris: marile familii", in Magazin Istoric, May 1999; retrieved 3 July 2007 ^ Iorga, La Révolution de 1848 et les émigrés ^ ‹See Tfd›(in Romanian) Silvia Craus, "Pietrele vorbitoare", in Ieşeanul, 7 February 2007; retrieved 3 July 2007 Cited sourcesEdit Călinescu, George (1983) Istoria literaturii române. Compendiu, Editura Minerva, Bucharest. ‹See Tfd›(in Romanian) Cărăbuş, Gheorghe Gabriel (2004)"Asachi – un separatist avant la lettre", in Codrul Cosminului, Nr.10, at the Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava; retrieved 3 July 2007 Djuvara, Neagu (1995) Între Orient şi Occident. Ţările române la începutul epocii moderne, Humanitas, Bucharest. ISBN 973-28-0523-4 Drăguţ, Vasile; Florea, Vasile; Grigorescu, Dan and Mihalache, Marin (1970) Pictura românească în imagini, Editura Meridiane, Bucharest. OCLC 5717220 Măciucă, Constantin (1978) "Prefaţă", p. V-XXXV, in Ion Heliade Rădulescu, Scrieri alese, Editura Albatros, Bucharest. OCLC 16207716 Oprescu, George (ed.) (1958) Scurtă istorie a artelor plastice în R.P.R., Editura Academiei RPR, Bucharest. OCLC 7162839 Romanian Wikisource has original text related to this article: Gheorghe Asachi: Original works in Romanian Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gheorghe Asachi. ‹See Tfd›(in Romanian) Gheorghe Asachi House ‹See Tfd›(in Romanian) Gheorghe Asachi Library in Iaşi Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_Asachi&oldid=896531007"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line723
__label__wiki	0.586549	0.586549	Great Indian bustard The great Indian bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) or Indian bustard is a bustard found on the Indian subcontinent. A large bird with a horizontal body and long bare legs, giving it an ostrich like appearance, this bird is among the heaviest of the flying birds. Once common on the dry plains of the Indian subcontinent, as few as 150 individuals were estimated to survive in 2018 (reduced from an estimated 250 individuals in 2011)[2] and the species is critically endangered by hunting and loss of its habitat, which consists of large expanses of dry grassland and scrub. These birds are often found associated in the same habitat as blackbuck. It is protected under Wildlife Protection Act 1972 of India. At Naliya grasslands, Kutch, India Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1] Order: Otidiformes Family: Otididae Genus: Ardeotis A. nigriceps Ardeotis nigriceps (Vigors, 1831) Points where the species has been recorded. Once widespread, the species is today found mainly in central and western India. Choriotis nigriceps Eupodotis edwardsi Otis nigriceps The great Indian bustard is a large ground bird with a height of about one metre. It is unmistakable with its black cap contrasting with the pale head and neck. The body is brownish with a black patch spotted in white. The male is deep sandy buff coloured and during the breeding season has a black breast band. The crown of the head is black and crested and is puffed up by displaying males. In the female which is smaller than the male, the head and neck are not pure white and the breast band is either rudimentary, broken or absent.[3] All populations[3][4] 1,000–1,070 mm (39.4–42.1 in) 760–830 mm (29.9–32.7 in) Culmen 85–95 mm (3.3–3.7 in) 245–270 mm (9.6–10.6 in) 170–180 mm (6.7–7.1 in) 8–14.5 kg (17.6–32.0 lb) 2.5–6.75 kg (5.5–14.9 lb) Among bustards, this species is smaller only than the Kori bustard and the great bustard in size. It is also the largest land bird in its native range. The great Indian bustard stands at about 1 m (3.3 ft) tall, having a somewhat long neck and quite long legs.[4] The female as in most members of the bustard family are typically considerably smaller.[5] Males have a well-developed gular pouch which is inflated when calling during display and helps produce the deep resonant calls.[4][6] Abnormally leucistic or near albino birds have been reported.[7] Illustration by Henrik Grönvold from E. C. Stuart Baker's Game-birds of India, Burma and Ceylon This species was formerly widespread in India and Pakistan.[5] The bustard is critically endangered in Pakistan primarily due to lack of protection and rampant hunting.[8] A few birds were detected in a September 2013 survey of the Cholistan Desert in Pakistan.[9] In India, the bird was historically found in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Today the bustard is restricted to isolated pockets in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan (shared with Pakistan).[10] Great Indian bustards make local movements but these are not well understood although it is known that populations disperse after the monsoons.[11] Males are said to be solitary during the breeding season but form small flocks in winter. Males may however distribute themselves close together[12] and like other bustards they are believed to use a mating system that has been termed as an "exploded or dispersed lek".[13] The male is polygamous.[14] The habitat where it is most often found is arid and semi-arid grasslands, open country with thorn scrub, tall grass interspersed with cultivation. It avoids irrigated areas.[3] The major areas where they are known to breed are in central and western India and eastern Pakistan. The dry semi-desert regions where it was found in parts of Rajasthan has been altered by irrigation canals that have transformed the region into an intensively farmed area.[15] Behaviour and ecologyEdit The great Indian bustard is omnivorous. Apparently, insects, consisting mainly of Orthoptera, but also beetles,( particularly Mylabris sp.[5]) are preferred in the diet. Alternatively, they will take grass seeds, berries (largely of the genera Ziziphus and Eruca), rodents and reptiles (in Rajasthan they are known to take Indian spiny-tailed lizards Uromastyx hardwickii[16]). In cultivated areas, they feed on crops such as exposed groundnut, millets and pods of legumes.[17] They drink water if it is available and will sometimes sit down to drink or suck water followed by raising up their heads at an angle.[18] When threatened, hens are said to carry young chicks under the wing.[19] Male (left) and female in display, Rajasthan Breeding occurs between March and September, when the inflated fluffy white feathers of the male are inflated and displayed. Territorial fights between males may involve strutting next to each other, leaping against each other with legs against each other and landing down to lock the opponent's head under their neck.[20] During courtship display, the male inflates the gular sac which opens under the tongue, inflating it so that a large wobbly bag appears to hang down from the neck. The tail is held cocked up over the body. The male also raises the tail and folds it on its back. The male periodically produces a resonant deep, booming call that may be heard for nearly 500m.[3][4] The female lays a single egg in an unlined scrape on the ground.[5][21] Only the females are involved in incubation and care of the young. The eggs are at risk of destruction from other animals particularly ungulates and crows.[4] Females may use a distraction display that involves flying zigzag with dangling legs.[4] From Thomas Hardwicke's Illustrations of Indian Zoology (1830–1835) In 2011 Birdlife International uplisted this species from Endangered to Critically Endangered, mainly because it has been exirpated from 90% of its former range and the population was estimated at perhaps fewer than 250 individuals in 2008.[1] The main threats are hunting and habitat loss. In the past they were heavily hunted for their meat and for sport and, today, poaching of the species may continue. In some places, such as Rajasthan, increased irrigation by the Indira Gandhi canal has led to increased agriculture and the altered habitat has led to the disappearance of the species from these regions.[22] Some populations migrate into Pakistan where hunting pressure is high.[15] The bird is found in Rajasthan, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat states of India. Desert National Park, near Jaisalmer and coastal grasslands of the Abdasa and Mandvi talukas of Kutch District of Gujarat support some populations.[23]Ghatigaon and Karera sanctuaries in Madhya Pradesh once held sizeable populations.[24] Other sanctuaries with the species include Kutch Bustard Sanctuary of Naliya in Kutch,[25] Karera Wildlife Sanctuary in Shivpuri district;Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary near Nannaj,[26] 18 km from Solapur in Maharashtra, Shrigonda taluka in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra, near Nagpur and near Warora in Chandrapur district in Maharashtra and Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary, 45 km from Kurnool in Andhra Pradesh.[27] At Ranibennur Blackbuck Sanctuary, habitat changes have affected the populations of blackbuck and bustards. In the 1950s the scrub forest was replaced with Eucalyptus plantations. These helped wildlife when the trees were short but after their extensive growth they made the adjoining grassland less favourable for bustards.[28][29] A 2011 study of the variability in mitochondrial DNA (hypervariable control region II and cytochrome b) in 63 samples from 5 Indian states found very low genetic diversity suggesting a historical population reduction. The study suggested a population reduction or near extinction estimated about 20-40,000 years ago.[30] Attempts to breed them in captivity in the 1970s failed.[31] The species is considered as "critically endangered" by the IUCN Red data list.[1] ConservationEdit The rapid reduction of the population of India's bustards, their endangered status and the decline of grasslands led the Ministry of Environment and Forests to prepare species recovery programs in 2012 for three species of bustard; the great Indian bustard, the Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis) and the lesser florican (Sypheotides indicus). These programs remain to be finalised and executed by the state wildlife departments.[32] The state of Rajasthan initiated "Project Great Indian Bustard", on World Environment Day 2013, identifying and fencing off bustard breeding grounds in existing protected areas as well as provide secure breeding enclosures in areas outside protected areas.[32] Current threats to the species include the development of linear infrastructure intrusions such as roads and electric power lines in the desert that lead to collision-related mortality.[33] Proposed expansion of renewable energy infrastructure, which may involve deploying solar panels over large areas of desert and grasslands is another threat to the bird's habitat.[34] In cultureEdit Eggs of the species in comparison to the smaller ones of the lesser florican The Mughal emperor Babur noted that "[while] the flesh of the leg of some fowls, and of the breast of others is excellent; the flesh of every part of the Kharchal is delicious".[35][36] The great Indian bustard was however a cryptic and wary bird making it a challenge for sportsmen, who had to stalk carefully (sometimes using covered bullock carts[37]) to get within range.[38] British soldiers in India considered it a delicacy and the species was among the top game-birds. William Henry Sykes notes that they were common in the Deccan region where a "gentleman" had shot a thousand birds.[39][40] (E C Stuart Baker however notes that this may have been an exaggeration- ...we must remember that those were the days when tigers averaged twelve feet...)[5] Jerdon noted that subadults and females had tastier flesh than males while Salim Ali notes that feeding on Mylabris (now Hycleus) tainted their flesh.[4][41][42] Tribal Bhils are claimed to have used a technique for trapping females that involves setting twigs on fire around the nest containing an egg or chick. The female was then said to run to the nest and singe its wings upon which the tribals captured it.[43] Other trapping methods involving the use of nooses are described by Hume in his "Game Birds of India".[6] The invention of the Jeep changed the method of hunting and it became extremely easy for hunters to chase bustards down in their open semi-desert habitats.[4] The name hoom is used in parts of Maharashtra and is derived from the low booming call. The sharp barking alarm call leads to its name of hookna in some parts of northern India.[5] It is known in some other parts as Gaganbher or Gurayin for the resemblance of other calls to thunder or the roar of a tiger.[44] When the "national bird" of India was under consideration, the great Indian bustard was a proposed candidate (strongly supported by the Indian ornithologist Salim Ali[45][46]), but dropped in favour of the Indian peafowl with at least one reason being the potential for being misspelt.[47][48] ^ a b c BirdLife International (2013). "Ardeotis nigriceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013. ^ "Only 150 Great Indian Bustards Left In India \| The Weather Channel". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2018-10-06. ^ a b c d Rasmussen PC; JC Anderton (2005). Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions. p. 148. ^ a b c d e f g h Ali, S; S Dillon Ripley (1980). Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 188–191. ISBN 0-19-565935-X. ^ a b c d e f Baker, ECS (1929). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Volume 6 (2nd ed.). pp. 64–66. ^ a b Hume AO; CHT Marshall (1879). Game birds of India, Burmah and Ceylon. 1. pp. 7–11. ^ Vijayarajji (1926). "An albino bustard (Eupoditis edwarsi)". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 31 (2): 526. ^ Khan, Aleem Ahmed; Khaliq, Imran; Choudhry, Muhammad Jamshed Iqbal; Farooq, Amjad & Hussain, Nazim (25 Oct 2008). "Status, threats and conservation of the Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps (Vigors) in Pakistan (1079)" (PDF). Current Science. 95 (8): 1079–1082. Retrieved 13 Jan 2014. ^ "Houbara Foundation conducts survey for Great Indian Bustard". Pakistan Today. 17 Sep 2013. Retrieved 13 Jan 2014. ^ Dutta, Sutirtha; Rahmani, A. R.; Jhala, Y. V. (24 Nov 2010). "Running out of time? The great Indian bustard Ardeotis nigriceps — status, viability, and conservation strategies" (PDF). European Journal of Wildlife Research. 57 (3): 615-625. doi:10.1007/s10344-010-0472-z. Retrieved 13 Jan 2014. ^ Rahmani, A. R.; Manakadan, R. (1986). "Movement and flock composition of the Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps (Vigors) at Nanaj, Solapur district, Maharashtra, India". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83 (1): 17–31. ^ Baker, EC Stuart (1921). Game birds of India, Burma and Ceylon. Volume 2. Bombay Natural History Society. pp. 164–185. ^ Morales MB; F Jiguet; B Arroyo (2001). "Exploded leks: What bustards can teach us" (PDF). Ardeola. 48 (1): 85–98. ^ Rahmani, A.R. (1991). "Flocking behaviour of a resident population of the great Indian bustard Ardeotis nigriceps (Vigors)" (PDF). Revue d'Ecologie (Terre et la Vie). 46 (1): 53–64. hdl:2042/54637. ^ a b Khan, AA; I Khaliq; M J I Choudhry; A Farooq & N Hussain (2008). "Status, threats and conservation of the Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps (Vigors) in Pakistan" (PDF). Current Science. 95 (8): 1079–1082. ^ Gupta, P.D. (1975). "Stomach contents of the Great Indian Bustard Choriotis nigriceps (Vigors)". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 71 (2): 303–304. ^ Bhushan B; AR Rahmani (1992). "Food and feeding behaviour of the Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps (Vigors)". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 89 (1): 27–40. ^ Hallager, SL (1994). "Drinking methods in two species of bustards". Wilson Bull. 106 (4): 763–764. hdl:10088/4338. ^ Falzone, Celia K. (1992). "First Observations of Chick Carrying Behavior by the Buff-Crested Bustard". The Wilson Bulletin. 104 (1): 190–192. JSTOR 4163135. ^ Joshua, J.; Gokula, V.; Sunderraj, S. F. W. (2005). "Territorial fighting behaviour of Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 102 (1): 114–115. ^ Hume, A.O. (1890). The nests and eggs of the birds of India. 3. R H Porter. pp. 375–378. ^ Rahmani AR; R.G. Soni (1997). "Avifaunal changes in the Indian Thar Desert". Journal of Arid Environments. 36 (4): 687–703. doi:10.1006/jare.1996.0242. ^ Munjpara, S. B.; B. Jethva; C.N.Pandey (2011). "Distribution of the Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps (Gruiformes: Otididae) in Gujarat State, India". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 3 (9): 2090–2094. doi:10.11609/jott.o2756.2090-4. ^ Kasambe, R.; Pimplapure, A.; Thosar, G. & Shad, M.S.R. (2007). "Sighting records of Great Indian Bustards Ardeotis nigriceps in Vidarbha". Newsletter for Birdwatchers. 46 (6): 88–90. ^ Dutta, S; AR Rahmani; YV Jhala (2010). "Running out of time? The great Indian bustard Ardeotis nigriceps—status, viability, and conservation strategies" (PDF). European Journal of Wildlife Research. 57 (3): 615–625. doi:10.1007/s10344-010-0472-z. ^ Kulkarni BS (1981). "Ecology and behavior of Great Indian Bustard". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 78 (2): 375–377. ^ Manakadan, Ranjit; Rahmani, Asad R (1989). "Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary, with special reference to the Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps (Vigors)". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 86 (3): 369–380. ^ Neginhal, SG (1980). "Ecological impact of afforestation at the Ranibennur Blackbuck Sanctuary". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 75: 1254–1258. ^ Kumara HN; VVM Raj (2007). "The Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps" Are they disappearing in Karnataka". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 104 (2): 211–212. ^ Ishtiaq F, Dutta S, Yumnan B, Jhala Y (2011). "Low genetic diversity in the endangered great Indian bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) across India and implications for conservation". Conservation Genetics. 12 (3): 857–863. doi:10.1007/s10592-011-0206-0. ^ Sankhala K. S. (1977). "Captive breeding, reintroduction and nature protection : the Indian experience". Zoo Yearbook. 17: 98–101. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1977.tb00874.x. ^ a b Kumar Sambhav Shrivastava (6 June 2013). "Rajasthan announces Project Great Indian Bustard". Down To Earth. Retrieved 7 June 2013. ^ Raman, T. R. S.; Madhusudan, M. D. (2015). Goswami, M. N.; Chaudhry, P. (eds.). "Current ecological concerns in the power sector: options to avoid or minimise impacts". ncf-india.org. An Epochal Shift in the Idea of India-Meeting aspirations? IPPAI Knowledge Report, Independent Power Producers Association of India, New Delhi. pp. 89–100. Retrieved 2016-09-10. ^ Dutta, Sutirtha (2016-09-10). "Bijli, sadak, paani and bustard". Indian Express. Retrieved 2016-09-10. ^ Ali, Salim (1927). "The Moghul emperors of India as naturalists and sportsmen. Part 2". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32 (1): 34–63. ^ Beveridge, AS (1922). The Babur-nama in English. 2. p. 498. ^ Russell, CEM (1900). Bullet and shot in Indian forest, plain and hill. W. Thacker and Co, London. pp. 381–382. ^ Brown JM (1887). Shikar sketches. Hurst and Blackett. pp. 33–34. ^ Frost, John (1854). The Pictorial Family Encyclopaedia of History, Biography and Travels. Miller Orton and Mulligan. pp. 95–96. ^ Sykes WH (1832). "Catalogue of Birds of the Rasorial, Grallatorial and Natatorial Orders, observed in the Dukhun". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (Part 2): 149–172. ^ Jerdon TC (1864). The birds of India. 3. George Wyman & Co. pp. 607–611. ^ Oates EW (1898). A manual of the game birds of India. Part 1. A J Combridge & Co. pp. 399–404. ^ Simcox, AHA (1913). "The Great Indian Bustard Eupodotis edwardsi". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 22 (1): 201. ^ Elliot, W. (1880). "Notes on the Indian Bustard (Eupodotis edwardsi), with especial reference to its gular pouch". Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.: 486–489. ^ Ali, S (1961). "Our national bird". Newsletter for Birdwatchers. 1 (4): 3–4. ^ Ali, Salim (1962). "National bird". Newsletter for Birdwatchers. 1 (6): 4. ^ Bindra, PS (2009). "On the brink". Tehelka Magazine. 6 (16). ^ Nair, P Thankappan (1974). "The Peacock Cult in Asia" (PDF). Asian Folklore Studies. 33 (2): 93–170. doi:10.2307/1177550. JSTOR 1177550. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-05. Retrieved 2010-02-20. Other sourcesEdit Bhushan, B. (1985) The food and feeding behaviour of the Great Indian Bustard Choriotis nigriceps (Vigors). Class Aves: Otididae. M.Sc. dissertation. University of Bombay, Bombay. Dharmakumarsinhji RS (1957) Ecological study of the Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps( Vigors)[ Aves : Otididae] in Kathiawar Peninsula, western India. J. Zool. Soc. India 9:139-52. Dharmakumarsinhji, RS (1962) Display, posturing and behaviour of the Great Indian Bustard Choriotis nigriceps (Vigors). Proc. 2nd All-India Congress. Zoology. Part 2:277-283 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ardeotis nigriceps. Wikispecies has information related to Ardeotis nigriceps Videos and photographs Arkive - images and movies BirdLife Species Factsheet Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Indian_bustard&oldid=901275955"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line724
__label__wiki	0.782043	0.782043	Hypacrosaurus Hypacrosaurus (meaning "near the highest lizard" [Greek υπο-, hypo- = less + ακρος, akros, high], because it was almost but not quite as large as Tyrannosaurus)[1][2] was a genus of duckbill dinosaur similar in appearance to Corythosaurus. Like Corythosaurus, it had a tall, hollow rounded crest, although not as large and straight. It is known from the remains of two species that spanned 75 to 67 million years ago,[3] in the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada, and Montana, United States, and is the latest hollow-crested duckbill known from good remains in North America. It was an obscure genus until the discovery in the 1990s of nests, eggs, and hatchlings belonging to H. stebingeri. Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 75–67 Ma PreЄ H. altispinus fossil at the Royal Tyrrell Museum Clade: Dinosauria Order: †Ornithischia Suborder: †Ornithopoda Family: †Hadrosauridae Tribe: †Lambeosaurini Genus: †Hypacrosaurus Brown, 1913 †Hypacrosaurus altispinus †H. altispinus †H. stebingeri Horner & Currie, 1994 Cheneosaurus Lambe, 1917 Life restoration of H. altispinus Hypacrosaurus is most easily distinguished from other hollow-crested duckbills (lambeosaurines) by its tall neural spines and the form of its crest. The neural spines, which project from the top of the vertebrae, are 5 to 7 times the height of the body of their respective vertebrae in the back,[4] which would have given it a tall back in profile. The skull's hollow crest is like that of Corythosaurus, but is more pointed along its top, not as tall, wider side to side, and has a small bony point at the rear.[4] Unlike other lambeosaurines, the passages for the airways do not form an S-curve in the crest (at least not in H. altispinus).[5] The animal is estimated to have been around 9.1 meters (30 feet) long,[4] and to have weighed up to 4.0 tonnes (4.4 tons).[6] As with most duckbills, its skeleton is otherwise not particularly remarkable, although some pelvic details are distinctive.[7] Like other duckbills, it was a bipedal/quadrupedal herbivore. The two known species, H. altispinus and H. stebingeri, are not differentiated in the typical method, of unique characteristics, as H. stebingeri was described as transitional between the earlier Lambeosaurus and later Hypacrosaurus.[8] Photographs of an adult H. stebingeri skull show an animal that looks very similar to H. altispinus. Discovery and historyEdit H. altispinus skull and neck The type remains of Hypacrosaurus remains were collected in 1910 by Barnum Brown for the American Museum of Natural History.[7] The remains, a partial postcranial skeleton consisting of several vertebrae and a partial pelvis (AMNH 5204), came from along the Red Deer River near Tolman Ferry, Alberta, Canada, from rocks of what is now known as the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (early Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous). Brown described these remains, in combination with other postcranial bones, in 1913 as a new genus that he considered to be like Saurolophus.[1] No skull was known at this time, but two skulls were soon discovered and described.[9] During this period, the remains of small hollow-crested duckbills were described as their own genera and species. The first of these that figure into the history of Hypacrosaurus was Cheneosaurus tolmanensis, based on a skull and assorted limb bones, vertebrae, and pelvic bones from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation.[10] Not long after, Richard Swann Lull and Nelda Wright identified an American Museum of Natural History skeleton (AMNH 5461) from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana as a specimen of Procheneosaurus.[11] These and other taxa were accepted as valid genera until the 1970s, when Peter Dodson showed that it was more likely that the "cheneosaurs" were the juveniles of other established lambeosaurines. Although he was mostly concerned with the earlier, Dinosaur Park Formation genera Corythosaurus and Lambeosaurus, he suggested that Cheneosaurus would turn out to be composed of juvenile individuals of the contemporaneous Hypacrosaurus altispinus.[12] This idea has become accepted,[6] although not formally tested. The Two Medicine Procheneosaurus, meanwhile, was not quite like the other Procheneosaurus specimens studied by Dodson, and for good reason: it was much more like a species that would not be named until 1994, H. stebingeri.[8] SpeciesEdit H. stebingeri holotype skull H. altispinus, the type species, is known from 5 to 10 articulated skulls with some associated skeletal remains, from juvenile to adult individuals found in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation. H. stebingeri is known from an unknown but substantial number of individuals, with an age range of embryos to adults.[6] The hypothesis that H. altispinus and H. stebingeri form a natural group excluding other known hadrosaur species may be incorrect, as noted in Suzuki et al.'s 2004 redescription of Nipponosaurus; their phylogenetic analysis found that Nipposaurus was more closely related to H. altispinus than H. stebingeri was to H. altispinus.[13] This was rejected by Evans and Reisz (2007), though.[14] The new species Hypacrosaurus stebingeri was named for a variety of remains, including hatchlings with associated eggs and nests, found near the top of the late Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Two Medicine Formation in Glacier County, Montana, and across the border in Alberta. These represent "the largest collection of baby skeletal material of any single species of hadrosaur known".[8] Hypacrosaurus was a lambeosaurine hadrosaurid, and has been recognized as such since the description of its skull.[9] Within the Lambeosaurinae, it is closest to Lambeosaurus and Corythosaurus,[6] with Jack Horner and Phil Currie (1994) suggesting that H. stebingeri is transitional between Lambeosaurus and H. altispinus,[8] and Michael K. Brett-Surman (1989) suggesting that Hypacrosaurus and Corythosaurus are the same genus.[15] These genera, particularly Corythosaurus and Hypacrosaurus, are regarded as the "helmeted" or "hooded" branch of the lambeosaurines, and the clade they form is sometimes informally designated Lambeosaurini. Although Suzuki et al.'s 2004 redescription of Nipponosaurus found a close relationship between Nipponosaurus and Hypacrosaurus stebingeri, indicating that Hypacrosaurus may be paraphyletic,[13] this was rejected in a later, more comprehensive reanalysis of lambeosaurines, which found the two species of Hypacrosaurus to form a clade without Nipponosaurus, with Corythosaurus and Olorotitan being the closest relatives.[14] Size comparison between the two species and a human The following cladogram illustrating the relationships of Hypacrosaurus and its close relatives was recovered in a 2012 phylogenetic analysis by Albert Prieto-Márquez, Luis M. Chiappe and Shantanu H. Joshi.[16] Lambeosaurini Magnapaulia Velafrons Lambeosaurus lambei Lambeosaurus magnicristatus Corythosaurus casuarius Corythosaurus intermedius "Hypacrosaurus" stebingeri Hypacrosaurus altispinus Olorotitan PaleobiologyEdit H. stebingeri nest As a hadrosaurid, Hypacrosaurus would have been a bipedal/quadrupedal herbivore, eating a variety of plants. Its skull permitted a grinding motion analogous to chewing, and its teeth were continually replacing and packed into dental batteries that contained hundreds of teeth, only a relative handful of which were in use at any time. Plant material would have been cropped by its broad beak, and held in the jaws by a cheek-like organ. Its feeding range would have extended from the ground to about 4 m (13 ft) above.[6] Nests and growthEdit Juvenile H. altispinus, American Museum of Natural History. Hypacrosaurus stebingeri laid roughly spherical eggs of 20 by 18.5 cm (7.9 by 7.3 in), with embryos 60 cm (24 in) long. Hatchlings were around 1.7 m (5.6 ft) long. Studies of lines of growth (i.e. lines of von Ebner) in the teeth of embryonic H. stebingeri suggests plesiomorphically long incubation times, with a minimum incubation time of 171.4 days for H. stebingeri.[17] Young and embryonic individuals had deep skulls with only slight expansion in the bones that would one day form the crest.[8] Growth was faster than that of an alligator and comparable to ratite growth, for several years, based on the amount of bone growth seen between lines of arrested growth (analogous to growth rings in trees).[18] Research by Lisa Cooper and colleagues on H. stebingeri indicates that this animal may have reached reproductive maturity at the age of 2 to 3 years, and reached full size at about 10 to 12 years old. The circumference of the thigh bone at postulated reproductive maturity was about 40% that of its circumference at full size. The postulated growth rate of H. stebingeri outpaces those of tyrannosaurids (predators of hypacrosaurs) such as Albertosaurus and Tyrannosaurus; rapidly growing hypacrosaurs would have had a better chance to reach a size large enough to be of defensive value, and beginning reproduction at an early age would also have been advantageous to a prey animal.[19] Secondary cartilage has been found in the skull of a hatchling specimen of H. stebingeri.[20] Crest functionsEdit H. altispinus skull, AMNH The hollow crest of Hypacrosaurus most likely had social functions, such as a visual signal allowing individuals to identify sex or species, and providing a resonating chamber for making noises.[6] The crest and its associated nasal passages have also figured in the debate about dinosaur endothermy, specifically in discussions about nasal turbinates. Turbinates are thin bones or cartilages that come in two types, with two functions. Nasal olfactory turbinates are found in all living tetrapods and function in smell. Respiratory turbinates function to prevent water loss through evaporation and are found only in birds and mammals, modern endotherms (warm-blooded animals) who could lose a great deal of water while breathing because they breathe more often than comparably sized ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) to support their higher metabolism.[21] Ruben and others in 1996 concluded that respiratory turbinates were probably not present in Nanotyrannus, Ornithomimus or Hypacrosaurus based on CT scanning, thus there was no evidence that those animals were warm-blooded.[22] PaleopathologyEdit The discovery of tooth marks in the fibula of a Hypacrosaurus specimen inflicted by a bite from the teeth of a tyrannosaurid indicated that this, and other hadrosaurids were either preyed upon or scavenged by large theropod dinosaurs during the Late Cretaceous period. ThermoregulationEdit Examining the oxygen-isotope ratio from the bones from different parts of an extinct animal's body should indicate which thermoregulation mode an animal used during its lifetime. An endothermic (warm-blooded) animal should maintain a very similar body temperature throughout its entire body (which is called homeothermy) and therefore there should be little variation in the oxygen-isotope ratio when measured in different bones. Alternatively, the oxygen-isotope ratio differs considerably when measured throughout the body of an organism with an ectothermic (cold-blooded) physiology.[23] Oxygen-isotope ratios calculated for Hypacrosaurus suggesting that the ratios varied little, indicating that Hypacrosaurus was a homeotherm, and likely was endothermic.[24] This is in contrast to the Ruben et al. (1996) finding that Hypacrosaurus was not warm-blooded, which was based on the absence of nasal turbinates (see Crest functions subsection, above). TaphonomyEdit Taphonomy is the study of the processes an organism’s body undergoes after it dies, which includes a study of preservation, the cause of death, and the circumstances of burial. The large, monospecific assemblage of Hypacrosaurus stebingeri in Montana was interpreted as a group of dinosaurs that was killed by a volcanic ashfall.[23] This assemblage is considered autochthonous, meaning that the remains are thought to have been buried on or near the same spot where the individuals died. The variety of ages in this group supports that this was a biocoenosis- an actual life assemblage of animals.[25] The cause of death in a volcanic ashfall is suffocation by the ash and by the gases released from volcanic eruptions. The preservation of this diverse group of dinosaurs provides researchers with a growth series, which is a sequence of growth stages from juvenile to adult. PaleoecologyEdit Hypacrosaurus sp. skeleton exhibited in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan. H. altispinus shared the Horseshoe Canyon Formation with fellow hadrosaurids Edmontosaurus and Saurolophus, hypsilophodont Parksosaurus, ankylosaurid Anodontosaurus, nodosaurid Edmontonia, horned dinosaurs Montanoceratops, Anchiceratops, Arrhinoceratops, and Pachyrhinosaurus, pachycephalosaurid Stegoceras, ostrich-mimics Ornithomimus and Struthiomimus, a variety of poorly known small theropods including troodontids and dromaeosaurids, and the tyrannosaurs Albertosaurus and Daspletosaurus.[26] The dinosaurs from this formation are sometimes known as Edmontonian, after a land mammal age, and are distinct from those in the formations above and below.[27] The Horseshoe Canyon Formation is interpreted as having a significant marine influence, due to an encroaching Western Interior Seaway, the shallow sea that covered the midsection of North America through much of the Cretaceous.[27] H. altispinus may have preferred to stay more landward.[6] The slightly older Two Medicine Formation, home to H. stebingeri, was also populated by another well-known nesting hadrosaur, Maiasaura, as well as the troodontid Troodon, which is also known from nesting traces. The tyrannosaurid Daspletosaurus, caenagnathid Chirostenotes, dromaeosaurids Bambiraptor and Saurornitholestes, armored dinosaurs Edmontonia, Oohkotokia, and Scolosaurus, hypsilophodont Orodromeus, hadrosaur Prosaurolophus, and horned dinosaurs Achelousaurus, Brachyceratops, Einiosaurus, and Rubeosaurus were also present.[26] This formation was more distant from the Western Interior Seaway, higher and drier, with a more terrestrial influence.[28] Dinosaurs portal Timeline of hadrosaur research ^ a b Brown, Barnum (1913). "A new trachodont dinosaur, Hypacrosaurus, from the Edmonton Cretaceous of Alberta". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 32 (20): 395–406. Retrieved 2007-05-02. ^ Creisler, Benjamin S. (2007). "Deciphering duckbills". In Carpenter Kenneth (ed.). Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. pp. 185–210. ISBN 0-253-34817-X. ^ Arbour, V.M.; Burns, M. E.; Sissons, R. L. (2009). "A redescription of the ankylosaurid dinosaur Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus Parks, 1924 (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) and a revision of the genus". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (4): 1117–1135. doi:10.1671/039.029.0405. ^ a b c Lull, Richard Swann; Wright, Nelda E. (1942). Hadrosaurian Dinosaurs of North America. Geological Society of America Special Paper 40. Geological Society of America. pp. 206–208. ^ Weishampel, David B. (1981). "The nasal cavity of lambeosaurine hadrosaurids (Reptilia:Ornithischia): comparative anatomy and homologies". Journal of Paleontology. 55 (5): 1046–1057. ^ a b c d e f g Horner, John R.; Weishampel, David B.; Forster, Catherine A (2004). "Hadrosauridae". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska Halszka (eds.). The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 438–463. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. ^ a b Glut, Donald F. (1997). "Hypacrosaurus". Dinosaurs: The Encyclopedia. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. pp. 478–482. ISBN 0-89950-917-7. ^ a b c d e Horner, John R.; Currie, Phillip J. (1994). "Embryonic and neonatal morphology and ontogeny of a new species of Hypacrosaurus (Ornithischia, Lambeosauridae) from Montana and Alberta". In Carpenter, Kenneth; Hirsch, Karl F.; Horner John R. (eds.). Dinosaur Eggs and Babies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 312–336. ISBN 0-521-56723-8. ^ a b Gilmore, Charles Whitney (1924). "On the genus Stephanosaurus, with a description of the type specimen of Lambeosaurus lambei, Parks". Canada Department of Mines Geological Survey Bulletin (Geological Series). 38 (43): 29–48. ^ Lambe, Lawrence M. (1917). "On Cheneosaurus tolmanensis, a new genus and species of trachodont dinosaur from the Edmonton Cretaceous of Alberta". The Ottawa Naturalist. 30 (10): 117–123. ^ Matthew, William Diller (1920). "Canadian dinosaurs". Natural History. 20 (5): 1–162. ^ Dodson, Peter (1975). "Taxonomic implications of relative growth in lambeosaurine dinosaurs". Systematic Zoology. 24 (1): 37–54. doi:10.2307/2412696. JSTOR 2412696. ^ a b Suzuki, Daisuke; Weishampel, David B.; Minoura, Nachio (2004). "Nipponosaurus sachaliensis (Dinosauria; Ornithopoda): anatomy and systematic position within Hadrosauridae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (1): 145–164. doi:10.1671/A1034-11. ^ a b Evans, David C.; Reisz, Robert R. (2007). "Anatomy and relationships of Lambeosaurus magnicristatus, a crested hadrosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia) from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (2): 373–393. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[373:AAROLM]2.0.CO;2. ^ Brett-Surman, Michael K. (1989). A revision of the Hadrosauridae (Reptilia:Ornithischia) and their evolution during the Campanian and Maastrichtian. Ph.D. dissertation. Washington, D.C.: Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University. pp. 1–272. ^ Prieto-Márquez, A.; Chiappe, L. M.; Joshi, S. H. (2012). Dodson, Peter (ed.). "The lambeosaurine dinosaur Magnapaulia laticaudus from the Late Cretaceous of Baja California, Northwestern Mexico". PLoS ONE. 7 (6): e38207. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038207. PMC 3373519. PMID 22719869. ^ Erickson, G.M.; Zelenitsky, D.K.; Kay, D.I.; Norrell, M.A. (2017). "Dinosaur incubation periods directly determined from growth-line counts in embryonic teeth show reptilian-grade development" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.1613716114. PMC 5255600. ^ Cooper, Lisa N.; Horner, John R. (1999). "Growth rate of Hypacrosaurus stebingeri as hypothesized from lines of arrested growth and whole femur circumference". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 19 (3, Suppl.): 35A. doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011202. ^ Cooper, Lisa N.; Lee, Andrew H.; Taper, Mark L.; Horner, John R. (2008). "Relative growth rates of predator and prey dinosaurs reflect effects of predation". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 275 (1651): 2609–2615. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0912. PMC 2605812. PMID 18682367. ^ Bailleul, A. M.; Hall, B. K.; Horner, J. R. (2012). Dodson, Peter (ed.). "First Evidence of Dinosaurian Secondary Cartilage in the Post-Hatching Skull of Hypacrosaurus stebingeri (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)". PLoS ONE. 7 (4): e36112. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036112. PMC 3340333. PMID 22558351. ^ Chinsamy, Anusuya; and Hillenius, Willem J. (2004). "Physiology of nonavian dinosaurs". The Dinosauria, 2nd. 643-659. ^ Ruben, J. A.; Hillenius, W.J.; Geist, N.R.; Leitch, A.; Jones, T.D.; Currie, P.J.; Horner, J.R.; Espe, G., III (August 1996). "The metabolic status of some Late Cretaceous dinosaurs". Science. 273 (5279): 1204–1207. doi:10.1126/science.273.5279.1204. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) ^ a b Martin, A.J. (2006). Introduction to the Study of Dinosaurs. Second Edition. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing. 560 pp. ISBN 1-4051-3413-5. ^ Barrick, R. E., Showers, W. J. and Fischer, A. G. 1996. Comparison of thermoregulation of four ornithischian dinosaurs and a varanid lizard from the Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation: Evidence from oxygen isotopes. Palaios 11: 295–305. ^ Behrensmeyer, A. K. 1991. Terrestrial vertebrate accumulations. In Allison P. A. and Briggs D. E. G. (Eds), Taphonomy: Releasing the Data Locked in the Fossil Record. New York: Plenum Press. ^ a b Weishampel, David B.; Barrett, Paul M.; Coria, Rodolfo A.; Le Loueff, Jean; Xu Xing; Zhao Xijin; Sahni, Ashok; Gomani, Elizabeth M.P.; Noto, Christopher N. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska Halszka (eds.). The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 517–606. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. ^ a b Dodson, Peter (1996). The Horned Dinosaurs: A Natural History. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 14–15. ISBN 0-691-05900-4. ^ Rogers, Raymond R. (1990). "Taphonomy of three dinosaur bone beds in the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of northwestern Montana: evidence for drought-related mortality". PALAIOS. 5 (5): 394–413. doi:10.2307/3514834. JSTOR 3514834. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hypacrosaurus. Hypacrosaurus, from the Canadian Museum of Nature Hypacrosaurus in The Natural History Museum's Dino Directory Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypacrosaurus&oldid=899063878"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line725
__label__wiki	0.947685	0.947685	Lennart Bergelin Sven Lennart Bergelin (10 June 1925, Alingsås – 4 November 2008, Stockholm) was a Swedish tennis player and coach. As a player, for AIK, Bergelin won nine Swedish championship singles titles between 1945 and 1955, and the French Open doubles title in 1948. Bergelin is best known for his work with Björn Borg, whom he trained between 1971 and 1983, helping him to win 11 Grand Slam tournaments. Bergelin also captained Sweden to its first Davis Cup title.[4] Bergelin in 1950 Country (sports) Alingsås, Sweden 4 November 2008(2008-11-04) (aged 83) 1946 (amateur tour) 1955 (played sporadically afterwards) 212-94, (69.3%) [1] Career titles Highest ranking No. 9 (1948, John Olliff)[3] Grand Slam Singles results QF (1955) QF (1948, 1951) QF (1946, 1948, 1951) Grand Slam Doubles results W (1948) Tennis careerEdit During a ten-year period, between 1946 and 1955, Bergelin was ranked among the top 10 amateur players in the world, reaching World No. 9 in John Olliff's 1948 amateur rankings.[3] He won 20 national championships (9 singles and 11 doubles) and became the first Swedish player ever to win a grand slam, as he and Jaroslav Drobný won the French doubles championship in 1948. Bergelin played 89 Davis Cup matches representing Sweden and won 63 of these. He played the last DC game, at the age of 40, together with Jan-Erik Lundqvist. Between 1971 and 1976, Bergelin captained the Swedish DC team and in 1975 he led them to victory as they defeated Czechoslovakia in the finals. Bergelin was awarded the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal in 1950. Coaching careerEdit Between 1974 and 1981, he and Björn Borg won 11 Grand Slam titles (6 French Open and 5 Wimbledon) of 16 Grand Slam finals became the first player-coach combination who won more than 10 major titles in the Open-era. During this period helped Borg become the first player in the Open Era to win three majors without dropping a set. Borg remains the only male player to win the Channel-Slam (French Open, Wimbledon back-to-back wins) in the same year for 3 consecutive years. Furthermore, as of today, his protege still holds a number of records; winning 41 consecutive sets at French Open (1979-1981) and being undefeated for 41 consecutive matches in Wimbledon (1976-1981). Peter Bengtsson, a spokesman for the Swedish Tennis Association, said Bergelin died from heart failure at a Stockholm hospital. ^ Archives, Tennis. "Lennart Bergelin: Results". www.tennisarchives.com. Tennis Archives. Retrieved 22 October 2017. ^ a b United States Lawn Tennis Association (1972). Official Encyclopedia of Tennis (First Edition), p. 426. ^ Lennart Bergelin, Bjorn Borg's coach, dies at 83, International Herald Tribune, 4 November 2008. Björn Borg Fansite Gert Fredriksson Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Bergelin&oldid=886014089" Last edited on 3 March 2019, at 19:48	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line729
__label__wiki	0.682512	0.682512	This article is written like a travel guide rather than an encyclopedic description of the subject. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. If a travel guide is intended, use of Wikivoyage is strongly suggested. (April 2019) Find sources: "Torremolinos" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Torremolinos (Spanish pronunciation: [toremoˈlinos]) is a municipality in Andalusia, southern Spain, west of Málaga. A poor fishing village before the growth in tourism began in the late 1950s, Torremolinos was the first of the Costa del Sol resorts to be developed and is still the most popular in the region. Location of Torremolinos Show map of Andalusia Torremolinos (Spain) Show map of Spain Coordinates: 36°37′18.43″N 4°30′0.98″W / 36.6217861°N 4.5002722°W / 36.6217861; -4.5002722Coordinates: 36°37′18.43″N 4°30′0.98″W / 36.6217861°N 4.5002722°W / 36.6217861; -4.5002722 José Ortiz García 20 km2 (8 sq mi) Torremolinenses www.torremolinos.es On the western shore of the Bay of Málaga and in front of the Sierra de Mijas 13 km from Málaga, it is served by the A-7 motorway, which bypasses the city to the north, the Cercanías commuter train and Avanzabus. In 2013, it had 69,389 inhabitants, making it the sixth largest city in the province. The township has an area of 20 km2 and a population density of 3153.85 inhabitants/km2, which is multiplied during the summer months. It is particularly popular with British, Irish and Scandinavian tourists and has a large British expatriate population. Areas of the town are spotted with older high-rise residential buildings and hotels but height limits on new developments and a significant number of original old town properties have kept the town centre much more open than other popular resorts such as Benidorm and Fuengirola. As the name Coast of the Sun implies, Torremolinos enjoys one of the best climates in Europe. It has long dry summers with relatively low humidity, and mild winters with occasional, though heavy, rainfall. The town benefits in the summer from cool sea breezes predominately coming from Africa although this does mean a fair amount of Sahara dust. Temperatures normally hover around 30 °C in the summer and the upper teens in the winter. Torremolinos, like San Francisco, sometimes experiences a sea fog that goes as quickly as it appears. The beach which extends for nearly 8 kilometres, has cycle and skating lanes alongside the fully illuminated promenade and features many chiringuitos and beach bars. The eastern end of the beach, known as Los Alamos, has live dance music events throughout the summer. The easternmost parts of the beach have kite surfing and windsurfing except under the flight path of the airport. There are two separate beach lifts, a wheelchair accessible footpath and steps from the town centre to the beach. Though there are many parking spaces on the beach road, it is almost impossible to park in the summer months. The town centre does have many underground car parks however. In addition to its tourism sector, Torremolinos is known locally for its vibrant and liberal nightlife, particularly its numerous bars and clubs catering to the LGBT community.[2] Torremolinos hosted World Pride in 2017 in conjunction with Madrid and holds its own Pride in June, now the third largest in Spain. In addition Torremolinos hosts MadBear which caters to bears, Delice Dream, Wonder Beach and the Los Alamos Beach Music Festival. Map of Torremolinos from 1889 Torremolinos in January 1960 Sculpture in Parque de la Batería Stone bench in Torremolinos Archaeological finds including human bones, tools, and pottery prove that the Torremolinos area was settled as early as the Neolithic Age. Some remnants are neanderthalians and dated 150,000 years old by radiocarbon dating.[3] According to the Egyptian Greek geographer Ptolemy, the Phoenicians had founded here a colony named Saduce, but the Romans are the most likely to have founded the current town, as shown by findings of edifices and a necropolis (from whose size it has been deduced that the settlement had around 2,000 inhabitants[4]). They also built the road joining Cadiz with Málaga, passing through Torremolinos. With the Moorish conquest of Spain, the mills, from which the town takes its name (meaning "Tower of the Mills"), were introduced. However, at the time the population was reduced; the tower was built by the Nasrid rulers of Granada starting from 1300. After the fall of Granada, the town remained subject to North African pirate attacks which lasted from the 18th century; during the War of Spanish Succession, the town was attacked by an Anglo-Dutch flotilla under the British admiral George Rooke and almost entirely destroyed. A document dated 1769 lists a town population of 106. The mills and the city were rebuilt in the early 20th century, but the mill industry started to decline in the 1920s. It was largely replaced by an increasing tourist interest from 1928, particularly British visitors. Hotel Pez Espada opened in 1960. The first gay bar in Spain, Toni's Bar, was founded in Torremolinos in 1962. The Spanish regime reacted to the free lifestyle of the city with arrests of homosexuals and other repressions during the 1970s.[5][6] Torremolinos first appeared on the map of the Ensenada's Marques in 1748. The name comes from the words Torre (Tower) and Molino (Mill). Water mills covered all this area of which only one survives (Molino de Inca) and one tower which forms part of a restaurant. Historians believe that moulded stones discovered at beaches and mountains in Torremolinos indicate the existence of the village 150000 years ago. Further evidence of its pre-history are nine skulls, some bones, clay pots, axe heads and arrows, ornaments of necklaces and bracelets, a ring and some animal bones discovered in the excavations of the caves: cueva del Tesoro (treasure cave), cueva tapada (cover cave), cueva del encanto (charm cave), cueva del tejón (badger cave). The study of these items places them at the Neolithic in the Quaternary period, around 5.000 years before Christ at the period when man learned to cultivate, the land. It is estimated that the skeletons found at the caves and at the cape of Torremolinos were 1.5 or 1.6 meters tall (4’9 ft. or 5’2 ft.). Pre-RomanEdit According to Ptolemy, Phoenicians built the city of Saduce next to Torremolinos. The Romans constructed a road to connect Gades (Cádiz) with Malaca (Málaga). In the 1990s a Roman necropolis was discovered with 23 graves at the "San Luis build" at Cantabria's square, which confirm the existence of village with 2000 years old. Around 1300, the Muslim dynasty of the "Nazríes", which governed Málaga between the 13th and 15th centuries, built the defensive tower that can be seen at the end of San Miguel Street. The tower is 12 meters (39’37 ft.) tall and was built with earth. It is composed of two floors and watch windows to the sea and a terrace. Before French revolutionEdit After the Christians conquered the kingdom of Granada, Torremolinos was attacked by pirates until the 18th century. During the War of Spanish succession, an Anglo-Dutch fleet, commanded by the British Admiral George Rooke, looted and burned the houses and mills and destroyed all of Torremolinos. A census of 1769 shows a population of 106 people. Modern ageEdit During the first half of the 19th century the town was rebuilt and by 1849 there were 14 mills, a fuller mill p Kraft paper and 785 inhabitants. With the demise of the mill, Torremolinos became a small fishing village until the end of the 1950s when it became one of the first tourist centres in the Costa del Sol. In the 1950s many celebrities visited Torremolinos such as Grace Kelly, Ava Gardner, Marlon Brando, Orson Welles and Frank Sinatra. The liberal and cosmopolitan makeup of the town continues today, where drag queens host the children's talent shows, and no one bats an eyelid at semi naked men strutting about at night in the Nogalera clubs and bars. In 1959, the Art Deco styled Pez Espada hotel was opened, the first luxury hotel along the coast. In the following years, new hotels, nightclubs and other tourist-aimed establishments changed the face of the town and its beaches. By 1965, Torremolinos was already consolidated as a major tourist destination. There are many boutique hotels and since the election of the current Mayor, over 20 million euros has been invested in hotel refurbishments. Room rates are now as high as 1000 euro per night. As the name implies, Coast of the Sun, Torremolinos enjoys one of the best climates in Europe. Long dry summers with relatively low humidity, and mild winters with occasional, though heavy, rainfall. The town benefits in the summer from cool sea breezes predominately coming from Africa although this does mean a fair amount of Sahara dust. Temperatures normally hover around 30 °C in the summer and the upper teens in the winter. Torremolinos like San Francisco, sometimes experiences a sea fog that goes as quickly as it appears. Climate data for Málaga Airport, Torremolinos, Spain (1981–2010), Extremes (1942-present) (2.7) 60 (0.8) 6 Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 6 5 4 5 3 1 0 1 2 4 6 7 42 181 180 222 244 292 329 347 316 255 215 172 160 2,905 Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[7] Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[8] Climate data for Málaga Airport, Torremolinos, Spain (1981–2010) Highest and lowest mean temperatures Mean maximum °C (°F) Mean minimum °C (°F) Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[9] Climate data for Málaga Average sea temperature °C (°F) Mean daily daylight hours 2 4 5 7 8 10 10 9 7 5 3 2 6 In Torremolinos over 300 restaurants serving every kind of food, from fast food to gourmet and representing all nationalities can be found. The famous beach Chiringuitos traditionally serve barbecued fish as well as typical Spanish cuisine. In the district of Carihuela, there are many upmarket restaurants catering to the Scandinavians and British who make up a large part of the population. Easily reachable by public transport or taxi are the very popular all you can eat Asiel buffet-style restaurants, one in Arroyo de la Miel, the other near Ikea. These serve everything imaginable from oysters to pizza for a fixed price. Fresh fish and meats are cooked to order. More choice exists at the Plaza Mayor complex including Foster's Hollywood American Ribs and Burgers. In the heart of Torremolinos two of the best restaurants are Antoxo and Matahambre. The main fast food outlets are the Good Burger and Telepizza as well as Burger King and McDonald's. Late night outlets are mainly kebab and pizza based. Because of the huge cave system and the resulting reserves of rain water, the tap water is generally safe to drink. There are also several free wells around the town where people can take their own bottles to fill with totally untreated spring water. LeisureEdit Torremolinos is home to largest water park on the Costa del Sol. Called Aqualand, it is open from May to October. Discount coupons are available at many outlets. Next door is the Crocodile Park, which is open year-round. Nearby is a large wooded area with public barbecue facilities and seating. Very popular with families, there are no restrictions on consuming alcohol. The botanical gardens "Molino de Inca", are located next to the municipal-run Garden centre which backs onto Aqualand. Here can be seen the original buildings and mills, as well as wildlife and water features. Many wedding photos are shot here. The local radio station is Radio Planeta on FM 92.8 and only plays dance music in English but with Spanish advertising. A free English paper, Sur in English, is printed every Friday. The Bull ring is no longer used for bullfighting and is instead used as a entertainment venue for events such as the Festival of Colors in which participants are covered in paint, specialised children's parties with bouncy castles, etc. and assorted dance and live music acts. Twice a week next to the Bullring, a public market is held. On Thursday morning it is primarily for clothing. On Sunday morning the range of goods on offer is much wider and includes genuine antiques, electronics, tools, plants, jewellery, shoes, jeans, perfumes, books, records, CDs, DVDs, and used household appliances. Unlike UK boot sales, the sales spots are jealously guarded and rarely become available. Most sellers offer a warranty as they are normally there each week. Torremolinos has several large municipal-owned venues including a conference, exhibition and convention centre, the Palacio de Congresos, the auditorium Prince of Asturias, and the Pablo Ruiz Picasso cultural centre. The Parque de la Batería is a large public park which includes a crystal clear blue boating lake, a children's playground, a cushioned running track, free exercise machines, an observation tower, several war time cannons and caverns as well as a wide variety of tropical plants. It is a few minutes on foot from the Montemar Alto train station and access is due to be made easier from Carihuela with the installation of a new lift in 2018. ShoppingEdit Torremolinos has some very early shopping centres, most of which are sparsely populated. The main tourist shops are on Calle San Miguel and the stairs down to the beach. British tourists and residents are able to buy English foods at Dealz which is known as Poundland in the UK. A Carrefour hypermarket is located in a large shopping mall on the A340 towards Benalmadena. Aside from a wide range of International Foods, it also sells electronics, white goods and bicycles. In the area of Plaza Mayor there is an Ikea and several other home furnishing and electrical superstores. Most of these stores offer low cost delivery services and free parking. Around town the principle supermarkets are Mercadona, Supersol, Aldi, Lidl and Dia. There are many Chinese stores selling almost everything that is made in China. In 2016, approval was finally given for a massive shopping and leisure complex to be built by the same company, Intu, that developed the Trafford Centre in Manchester on land next to Aqualand and the A7 motorway and primary ring roads. Costing in excess of 500 million euros, it will be the largest development of its type in the Mediterranean, incorporating a wave pool, indoor snow skiing, and electric go-karting. All major Spanish retailers will be present such as El Corte Ingles, Zara and Mango. Construction work began in November 2017 and is expected to be completed within 2 years. SportsEdit One of the best sports facilities in Europe, the Stadium "Ciudad de Torremolinos" eight-lane Mondo Sportrack athletics track, forms part of the Sport Village of Torremolinos and is located on the edge of the town. This complex was built in 1997 and has since been refurbished within the last year. Facilities also include a sports hall and an adjacent gymnasium with weight training equipment: free weights and machines. The infield is used for football so no hammer throwing is permitted but discus, javelin are allowed in the afternoon. There are several tennis, badminton and racket ball courts, as well as areas for skateboard and 5 a side football. There are 2 long jump/triple jump runways and 2 pole vault runways. The solar and gas heated outdoor Olympic pool and diving pool which are open all year around, were built in May 2011 and form part of the wet complex that hosts 2 indoor swimming pools, one with a wheelchair ramp and body lift to assist disabled swimmers. Swimmers can also use the steam room and a 30-man jacuzzi. There is a specialised water jet therapy pool. It is possible to use flippers and goggles in the full size pools. Pool 1 Outdoor, 50 metres x 8 lanes, 21.5 metres (2 metres deep) Pool 2 Indoor, 50 metres x 8 lanes, 21.5 metres (2 metres deep) Pool 3 Outdoor, fully equipped diving pool 25 metres x 12.5 metres Pool 4 Indoor 21 metres x 6 lanes (1 metre deep ) Membership costs about 35 euros a month for unlimited access to the gym and pools. All these facilities are controlled by the Municipal Council. Being a seaside town, there are the usual rentals available of bicycles, mopeds, electric scooters, surf boards, jets skis, parasailing, sailing, paddle, ski boats and snorkelling. Kite surfing is restricted to the Eastern most areas of the main beach and usually occurs in low season as in high season all the beaches are very crowded with sunbathers. There are yellow buoys marking the limits to which powered craft may come near the beach. Cycling is very popular and there are many mountain tracks for biking. Bikes can also go on the local trains. In the winter months, the ski resort of Sierra Nevada is less than 2 hours away. The coastal towns from Malaga through to Fuengirola are served by Cercanías commuter trains and the fares are divided by zone. One way, all zones normally costs under 5 euro. Málaga Airport is 10 minutes away by train, which runs every 20 minutes and costs less than 2 euro. It is the 4th busiest airport in Spain carrying over 16 million passengers annually. However, there is no public transport to and from the airport before 6 o'clock in the morning and past midnight. A taxi ride costs approximately 18 euros. Torremolinos is served by 5 rail stations, all of them wheelchair-friendly except the main station in the town centre square of La Nogalera, which has two exits, one entrance and only one up escalator. This can make travelling with suitcases inconvenient as stairs are involved. There have been several demonstrations over many years for this failing as there are many regulations ensuring the disabled have access to most buildings. The ticket machines accept credit cards as well as cash and have multiple languages. The first screen asks you single or return, the second screen asks if you have a discount card, then you choose your destination. Where there are no automatic barriers, you should validate your ticket in a machine which sets a time limit in motion for their use. The air conditioned and security patrolled trains have toilet facilities, have one wheelchair accessible carriage and take push bikes and prams. There are several Taxi stops, the main one being next to the Nogalera. The normal fare during the day within city limits is under 5 euro and about 6 euro minimum at night. The taxis are metered and most accept credit cards. In 2018, UberX was allowed to operate as well as Cabify. The main bus services cover the area along the coast but the local services operate on a circular route which can be very slow. Cost is under 1.50 euro. There are no paid parking zones in the streets of Torremolinos. Instead a voluntary system is operated to provide work for those less able. The fee is 1 euro at during working hours without time limit. You will not get a fine for not purchasing or displaying it. There are many underground parking facilities. The beach area is normally free off peak season. If you park illegally, your car will be towed and it costs over 100 euro to recover it. In popular cultureEdit In the Spanish comedy film Torrente, el brazo tonto de la ley the protagonist, after stealing a suitcase full of money and being taken into an ambulance, offers ambulance drivers cash to take him to Torremolinos rather than ER. Part of James A. Michener's 1971 novel The Drifters takes place in Torremolinos. Monty Python's Flying Circus had a sketch called "Travel Agent", which aired November 16, 1972, that makes a reference to Torremolinos in the context of visiting British package tourists. The Belgian band Sttellla wrote a song about Torremolinos (simply called "Torremolinos"), which is their biggest hit to date. Terrormolinos (a play on Torremolinos) is a text adventure game for various 1980s computer platforms. The end of the movie Torremolinos 73 was filmed in Torremolinos. Torremolinos 73 in the movie means the name of an adult movie shot in Torremolinos in 1973. The Soft Cell song "Memorabilia" mentions Torremolinos. German filmmaker Doris Dörrie's 2014 dramedy Alles inklusive partly takes place and was filmed on location in Torremolinos. Spanish 1960s Trio Los Zafiros released a single named 'Torremolinos ' written by Dorothy Squires who also performed the song. Famous residentsEdit Danny La Rue World-famous female impersonator. Damian Quintero Karate Champion of the World Alvin Karpis (1907–1979), Depression-era outlaw, lived his last years in Torremolinos after being released from jail by US authorities. Gustavo Thorlichen, photographer of the Peróns and Che Guevara. Nina Zhivanevskaya, bronze medal winner for Spain in 100 metre backstroke at the 2000 Summer Olympics. Brendan Sheerin, presenter (tour guide) on the British television reality show, Coach Trip.[10] ^ "Municipal Register of Spain 2018". National Statistics Institute. Retrieved 11 April 2019. ^ "Torremolinos History Facts and Timeline". world-guides.com. ^ "PLOS ONE". plosone.org. ^ Baldomero Navarro, Ana; Encarnación Serrano Ramos; Juan Antonio Martín Ruiz (1993). "Necrópilis romana del Castillo de San Luis". Baética: Estudios de arte, geografía e historia (15). ^ "Verano del 71: la gran redada contra el ambiente gay de Torremolinos". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 22 October 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2019. ^ Malaga, Alberto Gómez \| (11 May 2018). "The night the dictatorship put an end to gay life in Torremolinos". surinenglish.com. Retrieved 14 April 2019. ^ "Valores extremos. Málaga Aeropuerto". Aemet.es. Retrieved 1 July 2014. ^ "Valores Climatológicos Normales. Málaga / Aeropuerto". ^ "Highest and lowest means. Málaga Aeropuerto". Aemet.es. Retrieved 20 January 2018. ^ "Brendan Sheerin ('Coach Trip')" Digital Spy 9 February 2011 Retrieved 17 October 2011 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Torremolinos. Torremolinos travel guide from Wikivoyage Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torremolinos&oldid=894729316"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line730
__label__wiki	0.667545	0.667545	April May June July August September October November December Two Dead In Armed Attack in Iran's Sistan And Baluchestan Province Netanyahu Tells Putin Iran's Growing Syria Presence Threatens World Zarif Announces Iran-Saudi Mutual Diplomatic Visits IAEA Briefs U.S. Envoy On Iran Nuclear Deal The U.S. ambassador to the United Nations is set to meet with International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) officials for what she has described as a fact-finding mission as part of the U.S. administration's review of the 2015 nuclear deal with Iran. Israeli Leader To Raise Concern About Iran's Military In Syria With Putin Iran Denies Joint Operation Against Kurds With Turkey Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) has denied a claim by Turkey that the two countries were planning to conduct joint military operations against Kurdish rebel groups beyond the country’s borders. Amnesty Says Many Political Prisoners In Iran On Hunger Strike To Protest Conditions Amnesty International says more than a dozen political prisoners have gone on hunger strike in a prison in Karaj, northwest of the Iranian capital, Tehran, to protest the “cruel, inhuman, and degrading conditions” they have been forced to endure. U.S. Asks If U.N. Plans To Check Iran Nuclear Sites Pensioners Protest For More Benefits Scores of retired teachers and other government pensioners held a protest rally in front of majlis (Iran’s parliament) in Tehran, on Tuesday, August 22, the local media reported. Salehi Says Iran Could Resume Uranium Enrichment In Five Days Khamenei Appoints New Army Commander Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei promoted Brigadier General Abdulrahim Mousavi to the rank of major general and appointed him as the new chief of Iran’s army. Trump Says New Afghan Strategy Based On Conditions On Ground, Not 'Arbitrary' Timelines U.S. President Donald Trump says his new strategy in Afghanistan will not be based on "arbitrary timelines," but conditions on the ground.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line731
__label__wiki	0.920826	0.920826	Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service since 1 November 2014; 4 years ago (2014-11-01) Appointer Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Inaugural holder William Melville Intelligence Services Act 1994 http://www.sis.gov.uk The Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service serves as the head of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, also commonly known as MI6), which is part of the United Kingdom intelligence community. The Chief is appointed by the Foreign Secretary, to whom he directly reports. Annual reports are also made to the Prime Minister.[1] The chief of the Secret Intelligence Service typically signs letters with a "C" in green ink.[2] This originates from the initial used by Captain Sir Mansfield Smith-Cumming, RN, when he signed a letter "C" in green ink. Since then the chief has been known as 'C'. 2 List of Chiefs From 1782 until 1909, British intelligence at the government level was handled directly by the Foreign Office, with the Army and Navy also maintaining their own intelligence branches. By 1909, growing tensions with Germany led the Committee of Imperial Defence to recommend the creation of the Secret Service Bureau to provide organization and leadership to the intelligence-gathering process as well as a layer of insulation from espionage activities for the Foreign Office.[3] A 10 August 1909 letter from Alexander Bethell to then-Commander Mansfield Smith-Cumming offered him a "new billet": the opportunity to head the Foreign Section of the new Secret Service Bureau. Smith-Cumming was to begin in this role on 1 October 1909, but bureaucratic and funding obstacles delayed the start of his work. His first full day in this capacity was not until 7 October, and even then, he "went to the office and remained all day, but saw no one, nor was there anything to do there."[3][4] Smith-Cumming's tenure as chief established many of the traditions and trappings of the office. Among the best known of these, he signed documents with the initial "C" in green ink, a custom upheld throughout the history of the service.[5] One tradition that was not maintained was the selection of the Chief from the ranks of the Royal Navy. Although Smith-Cumming and Sinclair both had long Navy careers,[6] Army veteran Stewart Menzies was appointed over naval officer (and Churchill's preferred candidate) Gerard Muirhead-Gould.[7] Plans to rotate the selection of Chief among the various branches of military service were considered, but most subsequent Chiefs have been career intelligence officers.[6] Although the existence of the Secret Intelligence Service, much less its Chief, was not officially acknowledged until 1992,[8] the role's reality was an open secret for many years. In 1932, Compton MacKenzie was fined under the Official Secrets Act for elements of his book Greek Memories. Among these offences, according to Attorney General Sir Thomas Inskip was "reveal[ing] the mysterious consonant by which the Chief of the Secret Service is known." By 30 May 1968, however, The Times was willing to name Menzies as the "former Head of the Secret Intelligence Service" in his obituary.[7] A 1989 House of Commons debate listed a number of publications in which information about the Chief and his organization had been revealed.[9] The 1994 Intelligence Services Act established a statutory basis for the Secret Intelligence Service and the position of Chief. Since then, the office has had more public visibility, including a speech by John Sawers in 2010 described as the first of its kind.[10] The Chief remains the only member of the Secret Intelligence Service whose identity is made officially public.[1] A 2010 report revealed the Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service was receiving a salary of £169,999 at that time.[11] List of Chiefs[edit] Chiefs have been:[12] 1903–1909 : William Melville 1909–1923 : Captain Sir Mansfield Smith-Cumming, RN 1923–1939 : Admiral Sir Hugh Sinclair 1939–1952 : Major-General Sir Stewart Menzies 1953–1956 : Major-General Sir John Sinclair 1956–1968 : Sir Richard White 1968–1973 : Sir John Rennie 1973–1978 : Sir Maurice Oldfield 1979–1982 : Sir Arthur (Dickie) Franks 1982–1985 : Sir Colin Figures 1985–1989 : Sir Christopher Curwen 1989–1994 : Sir Colin McColl 1994–1999 : Sir David Spedding 1999–2004 : Sir Richard Dearlove 2004–2009 : Sir John Scarlett 2009–2014 : Sir John Sawers 2014–present: Alex Younger[13] ^ a b "The Chief". Secret Intelligence Service. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012. ^ Norton-Taylor, Richard (17 June 2009). "Every spy boss needs a cunning code letter ..." The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 8 December 2016. ^ a b Jeffery, Keith (21 September 2010). The Secret History of MI6. Penguin. ISBN 978-1594202742. ^ ""Bethell letter"". Secret Intelligence Service. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012. ^ Moore, Matthew. "MI6 boss Sir John Scarlett Still Signs Letters in Green Ink". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 19 June 2016. ^ a b "Previous chiefs". Secret Intelligence Service. Archived from the original on 17 November 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2012. ^ a b West, Nigel (26 October 2006). At Her Majesty's Secret Service: The Chiefs of Britain's Intelligence Agency, M16. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1591140092. ^ Whitehead, Jennifer (13 October 2005). "MI6 to boost recruitment prospects with launch of first website". Brand Republic News. Retrieved 10 July 2010. ^ "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 25 Jan 1989". Archived from the original on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2012. ^ "Sir John Sawers, head of MI6: Full speech". BBC News. 28 October 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2012. ^ "Quango chiefs' salaries revealed". BBC News. 2 July 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2012. ^ "British civil servants" (PDF). Retrieved 25 October 2014. ^ "MI6 officer Alex Younger named as new SIS chief". BBC News. 3 October 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2014. Director General of MI5 Director of the Government Communications Headquarters Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chief_of_the_Secret_Intelligence_Service&oldid=904088111" Chiefs of the Secret Intelligence Service	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line732
__label__wiki	0.958563	0.958563	Eddie Waring This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. (January 2011) Edward Marsden Waring, MBE (21 February 1910 – 28 October 1986) was a British rugby league football coach, commentator and television presenter. 2 Early career 3 Broadcasting style 4 Celebrity appearances 5 Decline and retirement Waring was born on 21 February 1910 in Dewsbury, West Riding of Yorkshire to Arthur Waring, an agent of the Refuge Assurance Company, and Florence Harriet Marsden.[1] Early career[edit] This section needs expansion with: Life before his career. You can help by adding to it. (January 2011) Waring was never a noted rugby league player; he was actually more proficient at football, once having had trials with Nottingham Forest and Barnsley.[2] He began work as a typewriter salesman in his home town of Dewsbury, but he swapped that career to use them instead, joining a local newspaper and reporting on rugby league matches. Alongside his fledgling journalism career he ran the local Dewsbury Boys Rugby League Club, renaming them the Black Knights (this foreshadowed how Super League clubs were branded some 60 years later). During the Second World War Waring managed Dewsbury RLFC as he was exempted from armed service with an ear condition. Recruiting men from a nearby military camp, he led the club to its second Challenge Cup victory in 1943 - the club's last ever success in the competition. Waring travelled on HMS Indomitable with the Great Britain national rugby league team on the first post-war tour of Australia. Returning home via the United States, he met Bob Hope, who alerted him to the success of televised sport. This is believed to have convinced him that television would be crucial for rugby league's long-term success. In the UK, he pushed this case harder with the BBC, having written to them as far back as 1931. After several rejections, he was given a chance as a broadcaster when the BBC began to cover the sport. Broadcasting style[edit] Waring's commentary polarised opinion over the next decades. For some viewers he would be "Uncle Eddie," the warm and friendly voice of the north, but others believed that his voice simply reinforced stereotypes.[3] During the 1960s, his eccentric mode of speech (rugby league was pronounced /rəɡˈbiː ˈliːɡɑː/), Hull Kingston Rovers (as "Hulking Stan Rovers") and his northern accent began to be widely impersonated, largely due to the impersonations by Mike Yarwood. Students formed the Eddie Waring Society in his honour. One of his most notable commentaries came in the 1968 Challenge Cup Final at Wembley, a rain-affected game in which he described Wakefield Trinity player Don Fox with the line "'eeh, the poor lad!" after he missed a last minute kick from in front of the posts against Leeds - the miss handed the cup to his opponents. Many of his lines became catchphrases in the game, including, "It's an up and under"[4] (a rugby tactic consisting of kicking the ball in a high arc, while the rest of the team rushes toward the landing point, hoping to gain possession and field position) and "He's goin' for an early bath"[3] (frequently heard during a game when a player was sent off the field for a serious foul). The Times in March 2006 published a list of 25 favourite sporting quotes and one of Waring's appeared there. Celebrity appearances[edit] Waring branched out, appearing as a presenter on the television series It's a Knockout, and as the UK's representative on the international umpiring team for the European version of the show, Jeux Sans Frontieres, where his striped blazer made him easy to spot. He also made guest appearances in the popular TV comedy programmes The Morecambe and Wise Show and The Goodies. Decline and retirement[edit] The split in opinion regarding his contribution to the game, plus illness, led to a decline in Waring's popularity. A petition was organised by some hardcore supporters asking the BBC to remove him from commentary as he was perceived to be portraying a poor image of the game and its northern roots.[5] The BBC however stuck with him as their main commentator, though in the late 1970s they also brought in former Great Britain halfback Alex Murphy to work alongside Waring. It was illness that affected him over the next few years and in some of his later commentaries it was clearly noticeable[to whom?] that he was beginning to struggle to identify players.[citation needed] He commentated on his last Challenge Cup Final in 1981. After his retirement, former dual rugby international Ray French became the BBC's chief rugby league commentator. Waring's overall health declined very quickly after his retirement from the commentary box. He was diagnosed with dementia and died at High Royds Hospital in Menston, West Yorkshire in 1986. ^ 1911 Census ^ Discovering the real Eddie Waring The Independent, 5 February 2008 ^ a b Dave Russell: Looking North: Northern England and the National Imagination p. 260 Manchester University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-7190-5178-9, ISBN 978-0-7190-5178-4 Google Books ^ Eric Partridge, Tom Dalzell, Terry Victor: The concise new Partridge dictionary of slang and unconventional , Routledge, 2007, ISBN 0-415-21259-6, ISBN 978-0-415-21259-5 p. 677 Google Books ^ Rugby league's TV 'visionary' Eddie Waring remembered BBC Bradford & West Yorkshire, 7 September 2010 The Times - Sport section 2 March 2006 Paul Fox: Waring, Edward Marsden [Eddie] Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; accessed 17 February 2008 In search of Eddie Waring: the voice of rugby league who divided its fans The Yorkshire Post, 6 September 2010 Eddie Waring on Rugby League by Eddie Waring (ISBN 0584103581) Rugby League: The Great Ones by Eddie Waring (ISBN 072070300X) Waring, Eddie (1981). Eddie Waring on Rugby League. F. Muller. ISBN 9780584103588. Hannan, Tony. Being Eddie Waring: The Life and Times of a Sporting Icon. ISBN 1845963008. Eddie Waring on IMDb Eddie Waring - the ups and unders BBC Inside Out Yorkshire & Lincolnshire, 7 March 2005 Discovering the real Eddie Waring The Independent, 5 February 2008 Biographies: Eddie Waring JFSnetUK Dewsbury squad – 1943–44 Championship Final runners-up 1 Jimmy Lowe 2 Barney Hudson 3 Robinson 4 Roy Francis 5 Alan Edwards 6 Vic Hey 7 Harry Royal 8 Harry Hammond 9 George Curran 10 Joe Gardiner 11 Kershaw 12 George Bunter 13 Charlie Seeling Jr. Coach: Eddie Waring The Dewsbury team from the first-leg 9-13 defeat by Wigan at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 13 May 1944 (italicised = did not play in the second-leg) 1 Jimmy Lowe (c) · 2 Barney Hudson · 3 Robinson · 4 Roy Francis · 5 Alan Edwards · 6 Vic Hey · 7 Tom Walsh · 8 Harry Hammond · 9 George Curran · 10 Joe Gardiner · 11 Kershaw · 12 George Bunter · 13 Jack Bradbury · Coach: Eddie Waring Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eddie_Waring&oldid=905477490" BBC sports presenters and reporters English rugby league coaches English rugby league commentators English sports broadcasters English television presenters Members of the Order of the British Empire Sportspeople from Dewsbury Wikipedia introduction cleanup from January 2011 All pages needing cleanup Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from January 2011 All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify Articles to be expanded from January 2011 Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2018	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line733
__label__wiki	0.503708	0.503708	History of Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh is located in north India and became 18th state of India. Find sources: "History of Himachal Pradesh" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Outline of South Asian history Palaeolithic (2,500,000–250,000 BC) Madrasian Culture Soanian Culture Neolithic (10,800–3300 BC) Bhirrana Culture (7570–6200 BC) Mehrgarh Culture (7000–3300 BC) Edakkal Culture (5000–3000 BC) Chalcolithic (3500–1500 BC) Anarta tradition (c. 3950–1900 BC) Ahar-Banas Culture (3000–1500 BC) Pandu Culture (1600–1500 BC) Malwa Culture (1600–1300 BC) Jorwe Culture (1400–700 BC) Bronze Age (3300–1300 BC) Indus Valley Civilisation (3300–1300 BC) – Early Harappan Culture (3300–2600 BC) – Mature Harappan Culture (2600–1900 BC) – Late Harappan Culture (1900–1300 BC) Vedic Civilisation (2000–500 BC) – Ochre Coloured Pottery culture (2000–1600 BC) – Swat culture (1600–500 BC) Iron Age (1500–200 BC) – Janapadas (1500–600 BC) – Black and Red ware culture (1300–1000 BC) – Painted Grey Ware culture (1200–600 BC) – Northern Black Polished Ware (700–200 BC) Pradyota Dynasty (799–684 BC) Haryanka Dynasty (684–424 BC) Three Crowned Kingdoms (c. 600 BC – AD 1600) Maha Janapadas (c. 600–300 BC) Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC) Ror Dynasty (450 BC – AD 489) Shaishunaga Dynasty (424–345 BC) Nanda Empire (380–321 BC) Macedonian Empire (330–323 BC) Maurya Empire (321–184 BC) Seleucid India (312–303 BC) Pandya Empire (c. 300 BC – AD 1345) Chera Kingdom (c. 300 BC – AD 1102) Chola Empire (c. 300 BC – AD 1279) Pallava Empire (c. 250 BC – AD 800) Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire (c. 250 BC – c. AD 500) Parthian Empire (247 BC – AD 224) Middle Kingdoms (230 BC – AD 1206) Satavahana Empire (230 BC – AD 220) Kuninda Kingdom (200 BC – AD 300) Mitra Dynasty (c. 150 – c. 50 BC) Shunga Empire (185–73 BC) Indo-Greek Kingdom (180 BC – AD 10) Kanva Empire (75–26 BC) Indo-Scythian Kingdom (50 BC – AD 400) Indo-Parthian Kingdom (AD 21 – c. 130) Western Satrap Empire (AD 35–405 ) Kushan Empire (AD 60–240) Bharshiva Dynasty (170–350) Nagas of Padmavati (210–340) Sasanian Empire (224–651) Indo-Sassanid Kingdom (230–360) Vakataka Empire (c. 250 – c. 500) Kalabhras Empire (c. 250 – c. 600) Gupta Empire (280–550) Kadamba Empire (345–525) Western Ganga Kingdom (350–1000) Kamarupa Kingdom (350–1100) Vishnukundina Empire (420–624) Maitraka Empire (475–767) Huna Kingdom (475–576) Rai Kingdom (489–632) Kabul Shahi Empire (c. 500 – 1026) Chalukya Empire (543–753) Maukhari Empire (c. 550 – c. 700) Harsha Empire (606–647) Tibetan Empire (618–841) Eastern Chalukya Kingdom (624–1075) Rashidun Caliphate (632–661) Gurjara-Pratihara Empire (650–1036) Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) Pala Empire (750–1174) Rashtrakuta Empire (753–982) Paramara Kingdom (800–1327) Yadava Empire (850–1334) Chaulukya Kingdom (942–1244) Western Chalukya Empire (973–1189) Lohara Kingdom (1003–1320) Hoysala Empire (1040–1347) Sena Empire (1070–1230) Eastern Ganga Empire (1078–1434) Kakatiya Kingdom (1083–1323) Zamorin Kingdom (1102–1766) Kalachuris of Tripuri (675-1210) Kalachuris of Kalyani (1156–1184) Chutiya Kingdom (1187–1673) Deva Kingdom (c. 1200 – c. 1300) Late medieval period (1206–1526) Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526) – Mamluk Sultanate (1206–1290) – Khalji Sultanate (1290–1320) – Tughlaq Sultanate (1320–1414) – Sayyid Sultanate (1414–1451) – Lodi Sultanate (1451–1526) Ahom Kingdom (1228–1826) Chitradurga Kingdom (1300–1779) Reddy Kingdom (1325–1448) Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646) Bengal Sultanate (1352–1576) Garhwal Kingdom (1358–1803) Mysore Kingdom (1399–1947) Gajapati Kingdom (1434–1541) Deccan Sultanates (1490–1596) – Ahmadnagar Sultanate (1490–1636) – Berar Sultanate (1490–1574) – Bidar Sultanate (1492–1619) – Bijapur Sultanate (1492–1686) – Golkonda Sultanate (1518–1687) Keladi Kingdom (1499–1763) Koch Kingdom (1515–1947) Early modern period (1526–1858) Mughal Empire (1526–1858) Sur Empire (1540–1556) Madurai Kingdom (1559–1736) Thanjavur Kingdom (1572–1918) Bengal Subah (1576–1757) Marava Kingdom (1600–1750) Thondaiman Kingdom (1650–1948) Maratha Empire (1674–1818) Sikh Confederacy (1707–1799) Travancore Kingdom (1729–1947) Sikh Empire (1799–1849) Colonial states (1510–1961) Portuguese India (1510–1961) Dutch India (1605–1825) Danish India (1620–1869) French India (1759–1954) Company Raj (1757–1858) British Raj (1858–1947) Periods of Sri Lanka Prehistory (Until 543 BC) Early kingdoms period (543 BC – 377 BC) Anuradhapura period (377 BC – AD 1017) Polonnaruwa period (1056–1232) Transitional period (1232–1505) Crisis of the Sixteenth Century (1505–1594) Kandyan period (1594–1815) British Ceylon (1815–1948) Contemporary Sri Lanka (1948–present) National histories Regional histories Specialised histories Indology Influence on Southeast Asia Partition of India Himachal Pradesh was established in 1948 as a Chief Commissioner's Province within the Union of India. The Himachal History The province comprised the hill districts around Shimla and southern hill areas of the former Punjab region. Himachal became a part C state on 26 January 1950 with the implementation of the Constitution of India. Himachal Pradesh became a Union Territory on 1 November 1956. On 18 December 1970 the State of Himachal Pradesh Act was passed by Parliament and the new state came into being on 25 January 1971. Thus Himachal emerged as the eighteenth state of the Indian Union. In earlier times, the area was variously divided among smaller kingdoms, such as those of Chamba, Bilaspur, Bhagal and Dhami. After the Gurkha War of 1815–1816, it became part of the British India. 1 Pre-Independence 1.1 Prehistory 1.2 Medieval history 1.3 British period 2 Post independence Pre-Independence[edit] Main articles: History of the Punjab and History of Kashmir Prehistory[edit] Some evidences have been found that nearly 2 million years ago man lived in the foothills of Himachal Pradesh. Bangana valley of Kangra, Sirsa valley of Nalagarh and Narkanda valley of Sirmour are found to be the places where prehistoric man used to live. The foothills of the state were inhabited by people from Indus valley civilization which flourished between the time period of 2250 and 1750 BC. Before indus valley civilization, Koli, Holi, Dooms and Chnnals used to live here. The famous war between the Arya King Devodas and Kirat's King Shambhar is mentioned in the Rigveda. King Shambhar had 99 forts in mid Himalayan region of modern Himachal. He had to lose the war which lasted for 40 years. Medieval history[edit] In about 883 AD Shankar Verma, the ruler of Kashmir exercised his influence over Himachal Pradesh. The region also witnessed the invasion of Mahmud Ghazni in 1009 AD, who during that period looted the wealth from the temples in the North India. In 1043 AD the Rajputs ruled over the territory. Sansar Chand (c. 1765–1823) In 1773 AD the Rajputs under Katoch Maharaja Sansar Chand-II possessed the region, until the attack by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1804 which crushed the Rajput power. The small kingdom enjoyed a large degree of independence till the eve of the Muslim invasions in northern India. The states of the foothills were devastated by Muslim invaders a number of times. Mahmud Ghaznavi conquered Kangra at the beginning of the 10th century. Timur and Sikander Lodi also marched through the lower hills of the state and captured a number of forts and fought many battles. The Gorkhas, a martial tribe came to power in Nepal in 1768. They consolidated their military power and began to expand their territory. The Gurkhas marched in from Nepal and captured the area.[1] Gradually the Gorkhas annexed Sirmour and Shimla. Under the leadership of Bada Kaji (equivalent to General) Amar Singh Thapa, Gorkhas laid siege to Kangra. They managed to defeat Sansar Chand, the ruler of Kangra, in 1806. However Gorkhas could not capture Kangra fort which came under Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1809. British period[edit] This led to the Anglo-Gorkha war. They came into direct conflict with the British along the tarai belt after which the British expelled them from the provinces of the Satluj. Thus British gradually emerged as the paramount powers. In early 19th century the British annexed the areas of Shimla after the Gurkha War of 1815–16. Himachal became a centrally administered territory in 1948 with the integration of 31 hill provinces and received additional regions in 1966.[1] The revolt of 1857 or the first Indian war of independence resulted due to the building up of political, social, economic, religious and military grievances against the British government. People of the hill states were not politically alive as the people in other parts of the country.[2] They remained more or less inactive and so did their rulers with the exception of Bushahr. Some of them even rendered help to the British government during the revolt. Among them were the rulers of Chamba, Bilaspur, Bhagal and Dhami. The rulers of Bushars rather acted in a manner hostile to the interests of British. The British territories in the hill came under British Crown after Queen Victoria's proclamation of 1858. The states of Chamba, Mandi and Bilaspur made good progress in many fields during the British rule. During World War I, virtually all rulers of the hill states remained loyal and contributed to the British war effort both in the form of men and materials. Amongst these were the states of Kangra, Nurpur, Chamba, Suket, Mandi and Bilaspur. Post independence[edit] After independence the Chief Commissioner's province of H.P. came into being on 15 April 1948. Himachal became a part C state on Sept. 1951 with the implementation of the Constitution of India. Himachal Pradesh became Union Territory on 1 November 1956. On 18 December 1970 the State of Himachal Pradesh Act was passed by Parliament and the new state came into being on 25 January 1971. Thus H.P. emerged as the eighteenth state of Indian Union. Under the name of Greater Nepal, some in Nepal have asked for the return of states previously usurped by Nepal that were annexed by the British East India Company. However, little support for this motion exists in these regions. ^ a b "History of Himachal Pradesh". Suni System (P) Ltd. Retrieved 28 April 2007. ^ "History of Himachal Pradesh". himachalpradeshindia.com. Archived from the original on 20 October 2006. Retrieved 26 October 2006. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Himachal_Pradesh&oldid=904198549" Use Indian English from August 2017 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Articles needing additional references from August 2014	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line734
__label__cc	0.643433	0.356567	From Congress to Congo: Turning the Tide on Conflict Minerals, Closing Loopholes, and Empowering Miners Enough Team August 6, 2012 No comments ← Reports Posted by Enough Team on August 6, 2012 Download the full PDF version \| Press Release The tide on conflict minerals is starting to turn but more must be done to close loopholes that still allow smuggling. The most recent outbreak of violence in eastern Congo, spawned by the Rwanda-backed M23 rebellion, has economic interests at its core, as the rebels and their patrons are resolved to preserve their access to Congolese land and natural resources, including minerals. However, this masks noteworthy progress that companies and governments have made over the past 18 months to significantly diminish the ability of armed groups to generate income from conflict minerals. An Enough Project investigation has found that the passage of the conflict minerals legislation within the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform law and new tech industry sourcing policies have helped lead to a 65 percent drop in armed groups’ profits from the trade in tin, tantalum, and tungsten—the “3 Ts”—over the past two years.1 In March 2012, prior to the M23 rebellion, this financial strain, coupled with military pressure from the Congolese army and United Nations, had diminished the Rwandan Hutu rebel group the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwawnda, or FDLR, to a quarter of its size of two years ago. However, with M23 now wreaking havoc in the region, gains made to demilitarize mines and eradicate armed groups such as the FDLR are at risk. Further, due to gaps in the implementation of the U.S. legislation—which continue to allow armed groups to smuggle 3 T minerals, in smaller amounts and gold in larger amounts—policymakers and industry leaders must redouble their efforts to close the loopholes through better monitoring. Otherwise, there is a risk that a river of smuggled conflict minerals could flow again to Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi, and on to global markets. The passage of the U.S. law is also sparking landmark reforms by the Congolese government and electronics companies to rapidly build up the architecture for a legitimate, conflict-free mineral trade in Congo and the region. These reforms are supported by a new price structure in which traced conflict-free minerals are sold at a 70 percent markup over untraced minerals. The reforms include: A new requirement from the Congolese government that all mineral exports are to be audited and traced to conflict-free mines. This policy was enforced by Congo’s suspension in May 2012 of two Chinese companies for conflict trading. The first shipments of conflict-free materials being exported from 501 traceable mines in the areas bordering the war-torn Kivu region of eastern Congo. Progress in armed groups pulling out of 3 T mines. The first-ever validation of mines to check for the presence of armed groups and child labor. The upcoming launch of a regional government initiative to regularly monitor mines for the presence of armed groups, with U.S. support. Additionally, according to interviews conducted with over more than 100 miners in North and South Kivu, most miners view the transformation to a clean trade free of armed groups as a process to liberate themselves from the slave-like conditions under which they have worked for years. At of the time of research, armed groups had decreased harassment of miners in most 3 T mines, and some gold mines, because of pressure from the Congolese army to demilitarize mining areas. Over the past year, many miners in the Kivus have also changed livelihood strategies. Many have moved to work in conflict-free mines in neighboring provinces or have taken up work in agriculture or small business enterprises; but, they need greater security and infusions of start-up capital to succeed. Nevertheless, as the M23 conflict prevents further responsible investment in the Kivus, some miners have seen their incomes decrease, which must be addressed with urgency. In the short term, instability may increase, and greater pressure on Rwanda, M23, and the Congolese government will be needed to increase stability. However, if the systemic changes are to stick, programs aimed at improving livelihoods, closing loopholes, and mining reform must move ahead. This will begin to allow communities in eastern Congo to be freed of militia control and experience the benefits of a clean minerals trade and a diversified economy. This report is based on interviews with 143 people in Congo and Rwanda from February to July 2012, including visits to five mining areas. The following recommendations are a result: Pressure Rwanda to stop support to M23. The U.S. and its international partners should demand Rwanda halt all support to the M23 rebellion, which represents a step backward in the fight against conflict minerals and armed violence. Rwanda should also cooperate in efforts to create peace in the region, as well as ensure accountability for the mutineers. The U.S. and U.K. should vote against the World Bank’s $135 million in general budget support for Rwanda and place Rwandan officials named in the U.N. Group of Experts report for supporting M23 under financial and travel sanctions. Speed up certification of conflict-free mines. The U.S. should ensure that the independent monitoring mechanism of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region, or ICGLR, is operational quickly and empowered to check on conflict minerals transactions able to sanction smugglers. A high-level U.S. official should chair a special session of the Public-Private Alliance on Responsible Minerals, or PPA, to harmonize traceability and audit initiatives to increase transparency, efficiency for businesses, and compliance with regional standards. Rwanda, or the tin industry traceability program, iTSCi, should publish the capacity of mines and their production data, proving whether exports are conflict-free. Increase conflict-free sourcing. Companies from the automotive, jewelry, and retail sectors should support Congolese conflict-free mining by joining the Public-Private Alliance and by beginning projects similar to the electronics industry’s Solutions for Hope project to partner with suppliers sourcing from conflict-free mines in Congo. Empower miners. The U.S., European Union, or E.U., the World Bank, and companies in the minerals supply chain should, as a matter of urgency, establish a miners’ empowerment fund to increase employment—especially in construction, microfinance, and agriculture. Increase mine security. The U.S. and E.U. should support a significant increase in the number of Congolese mining police. The following report examines the progress made by industry, government, and civil society working to reform the conflict minerals trade in eastern Congo, as well as the existing gaps and challenges they face. The first section focuses on progress and challenges regarding mine security, the development of a clean minerals trade, armed groups’ profits, traceability, and independent monitoring. The second section focuses on the perceptions of reform within mining communities in the Kivu provinces and the need for additional support for livelihoods and economic development.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line735
__label__wiki	0.556199	0.556199	Enterra Insights Insights on technology and business with a focus on big data analytics/insights, artificial intelligence, management, supply chain and innovation. - Stephen F. DeAngelis, Principal Author. Bradd C. Hayes, Editor. (Formerly known as Enterprise Resilience Management Blog) Innovation, Competition, and Standards Over the past couple of years that I have been writing this blog there have been a few recurring themes that have caught my interest; among them have been innovation and standardization. One would suspect that there is a built in tension between these two concepts. Innovation involves thinking outside the box while standardization, on the surface at least, seems to be trying to keep people in a box. The concepts are not as much as odds as one would first imagine. Think of innovation as a flight to a new location using GPS. One could simply start the journey without any consideration for others who might be on similar quests, but chances are your path is going to cross someone else's path along the way. What do you do you then? That is where standardization plays an important role. To keep us safe, commercial and private aircraft follow rules and regulations that help maintain separation and avoid accidents. When there were only a few airplanes, rules didn't matter much. The more congested the skies the more important the rules. The same was true when automobiles were first invented. The first automobile propelled by an internal combustion engine is generally considered to be a three-wheeled vehicle introduced in 1886 by Germany's Karl Benz. One horseless carriage didn't present much of problem, but as numbers grew so did accidents. The first known fatal traffic crash killed a 44-year-old female pedestrian on 17 August 1896 in London. It became clear that traffic laws (standardization) were necessary. Did that standardization kill innovation? Of course not. Did it stop people from getting from Point A to Point B? Just the opposite. It meant that the chances of getting from A to B in a safe and timely manner actually increased. The same thing happened after the invention telephones and the Internet. Protocols were invented that made the orderly flow of data possible. Standards make innovation easier because they make the results of innovation more widely available. That is why Microsoft went to the International Standards Organization recently to get its new extensible markup language (Open XML) approved as an international standard. It failed in its attempt ["Microsoft loses Office software standards vote," by Richard Waters, Financial Times, 5 September 2007]. As Waters notes: "Winning approval is considered essential since many governments are otherwise expected to balk at the new Microsoft technology, opting instead for the rival ODF format, which already has international recognition. Though technology standard-setting efforts like this seldom attract much public attention, Microsoft's push is seen as a vital part of its attempt to win broad support for the latest versions of its key desktop software products." The interoperability that results from using standards makes life much better for consumers (because they can mix and match products and it increases competition which generally keeps costs lower). Companies, of course, would prefer locking customers in to their product lines but that creates a win-lose situation whereas open standards create a win-win situation. This is a lesson that many large companies are beginning to understand. This fact is highlighted in a great article by Alec Burnside and Lars Liebeler also found in the Financial Times ["The bright side of innovation," 4 September 2007]. The focus of their article is the continuing standoff between Microsoft and European Union regulators who have feared for years that Microsoft's dominance would stifle innovation. Microsoft is appealing the European Commission's $675 million fine for alleged abuses of its dominant position in operating systems. The standoff started almost a decade ago and lots of things have changed over the intervening years. "Microsoft has ... moved with the market. The FT itself dubbed it a 'symbolic event' when the chief executives of Microsoft and Cisco recently pledged to make their equipment fully interoperable: this was 'a clear reminder of where the real power lies these days in the IT business ... corporate buyers of technology ... [are] in the driving seat'. Reflecting the same pressures, Microsoft had previously agreed with 'open source' companies, most notably Novell, to promote the combined use of their products in computer networks, and worked with other IT companies on enabling consumers to choose competing software products rather than Windows features." In other words, even without a final resolution of its dispute with the EU, Microsoft has had to adopt of international standards and learn to play nicer with other IT companies. That is why in my business I stress the importance of such standards and best practices. By creating a structure based on these features, organizations become more efficient, effective, and -- yes -- innovative. Burnside and Liebeler began their article by reminding us of a scene from a Monty Python movie. "In Monty Python's satirical Life of Brian an angry dissident demands: 'What have the Romans ever done for us?' A fellow plotter, innocently taking his question at face value, responds with a long list of Roman achievements, including aqueducts, roads, schools and, above all, public order – in essence, all the trappings of a civilised society." The authors then seem bemused by a question that struck them as similarly inane [is there really no such thing as dumb question?]. "Perhaps Nicolas Sarkozy was confusing ancient Rome with the Treaty of Rome when the French president recently asked his Pythonesque question: what has competition ever done for us?" This wouldn't have been so amusing had the question been rhetorical; but apparently, Burnside and Liebeler believed it demanded a response -- at least a reframed version of the question. "The question is ripe because the judgment may guide European competition policy for years to come. Is it regulation that has delivered advanced technological innovations, from desktop, to iPod, to do-everything mobile phones – or is it competition?" That question, Burnside and Liebeler believe, is what is at stake as the EU once again takes up the Microsoft case. Their response to the question came in the form of how much innovation has taken place even though the Microsoft case has not yet been settled. "The industry has moved on: IT markets have never been static. Innovation has flourished. New products, new business models and vigorous new competitors abound: think Linux, Flash (which is used on more than 95 per cent of personal computers in Europe), Firefox. Think Google – a company that was only three months old when Sun Microsystems complained about Microsoft to the European Commission. Today Google has an overwhelming share of online advertising revenues – its very name has become a verb – and its own share of antitrust (and privacy) controversies. Many of the issues in the Microsoft case are almost quaint now – the idea that customers want an operating system without a media player, for instance. Today, Apple dominates the market for online music. Google's YouTube service is a juggernaut in the online video space. Was either held back because its target customers were mostly running Windows on their computers? No. Neither of these technologies existed when the Microsoft case started. Even Linux was a niche operating system being nudged along by a Finnish visionary and a small band of loyal developers. ... What has competition ever done for them? Well, other than making and organising a nearly limitless world of information and entertainment for instantaneous use in home, business, school and cafés around the world ... not much." As we move forward in the information age, standards will become increasingly important in ensuring that we all remain on the same playing field. It is the connectivity that standardization allows that has marks this era as different from all those that have preceded it. The record is clear that standardization helps increase competition and has no noticeable negative effect on innovation. In fact, the amount of venture capital being invested IT companies in the U.S. is at its highest level since the dot.com crash earlier this decade. People forget that we are, at most, in the early adolescent years of the information age. Watching it mature will be both interesting and exciting. Sep 14, 2007 7:41:44 AM \| Connectivity, Current Affairs, Innovation More on the Movement of Capital at the Bottom of the Pyramid In yesterday's post [Movement of Capital at the Bottom of the Pyramid], I discussed how important remittances by expatriates are to many economies around the world. I quoted World Bank figures that noted some $276 billion was transferred by such... Two-Sigma Solutions The term Six Sigma has become synonymous with the complex search for perfection. Companies like Six Sigma processes because they are always searching for improved efficiencies. Consumers like Six Sigma processes because they like products with good quality. There are... Steve DeAngelis Stephen F. DeAngelis is a technology and supply chain sector entrepreneur and patent holder with more than 25 years of experience in building, financing and operating technology and manufacturing companies.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line736
__label__wiki	0.60939	0.60939	Score - - ABC (US) Burnt Food Dr. Shaun Murphy, a young surgeon with autism and savant syndrome, relocates from a quiet country life to join the prestigious St. Bonaventure hospital’s surgical unit. Alone in the .. show full overview Dr. Shaun Murphy, a young surgeon with autism and savant syndrome, relocates from a quiet country life to join the prestigious St. Bonaventure hospital’s surgical unit. Alone in the world and unable to personally connect with those around him, his only advocate, Dr. Aaron Glassman, challenges the skepticism and prejudices of the hospital’s board and staff when he brings him in to join the team. Shaun will need to work harder than he ever has before, as he navigates his new environment and relationships to prove to his colleagues that his extraordinary medical gifts will save lives. Dr. Shaun Murphy’s attention to detail complicates his first day at St. Bonaventure Hospital. Meanwhile, Dr. Claire Browne learns a valuable lesson about honesty when confronted with a difficult diagnosis for her patient. Dr. Neil Melendez and Dr. Jared Kalu discover their patient isn’t being completely honest with them which may cost him his chance at a life-saving surgery. Meanwhile, Dr. Claire Browne .. show full overview Dr. Neil Melendez and Dr. Jared Kalu discover their patient isn’t being completely honest with them which may cost him his chance at a life-saving surgery. Meanwhile, Dr. Claire Browne must learn to communicate with Dr. Shaun Murphy as they race back to St. Bonaventure Hospital with a donated organ. Dr. Neil Melendez and the team have to wade through legal waters when a husband and wife have to make a life-changing decision about their unborn child. Meanwhile, Dr. Shaun Murphy .. show full overview Dr. Neil Melendez and the team have to wade through legal waters when a husband and wife have to make a life-changing decision about their unborn child. Meanwhile, Dr. Shaun Murphy struggles to adjust to his new environment at home and makes a huge step forward with his colleagues. Point Three Percent While in the exam area of St. Bonaventure Hospital, Dr. Shaun Murphy encounters a young patient who looks eerily similar to his deceased brother, Steve. After discovering his parents .. show full overview While in the exam area of St. Bonaventure Hospital, Dr. Shaun Murphy encounters a young patient who looks eerily similar to his deceased brother, Steve. After discovering his parents have hidden his diagnosis from him, Shaun struggles to understand why he doesn’t deserve to hear the truth about his own health. Meanwhile, the team can’t figure out what keeps triggering their patients’ increasingly severe allergic reactions and races to find the cause before the next one kills another patient. Dr. Shaun Murphy and Dr. Claire Browne devise an experimental procedure that can save the leg and life of a young groom, that is if his bride-to-be and parents can learn to work .. show full overview Dr. Shaun Murphy and Dr. Claire Browne devise an experimental procedure that can save the leg and life of a young groom, that is if his bride-to-be and parents can learn to work together. Meanwhile, Jared struggles to emotionally connect with his patient whose scars may prove too deep to overcome. Dr. Shaun Murphy has to confront prejudice from an unlikely source when he takes on the case of a patient with autism, and Dr. Jared Kalu has to learn to accept his limitations as a surgeon. During a robbery at the grocery mart Dr. Shaun Murphy is shopping at, his communication limitations puts lives at risk. Meanwhile, after Shaun’s traumatic day, Dr. Aaron Glassman worries that he isn’t doing enough to help Shaun. Intangibles As part of St. Bonaventure hospital’s international humanitarian program, the team takes on the case of a young boy from the Congo who has severe congenital heart anomalies. Dr. Neil .. show full overview As part of St. Bonaventure hospital’s international humanitarian program, the team takes on the case of a young boy from the Congo who has severe congenital heart anomalies. Dr. Neil Melendez has doubts about the safety of the procedure, while Dr. Shaun Murphy works out the best course of action. Meanwhile, Murphy’s latest encounter with his neighbor Lea has him confused. Members of the hospital’s surgical team are initially impressed with a charming young doctor, but his true character puts one of them in an awkward position at work. Meanwhile, Dr. .. show full overview Members of the hospital’s surgical team are initially impressed with a charming young doctor, but his true character puts one of them in an awkward position at work. Meanwhile, Dr. Glassman feels Dr. Shaun Murphy needs a little more support with his personal life and suggests he meet with a therapist. However, Shaun is determined to show him that he can do it on his own. Islands: Part One Dr. Marcus Andrews enlists Dr. Neil Melendez on a very sensitive kidney transplant between a pair of twins; Dr. Shaun Murphy decides to take an impromptu trip with his friend Lea and leave his problems behind. Islands: Part Two The twins suffer complications from their surgery forcing the team to make a life-changing decision. Shaun returns to the hospital after his trip with Lea and decides he needs a more permanent change – and gives Dr. Glassman his two weeks’ notice. Seven Reasons Shaun suspects his patient is lying about the reason for her injury and makes a controversial assumption about her motives. Dr. Melendez’s personal life could be affecting his work and, ultimately, his patients' lives. Shaun is surprised to learn that his young cancer patient identifies as a girl while being biologically male. He must quickly learn to understand his patient, her medical needs and how .. show full overview Shaun is surprised to learn that his young cancer patient identifies as a girl while being biologically male. He must quickly learn to understand his patient, her medical needs and how to work with her family, who all feel they know what is best for her. Dr. Shaun Murphy's teenage patient has been confined to her home her entire life due to a rare heart condition. Despite her condition, she has cultivated a large group of friends online .. show full overview Dr. Shaun Murphy's teenage patient has been confined to her home her entire life due to a rare heart condition. Despite her condition, she has cultivated a large group of friends online and hopes that the surgical team can find a way to give her the life she has always dreamed of having. Meanwhile, a young patient's perfectly matched organ donor is causing a moral dilemma for the parents and the patient. When the team treats a patient who has to decide between a dangerous surgery that could change his life or remain the same, he asks Dr. Shaun Murphy what he would if he had that same choice. Dr. Shaun Murphy questions the need for an elective surgery that will allow his young patient to smile for the first time. Meanwhile, Dr. Claire Brown and Dr. Morgan Reznick discover that their patient lied about her identity. 1x18 Season finale The team at St. Bonaventure needs to quickly discover the truth behind a young college student’s unexplained injuries before his condition worsens. Meanwhile, after losing his most .. show full overview The team at St. Bonaventure needs to quickly discover the truth behind a young college student’s unexplained injuries before his condition worsens. Meanwhile, after losing his most prized possession, Shaun’s distraction during a surgical procedure may end up risking more than just his job.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line739
__label__wiki	0.964721	0.964721	Jason Charles Miller Information Songwriter / Voice Actor Hollywood, CA, USA Jason Charles Miller is an accomplished and multi-faceted performer, with more than two decades of professional experience as a musician, songwriter, singer and voice actor. As a voice actor Jason has appeared in over 100 animated productions and video games and live action productions. Some career highlights include Neverwinter: Underdark (Drizzt Do'Urden), The Legend of Korra (The Sheriff), Hearthstone: Heroes of Warcraft (Loot Hoarder Gnome), Star Trek Online (Kal Dano), Avatar: The Last Airbender, Final Fantasy 14: A Realm Reborn (Raubahn Aldynn), Batman: The Brave and the Bold (Dollman and Black Condor), Firefall (Captain Wallach, Sergeant Lewis), Moribito: Guardian of the Spirit (Shinji), The Wonder Woman Animated Movie (Thraxx), Code Geass (Urabe), World of Warcraft (Prince Valanar, Commander Stoutbeard, Terrath the Steady, Hagrim Hopebreaker), Super Street Fighter 4, Street Fighter X Tekken, Ultra Street Fighter 4 (Guy), Resident Evil 5 (Robert Kendo), Dragon's Dogma (Ser Wesley, Ser Jakys), Star Craft 2, Diablo III (Radek the Fence), Guild Wars 2 (Ben Tenstrikes, Big Nose Ted, Stefan Barush, Seneschal Elam) and has even narrated a film for NASA, "Bennu's Journey" which appears in museums and planetariums around the country. You can see Jason on screen as Strike Leader Jackson in the SyFy original movie, Battle Planet, as the dastardly villain Kowboy Killa in Chatroom of Solitude on Stan Lee's World of Heroes network, playing himself in season 5 of The Guild, and squabbling with Lewis Black and Andy Dick in various productions on Comedy Central. Originally from Clifton, VA, Jason now lives in Los Angeles, CA where he owns and runs the successful recording complex, Central Command Studios. Jason has co-written songs with artists Marilyn Manson, Billy Ray Cyrus, Ben Moody Evanescence, Chuck Goff Toby Keith Band, Jeordie White Nine Inch Nails, Driver Williams Eric Church Band, Otherwise, Rev Theory and living legend Paul Anka. Songs he's written can currently be heard on HBO's True Blood and Hung, WWE Smackdown, The NFL Today, Dateline NBC, and the wildly popular web series The Guild, Co-Optitude, The New Adventures of Peter and Wendy and Critical Role. Jason was the musical mastermind behind the critically acclaimed series Muzzled the Musical, writing every piece of music for the show and co-authoring the lyrics to every song. Jason co-wrote the smash single "Cruisin' for a Bruisin" for the Disney Channel hit movie, Teen Beach Movie. The soundtrack was #1 on the Billboard charts and "Cruisin' for a Bruisin" was nominated for a Radio Disney Award. Jason also penned the all star collaboration "Forever In Our Hearts," a song to benefit the victims of the 2004 tsunami in South Asia which included Brian McKnight, Mya, Jacoby Shaddix Papa Roach, Nate Dogg and many more. He's produced songs for artists as varied as Bret Michaels, Felicia Day, Godhead, Psyclon 9, Tina Guo and YouTube sensation Drew Tabor. As a solo artist, Jason has opened for country greats Alan Jackson, Toby Keith, Gary Allan, Eric Church, Justin Moore, Big Kenny of Big and Rich, and Jerrod Niemann. Miller is also widely recognized as the frontman and founder of the rock band Godhead, the only band ever signed to Marilyn Manson's Posthuman Records. The band has sold more than 250,000 albums, and toured the world with the likes of Manson, Ozzy Osbourne, Disturbed, GWAR, Slipknot, Rammstein, Linkin Park and Korn frontman Jonathan Davis. Jason has received two Gold Record Awards for sales. One for the Godhead song "Penetrate" on the Queen of the Damned movie soundtrack, and the other for the song "The End Has Come," which he wrote and performed with Evanescence founder Ben Moody for the movie The Punisher, and one for "Cruisin' for a Bruisin" for the Disney Channel's Teen Beach Movie. Jason also recently sang two songs on the critically acclaimed soundtrack for the video game Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance, and has even sung backup for Robert Smith of The Cure on the Reeves Gabrels/Robert Smith song, "Yesterday's Gone." Jason has been featured in magazines such as Rolling Stone, Billboard, Guitar World, Inside Kung Fu and many more. He's also appeared on MTV, MTV2, Fuse and VH1. Touted by many critics as one of rock and country's best and most consistent live singers, Jason continues to wow live audiences all over the world. Youmacon 2018 - November 1-4, 2018 in Detroit, MI, USA Salt Lake Gaming Con 2018 - July 6-7, 2018 in Sandy, UT, USA BoroughCon 2018 - June 15-17, 2018 in Brooklyn, NY, USA Animé Los Angeles 2017 - January 27-29, 2017 in Ontario, CA, USA Anime California 2016 - September 2-4, 2016 in Long Beach, CA, USA Otakon Vegas 2016 - January 15-17, 2016 in Las Vegas, NV, USA Nekocon 2014 - November 7-9, 2014 in Hampton, VA, USA Go!Daiko-Con 2014 - August 1-3, 2014 in Pontiac, MI, USA Ancient City Con 2013 - June 21-23, 2013 in Jacksonville, FL, USA Akimatsuri 2012 - November 3-4, 2012 in Burnaby, BC Anime Five Cities 2012 - August 11, 2012 in San Luis Obispo, CA, USA Middle Tennessee Anime Convention 2012 - April 6-8, 2012 in Nashville, TN, USA Omnicon 2012 - March 16-18, 2012 in Cookeville, TN, USA Geek Media Expo 2011 - October 21-23, 2011 in Nashville, TN, USA Anime Expo 2011 - July 1-4, 2011 in Los Angeles, CA, USA Animé Los Angeles 2011 - January 7-9, 2011 in Los Angeles, CA, USA Tweets by jasoncmiller Add or Update Information for Jason Charles Miller	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line744
__label__wiki	0.718617	0.718617	Decline in bumblebee species, and their habitats, caused by global warming By newspaperport on July 12, 2015 • ( Leave a comment ) Global warming is putting the squeeze on bumblebees, a new study reports in the journal Science. Credit: Leif Richardson, UVM In the most comprehensive study ever conducted of the impacts of climate change on critical pollinators, scientists have discovered that global warming is rapidly shrinking the area where bumblebees are found in both North America and Europe. Global warming is putting the squeeze on bumblebees. In the most comprehensive study ever conducted of the impacts of climate change on critical pollinators, scientists have discovered that global warming is rapidly shrinking the area where these bees are found in both North America and Europe. Researchers examined more than 420,000 historical and current records of many species of bumblebees–and confirm that bumblebees are in steep decline at a continental scale because of climate change. The new research is reported in the journal Science. Economic threats This shrinking range is bad news for more than bees. “Bumblebees pollinate many plants that provide food for humans and wildlife,” says Leif Richardson, a scientist at the University of Vermont who helped lead the new research. “If we don’t stop the decline in the abundance of bumblebees, we may well face higher food prices, diminished varieties, and other troubles.” “Pollinators are vital for food security and our economy, and widespread losses of pollinators due to climate change will diminish both,” stated Jeremy Kerr, a biologist from the University of Ottawa, who led the new study. “We need to figure out how we can improve the outlook for pollinators at continental scales, but the most important thing we can do is begin to take serious action to reduce the rate of climate change.” With climate change, many species of animals, including butterflies, have been observed to expand their territory: the northern edge of their range marches toward the North Pole–while the southern edge remains in place. Not so bumblebees. The team of fourteen scientists who conducted the new study found that northern populations of many bumblebee species are staying put–while the southern range edge is retreating away from the equator. “This was a surprise,” said Richardson, a bee expert at UVM’s Gund Institute for Ecological Economics. “The bees are losing range on their southern margin and failing to pick up territory at the northern margin–so their habitat range is shrinking.” Clearly, it’s climate The new study shows that the culprit is not pesticides and it’s not land use changes–two other major threats to bumblebee populations and health. Instead, the research shows clearly that this “range compression,” as the scientists call it, tracks with warming temperatures. The team also found that bumblebees are shifting to areas of habitat at higher elevation in response to climate change. “Moving upslope doesn’t necessarily mean they’ve lost area there yet,” said UVM’s Richardson, “but, eventually, they may simply run out of hill.” To conduct their study, the scientist drew on geo-referenced databases from museum collections on both continents. In Vermont, Leif Richardson examined bee specimens at UVM’s Zadock Thompson Zoological Collections. Evolutionary explanations Over the 110 years of records that the team examined, bumblebees have lost about 185 miles (300 km) from the southern edge of their range in Europe and North America, the scientists estimate. “The scale and pace of these losses are unprecedented,” said Ottawa’s Jeremy Kerr. There may be an evolutionary explanation for the problems bumblebees now face. Many other species of insects originated and diversified in tropical climates; as temperatures warm, their evolutionary history may allow them to better adapt. Bumblebees, however have “unusual evolutionary origins in the cool Palearctic,” the scientists write, which may help explain their rapid losses of terrain from the south and lagging expansion in the warming north. Assisted migration To respond to this problem, the research team suggests that a dramatic solution be considered: moving bee populations into new areas where they might persist. This “assisted migration” idea has been considered–and controversial–in conservation biology circles for more than a decade, but is gaining support as warming continues. “We need new strategies to help these species cope with the effects of human-caused climate change, perhaps assisting them to shift into northern areas,” said Kerr. But the most important message of this study is “the need to halt or reverse climate warming,” says Leif Richardson, a USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture postdoctoral research fellow at UVM. “These findings could spell trouble for many plants–including some crops, like blueberries–that depend on bumblebees for pollination,” he said. “Bumblebees are crucial to our natural ecosystems.” Story Source: www. sciencedaily.com The above post is reprinted from materials provided by University of Vermont. The original item was written by Joshua E. Brown. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Jeremy T. Kerr, Alana Pindar, Paul Galpern, Laurence Packer, Simon G. Potts, Stuart M. Roberts, Pierre Rasmont, Oliver Schweiger, Sheila R. Colla, Leif L. Richardson, David L. Wagner, Lawrence F. Gall, Derek S. Sikes, Alberto Pantoja. Climate change impacts on bumblebees converge across continents. Science, 10 July 2015; Vol. 349 no. 6244 pp. 177-180 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa7031 Categories: Nature Research Tagged as: bee, bumblebees, pollination, Science, UVM, UVM's Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, Zadock Thompson UH Study Finds News Media May Influence Racial Bias	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line753
__label__cc	0.627641	0.372359	The Lagina brothers May 14, 2019 Entertainment The Curse of Oak Island Season 7 Officially Confirmed to Be Renewed ‘The Curse of Oak Island’ is set to return for season 7 as the producers have officially confirmed that. The last season of the television series ended in April and the special episode aired on May 7. The special episode revealed that Rick and Marty Lagina and their team have made a big discovery, which… Keep Reading	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line755
__label__cc	0.696507	0.303493	Reflections on the doctor-patient interaction Last week, I shared two interesting articles on this blog, one of which was the transcript of an interview with Dr. Eric Topol, author of the book, ‘The Creative Destruction of Medicine’. Buried in this article was a very interesting question posed by the interviewer : Is there a possible irony that in using all this technology to “personalize” medicine you “depersonalize” it instead ? A valid concern indeed! While the advances in science and technology make it possible to treat every individual’s physiology as unique and we now often have the means to tell apart conditions that are symptomatically similar but in fact are different diseases altogether, in all the exhilaration about the advances in medical science we tend to forget that there’s a person-to-person connect that we humans yearn for – especially when faced with bad news, and this seems to be slowly reducing. A few years ago, a friend’s father developed an eye problem that needed surgery. It was complicated and he was referred to a surgeon well-known for his expertise in the field. The surgeon examined him, confirmed the diagnosis, scheduled the surgery and then – undoubtedly with the best intentions – blandly told him to be prepared for the worst as the operation had a high failure rate. As luck (and the surgeon’s skill) would have it, the operation was successful and the gentleman is fine now. However, his children still remember their father’s distress at hearing the news and wish it could have been presented in a gentler, more humane fashion; at that time I remember that they bubbled over in anger and resentment at the “cold, heartless” surgeon. I’ve heard similar versions of this story from multiple people that met a thoroughly competent but not-empathetic-enough doctor/ surgeon/ other clinician. Not just those suffering from an ailment of some sort, even pregnant women that visit their gynaecologist voice a similar desire for time, information, and most of all, reassurance. Partly, our frustration and distress stem from the fact that as patients or friends and relatives of patients, we want the Doctor to be everything, Superman almost. We hanker for the simple comforting relationship and degree of involvement of earlier times, but with all the benefits of better diagnoses and effective medicines that are available today; we want the caring demeanour, the reassurance, the generosity of time that an old-fashioned family doctor gave; yet we also want this person to have the skills and knowledge of a specialist, to have invested the time to be up-to-date with all technological and medical advances and to have the latest scientific facts at his fingertips. Occasionally, we meet such people, but they are rare. It’s a very fine line between doctors telling the patient as it is and being positive about the outcome to keep the patient cheerful and positive. Unfortunately our medical system does not train well for this ‘fuzzy’ part of medical care, and hence it is up to individual doctors how they deal with it. One that does it very well is an orthopaedist called Dr. Niranjan Deshmukh at Lilavati Hospital in Mumbai. Multiple people that I know have been to see him for various back, shoulder and leg injuries and have given glowing reports of their experience. Apart from a calm reassuring manner, this Doctor also spends time with patients explaining to them why they are in pain, the cure needed, how long it will take etc. He uses 3-D images of our skeleton with the network of muscles and nerves over it to give detailed explanations of the reason for the pain, how it can be mitigated and means of preventing a recurrence. I think it is time to acknowledge that such Doctors are the exceptions and build a system for the norm; one that is built around our needs as patients for more information to help us feel a bit more in control, for reassurance, and of course, for guidance and treatment. As Dr. Gawande says in his article, we need pit crews. In some ways, hospitals are beginning to respond to these needs. Some hospitals address this through talk sessions that all their patients and their families can attend. Sometimes, for metabolic ailments, a doctor and a dietician work as a relay team for diagnosis and then ailment management. Additionally, one member of the pit crew could also be a trained medical counsellor, contributing the ‘time to care’ component of ‘quality of care’; someone who would help patients and their family members traverse from denial and anger to acceptance and solution-seeking, giving them all the information they need so that they can make sense of the situation – explain what’s happening, understand treatments available, sort through options etc. Of course, one key question is that of the payer for these services and to what extent they can be rolled out in a country such as India where large swathes of underserved or un-served populace lack access to even basic medical care. Nevertheless, I think we need to push ahead on both fronts, improving quality of medical care and the overall experience and increasing access. Zenobia Driver May 28, 2012 at 6:19 am 20 comments Is change afoot in the practice of medicine ? Two articles that I came across recently got me thinking about the way medicine is practised currently and how it is going to change significantly during our lifetime. The first is an article by noted physician, writer, and policy-maker Dr. Atul Gawande; titled ‘Cowboys and Pit Crews’, it is the text of Dr. Gawande’s commencement address at Harvard Medical School last year. In this speech he touched upon the way the practise of medicine evolved and the background to the way it is currently structured. Some fragments from the speech are reproduced below to whet your appetite, hope these encourage you to read the entire article : ‘The core structure of medicine—how health care is organized and practiced—emerged in an era when doctors could hold all the key information patients needed in their heads and manage everything required themselves…….The nature of the knowledge lent itself to prizing autonomy, independence, and self-sufficiency among our highest values, and to designing medicine accordingly. But you can’t hold all the information in your head any longer, and you can’t master all the skills. ……We’re all specialists now—even primary-care doctors. A structure that prioritizes the independence of all those specialists will have enormous difficulty achieving great care…..We train, hire, and pay doctors to be cowboys. But its pit crews people need………By a system I mean that the diverse people actually work together to direct their specialized capabilities toward common goals for patients. They are coordinated by design. They are pit crews.’ Dr. Gawande’s speech was about the systems and a process involved in healthcare delivery, and his prescriptions were practical, though complex to implement. The second article I’m pointing out to readers is a bit more far-out (or farsighted maybe), a bit like science-fiction-meets-medicine. This article is the transcript of an interview with Dr. Eric Topol, author of the book, ‘The Creative Destruction of Medicine’, a perspective on the changes in healthcare made possible by technology and digitisation. In this interview, Dr. Topol talks about the changes possible and the extent to which personalised medicine / treatment is now available and could benefit people, also about the prevailing system which (he feels) is resisting these changes. May 21, 2012 at 9:35 am 5 comments Although direct selling isn’t a very commonly discussed business model in India, it is a force to be reckoned with. It is now a Rs.4200 crore industry and about 3 million Indians are engaged in direct selling; of this, 2.1 million are women, mainly because it offers an additional income and flexible hours. Several brands sold through this model are now at par or beginning to overtake the more mainstream FMCG and OTC brands which are backed with aggressive marketing and extensive distribution networks. Take for example Amway’s Nutrilite protein powder – It is now a Rs. 250 crore brand far ahead of its competitors like Wockhardt’s ProtineX. Amway’s supplement pill Nutrilite Daily is close on the heels of Ranbaxy’s heavily advertised Revital having grown 34% last year. Glister toothpaste from Amway is also a over Rs.100 crore brand now, and is fast closing in on Dabur Red Toothpaste which has been around in the market since decades. As a company too, Amway has outgrown multinationals like L’Oreal, Nivea and Kellogg’s in India by reporting Rs.2130 crore in sales for calendar year 2010-11. The US-based company, which started operations in India 14 years ago, attributes its success to 5.5 lakh active distributors, aggressive pricing and advertising. It has ambitious plans for this year too – it plans to double its advertising spends this year from Rs.30 crore in 2011 to Rs.58 crore, as it targets double-digit growth to follow 19% rise in sales last year. Tupperware India Pvt. Ltd., which sells food storage, preparation and serving dishes, is expanding its distribution by appointing more consultants in the 50 cities and towns it operates in. The company is also developing new product offerings to suit the need of Indians. Asha Gupta, MD-Tupperware India, points out that non-metros are seeing brisk member addition and sales, revenue contribution of non-tier I cities stood at 38% in 2009-10, against 14% in 2008-09. Oriflame has now been in India for over 15 years and has been registering a CAGR of 40% over the past five years. Its key markets include East and North-East region – which contributes around 40% to its total sales in India. That said, they have been growing the fastest in the southern four states and plan to focus expansion efforts here. They already have a product basket of 650 products and plan to introduce 300-350 new ones this year to keep up with the latest trends. The company is targeting to appoint 1.25 lakh new sales consultants to take the figure to 3 lakh by the end of this year, and have 500 service points from the current 350. Modicare, the first India-based direct selling company, which sells cosmetics, foods and beverages, health and wellness and agriculture, personal, home, fabric and automobile care products, has grown significantly in the last 4 years. It has a network of over 1 lakh consultants with 40 centers serving 2700 cities across India and targeting sales of Rs.200 crore this year. The latest addition to the list of companies working on the direct selling method is Qi – but it does so on with a difference. One, it operates only on an e-commerce platform and two, in addition to products in the nutrition, health, home and personal care space, it sells a range of luxury products and services too – such as branded watches, gold and silver jewelry, holiday packages, e-learning packages. It has over 40 lakh members operating globally and has now made its entry into India. While some companies like Amway, Tupperware and Eureka Forbes have been advertising on TV; Tupperware also has its products on display at several supermarkets for a touch and feel experience; others like Oriflame and Avon are targeting a higher sales consultant base before advertising or exploring alternate/ complimentary distribution channels. Modicare is also slowly and steadily expanding its sales consultant base along with product portfolio to attract the Tier-III and smaller town customers. Whatever the approach may be, each one has set its growth goals and is striving to achieve them. Perhaps, it is the traditional FMCG and OTC companies that need to take notice and be prepared. Sources: News articles, Company websites. Roshni Jhaveri Organic – But Naturally! Lately, I have noticed a sudden burst of organic stores on the scene. So far, I had been seeing small sections dedicated to organic products in supermarkets and other shops, offering a limited range of products. Earlier, buying organic vegetable and fruits was restricted to weekly Farmer’s Market in Bandra or smaller outfits and individual sellers which supplied fresh produce direct to home. Stores like FabIndia, Westside carried a range of packaged organics staples, spices and condiments while several large supermarkets as well specialty stores like Vinita Mathur’s Health Shop – had a small section stocking organic foods from Conscious Foods, 24 Letter Mantra and a few other certified brands. But suddenly, there are entire stores dedicated to organic products mushrooming around Mumbai. I’d always thought of the category as being niche – premium and metro-centric – given the higher price of all products produced organically as well as the low awareness about its advantages over conventionally produced products. These dedicated organic stores got me very curious in terms of why this sudden spurt – whether the prices had gone down, whether the product offering had changed and whether the cost of a standalone store was really justified for such products. So, I paid a few of them a visit. Organic Garden (located in Breach Candy and Prabhadevi, Mumbai) has a whole range of vegetables and fruits grown organically, certified by ECOCERT. It’s a small store, stocking only fresh and small quantities of different fruits and vegetables grown in the region. Despite being higher priced than the regular vegetable seller, the price differential is no longer the 25-50% that it used to be, it was only about 10-15% higher. Organic Haus (at Kemps Corner, Mumbai) is a premium shopping experience, stocking a whole range of organic products which are imported from Germany and Austria. Their range of products includes foods and beverages, nutritional supplements, cosmetics, baby and home care products. The store is supported by well trained and informed sales personnel who explain not only the advantages of going organic, but also the product ingredients, method of usage, etc. (especially critical since most of the packaging is in German), provide information and explain unfamiliar terms like “gluten-free”, etc. and recommend products according to consumer health conditions and dietary requirements. Such is the confidence in the success of the store and its products that during the launch of its flagship store in Ahmedabad (yes Ahmedabad! not Mumbai or Delhi as one would expect), Organic Haus Chairman Dilip Doshi said, “We are planning to open 8-10 company-owned stores and 10-20 on franchise route across the country. We are in talks with some retail stores for shop-in-shop segment”. Currently plans are underway for a store in New Delhi and Bangalore as well as an online store. The products in the store are definitely much higher priced, but the variety of products is huge as well as the type of products stocked are quite different from the regular organic fare (such as an organic slimming kit which is a rage in Germany, nutrition supplements, beauty cosmetics, etc.). Also, Organic Haus has been heavily marketing – with billboards all along Marine Drive as well as creating a buzz through Facebook. Navdanya-The Organic Shop (in Andheri, Mumbai) has been started by Navdanya Organization, a network of seed keepers and organic producers spread across 16 states in India, which started out as a research initiative, led by renowned scientist and environmentalist Dr. Vandana Shiva. They sell a wide range of products ranging from fruits and vegetables, staples, spices, condiments, jams and spreads, dry fruits, tea and coffee to seeds for cultivation. Not only stores, but dedicated restaurants and cafes are also spurring up. Lumiere is a chain of restaurants in Bangalore and Cochin using only organically grown products from their own farms. Navdanya restaurant at Dilli Haat in New Delhi serves delicious meals prepared with organic ingredients. Deli.in is a chain of organic salad and juice bar with outlets in Bangalore and Pune. A few years ago, this market was marred by inadequate retail presence, little to no certified branded produce, an incomplete range, uncompetitive price points, and government policies that were skewed towards exports. That said, this space has definitely seen a lot of activity in the past few years – not only in terms of more outlets, higher awareness, higher acceptance despite higher prices, but also in terms of regulations and certification of organic foods by government bodies. The organic food market is still a very niche market – under 5% of the total food market – and has huge scope for growth, some estimates pinning the growth numbers at 40% annually. This sure has become a space to look out for. May 7, 2012 at 9:15 am 2 comments	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line756
__label__cc	0.727889	0.272111	Who makes it: This product is manufactured by MuscleTech, a large sports nutrition company that has been in business since 1995. In their 20+ years in the industry, MuscleTech has developed many innovative and effective exercise supplements, and currently holds more than 50 U.S. patents. They have developed quite a following of loyal fans over the years, and for good reason. Weight trainers commonly spend 5 to 20 minutes warming up their muscles before starting a workout. It is common to stretch the entire body to increase overall flexibility; however, many people stretch just the area being worked that day. The main reason for warming up is injury prevention. Warming up increases blood flow and flexibility, which lessens the chance of a muscle pull or joint pain. Retinol (Vitamin A) B vitamins: Thiamine (B1) Riboflavin (B2) Niacin (B3) Pantothenic acid (B5) Pyridoxine (B6) Biotin (B7) Folic acid (B9) Cyanocobalamin (B12) Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) Ergocalciferol and Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D) Tocopherol (Vitamin E) Naphthoquinone (Vitamin K) Calcium Choline Chromium Cobalt Copper Fluorine Iodine Iron Magnesium Manganese Molybdenum Phosphorus Potassium Selenium Sodium Sulfur Zinc ^ Jump up to: a b c d Luckose F, Pandey MC, Radhakrishna K (2015). "Effects of amino acid derivatives on physical, mental, and physiological activities". Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 55 (13): 1793–1807. doi:10.1080/10408398.2012.708368. PMID 24279396. HMB, a derivative of leucine, prevents muscle damage and increases muscle strength by reducing exercise-induced proteolysis in muscles and also helps in increasing lean body mass. ... The meta analysis studies and the individual studies conducted support the use of HMB as an effective aid to increase body strength, body composition, and to prevent muscle damage during resistance training. Creatine supplementation often causes weight gain that can be mistaken for increase in muscle mass. Increasing intracellular creatine may cause an osmotic influx of water into the cell because creatine is an osmotically active substance [10]. It is possible that the weight gained is water retention and not increased muscle. The retention of water may be connected to reports of muscle cramps, dehydration, and heat intolerance when taking creatine supplements. It would be prudent to encourage proper hydration for creatine users. Further research is needed to investigate these and other possible side effects. Kerksick, C. M., Wilborn, C. D., Campbell, W. I., Harvey, T. M., Marcello, B. M., Roberts, M. D., Parker, A. G., Byars, A. G., Greenwood, L. D., Almada, A. L., Kreider, R. B., and Greenwood, M. The effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation with and without D-pinitol on resistance training adaptations. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2009;23:2673-2682. View abstract. Creatine monohydrate is the most common form of creatine, and if not otherwise mentioned is the default form of creatine used in most studies on creatine.[64] It has fairly decent intestinal absorption[65][12] (covered more in depth in the pharmacology section) and is the standard form or “reference” form of creatine, which all other variants are pitted against. “Compared to training for strength, intensity is going to drop during the hypertrophy phase of a program, with intensity sitting between 50 and 75 percent of the person’s 1RM, the maximum weight he or she can lift for one rep,” says Ava Fitzgerald, C.S.C.S., C.P.T., a sports performance coach with the Professional Athletic Performance Center in New York. These effects are secondary to creatine being a source of phosphate groups and acting as an energy reserve. The longer a cell has energy, the longer it can preserve the integrity of the cell membrane by preserving integrity of the Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase enzymes.[241][235][236] Preserving ATP allows creatine to act via a nongenomic response (not requiring the nuclear DNA to transcribe anything), and appears to work secondary to MAPK and PI3K pathways.[226] Now, while all three are definitely beneficial to the process, I’d consider metabolic stress and muscular damage to be of secondary and tertiary importance, respectively. In addition, they are also things that will pretty much take care of themselves when implementing the workout guidelines and recommendations we’ve already covered (namely for volume, rep ranges, rest periods and exercise selection). After the ingestion of 5g creatine in otherwise healthy humans, serum levels of creatine were elevated from fasting levels (50-100µM) to 600-800µM within one hour after consumption.[135] The receptor follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Vmax obtained at concentrations higher than 0.3-0.4mmol/L,[136] with prolonged serum concentrations above this amount exerting most of its saturation within two days.[137] How much weight? Start with a pair of light dumbbell hand weights (2 to 3 pounds for women and 5 to 8 pounds for men). If you can’t do 12 repetitions (or reps are the number of times you do the exercise) the weight is too heavy. If your muscles don’t feel tired after 12 reps, it’s too light. Adjustable weights that can be strapped to wrists or ankles may be convenient if you have arthritis in your hands. You can also use home or gym weight machines, or resistance bands. Moving through repetitions too quickly, going too fast; there is nothing gained by lifting weights fast. Some of the perks of lifting weight in a slow and controlled manner, include more total muscle tension and force produced, more muscle-fiber activation both slow and fast twitch fibers, and less tissue trauma. Remember, a joint is only as strong as the muscles that cross it; if you haven't lifted in a long time, or ever, be careful what you ask of your joints. Whey protein contains high levels of all the essential amino acids and branched-chain amino acids. It also has the highest content of the amino acid cysteine, which aids in the biosynthesis of glutathione. For bodybuilders, whey protein provides amino acids used to aid in muscle recovery.[27] Whey protein is derived from the process of making cheese from milk. There are three types of whey protein: whey concentrate, whey isolate, and whey hydrolysate. Whey concentrate is 29–89% protein by weight whereas whey isolate is 90%+ protein by weight. Whey hydrolysate is enzymatically predigested and therefore has the highest rate of digestion of all protein types.[27] Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is associated with a reduction in intracellular creatine stores[554] known to only affects males. It is an X-linked progressive myopathy associated with abnormalities in the dystrophin gene.[555] The standard therapy at this moment involves corticosteroids such as prednisone.[556][557] Creatine is thought to be therapeutic since the known targetable abnormalities in DMD (impairment in protein synthesis associated with oxidative stress and increased protein breakdown) is a property of creatine and supplementation showed promise in the first case study[558] and benefit in a group of mixed dystrophinopathies.[559] Nutrient timing is a hot topic, especially for athletes and anyone looking for that extra edge in the gym or in body transformation. Part of this stems from science showing that the timing of carbohydrate consumption does influence important aspects, such as glycogen replenishment (and in limited cases, muscle protein synthesis). The other side is practical: You want the most bang for your buck when it comes to the nutritional products and supplements you purchase. The creatine transporter is a sodium[139][140] and chloride[141][142] dependent membrane-associated transporter that belongs to the Na+/Cl-dependent family of neurotransmitter transporters.[143] In muscle cells and most other cell types,[131][141] the isomer of the creatine transporter is known as SLC6A8 (solute carrier family 6, member 8). SLC6A8 is encoded by the gene present on the Xq28 region of the human X-chromosome and is expressed in most tissues.[144] A related gene encoding a creatine transporter variant has also been identified at 16p11.1 that is expressed exclusively in the testes.[145] These two transporters share 98% homology.[144][145] Bodybuilders often split their food intake for the day into 5 to 7 meals of roughly equal nutritional content and attempt to eat at regular intervals (e.g. every 2 to 3 hours). This method can serve two purposes: to limit overindulging in the cutting phase, and to physically allow for the consumption of large volumes of food during the bulking phase. Contrary to popular belief, eating more frequently does not increase basal metabolic rate when compared to the traditional 3 meals a day. While food does have a metabolic cost to digest, absorb, and store, called the thermic effect of food, it depends on the quantity and type of food, not how the food is spread across the meals of the day. Well-controlled studies using whole-body calorimetry and doubly labeled water have demonstrated that there is no metabolic advantage to eating more frequently.[38][39][40] So, one way to make the soreness go away, at least temporarily, is to continue exercising. This increases blood flow to the muscles and helps them heal. However, remember that we still need them to heal. So if you’re sore from heavy squats, don’t turn around and do heavy squats again. Try doing squats with no weight or yoga/stretching to help bring the soreness down. I know this goes against the recommendations you often see in stereotypical bodybuilding routines (i.e. the ones that involve having a single “chest day” or “arm day” or “shoulder day” once a week), but that’s just one of the many reasons why those types of routines suck for us natural, genetically-average people, and work best for steroid users with great genetics. "It's especially important to eat a carb- and protein-rich meal immediately after a workout," Aceto says. "Right after training, it turns out that your body is really lousy at taking carbohydrates and sending them down fat-storing pathways," he says. "So post-training, carbs will be sent down growth-promoting pathways instead." And when these carbs are combined with a protein source, you've got a strong muscle-feeding combination because carbohydrates help deliver the amino acids into muscles by boosting insulin levels. This anabolic hormone drives nutrients into the muscle cells and kick-starts the muscle-growth process. Studies that use a dosage range typical of creatine supplementation (in the range of 5g a day following an acute loading period) note increases to total body water of 6.2% (3.74lbs) over 9 weeks and[608] 1.1kg over 42 days.[609] Interestingly, some studies comparing creatine paired with training against training itself fail to find a significant difference in percentage of water gained (which is inherently to activity) with standard oral doses of creatine[609][607][610] (although low dose creatine supplementation of 0.03g/kg or 2.3g daily doesn’t appear to increase water retention[611]) despite more overall water weight being gained, due to an equal gain of dry mass in muscles. One study has quantified the percentage increase in mass of muscle cells to be 55% water, suggesting the two groups are fairly equal.[609] It’s important to remember that since everybody is different, these estimates are just that. How the numbers work out for each person will definitely vary. So many factors—like genetics, hormones, sleep, and diet—can change the rate at which our bodies burn calories. And some people may have a harder time than others when it comes losing fat or gaining muscle—again, there are so many factors at play and our body chemistries are all different. Strength training is important for many, many, many other reasons (more on that later), but if you’re looking to increase your metabolism, it’s important to have realistic expectations and know that strength training can make a difference, but probably won’t drastically affect how many calories you burn from one day to the next. Ancient Greek sculptures also depict lifting feats. The weights were generally stones, but later gave way to dumbbells. The dumbbell was joined by the barbell in the later half of the 19th century. Early barbells had hollow globes that could be filled with sand or lead shot, but by the end of the century these were replaced by the plate-loading barbell commonly used today.[3] I get lost every time I walk into my neighborhood GNC… the people who work there know their stuff, but nobody knows my body better than me and that’s where it all falls apart, but I’m working on that. I agree, I rather have grass-fed and more natural options as opposed to anything containing GMO in the products… The point is to become healthier, not go the other way…. But I also don’t want to get too much soy in my diet either… My wife is doesn’t want it for me and it’s given me headaches too, so I’m not really one for those. I guess small amounts of soy should be okay, right? Could someone be allergic to soy? There’s tons of other options though and I’m going to have to really look more into these here coz it has everything I’ve been looking for! Thanks for putting this together! Athletic performance. Creatine seems to help improve rowing performance, jumping height, and soccer performance in athletes. But the effect of creatine on sprinting, cycling, or swimming performance varies. The mixed results may relate to the small sizes of the studies, the differences in creatine doses, and differences in test used to measure performance. Creatine does not seem to improve serving ability in tennis players. The use of bodybuilding supplements has risen by ten folds. Gone are the times when bodybuilders worked out and consumed nutritious foods to supplement their body. The effect is pretty clear in both the cases. While professional body builders building a natural body remained in shape even after quitting the gym, people who depended on heavy supplements have been found to only lose the shape but also go through premature ageing. The best thing, however, is to eat proper food and take supplements too, which is what bodybuilders usually do. Here are some pros and cons of using bodybuilding supplements. If you’re exercising at your maximum intensity, your body literally can’t produce enough ATP to keep up. (10) That’s where creatine supplements come in: They can help increase your body’s stores of phosphocreatine (an organic compound of creatine and phosphoric acid that’s stored in your muscle tissue) to produce new ATP during high-intensity exercise. Isometric exercise provides a maximum amount of resistance based on the force output of the muscle, or muscles pitted against one another. This maximum force maximally strengthens the muscles over all of the joint angles at which the isometric exercise occurs. By comparison, weight training also strengthens the muscle throughout the range of motion the joint is trained in, but only maximally at one angle, causing a lesser increase in physical strength at other angles from the initial through terminating joint angle as compared with isometric exercise. In addition, the risk of injury from weights used in weight training is greater than with isometric exercise (no weights), and the risk of asymmetric training is also greater than with isometric exercise of identical opposing muscles. In vitro studies on endothelial cells have noted that the benefits of creatine against atherosclerosis (via immune cell adhesion to the endothelial cell) are blocked with the pharmaceutical ZM241385, a high affintiy adenosine A2A receptor antagonist.[316] This particular receptor subset (A2A rather than other adenosine receptors) and its inhibition are similar to caffeine,[589] suggesting that caffeine may have an inhibitory effect on this mechanism of creatine. Cornelissen, V. A., Defoor, J. G., Stevens, A., Schepers, D., Hespel, P., Decramer, M., Mortelmans, L., Dobbels, F., Vanhaecke, J., Fagard, R. H., and Vanhees, L. Effect of creatine supplementation as a potential adjuvant therapy to exercise training in cardiac patients: a randomized controlled trial. Clin.Rehabil. 2010;24(11):988-999. View abstract. The first thing you need is a weight training program that signals the muscle building process to begin. Research has shown that a well designed program will generate this “signal” via a combination of progressive tension overload (as in, getting stronger over time), metabolic stress (as in, fatiguing the muscle and getting “the pump”), and muscular damage (as in, actual damage to the muscle tissue itself). Although weight training is similar to bodybuilding, they have different objectives. Bodybuilders use weight training to develop their muscles for size, shape, and symmetry regardless of any increase in strength for competition in bodybuilding contests; they train to maximize their muscular size and develop extremely low levels of body fat. In contrast, many weight trainers train to improve their strength and anaerobic endurance while not giving special attention to reducing body fat far below normal. Most typical bodybuilding programs have way too many sets and reps and use the wrong exercises. However, if you lower the total volume, go heavier, and use compound movements as I’ve outlined above, there is nothing wrong with a body-part split for advanced lifters. In fact, it’s often less stressful to the joints than your average upper/lower split. Most experts recommend starting with your larger muscle groups and then proceeding to the smaller muscle groups. The most demanding exercises are those performed by your large muscle groups and you will need your smaller muscles to get the most out of these exercises. But, don't feel limited by that. You can do your exercises in any order you like and changing the order is a great way to challenge yourself in different ways. Under most circumstances, sports drinks do not offer a physiological benefit over water during weight training.[18] However, high-intensity exercise for a continuous duration of at least one hour may require the replenishment of electrolytes which a sports drink may provide.[19] Some may maintain that energy drinks, such as Red Bull that contain caffeine, improve performance in weight training and other physical exercise, but in fact, these energy drinks can cause dehydration, tremors, heat stroke, and heart attack when consumed in excess.[20] 'Sports drinks' that contain simple carbohydrates & water do not cause ill effects, but are most likely unnecessary for the average trainee. More recently, people have been taking pre-workout before working out to increase performance. The main ingredients in these pre-workouts are: beta-alanine, creatine, BCAAs (branched chain amino acids) and caffeine.[21] You’d have to look hard to find a fitness expert who doesn’t recommend taking supplemental protein powder for building muscle. It’s one of the best supplements for building muscle on the market! In addition to serving as a muscle building supplement, protein powder can be the perfect complement to a successful weight loss plan. Studies show that the supplement can prevent loss of muscle mass, helping you lose fat exclusively instead. At the end of the day, you have to focus on how you feel. “Listen to your body,” says Davis. “It tells you when it needs a day off.” As a rule of thumb, take a rest day if your perceived pain is above a seven on a scale of 10, Davis advises. Or, focus on a different body part (say, if your legs are sore, focus on upper-body moves). Can't stop, won't stop—at least, till your next rest day. JAK2 (Janus-Activating Kinase 2) is a novel protein that has been shown to suppress the activity of the creatine transporter CrT in vitro. The effects of JAK2 on CrT are not well-understood in vivo, however. Given that growth hormone activates both c-src (increases CrT activity) and JAK2- which has been found to decrease CrT activity, it is plausible that JAK2 may function as a negative-feedback regulator of creatine uptake. Future research is needed to better understand the role of JAK2 on CrT activity in vivo. In general, muscle content of creatine tends to be elevated to 15-20% above baseline (more than 20mM increase) in response to oral supplementation. People who get a sufficiently high influx of creatine are known as responders.[150][151][152][153] A phenomena known as “creatine nonresponse” occurs when people have less than a 10mM influx of creatine into muscle after prolonged supplementation.[154] Quasi-responders (10-20mM increase) also exist.[154] Nonresponse is thought to explain instances where people do not benefit from creatine supplementation in trials, since some trials that find no significant effect do find one when only investigating people with high creatine responsiveness.[155] There are clear differences between those who respond and those who do not, in regard to physical performance.[156] People who are creatine responsive tend to be younger, have higher muscle mass and type II muscle fiber content, but this has no correlation with dietary protein intake.[154][157] There is a great amount of research published on creatine supplementation; protocols of administration, forms of creatine, as well as potential side effects. Despite this, the mechanisms by which creatine acts in the human body to improve physical and cognitive performance are still not clear. The main objectives of this review are to analyze the more recent findings on the effects and mechanisms of creatine supplementation in sports and health. As a secondary purpose, we will analyze the most recommended protocols of ingestion and its potential side effects. Lifters who follow high-volume or high-intensity resistance-training programs, as many bodybuilders do, may also benefit from carbohydrate intake immediately post-workout. Compared with a placebo, carbohydrates combined with protein immediately post-workout and one hour after a bout of resistance exercise have been shown to increase insulin levels and rates of glycogen resynthesis.[19] Naturo Nitro Creatine Chrome is an interesting choice for bulking. During the bulking process, many athletes lament losing muscle definition and feeling bloated. The magnesium creatine chelate in Naturo Nitro may help to counteract that effect as there’s some evidence that it could potentially improve performance without adding water weight. If you want to bulk but you want to keep definition, this may be worth considering. At the end of the day, yes, strength training does impact your metabolism, but any boost you get will be minimal and completely secondary to all of the other health benefits of strength training. Any change in metabolism or increase in calorie burn will vary widely from person to person, and depends on so many factors: your genetics, eating habits, health conditions, what workout you do that day, how much sleep you’re getting, and even how stressed you are on any given day. But incorporating a couple of strength training sessions into your fitness routine is worth doing no matter what—you’ll feel yourself get stronger, and put yourself in a position to say healthier throughout life. Those are the best, most promising benefits to work for. To do dips, place your hands at shoulder-width apart on a bench, with your body and feet stretched out in front of the bench. Slowly bend your elbows and lower your body down so that your butt nearly touches the floor. Lift back up with your arms to starting position; repeat, doing 3 x 8. If this isn't a high-intensity set for you, increase the resistance by lifting one foot off the floor. The Branched-Chain Amino Acids, BCAAs for short, are leucine, valine and isoleucine. Essentially, its a form of protein powder for muscle gain or other uses. These essential amino acids are not made by the body but are found in foods such as meats, dairy products and legumes. In medicine, BCAAs are used for a number of conditions, however, for many uses, further research is necessary to determine whether or not treatment is effective. Need the motivation to push past your comfort zone and squeeze out one more push-up or bicep curl? Sure, it helps to remember that you’ll get stronger, rock more toned muscles and rev your metabolism, thanks to all that added muscle mass. But if that wasn’t enough, now comes news that all that pump-itude (yes, that’s an SNL reference) has psychological benefits, too. Perform bent over rows to work your back. Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart, about 6 to 10 inches (15–25 cm) behind the barbell or two dumbbells. Bend slightly at the knees but keep your shins vertical. Bend forward at the waist with your spine and head straight. Lift the weight with an overhand grip up to your lower chest or upper abdomen. Lower slowly until your arms are nearly extended, without touching the ground. 3 x 8.[5] Product reviews – Since the effectiveness of products varies based on a wide number of factors, one of the best things to do is read creatine product reviews. The best rated creatine products will have consistently good reviews, meaning a lot of people use that product and would recommend it. However – remember to take reviews with a grain of salt, as there’s a lot of ignorance and misinformation out there. A 2001 study at the University of Texas found that lifters who drank a shake containing amino acids and carbohydrates before working out increased their protein synthesis more than lifters who drank the same shake after exercising. The shake contained 6 grams of essential amino acids — the muscle-building blocks of protein — and 35 grams of carbohydrates. Without a doubt, you can add muscle simply by eating right and lifting weights. But to truly maximize your growth potential, supplements are a requirement. Hence, we've compiled a rundown of the 11 best mass-gain supplements on which to spend your hard-earned cash. They're listed in order of priority, from the absolute most critical, can't-do-without supplements to the less crucial yet still highly effective ingredients for packing on size. The point is to help those on a tight budget decide which supplements to buy. If money is no object, then by all means knock yourself out and use them all as directed. Because after all, as far as we're concerned, you can never have too much muscle.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line757
__label__cc	0.727647	0.272353	Supplementation of creatine at 5g daily alongside rehabilitation (after limb immobilization for two weeks while taking 20g daily) is associated with a preservation in GLUT4 levels, which were reduced during immobilization. During exercise rehabilitation, it increased to 40% above placebo.[330] This study failed to note an increase in GLUT4 in control, despite exercise normally doing so.[331][332] This effect is thought to be the result of the low frequency of activity. Thus, creatine was thought to augment the increase (insignificant due to low exercise) to significant levels.[330] In other studies, creatine was found to increase GLUT by approximately 30% relative to control, but this effect failed to reach statistical significance. This study did not issue an exercise protocol.[207] For several years, research studies have shown that adolescents concerned with both athletics and appearance are taking performance-enhancing supplements. A study by the American Academy of Pediatrics of middle-school and high-school students ages 10 to 18 years found creatine use in all grades 6 through 12. About 5.6% of the study participants and 44% of high-school senior athletes admitted taking creatine. That said, many people experience stomach cramps when they consume creatine monohydrate and it’s possible that taking a creatine with a different pH — usually creatine hydrochloride — can have a different effect on stomach acid and make for a creatine that digests more easily. As far as we know, the easier digestion doesn’t necessarily mean it’s more effective or that you need less of it to achieve the desired result. Beach muscles and Olympic lifts draw more attention. But the many little stabilizer muscles around your shoulders, hips, and midsection — collectively the core — provide a strong foundation. Challenging the stability and mobility of these key muscles with medicine balls, physioballs, mini-bands, and rotational movements (lifting, chopping) pays huge dividends. It raised the question about performance-enhancing drugs. Their murky role in bodybuilding has long shrouded the sport. A 2013 documentary on Heath and Mr. Olympia called “Generation Iron” (a sort of bookend piece to 1977’s “Pumping Iron,” which launched Schwarzenegger and others to fame) called the topic “taboo.” It then insinuated that, of course, bodybuilders competing in top-level contests like Mr. Olympia use steroids. A thermogenic is a broad term for any supplement that the manufacturer claims will cause thermogenesis, resulting in increased body temperature, increased metabolic rate, and consequently an increased rate in the burning of body fat and weight loss. Until 2004 almost every product found in this supplement category comprised the "ECA stack": ephedrine, caffeine and aspirin. However, on February 6, 2004 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the sale of ephedra and its alkaloid, ephedrine, for use in weight loss formulas. Several manufacturers replaced the ephedra component of the "ECA" stack with bitter orange or citrus aurantium (containing synephrine) instead of the ephedrine. Of course, cardio is an important part of fitness too, but the benefits of strength training are major. Strength training helps build muscle, and lean muscle is better at burning calories when the body is at rest, which is important whether you're trying to lose weight or maintain it. It also helps strengthens joints and bones, avoid injury, improve your muscular endurance, and will help you give it your all during your other workouts, whether that means setting a new PR if you're a runner or pushing (and pulling) a little harder with your legs during your favorite indoor cycling class. Chin-Ups. The chin-up is the easiest way to determine someone’s relative strength. If you can knock out sets of bench with your bodyweight but can’t perform at least 5 bodyweight chin-ups then it’s time to re-evaluate your priorities. Chin-ups are an excellent mass builder for the lats, biceps, and upper back so they should take the place of machine variations like lat pulldowns whenever possible. You may be wondering what conditions and medications contraindicate the use of creatine supplements. Creatine is contraindicated in people with kidney insufficiency or kidney disease. If you take diabetes medication, diuretics or acetaminophen, do not take a creatine supplement. Use caution if you regularly consume caffeine while taking a creatine supplement. Overall, if you are healthy and have gotten clearance from your doctor, consider this non-GMO creatine supplement. Carbohydrates provide quick energy in an anaerobic environment (high-intensity exercise), while fats provide sustained energy during periods of high oxygen availability (low-intensity exercise or rest). The breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and ketones produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate). When cells use ATP for energy, this molecule is converted into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Creatine exists in cells to donate a phosphate group (energy) to ADP, turning this molecule back into ATP.[20][21][22][23] Creatine monohydrate is highly regarded as one of the most powerful and all-around best bodybuilding supplements for athletes hoping to make big gains fast. Creatine is one of the go-to supplements for building mass because it maximizes power output, strength, endurance, and overall performance, helping you to crush your fitness goals time and time again. In contrast to the above null effects, ingestion of creatine both before and after a workout (alongside protein and carbohydrate) over 10 weeks seems to promote muscle growth more than the same supplement taken in the morning, farther away from the time of the workout.[386] The benefits of creatine around the workout, relative to other times, have been hypothesized[387] to be related to an upregulation of creatine transport secondary to muscle contraction, a known phenomena.[153] After supplementation of creatine monohydrate (loading phase, followed by 19 weeks maintenance), creatine precursors are decreased by up to 50% (loading) or 30% (maintenance), which suggests a decrease in endogenous creatine synthesis during supplementation.[38] This appears to occur through creatine’s own positive feedback and suppression of the l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase enzyme, the rate-limiting step in creatine synthesis, as levels of intermediates before this stage are typically elevated by up to 75%.[38] Consult your physician and follow all safety instructions before beginning any exercise program or using any supplement or meal replacement product, especially if you have any unique medical conditions or needs. The contents on our website are for informational purposes only, and are not intended to diagnose any medical condition, replace the advice of a healthcare professional, or provide any medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. A typical creatine supplementation protocol of either a loading phase of 20 to 25 g CM/d or 0.3 g CM/kg/d split into 4 to 5 daily intakes of 5 g each have been recommended to quickly saturate creatine stores in the skeletal muscle. However a more moderate protocol where several smaller doses of creatine are ingested along the day (20 intakes of 1 g every 30 min) could be a better approach to get a maximal saturation of the intramuscular creatine store. In order to keep the maximal saturation of body creatine, the loading phase must be followed by a maintenance period of 3-5 g CM/d or 0.03 g CM/kg/d. These strategies appear to be the most efficient way of saturating the muscles and benefitting from CM supplementation. However more recent research has shown CM supplementation at doses of 0.1 g/kg body weight combined with resistance training improves training adaptations at a cellular and sub-cellular level. Creatine retention by the body from supplementation appears to be promoted by about 25% from the simultaneous ingestion of carbohydrate and/or protein mediated through an increase in insulin secretion. This combination would produce a faster saturation rate but has not been shown to have a greater effect on performance. In people with COPD given either glucose placebo (40.7g) or creatine supplementation (5.7g creatine with 35g glucose) thrice daily for two weeks followed by a single dose for ten weeks, supplementation was associated with improvements in muscular strength and endurance, but not cardiovascular exercise potential.[579] A later trial of larger power using a loading phase of 22g creatine with a maintenance phase of 3.76g during rehabilitative exercise failed to replicate the improvements in skeletal muscle performance despite increased body weight seen with creatine,[580] and the failure to improve cardiovascular performance during aerobic exercise seen in both aforementioned studies has been replicated elsewhere after eight weeks supplementation, during which muscular performance was, again, unaffected.[581] Cancel, pause, or adjust your order at any time, hassle free. Your credit card will only be charged when your order ships. The discount applied every time is 15% off. Since it would be weird to subscribe to a kettlebell, the subscriptions and subscription discounts are only for things you'll need often, like supplements, foods, and personal care items. Cornelissen VA, Defoor JG, Stevens A, Schepers D, Hespel P, Decramer M, Mortelmans L, Dobbels F, Vanhaecke J, Fagard RH, Vanhees L. Effect of creatine supplementation as a potential adjuvant therapy to exercise training in cardiac patients: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2010;24:988–999. doi: 10.1177/0269215510367995. [PubMed] [CrossRef] To meet the demands of a high-intensity exercise, such as a sprint, muscles derive their energy from a series of reactions involving adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and creatine. ATP, the amount of which is relatively constant, provides energy when it releases a phosphate molecule and becomes ADP. ATP is regenerated when PCr donates a phosphate molecule that combines with ADP. Stored PCr can fuel the first 4-5 seconds of a sprint, but another fuel source must provide the energy to sustain the activity. Creatine supplements increase the storage of PCr, thus making more ATP available to fuel the working muscles and enable them to work harder before becoming fatigued [1]. In regard to liver fat buildup (steatosis), which is normally associated with reduced availability of S-adenosyl methionine[495][496] and a suppression in expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (PPARα and CPT1), creatine supplementation at 1% of the rat diet alongside a diet that induces fatty liver is able to fully prevent (and nonsignificantly reduce relative to the control given standard diets) the aforementioned changes and the state of steatosis, as well as changes in serum biomarkers (glucose and insulin) that accompany steatosis.[125] If you touch your phone between exercise sets, it better be to set its timer to 30 to 90 seconds. When lifting for hypertrophy, rest periods of 30 to 90 seconds encourage a quick release in muscle-building hormones (including testosterone and human growth hormone) while also making sure that you really, truly fatigue your muscles, according to Fitzgerald. In fact, in one new study comparing the effects of aerobic exercise versus resistance training on the psychological health of obese adolescents, researchers found that people in the resistance group experienced significantly greater self-esteem and perceived strength over four weeks. But what’s most interesting is that the feeling of getting stronger — rather than any measurable gains — was all it took to give them a boost. Using clinically effective doses of potent ingredients, Transparent Labs' StrengthSeries Creatine HMB combines creatine monohydrate with HMB in order to boost strength, lengthen endurance, and reduce fat. Along with the addition of BioPerine, StrengthSeries Creatine HMB is able to increase the rate of absorption and dispersion of this powerful creatine formula. Each serving of Creatine HMB contains 5g of Creatine, 2 g of HMB, and 5mg of BioPerine! Keep Reading » When Katula started his research on whether weight training would improve quality of life for seniors, he realized that many had never even picked up a dumbbell. “They first had to learn how to use these big intimidating weights and machines,” he says. He recalls the story of one woman who protested that she couldn’t do the leg press machine. Finally, Katula persuaded her to sit in the machine and set the weight at 50 pounds. “I couldn’t believe how fast she whipped out 10 reps,” he says, “When she got out of that machine, she was two inches taller just from increased pride.” Gordon, P. H., Cheung, Y. K., Levin, B., Andrews, H., Doorish, C., Macarthur, R. B., Montes, J., Bednarz, K., Florence, J., Rowin, J., Boylan, K., Mozaffar, T., Tandan, R., Mitsumoto, H., Kelvin, E. A., Chapin, J., Bedlack, R., Rivner, M., McCluskey, L. F., Pestronk, A., Graves, M., Sorenson, E. J., Barohn, R. J., Belsh, J. M., Lou, J. S., Levine, T., Saperstein, D., Miller, R. G., and Scelsa, S. N. A novel, efficient, randomized selection trial comparing combinations of drug therapy for ALS. Amyotroph.Lateral.Scler. 2008;9(4):212-222. View abstract. The two workouts listed above are completely free and highly recommended. If, however, you’re looking for additional workouts, my book – Superior Muscle Growth – contains ALL of the muscle building routines that I’ve personally used and designed for others (11 different workouts, 40+ different versions). Feel free to check it out to learn more about what’s included. Do standard/oblique crunches. Lie down on a mat and position both arms behind your head without locking the hands. Bend your knees so that your feet are flat on the ground. Pushing the small of your back into the ground, slowly roll your shoulders off the ground only a couple of inches (not to a full sitting position). Don't use your momentum to help you up; use slow, regulated movements. Repeat 3 x 20. "Start with two days for two to three weeks, then add a third day," says Davis."Ideally, you should strength train three to five days per week, but work your way up—starting off at five days a week might shock your body." Here's a comprehensive three-day-per-week plan to get you started. Aim to complete 20-minute sessions, then gradually add on time in ten-minute increments until you're working for 45 to 60 minutes, suggests Davis. In a pilot study on youth with cystic fibrosis, supplementation of creatine at 12g for a week and 6g for eleven weeks afterward was associated with a time-dependent increase in maximal isometric strength reaching 14.3%, which was maintained after 12-24 weeks of supplement cessation (18.2% higher than baseline).[485] This study noted that more patients reported an increase in wellbeing (9 subjects, 50%) rather than a decrease (3, 17%) or nothing (6, 33%) and that there was no influence on chest or lung symptoms.[485] Of the three, protein will of course play the most important role in the muscle building process (like calories, it’s one our required “supplies”), although fat and carbs will still be important for other reasons which range from optimizing hormone production (e.g. testosterone, the muscle building hormone) to enhancing training performance and recovery. Using too much weight, too soon; always start lower than your expected ability and work your way up that first workout. If your form suffers, you are swinging the weight, or using momentum, this indicates you may be using too much weight. Greater momentum increases the potential for injury and reduces the effectiveness to the muscle group being targeted. Cornelissen et al [80] analyzed the effects of 1 week loading protocol (3 X 5 g/d CM) followed by a 3 month maintenance period (5 g/d) on cardiac patients involved in an endurance and resistance training program. Although CM supplementation did not significantly enhance performance, markers of renal and liver function were within normal ranges indicating the safety of the applied creatine supplementation protocol. ^ "The History of Weightlifting". USA Weightlifting. United States Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 7 July 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2018. The genealogy of lifting traces back to the beginning of recorded history where man's fascination with physical prowess can be found among numerous ancient writings. A 5,000-year-old Chinese text tells of prospective soldiers having to pass lifting tests. Taking creatine supplements may increase the amount of creatine in the muscles. Muscles may be able to generate more energy or generate energy at a faster rate. Some people think that taking creatine supplements along with training will improve performance by providing quick bursts of intense energy for activities such as sprinting and weightlifting. 2-4 Minutes Rest: Ideal for “tension exercises,” which includes most primary compound exercises. I personally take 3 minutes for the big stuff, sometimes going into the 3-4 minute range depending on exactly what I’m doing and what I feel like I need at the time. Since making strength gains is the main focus of these exercises, longer rest periods like this will be optimal for making it happen. If you are doing this on your own, but are overwhelmed and confused about strength training, I know how that feels. It can be scary enough to keep MOST people from starting, which is actually why we created our 1-on-1 Coaching Program. Our coach gets to know you, builds a program based on your experience and goals, will check your form on each movement (via video), and keep you accountable and on track! In addition to the BBB, SLC6A8 is also expressed on neurons and oligodendrocytes,[192] but is relatively absent from astrocytes, including the astrocytic feet[193][194] which line 98% of the BBB.[195] Creatine can still be transported into astrocytes (as well as cerebellar granule cells) via SLC6A8, as incubation with an SLC6A8 inhibitor prevents accumulation in vitro. It seems to be less active in a whole brain model, relative to other brain cells.[196] Make no mistake: Eating for muscle is just as important as lifting for muscle. The foods you grab in the morning on the way to work, the meals you pack for lunch and mid-afternoon, what you put into your body immediately following your workout, and your final meal of the day impact your results as much as, if not more than, the number of reps you squeeze out at the end of a set. But in reality, it can be tough to stick to a "clean" diet when you're busy. We know that adding another layer of complexity to life in the form of reading food labels and studying ingredient lists just isn't an option for most of us. Not to mention actually preparing all those healthy meals. We can all pile on the pounds, just stay in the fast food lane, but it’s a nutrient-dense healthy diet, that will promote lean muscle development and size. In truth, muscular growth and building that brick house frame, can be harder to achieve than losing weight, and very frustrating. But we are here to help - follow our top 8 tips and you'll pack on lean muscle and size far more easily and be well on your way to achieving that physique you want. Creatine is most commonly found in the basic form of creatine monohydrate, which is the standard form and usually recommended due to the low price. It can also be micronized to improve water solubility, or the monohydrate can be temporarily removed to concentrate creatine in a small volume supplement. Neither alteration changes the properties of creatine. However, a much more accurate determination of how much fluid is necessary can be made by performing appropriate weight measurements before and after a typical exercise session, to determine how much fluid is lost during the workout. The greatest source of fluid loss during exercise is through perspiration, but as long as your fluid intake is roughly equivalent to your rate of perspiration, hydration levels will be maintained.[14] We’re so confident that you’re going to love our supplements that we offer a 30-day guarantee. If you have any questions about any of our products, please don’t hesitate to call our friendly experts at (512) 394-7995, or feel free to email us at [email protected] The right supplements can make a tremendous difference in your workouts, so don’t wait to get started. Shop the best bodybuilding supplements at Bare Performance Nutrition now.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line758
__label__cc	0.655105	0.344895	This suppression of creatine synthesis is thought to actually be beneficial, since creatine synthesis requires s-adenosyl methionine as a cofactor and may use up to 40-50% of SAMe for methylation[35][36][122] (initially thought to be above 70%, but this has since been re-evaluated[122]) though the expected preservation of SAMe may not occur with supplementation.[487] Reduced creatine synthesis, via preserving methyl groups and trimethylglycine (which would normally be used up to synthesize SAMe), is also thought to suppress homocysteine levels in serum,[37] but this may also not occur to a practical level following supplementation.[487] Cyclocreatine appears to be passively diffused through membranes and not subject to the creatine transporter, which can be beneficial for cases where creatine transporter function is compromised (creatine non-response and SLG6A8 deficiency). Similar to other forms of creatine, it buffers ATP concentrations, although its efficacy as a supplement in otherwise healthy people is currently unknown. In the United States, the manufacturers of dietary supplements do not need to provide the Food and Drug Administration with evidence of product safety prior to marketing.[8] As a result, the incidence of products adulterated with illegal ingredients has continued to rise.[8] In 2013, one-third of the supplements tested were adulterated with unlisted steroids.[9] More recently, the prevalence of designer steroids with unknown safety and pharmacological effects has increased.[10][11] So it was popular then, but is it effective now? Just because something is popular doesn’t mean it works. In the case of creatine supplementation, however, you can be confident that increased muscle strength and less fatigue is possible. All thanks to a critical chemical reaction taking place in your muscle cells. Read on and learn how creatine works and why it lives up to that nostalgic ‘90s hype. Carducci, C., Birarelli, M., Leuzzi, V., Carducci, C., Battini, R., Cioni, G., and Antonozzi, I. Guanidinoacetate and creatine plus creatinine assessment in physiologic fluids: an effective diagnostic tool for the biochemical diagnosis of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiencies. Clin Chem 2002;48:1772-1778. View abstract. What are the benefits of konjac? Konjac is a plant with a starchy root, or corm. This corm is used in dietary supplements and in the production of jellies and flour. Find out more about the potential health benefits of konjac, including managing diabetes, reducing cholesterol, and treating constipation. Get some tips, too, on how to use it safely. Read now Green tea offers many health benefits, such as inhibition of cardiovascular disease and cancer. It also has some mild thermogenic effects, independent of its caffeine content, that may assist fat loss. Some studies even show that green tea offers protection against joint degeneration. If you don't have the time or inclination to drink several cups of green tea daily, you can get the same or better effects by using standardized capsules or tablets of green tea. Weight gain might be the most common side effect. “Creatine can cause your body to hold on to water by pulling fluid into your cells via osmosis,” says Bates. “It doesn't necessarily cause you to gain weight as fat, but it can increase edema, or water weight.” Also, muscle is denser than fat, so in some cases building muscle can increase body weight overall (even if you’re simultaneously burning fat). Foundational supplements are often overlooked for building muscle, because they work behind the scenes. In actuality, foundational supplements are important to take for building muscle, because they assist with overall health and wellness and contribute to the effectiveness of other muscle building supplements.* Some of the top foundational supplements are: ^ Jump up to: a b c Brioche T, Pagano AF, Py G, Chopard A (April 2016). "Muscle wasting and aging: Experimental models, fatty infiltrations, and prevention". Mol. Aspects Med. 50: 56–87. doi:10.1016/j.mam.2016.04.006. PMID 27106402. In conclusion, HMB treatment clearly appears to be a safe potent strategy against sarcopenia, and more generally against muscle wasting, because HMB improves muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. It seems that HMB is able to act on three of the four major mechanisms involved in muscle deconditioning (protein turnover, apoptosis, and the regenerative process), whereas it is hypothesized to strongly affect the fourth (mitochondrial dynamics and functions). Moreover, HMB is cheap (~30– 50 US dollars per month at 3 g per day) and may prevent osteopenia (Bruckbauer and Zemel, 2013; Tatara, 2009; Tatara et al., 2007, 2008, 2012) and decrease cardiovascular risks (Nissen et al., 2000). For all these reasons, HMB should be routinely used in muscle-wasting conditions especially in aged people. ... 3 g of CaHMB taken three times a day (1 g each time) is the optimal posology, which allows for continual bioavailability of HMB in the body (Wilson et al., 2013). Supplementation of creatine at 20g daily for a loading phase, followed by 10g daily for eight weeks in healthy volunteers resulted in a 23% reduction of triglycerides, which remained lower than baseline for four weeks after supplementation ceased, [321] while vLDL (the lipid particle which carries most of the triglyerides. which TMG causes to be released from the liver) was also reduced by 22% in this study.[321] After your standard whey protein powder, creatine may be the most popular sports supplement on Earth, and with good reason. A lot of supplements out there have a few promising studies suggesting they may improve some aspect of performance. Creatine has hundreds of them, and study after study has shown that among most people (a small percentage of are non-responders) it can have a significant effect on several areas of performance. Macrophages are known to express creatine kinase[290] and take creatine up from a medium through a sodium dependent mechanism (likely the creatine transporter) in a saturable manner,[435] with a second component that requires there to be no concentration gradient to work against (likely passive diffusion) but this effect tends to only account for up to 10% of total uptake in the physiological range (20-60µM).[435] Supraphysiological range was not tested. 1. Train each muscle group twice per week. To maximize muscle growth, plan to train every major muscle group at least twice per week. According to a 2016 Sports Medicine review, even if you don't work that muscle any harder or longer, by simply dividing your chest, leg or back workout into two days, you'll spur more muscle growth. While the jury is still out on whether training each muscle group three days per week is better than two at spurring hypertrophy, it is likely better suited toward experienced lifters than beginners, Matheny says. Perform the two workouts (Day 1 and 2) once each per week, resting at least a day between each. Perform the exercises marked with letters as a group. Do one set of A, rest, then one set of B, rest (note that some groups have an exercise “C”), and repeat until all sets are complete. Then go on to the next group. Perform three sets of 8–10 reps for each exercise. After a month, you’ll see how rewarding just a months in the gym can be. It's OK to be a little sore. Your muscles might feel achy or tired the day after a tough training session thanks to DOMS, or delayed onset muscle soreness. When you strength train you're causing microscopic damage to the tissue that will be repaired, that's how you build stronger lean muscle. Speaking of repair and recovery, though, rest days are important. "If you constantly break down muscle without a recovery period, you won’t give the muscle fibers a chance to repair and build back stronger,” explains Davis. When it comes to building muscle, your body only knows or cares about the tension, fatigue and damage an exercise is generating… not the type of equipment you were using when performing that exercise. It really couldn’t give the slightest crap about that. For this reason, ALL types of exercises and ALL types of equipment are capable of stimulating muscle growth. Creatine transport has been shown to increase when muscle creatine stores are depleted. This was only noted to occur in muscle with particular fiber types (soleus and red gastrocnemius), while other fiber types, such as white grastrocnemius, did not show any clear trend.[146] This indicates that transport in relation to total creatine levels varies across different muscle fiber types. Prevents disease and degenerative conditions: Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women; Strength training helps correct issues relating to cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and inactivity – all factors for heart disease. Cardiologists are even starting to recommend strength training for people who have suffered a heart attack as little as three weeks after the attack. Who knows, maybe one day your cardiologist will tell you to do some “cardio” and he’ll be referring to strength training! Who makes it: Creapure HMB is made by Transparent Labs, one of the best companies in the sports nutrition industry. Transparent labs is all about, well, transparency! They always clearly list everything that goes into their products. They use pure, simple, and clinically proven ingredients to create products that get real results. Instead of relying on marketing gimmicks to sell their products, Transparent Labs relies on proven science and word-of-mouth. Transparent Labs has grown their business by providing the one ingredient seldom found in sports nutrition products: honesty. Creatine is marketed as "nature's muscle builder" and "the most legitimate sports supplement around." Professional and amateur athletes alike are gobbling up this alleged ergogenic aid, hoping to increase their strength and performance. Creatine supplementation is claimed to increase muscle power by playing a role in the transfer of energy to help the muscle contract. Supplement labels state that "creatine is converted to phosphocreatine, which is important for short energy bursts such as sprinting and weight lifting" and that "depletion of phosphocreatine can result in muscle fatigue and fading muscle power." Claims are also made that supplementation increases muscle body mass. After all, you’ve probably seen the countless workouts, diets, supplements, programs, products and people claiming that super fast muscle growth is possible. You’ve probably also seen the click-bait headlines (“How To Build 20lbs Of Muscle In Just 6 Weeks!”) and the unbelievable transformations of supposedly “natural” people (bodybuilders, celebrities, athletes, fitness gurus on social media, etc.) that clearly prove it can happen faster than this.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line759
__label__wiki	0.804204	0.804204	Documents filtered by: Author="Jefferson, Thomas" AND Recipient="Washington, George" AND Period="Washington Presidency" From Thomas Jefferson to George Washington, [1 April 1790] To George Washington [1 Apr. 1790] Th: Jefferson has the honor to inform the President that Mr. Madison has just delivered to him the result of his reflections on the question How shall communications from the several states to Congress through the channel of the President be made? ‘He thinks that in no case would it be proper to go by way of letter from the Secretary of state: that they should be delivered to the houses either by the Secretary of state in person or by Mr. Leir.1 He supposes a useful division of the office might be made between these two, by employing the one where a matter of fact alone is to be communicated, or a paper delivered &c. in the ordinary course of things and where nothing is required by the President; and using the agency of the other where the President chuses to recommend any measure to the legislature and to attract their attention to it.’ The President will be pleased to order in this what he thinks best. T. Jefferson supposes that whatever may be done for the present, the final arrangement of business should be considered as open to alteration hereafter. The government is as yet so young, that cases enough have not occurred to enable a division of them into classes, and the distribution of these classes to the persons whose agency would be the properest. He sends some letters for the President’s perusal praying him to alter freely any thing in them which he thinks may need it. RC (DNA: RG 59, MLR); docketed by a clerk: “The Secy. of State Upon the mode of sending communications from the President to both Houses, April 1st. 1790.” FC (DNA: RG 59, SDC). Enclosures: Not identified. Madison’s opinion, quoted in part at least in the above, has not been found and is not recorded in SJL. TJ’s request for Madison’s opinion was made at Washington’s suggestion (TJ to Madison, at end of Mch. 1790)—another of the many indications that at this time Madison stood closer to Washington than any other member of Congress. It is significant also that Washington’s first request for an opinion from his new secretary of state was concerned with matters of form and made of TJ himself a sort of channel of communication between the president and Madison. Most of the communications from governors of states during this session were reports of legislative actions on the proposed amendments to the constitution. Before TJ arrived in New York, these communications were delivered in person by the president’s secretary, Tobias Lear, to the senate and house of representatives. This was the practice that was subsequently continued, an arrangement perhaps as pleasing to Lear, who liked form, as to TJ who did not (Annals description begins Annals of the Congress of the United States: The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States … Compiled from Authentic Materials by Joseph Gales, Senior, Washington, Gales & Seaton, 1834–56, 42 vols. The edition employed here is that which contains the running heads on verso and recto pages respectively: “Gales & Seatons History” and “of Debates in Congress.” Another printing, with the same title-page but with running heads on both recto and verso pages reading “History of Congress,” has a different pagination, so that pages cited in the edition employed here should be converted by subtracting approximately fifty-two from the number given in the citation. All editions are undependable. description ends , i, 972, 976, 977, 978, 984, 989, 992, 997, 1018, 1024, 1026, 1088, 1114, 1141, 1143). Washington raised no question about the transmittal of communications other than those originating with the states of the union, thus implying that he may have been aware that some preferential distinction was expected or would be welcomed. Lear’s continuing to be the channel for transmitting, without distinction as to origin, messages concerning individuals, Indian tribes, states, and foreign nations was thus a muting, in however slight a degree, of the exaggerated emphasis upon state sovereignty under the former government. For Washington the matter was complicated by the feelings engendered at the previous session of Congress over the mode of communication “proper to be pursued between [the president] and the Senate in the formation of treaties and making appointments to office” and also by the “undue emphasis” that Washington at this time placed upon ceremonial matters (Freeman, Washington description begins Douglas Southall Freeman, George Washington, N.Y., 1948–1957, 7 vols. description ends , vi, 222). Washington had also made it plain in his manner of handling Governor Hancock’s invitation to dinner and in other incidents that, in every punctilio, he would insist that the primacy of the office of president be recognized (same, p. 244–5). It was equally characteristic of TJ that he should have placed less emphasis upon form and upon the dangers of setting precedents, and that he should have looked to the time when enough cases should multiply to make possible a distribution into classes. In brief, TJ aproached his new task with a characteristic desire for flexibility and for the introduction of system. It was symbolic of his attitude toward the office that one of the first purchases made by him for the department was a copying press. It was also in perfect keeping with his approach to business that he should have outlined to Washington in his first interview the matters of foreign policy that he considered of the first importance. Washington, respecting substance as well as form, carefully noted in his diary the cardinal points of TJ’s program: “First with respect to our Captives in Algiers, in which, after detailing their situation—the measures he [Jefferson] had taken for their relief—and the train in which the business was in by means of a Genl.———who is at the head of a religious society in France … it was concluded between us, that it had better remain in that train a while longer,—this person had been authorized to go as far as £150 Sterlg. each, for the ransom of our Captives; but the Algerines demanding a much larger sum it was conceived that acceding to it might establish a precedent which would always operate and be very burthensome if yielded to: and become a much stronger inducement to captivate our People than they now have, as it is more for the sake of the Ransom than for the labour, that they make Slaves of the Prisoners. Mr. Short was to be written to on this subject and directed to make enquiry” of the general and of his expectations of redemption. (2) “He is of opinion, that excepting the Court of France, there is no occasion to employ higher grades in the Diplomatic line than Chargé des Affaires: and that these, by the respectability of their appointments, had better be at the head of their grade, than Ministers Plenipotentiaries by low salaries at the foot of theirs. The reason of the distinction, in favor of a Minister Plenipo’ at Versailles, is, that there are more Ambassadors at that Court than any other and therefore that we ought in some measure to approximate our Representative—and besides, its being a Court with which we have much to do.” (3) Then, “With respect to the appointment of Consuls he refers to a letter on the nature of this business—the places where necessary—and the characters best entitled to appointments which he had written on the subject, while in France, to the Secretary of Foreign Affairs,” dated 18 Nov. 1788. (4) “That it might be advisable to direct Mr. Carmichael to Sound the Spanish Ministry with respect to the obstacles which had hitherto impeded a Commercial Treaty, to see if there was any disposition in them to relax in their Territorial claims and exclusive right to the Navigation of River Mississippi” (Washington, Diaries, ed. Fitzpatrick, iv, 106–8; Washington had received TJ first on Sunday at one o’clock, then conversed with him on Monday “for more than hour … on business relative to the duties of his office,” and on Wednesday, 23 Mch. 1790, had the conversation recorded above).—At one of these early conferences with Washington, TJ gave to Washington copies of the medals authorized by Congress commemorating the actions at Stony Point and Cowpens and on 25 Mch. 1790 Washington transmitted these to Anthony Wayne, Stephen Stewart (father of John Stewart), Daniel Morgan, John E. Howard, and William Washington (FC cf Washington’s letters of transmittal in DNA: RG 59, MLR; those to Stewart and Wayne are printed in Writings, ed. Fitzpatrick, xxxi, 27). 1. Thus in RC; in FC the copyist corrected TJ’s misspelling of Tobias Lear’s name. “From Thomas Jefferson to George Washington, [1 April 1790],” Founders Online, National Archives, accessed April 11, 2019, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-16-02-0158. [Original source: The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 16, 30 November 1789–4 July 1790, ed. Julian P. Boyd. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961, pp. 287–289.] From Jefferson to Washington [26 March 1790] From Jefferson to Washington [5 April 1790] All correspondence between Jefferson and Washington	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line761
__label__wiki	0.708977	0.708977	George Washington Papers From George Washington to Capt. Henry Lee, 31 October 1777 [letter not found] Letter not found: to Capt. Henry Lee, Jr., c.31 Oct. 1777. Lee’s letter to GW of 31 Oct. is docketed in part “Ansd.” https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-12-02-0061 Note: The annotations to this document, and any other modern editorial content, are copyright © The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia. All rights reserved. Washington Papers Lee, Henry Jr. “From George Washington to Capt. Henry Lee, 31 October 1777 [letter not found],” Founders Online, National Archives, accessed April 11, 2019, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-12-02-0061. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, vol. 12, 26 October 1777 – 25 December 1777, ed. Frank E. Grizzard, Jr. and David R. Hoth. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2002, p. 68.] From Lee to Washington [31 October 1777] From Lee to Washington [3 November 1777] All correspondence between Lee and Washington	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line762
__label__wiki	0.815538	0.815538	Posted 10:38 AM, June 6, 2019, by CNN Wire The number of cases of measles in the United States this year has surpassed 1,000, the US Department of Health and Human Services said Wednesday. The agency said there have been 1,001 cases so far this year. That’s 20 more cases than the US Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention reported on Monday in its weekly national update. This year, which is barely half over, has the greatest number of cases in a single year in nearly three decades. “The Department of Health and Human Services has been deeply engaged in promoting the safety and effectiveness of vaccines, amid concerning signs that there are pockets of undervaccination around the country,” said US Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar said in a statement. “The 1,000th case of a preventable disease like measles is a troubling reminder of how important that work is to the public health of the nation,” Azar continued. The number of cases this year is the highest since 1992 when there were 2,237 cases of the highly contagious illness reported in the United States. It’s the highest number of cases in a single year since it was eliminated nationwide in 2000, meaning it was no longer continuously transmitted in the country. Vaccine religious exemption vote postponed for DPH additional input Cases have been reported in more than half of US states. New York has been the largest contributor to this year’s unfortunate milestone with nearly 700 cases of measles reported this year in the state. Most of those cases have been in Orthodox Jewish communities In Brooklyn and Queens with low vaccination rates. The New York City Health Department reported that as of June 3 there had been 566 confirmed cases in those areas since September. Clark County in Washington state had the second-largest outbreak in the US this year with more than 70 cases reported. Highly contagious Measles is one of the most highly contagious diseases in existence, spreading through coughing and sneezing, and can linger in the air for up to two hours. If someone who is not immune to the virus breathes the air or touches an infected surface, they can become infected, according to the CDC. Once a person has measles, about 90% of close contacts who are susceptible to it will develop the disease. Early on, measles can be confused for other viral illnesses such as the flu. But the red blotchy rash that comes with it may help set it apart. The virus often manifests as a combination of high fever — as high as 105 degrees Fahrenheit — along with cough, runny nose and pink eye, according to Dr. Julia S. Sammons, a pediatric infectious disease specialist and medical director of the Department of Infection Prevention and Control at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Vote to eliminate vaccine religious exemption may also impact daycares and nursing homes To protect yourself, doctors recommend immediate vaccination. Other steps: wash hands often or using sanitizer, avoid touching your eyes and mouth, disinfect surfaces and toys with standard household products, and refrain from coming into close contact or sharing silverware with anyone who’s sick. And if you have to cough or sneeze, use your sleeve or a tissue — but not your hands, the CDC says. Summer surge? The cases in the Unites States have been imported from international travel. Local outbreaks begin when the highly contagious illness spreads to those who are not immune to the virus due to a lack of vaccination. With the busy summer travel season just about to get underway there’s concern about continued importation of measles among vacationers. In his statement, Azar noted that the CDC has implemented an internal management structure to respond to the outbreaks, created toolkits to address vaccine hesitancy, and reached out to rabbinical and other associations with credible vaccine information. “We cannot say this enough: Vaccines are a safe and highly effective public health tool that can prevent this disease and end the current outbreak,” Azar said. “The measles vaccine is among the most-studied medical products we have and is given safely to millions of children and adults each year. I encourage all Americans to talk to your doctor about what vaccines are recommended to protect you, your family, and your community from measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases.” Political leaders poised to use vaccine data to call for vote on vaccine religious exemptions Topics: cdc, Health, measles U.S. measles outbreak is largest since disease was declared eliminated in 2000 WHO warns over spread of measles in Europe as 34,000 cases reported in 2 months Amid measles outbreak, New York ends religious exemptions for vaccines Israeli flight attendant in coma after getting measles New York City declares health emergency, orders mandatory vaccinations Judge stops NY county from barring unvaccinated minors in public places as measles outbreak continues Just how likely is a Measles outbreak in Connecticut? Department of public health to make school immunization rates public for first time U.S. measles cases at second highest since disease was eliminated in 2000 Cruise ship quarantined over measles reportedly owned by the Church of Scientology 3rd case of measles reported in state; case tied to ones in NY Two separate jails have reported mumps outbreaks requiring quarantines this week NYC threatens $1,000 fines for unvaccinated residents in neighborhood hit by measles outbreak	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line764
__label__wiki	0.863749	0.863749	Saturday Night Cinema: We The Living (1942) By Pamela Geller - on August 11, 2018 Saturday Night Cinema Tonight’s Saturday Night Cinema classic is the little-known masterpiece: Ayn Rand’s We The Living. This film is, by far, the very best version of Ayn Rand’s work. Sadly, there are hardly enough attempts made at Rand’s worl. One thinks first, of course, of The Fountainhead, starring Gary Cooper, which was a fair pass. But Holzer’s We the Living is magnificent. “It’s a curse, you know, to be able to look higher than you’re allowed to reach.” ― Ayn Rand, We the Living Explaining the autobiographical nature of We The Living , Ayn Rand wrote that “it is not an autobiography in the literal, but only in the intellectual, sense. The plot is invented; the background is not. . . . I was born in Russia, I was educated under the Soviets, I have seen the conditions of existence that I describe. . . . The specific events of Kira’s life were not mine; her ideas, her convictions, her values were and are.” The time is the Russian Revolution. The place is a country burdened with fear – the midnight knock at the door, the bread hidden against famine, the haunted eyes of the fleeing, the grublike fat of the appeasers and oppressors. In a bitter struggle of the individual against the collective, three people stand forth with the mark of the unconquered in their bearing: Kira, who wants to be a builder, and the two men who love her – Leo, an aristocrat, and Andrei, a Communist. In their tensely dramatic story, Ayn Rand shows what the theories of Communism mean in practice. We the Living is not a story of politics but of the men and women who have to struggle for existence behind the Red banners and slogans. It is a picture of what dictatorship – of any kind – does to human beings, what kind of men are able to survive, and which of them remain as the ultimate winners. What happens to the defiant ones? What happens to those who succumb? Who are the winners in this conflict? Against a vivid panorama of political revolution and personal revolt, Ayn Rand offers an answer that challenges the modern conscience. … Written by The Publisher of “We the Living” The story behind the film is almost as interesting as the film itself. The Banned, Lost, Rediscovered… It was made illegally, suppressed by a hostile government, cheered and honored, then banned at the height of its success and forgotten for decades. But, today, the film version of Ayn Rand’s WE THE LIVING is back on the screen. The story behind the making of WE THE LIVING, in Italy, in 1942, is almost as interesting as the movie itself. Goffredo Alessandrini, one of Italy’s leading directors had been searching for a drama of epic proportions, and WE THE LIVING, a recent best-seller in war-torn Italy, fit the bill perfectly. The struggle of a young woman to live her own life despite being trapped in a state-controlled society, was a story that moviegoers could easily relate to in Facist-run Italy. But Rand’s novel was considered a political hot potato by Fascist authorities in Rome and was approved for filming only via the personal intervention of the son of dictator Benito Mussolini. Alessandrini and his young associate director, Anton Majano, knew that while WE THE LIVING touched on volitile political issues, they hoped they would be safe from repercussions because of the story’s harshly negative portrayal of Communist Russia –Italy’s wartime enemy. Scalera Films, the studio that was producing the film, was considered by some to be the best, most efficient producing company that ever existed in Italy. Ordinarily, the first order of business would be for Scalera to secure the movie rights from Ayn Rand. But with the war on, negotiations with an American author were out of the question. The solution was simple, but certainly not elegant. They stole it. “It was actually a cheat and a fraud,” said Majano many years later. “Because of the war we couldn’t buy the rights. The Fascist Ministry of Culture set up a special law, as far as negotiations for rights, copyrights, or anything else, with enemy countries: Do what you have to do. Do the film, take the book, use it, we’ll worry about it later.” So WE THE LIVING, a story that Ayn Rand described “as close to an autobiography as I will ever write,” was put into production in early 1942 without permission from the author and without compensation to her – without even her knowledge. Cast in the leading roles were three of Italy’s top box-offices attractions: 38-year-old Fosco Giachetti, a star of such magnitude that his casting was unquestioned, in the role of Andrei. 21-vear-old Alida Valli, already a major star in Italy, won the coveted role of Kira. And 22-year-old Rossano Brazzi, in only his second movie, played Leo. “The character of Leo – I loved it”, says Brazzi, “I loved it because he was a nice good son-of-a-bitch! And he was really the aristocratic man that I think was at that time in Russia. But there were three wonderful roles – three beautiful roles”. Two prominent Italian novelists, Corrado Aluaro and Ono Vergani, were hired to convert the best-selling book into a script – this, despite the fact that they had no motion picture background. Alessandrini and Majano returned from location on another film just before WE THE LIVING was scheduled to start shooting. “We came back and found the script was a mess!”, remembers Majano. “When important writers turn to the cinema they think it’s a game. They had Kira become a ballerina! [Editor’s note: In Rand’s novel, Kira was studying to be an engineer] We threw it out and started from scratch. But we were due to start the film. We had the shooting schedule all set, the actors all lined up, we had to begin – absolutely!” Once again, the solution was simple. According to Brazzi: “We made the picture without a script – just following the book. Majano and Alessandrini wrote the day before, what we were going to do the day after.” Working this way forced the writers to be far more faithful to the novel than is typical in book-to-movie adaptations. “It was quite difficult to change all but a few, small little things”, says Brazzi, “Not the conception of the story.” As WE THE LIVING got underway in early 1942, location permits were just about impossible to get because of the war. So every thing was built from scratch on the Scalera Films sound stages. Crowded Red Square, a deserted garden, a ship’s deck, a train station, even a snow covered street scene with horse-drawn sleigh – every set was a painstaking recreation by scenic artists, designers, and special effects technicians. Authenticity was enhanced by the fact that the production designers were Russian-born. Brazzi recalls: “We were working 12,13,14 hours a day and there was a lot of perspiration because inside it was a hundred degrees and you had to show the people you were cold. It was a terrible job for the make-up men, the perspiration.” While shooting progressed Majano had the near-impossible double duty of writing the dialogue for the next day’s shooting and, in his role as Associate Director, keeping the production running smoothly. “As extras, we had almost the entire community of White Russians in exile living then in Rome”, recalled Majano, “Among them were countesses, counts, and Russian nobility. The first day they arrived on the set, the production person was shouting at them, ‘Come on, get over here! Stand there! Take off your watch! Get the smile off your face’, and all that, and they were countesses and princes! I went over to the production man and said, ‘I’ll handle these people, because I realized who they were. I was kissing their hands and saying ‘Would you mind moving over there?” Several weeks into the production, Alessandrini and Majano realized that, working without a complete script, they were inadvertently shooting more material than could possibly fit into one film. So they went to the head of Scalera Films and told him it would be a pity to throw all this good material away – why not make it into two films? They would be released as separate movies entitled, NOI VIVI (WE THE LIVING) and ADDIO KIRA (GOODBY KIRA). It was a risky and unconventional approach. The studio reluctantly went along – but only if the decision was kept secret. “Thev had made a contract with the actors for one film”. Majano recalled, “so the head of the studio said, We have to keep it a secret that we’re going to release it as two films, because if the actors find out they’re going to want to be paid double.’ But, obviously, none of the three were fools, and as they kept filming and filming, they said, ‘How long is this film, anyway!’ And they were told, ‘It’s running a bit long, but don’t worry about it.’ Somebody in the cutting room finally tipped off the actors. So they went to Scalera for more money and he said no. Alida was so furious she walked out and started work on another film. So they had to get her back. They finally made a settlement with the actors but it wasn’t for the full amount The tough shooting schedule got even worse after it was decided that WE THE LIVING would premiere at the Venice Film Festival – just a few month away. “Sometimes we started at 8:30 in the morning and didn’t finish till 11 or 11:30 at night”, said Brazzi. “We were working 14 hours a day. One day, we left, Alida and myself, we ran away from the studio – they couldn’t find us for two days. They kept calling my house. To work 10 hours a day is enough! Not 14. So we established regular hours.” During the filming, the Fascist Ministry of Culture made the first of several efforts to suppress WE THE LIVING. One morning an official showed up on the set. “He said there was to be a screening that night, at nine o’clock, at the Ministry, and they wanted to see everything that had been shot so far”, Majano remembers. “We rushed to the editing room and spent all day cutting out the dangerous scenes – all the anti-Fascist scenes – for that screening. That night it looked like an inquisition. They kept asking, ‘Is that all there is? Is that it?” The two scenes, which were promptly put back the next day, were the climactic scene in which Andrei renounces his life of servitude to the Communist cause, and – surprisingly – the scene where Leo, while job-hunting, encounters the all-too-familiar Catch-22 of ‘No job, no union card – No union card, no job.’ The movie opened in Rome and was a huge box-office success. But before long, the film came to be viewed as a sly indictment of the Mussolini regime. In addition, the portrayal of an intelligent, sexually independent heroine, groundbreaking for its time, was viewed as controversial. The film was banned by the Italian government and ordered to be destroyed. But Massimo Ferrara, the studio chief for Scalera Films, hid the original negatives with a trusted friend and sent the negatives of another Scalera production to authorities for destruction! After the war, efforts to rerelease the film were ended when Rand declined to grant the necessary literary rights. By the early 1950’s Scalera Films had gone out of business and We the living had dropped from sight. Although Ayn Rand’s novel WE THE LIVING had been a best seller for over 40 years, virtually no one in America knew of the existence of the film version made in Italy. In the 1960’s Erika and Henry Mark Holzer began representing Ayn Rand. As their professional relationship developed into a personal friendship, she told them that there was an Italian motion picture version of the novel that had disappeared after a brief theatrical run in Italy. The Holzers decided to find the film. They began to query official Italian agencies, to no avail. The search went on and ended in the summer of 1968 when it was discovered that two Romans representing a business entity that owned dozens of vintage Italian films, had in their possession the original film, which was made In two parts, titled NOI VIVI and ADDIO KIRA. The technical quality of the film was excellent. Using the original nitrate negatives, the Hoizers had duplicate negatives made on safety film.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line765
__label__wiki	0.849829	0.849829	Bryan Thompson appointed CEO of Abu Dhabi Airports Mr. Thompson brings with him more than 25 years of international experience in various areas of airport management and operations, including ANS, terminal operations, strategy, and planning, in addition to infrastructure and corporate development. In his previous role as Senior Vice President – Development at Dubai Airports, Mr. Thompson led the development of Dubai International Airport as well as Dubai World Central. In addition, he was involved in the strategic planning of Dubai 2020 and 2050. Prior to joining Dubai Airports Mr. Thompson served in a number of key executive roles across the Asia and Pacific regions. He was the Chief Executive Officer of Launceston Airport, General Manager of Strategy, Planning, and Development and General Manager of Assets and Infrastructure Planning at Melbourne International Airport. Prior to this, Mr. Thompson held the positions of Director of Airport Operations and VP Terminal Management at Mumbai International Airport. Mr. Thompson started his career in the aviation industry as a Principal Air Traffic Controller, and later on, he was appointed as Assistant GM for Airport Operations at Johannesburg International Airport. Mr. Thompson holds a Master’s Degree in Business Administration, Strategy, and Finance from the University of South Africa. Bryan Thompson said: “I feel honored to have been invited to join Abu Dhabi Airports at this remarkable time, as we prepare to unveil our groundbreaking project to the world and further highlight everything our unique brand of Arabian hospitality has to offer. My focus will be to build on the strong foundations already in place, further cementing Abu Dhabi Airports’ role as a leading world hub and ensuring the company’s growth in constructive partnership with all relevant stakeholders.”	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line767
__label__wiki	0.510678	0.510678	MOVIES ON 16TH MARCH,2016. St.Bride’s church in Fleet Street, London. (with Petra Hajduchova) 1．J. S. Bach: Sonata No1(1st and 4th M.v.t) in G-minor for Solo Violin, BWV1001 (0-7,07) 2. J. Sibelius: 5 pices for Violin and Piano Op.81 No.2-Mazuruka (7,30-10,02) 3. Rebecca Clerke: Midsommer Moon (10,33-16,55) 4. J. Sibelius: 5 pices for Violin and Piano Op.81 No.2-Rondino (17,05-18,40) 5. F. Delius: Sonata No3 for Violin and Piano-1st M.v.t (18,54-24,24) 6. G. Faure: Berceuse Op. 16 (24,34-27,55) 7. F. Kreisler: Rondino on a Theme by Beethoven (28,05-30,37) 8. E. Elgar: Salut d’Amour Op.12 (30,45-33,05) 2016年11月7日 by fumi_otsuki_master Posted in INFORMATIONS, REPORTS Chapter 8　GHOST MOVIES （1955） Monster, Devil, Ghost etc. An English Japanese dictionary contains the following words that describe various kinds of spirits that cause harm to people: apparition, bogey-man, demon, devil, fiend, ghost, goblin, monster, ogre, phantom, Satan, spectre. By further checking in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English and Kenkyusha Shorter English-Japanese Dictionary, the following list of words was obtained. For reference, the Japanese is also cited. <><><><><><><><><><><> Apparition; something that you imagine you can see, especially the spirit of a dead person. 幻影、幽霊 Bogey-man; an evil spirit, especially in children’s imagination or stories. Someone who people think is evil or unpleasant.　悪霊、悪鬼、おばけ Demon; an evil spirit or force, something that makes you anxious and causes you problem, someone who is very good at you. 悪魔、鬼、邪神、悪の権化、鬼神のような人、精霊 Devil; the most powerful evil spirit in some religions, especially Christianity. An evil spirit. Speak or talk of the devil etc. 悪魔、魔神、魔王、怪異な偶像、邪神 Fiend; a very cruel, evil, violent person. (Longman might mean a person, instead of a kind of monsters)　魔神、悪霊、鬼、魔鬼、悪魔王、鬼のような人、 Ghost; the spirit of a dead person that some people think they can feel or see in a place. 幽霊、亡霊、怨霊、妖怪、変化、幻 Goblin; a small ugly creature in children’s stories that likes to trick people. 悪鬼、小鬼 Monster; an imaginary or ancient creature that is large, ugly, and frightening. 怪物、化け物、怪奇な形の動物(植物)、異常に巨大なもの Ogre; a large imaginary person in children’s stories who eats people. Someone who seems cruel and frightening. 民話・童話の人食い鬼、鬼のような人 Phantom; the image of a dead person or strange thing that someone thinks they see. Something that exists only in your imagination. Seeming to appear to someone, not real, but seeming real to the person affected. まぼろし、幽霊、幻影、錯覚、妄想 Satan; the devil, considered to be the main evil power and God’s opponent. 魔王、大魔王 Spectre; something that people are afraid of because it may affect them badly. 幽霊、亡霊、怖いもの <><><><><><> Both languages have many words about spirits and the evil they visit upon human beings. There are some differences in the images of these words, which can be attributed to differences in culture. Therefore, multiple Japanese words are applied to each English word. Anyone who understands Japanese well will see that Japan has many more words related to evil spirits than the UK does. Furthermore, in English there are words describing monsters that only appear in children’s stories. However, there is no such limitation in Japanese, which might be taken to mean that the Japanese have a rather childlike attitude to evil spirits, or that they are much more deeply affected by them. In this essay, in order to avoid confusion due to the discrepancies of meaning, the following terms are adopted. Demon is given as a generic name for evil things or spirits. Before classifying them in detail as a next step, I would like to give an historical outline of Japanese demons. It has been believed among Japanese from time immemorial that spirits lodge in everything, and that the gods govern the systematic transitions of nature. For example, the climate is characterized by the four seasons, which are brought about by the shift of each season’s gods – the warm weather god comes from the eastern sea and kicks out the cold weather god into the western sea, resulting in the arrival of spring. Similarly, when the giant catfish moves violently under the ground, an earthquake occurs, or the thunder god beating a drum results in a thunderclap. In comparison with other countries, Japan has a lot of natural disasters caused by earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons, volcano eruptions, thunderstorms, heavy rain, floods etc. Some of these were believed to be evil carried out by demons, or sometimes as divine punishment, as with stories in the Old Testament. Exact dates are not known but from at least several centuries BCE, there was cultural exchange between Japan and the countries on the Korean peninsula. Historical records tell of a Japanese dependency on the Korean peninsula, which existed for several centuries into the Common Era. (Korea denies this, which is one source of conflict between the two countries.) The tributary system was the prime instrument of diplomacy, and along with Chinese culture, technologies and goods, Buddhism came into Japan between the 7th and 9th centuries. After Buddhism was authorized by the government in the early 7th century, some denominations were propagated using didactic novels. These said that if people believed in Buddhism and did good deeds, they could go to heaven after they died. The implied consequences of not doing so led to the emergence of various folklore connected with evil spirits and ghosts. These stories, created in China, tried to make readers believe in the existence of gods and monsters. Since these books were usually illustrated, the appearance of the imaginary demons took root in people’s mind. (These might be the prototype of modern Manga.) The 15th and 16th centuries in Japan were an age of civil wars. Feudal lords scrambled for political power, notably in the Onin War of 1467, and the Meio coup d’ etat of 1493. People experienced many terrible things such as killing and various crimes, so the idea of a hell with many monsters must have been very easy to believe. At that time, Mitsunobu Tosa is said to have drawn a famous picture scroll depicting demons named ‘Night Parade of One Hundred Demons.’ From the latter half of the 16th century, the wars had ceased and after a new government was established at the beginning of 17th century, a peaceful society was maintained by stable politics until the Meiji restoration of 1868. Peace brought about a cultural efflorescence, which resulted in the regeneration of the arts and the birth of new entertainments. Novels and dramas naturally adopted the genre of terror, producing and systemizing many monsters. One of the most popular of these books is ‘Night Parade of One Hundred Demons,’ drawn by Sekien Toriyama in the 18th century. After the opening of diplomatic relations, the new government established in 1868 was confronted with the risk of Japan becoming a mere dependency of European countries. It rushed to introduce western culture as one measure to combat this risk. Japan, as well as Asian countries, was particularly underdeveloped in science and technology, which led to the indiscriminate acceptance of anything connected with them. Since then, interest in demons has been regarded as unscientific, and their existence officially denied. Nevertheless, human beings are often attracted to matters that cannot be explained by science, and even now many people believe in the demons and spirits that were established in earlier times. In his book “Introduction to Psychical Research” (Yuzankaku,Tokyo, 2004. In Japanese), Kazue Abe divides demons into three broad classes. (1) Monster: Some body and/or action whose real figure is unidentified. It has mysterious power. (2) Bogey-man: An animal or utensil becomes a kind of demon by obtaining magical power. It does harm or mischief to humans. (3) Ghost: Dead person whose spirit can go to neither heaven nor hell and that consequently has to wander the earth. I would like to explain each demon in detail according to this classification: What is a monster? The explanation above is not clear, so here are some other definitions from other sources. (1) Among public beliefs, a monster was thought to be an extraordinary phenomenon beyond man’s understanding, or a non-realistic and unscientific existence that could have a mysterious power. (Wikipedia ‘ demon’) (2) Japan is said to have 8 million gods. In ethnology, monsters are gods that have gone to ruin, loosing their miraculous power. A monster does not appear in front of specific person, unlike an evil spirit that has the power to haunt, but appears at a fixed time and place. (Kobank.jp) (3) Strange living things and phenomena. (Shigeru Mizuki, the famous comic writer who specialized in the stories of demons.) Are you able to get some kind of image of what a monster is? Since each source has a different definition, you might be rather confused. As mentioned at the beginning of the previous section, Japan has many natural disasters, which were thought to be divine punishments or the action of evil deities. For example, when a landslide occurred, people thought the anger of the mountain gods must have been aroused, and made offerings to appease them. And when a boat sunk at sea, people believed that a big evil sea monk dragged it down with him when he returned to the bottom of the sea. When someone was missing in the mountains, it was thought that they had been abducted by mountain gods or spirits. Similarly, when someone drowned in a lake, they were thought to have been taken by the lake’s guardian spirit. In many countries around the world, the soul/ spirit is thought to live on forever after a body has died. The main Japanese religions, Buddhism and Shinto, have different images of life after death. Buddha dared not to explain about it clearly. Some Buddhist sects have been strictly obedient to his determination, while others have told their followers that they will go to a ‘land of peace and happiness’ – the image most Japanese have of heaven. Some other sects took in other religious stories and folk tales that had become attached to Buddhism in China and India. Some of these stories describe the passage from earth to heaven and hell. According to Japanese folk belief, the typical image of the route after death has been described as follows: When a person dies, they walk through a beautiful flower garden until they come to the bank of a river, named Sanzu-no-kawa. Several people are already waiting to board the boat bound for the opposite shore. Once they get across to the other side of the river, their death is settled. This means if a man does not get in the boat for some reason, he might return to life or come back to this world as a ghost or spirit. They get out of the boat to enter the other world and first go to hell. There, the kings of hell, led by Great King Enma, subject the deceased to intense questioning about their deeds before death. Successful candidates will go on to heaven, while the unsuccessful ones stay in hell. I think there are similar stories in Western culture. In hell, they undergo various tortures depending on their evaluation, which are not, however, related in as much detail as Alighieri Dante’s description in ‘the Divine Comedy.’ In hell, ogres are used by Great King Enma to punish people. The outside appearance of ogres is roughly similar to humans, but they have fangs and a horn on their head. For some unknown reason, they wear shorts made of tiger fur. The actual gate of the hell is guarded by two kinds of ogre – one with the face of a cow and the other with the face of a horse. Since according to Buddhism an ogre is an incarnation of evil, statues of Buddha holding down the ogres are often displayed in temples. (There is idolatry in-Buddhism.) These ogres quickly skived off from their jobs in hell and came to Japanese towns, mainly at night, to cause harm to people. They appear in monster stories as red ogres and blue ogres. The ogres’ outside appearance, size, physical strength, spiritual strength, and intelligence, vary in many ways from story to story. There was even one ridiculous story about a weak ogre being easily defeated by a man. We have many stories about monsters but unfortunately we are limited for space here. If you are interested in this topic, I recommend you to learn Japanese and enjoy these monster stories for yourself! Bogey-man As mentioned earlier, it has been believed by Japanese from ancient times that spirits lodge in every natural thing – mountains, rivers, trees, plants etc. – as well as humans and animals. Furthermore, the Chinese veneration of the old entered Japan along with Buddhism, and was transformed to the belief that even inorganic substances can have a spirit after they are used for more than a hundred years. Very often these spirits are malevolent. When tools, utensils, furniture etc. are thrown away after being used for a long time they can become possessed by spirits that harbor grudges against humans for their unjust treatment. Animals are also believed to be capable of becoming vessels of such spirits. They are, however, generally weaker than humans, so they are considered to be less malevolent than monsters. Indeed, there are many stories in which such spirits behave in a kindly way, as in the following story. One day, a man rescued an injured crane that had been possessed by a spirit. In order to repay the man’s kindness, it transformed into a woman and they married. As he was very poor, she wove her feathers into a fine fabric, which they then sold it at a high price and quickly became rich. I will discuss the most interesting of the animal manifestations of such spirits. CAT: Cats and dogs both live close to humans. However, unlike dogs, cats are thought to never completely lose their wild nature, and are basically selfish. Accordingly, it is no surprise that they are often the main character in bogey-man stories. What is the character of the cat in such stories? Compared to the fox (described later), it more often takes the shape of a woman. It has a fondness for the bloody killing and eating of people. Even though it sleeps during the daytime in full view of everybody, it has its own cat network, and uses it to gather information to aid its nocturnal activities against people. Taking the form of a woman, it captivates men and causes them psychological and physical harm, before eventually returning to its original shape. Consequently, even today there are many people who prefer dogs to cats for this reason DOG： In comparison to cats, there are few examples of evil spirits appearing in the form of a dog. There are, rather, many stories in which the spirit in a dog is good and tries to help people. One of the few examples of an evil dog spirit is ‘the chasing dog’. In these stories, someone is walking along a mountain path and then suddenly becomes aware that a dog is following them. Should the person fall, the dog will kill them. Looking at this story in a different way, the dog might actually be guarding the person. In an alternative example, a man treats a dog cruelly, causing it to harbor deep animosity. The man then uses this animosity for a curse. In stories like this, the man is clearly responsible for any evil done by the dog, and the dog’s obedience to its master is seen as a sign of its basically good character. (Different to the ill-natured cat.) FOX: We have a lot of stories about fox spirits. (bogey-man). Foxes are very similar animals to dogs, but they inhabit the forest and are never tamed by humans. Nevertheless, there are many occasions when they encounter people, and they can appear in stories as both evil and good spirits. I would like to explain the evil side first. It has been said from ancient times that foxes are able to take the shape of anything (usually people and other animals but also inanimate objects like statues) to do evil to people. In particular, they often take the shape of a woman. This is attributed to the Chinese fortunetelling – ‘ Hakke’, in which everything is divided into positive or negative. As with electricity and magnetism, likes attract and opposites repel. The fox is characterized as negative and since man is positive, it often takes the shape of a woman to charm a man. Consequently, we have stories of love and even marriage between them. (In China, there are similar stories involving snake spirits and men.) Over a thousand years ago in Japan, it used to be the duty of the government to offer prayers to the gods, and shaman had an important role in this. Seimei Abe, a famous shaman who lived in the 10th century, was said to have strong supernatural power. This power came from his mother, who was a fox spirit. There are many stories of people being possessed by foxes. There are also many sayings and proverbs that involve foxes. For example, when it rains on a fine day, we say, ‘ there is going to be a fox wedding today,’ meaning that we have to be careful not to be fooled or tricked on that day. The good side of fox spirits: We have 32,000 Shinto shrines where fox spirits are the principal image. The gods of these shrines, deities of agriculture, industry, commerce and the home, have been called ‘Miketsu gods’ since ancient times. An old name for foxes was ‘Ketsu’. There are many homonyms in Japanese and they are often used to make jokes, as well as sometimes causing confusion when talking about serious matters. This is probably why images of foxes came to be used as icons in shrines. MAN: It is also thought that it is possible for a person to transform into an evil spirit or bogeyman. Some stories feature man-like creatures with a long elastic neck, or without eyes, nose or mouth. Sometimes they have 3 eyes, or a mouth in the top of the head. A hundred years ago, there used to be freak shows presenting people with deformities as bogeymen. 4． Ghost It is sometimes said that the deceased appear to grieving families. Some people say these apparitions are ghosts. A ghost is a spirit in the form of a person, and different to monsters and bogeymen, often behaves benevolently towards people. As mentioned in the section about monsters, it sometimes happens that a person doesn’t go to heaven or hell after death. If the deceased still has an attachment to something in this world, he or she does not cross the Sanzunokawa (the river separating the two worlds), and stays on earth as a ghost in order to achieve some goal. Examples of good ghosts: A wife died at a very young age and couldn’t bear to be separated from her husband. She came back to this world as a ghost every night and continued to live with him. In another story, a mother died just after childbirth. She came back to suckle her child, or bought sweets when she couldn’t give milk. There are many variations of such folk stories. However, there are many cases of ghosts harboring grudges. Here are several examples. In the oldest love novel in Japan, Genjimonogatari, written by Shikibu Murasaki, around A.D.1000, there is a sad episode of a lady who lost her lover to another woman, and then became a ghost (though she is alive) and haunted her rival to death. Michizane Sugawara (A.D.845~1164) was defeated in a political battle and banished to a faraway place (Dazaifu in Kyushu). After he died there, the emperor and many of his former political rivals died, and many disasters such as fires and earthquakes happened in Kyoto, where the government offices were located. It was said that Sugawara was taking revenge against his former enemies. The government tried to appease him by worshipping him as a god, and even today there are many shrines all over Japan called Tenmangu, in which Sugawara is worshipped as the god of scholarship. In another case, the seventy fifth emperor, Sutoku, (A.D.1119~1164), was taken to a remote province( Sanuki in Shikoku) and confined there after rivals plotted against him. He held such a strong grudge against them that it is said he sold his soul to the devil upon his death. His avenging spirit then caused big fires and rebellions in Kyoto. The government was finally able to escape his wrath by building a temple and worshipping him as a god. There are many similar stories. We feel the evil spirits in these stories are a little bit different to ghosts, but still categorize them as monsters. The fact that almost all ghosts are female is explained as follows: In the feudal Edo era (1603~1868), when the concept of the ghost was established, people lived in a society with a rigid hierarchy – samurai – farmer – craftsman – merchant. The commoners, people other than samurai, had no choice but to accept their position and suppress the frustration they felt at the inequality. Buddhism, as well as Confucianism, promulgated the feudal system and the predominance of men over women. Consequently, commoner women were in the weakest position in society, and lived under the tyranny of men. Thus, if a woman from the lowest class were able to take revenge against a samurai, it would entail overcoming a huge difference in their positions. To do this, she had to die and become a ghost. This kind of revenge drama, using the dramatic effect of the ghost, seized the hearts of people of all classes and became one of the most popular genres of theater. You might now feel that it is possible to roughly guess the story of ghost stories, but do you have a definite image of a ghost yet? The following accounts might help. I would like to introduce three of the most famous ghosts – ‘Iwa’, ‘Kasane’ and ‘Kiku’. ‘Iwa’ is the name of the heroine, that is, the ghost in the horror drama ‘ Yotsuya Kaidan’. Iwa’s husband fell in love with another woman and killed ‘Iwa’. Several months later, Iwa appeared in front of her husband and his new wife as a ghost, and then killed them both with a terrible curse. ‘Kiku’ is the heroine of ‘Banchosarayasiki’. This horror drama was written based on the rumor that Kiku, the female servant of a government official, Shuzen Aoyama, was killed by him after he suspected her of breaking a dish from a set that was a family treasure. There are many versions about the reason why Aoyama blamed Kiku for the breakage. One was that Aoyama had ordered Kiku to become his concubine, but she refused. He then hid one dish and claimed she had broken it. This kind of story, in which an innocent person is blamed for something, is quite common. In another case, the mistress of the house hid a dish to get at Kiku. In another, she is a female Ninja (spy), who is eventually exposed by Aoyama and killed by him. In every version, she is slashed with a sword and falls into a well and dies. Several days later, she appears in front of her master as a ghost and starts counting dishes in a chilling voice, “ One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine. Ah, there should be one more! But one is missing! What shall I do?” Aoyama is tormented by the image and eventually becomes fatally sick. There is a comic version of this drama as well. Kiku’s ghost comes out from the well on the second of January every year (the day the original story was supposed to have taken place) and starts counting dishes. People watching her will die if they don’t run away before she gets to the part where she says, ‘I am one dish short!’ The third story, ‘Kasane’, is similar to ‘Iwa’, so I won’t describe it here. In the Edo era, various versions of the ghost dramas were taken up in picture books for adults and appeared in the popular performance art of Kabuki. The ghosts persecute the objects of their grudges using the psychological effect of voicing their reproaches, or by a combination of psychological and physical actions. Very often they are helped by animal spirits such as cats. In many cases, the ghosts’ victims were samurai, who occupied the highest rank in society. They were supposed to practice martial arts every day, so shouldn’t have had any problems dealing with a ghost’s attack. However, since the ghost is already dead, physical attacks with weapons are always ineffective. Even though the samurai had gone through hard training to strengthen his willpower, the ghost’s relentless psychological attacks eventually wear him down until he finally dies. The struggle between them is one of the attractions of ghost movies. At the moment when the ghost’s objective is fulfilled, the camera zooms in and she is seen to give a slight grin – the most frightening part of the movie for the audience. In the movies I watched, the story focused on the changes in the mind of the victim after the ghost’s purely psychological onslaught. Employing physical means was thought to be inelegant. However, being a child, I was more frightened by the cat monster than the ghost. 5．Ghost movies Ghost dramas have been performed mainly in summer from long ago. During the Edo era (17th – 19th century), somebody realized that feeling chills of fear listening to ghost stories was a good way to momentarily escape the oppressive summer heat. (In Japan, the maximum temperature in summer is not so high but it’s very humid, so it always feels much hotter than it actually is.) Thomas Edison invented a motion picture camera in 1981, and movies were first screened in Japan in 1896. The first ghost movie was produced in 1898, only two years later, so you can see the Japanese were very fond of ghost dramas. Since then, many ghost movies have been produced using both stories from picture books and Kabuki scripts. Since most of them had similar stories (as described on Youtube), movie directors tried to use different gimmicks to grab the attention of audiences. These ploys included things like casting a beautiful actress for the ghost and using various sets and dramatic affects, but the possibilities were soon exhausted. When TVs came into wide use, ghost stories were immediately adopted, but the smaller screen size limited their dramatic effect. It has been calculated that the screen image has to occupy more than 30% of the audience’s field of view in order to create an effective impression. However, an ordinary TV screen only takes up about 10%, so it’s more difficult for TV dramas to make a similar impact. (This is the concept behind the development of 4K-TV). Then the makers of TV ghost dramas tried to garner interest by making variations to the stories and increasing the horror scenes. However, the ideas soon dried up and TV companies looked abroad for inspiration, finally seizing upon American horror stories. As described earlier, the ghosts in Japanese horror stories originally attacked their victims psychologically rather than physically, and audiences enjoyed the steady escalation of horror. American horror movies, on the other hand, often don’t make sense to Japanese audiences and leave us feeling unimpressed. However, after both TV shows and movies used American style horror continuously, people, particularly the young, became accustomed to them. As a result, they were initially able to maintain steady viewing figures, but the possibilities of this new source were also quickly used up. Even though filmmakers strived to make new types of horror movies, such as hybrids based on both countries’ concepts, they struggled to satisfy audiences. Finally, the custom of watching ghost movies as a natural feature of the Japanese summer seems to have disappeared. Recently, TV stations have devised a new type of ghost character and have been broadcasting documentary style programs consisting of omnibus stories, airing them in the summer. This new type is based on the idea that (As mentioned in chapter 4) when somebody dies in unhappy circumstances, they cannot go to the afterworld and remain on earth, sometimes appearing to people. This new kind of evil spirit stays without human form in a specific place that had significance for them during life. When somebody enters this area, the spirit causes various phenomena to occur. In this TV program, a group of celebrities is sent to some place that is rumored to be haunted – very often a derelict hospital or school, or the site of a fatal accident. If an evil spirit is there and confronts them, they get TV images that are supposed to be evidence of its existence – often something that looks like a white cotton ball (about one or two inches in diameter) floating in mid air. And they make much of every insignificant thing that happens, for example, water suddenly dripping on one of the celebrities, or the TV camera developing some kind of mechanical trouble. Very often, one of the celebrities will lose control of his or her body, and somebody shouts in an exaggeratedly frightened voice, ‘ They’ve been possessed.’ Sometimes a ‘spiritualist’ is invited along and exorcises the evil spirit. Of course, for people who are familiar with traditional ghost movies, the new documentary types have no real stories, and lack any depth, taste, or beauty. On the other hand, young people seem to enjoy them and the programs get reasonable ratings. ‘Monsters’ have also transformed into animals like Gozzila, aliens in SF movies, and characters like Doraemon in Japanese Manga. Additionally, almost all local governments in Japan nowadays have their own mascot dolls, which could also be seen as having evolved from monsters. By the way, Readers might have a question for me. – ‘Do you believe in the existence of ghosts? – I am a scientist, without any psychic power, unfortunately, so I deny their existence. However, believing that seeing a ghost can be attributed to an overwhelming feeling of loss and desire to see the deceased again, I sometimes wish my deceased wife would come back to see me, even as a ghost. And my sister-in-law is always trying to persuade me to go to Osorezan (a famous sacred mountain that is thought to have mystical power.) to try and contact my wife through a medium. Not being able to completely laugh off her suggestion, I recognize the inconsistencies of my mind. “Let’s go. Mom, let’s go together.” “Let’s go. Chokochan(the nickname of the boy’s elder sister), let’s go together.” Since dinner, the boy had been asking them over and over to go together to see the movie that was going to be shown at the hall of the primary school. At that time (1960’s), there were no amusement facilities like a movie theatre in the village they lived (indeed, there aren’t even now), and the villager scarcely had any entertainment. Every summer, the young farmers association used to borrow old movies from the movie theatre in the neighboring town, and they were greatly enjoyed by the villagers. At night, the village was pitch-dark because there were no street lamps, so it was unnecessary to hang blackout screens on the windows of the hall. They put on mainly historical dramas (Samurai dramas), love stories and comedies, but also educational ones like documentary films about the nuclear bomb, earthquakes, tsunamis etc. Today’s program was a ghost movie. His sister, a third grade student in junior high school, did not intend to go along with his proposal because she wanted to study in order to improve her already superior grades and, of course, she disliked horror films anyway. Their mother had not been able to decide after dinner whether to go or not. As a teacher in a junior high school, she always brought home work she hadn’t been able to finish at school such as marking and making of tests and preparing the next day’s lessons. This was the reality for almost all teachers at that time, and maybe today, too. Furthermore, for a teacher who had studied science, at least superficially, it didn’t seem becoming for her to be seen watching a movie about the occult, and so she really didn’t want to go. On the other hand, she felt guilty about always leaving the boy by himself, so it was hard to say no.’ He continued to plead with her, “Let’s go – please, let’s go.” But she still could not make up her mind. Arriving there, someone showed them through the door and said, “Good evening.” The mother instantly replied in the dialect of the western part of Japan. “Ah, good evening. Mr. Sato.” She was always careful to use the dialect of this area (the northern part of Japan) when speaking, but when she was caught unawares or if something was bothering her, she made a mess of it, which always irritated the villagers. “Mrs. teacher, there is something I would like to ask you.” said Mr. Sato. (In Japan, people usually address their superiors by the name of their position, such as Mr. president, Mr. manager etc. instead of their name.) He, a young farmer, had been influenced by the democratization brought by the US army after war, and had taken her class for adults on sociology. “Yes, come over here. What is your question?” The boy saw through her strategy immediately, watching her response with a look of resignation and wiping away a tear. “ My boy, I am very sorry, I have to speak with Sato san. We’ll go together the next time.” It only took ten minutes for the child to walk on the road along a brook from the house to the school. Bamboo and big trees hung over the road so thick that the moonlight did not penetrate, but it was possible to get there without falling into the brook by carefully aiming at the school lights through the foliage. Perhaps not everybody but most people have very active imaginations – the boy certainly did, and today’s program had become much more than just a horror movie. He had been stoking the horror by recalling images of horror scenes from previous movies. Although he often walked through the bamboo forest, even on dark nights, he had managed to thoroughly terrify himself, so he dropped his shoulders and ran along the dark road as fast as he could. The bamboo leaves rustled loudly in the strong wind blowing over his head, and convinced him monsters were at his heels. When he passed by a big tree, birds sleeping there took off all at once flapping their wings loudly, enhancing his fear even more, He felt as if the monsters were just about to pounce, and this spurred him along the puddle-covered road. When he arrived at the gymnasium of the primary school, villagers had already filled more than half of it. They were sitting on the floor making loosely dispersed groups of relatives or good friends. The audience reached back two thirds of the length of the hall. At the front, in order to view the film comfortably, they left a gap in front of the screen hanging on the wall. That night, the gap was a little bigger than usual. Ghost movies use the sudden appearance of ghosts to shock audiences. This was well known, of course, so they kept a little distance between themselves and the screen. Being short, he wouldn’t have been able to see the screen if he’d sat at the back. And owing to the strong body odors of the farmers after a hard day’s work, he wouldn’t have been able to concentrate on the movie if he’d sat in the middle of them. So he sat down at the front in a small gap between groups. “OK – we’re rolling!” the organizer said, and the chatting adults and playing children settled down. From the back of the gym, the ‘kara,kara,kara’ sound of the film running on the projector could be heard. That night’s ghost movie was a ‘Magemono’. This is a historical drama set in the Edo era (1615~1867), when samurai were the governing class. The samurai’s typical hairstyle was called ‘Chonmage’, which was shortened to ‘Mage’, so we call historical dramas of that era ‘Magemono’ (‘mono’ means ‘concerned with’). The basic story of the movie was that a samurai from the provinces had an affair, and his wife took her vengeance on her husband after becoming a ghost. At that time, Japan was divided into many provinces, from which their lords had to spend alternate years in Edo (the seat of the central government; present day Tokyo) and their own provinces. Thus, it was necessary for them to have a residence and office in both cities, and their retainers also had to move between both cities to conduct business. The main character of that movie had a lover in Edo, and had left his family in his homeland. No matter how much his wife asked him to go back, he always refused on the pretext of having to attend to his business. While he was away, she was murdered, but couldn’t leave this world owing to her love for her husband and hatred for his lover, and so became a ghost. One night, she appeared in the room in Edo where her husband was sleeping with his lover. Looking as she had at the moment of her death, her hair disheveled and head bleeding, she was a pathetic figure. She didn’t try to harm them physically but just stood there repeating, ‘My husband, I miss you so much,’ and to his lover, ‘I curse you’. That unwelcome visit affected them deeply, and subsequent visits increased their torment, gradually pushing them to self-destruction. This is a very well worn story – almost all horror movies involving ghosts are based on it or variations of it. People engaged in movie production, especially directors and script writers, tend to try to show their originality by describing as gruesomely as possible the progression of the self-destruction. On the other hand, audiences are solely interested in forgetting the summer heat, with the terror they feel at the sudden appearance of the ghost. This is, of course, fully understood by the movie companies, which force their staff to concentrate on enhancing terror at the expense of the quality of the story. This is one of the reasons why there are no superior ghost films such as ‘Hamlet’. After several scenes; Inside a dark hall, the eerie high- pitched sound of a flute could be heard, ‘HYUUU, HYUUU,’ and a drum was beating, ‘DORO, DORO, DORO.’ It gradually grew louder until it felt as if the whole building was shaking. The boy thought the ghost would come out at any minute and he braced himself for its appearance. Every member of the audience kept absolutely quiet in anticipation of that thrilling moment. Usually, the ghost would be some woman with blood all over her white face. However, that night it was a little different. As the drumbeat slowly decreased, the sound of a wooden hammer beating against something could be heard, ‘KON, KON, KON.’ On the screen, the samurai was sleeping with his lover. She could hear the sound and shook him awake entreating him with a husky voice, ‘ My darling, there’s a strange sound coming from the next room. Please go and see what it is.’ ‘What? A strange sound?’ said the man sleepily. He got up and opened the Fusuma(paper sliding door) a little to see into the next room. It was usually dark in there but there was a lighted candle in the family Buddhist altar and he could make out the silhouette of somebody sitting there. He was about to say, ‘ What’s going on?’ but he just froze there with his mouth open and stared at the figure. The figure was murmuring something while steadily beating an object on the table with a small wooden hammer. His attention was focused on the thing being beaten, which close-up camera work reveals to be a wooden doll. The voice could be heard more clearly now, ‘I curse you, Okiyo-san. I curse you, Okiyo-san. I miss you, Sukezaemon.’ Sukezaemon and Okiyo are the names of the samurai and his lover. ‘Who on earth are you!’ Sukezaemon said hoarsely. The figure turned towards him and replied mournfully, ‘My dear husband, you haven’t forgotten my voice already, have you?’ ‘AAAAARGH! Here it is!’ In the dark, screams could be heard from all over the hall. The figure wore a white kimono, her untidy black hair partially hiding her blood – covered face. Her eyes were glued on the doll as she beat it with the hammer. The screams continued, ‘AAAARGH! I can’t look! It’s awful!’ As the camera moved in, it revealed that the doll was modeled on Okiyo, and that the ghost was actually hitting a big nail placed against its throat. ‘I curse you, Okiyo-san. I curse you, Okiyo-san,’ repeated the ghost. By now the audience was on the verge of hysteria. The following night, Sukezaemon and Okiyo were sleeping in their room again. A clashing sound of wooden blocks could be heard from afar, ‘KARAN-KORON, KARAN-KORON.’ The sound gradually increased and the same pitiful figure appears, walking in ‘geta’ (wooden shoes) along the corridor towards their room. At the bottom of her white kimono, her feet were so indistinct that she seemed to floating above the floor, her arms extended in front of her with her hands hanging down limply at the wrists. “KARAN – KORON, KARAN – KORON,”came the sound of the ghost’s geta on the floor. Nobody in the audience seemed to notice the discrepancy of the invisible feet making such a sound. As on the previous night, Okiyo heard the sound and shook Sukezaemon, ‘My darling, wake up. There is a sound coming from the corridor. Go and see what it is’ ‘Again? Is it a dream?’ said Sukezaemon. “KARAN – KORON, KARAN – KORON.” The sound grew gradually louder and the shadow of the ghost appeared on the thin paper sliding door separating the corridor from their room. Shouting loudly,‘You must be mad!’ he drew his sword and tried to stab the ghost through the door. Everything went quiet, but then a sound could be heard coming from one of the corners inside the room, “KON, KON, KON.” They turned to see the ghost sitting there on its heels, beating the doll steadily. ‘I curse you, Okiyo-san. I curse you, Okiyo-san. I curse you, Sukezaemon.’ Her low, weak voice echoed in the room. ‘ AAARGHHHH!’ The audience was thrown into hysteria again. The next night, they were lying awake on their bed in the candlelit room. Sukezaemon said to Okiyo, ‘ Today, I sent a letter home. My wife must be there, but we saw her ghost two nights running. I cannot understand it. It’s not possible for somebody to be a ghost while they are still alive.’ (Although stories in recent ghost movies do sometimes have people becoming ghosts while they are still living, it was not thought possible at that time.) Okiyo clung to him and asked, ‘So why is she appearing to us?’ ‘Someone must be playing a trick on us. Tonight I am going to unmask the ghost in the light of this room,’ he answered Okiyo, showing his samurai courage. “KON, KON, KON.” The sound was heard again. ‘I curse you, Okiyo-san. I curse you, Okiyo-san. I curse you, Sukezaemon.’ a faint voice could be heard. Suddenly, all the candles were blown out by the wind. They were bewildered by the unexpected darkness and feverishly turned their heads backwards and forwards trying to see around them. Then a close up shot revealed the ghost touching Sukezaemon’s neck with its white fingers. ‘I miss you, Sukezaemon. I miss you, Sukezaemon.’ Some liquid dropped on Sukazaemon’s neck. Unfortunately, there were only black and white films at that time, but the audience understood instantly that it was blood. Everybody shuddered, feeling that cold blood dripping on their necks. A shiver went down the boy’s spine and then, feeling a cold wind on his neck, he looked behind him. ‘What! Where did everybody go?’ he exclaimed. There ought to have been many people behind him, but he found that somehow he was now right at the back. In that night’s film, the ghost had repeatedly appeared behind Sukezaemon and his lady, and then leaned on their backs. Everyone was imagining the ghost appearing behind them and had moved forward little by little, pushing the boy to the rear. He felt the ghost breathing down his neck, ’Help!’ The movie that night was of a very low artistic standard, full of continuing horror scenes. The director had complied completely with the requirements of the company’s business strategy, and consequently it was a huge hit with audiences. Unfortunately for the boy, he somehow had to stave off the attacks of ghosts and get home through the fearful bamboo forest. Topics concerning this article – Japanese monsters, bogey-men, ghosts and their movies are described in http://www.fumi-otsuki.com 2016年11月7日 by fumi_otsuki_master Posted in THE JAPANESE RUSTIC LIFE IN 1950S	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line768
__label__cc	0.587034	0.412966	Short Break in Jordan Home Holy Land Jordan And Holy Lands Packages Short Break In Jordan Wherever you go in the Middle East, you will feel that you still need to visit this wonderful country of Jordan. This well-known country is considered to be one of the most important countries in the Middle East, as it is located in the middle of the world. Because of its geographic location, Jordan played a vital role as a conduit for trade and communications, connecting east and west, north and south. The kingdom of Jordan has many places to visit such as the well-known site of Petra, which was thought to have been first established in the 6th century BC by Nabataean Arabs, a nomadic tribe who settled in the area and laid the foundations of a commercial empire that extended into Syria. Despite successive attempts by the Seleucid king Antigonus, the Roman emperor Pompey and Herod the Great to bring Petra under the control of their respective empires, Petra remained largely in Nabataean hands until around 100 AD, when the Romans diverted to the north the caravan routes that had brought Petra its wealth. You still have enough time to go around the city of Amman, Jordan’s capital, safe, friendly, and modern city. The old city is dominated by the ancient Citadel with its Byzantine Church, The Temple of Hercules and The Umayyad Palace. Amman was known in the Old Testament as Rabbath Ammon and in Greco-Roman times as Philadelphia. You will also visit the Amphitheater and the Archaeological & Jordan Folklore Museums. Don’t lose this trip and book it now to enjoy all sites, attraction and treasures. Program Itinerary: QAI Airport – Petra ON Upon arrival to QAI Airport, you will be met with our English-speaking representative who will assist you with getting your visa, retrieving your bags and going through customs. (Visas are $57 USD, paid in cash upon arrival for all nationalities). Transfer to your chosen hotel in Petra for check-in. [No Meals] Petra full day visit – Amman ON Breakfast at the hotel followed by the tour of the Rose Red City of Petra. The city is thought to have been first established in the 6th century BC by Nabataean Arabs, a nomadic tribe who settled in the area and laid the foundations of a commercial empire that extended into Syria. Despite successive attempts by the Seleucid king Antigonus, the Roman emperor Pompey and Herod the Great to bring Petra under the control of their respective empires, Petra remained largely in Nabataean hands until around 100 AD, when the Romans diverted to the north the caravan routes that had brought Petra its wealth. It was still inhabited during the Byzantine period, when the former Roman Empire moved its focus east to Constantinople, but declined in importance thereafter. The Crusaders constructed a fort there in the 12th century, but soon withdrew, leaving Petra to the local people until the early 19th century, when it was visited by the Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. The approach to Petra is unforgettable, made either on foot or horseback through the Outer Siq and then on foot through the Siq itself. The Siq ends in an open space which is dominated by the Treasury, Petra’s most famous building. A local guide will give a brief history of the city. You will also see Pharaoh’s Castle, the Triumphal Arch, the Amphitheater and Monastery. In the Afternoon, Transfer to Amman and assist with checking you into your hotel. [Breakfast] Amman City Tour – QAI Airport for departure Today you will have a city tour of Amman. Jordan’s capital is a safe, friendly, and modern city. The old city is dominated by the ancient Citadel with its Byzantine Church, The Temple of Hercules and The Umayyad Palace. Amman was known in the Old Testament as Rabbath Ammon and in Greco-Roman times as Philadelphia. You will also visit the Amphitheater and the Archaeological & Jordan Folklore Museums. Afternoon, you will be transferred to Queen Alia International Airport for departure with our Assistance by our English-speaking representatives. [Breakfast] To 30 September 2016 01 night's accommodation in Amman – based on (Bed & Breakfast) basis. 01 night’s accommodation in Petra – based on (Bed & Breakfast) basis. Meet and assist by our English-speaking representatives. All transfers and excursions mentioned in above Itinerary. A/C Brand-new hired vehicles with English-speaking driver. All entrance fees to mentioned sites & Museums. Short horse ride in Petra. English/Spanish-speaking local guide in Petra – 7 Pax or less. English/Spanish-speaking throughout guide - 08 Pax or more. Entry Visa to Jordan. Internatioanl flight tickets. Travelers insurance. All lunch & dinner meals not mentioned. All tips & Private Expenses (Phone calls, laundry, bar bills, etc). Other services not mentioned under the ``Including``.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line769
__label__cc	0.538581	0.461419	TechArtificial Intelligence Baidu’s chief scientist explains why computers won’t take over the world just yet Derrick Harris Andrew Ng, Stanford University professor, Baidu research head, and Google Brain co-founder Courtesy of Baidu Artificial intelligence is seemingly everywhere today, doing everything from powering voice controls and image search on our smartphones to supplying the brains for autonomous cars and robots. And while research on the topic from Google (GOOG), Facebook (FB) and Microsoft (MSFT) gets most of the attention in the United States, Chinese search giant Baidu (BIDU) is also a major player in the space. Its efforts are led by Andrew Ng, the company’s chief scientist who previously taught machine learning at Stanford, co-founded Coursera and helped create the Google Brain project. In 2012, Google Brain kicked off mainstream interest in a field of AI known as deep learning by showing how computers can teach themselves to recognize cats in YouTube videos. In this interview, Ng, who works out of Baidu’s artificial intelligence lab in Sunnyvale, Calif., explains why artificial intelligence is so hot right now, how companies are using it to make real money, and why concerns over an impending AI apocalypse are probably overblown. The following was edited for length and clarity: Fortune: How would you define artificial intelligence, as least as it applies to commercially viable approaches? Andrew Ng: What we’re seeing in the last several years is that computers are getting much better at soaking up data to make predictions. These include predicting what ad a user is most likely to click on, recognizing people in pictures, predicting what’s the web page most relevant to your search query — and hundreds of other of examples like that. Many of these are making digital experiences much better for users and, in some cases, increasing the bottom line for companies. Is it fair to say then that mainstream AI is more about recognizing patterns in data than it is about building computers that think like humans? Despite all the hype, I think they are much further off than some people think. Almost all the economic value created by AI today is with one type of technology, called supervised learning. What that means is learning to predict outcomes or classify things based on other example inputs the system has already seen, such as “Given a picture, find the people in it.” Or, “Given a web page, find whether user is going to click on this web page.” Or, “Given an email, determine if this a piece of spam or not.” Speech recognition is another example of this, where the input is an audio clip and the output is a transcription of what was said. Speech recognition has been in the news lately because of some new Apple Siri features. What are the next steps to make assistant-type apps more useful? The vision we’re pursuing is trying to make talking to a computer feel as natural as talking to a person. That’s a distant goal, we won’t get there anytime soon, but as we reach that point, more users will use it. Today, speech is largely used by technology enthusiasts. Most people around the world are not using speech for their interactions with computers. Talking to a machine still feels very different from talking to a person: you’re allowed to say certain things, you can’t interrupt a computer. Sometimes it takes a little longer to respond. Sometimes you say something and it’s very confused. Here’s one specific example: If I’m talking to a computer and I say, “Please call Carol at 555-1000 … no, wait, 1005,” can a computer interpret that correctly and take the right action? What happened in the past few years to take us from seemingly little consumer-facing AI to today, where things like speech recognition and algorithms that can understand photos seem commonplace? A lot of the progress in machine learning—and this is an unpopular opinion in academia—is driven by an increase in both computing power and data. An analogy is to building a space rocket: You need a huge rocket engine, and you need a lot of fuel. If you have a smaller rocket engine and a lot of fuel, your rocket’s probably not going to get off the ground. If you have a huge rocket engine but a tiny amount of fuel, you probably won’t make it to orbit. It’s only with a huge engine and a lot of fuel that you can go interesting places. The analogy is that the rocket engines are the large computers—in Baidu’s case, supercomputers we can now build—and the rocket fuel is the huge amounts of data we now have. Over the last decade, the rise of data, or the rise of rocket fuel, got a little ahead of our ability to build rocket engines to absorb that fuel. But now our ability to scale up our rocket engines has been catching up, and in some cases surpassing our ability to supply the rocket fuel. You have to work hard to scale them at the same time. It seems like every time deep learning is applied to a task, it produces the best-ever results for that task. Could we apply this to, say, corporate sales data and identify meaningful insights faster than with traditional enterprise software or popular “big data” tools? The big limitation of deep learning is that almost all the value it’s creating is in these input-output mappings. If you have corporate data where X is maybe a user account in Amazon, and Y is “Did they buy something?” and you have a lot of data with X-Y pairs, then you could do it. But in terms of going through data and discovering things by itself, that type of algorithm is very much in its infancy, I would say. This is also one of the reasons why the AI evil killer robots and super-intelligence hype is overblown. This X-Y type of mapping is such a narrow form of learning. Humans learn in so many more ways than this. The technical term for this is supervised learning, and I think we just haven’t figured out the right ideas yet for the other types of learning. Unsupervised learning is one of those other types, where you just look at data and discover stuff about the world. Humans seem to be amazing at that. Computers have incredibly rudimentary algorithms that try to do some of that, but are clearly nowhere near what any human brain can do. Andrew Ng explains X-Y pairings during our Skype interview. Google and Facebook get a lot of attention in the United States, but tell us about some of what Baidu is working on that’s powered by AI. One of the things that Baiu did well early on was to create an internal platform for deep learning. What that did was enable engineers all across the company, including people who were not AI researchers, to leverage deep learning in all sorts of creative ways—applications that an AI researcher like me never would have thought of. There’s a very long tail of all sorts of creative products—beyond our core web search, image search and advertising businesses—that are powered by deep learning. A couple of examples: Our computer security products use deep learning to recognize threats. I wouldn’t have thought of doing that, and I wouldn’t have known how to do it. We use deep learning to try to predict a day in advance when a hard disk is going to fail, and this increases the reliability and reduces the cost of our data centers. Baidu has also created a Google Glass-like technology, a digital assistant and, I believe, even an intelligent bike. Is there a market for these products, or are they just interesting experiments right now? I consider them research explorations for now. But based on the feedback we’ve gotten from the community, there is definitely demand for things like smart bikes and wearable cameras. Actually in China just a couple of weeks ago, we demoed a new product called Dulife, which uses computer vision and natural language processing to try to tell blind people what is in front of them. It turns out, for example, that there are several different dollar bills in China that are the same size and blind people have to tell by touch how they’re different. But after a bill has been in circulation for some time, the tactile portions get worn down and it becomes difficult to tell the bill’s denomination. That’s one use case where simple computer vision can tell you if this a ¥20 bill or ¥50 bill. That was something that blind individuals actively requested. Is the Chinese market where Baidu primarily operates different from the United States or elsewhere with regard to these types of mobile or wearable devices? The Chinese market is very different. One of the things that I believe is that the biggest, hottest tech trend in China right now is O2O, or online-to-offline. This concept of O2O refers to using your mobile device to connect you to physical services around you, whether it’s a car wash, food delivery, finding a local discounted movie right around the corner, having someone do your manicure, or hiring a chef who’ll show up in your house to cook for you. There are all these things in the United States, as well, but I think China’s high population density has made it efficient for O2O to rise very quickly. Also, a lot of users’ first computational device in China is a smartphone. When your first computational device is a cell phone, then you start learning the most efficient ways to use a cell phone right away without having to transition from a laptop. To learn more about what O2O and the Chinese version of the sharing economy, read this story and watch the videos of Andrew Ng testing out some apps during a recent visit to Beijing. When will we stop talking about AI as a novel thing, and just start taking it for granted like so many other technologies? I feel like on the Gartner Hype Cycle, we might be just cresting. I think the peak of fears about AI super-intelligence was maybe the peak, and we’re just getting past that right now. It’s hard to tell, I might be wrong, but I’d love to get to a future where there’s less hype about AI and we’re more focused on making progress. Even in the field of computer vision, where there has been remarkable progress in training computers to recognize things such as objects, faces and handwriting, I think the technology has got a bit ahead of our ideas for how to integrate it into products. So we’re not at the point where we can be unimpressed when our apps or devices recognize us or the stuff around us? I think it will be a while for computer vision, because there just aren’t that many computer vision products yet. But I’ll share one that monetizes well. It turns out that on Baidu’s advertising system, if you show a user a piece of text, that works OK. But with our deep learning technology, it can help an advertiser select a small image to show the user along with the text. So rather than having you read a bunch of text about a holiday in Bali, maybe it can show a picture of Bali, and you understand it in a fraction of a second. This helps users figure out much more quickly what an ad is about, and has a marked impact on our ability to connect users and advertisers. To learn more about machine learning, watch this Fortune video: Sign up for Data Sheet, Fortune’s daily newsletter about the business of technology.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line770
__label__wiki	0.841089	0.841089	Energyclean power Britain Has Its First Day Without Coal Power Since the Industrial Revolution David Z. Morris “Carrying coals to Newcastle” is, to this day, the idiom of choice for futility in life and business. The coastal English city, after all, sits over once-rich coal seams, the natural resource advantage that arguably helped Britain become the nexus of the industrial revolution, and even helped extend its world-bestriding colonial might. But coal, like the British Empire, isn’t what it used to be: Britain’s National Grid announced on Friday that the home islands had gone a full 24 hours without using electricity derived from coal. According to the agency, that hasn’t happened since the opening of the world’s first coal-power plant, Thomas Edison’s Holborn Viaduct station, in London. That was in January of 1882—nearly 135 years ago. National Grid can confirm that for the past 24 hours, it has supplied GB's electricity demand without the need for #coal generation. pic.twitter.com/vgyWEUYqZ4 — NG Control Room (@NGControlRoom) April 21, 2017 Get Data Sheet, Fortune’s technology newsletter. The coal-free interlude is emblematic of a dramatic broader rollback of coal consumption in both Britain and the U.S. Only 9% of Britain’s electricity came from coal in 2016, down from 23% in 2015, according to The Guardian. Stateside, 2016 saw a stunning 18% dropoff in energy production from coal. That trend is almost certain to continue, as both natural gas and renewable energy become cheaper and environmental regulations tighten. Britain’s climate change goals include a plan to shut down all coal plants by 2025. That final transition won’t come entirely easily, though. The main obstacle to the complete elimination of coal power is its still-vital role in “peakers”—plants that can be easily turned on when demand is at its highest. Spring, with mild temperatures and ample sunlight, makes peaking less necessary. But making it through winter and summer without coal will, in most locales, require revamping the power grid, such as with large-scale battery storage.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line771
__label__wiki	0.632872	0.632872	Ubisoft Forums > Assassin's Creed > Assassin's Creed - General Discussions > The death of the assassins (spoilers for the whole series) View Full Version : The death of the assassins (spoilers for the whole series) frodrigues55 Hi guys, I've got a question for those who can help me. Basically, the series has gone too damn big for me to follow everything and I don't really know most of what happens outside of the games. Here's what I know - Altair's death was covered in Revelations; Ezio's in Embers, I saw that one. Edward's was covered in Forseken, I read that one (it was beautiful). But do any of the other medias mention how Connor, Aveline or Adewale died or whatever happened to them after the games? If yes, would you care to tell me how, lol? With the novels and now Initaties I feel like I'm missing a lot :confused: dbzk1999 Don't know about Connor or Avelines but I know that adewale ended up getting murdered LoyalACFan "Adewale was murdered," said Assassin's Creed Initiates. But evidently not until he was like 80. But poor kid, how tragic! Does it explain when or how? No, but he made it to at least 1751, which is when he met his grandson for the first time after the great earthquake (meaning he lived to at least 59 years old). Eseosa first mentions him as "my murdered gran pe" in a letter dated 1776, so If we're to assume his death was recent at that point, he died at 84ish. Pretty damn good run TBH. That makes him the second longest-lived Assassin we've played as after Altair (that we know of; Connor and Aveline are still undetermined). Morphone Re. Edward Kenway's remaining years - Although I knew about his fate well before I beat AC4, I'm really hoping that UBISoft is working on another SP DLC for AC4 which allows us to experience (play through) the last years of Edward's life. I think it would be a great way to bring closure to AC4, as it's never really been done before in an AC game (ending a game on a tragic note - unless you count the end of AC3's fate of Desmond a tragedy, but I have a feeling we haven't seen the last of him). Sorry to the OP for kinda going off topic (suggestions). Fatal-Feit Technically speaking, an AC game based on Forsaken would end up like Heavy Rain or Beyond Two Souls... In the latest podcast with Darby McDevitt, he explained that about 7-8 years of Edward's life on the high seas after AC:IV haven't been touched yet. So if they wanted, they could of have already started a sequel for AC:IV. No need to apologize, Morphone! A game covering Edward's latest years (including death) is something I wish we had too! In fact, I was hoping for an epilogue in AC4, was a bit disappointed we didn't get it :( Thanks everyone who replied, I had a bunch of questions to be made but then I remembered AC Wikia lol. Everything I was meant to ask was covered there - Some time later, Adéwalé returned to Port-au-Prince, where he shared a night of passion with Bastienne; she became pregnant and eventually bore a son. Adéwalé returned to the city to offer aid following the 1751 Port-au-Prince earthquake. There he met his son, and thereafter took him to join the Brotherhood. Adéwalé's son in turn had a child, Eseosa, who also went on to join the Assassins, and was an influential participant in the Haitian Revolution. Adéwalé himself was murdered, at some point prior to 1776.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line773
__label__wiki	0.914262	0.914262	Adults, African-American Firsts, Awards/Honors, Commemorations, Community, Education, International, News, Records/Prizes, Scholarships, Teens, U.S. December 17, 2016 African-American College Students Garner a Record Seven Rhodes Scholarships for 2017 (L to R) Cameron D. Clarke, Aryn A. Frazier, Christian E. Nattiel, Olivia A. Klevorn, Aaron C. Robertson, Ahmed M. Ahmed, and Caylin L. Moore (photos via jbhe.com) article via jbhe.com (additional reporting by Peggy Terry) Recently, the Rhodes Trust announced the 32 American winners of Rhodes Scholarships for graduate study at Oxford University in England. Being named a Rhodes Scholar is considered among the highest honors that can be won by a U.S. college student. The scholarships were created in 1902 by the will of Cecil Rhodes, an industrialist who made a vast fortune in colonial Africa. According to the will of Rhodes, applicants must have “high academic achievement, integrity of character, a spirit of unselfishness, respect for others, potential for leadership, and physical vigor.” This year, about 2,500 students applied to be Rhodes Scholars. More than 880 students were endorsed by 311 college or university for consideration for a Rhodes Scholarship. Some 230 applicants were named finalists. Then, two Rhodes Scholars were selected from each of 16 districts across the United States. The Rhodes Trust pays all tuition and fees for scholarship winners to study at Oxford. A stipend for living and travel expenses is also provided. In 1907 Alain LeRoy Locke, later a major philosopher and literary figure of the Harlem Renaissance, was selected as a Rhodes Scholar to study at Oxford University. It would be more than 50 years later, in 1962, until another African American would be named a Rhodes Scholar. Other African Americans who have won Rhodes Scholarships include Randall Kennedy of Harvard Law School, Kurt Schmoke, former mayor of Baltimore, and Franklin D. Raines, former director of the Office of Management and Budget and former CEO of Fannie Mae. In 1978 Karen Stevenson of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill was the first African-American woman selected as a Rhodes Scholar. The Rhodes Trust does not publicize the race or ethnicity of scholarship winners. But it appears that this year seven of the 32 Rhodes winners are African Americans. This is the most African American Rhodes Scholars in history. Following are brief biographies of the African American winners: Cameron D. Clarke is a senior at Howard University in Washington, D.C. He is the fourth Howard student to win a Rhodes Scholarship. Clarke is majoring in community health education and biology. He is the news editor of the student newspaper at Howard and serves as an intern for the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology at the U.S. House of Representatives. Clarke plans to study for a master’s degree in primary health care at Oxford. Aryn A. Frazier is a senior at the University of Virginia, where she is double majoring in politics and African American and African studies. Frazier is president of the Black Student Alliance at the university. Frazier, a resident of Laurel, Maryland, plans to study for a master’s degree in comparative politics at Oxford. Christian E. Nattiel from Madeira Beach, Florida, is a senior at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. At West Point, Nattiel is double-majoring in mathematical sciences and philosophy and is a member of the academy’s handball team. At Oxford, Nattiel will study for master’s degrees in comparative social policy and public policy. Olivia A. Klevorn is a senior at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. A native of Chicago, Klevorn is majoring in anthropology. At Yale, Klevorn is the director of the Heritage Theatre Ensemble and president of a student-run poetry association. She will study for a Ph.D. in socio-legal studies at Oxford. Aaron C. Robertson of Redford, Michigan, is a senior at Princeton University in New Jersey. He is majoring in Italian and focuses his research on Afro-Italian literature. At Princeton, he is the co-editor-in-chief of the Nassau Literary Review. Robertson plans to pursue a master’s degree in modern languages at Oxford. Ahmed M. Ahmed is a biology major at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. He is a resident of Rochester, Minnesota. His research is focused on the development of new synthetic strategies for producing polymers. He is the son of immigrants from Somalia. Ahmed will study for a master’s degree in organic and medical chemistry at Oxford. Caylin L. Moore is a member of the football team at Texas Christian University in Fort Worth. A resident of Carson, California, Moore is majoring in economics at TCU. He was raised in poverty and was homeless. His father was convicted to a life sentence for murder. Moore is the founder of an organization of student athletes who encourage children from disadvantaged groups to attend college. He will study public policy as a Rhodes Scholar. To read full article, go to: https://www.jbhe.com/2016/12/a-record-year-for-african-american-rhodes-scholars/ Filed under: Aaron C. Robertson, African-American Rhodes Scholars, Ahmed M. Ahmed, Alain LeRoy Locke, Aryn A. Frazier, Cameron D. Clarke, Caylin Moore, Cecil Rhodes, Christian E. Nattiel, Cornell University, England, Franklin D. Raines, Howard University, Karen Stevenson, Kurt Schmoke, Olivia A. Klevorn, Oxford University, Princeton University, Randall Kennedy, Rhodes Scholarship, Texas Christian University, University Of Virginia, West Point, Yale University Compton, CA Teen Elijah “E-Jayy” Christopher DeVaughn Overcomes Hardships to Earn Early Acceptance to Harvard “Grey’s Anatomy” Creator Shonda Rhimes Offers “MasterClass” on Writing for Television 5 thoughts on “African-American College Students Garner a Record Seven Rhodes Scholarships for 2017” dancingpalmtrees says: Reblogged this on Espiritu en Fuego/A Fiery Spirit and commented: Salute Our Scholars! Hands Clapping! sepultura13 says: Reblogged this on Random Ramblings; Myriad Musings and commented: Excellent academic achievements! I applaud each and every one of these seven brilliant, hard-working individuals. lkeke35 says: Black Excellence! #BlackMagic! Mr. Militant Negro says: Reblogged this on The Militant Negro™. Wilson Fair says: Exceptional academic excellence ! Well deserved ! My blessing !	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line774
__label__cc	0.652237	0.347763	TU Dublin - City Campus Institution / Tu Dublin City Campus TU Dublin - City Campus menu Law - Professional The Master of Arts in Law (Professional) is a post-graduate law degree providing a pathway to both branches of the legal profession. It also offers a firm grounding in law for those wishing to pursue careers in public service, regulation, professional services and other sectors requiring comprehensive legal knowledge and analytical skills. The programme aims to provide students with a deep understanding of the institutional framework and principles of Irish Law, enabling them to apply and critically evaluate legal rules and processes. Students will learn how to draw upon legal sources to propose novel solutions to a range of regulatory difficulties and thus develop high-level reasoning and analytical skills. They will acquire advocacy and policy development skills through engagement with a range of social, commercial and regulatory issues at a national and EU level. All core professional subjects including those examined by both the Law Society and King's Inns entrance examinations are offered on the programme, which is an accredited law degree for the purposes of King's Inns admission. The programme is offered on a modular basis; students must take Legal Skills in their first year of registration, but can choose their remaining modules from the full suite offered. Classes are held, in the main, during the day. Some subjects are offered in the evening. A sample timetable is available from the law office: law@dit.ie Full-time students are expected to devote approximately 40 hours per week to class attendance and self-study. Examinations are held once a year in May. Coursework is set throughout the academic year. Graduates of any discipline who wish to pursue a career in law will find that the Master of Arts in Law (Professional) provides them with a comprehensive grounding in the academic discipline of law. The programme is accredited by King's Inns as a qualifying law degree and also offers a structured pathway to completion of the Law Society's Final Examination Part 1 over two years. The programme is also suitable for those who may have earned their primary degree some years ago and who wish to retrain or re-enter the workforce. No prior knowledge of law is expected. The programme will also be of interest to those already working in the legal industry who wish to upskill and to public servants and other professionals who engage with law in their day-to-day work. The timetable for the programme has been configured to allow those in employment to complete over 4 years part-time by attending one day per week. Admission to the Master of Arts in Law (Professional) requires at least a second class honours level 8 primary degree (2.2 or higher). Due to competition for places, satisfying the minimum entry requirements is not a guarantee of a place. Offers for the programme will be made in two tranches Students who obtained the DIT Post-Graduate Diploma in Law in 2014 or later may apply for entry into year two of the programme. However, these students should note that the Master of Arts in Law (Professional) is accredited by King's Inns only for those who commence year one in 2017/8 or later. DT9028 (2 Years) / DT9029 (4 Years) Timetable/hours Instruction is provided through a combination of lectures and coursework. Students are expected to complement timetabled hours with private study and self-learning. There are approximately 13 timetabled hours per week, depending on the modules selected by the student. A commitment of approximately 40 hours per week is normally required of students on the course. Classes run between 9am and 6pm Monday to Friday and 6-9pm Monday to Thursday where evening options are selected. When taken part-time, students will have class contact time of approximately 6.5 hours per week with a total time commitment of 20 hours per week. Whilst some modules are offered in the evening, part-time student's take the bulk of their classes with full-time students. Therefore although a part-time option is available, this is not an evening programme and attendance during the day should be expected. A sample timetable is available from the law office: law@dit.ie Careers or further progression It is expected that many graduates of the Master of Arts in Law (Professional) will go on to enter the legal professions either as a solicitor or barrister. A background in a discipline other than law, together with a good quality legal education, is highly sought after by the larger law firms and is a significant asset to practising barristers. In addition to the professions, graduates are well placed to succeed in competitions for public service employment and to obtain positions in highly regulated industries such as pharmaceuticals, Information Technology, Banking and Finance, Insurance and Energy. Graduates of the Master of Arts in Law (Professional) are eligible to sit the King's Inns entrance examination (provided they have selected appropriate subjects during the programme). All eight subjects examined by the Law Society in the Final Examination Part 1 are offered on the programme, although the syllabi at DIT may not exactly cover all areas of the Law Society syllabi. Full details in relation to the requirements for King's Inns and the Law Society are available on their respective websites. Further enquiries Dr Deirdre McGowan School of Languages, Law & Social Sciences, College of Arts and Tourism, Department of Law, DIT Aungier Street. T: 01-702 7181 E: law@dit.ie Subjects taught All students take a Legal Skills module in their first year of registration. This module emphasises practical skills such as research, writing and advocacy. Students also participate in moot courts, prepare and deliver presentations and work together in completing group projects. Students take five additional modules in first year and six modules in second year. There are no required modules beyond Legal Skills and for 2018/9 the modules offered are: Company Law, Constitutional Law, Contract Law, Criminal Law, Equity, European Union Law, Property Law, Law of Torts, Refugee and Asylum Law, Evidence, Jurisprudence, Administrative Law, European Human Rights Law, Criminology, Media and Intellectual Property Law, Family Law, Law & Society Research Clinic. Qualification Awarded: Award Graduates of the programme are eligible for the award of Master of Arts in Law (Professional) of the Dublin Institution of Technology. Assessment method Assessment consists of a combination of examination and coursework. Some modules are examination only, some are entirely coursework based and others use a combination of both modes of assessment. Examinations are held once a year in May. Closing Date: The general closing date is 30th April 2019. Please note that late applications may be accepted subject to availability. Enrolment and start dates Location: DIT Aungier St Course web page Link to course fee Qualification letters: Degree - Masters (Level 9 NFQ) Attendance Types: Apply to: Course provider Remember to mention gradireland when contacting institutions!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line775
__label__wiki	0.667273	0.667273	Greater Surbiton The perfect is the enemy of the good Anders Behring Breivik, the Balkans and the new European far-right The Norwegian terrorist Anders Behring Breivik appears very interested in the Balkans. A lot of space in his ponderous 1,518-page ‘manifesto’ is devoted to discussing Balkan themes. This is not limited merely to praising Radovan Karadzic (‘for his efforts to rid Serbia of Islam he will always be remembered as an honourable Crusader and a European war hero’), supporting the past Serb ethnic cleansing of Bosniaks and Albanians, condemning Kosovo’s independence and demanding that all Bosniaks and Muslim Albanians be deported from Europe (while the Muslim Turkish populations of Cyprus and western Anatolia are to be deported to central Anatolia). It involves also lengthy ruminations on hundreds of years of Ottoman and Turkish history, in which Breivik demonises all aspects of the Ottoman heritage. Some commentators have argued that this psychopathic mass-murderer represents such an exceptional case that his actual beliefs are irrelevant to understanding his actions. According to Simon Jenkins in the Guardian, ‘The Norwegian tragedy is just that, a tragedy. It does not signify anything and should not be forced to do so. A man so insane he can see nothing wrong in shooting dead 68 young people in cold blood is so exceptional as to be of interest to criminology and brain science, but not to politics.’ As a rule, Jenkins is absolutely wrong about everything, and this is no exception. Breivik represents the exemplar of an extremely dangerous trend in Western and European politics, and his interest in the Balkans – or rather, in his own mythologised narrative of Balkan history – flows naturally from this. Breivik’s actions are exceptional, but his views are not. His views on Islam and on immigration are in some important respects typical of the right-wing Islamophobic current, some of whose prominent members and groups he cites or sympathises with in his manifesto: Geert Wilders, Robert Spencer, Melanie Phillips, Srdja Trifkovic, Mark Steyn, the English Defence League (EDL) and others. He sees immigration, particularly Muslim immigration, coupled with liberal multiculturalism and political correctness, as a mortal threat to European or Western society. Such views are often justified by their holders as being ‘pro-Western’, whereby ‘the West’ is counterposed to ‘Islam’, as if the two were binary opposites. In reality, the very opposite is true: modern European civilisation was built upon foundations that were Islamic as well as Christian, Jewish, pagan and others. The Enlightenment gave rise to a Europe in which the sectarian religious animosities that characterised the pre-Enlightenment age could be transcended; modern Western liberal and secular values are founded upon the principle of religious toleration. Far from being ‘pro-Western’; our contemporary right-wing Islamophobes, in seeking to rekindle the religious divide between Christians and Muslims that characterised pre-Enlightenment Europe, reject Western values in favour of pre-Western values. During their successful Vienna War of 1683-1699 against the Ottoman Empire, Austrian Habsburg forces slaughtered, plundered, expelled or forcibly converted to Christianity the Muslim population of the Hungarian and Croatian territories they reconquered, which were forcibly de-Islamised; the Austrians burned the Ottoman Bosnian city of Sarajevo to the ground. The subsequent Ottoman Bosnian victory over Habsburg forces in the Battle of Banja Luka of 1737 saved the Bosnian Muslims from their destruction as a people that an Austrian conquest of Bosnia would have involved. Yet when the Austrian Habsburgs did finally succeed in occupying Sarajevo and Bosnia in 1878, they protected the Muslim population and respected the Islamic religion. Europe, in the interval, had experienced the Enlightenment. It is the pre-Enlightenment Europe to which today’s right-wing Islamophobes look back nostalgically; something symbolised in the name of the anti-Islamic hate-blog, ‘Gates of Vienna’, named after the Ottoman siege of Vienna of 1683 and cited approvingly by Breivik. Hence Breivik’s own obsessive demonising of the Ottoman ‘other’ and its history, all the way back to the Middle Ages. The right-wing Islamophobes are the mirror-image of the Islamists they claim to oppose. Nineteenth-century opponents of liberal secular values frequently became anti-Semites, seeing the Jews, as they did, as the beneficiaries of these values, to which the Jews owed their emancipation. Today’s Muslim opponents of the Enlightenment have inherited Christian anti-Semitism, whereas the Christian reactionaries have transferred their animosity to a different – Muslim – minority. Apologists blame individuals like Breivik and groups like the EDL and British National Party (BNP) on supposedly ‘objective’ problems of aggressive Islam and immigration that mainstream politicians are supposedly failing to tackle. Just as apologists for Islamism blame it on supposed ‘root causes’ to be found in US imperialism or the behaviour of Israel. Just as earlier apologists for anti-Semitism blamed anti-Semitism on the Jews. The Islamophobes point to Muslim support for Islamic extremism as their anti-Semitic predecessors once pointed to Jewish support for communism. As their Islamist counterparts point to Jewish support for Zionism. And so on. Such chauvinistic ideologies are not caused by the minority or foreign groups that they target. Undeniably, popular anti-Semitism before World War II tended to be strongest in countries with large, visible Jewish populations, like Poland and Romania, just as popular Islamophobia today is often strongest in West European cities that have experienced large-scale Muslim immigration, but this does not mean that the victims of the bigotry are to blame. Muslim immigration does not automatically give rise to Islamophobia, any more than Zionism automatically gives rise to Muslim anti-Semitism, or ‘US imperialism’ gives rise to Islamist terrorism. Right-wing Islamophobia, Islamism, anti-immigrant racism and modern anti-Semitism are all, in their different ways, expressions of a more general reaction against, and rejection of, modernity and what it implies. Interestingly, Breivik, who apparently never had a proper girlfriend and lived with his mother until he was thirty, shares Islamism’s extreme misogyny and gender insecurity. His manifesto rails against the ‘feminisation of European culture’ and the supposed emasculation of the contemporary European male, complaining that Muslim immigrants are systematically raping white European women, but that ‘As a Western man, I would be tempted to say that Western women have to some extent brought this upon themselves. They have been waging an ideological, psychological and economic war against European men for several generations now, believing that this would make you “free”… Western women have been subjected to systematic Marxist indoctrination meant to turn you into a weapon of mass destruction against your own civilisation, a strategy that has been remarkably successful.’ But of course, not all Islamophobes are straightforwardly conservative; some oppose Muslims and Islam on the grounds that the latter are sexist and homophobic. Such syntheses of liberalism and illiberalism are nothing new; European fascism and its sympathisers of the 1920s, 30s and 40s had their liberal roots and tendencies too, however paradoxical that might sound (readers are recommended to read Julian Jackson’s excellent France: The Dark Years, 1940-1944, that describes the synthesis of liberal, conservative Catholic and radical right-wing currents that found expression in the 1940s Vichy regime in France). What our contemporary Islamophobes share – conservatives and ‘liberals’ alike – is conformism, xenophobia, fear of change, hostility to diversity, paranoia about minorities and a longing for the order and certainties of a lost, idealised ‘golden age’ that, in some cases, may not even be very long ago. In the Nordic countries, home of the Jante Law, where an apparently model liberalism frequently masks extreme conformism and insularity, where foreign guests and immigrants usually find it very difficult to fit in (in a way that they don’t in London or New York, for example), and where virulent anti-immigration parties such as the Danish People’s Party and Sweden Democrats have enjoyed success at the polls, this takes its own particular form. Far from needing to be shielded from greater diversity, my feeling is that the Nordic world would benefit from more of it; that even if Norway has no pressing economic reason to join the EU, immersion and participation in the common European project would benefit it culturally and spiritually. But for all that, the sickness that created Breivik is a European and global sickness, not just a Nordic sickness. This brings us back to the Balkans, a region that resembles the Nordic world in the extent of its often stultifying insularity. For all that Serbia appeared to pursue its own sonderweg during the late 1980s and 1990s, at another level, the Serbian nationalist right and anti-democratic left were exemplars and pioneers of what became an all-European anti-immigrant and Islamophobic trend. Serbian nationalist and Communist hardliners railed against the restrictions supposedly placed on Serbia by membership of a multinational community – the Yugoslav federation. They railed against high Muslim and Albanian birth-rates that were resulting in the Serbs being ‘out-bred’, while lamenting the lower birth-rate among Serbs as symptomatic of national decline. They railed against the supposed mass immigration of ethnic Albanians from Albania into Kosovo; against the supposed Kosovo Albanian cultural ‘otherness’ and refusal to assimilate; against Kosovo Albanians allegedly raping Serb women while the authorities stood idly by. They lamented the supposed corruption and decline of their national culture while indulging in medievalist escapism. All these themes have now been taken up by nationalists in other European countries. For example, in Breivik’s words, ‘The Muslims in Bosnian Serbia; the so called Bosniaks and Albanians had waged deliberate demographic warfare (indirect genocide) against Serbs for decades. This type of warfare is one of the most destructive forms of Jihad and is quite similar to what we are experiencing now in Western Europe.’ Andrew Gilligan, writing in the Telegraph, has claimed that the danger posed by far-right (i.e. white, Christian) terrorists like Breivik is simply not on the same order of magnitude as that posed by al-Qaeda: ‘Over the last 10 years, nationalist terrorists, even counting Breivik, have killed about 200 Westerners; al-Qaeda has killed about 4,000… The white Right should not be ignored by the security authorities – but it would be dangerous to divert our attention from the real threat.’ But this is wrong: tens of thousands of Muslims were killed by white Christians in Bosnia, Kosovo and Chechnya in the 1990s. Breivik has praised the killers, both Radovan Karadzic and Vladimir Putin; the numbers of their victims in Europe dwarf those of al Qaeda. The danger is that Breivik is the harbinger of a trend. Extremism and chauvinism among the majority will always ultimately be more dangerous than extremism and chauvinism among minorities. Right-wing populists such as Geert Wilders and Marine Le Pen may not themselves incite violence, and cannot be equated with a killer like Breivik. But the climate of intolerance they are promoting threatens to give rise to many more Breiviks. The Islamophobic, anti-immigration far-right is the no. 1 internal threat in Western Europe to European society and Western values today. This article was published today on the website of the Henry Jackson Society. Friday, 29 July 2011 Posted by Marko Attila Hoare \| Anti-Semitism, Balkans, European Union, Former Yugoslavia, Immigration, Islam, Marko Attila Hoare, Misogyny, Norway, Political correctness, Red-Brown Alliance, Serbia \| Anders Behring Breivik, Andrew Gilligan, Arnaldur Indridason, BNP, British National Party, Danish People's Party, EDL, English Defence League, Geert Wilders, Henning Mankell, Jante Law, Mark Steyn, Melanie Phillips, Radovan Karadzic, Robert Spencer, Simon Jenkins, Srdja Trifkovic, Stieg Larsson, Sweden Democrats \| Leave a comment The Henry Jackson Society and Douglas Murray Update: Since publishing this article, I have resigned from the Henry Jackson Society and severed my links with it. I have published a full exposé of the HJS’s degeneration. Regular readers of this blog will be aware that I am the European Neighbourhood Section Director of the Henry Jackson Society (HJS), a think-tank that promotes democratic geopolitics, and of which I have been a member since its foundation. I believe that the HJS is a positive, progressive voice that has been and is listened to with respect by British politicians and government ministers, both Labour and Conservative. We were founded in reaction against the shameful conservative-realist British government policies of the first half of the 1990s, that resulted in British inaction over, and collusion in, the Bosnian and Rwandan genocides. We are guided above all by the belief that idealism is the best realism, and that British and Western interests are best served by support for, and promotion of, democracy and human rights globally. We have strongly urged Western support for the struggle for democracy in the Middle East, on the side of the people and against the dictatorships in Libya, Syria and elsewhere. We are pro-European and pro-American, strongly upholding both Britain’s alliance with the US and our close involvement in European affairs. Readers may have noticed, however, that I have not written or otherwise worked for the HJS since March of this year. The reason for this is that I have deep reservations about the decision of the HJS, announced in April, to merge with another think-tank, the Centre for Social Cohesion (CSC), and to appoint its director, Douglas Murray, as the HJS’s own associate director. I was not consulted on this step, and learned about it only after it had been publicly announced. Had I been consulted, I would have argued against it, since I consider many of the political positions upheld by Murray and the CSC to be antithetical to my own positions and to those for which, I believed, the HJS stood. I am referring to Murray’s frequently stated views on Muslims and Islam. I have not wished to contribute further to the work of the HJS until I have had time to decide what my own response to the merger with the CSC and to Murray’s appointment should be, and to make my views clear on the matter. I should begin by saying that I share Murray’s principled opposition to Islamic extremism, and his view that the British political classes in the past have been complacent in facing up to the threat that it poses. I agree with the views expressed by our Prime Minister, David Cameron, in the fantastic speech he gave at the Munich Security Conference in February of this year: ‘Whether they are violent in their means or not, we must make it impossible for the extremists to succeed. Now, for governments, there are some obvious ways we can do this. We must ban preachers of hate from coming to our countries. We must also proscribe organisations that incite terrorism against people at home and abroad. Governments must also be shrewder in dealing with those that, while not violent, are in some cases part of the problem. We need to think much harder about who it’s in the public interest to work with. Some organisations that seek to present themselves as a gateway to the Muslim community are showered with public money despite doing little to combat extremism. As others have observed, this is like turning to a right-wing fascist party to fight a violent white supremacist movement. So we should properly judge these organisations: do they believe in universal human rights – including for women and people of other faiths? Do they believe in equality of all before the law? Do they believe in democracy and the right of people to elect their own government? Do they encourage integration or separation? These are the sorts of questions we need to ask. Fail these tests and the presumption should be not to engage with organisations – so, no public money, no sharing of platforms with ministers at home. At the same time, we must stop these groups from reaching people in publicly-funded institutions like universities or even, in the British case, prisons. Now, some say, this is not compatible with free speech and intellectual inquiry. Well, I say, would you take the same view if these were right-wing extremists recruiting on our campuses? Would you advocate inaction if Christian fundamentalists who believed that Muslims are the enemy were leading prayer groups in our prisons? And to those who say these non-violent extremists are actually helping to keep young, vulnerable men away from violence, I say nonsense. Would you allow the far right groups a share of public funds if they promise to help you lure young white men away from fascist terrorism? Of course not. But, at root, challenging this ideology means exposing its ideas for what they are, and that is completely unjustifiable. We need to argue that terrorism is wrong in all circumstances. We need to argue that prophecies of a global war of religion pitting Muslims against the rest of the world are nonsense.’ For those who have not done so, I strongly recommend that you read this speech in its entirety. Among the many sensible points that Cameron made, was the following: ‘We have got to get to the root of the problem, and we need to be absolutely clear on where the origins of where these terrorist attacks lie. That is the existence of an ideology, Islamist extremism. We should be equally clear what we mean by this term, and we must distinguish it from Islam. Islam is a religion observed peacefully and devoutly by over a billion people. Islamist extremism is a political ideology supported by a minority. At the furthest end are those who back terrorism to promote their ultimate goal: an entire Islamist realm, governed by an interpretation of Sharia. Move along the spectrum, and you find people who may reject violence, but who accept various parts of the extremist worldview, including real hostility towards Western democracy and liberal values. It is vital that we make this distinction between religion on the one hand, and political ideology on the other. Time and again, people equate the two. They think whether someone is an extremist is dependent on how much they observe their religion. So, they talk about moderate Muslims as if all devout Muslims must be extremist. This is profoundly wrong. Someone can be a devout Muslim and not be an extremist. We need to be clear: Islamist extremism and Islam are not the same thing.’ Unfortunately, the distinction made by Cameron – between Islamic extremism and Islam – is not one that is made by Murray; on the contrary, he conflates Islam and Islamism, and attacks not just Islamists, but Muslims and Islam in general. Murray has stated: ‘In the middle of the last century, there was an almost negligible Muslim presence in Europe [sic !] At the turn of the twenty-first, in Western Europe alone, there were 15-17 million Muslims – that’s a very fast migration, ladies and gentlemen; one of the fastest in human history, and no society would find it easy to deal with that kind of migration. As it happens, European societies, Western European societies, have, I think, dealt with this, much better than some would. Certainly, Muslims coming to live in Britain and in Western Europe enjoy more rights and better rights, among them freedom of worship, than they do in any Islamic country on the Earth here today. We do have a problem; we have a problem when the failures of Islam throughout the world; the failures of all Islamic societies come here into Britain. Their intolerance of freedom of conscience; their intolerance of apostates; their intolerance of freedom of expression and freedom of speech; their intolerance of minorities, other religious minorities, sexual minorities; their intolerance of gays; their dislike and distrust of half of the population – women; and many, many other things. And they call, what is more, for a parallel legal system within Britain and European societies. This is monstrous; no other group behaves like this – asks for parallel laws. This is a fundamental problem, and it’s one we’re going to have to deal with. It’s a problem between a society – Western Europe – that believes that laws are based on reason, and Islam that believes that they are based on revelation. Between these two ideas, I’m not sure there is very much compromise for Europe. It is not Europe that has let down its Muslims, but the Muslims of Europe that have let down Europe. … It is not Europe that has failed its Muslims; it is Islam that has failed Europe. I’d argue, Islam has failed its Muslims.’ [emphasis added] At the Pim Fortuyn Memorial Conference of 2006, Murray stated: ‘It is late in the day, but Europe still has time to turn around the demographic time-bomb which will soon see a number of our largest cities fall to Muslim majorities. It has to. All immigration into Europe from Muslim countries must stop. In the case of a further genocide such as that in the Balkans, sanctuary would be given on a strictly temporary basis. This should also be enacted retrospectively. Those who are currently in Europe having fled tyrannies should be persuaded back to the countries which they fled from once the tyrannies that were the cause of their flight have been removed.’ Murray has described the English Defence League as: ‘an extraordinary phenomenon which, by the way, in my opinion wouldn’t have occurred if the government had got a grip on al-Muhajiroun. It only came about because the authorities didn’t do anything about the that particularly thuggish organisation. These things have consequences. The English Defence League, when they started protesting, had banners saying things like, you know, sharia law discriminates against women; sharia law is anti-gay. Well, I’m good with both of those sentiments; I’m sure most people in this room are. If you were ever going to have a grass-roots response from non-Muslims to Islamism, that would be how you’d want it, surely ? But of course, we all know, there are awkward things around this. There have been exposed links from the EDL with-far right organisations, in individual cases, and maybe – others will know more about this – wider than that. But you know, for instance, Louis Amis wrote a very interesting piece in the Standpoint magazine some months ago, after investigation, and he said, and others have said, that as far as they can see, within the EDL, they have tried to kick out BNP sentiments. Does this mean that they aren’t racist or that they are ? I’m not making a definitive point. I’m just saying that these things are extremely complex, and we ought to be careful before dismissing whole swathes of people.’ It is true that on an earlier occasion, Murray said of the EDL, ‘In an interview, EDL “spokesman” Paul Ray said they were opposed to “all devout Muslims”. The EDL say they are not BNP, but there are certainly BNP people who have been involved with them and as a result, and because of Ray’s awful comment, I think it important to have nothing to do with them.’ Yet Murray’s subsequent comments still present rather more nuance than I consider appropriate when dealing with a fascist organisation of street thugs such as the EDL. The nuance does not appear to have deterred the EDL from promoting Murray’s comments about it on its website. Murray also, on the same occasion, said of Robert Spencer, a director of ‘Stop Islamization of America’, that ‘I happen to know Robert Spencer; I respect him; he is a very brilliant scholar and writer’. I do not consider that an appropriate way to describe Spencer, who is the proprietor of the viciously anti-Muslim site ‘Jihadwatch‘ and a promoter of Srebrenica genocide denial. Murray has denounced the idea of the ‘Ground Zero mosque’ as a ‘sick joke’. He has written passionately in defence of Geert Wilders, a Dutch far-right populist politician who believes that the Koran should be banned. He has described Islam as a ‘very backward ideology’, and complains that ‘Britain has already gone too far in accommodating Islamic ideology into our culture’. He has accused the Pope of having been ‘forced to pacify the Islamic beast’, and spoken of ‘the laughable, ahistorical and uniquely retrospective form of religious imperialism that Islam is’. In March of this year – immediately prior to the merger of the CSC with the HJS – Murray travelled to Athens to argue, alongside Melanie Phillips, against the opening of a mosque in that city, on the grounds that such a mosque could become a centre for Islamic extremism, and that ‘Islam when it is in a minority, is extremely good at talking about tolerance. In a minority, Islam loves to talk about the tolerance that people must show towards minorities [but] whenever Islam is in a majority, minority rights are nowhere to be seen. It’s a one-directional talk of minority rights… You better hope, ladies and gentlemen, that your mosque here is a first internationally, and that nobody with any unpleasant statements, any unpleasant ideas could possibly come to it’, before issuing further lurid warnings of the Islamic danger to his Greek audience, including a reference to the Islamism of the current Turkish prime minister. Murray said these things in Greece, a country where the Orthodox Christian nationalist right is extremely powerful, aggressive, intolerant and Islamophobic, while the Muslim Turkish minority is denied basic democratic rights. Murray’s appointment as Associate Director of the HJS has placed me in a dilemma. I consider his views on Islam and Muslims to be intolerant, ignorant, two-dimensional and, frankly, horrifying. I condemn them absolutely and without reservation. I think it is problematic, to say the least, that an organisation that promotes democratic geopolitics, and agitates in favour of democratisation in the Middle East, should have an associate director who opposes freedom of religious worship in Western countries, and who believes that immigration into Europe and foreign residency here should be guided by religious discrimination. Yet I believe the HJS remains an important force for good in British and Western politics, and feel personally committed to it. I do not believe that Murray’s views on Islam and Muslims are representative of the HJS as a whole, or of any of its other leading members. I am hoping that membership of the HJS will lead Murray to moderate his views on Islam and Muslims. I am not, however, optimistic that this will be the case (in a debate last month held by the Spectator magazine, he was quoted as saying that ‘Islam is not violent per se, though they’re quite good at it when they’re in charge.’) I am far from wishing to dictate what a fellow member of the HJS can or cannot say. But if Murray does continue to agitate on an anti-Muslim basis as he did before becoming Associate Director of the HJS, I shall regretfully be unable to remain a member of this organisation. Friday, 29 July 2011 Posted by Marko Attila Hoare \| Immigration, Islam, Marko Attila Hoare, Neoconservatism \| Athens, Centre for Social Cohesion, Douglas Murray, Geert Wilders, Henry Jackson Society, Marko Attila Hoare, Melanie Phillips, Robert Spencer \| 4 Comments A blog devoted to political commentary and analysis, with a particular focus on South East Europe. Born in 1972, I have been studying the history of the former Yugoslavia since 1993, and am intimately acquainted with, and emotionally attached to, the lands and peoples of Croatia, Bosnia-Hercegovina and Serbia. In the summer of 1995, I acted as translator for the aid convoy to the Bosnian town of Tuzla, organised by Workers Aid, a movement of solidarity in support of the Bosnian people. In 1997-1998 I lived and worked in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Hercegovina. In 1998-2001 I lived and worked in Belgrade, Serbia, and was resident there during the Kosovo War of 1999. As a journalist, I covered the fall of Milosevic in 2000. I worked as a Research Officer for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in 2001, and participated in the drafting of the indictment of Slobodan Milosevic. I received my BA from the University of Cambridge in 1994 and my PhD from Yale University in 2000. I was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow of the British Academy in 2001-2004, a member of the Faculty of History of the University of Cambridge in 2001-2006, an Associate Professor at Kingston University in 2006-2017, and am currently an Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science and International Relations of the Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, affiliated with the University of Buckingham. This blog was launched while I was living in Surbiton in the UK. I am based in Sarajevo and London. I am the author of four books: The Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War: A History (Hurst and Oxford University Press, London and New York, 2013), The History of Bosnia: From the Middle Ages to the Present Day (Saqi, London, 2007), Genocide and Resistance in Hitler’s Bosnia: The Partisans and the Chetniks, 1941-1943 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006) and How Bosnia Armed (Saqi, London, 2004). I am currently working on a history of modern Serbia and leading the SSST’s Bosnian Genocide research project. markohoare AT hotmail DOT com Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Marko Attila Hoare Red-Brown Alliance A Passion to Understand Abortion Survivors Network Airforce Amazons All Girls Allowed Americans for Bosnia Balkan Witness Ben Gidley Weekly Bosnian Institute Cafe Turco Congress of North American Bosniaks Eyes of the Mind Flesh is Grass Genocide Studies Media File Helsinki Committee, Serbia Hope Not Hate Howard Fredrics Institute for the Research of Genocide, Canada Jill Stanek Kingston University London Dissenter's Blog Kosovo Thanks You Liberal Crete Liberal, Feminist, Atheist, Pro-Life Rocker Chick Macedonia Timeless Macedonian Abecedar Makedonsko Sonce Max Dunbar MHRMI My Fellow American New Wave Feminists OMO “Ilinden” Pirin Parapsihopatologija Paul Bogdanor Peacefare.net Pelagon Pescanik Piran Cafe ProLife Alliance Real Student Rights Secular Pro-Life Perspectives Silvana Mondo Srebrenica Genocide Blog Sudanreeves.org Tell MAMA UK TerraNullius Trans Media Watch TransAdvocate Visegrad Genocide Memories Voices of the Bosnian Genocide Women's Rights Without Frontiers	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line777
__label__wiki	0.520122	0.520122	Highlights of Illinois Green Party November 2008 election February 4, 2009 admin Comments 1 comment A total of 52 candidates ran for office on the Green Party ticket. Ten candidates ran for U.S. Congress, received votes ranging from 6,654 to 22,309 with percentages ranging from 2.1 percent to 7.9 percent. †Jason Wallace received the most votes and Omar Lopez received the highest percentage. Two candidates ran for State Senate: Tom Durkin, 12,640 votes at 19.2 percent of the vote with one opponent, and John Basco, 6.591 votes at 6.9 percent with two opponents. Seven candidates ran for State Representative seat with one opponent; they received between 4,471 and 15,782 votes, with percentages between 14.5 percent and 33.3 percent. †Kevin O’Connor had both the highest vote total and percentage. Nine candidates ran for State Representative with two opponents; they received between 803 and 3,388 votes with percentages between 2.8 percent and 10.1 percent. Rita Maniotis received the most votes and Heather Benno received the highest percentage. Twenty-four candidates ran for various county offices; they received between 385 and 100,569 votes with percentages between 2.6 percent and 31.8 percent. Terrence Gilhooly, Recorder of Deeds, Cook County received the most votes and Mike Lehman, County Board, Champaign County received the highest percentage. ILGP had three strong candidates for County Board seats in Champaign County. 2009 Winter/Spring Elections Lessons from the success of the Illinois Green Party Greens in Maine make strides on Election Day One thought on “Highlights of Illinois Green Party November 2008 election” William P. Kreml says: Let me add one more goal, one that I think is essential if we are to do what I believe to be the single most important thing we can do between now and the 2010 election. It is to identify people in the community who are prepared to contribute money for what I think we should advertise is the single most important thing that Illinois residents need and deserve, that being the having of three, not two, choices for the office of governor. I have just sent Rich Whitney my pledge for $2,000. I have ideas where that should be spent but let’s postpone that question until later. Are there any people out there who are prepared to publicly commit to a certain figure of contribution for the office that a) gave us 10.36% of the vote in 2006, and b) keeps us an established party in Illinois? Again, I have started off with a $2,000 pledge. Follow me, at any level, and pledge to find other people in your neighborhood, at work, or wherever, who will pledge siimilarly. Be in touch with me at billkreml@gmail.com and I will help coordinate what amounts to a “large donor” program for us. In the late 1960’s my father, vice president for planning and development at Northwestern University, raised $169 million dollars in sixteen months for the doubling of the size of the Northwestern campus. Let us do something like that here. Bill Kreml	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line778
__label__cc	0.601517	0.398483	why3 066e912b233106fa779b3dc4a63c53def58b3853 OCAML-LICENSE put OCAML-LICENSE 41d7a29c Andrei Paskevich committed Dec 16, 2010 In the following, "the Library" refers to all files marked "Copyright INRIA" in the following directories and their sub-directories: new files for distrib 9ea5cab3 MARCHE Claude committed Dec 13, 2010 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 asmrun, byterun, camlp4, config, otherlibs, stdlib, win32caml and "the Compiler" refers to all files marked "Copyright INRIA" in the following directories and their sub-directories: asmcomp, boot, bytecomp, debugger, driver, lex, ocamldoc, parsing, tools, toplevel, typing, utils, yacc The Compiler is distributed under the terms of the Q Public License version 1.0 with a change to choice of law (included below). 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__label__wiki	0.546028	0.546028	Bachelor in Computer Application The early foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the moderndigital computer. Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks, such as the Abacus have existed since antiquity. Wilhelm Schickard built the first mechanical calculator in 1623. Charles Babbage designed a difference engine in Victorian times helped by Ada Lovelace Around 1900, punch-card machines were introduced. However, all of these machines were constrained to perform a single task, or at best some subset of all possible tasks. As a stream, computer science spans a range of topics from theoretical studies of algorithms and the limits of computation to the practical issues of implementing computing systems in hardware and software. The Computer Sciences Accreditation Board (CSAB) which is made up of representatives of the Association for Information Systems identifies four areas that it considers crucial to the discipline of computer science: theory of computation, algorithms and data structures, programming methodology and languages, and computer elements and architecture. In addition to these four areas, CSAB also identifies fields such as software engineering, artificial intelligence, computer networking and communication, database systems, parallel computation, distributed computation, computer-human interaction, computer graphics, operating systems, and numerical and symbolic computation as being important areas of computer science. Computer science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems. It is frequently described as the systematic study of algorithmic processes that describe and transform information; the fundamental question underlying computer science is, "What can be (efficiently) automated?" Computer science has many sub-fields; some, such as computer graphics, emphasize the computation of specific results, while others, such as computational complexity theory study the properties of computational problems. Still others focus on the challenges in implementing computations. For example, programming language theory studies approaches to describing computations, while computer programming applies specific programming graphics to solve specific computational problems, and human computer interaction focuses on the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to people. The general public sometimes confuses computer science with vocational areas that deal with computers (such as information technology), or think that it relates to their own experience of computers, which typically involves activities such as gaming, web-browsing, and word-processing. However, the focus of computer science is more on understanding the properties of the programs used to implement software such as games and web-browsers, and using that understanding to create new programs or improve existing ones. Courses on Computer Science and it's Application are fast becoming one of the most sought after courses both at undergraduate and post-graduate level in India. There are good many numbers of colleges and universities in India offering undergraduate and post-graduate courses in computer science and application. The trend is further rising owing to the rapid growth of IT and software industries in the country. A career in Computer Science has been proved lucrative and rewarding since last decade. An individual, who studies computer science at undergraduate or postgraduate level not only learns the software (language and programming etc) aspect of the computer but also learns the knowledge of operating system, programming language, data base etc. Fast growing information technology and communication systems have become critical components of almost every company's strategic plan. Companies which want to take advantage of the new information technologies and communication systems require expert Professionals, who can apply computer science principles to solve problems produced by the interface between business and technology. This is an undergraduate program where students are exposed to various areas of computer applications including the latest developments keeping pace with the industry. Information Technology sector has registered tremendous growth in the last decade of the 20th century and has created large number of career opportunity for the youth today. The institutes imparting its knowledge have a tremendous task in front of them to produce highly skilled professionals to meet the demand. Indian IT industry today accounts for almost 35% of the total export done in India. A degree from a reputed institute is a passport to realisation of the dollor dreams. The course provides a sound academic base from which an advanced career in Computer Application can be developed . These graduates can start their career a Junior Programmer and get promoted to the post of senior Programmers & Project Managers in the IT sector. THE COURSE AIMS AT REALIZING THE FOLLOWING STUDENT OBJECTIVES :- To prepare students for sound knowledge in key areas of computer science and industrial computing. To demonstrate a substantial understanding of concepts in key areas of computer science. To carry out the required analysis and synthesis involved in computer systems, information systems and computer applications. To demonstrate professional competence in developing software and in its design and implementation. To develop sound practical skills to enable them to addressing problems which arise from computer systems and applications. There are bright career prospects for computer science professionals or software professionals in recent scenario. With the opening of huge software and IT companies in India, the demand for trained professionals have increased considerably. India is known to be a leader in software and IT sector. Computer science graduates and MCA pass outs find job opportunities in a variety of environments in academia, research, industry, government, private, business organizations and so on. They are involved in analyzing problems for solutions, formulating and testing, using advanced communications or multi-media equipment, or working in teams for product development. The software and IT companies are the major employers of computer science graduates. They offer the best packages to the young graduates which are unmatched with other branches of science. The applicant must be an Indian citizen, having passed/ appeared at the Higher Secondary Examination in the General or Vocational Stream of the West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education or its equivalent examination from a recognized University/ Board. Candidates applying for admission should have English, Mathematics/ Statistics/ Business Mathematics / Computer Application at the 10+2 level. The admission of the candidate would be subject to clearing as per guidelines of affiliated University. Intake: 60 (GNIT)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line781
__label__wiki	0.67986	0.67986	Home » Latest Articles » Culture » Closing the Word Gap: Raising Bilingual Children to Excel Closing the Word Gap: Raising Bilingual Children to Excel The proverb “It takes a village to raise a child,” (also part of a book title used by former First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton in 1996) has been one of the most widely quoted expressions on the support system required to raise a child. This quote reflects the mission statement of my startup; it’s also a mantra I believe in because of my own experience of moving from low-income to educated, and then to successful. Despite the fact that I was raised by a single Latina mom who worked three jobs to support her family, I learned at home that education was the key to success and prosperity. Unlike other parents around us, my mother sent her children to preschool (According to National Center for Education Statistics less than 50% of Latino children today attend pre-K), she took us to the library, museums, and other educational events that celebrated learning and our Latino heritage. My siblings and I were all placed in the best expeditionary learning school in the country: World of Inquiry in Rochester, NY. There was a village of educators, community-based organizations, family, and friends who enveloped me in language (Spanish & English), diversity, knowledge, and community. That #30million word gap didn’t exist in my life because I had access to plenty of dialogues, books, and fun cultural experiences. Did you know there are 4.4 million English Language Learners representing 10% of all grade school students? These students are 25% less proficient in English and essentially starting their academic experience in Kindergarten already in the achievement gap. Many of these students are raised by single, low-income parents who have less than a high school diploma. By second grade should these students not catch up, the federal government decides how many prisons to build. They know these students are at-risk to drop out and, therefore, may require social services or become engaged in criminal activity. Might you personally know some of these families and children? If so, is it possible for us to come together as a village to support our Latino children who desperately need to improve their reading, knowledge of math concepts, and language skills in both Spanish and English? According to Eugene García, PhD and author of Understanding the Language Development of Early Education for Hispanic Children, “school readiness and school achievement patterns have their foundation in the period from birth to age three, a time at which the home and family typically play the dominant role in the development of children.” In other words, the home environment is one of the most important ways to build literacy skills. In these families, parents talk less to toddlers than their white counterparts and, therefore, are also less likely to encourage dialogue. There are also fewer books/literacy materials in the home. All these factors result in far lower spoken vocabularies, a predictor of reading and comprehension skills. As an educated, bilingual mother, I told my son stories, read to him, sang songs with him, and put him in pre-K, knowing full well he was developing his language skills and cognitive abilities in two languages. Underserved Latino youngsters are exactly the audience I’m trying to reach through my company Tipi Tom Tales; a digital media platform to help accelerate English language learning while exposing kids to vocabulary in two languages, early math concepts and games designed to improve their cognitive abilities. It’s true that it takes a village. Let’s build that village together to help our children succeed in school and life. HipLatina HipLatina creates the conversation through positive & inspiring storytelling with an emphasis on food & drink, style, wellness, and profiles of fascinating people relevant to the US Hispanic community. Our editorial team, consists of experienced journalists, lifestyle bloggers, vloggers and micro-influencers.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line785
__label__wiki	0.81766	0.81766	Paul Nigro Tapped as Guardian ad Litem Director for 19th Judicial Circuit Home » News » Paul Nigro Tapped as Guardian ad Litem Director for 19th Judicial Circuit Written by Guardian ad Litem Program, August 30th, 2017 The Florida Guardian ad Litem Program on Thursday announced the appointment of Paul Nigro as Circuit Director for the 19th Judicial Circuit, which serves Indian River, Martin, Okeechobee and St. Lucie counties. Effective August 24th, Nigro will lead a staff of 30 and more than 350 volunteers in advocating for services, permanency and normalcy for dependent children in state custody. In his ten years with the Program – including the last three as Assistant Circuit Director – Nigro has acquired a wide range of experience in child welfare, advocacy and volunteer management, said GAL Executive Director Alan Abramowitz. “Paul has demonstrated time and again that no challenge is too big,” Abramowitz said. “He helped re-design our pre-service training for new volunteers, which helped us keep them longer and increase their readiness. He also served as one of three statewide trainers traveling to support staff and volunteers. He is a strong leader both within Guardian ad Litem and our community at large.” Nigro will step into the leadership role held for four years by Vern Melvin, who has accepted the position of Southeast Regional Director with the Department of Children and Families. “During the past four years I have worked with Paul I have found him to be a passionate advocate for the best interest of the children we represent,” Melvin said. “He is also tremendously respected as a leader by GAL program staff and community stakeholders. I cannot think of anyone more capable and ready to assume this position than Paul.” Nigro attended Southern New Hampshire University, where he did undergraduate work in education and graduate work in organizational management. He has also been attending the Certified Public Management Program at Florida State University and will soon be a Certified Public Manager. “This has been a dream of mine for so many years,” Nigro said. “Since joining the Guardian ad Litem Program, I’ve had the opportunity to work with so many amazing, dedicated professionals who wake up every day determined to make a difference in the life of a child. I look forward to supporting and promoting the mission of the Guardian ad Litem Program and working with the community and our partners to serve the children of Okeechobee and the Treasure Coast.” Abramowitz also thanked Melvin for his service and wished him well in his new role at DCF.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line787
__label__cc	0.696729	0.303271	Published by 1st CENTRAL at 29th June 2017 With the new Transformers film, The Last Knight, now out in cinemas across the world, we’ve had our insurance wizards conjure up the price of insuring not just Optimus Prime, but some other legendary vehicles from the silver screen too. The list reveals the Transformer’s Autobot leader comes in as the most expensive cinema car to insure followed by Bruce Wayne’s Batmobile, and the Hell Cycle from Ghost Rider. The experts looked at how much it would cost to insure famous movie motors based on typical criteria assessed when applying for car insurance. These included age and profession of the owner as well as taking into account some more unusual characteristics of the car, including weaponry, alien origin, self-destruct functions, armour and time travel capabilities. The most expensive cars to insure from the silver screen Optimus Prime (Transformers) – £1,000,000 Batmobile (Batman) – £750,000 The Hell Cycle (Ghost Rider) – £400,000 Wolverine’s motorcycle (X-Men) – £150,000 Mr Weasley’s Ford Anglia (Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets) – £70,000 DeLorean (Back to the Future) – £60,000 Ecto-1 (Ghostbusters 1984) – £50,000 Bumblebee (Transformers) – £10,000 Herbie (Herbie Fully Loaded) – £7,000 Chitty Chitty Bang Bang – £3,500 Optimus Prime tops the list as most expensive to insure. Under normal use, the leader of the Transformers (based on a Peterbilt 379) would command a much lower premium than his friend Bumblebee, however, a history of collisions, containing a weapon, as well as being an alien all count against Optimus on the proposal form leading to a £1million quote. Not to mention since he left Earth to fly out to Space in the last movie, he’s got no permanent address. On the other hand, as a standard Chevrolet Camaro, the Transformer Bumblebee is a relatively good risk to insurers. Despite the Camaro now being available in the UK, Bumblebee is technically imported from Cybertron, but if the import status were overlooked it might be quoted in the region of £10,000. The Batmobile is the second most expensive motor at £750,000. But if Bruce Wayne were English he may be able to pinch some pennies and reduce his premium through self-insurance, saving £250,000 by paying half a million pounds directly to the UK Treasury. The original Ghostbusters Ecto-1 comes in at £50,000, having been heavily modified. Permission to carry the various volatile and unpredictable ghost-busting equipment would also need to be obtained in writing, attracting a hefty premium. Being a 1959 Cadillac Miller-Meteor, this is now officially an antique, which combined with the great difficulty in finding parts for it, results in a higher premium, assuming the car passes its MOT, after all the work Ray needed to do to it when he bought it. Professor Brown from Back to the Future is a mature man with a classic car, so is likely to cherish his vehicle and would normally have a low pay out. However, his unconventional DeLorean fuel system which utilises household rubbish has raised some eyebrows with the underwriters. Marty and the Professor will also find their time travel causing frequent issues with their annual insurance policy dates, resulting in a lot of cover required, they would have real problems trying to buy backdated cover. Based on this and the fact that the DeLorean has to reach speeds of 88mph in order to time travel, Professor Brown is looking at an insurance rate of £60,000 a year. Despite the considerable damage his high-speed car chases may have caused the taxpayer, James Bond’s Aston Martin DB5 is exempt from the list; as an Employee of the Crown James does not require insurance as the government takes the place of the insurer. Commenting on the findings, Andy James, UK CEO, at 1ST CENTRAL said: “A lot of factors are taken into consideration when deciding the appropriate price for an insurance risk, and with the Autobots consistently in the thick of the action, we would expect the insurance risk to be fairly high. “Finding the price of insurance risk for famous movie cars is actually a great training exercise for our staff to consider all the implications of insuring such mechanical movie stars. I would, however, like to make it clear that these prices are not guaranteed.” Revealed: Britain’s most stolen car	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line789
__label__cc	0.681571	0.318429	Witch Goddess. Aeaea, Circe, Greek Goddess, Witch Goddess Circe was a Greek Goddess of Magic. She lived on the Island of Dawn and was the daughter of Helios and Perse. She was a powerful sorceress who used her magic to transform men and women into beasts (I think that’s my new favorite super-power.) It was said she would transform her victims into animals, but their minds remained quite human. She was well known for her knowledge of potions and herbs but was exiled to the island of Aeaea for her cruel treatment of enemies. In Homer’s Odyssey, her home in Aeaea is described as a water mansion in the middle of the woods. The lions and wolves prowling the island were victims of her magic. She invited several members of Odysseus’ crew to a feast- but the food was laced with one of her poisons and all were turned to pigs. Only Eurlochus escaped to warn Odysseus and the others who had stayed behind on the ship. Long story short… Odysseus used an herb called Molly to protect himself, but ended up being Circe’s lover for five years.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line790
__label__wiki	0.673659	0.673659	People: Indusind Bank Ltd (INBK.NS) INBK.NS on National Stock Exchange of India 1,474.00INR Rs-1.10 (-0.07%) Annaswamy, Shanker Mr. Shanker Annaswamy is an Non-Executive Independent Director of the company. He holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree (B.E), in Electronics and Communications from Madras University and a Diploma in Business Management Education from AIMA, New Delhi. Mr. Shanker Annaswamy was the Managing Director of IBM India Private Limited from July 2004 to December 2012. He had also served as President and Chief Executive Officer for GE Medical Systems, South Asia and before that Managing Director of Wipro-GE Medical Systems. He was a member of NASSCOM’s Executive Council from 2004 to 2008 and Chairman of the CII National Committee of IP owners. He was also on the National Executive Committee of FICCI. In 2009, he was nominated to the Prime Minister's Advisory Group on Science and Technology. In 2009, Business Week listed him as among India’s 50 Most Powerful People. In October 2011, he was conferred the Best CEO – Multinational Company Award as part of Forbes India Leadership Awards 2011 for Transformational Leadership. Total Annual Compensation, INR 2,760,000 Restricted Stock Award, INR -- Long-Term Incentive Plans, INR -- All Other, INR -- Fiscal Year Total, INR 2,760,000 Ramaswamy Seshasayee Romesh Sobti S. Zaregaonkar Ramaswamy Meyyappan Haresh Gajwani Rajiv Agarwal As Of 31 Mar 2018	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line796
__label__cc	0.722363	0.277637	Looking to Build a Larger Movement Steve Williams Jun 11, 2013 My parents used to say that I was born in the wrong decade. As survivors of the segregated South who had graduated from Spelman and Morehouse Colleges in 1964, they had witnessed the rise of one of world’s great social movements. They now worried about their would-be revolutionary son growing up in the time of Reagan and reaction. Some nights, before going to sleep I wished that I had been alive in the 1960s. I became an organizer in 1992 after I finished college. For the next 20 years, I organized with homeless and low-income people for economic, racial and gender justice in San Francisco — for five years with the San Francisco Coalition on Homelessness and for the next fifteen with POWER (People Organized to Win Employment Rights), a community organization of working class African-American and Latino workers, tenants, students and transit riders that I co-founded in 1997. During my time at POWER, I had the opportunity to recruit new fighters in the movement and to meet other organizers and activists across the country through the different campaigns and alliances that we were a part of. The time that I spent working at POWER included some of my proudest moments, but with the economic collapse of 2008, I sensed that the movement was missing historic opportunities to advance a liberatory agenda. I decided to leave my position at POWER to focus my energies on building a massive popular movement. This was August 2011 — three weeks before Occupy Wall Street began. Inspired by the experiences of the great African revolutionary Amílcar Cabral who used his experience as an agronomist to strengthen the national liberation movement in Cape Verde and Guinea Bissau, I dreamed of interviewing organizers and activists from across the country about their insights and experiences on the frontlines of struggles for justice, sustainability and dignity. Now that I was unemployed, nothing was holding me back. After discussing the idea with another recently unemployed San Francisco organizer, NTanya Lee, the Ear to the Ground Project was born. The two of us set out to interview at least 150 organizers and activists. From the beginning, we knew that we wouldn’t be able to talk to all of the amazing organizers and activists doing important work in the United States. In fact, we were scared that few people would be interested in a project such as this; we only hoped that the people we asked would be polite enough to grant us an interview. Some of the people that we interviewed I knew from work we had done together in local organizing campaigns or national alliance work. Some I considered comrades, and others didn’t know well but was interested in their assessments. But the interviews that were most powerful were those with people I was meeting for the first time. I was repeatedly surprised and humbled by the trust and generosity that people showed me — not only with their honest reflections but also by inviting me into their homes and sharing food with me. This experience has changed me in many ways. I listen better now. The idea of the Ear to the Ground project always drew from the notion that all good organizing begins with listening, but amidst the pressures of day-to-day campaign work, I recognized my tendency to connect people’s comments to my pre-existing ideas. Months of asking the same questions to some of the most thoughtful people in the movement with no pressure to emerge with an answer taught me the creative potential of spacious listening. I like to think that my assessments and recommendations are stronger now because I took in the richness of others’ thinking. I had predicted that we would be inspired by the gritty and determined work that is happening across the country, and we were not disappointed. The imaginativeness driving so much important work is inspiring, but we were still left with the question of what it might take to bring the different strands of these efforts together into a larger whole. Given the difficulty that I’d witnessed in developing shared work in local, statewide and national spaces, I expected widely different assessments to emerge from the interviews, but I was surprised by the consensus that emerged. The people we interviewed shared remarkably common assessments of the state of the world and the relative strengths and weaknesses of the movement. A Shared Desire Coupled with this, an overwhelming number of people we interviewed talked about their desire to shift the way that their work is being done. They want connection to a larger movement. They want to feel engaged in a project to change the world for the better — even if that means abandoning some of the institutions and identities that have gotten us to this point. Repeatedly, people talked about wanting to feel like they are a part of a team — just like me. We began this project because it filled a need that NTanya and I felt, but over the course of almost a year and dozens of interviews, I see we weren’t alone. We would often receive emails and phone calls from people in Detroit, New York, Atlanta, Albuquerque and Los Angeles asking us about how the project was coming along. Frankly, we were surprised, but this was a need that many of us felt. This interest pushed us to be more rigorous in writing More than We Imagined, which summarizes our findings from the interviews. NTanya and I traveled to more than 30 different communities across the United States to interview 158 organizers and activists, three-fourths of whom came of age after the political movements of the 1960s and 1970s. Clearly, there are a lot of people that we missed, and NTanya and I have started to joke about what it might mean to do a second round of interviews. We’re not rushing into that right now because we really want to hear people’s reactions and thoughts to this report of the first round. In the end, I’m thankful for this last year because it’s shown me that if I were given a choice, this is the moment of history that I’d choose to be alive and active. I’d choose this time because I see that there are hundreds, if not tens of thousands of people out there, longing and dreaming and working for a world based on solidarity, liberation and sustainability. I see that I am not alone. After doing finishing this phase of the Ear to the Ground project, I know that there’s a community that I’m proud to be a part of and that there’s more of us than I ever imagined. Overcoming Fragmentation, interview of NTanya Lee by John Tarleton 39 Exciting Ideas for the Left, by NTanya Lee and Steve Williams	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line797
__label__wiki	0.599067	0.599067	‘Marvel’s Daredevil’ renewed for Season Two Netflix’s new original series Marvel’s Daredevil has been renewed for a second season, the company announced yesterday. The renewal comes just a week-and-a-half after the entire first season was launched on Friday, April 10th. The series is a collaboration between Netflix, ABC Studios, and Marvel Television. In Marvel’s Daredevil, Charlie Cox stars as public defender/vigilante Matt Murdoc. Deborah Ann Woll (True Blood), Vincent D’Onofrio (Law & Order: Criminal Intent), and Rosario Dawson (Sin City) also star in the series. For the second season, showrunners Doug Petrie (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) and Marco Ramirez (Sons of Anarchy) will take over for Steven DeKnight. Other Marvel-owned series slated for future exclusive release on Netflix include “A.K.A. Jessica Jones,” “Luke Cage” and “Iron Fist,” as well as “The Defenders” miniseries. Want to know what other original series are available on Netflix? Simply do a search for “netflix” on the Netflix Web site to view all original titles. Teaser: Marvel's Daredevil Season 3 Releasing 'Soon'… Marvel’s Daredevil: Season 3 Release Date Revealed Netflix Cancels Marvel’s Daredevil Series After 3 Seasons Netflix Reveals 'Marvel's Daredevil' S3 Will… Yellowstone Season 2 Premieres Tonight & Renewed for… Get Daredevil’s Suit, Elektra’s Sai, or… Previous Previous post: Netflix orders ‘Full House’ sequel ‘Fuller House’ Next Next post: ‘Goodfellas’ remastered in 4k for 25th Anniversary Blu-ray release	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line800
__label__wiki	0.87403	0.87403	HomeTeslaModel SNewsGeneral Tesla Skipped NAIAS Because It Can't Sell Cars In Michigan Tesla Skipped NAIAS Because It Can't Sell Cars In Michigan product 2016-01-18 19:05:39 https://insideevs.com/news/327258/tesla-skipped-naias-because-it-cant-sell-cars-in-michigan/ Tesla Model S Tesla Model X General, naias, michigan Jan 18, 2016 at 3:05pm By: Mark Kane Many of us would've loved to see the Tesla Model X at the 2016 North American International Auto Show, but that didn't happen. Tesla never seems to show much interest in major auto shows - we probably attend twice as many ourselves (they recently skipped the Los Angeles Auto Show too), but in case of 2016 NAIAS, Tesla says it didn't appear with latest model because the automaker can't sell its cars in Michigan. That was the main reason, according to the Diarmuid O'Connell, Tesla's vice president of business development: "The reason we're not at Detroit this year relates to the issue here." "We use shows to sell cars, and this is a show in Michigan." "If we can't sell cars here then why would we be marketing cars here? You know, it's many factors but it relates specifically to that." Truth be told, Tesla's hype and coverage in the media has created enough demand so far that they really don't need auto shows to show off their products. Absence at NAIAS could be used as an argument to draw attention to the problem of direct car sales. The good news is that Tesla will be present in March in Geneva - Switzerland, and that's when we should see the Tesla Model 3...we hope. Source: MLive naias michigan Tesla Model S Tesla Model X Sedan SUV/Crossover	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line804
__label__wiki	0.68043	0.68043	2018 Rushing Title: Ezekiel Elliott, Todd Gurley in Neck-and-Neck Race With just four weeks to go in the 2018 regular season, running backs Ezekiel Elliott and Todd Gurley are in a tight race for this year's rushing title. Gurley moved ahead of Zeke by just 25 yards on Sunday, which is almost nothing with still a quarter of the season to play out. Elliott has 1150 yards so far this year on 240 carries. Gurley has rushed for 1175 yards on 233 carries. They are both about 200 yards ahead of the number-three rusher, the Giants' Saquon Barkley, which makes this a two-horse race. The Dallas Cowboys have a home game against the Philadelphia Eagles this Sunday. They then travel to Indianapolis, come back home for the Buccaneers, and finish the season in New York against the Giants. Based on the current defensive rankings, the Cowboys are set to face the 10th, 12th, 21st, and 24th best run defenses in that order. Those four teams average 113.4 rushing yards allowed per game. For the Los Angeles Rams, they have a tough one this in Chicago against the league's second-best run defense. Then they face the 10th-ranked Eagles at home. They finish up with their division basement dwellers, Arizona and San Francisco, who are currently tanked 29th and 15th against the run. The Ram's opponents average 109.7 rushing yards allowed, just 3.7 less than the Cowboys'. There is a lot of context beyond these statistics, though. As we get late into the year, teams start making business decisions about their roster. With both the Cowboys and Rams in contention for the playoffs, how much wear and tear do they want to put on their top offensive weapons? Rams RB Todd Gurley and Cowboys RB Ezekiel Elliott swap jerseys. The Rams have already shown their willingness to pull Todd Gurley off the field. In blowout wins over the 49ers and Cardinals earlier this year, backup Malcolm Brown had more rushing yards than Gurley as they split carries. Brown is now out for the year with an injury, but Los Angeles clearly won't mind giving carries to another backup if they can keep Gurley fresh for the playoffs. Dallas hasn't been as quick to let Rod Smith run the ball, but they also haven't been in too many blowouts. If later games against the Bucs and Giants aren't competitive, we may very well see the Cowboys give Ezekiel Elliott some rest. However, winning the rushing title is something that running backs love to put on their resume. We can expect both Elliott and Gurley to push to play. Teams aren't totally indifferent to these individual achievements. Earlier this year in their blowout win over the Jaguars, Dallas gave Elliott one last carry to start their final drive so he could get over 100 yards rushing for the game. Zeke was pulled immediately after. That said, if either team has nothing to gain in Week 17, we could see them rest starters completely. So, if all things remain even, this should remain an intriguing race to watch. But as postseason contention and player health become of greater concern, could one or both teams get in the way of the fun? Ezekiel Elliott and Todd Gurley will certainly do their part. The two best running backs in the NFL have four more weeks to determine bragging rights. Related Topics:Ezekiel Elliott Cowboys Aren’t Using Dak Prescott on Play Action Enough Jerry Jones: “When Healthy,” Sean Lee Will Be Cowboys Starter at LB Again Cowboys fan since 1992, blogger since 2011. Bringing you the objectivity of an outside perspective with the passion of a die-hard fan. I love to talk to my readers, so please comment on any article and I'll be sure to respond! Late last week Bleacher Report's Brad Gagnon went through the contracts of all 32 NFL teams and attempted to determine who holds the worst contract for each team. Every team in the NFL is carrying bad contracts. Even the Dallas Cowboys, who've become really good at managing their cap. It's the nature of player evaluation and contract negotiations in all sports. You pay players with a balance of historical production and potential progression. Here are the rules they laid out in their analysis: Had to be a contract of more than $5 million per year. Looked more at the cost of the player beyond the 2019 season. Player progression and trajectory matters. Looked mainly at 2018 production and showed a little grace to players with who were injured. It's certainly a difficult task to undertake, and there are some really solid choices on their list, like Star Lotuleilei's five-year $50 million deal that he's being paid by the Buffalo Bills. That's a lot of money for a nose tackle. On the flipside, they chose DeMarcus Lawrence as having the worst contract on the Dallas Cowboys. To be fair, they also chose Khalil Mack's contract as the worst for the Chicago Bears. I guess they aren't a fan of paying elite pass rushers elite money. Here's what they had to say about Lawrence's deal: "This is a similar situation to Mack's in Chicago. Mack and Lawrence are the only two pass-rushers making $21-plus million per year, and Lawrence's new deal with the Dallas Cowboys ties him to the team through at least 2021. Even after that, it'd cost Dallas $10 million to cut him ahead of the 2022 season." Brad Gagnon - Bleacher Report In their assessment of Lawrence, they're assuming that he's not going to continue to be a disruptive player for the Dallas Cowboys beyond 2019 or 2020. We talked about Lawrence last week and I listed him as one of the five most important Dallas Cowboys for them to have success in 2019. His ability to play the run and rush the passer at an elite level is invaluable. Sure, paying any player north of $20 million and more than 10% of your salary cap seems like a bad idea on the surface, but when you're talking about one of the five best defensive linemen in the NFL, $21 million per year and $60 million guaranteed is the cost of doing business. There's a reason the Dallas Cowboys felt comfortable paying Lawrence elite edge money, it's because he's an elite edge. Were it not for injuries early in his career, national observers would be talking about Lawrence in the same light as Mack and Von Miller. Despite two highly productive seasons for the Dallas Cowboys, Lawrence is still highly underrated. If the talk from Cowboys fans is any indication, he's underrated in his own fanbase. If you go to OverTheCap.com and look at the Dallas Cowboys contractual obligations for the next few years, you see a team that hasn't loaded themselves down with many, if any bad contracts. If there's one that's arguably bad, it's the Tyrone Crawford contract. The Dallas Cowboys will pay him a little more than $10 million this season and a little more than $9 million in 2020. After that, his contract expires and he becomes a free agent. Crawford has always been a solid player for the Dallas Cowboys, even if he hasn't lived up to the contract extension he received back in 2015. His ability to play both defensive end positions as well as 3-technique defensive tackle along with his leadership has made him an important piece to the Dallas Cowboys playoff teams over the last five seasons. It's become evident, that for the Dallas Cowboys front office and coaching staff, they'd much rather have Crawford playing at $10 million a season than not have him at all. In the short term, particularly for 2019, the contract that stands out the most is Allen Hurns. Hurns signed a two-year deal in the 2018 offseason and the thought was he'd be able to supplement some of the production that was lost when the team released Dez Bryant. Hurns, unfortunately, struggled to hit his stride last season before suffering an ankle fracture in the win over the Seattle Seahawks in the playoffs. The sixth-year wide receiver is now set to have a salary cap hit of $6.25 million in 2019. The Dallas Cowboys could walk away from his salary and save $5 million on the cap with only $1.25 million in dead money. For a receiver who has had a 1,000-yard season in the NFL, $6.25 million dollars isn't that much. Remember, Sammy Watkins signed for $16 million a season last offseason and only has one 1,000 yard receiving season to his name. Again, the Dallas Cowboys dodged a bullet with that one. The Dallas Cowboys coaching staff, reportedly really likes Allen Hurns. On the field, he can help the team on the outside and in the slot and provides tremendous depth at the wide receiver position. How he, and some of the wide receivers further down the depth chart, perform during training camp and preseason, will make or break Hurns' employment with Dallas Cowboys in 2019. Even with the contracts of Tyrone Crawford and Allen Hurns on the books, the Dallas Cowboys have $20 million in cap space in 2019 and almost $75 million in cap space in 2020. Sure those numbers will change significantly whenever Dak Prescott, Amari Cooper, and possibly Ezekiel Elliott sign their new contracts, but the Dallas Cowboys are in great shape in terms of the cap. They aren't carrying much dead money and there are zero contracts on the roster that are weighing them down and keeping them from doing what they want to do in free agency and with their own players. Good drafting and wise free agent pursuits have finally destroyed the narrative that the Dallas Cowboys were in "cap hell." Sure, it can be frustrating during free agency to watch other teams make moves and improve their team, but it sure is nice that they're in the position to be able to hand out long-term extensions to the core of their team. Namely the newest iteration of The Triplets.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0004.json.gz/line805

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