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__label__wiki	0.872504	0.872504	Enos Slaughter Enos Bradsher Slaughter Primary team: St. Louis Cardinals Primary position: Right Fielder “To be a big league ball player, you have to love the game,” Enos Slaughter said. “This is a pretty good game and a pretty swell way to make a living. The conditions in the majors are fine and the money is good. So I say keep yelling and hustling every minute you’re in uniform.” Slaughter grew up in Roxboro, N.C., where he earned the nickname, “Country.” Though he was a southern gentleman off the field, he was a fierce competitor between the lines and his intensity was often mistaken for brashness or cockiness. Slaughter began his career with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1938, as a 22-year-old. He spent 13 seasons with the Cardinals and was a 10-time all-star. Like many players from his era, Slaughter’s career statistics would be better if he hadn’t missed three prime seasons (1943-1945) to serve during World War II. During the war, Slaughter was a sergeant in the Army Air Corps. “I wanted to be a pilot,” he told author Frederick Turner, “but they said I was color blind. They wanted me to be a bombardier, but I said if I couldn’t be the one flying the plane, I’d just as soon not be flying. So, I became a physical education instructor in charge of about 200 troops.” Slaughter didn’t skip a beat upon returning to baseball, leading the National League with 130 RBI in 1946 and guiding the Cardinals to a World Series win over the Boston Red Sox. Aside from his intense, sometimes violent, playing-style, Slaughter is best known for his “Mad Dash” in that World Series. In the bottom of the eighth inning of Game 7, the score was tied at 3. Slaughter was on first base with two outs when Cardinals manager Eddie Dyer called for a hit-and-run. Outfielder Harry Walker lined a ball to center field and Slaughter took everyone—including the Red Sox defenders—by surprise when he ran through a stop sign at third base. A rushed throw home by Red Sox shortstop Johnny Pesky allowed Slaughter to score what proved to be the winning run. A statue commemorating Slaughter’s Mad Dash slide is outside Busch Stadium. that after being hit by a pitch in Game 5 of the 1946 World Series, Enos Slaughter played the rest of the series with a broken elbow, including his Game 7 "Mad Dash Home"? "On the ball field he is perpetual motion itself… He would run through a brick wall, if necessary, to make a catch, or slide into a pit of ground glass to score a run. " Arthur Daley, NY Times Cardinals Gear Cardinals Membership Card See 16 more from St. Louis Cardinals Position Played: Right Fielder Bats: Left See 87 more left handed batters Birth place: Roxboro, North Carolina See 6 more from North Carolina Died: 2002, Durham, North Carolina St. Louis Cardinals (1938-1953) Milwaukee Braves (1959) At BatsAB Doubles2B Triples3B Home RunsHR RBIRBI Stolen BasesSB Batting AverageBA OPSOPS On Base %OBP Slugging %SLG Glove used by Cardinals outfielder Enos Slaughter in the 1946 season and World Series - B-2725-63 (Milo Stewart Jr./National Baseball Hall of Fame Library) Enos Slaughter of the St. Louis Cardinals - BL-8390-89 (National Baseball Hall of Fame Library) Enos Slaughter - Baseball Hall of Fame Biographies	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line572
__label__cc	0.572464	0.427536	Archive for the ‘Ageing’ Category Engaging all health and care professionals in the radical upgrade in prevention Posted in Ageing, Healthcare, Lifestyles, Media and public health, Obesity, prevention, smoking, Uncategorized on January 31, 2018\| Leave a Comment » By Jamie Waterall, National Lead for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Associate Deputy Chief Nurse at Public Health England, and Honorary Associate Professor at the University of Nottingham Over recent weeks, we’ve seen constant media reporting about the increased pressures our health and care system is experiencing. There’s no disputing that the NHS is facing ever greater demands, often linked to our aging population and many more people living with long-term conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, dementia and certain cancers. But it’s worrying that most of the news reports only focus on the need for more acute hospital beds and ambulances, rather than discussing the need for a radical upgrade in prevention to reduce demand on these services. As public health professionals we know that there are no easy solutions to the pressure on our health and care system. These are complex problems, requiring a whole-systems response. However, we also know that many of the health issues keeping our hospitals so busy are preventable. Having worked in acute medicine and cardiology for a number of years I witnessed the scores of patients I treated who were admitted to hospital with conditions that could have been delayed or avoided altogether. And when working in the acute trust environment, I would have agreed that more beds and acute services was the answer to our problems. It was not until I was working in primary care as a nurse consultant that I became more aware of the need for an increased focus on prevention. So I frequently ask myself; how can we better harness the skills of our trusted front-line professionals, ensuring we all get behind this radical upgrade. Our research informs us that there’s real appetite to build more prevention into our daily practice, however it also shows us that there can be barriers and challenges. Time and resource is of course an issue, but we’ve heard that some professionals can be apprehensive about talking to members of the public about their weight, for instance, or whether they smoke or keep active. We also know that there can be uncertainty about the availability of local lifestyle services to refer patients to. With all this in mind, Public Health England has developed All Our Health, a framework which supports all health and care professions to get more involved in the upgrade in prevention. It provides tools and advice to support ‘health promoting practice’ with quick links to evidence and impact measures and top tips on what works. Based on user research we’re making improvements to All Our Health as well as forging new links with universities and Health Education England, so we can build more prevention into the way we train our future professionals to practise in this different world with new expectations and opportunities. We also hope All Our Health will help health and care professionals to engage with the local public health system, including getting involved in the development of prevention initiatives. Surveys of the public constantly show that our frontline health staff are amongst the most trusted professionals in our communities. Just imagine the impact if our estimated two million health and care staff built more prevention into their practice. We could truly achieve the radical upgrade we so urgently need to see. For further information and to read more about All Our Health, click here. What impact will Brexit have on public health and health services in the United Kingdom? Posted in Academic, Ageing, Brexit, Europe, Global Health, Healthcare on March 6, 2017\| Leave a Comment » By Professor Azeem Majeed, Head of the Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London The departure of the UK from the European Union (EU) will have wide-ranging consequences for public health. The UK first became a member of the EU in 1973 and as a member of the EU for over 40 years, the UK has played a full part in European-wide public health initiatives. These have covered many areas, including food regulations, road safety, air pollution, tobacco control and chemical hazards. Cross-national approaches to public health are essential when dealing with issues that do not stop at a country’s borders (eg. air pollution) and when dealing with large, multi-national corporations over which any single country will have only limited influence. Although EU public health initiatives have had important positive effects on health in the UK, there will be strong resistance from pro-Brexit politicians in participating in future programmes, as they generally view them as unnecessary interference in the UK’s internal affairs. The UK will also find that it is no longer able to lead such programmes or have much influence over their content, which will inevitably damage the leading role that the UK has played in public health globally. The NHS will also find itself facing major challenges because of Brexit. With over one million employees and an annual spend of over £100 billion, the NHS is England’s largest employer. For many decades, the NHS has faced shortages in its clinical workforce and has relied heavily on overseas trained doctors, nurses and other health professionals to fill these gaps. This reliance on overseas-trained staff will not end in the foreseeable future. For example, although the Secretary of State for Health, Jeremy Hunt, has announced that the government will support the creation of an additional 1,500 medical student places in England’s medical schools, it will be more than 10 years before the first of these extra medical students complete their medical courses and their subsequent post-graduate medical training. The recruitment of overseas-trained health professionals has been facilitated by EU-legislation on the mutual recognition of the training of health professionals. This means that health professionals trained in one EU country can work in another EU country without undergoing a period of additional training. For example a cardiologist or general practitioner trained in Germany would be eligible to take up a post in the NHS. Moving forward, it’s unclear that this cross-EU recognition of clinical training will continue. As inward migration to the UK looks to be the most politically contentious area in our post-Brexit future, we will need to take urgent action to ensure that the NHS has sufficient professional staff to provide health and social care for our increasingly ageing population. The UK’s government will also have to address the issue of access to healthcare, both for EU nationals living in the UK and UK nationals living overseas in countries such as Spain. Currently, all these individuals are entitled to either free or low-cost healthcare. It’s unclear what will happen in the future, and this is particularly important for the UK nationals living overseas, many of whom are elderly and who will have a high level of need for healthcare. As the NHS has never been very effective in reclaiming the fees owed to it by overseas visitors to the UK, the UK may find itself substantially worse off financially when new arrangements for funding cross-national use of health services are put in place. In conclusion, Brexit will have important impacts on public health and health services, with scope for wide-ranging adverse consequences for health in the UK. It’s therefore essential that public health professionals engage with government to ameliorate these risks and also gain public support in areas such as the benefits of participation in EU-wide public health programmes and the continued recruitment of health professionals from the EU. All for one and one for all: the NHS at 65 Posted in Ageing, Health and Social Care Bill, PH Spending on July 5, 2013\| 1 Comment » By Alan Maryon-Davis, honorary professor of public health at Kings College London and past president of the Faculty of Public Health WE love our NHS, despite its failings. We trust it, we depend on it and we cherish its fundamental principles of fairness and universality – free to all at the point of use. Born out of Beveridge, midwifed by Bevan, the safe arrival of the infant NHS in the aftermath of war was nothing less than a revolution – the sort of massive change that could never happen today. It was huge – so big it dwarfed outer space. Now, as we all know, the NHS is under threat – weighed down by the ageing population and high-tech hypertrophy, harried by small-state politicians, encircled by drooling marketeers and asset-strippers. The NHS is accused of being too monolithic, lumbering and unsustainable. The Government’s response has been to claw back millions of pounds and fire an explosive harpoon into its belly. The 2012 Act has torn into the flesh of the NHS, damaged many of its vital organs and put it on the critical list. But it’s not dead yet. They have underestimated the power of the people. The NHS is healthcare of the people, by the people, for the people, all for one and one for all. This is why so many of us feel so passionate about it – and why we delighted in seeing it celebrated in the Olympics opening ceremony. I believe the NHS at 65 is still, fundamentally, in good shape – in spite of all the ‘efficiency savings’, all the sniping and Cassandras, all the barbs, rug-pulling and clattering of bedpans in the corridors of Whitehall. The NHS can be nursed back to full health and vigour. Of course this requires political will – but political will is driven by the power of the people. And people power can be shaped and energised by the advocacy of those of us who feel strongly about defending the NHS and its fundamental principles. We must seize this 65th birthday celebration to let everyone know that we will fight to make sure the NHS – the real NHS, not just the logo – is here to stay. Listen to Our ageing society: How do we meet the challenges of the next decade? Posted in Ageing, Public Health Events, tagged Ageing, Dame Carol Black, FPH conference on July 13, 2010\| Leave a Comment » Morning parallel session, at the Faculty of Public Health annual conference, on Wednesday 7 July. Chaired by Laura Donnelly (Health Correspondent at the Sunday Telegraph), and panel members Dame Carol Black (National Director, Health Work and Wellbeing), Andrew Harrop (Director of Policy and Public Affairs, Age UK) and Yvonne Coull (Consultant to, and former Director, Queen Mary University Centre for the Older Person’s Agenda). https://fphpresident.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/ageing-society.mp3 Experts discuss challenges of ageing population Posted in Ageing, Public Health Events, Uncategorized, tagged Ageing society, Andrew Harrop, Dame Carol Black, Yvonne Coull on July 8, 2010\| Leave a Comment » By Jessica Becker How can one extend work life while meeting the needs of an ageing workforce? What can be done to promote age-friendly communities? And how is the recession impacting on the care for the elderly? Dame Carol Black, the National Director of Health Work and Wellbeing, Andrew Harrop, Director of Policy and Public Affairs at Age UK, and Yvonne Coull, former director of Queen Margaret University Centre for the Older Person’s Pension Agenda, discussed the future challenges of an ageing society at the FPH Annual Conference on Wednesday 7 July. One of the big issues related to an ageing society is the question as to how to deal with an ageing workforce. Dame Carol Black said that while life expectancy is increasing, health expectancy has not kept up. She argued that in order to build a resilient workforce, support in education and an early, co-ordinated intervention is required. Andrew Harrop stressed that no society can afford to leave a high number of people from their mid-fifties relying on welfare because they are no longer fit for their jobs. Yvonne Coull therefore claimed for flexibility on the side of the employers to meet the demands and potential of older people. An ageing population does not only impact on the work life, but also changes society. As the number of the elderly increase, communities need to adapt. One aspect of this change relates to the physical design of communities, for example when it comes to pavements, as Harrop explained: “When people feel safe, they are more confident to participate in the communities.” This participation has a positive impact, not least on the interaction between generations, Dame Carol pointed out, and should therefore be further encouraged. Everyone agreed that the underlying issue affecting all of the discussed topics is the prospect of cutting funds. However, Yvonne Coull expressed the hope that the “older generation that is coming through is more active and more demanding than ever before,” and may therefore be able to lessen the effects of decreasing funding. RT @OUPAcademic: "Current prison conditions not only progressively harm physical and mental health, but also create inhumane conditions to… 23 hours ago RT @PHE_uk: Teachers: The new Disney and Pixar themed games pack from @Change4Life provides pupils with fun ways to get active. Spark pupi… 4 days ago	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line575
__label__wiki	0.724993	0.724993	Freedom of Thought and Religious Beliefs Are Under Attack Some Plants Use an Internal Thermometer to Trigger Growing Season Broccoli May Slow Age-Related Decline and Promote Longevity by Reducing Chronic Health Risks Click HERE to watch the full interview! For over 30 years, the National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) has fought for your right to make informed medical choices — a right that has been severely eroded in the U.S. over the past three decades 2015 delivered an unprecedented attack on vaccine exemptions in the U.S. Similar attacks were launched in 2016, but people’s engagement in the political process thwarted most threats On August 15, 2016, the CDC issued a notice of proposed rulemaking to amend the Public Health Service Act, which would vastly expand police power to detain sick air travelers and force vaccinate Your freedom of thought, conscience and religious beliefs are under attack, so it is really vital that you listen to the information presented by Barbara Loe Fisher in this interview with me. Fisher co-founded the National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) in 1982 and she has been a leading health rights advocate defending the human right to informed consent to medical risk taking, including the legal right to make voluntary vaccine choices — a right that has been severely eroded in the U.S. over the past three decades. “If we don’t have the right in this country to make health care choices, including vaccine choices, that impact our bodies and the bodies of our children, we’re really not free in any sense of the word,” she says. “I’ve seen this evolve over almost 35 years now. It became clear several decades ago that the goal of public health officials and the medical trade organizations and industry was to have everyone in the country … have to get every single government-recommended vaccine … That is what I saw happening, but I didn’t know how long it was going to take.” Unprecedented Attack on Personal Beliefs in 2015 In 2015, the American media went berserk reporting an outbreak of measles at Disneyland. By the time the media hysteria hyping irrational fear of measles and demonizing parents with unvaccinated school children was over, there had been 131 cases of measles reported in California and only 189 cases of measles reported nationally for the whole year. What was interesting about the 2015 measles outbreak that started all the fear mongering, was that when you looked at the California cases with vaccine records, it became clear the outbreak was not about unvaccinated school children at all: Fifty percent of the reported measles cases were adults and only 18 percent were in school-aged children. Yet that measles outbreak in 2015 was used by industry and medical trade lobbyists to fuel an all-out assault on personal belief exemptions in state vaccine laws. It was an assault that specifically targeted the non-medical exemptions for religious, conscientious or philosophical beliefs filed by parents so their children can attend school. As noted by Fisher: “What happened in 2015 was unprecedented in terms of the numbers of bills that were introduced in the states to take away non-medical vaccine exemptions. There were over 100 bills introduced. There was an assault in at least 11 states to take away the exemptions. [P]eople signed up for our [NVIC] Advocacy Portal online and we helped them to preserve the exemption in nine states. But we lost California, which was a huge loss because that’s the biggest state. The personal belief exemption was eliminated and it took out both the religious and the philosophical exemption in one fell swoop … We have a 94 to 97 percent, sometimes almost 100 percent, vaccine coverage rate with federally recommended vaccines in the United States … [Yet] in 2015 we saw the most vicious assault I have ever seen on parents who take exemptions or who don’t give their children all of the vaccines. There were calls for these parents to be charged with child medical neglect, for them to be publicly identified and humiliated online, for them to be sued and for them to be jailed. At the same time, we saw an assault on doctors; doctors who were critical of vaccine safety, doctors who were giving children medical vaccine exemptions, doctors who were taking care of children who were not fully vaccinated. The rhetoric was over the top in terms of viciousness in 2015. Again, how many measles cases did we see in America? One hundred wighty-nine cases of measles. Not one death, not one injury, that I’ve seen, was reported.” Your Involvement Protected Health Rights in 2016 This year, yet another 100 vaccine related bills were introduced and most tried to either add more vaccines to state mandates or restrict or eliminate vaccine exemptions. The NVIC opposed about 70 percent of them. Fortunately, only eight of those bills were actually passed this year, and none of the bills to eliminate vaccine exemptions passed. The reason for this, Fisher says, is because people saw what happened in 2015 and started to get much more involved in the political process in 2016. Whenever NVIC put out an Action Alert through the online NVIC Advocacy Portal, more parents, grandparents, health care professionals and other concerned citizens personally contacted their state legislators and showed up for committee meetings and public hearings to make their concerns known. It is so important for you to know that you can make a difference when you take action to protect your freedom and, together, we are making a difference. This can be seen from the fact that many bad vaccine bills were defeated this year because people stood up for their rights. I want to express my deep appreciation and gratitude to all you who worked with NVIC and participated in the legislative process in your states this year. Yes, some battles were still lost, but it is through persistence that we can collectively make a huge difference. “It’s the only reason we didn’t get the medical and religious [vaccine] exemption taken away in Virginia this year,” Fisher says. “The only reason was because people got energized and showed up.” Public Health Officials Militarize Vaccine System Through Rule Making Unfortunately, because we’ve been successful in stopping these state bills trying to take away your freedom, public health officials are now starting to invoke rulemaking authority to bypass the democratic process altogether. Rulemaking authority is given by Congress to federal legislators, and given by state legislators to the people who operate government and government employees. On August 15, 2016, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published a Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) in the Federal Register to amend the Public Health Service Act, which governs public health law. We warned you about this several months ago in this newsletter. What the CDC wants to do is expand the use of police power to detain and involuntarily quarantine you if you are traveling by airplane into the U.S. If you have a cough, rash, low-grade fever or other minor symptoms of illness, they want to enlist airline personnel to report you to the CDC. Then, if public health officials think you might be infected with or could get infected with measles or another communicable disease, they want the legal authority to apprehend and: Detain you for 72 hours without access to an attorney to appeal the detention Evaluate you medically Offer you a contract to sign that will allow them to treat you, such as vaccinate you, as a condition of being released Electronically monitor you after your release Disease Eradication Efforts Historically Turn Into Militarized Efforts The same would apply if you travel between states, especially if you’re travelling on an airline or by ship, bus or train. NVIC is vehemently opposed to this and submitted a public comment on Oct. 14, 2016, calling on the CDC to withdraw the NPRM.1 The CDC has not implemented this rule yet but they have the authority to do so, even though CDC officials received more than 15,500 public comments by Oct. 14 — most of them opposing the NPRM. “In 2005, they [CDC officials] tried this. They got enough public pushback that they didn’t implement. The thing I’m worried about is that we have a President who’s on his way out. He can issue executive orders. We do not know what is going to happen between the elections and when he leaves,” Fisher says. “We don’t know if measles is going to be put on that isolation and quarantine list … They’ve just declared measles eradicated in the Americas. If you take a look at the last two years, you’ll see this progression. Clearly it has all been to set up this idea that measles must be eradicated from the earth. What happens when they say 'Let’s eradicate?' Well, we know what happens. There was a militarization of the public health infrastructure to eradicate smallpox and polio. This means just what it sounds like: It means detention, isolation, quarantine and vaccination. I am concerned that even if we are successful in protecting state exemptions, if you have a federal law that allows the militarization of the public health infrastructure, we’re going to be in a very difficult situation here. What can we do? We have to become involved in government. We cannot take government for granted and our freedoms for granted. If we don’t hold our elected officials accountable, then we are going to have laws passed that are going to be oppressive.” Vaccine Roulette Before Pharma Blackmailed Congress A major problem today is that major profit-making industries, and the drug industry in particular, wield tremendous influence over our federal government agencies, including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and CDC. Their money, presence and political influence can be clearly seen on Capitol Hill and just about everywhere. A perfect example is the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986. Fisher was a young parent of a DPT vaccine-injured child when the television documentary “DPT: Vaccine Roulette” was aired in the spring of 1982. It was the first time American parents had been informed that a vaccine recommended and mandated by the government could brain injure and kill children. That ground breaking investigative report was the catalyst for the formation of the non-profit charity known today as the National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) that Fisher co-founded with other parents of vaccine-injured children. Within months, drug companies declared they would stop producing childhood vaccines recommended and mandated by government unless Congress indemnified them from liability. Congress jumped into action and proposed legislation to restrict vaccine lawsuits. “We were contacted because we were this new group. There had never been a group like this,” Fisher says. “They said to us, ‘We are going to pass legislation to protect the vaccine supply in this country. You can either come to the table and argue for what you think the families should get or you cannot come to the table. But we’re going to pass this with or without you.’” NVIC Helped Put Safety Provisions Into Law Communication at that time was telephones and snail mail. Messages could get out via TV or radio, but there was no world wide web and few parents had personal computers. Parents of vaccine-injured children had no political power, but NVIC’s co-founders networked with families and fought as hard as they could to protect the rights of children and families. They preserved the legal right of parents to sue vaccine manufacturers when there was evidence the company could have made the vaccine less toxic, and they got vaccine safety informing, recording and reporting provisions into the 1986 law — even though the safety provisions have never been enforced. 5 Years Ago US Supreme Court Banned Vaccine Injury Lawsuits Then, in 2011, the Supreme Court heard the case of Bruesewitz v. Wyeth. Vaccine manufacturers, medical trade organizations and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services declared that all vaccine injury lawsuits should be banned. “The Supreme Court said, ‘Any FDA-licensed vaccine is unavoidably unsafe and there shall be no more lawsuits against vaccine manufacturers.’ Done. Not even if you could show a vaccine could have been made safer,” Fisher says. “On that same day, the Supreme Court said that seatbelt manufacturers, car manufacturers, are liable for defective seatbelts, but vaccine manufacturers are not liable for defective or unsafe vaccines. So here we are, with the medical trade associations all saying ‘no more non-medical exemptions,’ after they have narrowed the medical exemptions so that no medical condition qualifies for medical exemption.” Intimidation Tactics Are Being Used Against Doctors During the measles outbreak of 2015, doctors criticizing vaccine safety and mandatory vaccination laws or giving children medical vaccine exemptions were publicly attacked. This year, the state Medical Board charged California pediatrician Dr. Bob Sears with “gross negligence” for “improperly exempting” a 2-year old boy from vaccination.2 Sears gives vaccines in his practice but allows parents to make the choice about whether or not to vaccinate their children. He has been an outspoken supporter of flexible exemptions in mandatory vaccination laws and now his medical license may be on the line simply because he wrote a medical vaccine exemption after a child had an adverse reaction to a previous vaccination. As noted by Fisher, the medical contraindications that CDC officials consider an official reason to grant a child a medical vaccine exemption have become so incredibly narrow that about 99 percent of all children, including those who have had previous vaccine reactions, do not qualify for a medical exemption. What’s happening to Sears is sheer harassment and nothing else, designed to make other doctors think twice before they suggest a child might be at high risk for suffering a vaccine reaction. Fisher asks: “How can you mandate a product that can cause injury or death that some people are more susceptible to having a reaction to, basically removing the medical exemptions so nothing qualifies [and then] remove the personal belief exemption so you can’t exercise freedom of conscience and religious belief, and penalize you if you don’t obey the law that literally could take your life or your child’s life? This is insanity. It’s cruel. It is inhuman. You [Dr. Mercola] opened up this interview with the statement that freedom of thought, conscience and religious belief is under attack. Absolutely, our bodies are under attack by laws that are punitive, particularly for those of us who have genetic or biological reasons for having a greater susceptibility [for vaccine injury].” Vaccine Injuries Are More Common Than You’re Led to Believe Vaccine injuries are real. The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database, which was created as part of the Vaccine Compensation Act, shows that about 71,000 reactions and nearly 350 deaths have been reported following receipt of the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine alone since 1990. Studies have shown that doctors and other vaccine providers are massively underreporting injuries and deaths that follow vaccination, perhaps fewer than 1 to 10 percent of serious adverse events are ever reported to VAERS, so the real number may be around 35,000. Adding insult to injury, the government is not doing a good job on finding out how many people are actually suffering serious health problems after vaccination. Even when reactions are reported to VAERS, health officials rarely follow up on vaccine reaction reports. NVIC’s Video Vaccine Reaction Reporting on Memorial for Vaccine Victims This month, NVIC has expanded its online International Memorial for Vaccine Victims by adding a video vaccine reaction reporting feature called Protect Life: Witness A Vaccine Reaction at NVIC.org. You can post a video description of a vaccine reaction that you, your child or someone you love has experienced, where it will be archived permanently and accessible to millions of people who visit NVIC.org. “One of the things that we feel strongly about at the NVIC is that people who have had vaccine reactions, whose loved ones have suffered vaccine injury and death, need to publicly witness. NVIC has had, for more than a decade, the International Memorial for Vaccine Victims. We were one of the first websites to really formalize the public reporting of vaccine reactions. We have a vaccine reaction registry that is 35 years old. Most people know somebody who was healthy, got vaccinated, and was never healthy again. This is what people across the country need to understand. It can be you. It can be your child, your mother, your sister [or] your friend. Everybody is a candidate … I encourage everyone who has had an experience with a vaccine reaction to participate because when you publicly share your vaccine reaction story with others, it can turn the terrible tragedies that have occurred from vaccine injuries into saving lives by making others aware that vaccines can cause serious harm. You can take your story, record it on your cell phone or computer and post it on NVIC’s Memorial for Vaccine Victims. You could save 100, 1,000, 10,000 or 1 million people’s lives because they were so inspired by your story that they understood the truth, finally. If more people do this, the more compelling the evidence becomes. 1 NVIC. Public Comment on Aug. 15, 2016 NPRM: Control of Communicable Diseases. Submitted Oct. 14, 2016. 2 Orange County Register Sept. 8, 2016. Previous Article Some Plants Use an Internal Thermometer to Trigger Growing Season Next Article Broccoli May Slow Age-Related Decline and Promote Longevity by Reducing Chronic Health Risks Show Comments (156) The Forgotten History of Vaccinations You Need to Be Aware of Vaccines — Are They Still Contributing to the Greater Good? Why Are Vaccine Rights Being Removed While Safety Issues Are Increasingly Brought to the Fore?	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line578
__label__wiki	0.898753	0.898753	Business, Diplomacy Google blocks Huawei from Android updates The move leaves one of the world’s largest mobile phone manufacturer without an operating system. Google has barred Huawei from updates to its Android operating system to comply with a US government ban, putting the Chinese smartphone maker on the ropes as it scrambled yesterday to assure customers it would continue to support existing smartphones and tablets. Several US tech giants joined Google in suspending business with Huawei, including Intel, Qualcomm, Broadcom and Xilinx, Bloomberg News reported, citing sources. Moving to contain the damage, a Huawei spokesman said: “We have made substantial contributions to the development and growth of Android around the world. Huawei will continue to provide security updates and after-sales services to all existing Huawei and Honor smartphone and tablet products, covering those that have been sold and that are still in stock globally.” Google said services like Google Play and Google Play Protect would still function on existing Huawei devices. The same services, however, might not be available on future Huawei smartphones. US stocks fell yesterday, with the S&P 500 technology sector slipping 1.95 per cent in early trading. Headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong, Huawei is the world’s second-largest smartphone maker, selling nearly 203 million phones last year. The US administration, which sees it as engaging in espionage in the United States on behalf of the Chinese government, has been tightening the screws on the firm, and took two actions against it last week. Huawei was the unspecified target of the first, an executive order banning US telecommunications firms from installing foreign-made equipment that could prove a threat to national security. The US also added Huawei and its affiliates to the Commerce Department’s Entity List, banning it from doing business with US companies, and calling into question its ability to continue manufacturing. Huawei has said that it has been preparing for the US ban and is able to ensure a steady supply of most products. The US’ latest moves cast a cloud over a potential meeting between President Donald Trump and his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping in Japan late next month, which is seen as a critical opportunity for the two giant economies to reach a deal and wind back a damaging trade war. “At this timing, the latest moves against Huawei are interpreted by many as additional maximum pressure to force China to sign a trade deal desired by the US,” Ms Yun Sun, director of the China Programme at the Stimson Centre, told The Straits Times. Eurasia Group founder Ian Bremmer said Mr Trump has considerably raised the stakes for the June meeting. On the other hand, nationalist sentiment in China is sure to rise further. There remains some uncertainty as to whether the US will issue temporary licences or exemptions for American suppliers to Huawei. Last year, Mr Trump threatened another Chinese telecom company, ZTE, but relented. With Huawei, though, there is more at stake, analysts said. If the US does not issue a general licence, it would be a major blow to the stability of one of China’s most important companies, the Eurasia Group said. “Even a less severe scenario, in which US companies are covered under a temporary licence that could be revoked at any time, would make Beijing less likely to yield on some of the core technology issues at the heart of the trade dispute,” said China researchers at Eurasia Group Michael Hirson and Allison Sherlock in an e-mail. Rosenblatt Securities analyst Ryan Koontz told Bloomberg News that Huawei “is heavily dependent on US semiconductor products and would be seriously crippled without supply of key US components”. “The extreme scenario of Huawei’s telecom network unit failing would set China back many years and such a failure would have massive global telecom market implications.” Chinese economy grows at slowest rate in decades Growth slumps to 27-year low in China, with talk of more aggressive stimulus measures. China’s economy grew 6.2 per cent in the second quarter of this year, its slowest rate in 27 years, as the country’s trade war with the United States exacted its toll. Analysts said they expect economic growth to continue to weaken for the rest of this year, which would likely prompt more aggressive stimulus measures from Beijing. Data released on Monday (July 15) by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) showed that gross domestic product growth in the second quarter had slowed from 6.4 per cent in the first quarter of this year, coming in largely within expectations. The economy grew by 6.3 per cent for the first half of the year, according to the NBS. The figure is still within the 6 to 6.5 per cent target that Beijing has set for full year GDP growth. Last year, Chin	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line581
__label__cc	0.655441	0.344559	Exercising Your Legal Custody Rights 03. September, 2016 \| Posted by ngageastor \| Categories: Family Law, Family Law Topics, Legal Topics KNOW YOUR LEGAL CUSTODY RIGHTS Parents whose children do not reside primarily with them retain, nonetheless, an equal say in major decisions affecting the children. Pennsylvania has two forms of child custody: legal custody and physical custody. Physical custody is defined as the actual physical possession and control of the child. Legal custody is defined as the right to make major decisions on behalf of the child, including, but not limited to, medical, religious and educational decisions. Physical custody can be divided between parents in any number of ways. But legal custody is typically shared equally between parents. While it is often harder for parents whose children do not reside primarily with them to exercise their legal custody rights, effective strategies are available that would aid these parents in securing an active role in major decisions affecting the children . Doctors, teachers, mental health professionals and other individuals who are in contact with your children often lack a clear understanding of the legal rights of divorced or separated parents. Divorced or separated parents need, in effect, to educate these third parties by informing them that both parents have the same rights and are entitled to the same information. For example, if a parent is having difficulty obtaining information from a child‘s school, the school should be given a copy of the custody order which sets forth the legal custody rights of both parents. School officials may not be sure to whom to release information, but a custody order will conclusively resolve any such confusion. Next, parents should not rely upon the other parent to provide them with school information. Both parents should obtain the information directly from the school. Similarly, parents should not rely upon the other parent to provide them with medical or mental health treatment information. Parents should be proactive in obtaining this information directly from the provider. Advising the school or medical provider of the parent’s interest and involvement with the children will likely facilitate the school or medical provider’s effort to ensure that both parents are kept informed of any developments involving their children. It is not uncommon for a therapist or a counselor to treat a child without the permission or knowledge of both parents, even though such unilateral treatment violates the treating professional’s code of professional responsibility. If parents learn that their children are in treatment by mental health professionals, they should immediately inform the therapist or counselor to suspend the treatment or, alternatively, if they have no objections, that the provider share treatment and progress information with both parents, not just with the parent whom initiated the treatment. Finally, regular communication between parents regarding medical, educational and religious decisions will also increase both parents’ abilities to exercise their legal custody rights. Parents often avoid communication with one another out of mutual animosity, which only serves to impede one, or both parents participation in major decisions affecting their children. It is also advisable that parents not wait until the other parent reaches a major decision before raising an objection. . Both parents should take an active role in discussing and reaching major decisions for their children from the outset. Parents often complain that the other parent interferes with, or prevents them, from exercising their legal custody rights. Courts are sensitive to this issue. If there is a demonstrated pattern of one parent obstructing the legal custody rights of the other parent, or if one parent uses his or her legal custody rights to prevent a child from receiving necessary treatment or educational assistance, a court can take away or limit one parent’s legal custody rights. For example, if a parent refuses to place a child in counseling despite a demonstrated need, the court could limit or suspend altogether the legal custody of that parent regarding mental health issues, and give the other parent sole or primary legal custody in that area. Being mindful of your rights as parents and being proactive in the above ways will assist divorced or separated parents in playing an active role in the major decisions affecting their children.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line584
__label__cc	0.527132	0.472868	The Downside of Michigan Jobless Pay by Jonathan Witt • May 11, 2010 I have close friends here in Michigan who are out of work–talented, principled, hard-working people who are either unemployed or seriously underemployed. My heart breaks for them and for everyone eager to work who has been blindsided by the current recession. Unfortunately, government policies to help sometimes make the situation worse. A recent Detroit News story offers fresh evidence, evidence suggesting that Michigan’s bloated nanny state is creating perverse incentives in the labor market, incentives that are both economically and morally degrading: In a state with the nation’s highest jobless rate, landscaping companies are finding some job applicants are rejecting work offers so they can continue collecting unemployment benefits. Members of the Michigan Nursery and Landscape Association “have told me that they have a lot of people applying but that when they actually talk to them, it turns out that they’re on unemployment and not looking for work,” said Amy Frankmann, the group’s executive director. “It is starting to make things difficult.” Chris Pompeo, vice president of operations for Landscape America in Warren, said he has had about a dozen offers declined. One applicant, who had eight weeks to go until his state unemployment benefits ran out, asked for a deferred start date. “It’s like, you’ve got to be kidding me,” Pompeo said. “It’s frustrating. It’s honestly something I’ve never seen before. They say, ‘Oh, OK,’ like I surprised them by offering them a job.” Some job applicants are asking to be paid in cash so they can collect unemployment illegally, said Gayle Younglove, vice president at Outdoor Experts Inc. in Romulus. State benefits last for up to 26 weeks. The unemployed can then apply for extended federal benefits that increase the total time on the public dole up to a maximum of 99 weeks. The federal jobless benefits extension “is the most generous safety net we’ve ever offered nationally,” said David Littmann, senior economist of the Mackinac Center for Public Policy, a free-market-oriented research group in Midland. The extra protection reduces the incentive to find work, he said. The solution isn’t to walk away from charity. The solution is to return the lion’s share of charity work to families, churches and local communities. This is charity with a human face, charity that can make important distinctions informed by local knowledge, charity that promotes human flourishing rather than dependency and dysfunction. It’s a change that will require governments to stop crowding into the sphere of private charity, and for families, churches and community organizations to prayerfully crowd back into charitable work they may have turned over to the government in decades past. No system of charity is perfect, private or otherwise. And government-directed help has its place, such as in the case of some natural disasters. However, the evidence continues to mount that long-term, state directed charity leads to moral and economic disaster. It’s time to change. Jonathan Witt Posted in News and EventsTagged charity, jobless, jobless benefits, Landscaping, michigan, Michigan economy, perverse incentives, recession, unemployment benefits, unintended consequences It Must Be An Election Year GM Bankruptcy A ‘Hammer Blow’ To Michigan A Lesson from Michigan: Time to End Crony Unionism Michigan Science, No. 7, Spring 2008	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line586
__label__cc	0.659463	0.340537	Archive for the ‘Liberty’ Category Score One for the First Amendment James Webb came across a law enforcer expropriating wealth from a motorist and did what any red blooded American would do, he cranked up NWA’s Fuck the Police. The officer, having no self awareness or sense of humor, cited Webb for violating the city’s noise ordinance. Instead of paying, Webb decided to take the matter to court. The jury quickly decided that the case was “>stupid and ruled in Webb’s favor: A man facing jail time for blasting the song “F the Police” and allegedly violating Pontiac’s noise ordinance was found not guilty by a jury. “The police officer’s reasoning was that he said this music was vulgar. And part of the vulgarity was that it used the F word, but we had on the video that the first man the officer had pulled over; the officer is dropping F-bombs with him. So why is it OK for this man to hear the F-word but not other people?” said Nicholas Somberg, who represented Webb in court. Webb chose not to pay the fine for allegedly violating the noise ordinance and instead chose to take the case to trial. The jury took all of nine minutes to come back with a not guilty verdict. Kudos to Webb for taking the citation to court rather than paying it. Kudos to the jury for only taking nine minutes to decide that the accusation against Webb was stupid. And kudos to the officer whose argument was based on the vulgarity of Webb’s music while he was on camera using vulgarities himself. Score one for the freedom of expression. Tagged with Law and Disorder, Not So Crazy Libertarian Ideals, You're Doing it Right, Your Government Doesn't Love You Intellectual Property Laws are Ineffective I’ve enjoyed pointing out the absurdities that the concept of intellectual property enables. Now I want to address the matter from a more pragmatic angle. Gun rights activists like to point out the fact that gun control laws are ineffective and thus passing them is pointless. Advocates for drug legalization like to point out the fact that drug prohibitions are ineffective and should thus be repealed. Both are sound arguments. Investing resources into enforcing ineffective laws is a waste. Those resources would be better redirected at effective means of addressing problems. Many of the people who make those two arguments are surprisingly inconsistent with their logic when it comes to intellectual property laws though. Intellectual property laws are ineffective. I can pirate almost any creative work right now with a few keystrokes thanks to numerous piracy websites. The most notorious of these sites is The Pirate Bay. Governments around the world have attempted to use intellectual property laws to shutdown The Pirate Bay for more than a decade but the site remains online. Even when governments are able to shutdown a piracy site, several new ones appear in their place. And those are clearnet sites whose server locations and operators are, for the most part, easily found. There is a whole world of “darknet” piracy sites hidden with Tor Hidden Service, I2P, and similar protocols. Piracy can’t even be thwarted in the physical world. Everything from counterfeit designer clothing and fashion accessories to counterfeit electronics can be readily had. Even the government of the United States can’t reliably distinguish counterfeit components from authentic ones. Advocates of intellectual property continue to claim that intellectual property laws protect inventors and authors of creative works but the evidence indicates otherwise. Intellectual property is a fairly modern concept. Before it came into being inventors and authors came up with other strategies to protect their works. The same is still true today even with intellectual property laws on the books. Coca-Cola, for example, doesn’t have a patent on its formula. Instead it relies on keeping it a secret. Kentucky Fried Chicken relies on the same strategy. Many online content creators make a living on content that they release for free. How do they accomplish this? By urging their fans to support them through services like Patreon. For a fee Twitch viewers can subscribe to the channels of creators they enjoy to support them. YouTube allows creators to monetize videos through advertising. Many inventors and authors utilize crowdsourcing services such as Kickstarter to get paid upfront before releasing their latest product. Netflix, Spotify, and iTunes Music have also demonstrated that piracy can be reduced by offering a product in a convenient package at a reasonable price. Why bother searching through various pirating sites for a song when you can pay $10 a month to Spotify or Apple to access a vast all-you-can-consume buffet of music? Your time is worth money after all and for many people $10 a month isn’t a lot of money. None of these strategies would likely exist if intellectual property laws were effective. If gun control laws and drug prohibitions are argued to be pointless because they’re ineffective, then so should intellectual property laws. Tagged with Against Intellectual Property, Not So Crazy Libertarian Ideals Changing the Rules Way After the Sale Nintendo believes it can use its intellectual property claims to prevent you from monetizing any footage you make of its video games. Restrictions like this are generally only presented in the end user license agreement (EULA) after you’ve purchased the game. But what happens when the restriction is implemented retroactively? Today it’s understood that when you purchase a software package, you will be presented with pages and pages of legalese when you first attempt to use it. That wasn’t always the case. When you purchased old Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) or Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) games, the boxes didn’t include contracts that you had to sign and send off to Nintendo before receiving an actual copy of the game nor did the games themselves present you with a EULA to which you had to agree before playing. Nintendo is a notoriously litigious company and a few years ago was using the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) to have footage of things like altered Super Mario World levels removed from YouTube. Because of the conditions I mentioned above, nobody who purchased a copy of Super Mario World for the SNES agreed to not alter the contents of the cartridge. They didn’t agree to any restrictions whatsoever. But through the magical process of intellectual property, namely the copyrights granted to Nintendo by the government over the characters that appear in Super Mario World as well as the software itself, Nintendo is able to change the rules way after the sales occurred. This absurdity is compounded by the fact that copyrights can remain valid for the life of the creator plus 70, 95, or 120 years after their death [PDF] depending on the type of work. Compounding the absurdity even more is the fact that copyright terms that were already ridiculously long were extended whenever the copyright for Micky Mouse was about to expire (hence why it is often called the Mickey Mouse Law). If we go by precedent, the stupidly long terms we’re currently suffering under will likely be extended again and again. That means Nintendo could continue adding new restrictions to old NES and SNES games for decades to come. Imagine if this characteristic of copyright law was applied to physical property. Let’s say you purchased a Ford F-150 today. Now let’s fast forward two decades. You still own the F-150 and have had to resort to having new parts custom fabricated because all of the major replacement parts manufacturers stopped producing new parts. One day you receive a letter in the mail from Ford, which is a cease and desist order for installing custom fabricated parts in the truck. Ford decided to pull a John Deere by claiming its copyrights to the software on the truck grant it the right to restrict you from maintaining your 20-year-old truck. It sounds pretty absurd, doesn’t it? But that’s the reality people are facing with NES and SNES games that they purchased two decades ago. Tagged with Against Intellectual Property, Technology Changing the Rules After the Sale As I noted last week, the concept of intellectual property is an oxymoron. Today I want to expand on that by pointing out another absurdity of intellectual property. Let’s consider a hypothetical situation where I own an electronics store and you just purchased a laptop from me. There was nothing unusual about the transaction. You didn’t have to read any contracts or sign any papers. You handed me cash and I handed you a laptop. The laptop is yours, right? Not so fast. When you get home and power up your new laptop for the first time, you are presented with a legal contract that says you can’t make any modifications to the laptop’s hardware, install any operating system other than the one that came with the laptop, or install any software not distributed by the manufacturer’s app store. If you don’t agree with the contract, you can’t use the computer. What I just described is a slightly hyperbolic version of a shrink wrap license. When you purchase a piece of software, you usually aren’t presented with the end user license agreement (EULA), the document that lays out what you can and can’t do with the software, until after the sale. No big deal, you may think, because if you don’t agree with the post-sale EULA, you can just return the software, right? You may find that easier said than done. Most stores won’t take back copies of software that have been opened and if you read the EULAs for online app stores, there are often severe restrictions in place in regards to returning purchases. But even if you can return the software, why should that be considered your only form of recourse? Why should you be bound to any terms presented after the transaction has been concluded? This is yet another characteristic of intellectual property that I doubt most people would so willingly accept if it were applied to physical property. If you purchased a car and the dealer decided to foist a bunch of restriction on you after you paid for the vehicle but before you drove it off of the lot (i.e. it’s your property but you haven’t gotten into the car since it became your property), would you take them seriously? Most people probably wouldn’t. I certainly wouldn’t. So why is such a practice considered acceptable for intellectual property? Capitalism is Having to… A popular meme amongst socialists is “Capitalism is having to,” followed by something that one needs to do to survive. For example, capitalism is having to enslave yourself to a corporation just so you can eat. This meme would be a lot more effective if the alternative was actually better but as Robert Higgs points out, the alternative sucks: All honest people recognize that when push comes to shove, state functionaries will kill people who steadfastly refuse to pay the tribute (“taxes”) that the rulers demand. Yet people whose very survival hinges on their paying what amounts to rent on their own lives persist in calling themselves free. Under a capitalist system you have to sell your labor to an employer, become an entrepreneur, appeal to a patron, or find some other means of obtaining the means of survival. Under a socialist system the State is supposed to provide your means of survival but it needs the resources to do so since nobody has figured out how to conjure food, water, shelter, and clothing from ether. It acquires those resources through a system of taxation. The difference between the capitalist and socialist systems is that the capitalist system puts your survival in your own hands whereas the socialist system requires you to first pay rent on your very life and only then can you hope that the State will deem you worthy of receiving the resources you need to survive. Tagged with Not So Crazy Libertarian Ideals, Your Government Doesn't Love You You Have Only the Rights You Can Take and Hold I lamented about living in a postliterate society when the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Jack Phillips. Nobody read the fucking article so they decided that the Supreme Court ruled in favor of religious rights when it actually ruled in regards to procedural shenanigans. The American Institute for Economic Research has a good summary of what the ruling entails: Reading this case literally, we can conclude the following. If you want to exercise property rights and behave as if you are free, according to the Supreme Court, you need to get religion right away and hope that the bureaucrats adjudicating your case put you down as a monster for that very reason. Then you can narrowly escape prosecution. Otherwise you must comply. If you take the majority opinion on face value, had the deliberations in Colorado been undertaken with no invidious discrimination against the faith of the baker, the decision would have gone the other way. In other words, you don’t have any rights. I’ve discussed this matter before but it’s worth repeating. Questions regarding rights, such as whether or not you have the right to refuse to provide a good or service due to your personal religious convictions, are pointless. Why? To pull out one of my favorite George Carlin quotes, “Folks I hate to spoil your fun, but there’s no such thing as rights. They’re imaginary. We made them up. Like the boogie man. Like Three Little Pigs, Pinocchio, Mother Goose, shit like that. Rights are an idea. They’re just imaginary.” You can claim that you have the right to freely express yourself or the right to own firearms or the right to not incriminate yourself but you only actually have those rights if you can exercise them. Consider Jack Phillips’s case. He believed that he had the right to refuse to bake a cake for a same-sex marriage because his religious beliefs are at odds with such a union. When he tried to exercise his perceived right, government goons came down on him. Even after his Supreme Court victory, he doesn’t have the right to refuse to bake cakes for same-sex weddings because he failed to convince the Supreme Court, and by extent the various levels of government in the United States, that he had such a right. When (and it will be a matter of when, not if, because it’s human nature to push boundaries) another same-sex couple comes into his bakery wanting a cake for their wedding and he refuses, he’ll find himself in court all over again. You only have the rights you can take and hold. How you take and hold them is irrelevant. If you are able to convince a group to respect your perceived rights, then you have taken and held those rights. If you have enough firepower at hand to scare people away from infringing on your perceived rights, then you have taken and held those rights. But if you can’t take and hold them, even if they’re written down on a fancy piece of paper, they don’t exist. June 7th, 2018 at 11:00 am Tagged with Not So Crazy Libertarian Ideals, Radical Individualism There Must Always Be a New Frontier The early days of the Internet were akin to the myth of the Wild West. There was no rule of law. First tens then hundreds and eventually thousands of little experiments were running simultaneously. Some experiments attracted users and flourished, other experiments failed to attract users and floundered. It didn’t matter much because it didn’t require a lot of capital to put a server online. Some of the successful experiments became more and more successful. Their success allowed the to push out or buy up their competitors. Overtime they turned into multimillion and even multibillion dollar websites. Slowly but surely much of the Internet was centralized into a handful of silos. Much like the Wild West of mythology, the Internet gradually became domesticated and restricted. There’s nothing unique about the story of the Internet. New frontiers have a tendency to slowly become “civilized.” The rule of law is established. Restrictions are put into place. The number of experiments continue to approach zero. However, “civilization” is never the end of experimentation. Experimenters simply need to move to a new frontier. Innovation slows to a crawl and can even stop entirely without frontiers. The Internet is mostly “civilized” at this point. A handful of successful experiments such as Amazon, Facebook, and Google exercise a tremendous amount of control. With a simple statement they can make or break other experiments and amplify or silence voices. Moreover, the rule of law has been established by various national governments and they will only tighten their grips. In order for innovation to continue on the Internet, the next frontier must be explored. Fortunately, there are several frontiers. The most popular are “darknets,” networks that bake anonymity in by default. If clients and servers are unable to identify each others’ locations, they can’t enforce rules on one another. Other frontiers are mesh networks. While mesh networks are able to access the Internet, they are also able to operate independently. Being decentralized, it’s far more difficult to enact widespread censorship on a mesh network than on the traditional Internet whose users depend on a handful of Internet Service Providers (ISP) for their connection. But the most exciting frontiers are the ones that remain entirely unexplored. Of course the cycle will repeat itself. The next frontier will become “civilized,” which is why there must always be a new frontier if innovation is to continue. March 23rd, 2018 at 11:30 am Tagged with Crypto-Anarchism, Technology The Arbitrary Nature of Laws There are always vultures swooping down after a mass shooting to pick at the corpses. Here in Minnesota the vultures, after gorging themselves on the dead in Florida, have introduced one doozy of a gun control bill. The bill contains it all. Mandatory registration of firearms, a ban on aesthetically offensive firearms, a ban on purchasing ammunition online, banning people who owe child support from owning firearms (which is rather random), etc. The bill has obviously been sitting on the back burner waiting for a tragedy to exploit. I think the bill is an excellent example of the arbitrary nature of laws in general. If this laws is passed, I would be declared a criminal. Not because I hurt anybody but because some politicians decided to change the rules on a whim. That’s ultimately the biggest problem with government. It’s impossible to do any long term planning when the rules can changed arbitrarily. Consider the seemingly simple prospect of buying a home. A home is generally a long term investment. However, a single change of the rules one evening could force you to flee the state less you be arrested for violating the new rules. Suddenly your long term investment becomes a liability that needs to be offloaded so you can regain some capital to acquire a place to live in another state. Moreover, unless you live near the border of a friendlier state, you will likely have to find a new job and social circle. Tagged with Gun Rights, Minnesota, Not So Crazy Libertarian Ideals, Politics, Superdickery, Your Government Doesn't Love You Rise Again The Spanish government dealt a blow to Catalonia last year when it brought the boot down on the autonomous community. However, while the Catalonians may be down, they’re not out: MADRID/COPENHAGEN (Reuters) – Catalonia’s parliament nominated former leader Carles Puigdemont, sacked by Spain for unilaterally declaring independence, as candidate to rule the region again in a sign of defiance to Madrid and Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy’s government. Puigdemont and his suporters say he can rule from self-imposed exile in Belgium, where he fled to in October to avoid arrest for his part in organising a banned referendum on a split from Spain and the consequent declaration of independence. I’m glad to see that the Catalonian parliament, unlike any state level government in this country, has enough backbone to stand up against the national level of government. This move should also demonstrate to the Spanish government that it’s attempt to continue oppressing Catalonia isn’t likely to succeed. One of two things can happen when a government brings the boot down on its subjects. The first thing is that the subjects are frightened enough to roll over. However, if that doesn’t happen then more often than not the subjects are emboldened to resist further. In the latter case there is very little a government can do outside of wiping out the entire rebellious population. In the long run, if the Catalonians keep up their current pace of resistance, Catalonia will will likely win its independence. Tagged with Law and Disorder, You're Doing it Right Mutual Aid in the Real World As an opponent of statism I’m often confronted with statists who want to know where welfare would come from without a government. Explaining how mutual aid has worked before governments involved themselves in the industry doesn’t appease them because they can simply write such examples off as archaic solutions that cannot work in the modern world. I therefore keep my eyes open for examples of mutual aid being practiced in the modern world. I’ve been reading Africa: Altered States, Ordinary Miracles. So far it has been a really good overview of modern history in various African countries. The opening of the chapter on Senegal introduced a fascinating Islamic Sufi order. From pages 255-256: In 1895 the Senegalese Islamic mystic and poet Cheikh Amadu Bamba Mbacke got out of the boat that was taking him to exile in Gabon and, kneeling on a mat that appeared miraculously in the water, prayed to Allah. Then he walked across the water back to Senegal and founded a global African trading company based on Islamic principles. Those who work for it are known as Mourides. In any city in the world today, if an African street trader offers you jewellery, belts or bags, he is almost certainly a Mouride, a follow of Amadu Bamba. The movement he founded is based on three rules: follow God, work and provoke no-one. Later his followers founded dahiras, prayer circles where they could meet, socialize and read the Koran and Amadu Bamba’s poems. They were also required to pay a subscription to help follow members in trouble and to contribute to the expenses of the whole movement and its leader. For rural people arriving in town for the first time, the dahira provides a base and a network. The subscription enables new members to find accommodations and work. If one of their number dies, it gives money to bring the body home for burial. Furthermore, taxes aren’t paid in the city where the order was founded, an autonomous zone in Senegal. From pages 257-258: One shopkeeper in a long robe and Muslim kufi, selling music CDs and tapes, tells me that he came here and joined the Mouride because no-on pays taxes in Tourba. ‘Touba is not part of the state,’ he says. If there is a problem that requires money the Marabout calls a committee and they ask everyone to contribute. And immediately everyone gives, it’s called Adiya. They give because they follow the Marabout but also because if they give, people know the road will be fixed and the water will run again. This is not like Dakar … It’s all one family here. If you believe in the father, you believe in his sons. Then there is the money you pay for the poor here — two and a half percent of your profit, so no-one suffers. Entrepreneurs who have setup a network of mutual aid to help other members of their entrepreneurial order? And membership in the order is voluntary? I’ve been told that such a thing is impossible. I’m not claiming that Tourban is an anarchist utopia or that the Mouride are anarchists. But they are practicing a way of life that provides the commodities most people ascribe to statism without statism. The Mouride are demonstrating today that there is more than one solution to the problems statists mistakenly believe can only be solved by governments. Tagged with Not So Crazy Libertarian Ideals, You're Doing it Right	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line588
__label__wiki	0.775516	0.775516	Paul Ryan’s biggest gaffes, lies and missteps By Max Kranl on October 11, 2012 at 3:08 PM When it comes to gaffes, Paul Ryan is no Joe Biden. But he has managed to develop a reputation as a “serial exaggerator,” typified by his claim that he had run a marathon in less than three hours. Here is a sampling of Ryan missteps: An unbelievable marathon time Paul Ryan is a sports-guy, but when he talked about his marathon-time from over 20 years ago he became a little over-ambitious. Ryan said, he took 2 hours 50-something minutes, which obviously is a very good time. However, the records told that his actual time was over 4 hours. He called his error an “honest mistake.” Watch, how he explains his gaffe on CBS. Errors by the bushel at the Republican convention Ryan’s speech at the RNC was a gift to fact-checkers. It was so full of lies that even FOX News stepped on the fact-check-train. According to them, Ryan’s speech ”was an apparent attempt to set the world record for the greatest number of blatant lies and misrepresentations slipped into a single political speech.” To review his entire speech, click on the video below. Take away tax shelters Mitt Romney uses offshore tax shelters like the Cayman Islands. Paul Ryan might have forgotten that when he made the following proposal in the first interview together with Romney on Sixty Minutes: “What we’re saying is take away the tax shelters that are uniquely enjoyed by people in the top tax brackets so they can’t shelter as much money from taxation, should lower tax rates for everybody to make America more competitive.” Romney’s face turned a little shocked, as you can see in the video. What about these tax loopholes? The nation is puzzling over Romney/Ryan’s tax plan: they want to balance the tax cuts by reducing tax deductions and eliminating loopholes, but, in fact, they struggle when it comes to explaining which loopholes they will eliminate. Check out this Ryan interview with ABC News. Showing some muscles Whether this is a judgment error or a sign of political “strength” is in the eye of the beholder. Today, Time magazine published photos of Ryan in his training outfit and a baseball-cap lifting a huge hantel and demonstratively showing his biceps. The pictures were actually taken 10 months ago, when Ryan was nominated for Time’s “Person of the Year” lineup. As he didn’t make it the photos stayed unused — until now. With tonight’s debate nearing, Time decided to publish them. Abrupt end of an interview An interview between Ryan and a Michigan local ABC TV reporter ended with an argument. After the reporter asked a provocative question, Ryan responded, “those are your words, not mine.” Before he could continue, his spokesman interrupted. Watch for yourself! Max Kranl	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line592
__label__wiki	0.549197	0.549197	Building the Open Source Circular Economy Commons Culture & Ideas Default Ethical Economy Open Coops & Sustainable Livelihoods Fraternitas Mercatorum : the political origins of brotherhood in the merchant and craft guilds July 27, 2016 1 Comment David de Ugarte read Fraternity is a key Western value since the time of the Greeks… But how did it become the yearning of the urban masses to the point of forming a triad with freedom and equality? In order to rescue the following story in this series, we will travel with Henri Pirenne to the times of the birth of the merchant class and the rise of the arts between the tenth and fifteenth centuries. Pirenne was one of the great historians of the Middle Ages, and although his work focused on what would later become Belgium, the story we are interested in affects all Western Europe, because: The “brotherhoods,” “charities” and commercial “companies” of the Romance-language countries are exactly analogous to the hanses and guilds of the Germanic regions. There is even a similar organization in Dalmatia. What has dominated economic organization are in no way “national genius,” but social needs. Primitive trade institutions were as cosmopolitan as the feudal ones. So let’s go to the 10th century. The first merchants don’t have the glamor of their Renaissance descendants: The sources allow us to get an accurate idea of trade groupings that, from the tenth century onwards, are becoming more numerous in Western Europe. You have to imagine them as armed gangs whose members, armed with weapons and swords, surround the horses and carts loaded with sacks, bales, and barrels. They are armed because their life is nomadic and risky, constantly subjected to the dangers of the trips of those times. In the same way that the navigation of Venice and Amalfi, and later, that of Pisa and Genoa, make far-reaching voyages from the start, mainland merchants spend their lives wandering through vast areas. It was the only way for them to obtain significant profits. In order to be able to sell at high prices, they had to travel far to the areas where products were in abundance, in order to then be able to resell them profitably in places where they were scarce, and therefore more valuable. The farther the merchant’s trip was, the more advantageous it was for them. And this is easy to understand assuming that the profit motive was powerful enough to counteract the fatigue, the risks, and the dangers of a wandering life, exposed to all hazards. It is this continuous and dramatic risk that strengthens the social cohesion of the group. Neither can survive without the other. They themselves are considered a phratry, a group of “brothers”: The standard-bearer marches at the head of the caravan. A boss, the Hansgraf or Dean, assumes command of the company, which consists of “brothers” united by an oath of fidelity. A strong spirit of solidarity encourages the whole group. Goods are apparently bought and sold in common, and profits distributed in proportion to the contribution made by each to the association. This new kind of real community collides with the prevailing values at the time due to its nomadism and meritocratic ethos. Other than in winter, the merchant of the Middle Ages is permanently on the road. Interestingly, the English texts of the twelfth century called them “dusty feet” (pedes pulverosi). These wandering beings, these vagrants of commerce, must have amazed the agricultural society with whose customs it clashed, and where there was no place reserved for them, due to their extraordinary lifestyle. It represented mobility among a people with strong bonds to the land. It introduced, in a world faithful to tradition and respectful of a hierarchy that determined the role and range of each class, a calculating and rationalist mentality for which fortune, instead of being measured by the condition of man, only depended on his intelligence and energy. We cannot be surprised, then, if it caused scandal. The nobility had nothing but contempt for those foreigners, whose origin was unknown and whose insolent fortune was unbearable. It was enraged for seeing them in possession of larger amounts of money than them; it felt humiliated by having to rely, in difficult times, on the help of these new rich. Nor will the Church approve of them: As to the clergy, their attitude to traders was even more unfavorable. For the Church, commercial life endangered the salvation of the soul. The trader, says a text attributed to St. Jerome, can hardly please God. Freedom as identity Because the merchant is a freedman who breaks the social scale, an upstart son of servants who “improves without improving his blood”: The legal status of traders eventually provided them, in this society for which they were original for so many reasons, a totally unique place. Due to the wandering life they led, they were foreigners everywhere. No one knew the origin of these eternal travelers. Most came from non-free parents, whom they abandoned very young in order to live a life of adventure. But servitude is not pre-judged, it must be proved. The law establishes that a man that cannot be assigned to a master is necessarily free. It so happened that it was necessary to consider traders, most of whom were undoubtedly sons of servants, as if they had always enjoyed freedom. In fact, they became free by loosing their attachment to their native soil. Amid a social organization in which the people were tied to the land and each member depended on a lord, they presented the unusual spectacle of going about without being claimed by anyone. They don’t demand freedom: it was given to them as a result of the impossibility of showing them that they did not enjoy it. In a way, they acquired it by use and by prescription. In short, just like the agrarian civilization had made the peasant a man whose habitual state was slavery, commerce allowed the merchant to become a man whose habitual state was freedom. Gradually, fairs and markets become stable, and with them, the presence of merchants-artisans: For these newcomers, association was the surrogate, or even the substitute of family organization. Thanks to it, a new, more artificial and at the same time simpler social grouping emerged among the urban population, together with the patriarchal institutions that had prevailed until then. The artisans/traders didn’t recognize children of a marriage of a slave and a freedman man as subject to bondage. Moreover, if a servant came to town and was accepted as an apprentice, he was freed, for all practical purposes, and protected by the community. The law allowed the Lords to claim the children of mixed marriages or urbanized servants, but, For the trader, the mere idea of such interference must have seemed monstrous and intolerable. The arts and equality Enter the arts. Their aim is to consolidate, through economic equality, that which originally had been a close cooperation between different “bands” of merchants/artisans to ensure survival. Within each art, competition was regulated to the point of making revenues and way of life equal for all members. Among these men of equal profession, equal fortune and equal longings, close ties of friendship were created or, to use the expression that appears in contemporary documents, of fraternity. A charity was organized in each trade: brotherhood, charité, etc. The brothers helped each other, took care of the livelihood of widows and orphans of their comrades, jointly attended the funerals of the members of their group, participating side by side in the same religious ceremonies and in the same celebrations. The unity of feelings corresponded with economic equality. It constituted their spiritual guarantee, while reflecting the harmony between industrial legislation and the aspirations of those it was applied to. The Arts were real communities, groups of artisans/merchants who knew each other and reproduced and developed in their organization a specialized expertise of their own. But their weight in cities is such that their lifestyle becomes the spirit of the city itself: Rural organization was patriarchal. The idea of paternal power gave way to the concept of brotherhood. The members of the guilds and the charités already called each other brothers, and the word passed from these associations to the entire population, “Unus subveniat alteri tanquam fratri suo,” says the “keure of Aire”: “one shall help the other as a brother.” Taking fraternity to city government And that’s when the fraternity that characterizes the arts inwardly starts to become a project and a political myth, together with the demand for freedom associated with the end of the “right of womb” and their practice of internal egalitarianism. Their way of materializing this was simply hacking the feudal order by occupying public services, taking them for themselves: They were no longer content with their corporate competencies. They dared to assume public functions and, facing no opposition from the authorities, usurped their place. Each year in Saint-Omer, the guild allocated its surplus revenues to the common good, that is, to road maintenance and construction of gates and walls in the city. Other texts suggest that something similar happened, from very ancient times, in Arras, Lille, and Tournai. In fact, during the 13th century, the urban economy in these two cities was controlled, in the first, by the charité Saint-Christophe, and in the second, by the count of the Hansa. Officially, it had no right to act the way it did; its intervention is explained by the cohesion that was reached by its members and the power they had as a group And by then the committees mercatorum of Carolingian times has already become Count of the Hansa, a title that did not come from royal or feudal merit, but from a tradition that was based on the very organization of the original caravans of merchants. The contradictions between the first urban patricians and the arts will not take too long to arise. The latter would eventually end up openly fighting for the representation and the the power to organize the cities. In Liege, they will earn it intermittently beginning in 1253, and definitively as of 1384, and in Ghent, intermittently during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries until the fifteenth. This brings about a novel form of political legitimacy: the judges of the boroughs exercise power on behalf of the communitas (community), or the universitas civium (all citizens), and not on that of the civil Prince or the Church, but neither on that of the fraternity or brotherhood that binds together the artisans and builds the obligation to belong to a trade to exercise full citizenship (as in the Florence ruled by the arts). The community, however, was not defined in a trivial way. On the contrary, it required an identity and strong material relationships of each to the whole. In the cities where there were courts, as well as in those lacking them, citizens were a body, a community whose members were all in solidarity with each other. Nobody was a bourgeois without paying the municipal oath, which linked him closely with the rest of the bourgeois. His person and property belonged to the city, and both could be, at any time, required if need be. You could not conceive the bourgeois in isolation, nor was it possible, in primitive times, to conceive of man individually. At the time of the barbarians, one was considered a person thanks to the family community to which one belonged, and one was a bourgeois, in the Middle Ages, thanks to the urban community that one was part of. Fraternity, which was born as the characteristic relationship among caravan traders, had grown to define the foundation of the body politic. The result in Liege — according to Pirenne, “the most democratic system that ever existed in the Netherlands” — required that All major issues should be submitted to the deliberation of the thirty-two guilds, and settled on each of them by recess or “sieultes” (verbal process through which the discussions of the diets are deposited.) Urban communitas is actually a confederation of arts in which, although the commitment of each is made towards the whole city, deliberation and decision remained in the space where relationships did not require mediation or representation. Brotherhood as a political myth is born of mutual aid among medieval merchants and artisans. It meant bringing the open and strongly cohesive logic of the arts to the government of the bourgeois city. This is why it would become the longing of the urban popular classes, but as we shall see, with the dilution of the rigid organizational framework of the art, the original idea of fraternity is transformed and becomes confused. It will no longer be the product of a series of interactions among peers that scale only through the guild confederation. In the next installment, we will go back to the Greek classics to understand why “fraternity,” even if it remains one of the founding values of European political thought, became so difficult to define. Translated by Alan Furth from the original in Spanish. Community Fraternity Henri Pirenne history markets Middle Ages Commons Culture & Ideas P2P Art and Culture P2P Cultures and Politics Politics Polish culture is turning barren July 26, 2016 0 Comment Connected Action for the Commons read ← Polish culture is turning barren Catarina Mota introduces the Open Building Institute → 1 Comment → Fraternitas Mercatorum : the political origins of brotherhood in the merchant and craft guilds Albertine harris August 9, 2016 at 8:47 pm indeed. I would comment on the importance of involving the workforce and creating a green concept to unite all organizations. Serving black or green certificates will have a great effect to improve systems pirated by dangerous fraudsters. David de Ugarte David de Ugarte. Economist, technologist and entrepreneur committed to new models of economic democracy. Founder and theorist of the Spanish cyberpunk group (1989-2007), founder of Piensa en red SA (1999-2002) and later of the Cooperative Society of las Indias Electrónicas (2002) and of the Cooperative Group of las Indias, in which he’s in charge of new project development.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line593
__label__cc	0.740795	0.259205	Activism Anti-P2P Campaigns Cognitive Capitalism Collective Intelligence Economy and Business Featured Trend P2P Collaboration P2P Ecology P2PF network articles Peer Property Sharing The Sustainable Development Goals: A Siren and Lullaby for Our Times October 1, 2015 No Comment Stacco Troncoso read Continuing our critical coverage of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, we are happy to share this article authored by P2P Foundation partners Thomas Pogge and Alnoor Ladha which was originally published at Occupy.com Most people haven’t heard about the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). And if you have, there’s probably a rosy halo emanating from the deep recesses of your subconscious. If so, the UN, the World Bank, the Gates Foundation, ONE.org, Save the Children and other counterparts of the charitable-industrial complex have done their job well. On the eve of the Sept. 25 UN summit – when the new SDGs, a set of 17 goals and 169 targets, will replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) – there is a battle for mindshare over the merits of this plan. The SDGs are important because they are a once-in-a-generation declaration of what the world’s power elites are willing to publicly commit. In fact, they are the only shared international agreement to address global poverty. As such, they capture many of the central assumptions and norms that underpin the global political economy. Keep Calm and Carry on Shopping At first glance, the rhetoric of the SDGs seems irresistible. They talk about eliminating poverty “in all its forms, everywhere” by 2030, through “sustainable development” and even addressing extreme inequality. None of which we would argue with of course. But as with all half-truths, one just has to dig beneath the surface for motivations to unravel. Recent research by economist David Woodward shows that to lift the number of people living under $1.25 a day (in “international dollars”) above the official SDG poverty line, we would have to increase global GDP by 15 times – assuming the best-case-scenario in growth rates and inequality trends from the last 30 years. That means the average global GDP per capita would have to rise to nearly $100,000 in 15 years, triple the average U.S. income right now. In a global economy that is so inefficient at distributing wealth, where 93 cents of every dollar of wealth created ends up in the hands of the richest 1%, more growth is only going to enrich the rich while destroying the planet in its wake. Of course, it is completely possible to achieve the necessary goal of reducing poverty, but not through the UN’s growth-based, business-as-usual strategy. Poverty can only be eradicated by 2030 if we address two critical issues head on: income inequality and endless material growth. First, we must address the enormous inequality that has accumulated in the last 200 years. The richest 1% of humanity will very soon own over half of private wealth. And indeed, large increases in the socioeconomic position of the poorer half can be achieved through very modest inequality reductions. For example, a hypothetical doubling of their share of global income, from 4% to 8%, even if it came entirely at the expense of the richest 5%, would only reduce the incomes of these top earners by less than 10%. The SDGs inequality goal (target 10.1) allows current trends of income concentration to continually increase until 2029 before they start to decline. This totally ignores the structure of our economic system which creates inequality in the very rules that enforce and articulate the current distribution of wealth. The other essential task is for the world’s nations to adopt a saner measure of human progress; one that gears us not towards endless GDP growth based on extraction and consumption, but towards the wellbeing of humanity and our planet as a whole. There are plenty of options to choose from, all of which have been ignored in the SDGs. Instead, Target 17.19 says only that they will, “by 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement GDP.” In effect, the SDGs perpetuate severe poverty and leave this fundamental problem to future generations. Magical Accounting Much of the credibility of the Sustainable Development Goals rests on the story that their predecessors – the Millennium Development Goals – have, on the whole, been a success. They have, so we are told, halved poverty since 1990. The clear implication is that the basic model of GDP growth is working so well that we should trust it to finish the job. And whereas it’s certainly true that progress has been made on some problems in some places, many researchers, including the authors of this article, have shown that this does not add up to overall success. In fact, the progress has been so uneven, and the core data has been so massaged over the years, that it’s more accurate to say that the claim to have halved poverty is more magical accounting than verifiable fact. For example, shortly after the MDGs were agreed, the UN moved from an aim of halving absolute numbers to halving the proportion of people in poverty. Then, they went from halving the proportion of impoverished people globally to just focusing on the developing world. They even went back in time to change the baseline year of recording, from 2000 back to 1990, which conveniently allowed them to co-opt all of China’s gains in lifting people out of poverty in the 1990s, despite the fact that China’s policies bear little resemblance to the UN’s prescriptions. And probably the most brazen of chimeric acts: they even changed the definition of poverty, moving their international poverty line (IPL) multiple times. It seems the MDGs are a virtual Potemkin Village, stage managed to keep the true poverty trends from being exposed. For the successor goals to have any credibility, they must adopt a more realistic measure of poverty, actually address the root causes, and guard against the kind of statistical manipulation that so blighted the MDGs. The Siren’s Call The obvious question is why the UN and others in the development industry would want to deceive the public, and arguably themselves. At one level, the objective of the UN, big foundations and other non-governmental organizations is to convince us of their competence, thereby creating enough support and interest to justify their existence and make them seen as worthy guardians of global issues – but not create so much political buoyancy and public attention that they would have to address the rules of the global operating system that has so benefited them. All the structural incentives are there to manipulate the figures and market themselves as a success. Then, of course, there is the influence of the corporate-political elites who both fund most of these organizations and require the “good news” trend lines to defend and maintain the status quo. Add to that the personal and professional ambition of individuals within some of these institutions and you have the perfect conditions for lies and half-truths to win the day. In this way, the SDGs serve as both our siren and our lullaby. We must understand that the development sector has two contradictory roles: they tell us that there are critical global issues to which we must pay heed, but then ensure us that they have the issues under control. This is why the UN, the World Bank and others have been so determined to convince us that they are competent and have the right plan. In fact, the UN has reached out to Madison Avenue in the hopes of marketing the SDGs, which they have positioned as the “world’s biggest advertising campaign.” They have even created a child-friendly propaganda kit for schoolteachers. If they can’t actually solve global problems, they can at least make us, and our children, think they’re solving them. As the fig leaves are being ornately decorated, it would serve civil society well to remember that we cannot fix deeply entrenched social problems with the same logic that created them in the first place. Poverty, inequality and climate change are natural outcomes of our current set of economic rules. More growth in the absence of structural change is only going to worsen the lives of the world’s majority. But in the topsy-turvy world of Western development, facts are malleable, history is irrelevant, public perception is the playing field, self-interest is the foundation of benevolence, and GDP growth will lift all boats. It’s time to separate the siren and the lullaby. Thomas Pogge is the founding Director of the Global Justice Program and Leitner Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs at Yale University. @ThomasPogge Alnoor Ladha is the Executive Director of The Rules and a board member of Greenpeace International USA. @AlnoorLadha You can stand with Naomi Klen, Noam Chomsky, Chris Hedges, Medha Patkar, Thomas Pogge, Alnoor Ladha and others by signing their shared Open Letter to the United Nations. gender inequality global inequality Global Poverty international poverty Millennium Development Goals Sustainable Development Goals wealth inequality Collective Intelligence Commons Commons Transition Ethical Economy Open Models P2P Collaboration P2P Development P2P Governance P2PF network articles Peer Property Sharing Urban Commons Sharing Cities to Gain Ground with New International Framework September 30, 2015 0 Comment Stacco Troncoso read ← Sharing Cities to Gain Ground with New International Framework Announcement: Fourth Festival for Solidarity and Cooperative Economy in Athens → Stacco Troncoso Stacco Troncoso (Spain) is the advocacy coordinator of the P2P Foundation as well as the project lead for Commons Transition, the P2PF’s main communication and advocacy hub. He is also co-founder of the P2P translation collective Guerrilla Translation. His work in communicating commons culture extends to public speaking and relationship-building with prefigurative communities, policymakers and potential commoners worldwide. Find out more at Stacco.works	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line594
__label__cc	0.656406	0.343594	Noble Gets Sponsored! June 29, 2016 • Save the Children Precious Mumba Community Mobilizer Save the Children in Zambia Noble at home with his father, mother and siblings Noble is 13 years old and a grade 4 pupil at one of the schools in the rural district of Lufwanyama, where Sponsorship works in Zambia. He is the firstborn in a family of four children, and the son of one of the volunteers that assists Save the Children in their community. He likes playing with his friends, and likes playing basketball the most. Though his community does not have any facilities for basketball specifically, he is eager to learn the sport better and one day play on the national team. When I learned Noble would be sponsored, I first consulted his father to let him know of the exciting news. His father, one of the many dedicated community volunteers we work with, encouraged me to discuss with Noble about how he felt, once he found out he had been sponsored. “I was very happy once I found out I had a sponsor, because I [now] have an opportunity to learn about things that happen in their country,” he told me. Since that day, Noble has had a number of correspondences with his sponsor, through which the two have developed a bond. He also explained that he has learned all about the different ways of life between Africa and the United States. “I used to admire my classmates when they received letters or small gifts from their sponsors. They would wear big smiles and dance around the classroom waving their letters in the air.” he said. Noble also told us that some students would even rush home right after classes to show their parents what their sponsors had sent them. Noble being interviewed and learning about Sponsorship from Save the Children staff Now, Noble shares in that joy, and simultaneously has come to better understand how important his education is. “My father always tells me the importance of being in school and how the sponsorship funds help young children like me benefit at the different schools in our district.” Whether they are sponsored or not, all children benefit from our education and health programs when we start working in a community. Despite this, the excitement of making a new friend in another country is very special for these children, whose world is often so small. Letter writing not only opens children’s eyes to new things, but also shows them the kindness and encouragement they may desperately need to foster a love of reading, writing and of learning. Consider sending a quick note to your sponsored child today! Child Protection (U.S.), Global Health Progress for Children in the Fight against HIV/AIDS Kechi Achebe, MD, MPH Senior Director, HIV/AIDS, International Programs Save the Children US UNAIDS and the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) released their “AIDS-Free Generation” report at the UN General Assembly High Level Meeting on Ending AIDS June 8-10th in New York, which indicated a 60% decline in HIV incidence among children since 2009 in the 21 sub-Saharan Africa nations most affected by the HIV epidemic. As a distinctive partner of UNAIDS, Save the Children contributed to these achievements through implementation of HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and treatment programs throughout Africa and Asia, helping 11.7 million children in 2015. UN General Assembly, June 8-10, 2016 The On the Fast-Track to an AIDS-Free Generation report highlights the many recent accomplishments made towards achieving an AIDS-free generation: New HIV infections among children in the 21 sub-Saharan Africa countries dropped from 270,000 in 2009 to 110,000 in 2015. New HIV infections among children have declined globally by 50% since 2010—down from 290,000 in 2010 to 150,000 in 2015. 49% of children living with HIV around the world now have access to life-saving treatment, compared to 32% who received treatment in 2014. Seven countries have reduced new HIV infections among children by more than 70% since 2009 (the baseline for the Global Plan). In India, the only Global Plan country outside of sub-Saharan Africa, new HIV infections in children dropped by 44% and coverage of services to pregnant women increased from less than 4% in 2010 to 31% in 2015. More than 80% of pregnant women living with HIV in the 21 countries in sub-Saharan Africa had access to medicines to prevent transmission of the virus to their child—up from just 36% in 2009. Six countries—Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland and Uganda—met the Global Plan goal of ensuring that 90% or more of pregnant women living with HIV had access to life-saving ARVs. Six additional countries provided antiretroviral medicines to more than 80% of pregnant women living with HIV. Access to treatment for children living with HIV has increased more than threefold since 2009—from 15% in 2009 to 51% in 2015. Despite this groundbreaking progress, the report also highlights prospective areas of improvement: Nigeria reduced new HIV infections among children by only 21%. Still only half of all children in need of treatment have access to ART. Early infant diagnosis coverage remains low. In the majority of the 21 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, less than half of childrenborn to women living with HIV received HIV testing within the first two months of age in 2015. New HIV infections among women of reproductive age declined by 5% below the target of 50%. Between 2009 and 2015, around 5 million women became newly infected with HIV in the 21 priority countries in sub-Saharan Africa, and AIDS-related illnesses remain the leading cause of death among adolescents on the continent. To continue to address these areas, at the meeting, UNAIDS and PEPFAR—in collaboration with other partners— Vice President of SC US Global Health, Robert Clay, meets with Myanmar’s Minister of Health, Dr. Myint Htwe on June 10, 2016 during the High Level Meeting on Ending AIDS. launched their Super Fast-Track framework for ending AIDS among children, adolescents, and young women. Titled “Start Free, Stay Free, AIDS-Free,” the initiative will build upon current progress made towards the previous Fast-Track framework to end the global AIDS epidemic. The new Super Fast-Track framework sets ambitious targets to: eliminate new HIV infections among children; find and ensure access to treatment for all children living with HIV; and prevent new HIV infections among adolescents and young women. The link to several press releases at the event can be found here. Julita Loves Reading and Writing, Thanks to Letters from Her Sponsor Lameck Kampion Sponsorship Field Officer Save the Children in Malawi Sponsorship operations for Save the Children in Malawi are school-based, meaning that the meeting point for children and sponsorship staff is at school. However, on some occasions, for example during the long school holiday between July and September, sponsorship staff must visit the children in their homes. It was during this time that my duties took me to visit a young girl who benefits from our programs, Julita, and her family to deliver a letter from her sponsor. A happy Julia after receiving a new letter from her sponsor When I arrived at their home I was warmly welcomed. As I settled in I offered to read the letter aloud. The whole family gathered around and listened very attentively, enjoying hearing this latest update from Julita’s sponsor. They sat pleased, with constant smiles on their faces as I read. The family then shared with me how much these letters mean to them. They told me that receiving letters from Julita’s sponsor is the most beautiful and valuable thing for their child. Receiving a letter symbolizes that someone cares about and values you, and that your special friend living so far away wants to hear from you, time and time again. Not only this, but receiving a piece of mail provides a special treasure and memory for children, who have so little, to cherish. It wasn’t surprising to learn that the letters from Julita’s sponsor have also been a source of encouragement in regards to her education. Her interest in school tremendously increased when she started receiving letters from her sponsor. She began working hard at her studies and now makes sure never to be absent from school. She has also developed a strong passion for reading and writing. Before enrolling in Sponsorship, Julita had never received a letter from anyone. It was exciting for her to know that her letters were not coming from Malawi, but from abroad, an experience cherished by all her family members. For her parents, they feel that their child is privileged because someone somewhere in another country cares for her education and wellbeing. They feel blessed to have her in the Sponsorship program and are committed to always encouraging their daughter in her studies. Julita and her whole family looks forward to receiving letters from so far away, on another continent! Julita’s hard work has indeed paid off. Her parents shared with me that she passed her final exams in grade 3 and was promoted to grade 4 for the coming school session. They attribute this achievement to the letters of encouragement from her sponsor and her resulting blossoming enthusiasm for reading and writing. In addition, they are thankful for the sponsor’s financial support, for example which helped the school in building a desperately needed new school block. This will allow students to learn in a quality, child-friendly learning environment. What do you write to your sponsored child about? You can ask about their family or their favorite games to play with friends, or include a picture of yourself or your family! Try offering words of encouragement, letting him or her know how proud you are of their achievements in school. Remember, just receiving a small note from abroad is exciting for your sponsored child, and their siblings and parents alike! Emergency Response, Refugee Crisis Children’s Education is Simply too Important to be a Casualty of War A blog post by Helle Thorning-Schmidt, CEO of Save the Children International and former Prime Minister of Denmark, and Julia Gillard, Chair of the Global Partnership for Education and former Prime Minister of Australia When Ali* and his family fled their home in Syria shortly after the war broke out, they had nothing but the clothes on their backs and hope for a better future. Five years on, that hope has turned to despair. Now in Lebanon, none of the family’s six children attend formal schooling, and 15-year-old Ali and his younger brother must work to support their family, digging potatoes for just $4 USD per day. With wars and persecution driving more than 20 million people worldwide – half of them children – to seek protection in other countries, many are struggling to access basic services. This includes healthcare and education, and the important day-to-day needs of food and shelter. While education is the single most important tool we can equip children with, it is often one of the first casualties of conflicts and emergencies. Less than 2 percent of global humanitarian funding is currently provided to pay for learning during crises – thereby wasting the potential of millions of children worldwide. Formal learning provides children with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed, while giving them hope for the future. It also gives children who have experienced the trauma and horrors of war and disaster the stability and sense of familiarity they need to be children, while protecting them from the risks of exploitation. Despite the generosity of many countries hosting large refugee populations – the vast majority of which are developing countries – most are struggling to provide refugees with the most basic services, including education. The situation is especially bleak in countries where a third generation of children has now been born into displacement. Enrollment in primary school among these vulnerable children is well below the national average in places like Lebanon, Uganda, Kenya and Malaysia – a gap which is even more startling among secondary school-aged refugees. In fact, refugee children globally are five times less likely to attend school than other children, with 50 percent of primary school-aged refugee children and 75 percent of secondary school-aged children completely left out of the education system. A poll commissioned by Save the Children in April found that 77 percent of respondents in 18 countries think children fleeing conflict have as much right to an education as any other child. Yet, for 3.2 million refugee children around the world like Ali and his siblings – who want nothing more than to learn and go to school – education is often an unattainable dream. We simply cannot allow this to continue. Nearly one month ago at the World Humanitarian Summit, several organizations, including the Global Partnership for Education and Save the Children, joined forces with governments and donors to stop education from falling through the cracks during emergencies. Save the Children also committed to campaigning to get all refugee children back in school within a month of being displaced. Being a refugee cannot be synonymous with missing out on a quality education or being denied a better future – especially when vulnerable children have been forced to flee their homes and countries through no fault of their own. In short, refugee children deserve the right to a quality education as much as any other child. We know that host countries need support from the international community and understand that no single country can solve this challenge on its own. But we also know that political will is key to solving this challenge. Our goal is simple – to get millions of refugee children affected by crises back in school, where they belong. The Education Cannot Wait fund has the potential to be a game changer, but only if governments, donors and aid organizations come together to prioritize, support, coordinate and properly fund this mechanism. While $90 million USD have been generously pledged to date, billions more will be needed over the next few years if we are to reach our goal of getting 75 million children affected by crises back to school by 2030. Only then can we meet the Sustainable Development Goals set out by the UN, and ensure that no child in the world is ‘left behind.’ Accountability and transparency will be key to the success of Education Cannot Wait – so too will be ensuring that any money pledged for education in emergencies is new, and not simply taken from aid already earmarked for life-saving services like healthcare and nutrition. In September, world leaders and donors will come together at two key global meetings on the issue of refugees and migrants – this most pressing challenge of our time. We urge those in attendance at the UN high-level meeting and the leader’s summit to prioritize education for children in emergencies and protracted crisis, including those who have been displaced. With the right opportunities and the chance to learn, children like Ali will no longer be pressured to work – giving him and his family the hope they need to rebuild their lives, and potentially their country, if or when it is safe for them to return. To learn about Save the Children’s work to help refugee children, click here. Name changed for protection The End of a School Year that Never Began If your children are like mine, June is filled with excitement for the end of the school year and the prospect of a summer of fun. My daughter just graduated from 8th grade and I remember well the excitement of my older sons when summer rolled around. But for the 3.2 million refugee children around the world who are out of school, they can only dream of being in a classroom. Their school year is not ending, because sadly it never began. Refugee children are five times more likely to be out of school than other children. Over the summer, Save the Children will be pushing hard to ensure that every last refugee child has access to education and is learning. Education sets children up for success, provides hope and opportunities for the future, as well as a sense of stability and normalcy for those who are overcoming traumatic events. It also prepares children with the skills needed to rebuild and help develop their home countries if and when they return. It’s crucial that no refugee child is out of school for more than one month after having had to flee their home in search of safety. While that may seem like a tall order to some, there is no technical or financial reason that the international community cannot come together to make this principle happen. Equally sad, tens of thousands of children around the world, if not more, will likely spend their summer fleeing conflict, be it on foot through the desert, in a rickety boat for hundreds of miles across the Mediterranean or Andaman Sea, or stuffed in the back of a crowded truck by human traffickers. This year alone, nearly 3,000 people have died trying to cross the Mediterranean, and we are hearing reports that 34 people, including 20 children, were found dead in the Sahara desert just last week. In 2015, nearly 400 people died in the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea, not by drowning but because of starvation, disease and abuse by smugglers. 3-year-old Syrian girl Salwa puts her shoes on with the help of her mother before the leaves her tent to go outside and play with her friends. We need to work harder to ensure that children on the move are better protected. Girls and boys who are forced to leave their homes, sometimes separated from their families, are at significant risk of abuse and exploitation. Such long and dangerous journeys also negatively impact children’s physical and mental health. Focusing on education and counseling can make all the difference. Too often refugees are thought of in the abstract. Today, on World Refugee Day, it is critical to remember that refugees are people like you and me. They have had to leave their homes, and everything they know, in search of safety and security. These people are struggling through unthinkable circumstances, and deserve the same rights, protections, and respect as we all expect. I will always remember a visit to the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan a few years ago near the start of the Syrian conflict. When I asked a 15-year-old boy there, one who had been a star student at home in Syria, what his future held, he told me, “I have no future”. It’s not what we should hear from a 15-year-old boy. We need negotiated political solutions to the multiple conflicts forcing families to flee their homes, from Syria to South Sudan. But for the child who is 10 years old yet has never been to school, the dream is simply safety for her family and to attend school. World leaders, aid organizations and private corporations who care about our future can and must do more to make that dream a reality. I Have a Passion to Help These Kids Crystal Chambers Sponsorship Liaison Save the Children U.S. Programs My name is Crystal, and I would love to share with you what it is like to be a Sponsorship Liaison for Save the Children here in the United States. I have been fortunate enough to work for Save the Children for the last seven years. I was hired to be both an in-school and after-school tutor for the literacy programs Save the Children partners with my schools to deliver. Two years ago, when a position opened up with Sponsorship, I stepped into the role of Liaison! As the Sponsorship Liaison for two schools in my community, I can say ‘blessed’ is an accurate way to describe how I feel about my job! When I walk through the school doors, I am always greeted by children eager to see me, and wondering if they received any letters from their sponsors. The joy on their faces is what I look forward to when I start each day. Crystal reading with sponsored children in the school library The children in our schools are in desperate need of love and attention. Many of them have parents that are not around or are in jail, so the responsibility of raising them is passed off to other family members. Sponsorship works with our schools to help fill this gap by having wonderful sponsors write letters to these children, having caring staff members deliver those letters, and helping children to reply. When I meet with children who have letters from their sponsors, they are excited to know that someone cares for them. It makes them feel special to know that someone has taken the time to write. That is why they are so eager to spend time with me! When I sit with them while they write their responses, the kids want to share everything with their sponsors. They are so tickled to know someone is interested in what they have to say! So while their situation at home doesn’t change much, they know they have a friend in me and a sponsor somewhere that is a friend as well. Having Sponsorship care about our community and our children means something to us. It means something to the family members caring for the kids. But the most important thing is that Sponsorship means something very special to the kids we are helping. When I think about Sponsorship and the benefits of having our schools be a part of the program, I know that we are a lucky group of people. I take my job very seriously, and I devote a lot of time to making sure things are done correctly. The kids at the two schools I support are important to me! To give anything less than my all would be taking from the children, and I am not going to deprive them further. I have a passion to help these kids. They are like my own, and I take a lot of pride in that. Being a Sponsorship Liaison is more than just a job or a title. It’s about trying to make a difference in the life of a child. In the end, when everything is said and done, if I have only helped one child then I know I made a difference. I love my job! Rwanda Literacy Boost Team Visits Ethiopia June 8, 2016 • Save the Children Pierre Célestin Rutayisire Book Provision and Use Officer, STC Rwanda Country Office Save the Children in Ethiopia Members of Save the Children in Rwanda and Save the Children in Ethiopia In November, a team of nine staff members from Save the Children Rwanda traveled to visit our colleagues in Ethiopia. The 5 day visit was to share learnings on our early reading program, Literacy Boost, which is currently being implemented in both countries. This program is based on evidence of what works in teaching children to learn to read: a well-trained teacher, plentiful and interesting books to read and a supportive home and community environment. Thanks to Sponsorship funds, the schools and communities we visited in this region of Ethiopia have made remarkable progress in improving learning environments for their children, such as by setting up regular reading activities and distributing books. We were able to visit the reading clubs the team in Ethiopia had helped establish, during which both children and community facilitators showed they were very engaged in the day’s activities. According to Ali, our Sponsorship Regional Manager in Ethiopia, over 90% of all Literacy Boost students met with their Reading Buddies or fellow students they have partnered to read with at least 2-3 times a week for shared reading sessions. Teachers told us that the trainings they have received on the Literacy Boost approach have been very helpful, which give them the opportunity to practice their teaching methods and receive helpful feedback from trained teaching experts. In Literacy Boost, because we believe learning takes place both inside school and out, we work with teachers, parents, community literacy volunteers and youth to create a holistic reading program that sets the stage for a brighter future. Monique from the Rwanda team observing classroom activities We learned that school authorities, community members and government institutions too had been involved in and supportive of Literacy Boost here. Thanks to the strong relationship the Save the Children in Ethiopia team has built with their local partners, the communities and school authorities are very interested in continuing Literacy Boost on their own. Ensuring strong community engagement is very important for Sponsorship programs. Our colleagues in Ethiopia had worked hard to raise awareness on the importance of quality education and the benefits our literacy programs can provide. Through meetings and training sessions, they educated parents and helped them learn how to advocate for their children’s best interests. By promoting these sustainable policies on the larger community level, more girls and boys can gain access to high-quality, age-appropriate learning opportunities. During the trip, we received friendly and warm hospitality from the Ethiopian team. Our many thanks, from Rwanda!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line599
__label__cc	0.635461	0.364539	Proposal: Fiat Lux Redux Passed 13-5. Quorum for.—alethiophile Adminned at 17 Dec 2009 11:07:01 UTC Add a new dynastic rule, entitled “Universe”, as follows: The Universe exists, and is gamestate. The initial state of the Universe consists of all locations, tangible objects, concepts and other subject matters about which an English-language Wikipedia article exists as of 23:59:59 GMT on December 15, 2009 (the â€œReference Timeâ€), as described in English-language Wikipedia at the Reference Time (the “Reference Source”). Changes to the Reference Source after the Reference Time shall be disregarded. For example, if the Reference Source provides that the Cullinan Diamond (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cullinan_Diamond) is located in the Tower of London, in the city of London, in the United Kingdom, in Europe, on Earth, then the same shall be true in the initial state of the Universe; moreover, if the Reference Source provides that the Eiffel Tower is located in Paris, France, then by necessary implication for purposes of the initial state of the Universe the Eiffel Tower is located in Europe and in the Northern Hemisphere, on Earth. If the Reference Source contains two or more contrary or mutually exclusive statements (e.g., “Taiwan is part of China” and “Taiwan is not part of China”), and a determination of which, if any, of those statements correctly describes the initial state of the Universe becomes relevant for Blognomic purposes, then the determination of the Djinni shall be conclusive and binding. Each Adventurer has a “Location” , which is tracked in the GNDT. Locations are limited to real-life (i.e., not fictional or mythical), contemporary (as of the Reference Time) locations on Earth that have their own article in the Reference Source. For example, Independence Hall (United States), Elvis’ Pink Cadillac, and Asia are all legitimate Locations; while Narnia, Heaven and the Holy Roman Empire do not exist as legitimate Locations. If there is any dispute or controversy over whether a purported location is a legitimate Location, the determination of the Djinni shall be conclusive and binding. Within 96 hours after the enactment of the “Fiat Lux Redux” proposal, each Adventurer shall select his initial Location; if he does not do so, then the Djinni shall select that Adventurer’s initial Location. The initial Location of each Adventurer must have a size or area, as specified in the Reference Source, of no more than one thousand square miles (i.e., “North America” is not a permitted initial Location, but “New York City” is.) The state of the Universe, and Locations of Adventurers and other objects or entities may be altered by actions that affect Gamestate: for example, if the Reference Source provides that the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK) is located in France, and spikebrennan’s Location is Paris, France, and a wish is subsequently granted which provides that France shall be contained in a brown paper bag behind a dumpster in Perth, Australia, then for gamestate purposes (unless subsequently changed again), France, the IPK and spikebrennan shall all be in that brown paper bag (and the IPK and spikebrennan would continue to be in France, which in turn is in Perth, Australia); any contrary reference in the Reference Source notwithstanding. posted by spikebrennan at 16 Dec 2009 19:23:59 UTC Comments (26) Klisz: NoOneImportant: Where are we keeping track of all this??? Ornithopter: The change in reference time makes me suspect a scam, but since there aren’t any rules yet, it’s hard to imagine what it could be. Also, if we’re going to go this big with gamestate, I think we really need to be able to wish changes to the ruleset. For instance, someone sinks Asia, and I’m in Asia. If there’s a rule that gives me some kind of penalty for potentially drowning, I should ideally be able to wish that I could breathe underwater to counteract that, which is only possible if I can wish a rule into effect. Of course, that’s not without its dangers. Nausved: It make me nervous that the reference time is so recent. I would feel more comfortable if the reference time were pushed back a week so, to a time before this proposal was likely conceived (and Wikipedia articles potentially altered specifically for this game). If that alteration were made, I’d probably vote in favor. Ienpw III: Per Nausved. spikebrennan: Scout’s honor, I did not vandalize WP in anticipation of this proposal, and didn’t consult with anyone else before the first proposal attempt. MyWP username is also spikebrennan; feel free to check my edit history. Change from 00:00:00 to 23:59:59 was to prevent “midnight” ambiguity, and in this reproposal I moved it back by a second to make it clear that it wasn’t a wikipedia vandalism scam. If a different reference time would be preferable, post a patch. I picked a recent time so that we wouldn’t have to check wikipedia page edit histories every single time- very few pages will have dramatically changed since the reference time. SingularByte: Glad we’re not argueing over when midnight is again. that was a rather crazy moment in my life lol. Actually, you didn’t move it back a second. You moved it ahead 23 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 seconds. Until someone can clarify where these changes will be tracked. Changes could probably just be tracked unofficially on the wiki. alethiophile: I think this is good, but it should a) specifically require changes to the Universe over the Reference Source to be tracked somewhere, and b) make some provision for Wishes to counteract rules (somehow). tecslicer: Is this going to be the most complicated dynasty ever? Stands at 7-4. Scaramouche: Apathetic Lizardman: Qwazukee: Kevan: digibomber: ais523: CoV: Stands at 11-6.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line602
__label__cc	0.674023	0.325977	Knowledge Centre: Comment & Opinion \| The Knowledge Centre All 9 entries tagged Knowledge View all 104 entries tagged Knowledge on Warwick Blogs \| View entries tagged Knowledge at Technorati \| There are no images tagged Knowledge on this blog Fundamental Curiosity: The Dynamic Of The University Writing about web page http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/knowledge/business/gus A Q and A with Professor Tim Jones, Pro Vice-Chancellor: Research (Science and Medicine), Knowledge Transfer and Business Engagement, University of Warwick. What do you think is the most under-hyped, yet significant, change universities in the UK will undergo during the next decade? I don’t know if it’s necessarily under-hyped but I think the private provision of higher education will completely change the dynamic in the future. I think a number of universities will be threatened very significantly. Private provision will expand and will change the way universities have to behave and operate in a very, very significant way. And do you think global providers have an advantage? Almost certainly yes, I mean the US is a classic example, and I think the UK is behind the curve with this certainly compared to some countries. Open-access research: is the UK shooting itself in the foot or are we leading the way? There is no doubt that open access research is a great thing in principle, however I think being first is not necessarily a good thing. So I would argue we are shooting ourselves in the foot because I don’t necessarily see the rest of the world following. I think the UK is going to be in a very difficult position. The University of Warwick is hosting the 2013 Global University Summit in May, which will issue a formal declaration on higher education to the G8. If you could get one commitment from the summit of world leaders, what would that be? It would be to ensure that universities remain establishments of academic research and scholarships and are no skewed too much by the agendas of governments around the world, where economic growth seems to be the raison d’être for the existence of universities. Don’t skew universities too much towards being engines of economic growth; don’t change the dynamic of the way the university operates. Don’t discriminate against intellectual, fundamental, curiosity driven education and research that continues to attract the very very best students and academics, who are free thinkers and are not constrained by government thinking and policy. This blog is part of a regular series on the Knowledge Centre looking at issues in higher education ahead of the Global University Summit (May 28-30 2013), hosted by the University of Warwick in Whitehall, London. As part of the Summit, a declaration of commitment and policy recommendations will be drawn up for the G8 summit of world leaders, taking place in Northern Ireland in June. Image: Auguste Rodin's Le Penseur (The Thinker). Source: (Flickr). As Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Knowledge Transfer and Business Engagement, Professor Tim Jones has responsibility for development of the University of Warwick’s knowledge transfer and business engagement strategy to support the University’s research and teaching ambitions through corporate level regional, national and international relationships with business partners. He also works with the Registrar and Chief Operating Officer to maximise the impact of the University HEIF allocations and lead engagements with relevant external bodies.He also has responsibility for the University’s Science research strategy, including the development of research opportunities and collaborations both nationally and internationally and the raising of research income, publications and citation scores in the Faculty of Science. Gareth Jenkins : 21 May 2013 16:09 \| Tags: Business Chancellor Engagement Global Gus Jones Knowledge Medicine Pro Professor Research Science Summit Tim Transfer University Vice \| Comments (0) \| Close comments \| Report a problem What is in an acronym? WIDS 2012 Writing about web page http://www.wids.org.uk/index.php/ Haitian workers move cooking oil supplied by United Stated Agency for International Development (USAID) at a distribution centre at Port-Au-Prince international airport. Image c/o Wikicommons. Higher education is full of acronyms – from HEFCE and BIS at the government/funding end through to the likes of ‘WBL’ and UWWO that students at the University of Warwick might come across during their time on campus. Sometimes, once the acronym is spelled out, the purpose of the phrase or organisation is self-evident (WBL is work-based learning and UWWO is the University of Warwick Wind Orchestra if you haven’t already googled the terms). But over the past month there’s one acronym that keeps popping up at Warwick that I’ve struggled to get my head around. It’s ‘WIDS’ – the Warwick International Development Society. It’s not because the group’s badly named or that I’ve not come international development before, it’s just that the acronym and name cannot fully sum up all of the ideas and work that WIDS embraces. It’s a failing of the English language rather than a poor choice of name. WIDS is the student society equivalent of ‘Espirit d'escalier’1 or ‘Tatemae and honne’2. Sadly, the English language lacks a succinct term that fully sums up the work, aspirations and feelings involved in WIDS. Think about it, what comes to mind when you say ‘international development’? Is it a mixture of: Community-based development Self-sustainability WIDS as a society covers all this but it does so much more. It: Runs a weekend-long development summit each November (the Warwick International Development Summit) Produces two publications each year around the summit and the views of those who are speaking Produces a regular podcast series to discuss the ideas being debated within WIDS and bringing the conversation to a wider audience. Provides an internship placement, sponsored by the University of Warwick Department of Economics, for a student at the University. This year’s placement is with the International Rice Research Institute in Los Baños, Philippines. Thinks outside the box and seeks to challenge existing norms in the field of development and present daring alternatives in the process. The upcoming summit, taking place this weekend, is promoted as providing “an intellectual platform to discuss and present original means of tackling these diverse issues. [WIDS] strives to involve a range of speakers from varying backgrounds and distinct perspectives, as well as engage students from across the globe to form a truly international summit”. If you take a look at the WIDS website, you can see that this year’s summit is clearly aiming high on the guest speaker front. Jeffrey Sachs, Director of the Earth Institute (left), Columbia University and Special Advisor to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, will be speaking to the summit via video conference. Professor Sachs, who is also co-founder and Chief Strategist of Millennium Promise Alliance, is one of the world’s leading economists and has been named as one of Time Magazine's "100 Most Influential People in the World" twice. Amongst the many people who work closely with Professor Sachs is U2 frontman Bono. Speaking of Sachs, the singer said “In time, his autograph will be worth a lot more than mine.” Other speakers at WIDS 2012 include the head of the World Bank Group, Mahmoud Mohieldin (left); Meghnad Desai, Emeritus Professor of Economics, London School of Economics and Labour Peer in the House of Lords; and Professor Alan Winters of the University of Sussex. The full list of speakers is on the WIDS website. The variety of those presenting talks this weekend speaks very highly of the students involved in WIDS and their ability to both approach interesting speakers and convince them to give up their time in the hope of finding new answers to some very old questions. Bengali famine 1943. Image c/o Wikicommons. I’ll be attending the conference, running from Friday evening (16 November) to Sunday (18 November). Hopefully I’ll see you there but, if not, I’ll be producing an overview for the Knowledge Centre to accompany some audio-visual content from the Summit later this month. 1 Espirit d'escalier is a French phrase for the moment when you come up with the perfect verbal comeback but too late for it to be of any use. 2 Honne and tatemae are Japanese words for ‘what you choose to believe/publically display’ and ‘what you actually believe’ respectively. Gareth Jenkins : 13 Nov 2012 12:07 \| Tags: Centre Conference Economics Knowledge Society Students Summit Union Warwick Wids \| Comments (0) \| Close comments \| Report a problem Lions, and tigers, and bears! Oh, my! Writing about web page http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/knowledge/about/people/garethjenkins If I only had the nerve: (L-R) Jack Haley, Ray Bolger, Judy Garland and Bert Lahr (Image c/o Wikimedia Commons) Have you ever taken part in an ice breaking exercise where you put a few facts about yourself in a hat, leaving your name off so you remain anonymous, and your colleagues take turns picking out the pieces of paper and before guessing who’s who? It’s more fun than it sounds and I’ve got more than my fair share of personal facts to drop in the hat. I’ve lived opposite a tiger (called Mike), I played the cowardly lion in a production of the Wizard of Oz at the Belgrade Theatre Coventry and I’ve been called upon by MTV to be an expert interviewee on al-Qaeda. They’re all true. One of those items would be enough of an anecdote to get you through a party but I seem to collect stories like other people collect wine. I did a reasonable Bert Lahr impression and survived the tiger encounter (although it’s much less exciting when you know it was in a cage). Unfortunately, my knowledge of Middle Eastern politics is limited and is gained from Channel 4 News and The Observer. It turns out there’s another Gareth Jenkins and he’s also a journalist. He’s an expert on Middle Eastern politics and terrorism and, for obvious reasons, he tends to keep a low profile. Me? I’ve spent my career working with blue chip companies or interviewing celebrities about their favourite cheeses. I also like social media and the web and have a very snazzy website that anyone can find to contact me – including MTV. It took some time to convince the TV researcher that I wasn’t the Gareth Jenkins she was looking for (it’s surprising difficult to demonstrate that you’re not an expert in a field, especially if the real expert is purposefully keeping a low profile). Oh, and in case you’re wondering, I’m also not the former head coach of the Welsh rugby team either. Whilst the other Gareth Jenkins’ seemingly have exciting, international lives, I’m reasonably satisfied with mine and where I now find myself. I love writing, I’d say it’s my area of expertise, and it’s great to be working with academics who are just as passionate about the field they’re proficient in. Hopefully, in my time as the Knowledge Centre’s online writer I’ll write something eye catching so I’ll be able to say ‘Yes, I’m that Gareth Jenkins’ when MTV phones up again. Gareth Jenkins : 06 Nov 2012 09:49 \| Tags: Centre Gareth Jenkins Knowledge Online Writer \| Comments (0) \| Close comments \| Report a problem Hello From the New Online Writer Writing about web page warwick.ac.uk/knowledge Hello! I’m Francesca Tenenbaum, and I’m one of the new Online Writers for The Knowledge Centre. I’m a Warwick graduate, and read Modern Languages and Literature here a couple of years ago. Clearly, I loved campus life so much that I just couldn’t stay away. My first week here may have just come to a close, but in a few days I have interviewed the deputy-manager of the IMF, Dr Nemat Shafik, Dr Saskia Sassen from the university of Columbia, learnt what polymer technology is, and begun to write about current University research into the uses of Cloud technology for local SMEs. Oh, and written about the Asian Financial Crisis. No big deal. Even though I’ve worked as a writer for a few years already, working for the Knowledge Centre, at least if my first week is anything to go by, is going to be an incredible way to broaden my experience, and bridge the gap (for an old school Humanities student like me) between my own interests and all of the other incredible research that takes place here at Warwick. I’m really looking forward to researching and writing features about my own areas of academic interest (in particular: anything Shakespeare-related or anything about Italian literature and culture) but also broadening my own insights into everything that is happening here at the University. And, of course, bringing that content to the Knowledge Centre’s readers. : 03 Aug 2012 10:53 \| Tags: Centre Graduate Knowledge Writing \| Comments (1) \| Close comments \| Report a problem A break from themes… Writing about web page http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/knowledge/ With another successful graduation behind us, and the summer in full swing, we wanted to let you know about a few changes that we’re making to the Knowledge Centre this month. Over the past six months the Knowledge Centre team has been delving into current research happening around the University, and publishing content grouped into fortnightly themes. We’ve looked at a diverse range of subjects from Security and Terrorism to Global Powers and Knowledge Exchange (if you’d like a complete rundown, you’ll find everything under the Themes tab at the top of the home page). The aim has been to build some handy learning resources for you, as well as to entertain and to keep you up-to-date with news at Warwick. We’ll be keeping the themed content exactly where it is, so you can come back to it whenever you like, but for the remainder of the summer we’re taking a break from themes and taking a broader look at Warwick’s research activity, with the aim of covering even more departments and making even more links across the University. As ever, we’d love your feedback on the site, so do let us know which themes you’ve enjoyed or what sorts of subjects/departments you’d like us to cover in the future (you can email us at knowledge@warwick.ac.uk, tweet us @WarwicKnowledgeor leave a comment below). And if you’d like to write an article for us, we’d love to hear from you. Getting your work published on the Knowledge Centre website is a great way of showcasing your research and encouraging debate. We hope you that you’ll check back next week to see our new content, and enjoy discovering some of the diverse projects that are currently underway at Warwick. : 04 Aug 2011 14:34 \| Tags: #Warwicknowledge Community Feedback Knowledge Themes \| Comments (0) \| Close comments \| Report a problem Virtual Futures 2.0’11 Around 1994, an extraordinary collection of people from the philosophy and literature departments at the University of Warwick began asking questions about technology. They were interested in the impact of emerging technologies on the human body and the idea of the obsolescence of culture brought about by the rapid growth of ‘cyberspace’. These ideas found their way into a series of cult CyberConferences called Virtual Futures, held annually at the University between 1994 and 1996. At the time, many people were sceptical that cyberspace existed at all; Virtual Futures aimed to shatter these misconceptions with a combination of hardcore academic analysis and highly theatrical performance. Significantly, these events coincided with the emergence of the internet and cyberculture. Over its three-year existence, Virtual Futures ventured into territories such as chaos theory, geopolitics, feminism, nanotechnology, cyberpunk fiction, machine music, net security, military strategy, plastic surgery, hacking, bio-computation, cognition, cryptography and capitalism. In 1995 alone the conference attracted many cutting-edge artists and philosophers including Stelarc, Hakim Bey, Manuel De Landa and Orlan. This weekend, Virtual Futures returns to the University under the banner Virtual Futures 2.0’11. The event has been organised by digital media artist, and current Warwick student, Luke Robert Mason, and the Knowledge Centre will be on hand to meet attendees, video the talks and interview the speakers With the return of some of the original guests, plus some new leaders in the fields of VR, bio-enhancement and the ethics of emerging technologies, Virtual Futures 2.0’11 aims to provoke debate around technology and its impact on culture. It’s also the perfect opportunity to step back and consider the internet’s extraordinary trajectory since 1994. As Dr Dan O’Hara - who was one of the original organisers - has remarked, Virtual Futures was put together in ‘almost a punk spirit… but punk married with technology’. Performance artist Stelarc - whose interests lie in the post-evolutionary architecture of the body - will be returning as the keynote speaker. Exploring a world in which ‘death now means to be disconnected from technology’, Stelarc has visually probed and acoustically amplified his body. He is surgically constructing an EAR ON ARM (2006-2011) that will be internet enabled, making it a publicly accessible acoustical organ for people in other places. Other speakers include science-fiction author Pat Cadigan; ‘living technology’ expert Dr Diane Gromala; Director of the Creative Futures Research Centre at the University of the West of Scotland, Professor Andy Miah; Senior TED Fellow Dr Rachel Armstrong and cybernetics expert Professor Kevin Warwick. Dr O’Hara also returns to provide some essential historical context. You can catch Luke Robert Mason and Dr Armstrong talking about Virtual Futures on Click Radio; please also join us on the Knowledge Centre next week for videos, interviews and post-event analysis. We’d love to hear your views! : 16 Jun 2011 11:18 \| Tags: #Warwicknowledge Knowledge Technology Virtual \| Comments (0) \| Close comments \| Report a problem We've made a few changes… Writing about web page http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/knowledge The keen-eyed among you may have noticed some changes to the Knowledge Centre over the last couple of days. Since the beginning of February we have been organising our content based on two or three week themes, all centred around a particular topic or issue. This differed from our previous organisation of articles by five key subject areas: Business and Economics, Culture and Society, Health and Medicine, Engineering and Technology and Science and Maths. To reflect this shift in organisation we have been working on a new navigation for the Knowledge Centre, which you can now see live on the site. Below is a description of some of the changes to help you find your way around! Themes: Our new themes section brings together all of the content that has been published under past themes in one place. From the overview page you can click on the button images to be taken to the individual section relating to a theme. We hope that this will make browsing the site easier and more accessible for all. Subject Areas: Although a large amount of our content is organised by theme, we do still publish content based in the five key subject areas and a lot of our articles still fall under these headings. The new Subject Areas page brings together the five headings and leads you to a new page relating to each subject. Science and Maths From these pages you can access all of our past content and find links to upcoming events. Learning Resources: This is a brand new section on the Knowledge Centre, aiming to showcase some of the Learning Resources on offer to all. In this section we will be featuring podcasts, advice on careers and links to further study opportunities. As well as this, we have a subpage identifying opportunities for professional development which will be updated regularly. The Blog: Our Knowledge Centre Team blog will become a central feature of the site, with various members of the team updating it regularly to keep you up to date with the latest news on research and expertise at the University. About the Knowledge Centre: We have updated our ‘About’ section to reflect new developments on the Knowledge Centre and provide more ways for you to Contact us and tell us what you think! We hope that all of the above changes will make it easier for you to identify and enjoy content related directly to you, and also open up opportunities for you to find out more about other subjects. We’d love to hear your feedback, on the new navigation or just about the Knowledge Centre in general. Fill out our feedback form, email us, find us on Twitter or share your thoughts on Facebook! : 02 Jun 2011 09:59 \| Tags: #Warwicknowledge Knowledge \| Comments (2) \| Close comments \| Report a problem Our Email Feedback As you may know, here at the Knowledge Centre we send out a weekly email newsletter with all of the latest Warwick knowledge delivered straight to your inbox. The emails include the latest articles, details of any live events and a sneak peek at what we have coming up on the site but we’d love your feedback to help us improve the way we keep you informed! We’ve sent out a short survey in the last couple of days, asking for your comments and we’ve had a great response so far. It has been really interesting to read your thoughts and opinions and we will use your feedback to improve the way we do things. Here are just a few comments we’ve had so far and we are always looking for more! Let us know if you agree or not by leaving a comment or by completing our survey yourself. And if you’ve got any other feedback on the Knowledge Centre, we would love to hear that too. ‘In an internet overflowing with headlines and sound bites, I relish substantive discussion of interesting topics’. ‘One or two have been very relevant and others not at all but I deliberately wanted to see a range of stuff outside my sector to stimulate thinking! So I like it as it is’. ‘I like to see the variety of content on offer, I wouldn't want something more personalised to me in terms of suggesting what content I would be interested in based on previous engagement - I am interested in a wide range of content, all I need is a catchy title and perhaps an image to draw me in, would worry that serendipity would be lost if it was personalised!’. ‘The Knowledge Centre throws up some interesting stuff for work (Science) and personal (Culture/literature) use’. ‘There's a lot [of content] to fit in - which is fine by me, but does mean it has to be 'busy'’. ‘The layout is ok on a screen, but quite hard to read on my blackberry’. ‘I prefer the content that I can use in my daily life e.g. links to management theory or economics. Content about e.g. social science or more theoretical subjects is less relevant’. ‘Once I identify the email as being your weekly update, I open it without considering the subject line’. What do you think? If you haven’t already, please take a couple of minutes to fill in the survey. We will put it all together, take a good look and see what we can do in response to what you all say. If you are not already signed up to our weekly emails, you can do so here. Sean Howitt : 26 May 2011 10:29 \| Tags: Email Feedback Knowledge \| Comments (0) \| Close comments \| Report a problem Alumni Knowledge Exchange Writing about web page http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/knowledge/alumniday/ Once you graduate, the learning doesn't stop - Alumni Knowledge Exchange day is an opportunity for Warwick graduates, along with their friends and family, to return to campus for a programme of exciting and interactive talks, discussions, workshops and entertainment. This event will share and discuss world-class thinking from the University and our wider community. The event takes place this Saturday 21st May, and the Knowledge Centre team will be there to meet attendees, to video many of the talks and to interview some of the speakers. If you plan on coming along, we’d love to hear what you think of it. The event takes the form of talks, workshops and panel discussions. ‘You, Your University, Your World’ is a series of 45-minute discussions that tackle global topics. The panellists comprise leading academics from the University, business leaders and alumni, such as Rob Grimshaw (FT.com’s Managing Director) who is at the cutting-edge of the debate about internet paywalls, and Jon Teckman, former Chief Executive of the British Film Institute (BFI). The themes under discussion include: Wellbeing at Work Building Success Beyond Recession Can We Be Green And Profitable? How Can the Arts Improve Our Lives? Meanwhile, the alumni speakers series features presentations from a diverse range of Warwick graduates, all of them leading voices in their professions. Immerse yourself in talks by (among others) Heather Brooke: an award-winning writer, journalist and activist whose work led to the exposure of MPs’ expenses; Jo Hemmings: a behavioural psychologist who specialises in celebrity behaviour; and Sarah Haywood: a respected wedding designer, coordinator and media spokesperson on bridal matters. There will also be a panel featuring various Warwick alumni working in children's literature, including Helen Thomas: Fiction Editor at Scholastic Children’s Books. If you're coming to the Alumni Knowledge Exchange on Saturday, let us know! Look out for the Knowledge Centre team in Warwick Arts Centre and we look forward to talking to you! Eleanor Lovell : 18 May 2011 12:00 \| Tags: Alumni Knowledge Reunion \| Comments (0) \| Close comments \| Report a problem @warwicknowledge This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial NoDerivs 2.5 License.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line603
__label__wiki	0.815933	0.815933	Brews and Booze Fitness/Outdoor Recreation Subscribe to Newsfeed Old hostel gets residential upgrade Burl Rolett January 14, 2015 0 A former hostel in Five Points is being revamped into apartments. Photos by Burl Rolett. The rooms at the Melbourne Hostel in Five Points are about to get nicer. A lot nicer. Local developer Amin Suliaman has waited five years to buy the property at 607 22nd St. that until it closed, rented dorm beds for as little as $16.50 a night. Sheets were an extra $3. “We worked on a deal for a while with the original owner, but back then the area was really rough, so it didn’t underwrite,” he said. “For the price point they were looking for, it just didn’t make sense.” A half-decade later – and with apartments, townhomes and businesses sprouting up all over Five Points – Suliaman’s company, The Loft Brokers, is investing $2.8 million to renovate the current Melbourne Hostel building. The property will be converted into nine apartments with commercial space on the ground floor that Suliaman is pitching to restaurants and a yoga studio. The Denver-based development firm bought the 108-year-old white brick building last month for $1.8 million and plans on spending another $1 million on renovations that have already begun. Suliaman plans to open the renovated Melbourne Hostel around Memorial Day. The apartments will be a mix of one-bedroom units and studios. Each room will have its own iPad and iPhone charging stations, Suliaman said, and the building will share a small dog park, an off-street parking lot and a small fitness center. Construction has started to gut and renovate the interior of the building. Suliaman said he doesn’t have target rental rates worked out yet for the apartments, but expects they will debut slightly below the average market rate for the Five Points neighborhood. He expects the first-floor commercial space will be ready about the same time as the apartments. Right now, Suliaman said he is working with a couple of different suitors for the planned restaurant space. The property may also hold a small, upscale retail liquor store in addition to the restaurant and yoga studio. “We’re a residential builder first, but we believe that you can’t keep throwing up addresses without providing that group other services,” he said. “With this part project, we knew we needed to do something that would keep people there.” The Melbourne Hostel will be at least the third adaptive reuse project for The Loft Brokers in Denver. The company also renovated a building at 1045 Lincoln St. into office space and turned a former Star Sam grocery store at 33rd Avenue and Williams Street into six condos. The Loft Brokers are financing the Melbourne renovations with a loan from Centennial Bank. Paul Pushnik is the building’s architect and RM Commercial is the general contractor. Real estate investor Kenneth Ware also has an ownership stake in the project. One key piece of the project is still up in the air – what to call it. The working title, at least on the company’s website, is “The Rail.” Suliaman said he was leery that a Google search of Melbourne in Denver might turn up bad reviews from the hostel that previously sat there. But more recently Suliaman said he has warmed to finding a way to hold on to the Melbourne name. “We had determined we weren’t going to tie anything back to the Melbourne because its online presence is a little rough,” he said. “We are going to kind of weigh the options of rebranding the Melbourne with the history behind it. I would hate to lose that. I would hate to throw that away.” POSTED IN Commercial Real Estate, Featured, News About the Author: Burl Rolett Burl Rolett was a BusinessDen reporter who covered commercial real estate and the business of sports until 2017. He is a graduate of Washington and Lee University. Email him at [email protected]. © 2019 BusinessDen - All Rights Reserved	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line609
__label__cc	0.600228	0.399772	Free Books / Travel / Concise Gazetteer Of The World / This section is from the book "Chambers's Concise Gazetteer Of The World", by David Patrick. Also available from Amazon: Chambers's Concise Gazetteer Of The World. Nice, or NicAea, a city of ancient Bithynia, in Asia Minor, situated on the eastern shore of Lake Ascania. The First and Seventh Ecumenical Councils were held here in 325 and 787 a.d. Nice (Neece; Ital. Nizza), chief town of the French dep. of Alpes Maritimes, stands on a beautiful well-sheltered site on the coast, 140 miles E. by N. of Marseilles and 110 SW. of Genoa. On the north of the city the hills rise in terraces and shield it from the cold winds; on the south it faces the sea, which tempers the heat in summer. Owing to the advantages of its situation, Nice has for many years been celebrated as a winter-resort for invalids, the number of visitors ranging between 15,000 and 45,000. The mean temperature of winter is 49° F., of summer 72°. Pop. (1872) 42,363 ; (1901) 98,865. The New Town on the west is the part frequented by foreigners, particularly English (whence its name of ' English town'). Beautiful promenades stretch along the seashore, and are overlooked by villas and hotels. Numerous bridges across the little river Paglione (Paillon) connect the New Town with the Old or Upper Town. This part, with narrow streets, clusters at the foot of a rocky height, the Castle Hill; on the other (east) side of this hill is the harbour, which was enlarged to twice its original size in 1889, and deepened to 25 feet. The Castle Hill is an isolated mass of limestone 318 feet high, crowned by a ruined castle, and laid out in public gardens. The chief public buildings are the cathedral, the Gothic church of Notre Dame, the natural history museum, art gallery, library, observatory, casino, etc. The people manufacture artistic pottery, perfumery, and macaroni, grow flowers and southern fruits, the last of which they preserve, and produce inlaid work in olive-wood. The chief export is olive-oil. The ancient Ligurian town of NicAea, founded by a colony of PhocAeans from Massalia (Marseilles), became subject to Rome in the 2d century b.c. It was in the hands of the Saracens in the 10th century. In 1543 it was pillaged by the Turks. From 1600 onwards it was repeatedly taken by the French ; they held it from 1792 to 1814 ; and in 1860 it was ceded to France by Sardinia (Savoy). Mas-sena was born near the city, and Garibaldi in it. prev: Nicaragua next: Niger	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line614
__label__cc	0.572704	0.427296	Vietcong Were Closing In. He Was Trapped . . . The Vietcong were closing in. He was trapped and thought he was about to die. In desperation, he cried out to God. Then it happened... When he landed in the war-torn jungles of Vietnam in 1968, 18-year-old Paul Tribus was a machine gunner with the 26th Marines. He remembers his first day like it was yesterday. "I was literally scared to death thinking I'm going to die. When I saw the first man killed, I knew I would never forget it." The first night we were hit pretty hard, and I thought, 'if I have to go through 394 more days of this, I will never make it.'" During his first 30 days in Vietnam, his squad was involved in firefights three to four times a day. In the midst of all the chaos and tragedy, something happened to Tribus. It all started with a tract named HOLY JOE. "I remember sitting by some sandbags or some duffel bags waiting for a truck to pick me up and all of a sudden I looked down and this HOLY JOE tract was there, so I picked it up, read it. It was a testimony and it explained the plan of salvation. I never heard of salvation before. "I think it was about 2 or 3 days later when I found myself overrun by a bunch of Vietcong and they were coming up the hill and we were getting shot and there's mortars and there's tracer rounds going all over." Tribus cried out to God. "God, I am not ready. I am not ready to die. Whatever that tract says, whatever Holy Joe had, I need. I need to make a commitment. "I felt something happen to me there. I'm not saying that I had this great flash of light or anything, but I felt something happen that changed my whole life." Paul served his country well. He risked his life to save fellow soldiers who were wounded. Later, he was awarded, not one, but two purple hearts. After returning home, Tribus attended Bible College and today, over thirty years later, he is still in the ministry, serving God as the pastor of Rock Church in Newport News, Virginia. This testimony graphically illustrates the fact that you never know how God will use the Chick tracts you leave behind or give to people. Just think...when a former Christian soldier gets to heaven, he will learn that he is responsible for this thrilling testimony. How excited he will be to learn how God used the HOLY JOE tract he dropped by a sandbag. Christian friend, we get testimonies like this all the time. And quite often, the soul winner who gave out the tract has never heard the exciting results. But in heaven, countless Chick tract users will hear exciting stories of how God used their tracts. So be encouraged. Chick tracts still GET READ... and they still get results. But you might have to wait until you get to heaven to hear those results. "Eight years ago I accepted Jesus Christ as my Savior and Lord after reading a Chick tract that I FOUND." "I FOUND a Chick tract in the restroom at school when I was in high school. I was saved from reading that tract." "I was lost until I FOUND one of your Chick tracts on the ground in a dead-end alley." "I FOUND a copy of THIS WAS YOUR LIFE in a phone booth one day and shortly thereafter I accepted the Lord as my Savior." "Two teenage boys told me their friend's mother FOUND a Chick tract and she got saved." "I got saved by reading THIS WAS YOUR LIFE." "When I was 14, I went out to our mailbox to get the mail and I FOUND a SOMEBODY GOOFED. I picked it up, took it to my bedroom, read it and got saved." "I have received Jesus Christ. I FOUND one of the Chick tracts before I came to the Lord and it touched me right in the heart." See lots of great witnessing ideas! Do Tracts Work? Christian T-Shirts Work Where Tracts Restricted Sociologist Develops Gospel Saturation Plan Soul Winners Not Welcome in World Religions Organizations Britain Moving Toward Outlawing Hate Speech	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line615
__label__wiki	0.501745	0.501745	Population Control Movement Posted by David H Lukenbill in Uncategorized In this review of a new book about the movement, it is apparent that denying their inherent dignity and respecting human beings own capacity to determine their family future by turning those decisions over to government, causes great and horrible damage; continuing today with the support of many public leaders who claim to be practicing Catholics while disregarding a major doctrine of the Church. An excerpt from the review. “When historians study hubris, they usually tell stories about the dazzling, cruel, or ill-fated exploits of specific people—presidents, dictators, revolutionaries. In Fatal Misconception, Matthew Connelly, an associate professor of history at Columbia University, looks instead at an idea: controlling human reproduction. Bold in its claims and wildly arrogant in its approach, the international population control movement of the 20th century provides a stark example of the harms that can occur in the name of benevolence. As Connelly describes in this meticulously researched and well-argued study. “Scientists and activists organized across borders to press for common norms of reproductive behavior. International and nongovernmental organizations spearheaded a worldwide campaign to reduce fertility. Together they created a new kind of global governance, in which proponents tried to control the population of the world without having to answer to anyone in particular.” “As Connelly tells it, the population control movement faced the perverse challenge of trying to reverse an extraordinary human achievement: “In the last century, humanity has experienced more than twice as great a gain in longevity as in the previous two thousand centuries, and more than four times the growth in population.” But with rapid growth in population came fears of social disruption and food scarcity. The “misery and the fear of misery” caused by overpopulation that mathematician Thomas Malthus first described in 1798 remained a constant concern in Europe and the U.S. During the late 19th century, these anxieties fueled the drive to categorize and make systematic a world that seemed out of control; among the most popular ways of doing this was dividing the world up into different ethnic or racial groups, some deemed more favorable than others. In the United States, fears of “race suicide,” an influx of immigrants from Asia and Southern and Eastern Europe, and concerns about the growth of the so-called feebleminded population at home led to the embrace of eugenics, the movement to improve the human race through better breeding practices.” Centrality of the Liturgy Since becoming Catholic I have understood this on an intellectual level, but I did not begin to understand it on an spiritual level until I began attending daily mass; and this article from Pope Benedict, which is serving as the introduction to the first volume in the multi-volume edition of his writings, is a focus on that. “Ever since my childhood, the Church’s liturgy has been the central activity of my life, and it also became, under the theological instruction of masters like Schmaus, Söhngen, Pascher, and Guardini, the center of my theological work. I chose fundamental theology as my specific topic, because I wanted above all to go to the heart of the question: why do we believe? But right from the beginning, this question included the other one about the proper response to to God, and therefore also the question about the divine service. It is on this basis that my work on the liturgy must be understood. I was not interested in the specific problems of liturgical study, but in the anchoring of the liturgy in the fundamental act of our faith, and therefore also its place in our entire human existence. “This volume now collects all of my short and medium-length work in which over the years, on various occasions and from different perspectives, I have expressed positions on liturgical questions. After all of the contributions that came into being in this way, I was finally prompted to present a vision of the whole, which appeared in the jubilee year 2000 under the title “The Spirit of the Liturgy.” This constitutes the central text of the book. “Unfortunately, almost all of the reviews of this have been directed at a single chapter: “The altar and the direction of liturgical prayer.” Readers of these reviews must have received the impression that the entire work dealt only with the orientation of the celebration, and that its contents could be reduced to the desire to reintroduce the celebration of the Mass “with [the priest’s] back turned to the people.” In consideration of this misrepresentation, I thought for a moment about eliminating the chapter (just nine pages out of two hundred) in order to bring the discussion back to the real issue that interested me, and continues to interest me, in the book. It would have been much easier to do this because in the meantime, two excellent works had been published in which the question of the orientation of prayer in the Church during the first millennium is clarified in a persuasive manner. I think first of all of the important, brief book by Uwe Michael Lang “Turning Towards the Lord: Orientation in Liturgical Prayer” (Ignatius Press, San Francisco, 2004), and in a special way of the tremendous contribution by Stefan Heid, “Atteggiamento ed orientamento della preghiera nella prima epoca cristiana [Attitude and orientation of prayer in the early Christian era]” (in “Rivista d’Archeologia Cristiana” 72, 2006), in which the sources and bibliography on this question have been extensively illustrated and updated. “The result is entirely clear: the idea that the priest and people should look at each other in prayer emerged only in modern Christianity, and is completely foreign to ancient Christianity. Priest and people certainly do not pray to each other, but to the same Lord. So in prayer, they look in the same direction: either toward the East as the cosmic symbol of the Lord who is to come, or, where this is not possible, toward an image of Christ in the apse, toward a cross, or simply toward the sky, as the Lord did in his priestly prayer the evening before his Passion (John 17:1). Fortunately, the proposal that I made at the end of the chapter in question in my book is making headway: not to proceed with new transformations, but simply to place the cross at the center of the altar, so that both priest and faithful can look at it, in order to allow themselves to be drawn toward the Lord to whom all are praying together.” The Magisterium When I was going through the Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults (RCIA) process I was taught many things, by either the handouts, the various speakers, or my sponsor, that were—as I later discovered while doing my own research—were somewhat shaky as far as the teaching of the Church was concerned. This is and will continue to be a problem for many Catholics for all time, but becoming familiar with what the Magisterium—the Church’s teaching authority—says is crucial to living life as a practicing Catholic; primarily because so many Catholics who proclaim to be acting within the Magisterium when pronouncing their views, are not. The single best source is the Catechism of the Catholic Church, the online version from the Vatican. Here is an excerpt from an article about the Magisterium by Thomas Storck. “The crisis that has afflicted the Catholic Church since the middle of the 1960s has been a crisis of both faith and morals, that is, a crisis that has made many Catholics no longer know what to believe or what kind of conduct God expects of us. What is needed as a remedy for this is a firm standard, a reliable guide or teacher who can tell us both what we must believe and what we must do. And, of course, in Christ’s true Church we do have such a reliable standard and guide. But even Catholics of good will can sometimes be confused about exactly which voices within the Church they are to follow. “In the past the average Catholic could depend on the word of his parish priest if he had any doubts about correct Catholic belief or conduct, or even on the example of the many good Catholics about him. But today one can no longer trust everything that is said by just any priest or theologian, and our fellow parishioners are likely to be totally confused about what the Church proclaims to have been revealed by God. And so it behooves us to understand a word and concept that is apt to be unfamiliar or confusing. This word is Magisterium. Now the Latin word magisterium originally meant the duty or office of a teacher, tutor, master, etc. And in the case of the Church it means simply the teaching authority or office of the Church. The Magisterium is the teaching office of the Church, accomplished by the Holy Father and the bishops teaching in union with him. “The rule of what we must believe as Catholics was defined by the First Vatican Council (1870) thus: “. . . Further, all those things are to be believed with divine and Catholic faith which are contained in the Word of God, written or handed down, and which the Church, either by a solemn judgment or by her ordinary and universal teaching [magisterium], proposes for belief as having been divinely revealed.” “This quotation brings up several points that must be explained. In the first place, the decree speaks of the “Word of God, written or handed down,” that is, recorded either in Sacred Scripture or in Sacred Tradition. Now at first it might seem as if Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition are two separate sources of divine revelation. But the Second Vatican Council explained that in fact, “Sacred Tradition and Sacred Scripture make up a single sacred deposit of the Word of God, which is entrusted to the Church.” In other words, the truths which God has revealed to his Church come to us through two modes, but they constitute one body of truth, the Word of God. “Therefore the Protestant practice of equating the Word of God with only the written Bible is an error. Moreover, as should be obvious from a little reflection and historical knowledge, Sacred Scripture is itself a product of the Church’s thought and activity, and in this sense a product of Sacred Tradition. This is true even though Scripture has God for its author and is itself a mode of revelation, for the human authors of the New Testament wrote from within the Church and took for granted the Church’s teaching and worship as they wrote. “The second point raised by the statement from the First Vatican Council is the distinction between the Church’s extraordinary Magisterium and her ordinary and universal Magisterium, that is between what is taught “by a solemn judgment or by her ordinary and universal teaching.” Thus the Magisterium operates via two methods. The solemn or extraordinary Magisterium is seen in solemn definitions either by a pope, as for example, the definition of the dogma of the Assumption of Mary into Heaven in 1950, or by one of the Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church ratified by the pope, as the definitions made by the Council of Trent (1545-1563) to reaffirm the Catholic faith against the Protestants or the definition of papal infallibility by the First Vatican Council in 1870. “The ordinary and universal Magisterium, on the other hand, is the ordinary teaching of the Church, accomplished via papal pronouncements, statements of bishops, catechisms, homilies, etc. This is not to say that everything that any pope, bishop or priest has ever said on any occasion is part of the ordinary and universal Magisterium, but that it is via such means that this teaching is generally made known to the faithful. Note that the First Vatican Council speaks of it as both “ordinary and universal.” “Ordinary” means that it is accomplished via the ordinary means of teaching that the Church uses, but “universal” means that it is taught by the entire body of bishops, and usually over a period of time. For generally when a doctrine has been taught as authoritative over time and by many popes and bishops, this indicates that it is a teaching of the ordinary and universal Magisterium and must be received and believed as faithfully as teaching that is solemnly defined by pope or council.” (italics in original) Abortion, No Small Murders This is the central issue in the social teaching of the Church; the one that has forever been considered the gravest of sins, and though there is a continual urge by many Catholics, either from a lack of knowledge or design, to reduce it in importance or conflate it with other social teaching issues, it remains alone in its paramount importance. Cardinal Ratzinger, before becoming Pope Benedict XVI wrote about this. Here is an excerpt. “One widespread section of public position in the educated bourgeoisie may find it exaggerated and inopportune–indeed, downright distasteful–that we continue to remind them that the problem of respect for a life that has been conceived and is not yet born is a decisive question. “In the last fifteen years, almost all Western countries have legalized abortion, to the accompaniment of lacerating debates; ought we not today to consider the problem settled and avoid brushing the dust off antagonistic ideological positions that have been made obsolete by the course of events? “Why not accept that we have lost the battle and choose instead to dedicate our energies to initiatives that can hope to find support in a broader social consensus? “Indeed, if we remain on the superficial level, we could be convinced that the legal approval of abortion has not really changed much in our private lives and in the life of our societies; basically, everything seems to be going on as before. “Everyone can act in accordance with his conscience: a woman who does not want to have an abortion is not compelled to do so, and a woman who does have an abortion with the approval of a law would perhaps have done so in any case (or so we are told). “It all takes place in the silence of an operating room, which at least guarantees that the “medical intervention” will take place with a certain degree of safety: and it is as if the fetus that will never se the light of day in fact never existed. “Who notices what’s going on? Why should we continue to speak publicly of this drama? Is it not perhaps better to leave it buried in the silence of the consciences of the individuals involved? “The Book of Genesis contains a passage that addresses our problem with impressive eloquence: the blessing the Lord God pronounces on Noah and his sons after the flood. After the event of sin, God reestablishes here, once and for all, the only laws that can guarantee the continuation of life for the human race… “The text from Genesis guides our reflections in a double, which corresponds well to the double dimension of the questions we asked at the beginning of this essay: “First, there are no “small murders”. The respect of every human life is an essential condition if a societal worthy of the name is to be possible. “Secondly, when man’s conscience loses respect for life as something sacred, he inevitably ends by losing his own identity.” Foundation & Summit The foundation upon which the Church rests is the sacredness of each human life; not in the abstract, but in the specific sense of an individual human being. This foundation of the Church finds fulfillment in the summit of the Church during the daily Mass; where Christ enters again into each faithful human being during the eucharistic celebration. This foundation also animates the international posture of the Church in the political arena through its eternal responsibility to protect the innocent; whether through the call for the protection of the unborn, or through the violent exercise of a just war, or the legally proscribed use of capital punishment; and the real politick stance of the abortionists or the pacifistic stance of the war and capital punishment abolitionists is an assault upon the foundation and the summit. Within the founding spirit of the United States, the overwhelming focus is on the protection of human dignity, human freedom, and religious freedom; powerful marks for a great power to assume and very congruent with those of another great power in the world, the Catholic Church. Pope Benedict reinforced these principles in his speech to the United Nations, and reminds us of how important it is that we Catholics—who are voting in the United States for leaders of our city, county, and country—remember that being congruent with the basic principles of our faith and our nation, should be a major ingredient in the decision process that leads to our final vote. “The principle of “responsibility to protect” was considered by the ancient ius gentium as the foundation of every action taken by those in government with regard to the governed: at the time when the concept of national sovereign States was first developing, the Dominican Friar Francisco de Vitoria, rightly considered as a precursor of the idea of the United Nations, described this responsibility as an aspect of natural reason shared by all nations, and the result of an international order whose task it was to regulate relations between peoples.” The responsibility to protect the innocent from the aggressor is a Catholic principle woven into its traditional support for babies in the womb, just war, and capital punishment, and is reflected in the 1948 United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, and the 2001 United Nations report, The Responsibility to Protect, which states as two basic principles: “A. State sovereignty implies responsibility, and the primary responsibility for the protection of its people lies with the state itself. “B. Where a population is suffering serious harm, as a result of internal war, insurgency, repression or state failure, and the state in question is unwilling or unable to halt or avert it, the principle of non-intervention yields to the international responsibility to protect.” (p. xi) Pope Benedict XVI (2008) also addressed this in his talk to the United Nations: “Recognition of the unity of the human family, and attention to the innate dignity of every man and woman, today find renewed emphasis in the principle of the responsibility to protect. This has only recently been defined, but it was already present implicitly at the origins of the United Nations, and is now increasingly characteristic of its activity. Every State has the primary duty to protect its own population from grave and sustained violations of human rights, as well as from the consequences of humanitarian crises, whether natural or man-made. If States are unable to guarantee such protection, the international community must intervene with the juridical means provided in the United Nations Charter and in other international instruments.” The petition—“give us this day our daily bread”—in the Our Father began to acquire a different meaning for me after many months of daily mass and praying the rosary daily with its recitation of the prayer before each decade; becoming more eucharistic that earthly and reading in Pope Benedict’s book, Jesus of Nazareth I discovered others had come to the same conclusion and beyond; then I understood that it was both. The Holy Father writes: “Today there are two principal interpretations. One maintains that the word [bread] means “what is necessary for existence.” On this reading, the petition would run as follows: Give us today the bread that we need in order to live. The other interpretation maintains that the correct translation is “bread for the future,” for the following day. But the petition to receive tomorrow’s bread today does not seem to make sense when looked at in the light of the disciple’s existence. The reference to the future would make more sense if the object of the petition were the bread that really does belong to the future: the true manna of God. In that case, it would be an eschatological petition, the petition for an anticipation of the world to come, asking the Lord to give already “today” the future bread, the bread of the new world—himself. On such a reading the petition would acquire an eschatological meaning. Some ancient translations hint in this direction. An example is Saint Jerome’s Vulgate, which translates the mysterious word epiousios as supersubstantialis (i.e., super-substantial), thereby pointing to the new, higher “substance” that the Lord gives us in the Holy Sacrament as the true bread of our life. “The fact is that the Fathers of the Church were practically unanimous in understanding the fourth petition of the Our Father as a eucharistic petition; in this sense the Our Father figures in the Mass liturgy as a eucharistic table-prayer (i.e., “grace”) This does not remove the straightforward earthly sense of the disciple’s petition that we have just shown to be the text’s immediate meaning. The Fathers consider different dimensions of the saying that begins as a petition for today’s bread for the poor, but insofar as it directs our gaze to the Father in heaven who feeds us, it recalls the wandering People of God, who were fed by God himself. Read in the light of Jesus great discourse on the bread of life, the miracle of the manna naturally points beyond itself to the new world in which the Logos—the eternal Word of God—will be our bread, the food of the eternal wedding banquet.” (pp. 154-155) In this month’s issue of First Things, (subscription required) is an excellent analysis of the political and religious elements around the global warming debate—though it is quickly becoming less of a debate than a rout of inconvenient facts refuting the essentially Marxist-driven narrative—which many scientists continue to cite as they contest the narrative; also noted in a recent senate committee hearing, where, according to the 400 scientists who testified, human caused global warming is still unproven. An excerpt from the First Things article. “This is beyond left or right, conservative or liberal.” So we are regularly told by those who are called the beyondists as they push familiar causes of the left or right. There are some things that really should be beyond partisan labels. For instance, that all human beings, no matter the stage of their development or decline, should be protected by law. That is now seen as a conservative position. When I first started addressing the abortion question many years ago, I argued that it should be viewed as the liberal position. After all, liberalism is for an expansive definition of the community for which we accept common responsibility. But in our public discourse we lost that argument a long time ago. “Similarly, today we are told that the environment, and global warming more specifically, is a concern that is beyond left or right. It is a scientific question and there is now a scientific “consensus” about the perils of climate change. Despite a large number of organizations receiving an estimated $50 billion in grants to promote concern about global warming, it seems that almost every week more scientists publicly register their dissent from the putative consensus. Even the Old Farmer’s Almanac is predicting a long period of global cooling. Whatever the science may be, it is increasingly evident that global warming is very much an ideological cause. “In many ways, it has replaced socialism as the weapon of choice in attacking the market economy, a.k.a. capitalism. Columnist Bret Stephens writes, “Take just about any other discredited leftist nostrum of yore—population control, higher taxes, a vast new regulatory regime, global economic redistribution, an enhanced role for the United Nations—and global warming provides a justification.” There is also a pronounced religious dimension. “Stephens writes, “Surely it is no accident that the principal catastrophe predicted by global warming alarmists is diluvian in nature. Surely it is not a coincidence that modern-day environmentalists are awfully biblical in their critique of the depredations of modern society: ‘And it repented the Lord that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart.’ That’s Genesis, but it sounds like Jim Hansen.” Jim Hansen was key to launching the global-warming alarm with predictions offered twenty years ago in congressional testimony—predictions offered, he said, with “99 percent confidence.” “The religious dimension is pronounced also in the solutions proposed, almost all of them involving radical changes in personal behavior, usually with an ascetic and rigorously moralistic bent: drive less, buy less, do penance for carbon emissions, walk lightly upon the earth. As Stephens puts it, “A light carbon footprint has become the twenty-first-century equivalent of sexual abstinence.” “I expect this helps explain why some evangelicals have so enthusiastically jumped aboard the global-warming bandwagon. Don’t smoke, don’t drink, don’t dance—such are the strictures of a stereotyped evangelicalism from which they wish to distance themselves. Now it’s don’t drive an SUV and don’t buy incandescent light bulbs. The new commandments of global warming allow one to be a moralistic scold and fashionable at the same time. Guilt and penance play well also with secularists today. Our achievements as a society are undeserved, our prosperity is morally suspect. Writes Stephens, “In this view, global warming is nature’s great comeuppance, affirming as nothing else our guilty conscience for our worldly success.” “It has often been observed that, in European politics, “Green” is the new “Red.” In this country, Green is also the new spirituality that neatly combines the old-fashioned altar call with conversion to a heightened environmental consciousness. A few years ago, there was a lively debate over the question “What would Jesus drive?” Apparently that received no definitive answer. But there’s no doubt about what Mother Nature demands of those seeking environmental redemption. It is a curious phenomenon, not untouched by intimations of magic, as evident in a presidential candidate’s suggestion that, with his election, the oceans would stop rising. The one thing the global-warming alarm is not is “beyond left and right, liberal and conservative.” Another Reentry Strategy Though this new reentry strategy is from law enforcement, who surely have a much deeper knowledge of the criminal world culture than traditional rehabilitation practitioners and academics, and in this respect will probably have a greater level of success—though at a current success rate of 30% virtually any improvement is to be desired—the chances of it being largely successful is not good. They do call for the involvement of former criminals who have reformed their lives, but it is almost an afterthought, as noted in this excerpt. “Individual community members, who may or may not be connected to other stakeholder groups, have valuable contributions as well. People who have returned from prison can personally describe the challenges they faced and services they received that helped them become productive community members. Their messages can be conveyed during program orientation meetings and other forums.” (pp. 23-24) The Communion of Saints This vital communion is defined in the Modern Catholic Dictionary by John A. Hardon, S.J. as: “The unity and co-operation of the members of the Church on earth with those in heaven and in purgatory. They are united as being one Mystical Body of Christ. The faithful on earth are in communion with each other by professing the same faith, obeying the same authority, and assisting each other with their prayers and good works. They are in communion with the saints in heaven by honoring them as glorified members of the Church, invoking their prayers and aid, and striving to imitate their virtues. They are in communion with the souls in purgatory by helping them with their prayers and good works.” The communion with the saints is a large source of our strength to daily battle the inertia and fear so often characterizing our struggle to shoulder the cross Christ bequeathed to us—whose reward is joyous eternity—and today is the feast day of a great saint who struggled during a time of horrible peril for the Church, St. John Capistrano. An excerpt from the Saint of the Day posting. “Imagine being born in the fourteenth century. One-third of the population and nearly 40 percent of the clergy were wiped out by the bubonic plague. The Western Schism split the Church with two or three claimants to the Holy See at one time. England and France were at war. The city-states of Italy were constantly in conflict. No wonder that gloom dominated the spirit of the culture and the times. “John Capistrano was born in 1386. His education was thorough. His talents and success were great. When he was 26 he was made governor of Perugia. Imprisoned after a battle against the Malatestas, he resolved to change his way of life completely. At the age of 30 he entered the Franciscan novitiate and was ordained a priest four years later. “His preaching attracted great throngs at a time of religious apathy and confusion. He and 12 Franciscan brethren were received in the countries of central Europe as angels of God. They were instrumental in reviving a dying faith and devotion… “John Hofer, a biographer of John Capistrano, recalls a Brussels organization named after the saint. Seeking to solve life problems in a fully Christian spirit, its motto was: “Initiative, Organization, Activity.” These three words characterized John’s life. He was not one to sit around, ever. His deep Christian optimism drove him to battle problems at all levels with the confidence engendered by a deep faith in Christ.” (highlighting added) Having Been There The most significant success determinant in the human service sector—when personal transformation is the core element—is the involvement of those who have been there; who already know the trials and tribulations of dealing with the cultural artifacts and social handicaps of exposure to one of the government managed systems that too often are marked by failure. The foster care system is surely one of these and this article from one person who has not only survived it but transcended it to become an advocate for change is another example of how effective those who have “been there” can be in helping others to “transcend there”. “Few people here in Sacramento have as close a connection to the policies they propose as I do. When I work on legislation with foster youths and advocates, it’s personal. “Between the ages of 7 and 17, I lived in 10 different foster-care homes. I was the youngest of five children, and my journey through the system began when my mother became addicted to drugs. My father was in Ohio and unable to care for us, so we relied on relatives and foster families throughout California. “The chaos of home life soon translated into trouble at school. I was kicked out of junior high three times for acting out – getting into a fight, giving counselors a hard time and skipping classes. In high school, I joked that I showed up for two periods: breakfast and lunch. “Toward the end of high school, I moved to a group home. There I met housemates who had experienced much worse things in the homes they were shuffled in and out of – and in the foster-care system in general. “Many of their personal struggles matched or foreshadowed disturbing statistics that are all too common for foster youths: Fewer than half graduate from high school. Among those who do, less than 2 percent earn a college degree. And within two years of turning 18, half of all foster youth will find themselves homeless, in prison or on welfare. “That’s why I’m now dedicated to working with and on behalf of the 77,000 foster children in California to fix the system. I say “with” because the young people themselves must have a seat at the table if we, as a state, are to truly understand – and improve – their situations… “I’ve been there, and I’m working with bright, courageous foster youths every day to remind elected officials that progress comes from changing, not shortchanging, the system.”	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line619
__label__wiki	0.832058	0.832058	EXCLUSIVE! Courtney Stodden's husband Doug Hutchison is proud of how she handled stolen sex tape: 'She decided to cast a silver lining around the cloud' Courtney Stodden's husband Doug Hutchison is proud of the recent release of his wife's solo sex tape Courtney Uncovered…but not for the reason you might think. Surely the 55-year-old actor likes what he sees in the video, but he tells TheFIX exclusively that he's most impressed by how Courtney handled the release after the tape was stolen. "Court was faced with a difficult decision and I admire how she handled the situation - with grace and fortitude," Doug says. "She decided to cast a silver lining around the cloud. "For the first time in the history of celebrity sex-tape scandals, Court decided she'd donate 100 percent of her end of the profits to charity. Given the amount Vivid offered, it's no small sum. This is an example of my wife's impeccable character and one of the reasons she has my heart." Courtney's gesture will benefit an unnamed animal rights group or children's cancer charity, but how did the video get out there in the first place? That part of the story has been pretty sketchy up to now. "That was an unfortunate breach of our privacy," Doug reveals. "Both Court and I were dismayed when it was discovered that someone close to us had stolen our private property and then attempted to sell it to the highest bidder. "I was angry. But there it is, you see: This is the underside of our social media era." Despite Doug's harsh words about these selfie-obsessed times ("I avoid social media like the plague – I don't tweet, Instagram, nor Facebook"), he recognises the value of an online presence. Social media is how Courtney, whom he married in 2011, when she was 16 and he 50, continues to make a name for herself. She previously had reality-TV stints on Couples Therapy with Doug and on the UK's Celebrity Big Brother. "I do enjoy keeping up with Court's posts and marvel at how much time she spends uploading selfies, vids, quotes, connecting with her followers, and keeping on top of her social media madness," he says. Meanwhile, Doug is a Hollywood old-schooler, a go-to villain with decades worth of prestigious acting credits, like Lost and The X-Files, on his resume. Despite the generation gap between him and Courtney and her racy image, Doug says they're a pretty normal couple. "We both love snuggling in bed with our puppies and watching I Love Lucy, Honeymooners, and Leave It To Beaver episodes," he says. What? No Lost or The X-Files? "Believe it or not, Court had never seen my episodes on The X-Files nor saw The Green Mile before we met," Doug reveals. "She was a fan of Lost for a bit, but apparently stopped watching it only two episodes prior to [Doug's character] Horace Goodspeed appearing!" She's had four years of marriage to catch up! Although the couple separated briefly last year, they just celebrated their fourth anniversary in May…and there's more to come. "We still plan on renewing our wedding vows in the not-too-distant future," Doug says. "Stay tuned!" Here's a look at Courtney in action on social media... Courtney Stodden has a major nipple slip…another awkward celeb wardrobe malfunction! Doug Hutchison	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line621
__label__wiki	0.853256	0.853256	Home/Singers/Chris Robinson Net Worth Chris Robinson Net Worth Chris Robinson Net Worth is Chris Robinson Bio/Wiki, Net Worth, Married 2018 Chris Robinson (born November 5, 1938, in West Palm Beach, Florida; occasionally credited as Christopher Robinson) is an actor who played Rick Webber #2 on “General Hospital”. He recently appeared on another soap opera, “The Bold and the Beautiful” as Jack Hamilton; the character finished in 2005. In 1972, he got the lead as a fanatical snakecharmer in the horror movie, “Stanley”. He could be the father of Taylor Joseph Robinson, cast as C.J. Garrison #3 in “The Bold and the Beautiful”. In 1985, Robinson was convicted of income tax evasion. He was permitted to continue his role on “General Hospital” under a prison work-release provision. Robinson, is married to artist/performer Jacquie (ne Shane) Robinson, and he’s five sons from three previous unions. Chris Robinson Net Worth $18 Million Dollars IMDB Wikipedia Structural Info Full Name Chris Robinson Date Of Birth December 20, 1966 (age 48 Place Of Birth Marietta, Georgia, United States Profession Singer, Guitarist, Songwriter, Art Director Education Wofford College Nationality United States of America Spouse Allison Bridges (m. 2009), Kate Hudson (m. 2000–2007), Lala Sloatman (m. 1996–1998) Children Ryder Robinson, Cheyenne Genevieve Robinson Parents Nancy Jane Robinson, Stanley Robinson Siblings Rich Robinson Nicknames Christopher Mark Robinson , Christopher Mark "Chris" Robinson Music Groups The Black Crowes (1985 – 2015) Nominations Grammy Award for Best Music Video, NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Directing in a Motion Picture, Black Movie Award for Outstanding Achievement in Directing Movies ATL, Paper Chasers, Black Rage TV Shows Twelve O'Clock High, Another World, Inquiring Minds Star Sign Sagittarius 1 Right now, I've never been more impressed by the new bands that we meet. I may be 10, 20 years older, but we're all on the same page about culture, music and life. 2 There have been multitudes of times in my career where I could have taken an easier road or a more commercial path, and I've been just like, 'That's not gonna make me happy.' 3 When I think about the real pioneers of the psychedelic movement in a musical sense, not just the culture, everything had a handmade sort of vibe to it. We're inventing our culture as we move along into this. 4 The counterculture has nothing to do with Dolce & Gabbana having a 'Hippy Summer' or something. Street kids, and kids who want to live in any sort of counter-cultural experience other than what's being presented by the mainstream media or political climate, or 'normal' cultural climate, are never going to look like that. 5 The way we're going about things and what we want to do, we feel it has to be a really pure essence of music. That's where you get the most out of it. 6 How many new rock stars have come around that have anything to say at all? Guys where you even want to know what they're thinking? Are they thinking? Where did it go astray? 7 I'm the weirdo. There have been multitudes of times in my career where I could have taken an easier road or a more commercial path, and I've been just like, that's not gonna make me happy. 8 There's the conventional wisdom, of which I have none, where you get a record deal, you get a publicist, you get a campaign, and you do the tour, but none of that adds up to things like nuance and subtlety and dynamic. 9 I'd like to think that, at the end of the day, you can look at the things that I made as a young person and the things I'll continue to make as I get older and they'll be consistently interesting and soulful things, and if you like them they'll be a part of your dimension, as well. 10 If you had told me at 45 years old that I would have to go on tour to get rest, I would've said, 'That's not how it works.' But nothing can be more gratifying. I'm a very hands-on dad. 11 Now as a musician, if you have it within you, you can create your own reality. Believe me, it's a novelty. 12 Since the early Nineties it's been very fashionable to say, 'It's all about the music.' 13 Singing isn't always about being on key; it's about emotionality. 14 What I had to learn was, that I'm only responsible for my perception of things. The world's not out to get you. That's not the way it works. 15 With time and experience comes a different perception of what's going on around you. 16 I never thought I'd be on the cover of the 'Atlanta Journal' unless I killed someone. 17 I make decisions based on my work, not based on meetings with my business managers, who I don't like to meet. 18 I'm interested in authentic experience and the essence of that creative place, and where those myths begin and where they become real on any level. 19 I'm not a big fan of Robert Plant's lyrics or his singing. 20 I'm not interested in a persona. 21 In 2000, I fell in love. I had never felt anything like that before in my life. It kind of took me over. 22 Life is different than it was in the Nineties. I'm a dad, and there are other things I have to get done in an afternoon than just being an artist. 23 Musicians playing together, it's a conversation, and ideally I want our conversation to be really intriguing and interesting and beautiful. 24 My music is how I feel, and that's changed from being twenty years old to being forty-three years old. 25 No matter what, I'm always interested in making music. 26 Being a pop artist or making music like a jingle or something - I don't do that. 27 I like unkempt; I don't mind if I have holes in my jacket or whatever. I think people should look more the way they feel. 28 It's funny, after a while, you get tired of having to fight someone because they don't like the way you look. 29 I didn't want to be told what to do. I don't want to water down my music to fit into their formats. I know what rock and roll is to me, but everything's turning into one big commercial. 30 Part of getting older is realizing that you can integrate all these different areas of your life, rather than the adolescent mindset, which for me lasted a long time, which says, 'It's all or nothing.' 1 Daughter, Cheyenne Genevieve Robinson, was born on December 26, 2009, weighing 6 lbs. 3 oz. Mother is Allison Bridges. 2 His first child, Ryder Robinson, with Kate Hudson, was born on January 7, 2004. 3 Lead singer for Hard Rock/Blues band The Black Crowes. 4 Fellow The Black Crowes band member & older brother of Rich Robinson. 5 Ex-son-in-law of Bill Hudson and Goldie Hawn. 6 Ex-Brother-in-law of Oliver Hudson and Wyatt Russell. The Tonight Show with Jay Leno 2010-2012 TV Series writer - 2 episodes He's Just Not That Into You 2009 writer: "By Your Side" - as Christopher Robinson Grand Theft Auto IV 2008 Video Game writer: "Remedy" Canadian Idol 2006 TV Series writer - 1 episode The Black Crowes: Freak 'N' Roll... Into the Fog 2006 Video documentary writer: " Only Halfway to Everywhere", "Sting Me", "No Speak No Slave", "Soul Singing", "Welcome to the Goodtimes", "Jealous Again", "My Morning Song", "Sunday Night Buttermilk Waltz", "Cursed Diamond", "She Talks to Angels", "Wiser Time", "Nonfiction", "Seeing Things", "Let Me Share the Ride", "Remedy" American Idol 2005 TV Series writer - 1 episode Ladder 49 2004 writer: "Twice as Hard" Raising Helen 2004 performer: "Ride" / writer: "Ride" Karaoke Revolution 2003 Video Game "She Talks To Angels" Robbery Homicide Division 2002 TV Series writer - 1 episode The Banger Sisters 2002 performer: "Let the Red Road Take You" / writer: "Let the Red Road Take You" Mad Dog and Glory 1993 writer: "Twice as Hard" 1990 Tedeschi Trucks Band: Live from the Fox Oakland 2017 The Black Crowes: Who Killed That Bird Out on Your Window Sill... The Movie 1992 Video Getting Doug with High 2015 TV Series Himself Live from the Artists Den 2010 TV Series Himself The Black Crowes Cabin Fever 2009 Video documentary Lead Vocals / Harp / Guitar / ... No disparen al pianista 2009 TV Series Himself Late Show with David Letterman 2004-2007 TV Series Himself - Musical Guest / Himself The Black Crowes: Freak 'N' Roll... Into the Fog 2006 Video documentary Himself (Vocals, Harmonica, Acoustic Guitar) (as The Black Crowes) The Work of Director Stéphane Sednaoui 2005 Video documentary Himself (segment "Sometimes Salvation") (as The Black Crowes) All We Are Saying 2005 TV Movie documentary Himself Medicine Chest 2004 Video short Himself 2004 Jammys: The Theatre at Madison Square Garden 2004 TV Mini-Series Himself Top of the Pops 2001 TV Series Himself Howard Stern 2001 TV Series Himself The Daily Show 1999-2001 TV Series Himself Behind the Music 1999 TV Series documentary Himself Late Night with Conan O'Brien 1999 TV Series Himself Joe Cocker: Have a Little Faith 1996 Video documentary Himself 4 Goes to Glastonbury 1995 TV Series Himself The Kids in the Hall 1995 TV Series Himself Straight Dope: An MTV News Special Report 1994 TV Movie documentary Himself - Black Crows MTV Video Music Awards 1993 1993 TV Special Himself The Black Crowes: Who Killed That Bird Out on Your Window Sill... The Movie 1992 Video Himself (Vocals) For Those About to Rock: Monsters in Moscow 1992 Documentary Himself (as The Black Crowes) MTV Video Music Awards 1992 1992 TV Special Himself - Black Crowes Vocalist Hard 'N Heavy Volume 8 1990 Video documentary Himself - Black Crowes Unplugged 1990 TV Series documentary Himself House of Style: Music, Models and MTV 2012 TV Movie documentary Himself Michel Gondry 2: More Videos (Before and After DVD 1) 2009 Video Himself (segment "High Head Blues") Raising Helen (2004) as Soundtrack He's Just Not That Into You (2009) The Banger Sisters (2002) The Black Crowes: Freak 'N' Roll... Into the Fog (2006) as Himself (Vocals, Harmonica, Acoustic Guitar) $9 Million 1966 (age 48 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) Actor Aggravated battery Alison Sweeney All Aboard Florida Allison Bridges Allison Bridges (m. 2009) Anything Goes Art Director C.J. Garrison Charter school Cheyenne Genevieve Robinson Chris Robinson Chris Robinson Net Worth Christopher Mark "Chris" Robinson Christopher Mark Robinson Days of our Lives December 20 English-language films Florida Garrison General Hospital Georgia Guitarist Kate Hudson Kate Hudson (m. 2000–2007) Lala Sloatman Lala Sloatman (m. 1996–1998) Marietta Mobile phone Palm Beach County Rick Webber Robinson Rock Stars Ryder Robinson Sheriff Singer Soap opera Songwriter Tax Tax avoidance and tax evasion The Black Crowes The Black Crowes (1985 – 2015) United States United States of America West Palm Beach Facebook Twitter Google+ LinkedIn StumbleUpon Pinterest Reddit Debbie Gibson Net Worth Jaheim Net Worth India Arie Net Worth Brian Molko Net Worth Richard Rosenblatt Net Worth David Koch Net Worth Warren Stephens Net Worth Red McCombs Net Worth Kenny Troutt Net Worth Michael Bay Net Worth Hines Ward Net Worth Luiz Felipe Scolari Net Worth Marc Summers Net Worth Carey Hart Net Worth Anthony Hopkins Net Worth Danny Glover Net Worth Ryan Gosling Net Worth	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line622
__label__wiki	0.743587	0.743587	Philadelphia 76ers re-sign Ennis, add Neto Updated: July 12, 2019 10:49 AM EDT Report: Mavericks owner Cuban fined for leaking info Warriors GM Myers: No way to keep Kevin Durant Brooklyn Nets sign guard David Nwaba to 2-year deal Utah Jazz to reportedly sign Williams-Goss from Europe The Philadelphia 76ers have signed free agent point guard Raul Neto and re-signed small forward James Ennis III, the team announced on Friday. Ennis, 29, joined the 76ers after a trade from the Rockets in February and averaged 5.3 points and 3.6 rebounds in 15.6 minutes in 18 games. The five-year vet has played for six teams since being taken 50th overall by the Atlanta Hawks in the 2013 NBA Draft. “We are excited to welcome James back to the 76ers,” said general manager Elton Brand. “James had opportunities elsewhere, but he is determined to win here in Philadelphia.” Neto, 27, was also originally drafted by the Hawks in 2013, but had spent his entire NBA career in Utah. He averaged 5.3 points and 2.5 assists in 12.8 minutes per game last season and figures to pick up backup point guard minutes in Philadelphia.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line624
__label__cc	0.516375	0.483625	Carolina Verd Sonia Delaunay at Madrid \|leer en español\| This week I visited the Thyyssen Museum, in Madrid, to see Sonia Delaunay’s exhibition. I liked very much the exhibition dedicated to her work only. The last time Sonia was exhibited in Madrid it was along with the work of her husband, Robert Delaunay. Full-color mirror of the interwar avant-gardes, eclipsed for years by her husband’s shadow because art historians couldn’t appreciate the sublime on her applied arts, Sonia started gain in importance with her solo exhibitions in 2008 at the Tate and in 2014 at the Modern Art Museum of Paris. Now, and until october 15, the exhibition “Sonia Delaunay. Art, Design, and Fashion” can be appreciated in the Thyssen-Bornemisza. The exhibition placed particular emphasis on the work she made in the years she lived in Madrid, during World War One. On her own workshop, Casa Sonia, she made sketches, interior design, staging, and amazing garments for the artists and aristocrats of the time. Madrid was to Sonia a field for experimentation that would later allow her, back in Paris, to demonstrate she was a multidisciplinary creator, capable of exploring various materials and techniques way beyond painting. Her paintings, drawings, gouaches, books, and pictures mix up with umbrellas, coats, jackets, and dresses in this exhibition. Visiting it inspires me and fills me with the will to dig deeply into Sonia’s worlds and her search for art in life. Sonia reflects her aesthetics and her colors on the applied arts in a natural, intuitive, and exquisite way. Canvas, clothes, bookbinding, stages, and even objects make the spectator gain consciousness about her creative power. Understanding her life, origins, teachers, trips, and concerns, we can better understand the artist and her work. Come with me, let’s take a trip through Sonia’s life so we get to know her colors, the Simultaneism, and her applied arts. A Trip through Sonia Delaunay’s Life and Work From Odesa to Paris Sonia Ilínichna Stern was born in a modest Jewish family in Odesa –Russia back then; now Ukraine– on November 14, 1885. As a little girl she moved with her wealth-maternal uncle and his wife in San Petersburg. They allowed her to study first in Germany and then in Paris. Later she married Wilhelm Uhde, so she wouldn’t have to go back to her homeland. In 1908, she exhibited her Fauvist paintings in Uhde’s gallery. This allowed her to enter into the artistic circles of Picasso, Braque, Derain, Valmich, and Robert Delaunay. Paris and the Beginnings of Simultaneism In 1910 she divorce Uhde and marries Robert. The marriage shares the same artistic interests. From the beginning of the relationship, Sonia distinguished herself from her husband by combining the painting brushes with embroidery needles, interior decoration, and fashion design. Throughout her work, the artist shows her interest for expressing the avant-garde language with the most diverse materials, bright colors, and different techniques that remind her of her Russian origins. In 1912, the couple turned into abstraction and the power of color, which took them to develop the Simultaneism theory: a way to understand art in which the impact of light on colors connects with the way colors are combined with each other. For Sonia, that simultaneism could be clearly applied to objects used on daily life. One of her most famous works is also one of her first ones, a blanket she sew for her son Charles in 1911. Of Cubist looks, it’s made out of color pieces, just as Russian country women used to make them. The original work is now property of the French Pompidou; we can’t see it at the exhibition since it cannot travel due to its fragility. So, instead, there’s a picture of it. This blanket moves me. I relate somehow to Sonia, who covers her son with her colors. She, who is pure creation, applies her art knowledge to her daily life, transforming a utilitarian object into a piece of art in a natural and intuitive way. The Great War, Madrid and Portugal World War One catches the Delaunays in Spain. The life on the streets, the markets, and the popular dances, specially flamenco, became protagonists of her work during this period. These were also the previous steps to their collaboration with the Russian ballets of Serguéi Diághilev. In the sketches Sonia made during this time, there are figures she transformed into color patches, with which she managed to reflect the movement and color of the scenes that moved her and that she chose to capture in her work. This Madrilenian phase, which took place 100 years ago, meant for her a time of great experimentation and freedom that would sign her entire artistic development from 1920 on, once back in Paris. The exhibition tries to redeem those years in Madrid as an essential milestone in her career. Through photographs and press cuttings, we realize the social impact of her work. The Bolshevik Revolution and its success (1917-1920) deprived her from the economic support of the pension her family in Russia issued. Then Sonia reinvented herself and established Casa Sonia, where she dressed the woman on trend. Her drawings and paintings became fabric and designs for the modern woman. The Return to Paris and the Simultaneous Fashion The last part of the exhibition is focused on Sonia’s work after 1921, when she returns to Paris. The Delaunays soon rejoin the avant-garde movements and rebuild their circle of friends, among which there are Albert Gleizes, André Lothe, André Breton, Tristan Tzara, Philippe Soupault, and Joseph Delteil. They wrote poems inspired in Sonia’s creations and wore clothes she designed and made for them. Sonia decided to continue funding the family with the commercial applications of her talent. With the experience she gained in Madrid, she set up the library Au sans pareil, in Neuilly. There she made her poem-dresses, outfits designed by Sonia that showed a poem written specially for the woman who would wear them. In the exhibition we can see these sketches. Can you imagine how special would it be to wear a dress designed by Sonia with a poem specially written for you? In those years, Sonia launched her own firm, and her work expands to canvas, clothing, tapestry, lithography, staging, and murals. Along with Dadaists and Surrealists she carries out theatrical and cinematographic projects –like the movie Le p’tit Parigot (1926), by Le Somptier– and she started to works for the Dutch department stores Metz & Co. In 1937, she works with Robert on the decoration of two big pavilions of the Exposition Internationale of Paris. With her work at the Railway Pavilion she refers to her stay in the Iberian Peninsula. During the decade of 1930 she was in touch with artistic groups that stood up for abstraction in art, like Abstraction-Création or Cercle et Carré, and she was one of the founding members of the salon Réalités Nouvelles, in 1939. Recognition of Her Individual Work After her husband’s death, in 1941, Sonia continued working and collaborating with abstract-art promotion, as it’s shown at the end of the exhibition. In 1958, the Städtischs Kunsthaus de BiKunsthaus de Bielefeldelefeld (Germany) organized the first big hindsight about Sonia Delaunay with 250 works. In 1964, Sonia and her son Charles donated to the French state an amount of 101 works by Sonia and Robert Delaunay that helped on the conservation of the artistic heritage the couple left. In 1975, she received the National Order of the Legion of Honour. Her artistic career kept getting multidisciplinary, and it includes the decoration of cars and children books. To know more about the life and work of the Delaunays, you can read her book Nous irons jusqu’au soleil (We Will Go Right Up to the Sun), published in 1978. Sonia died in her workshop on December 5, 1979, working, surrounded by her colors, her canvas, drawings, fabrics, and sketches. Sonia for Me Sonia was a woman who learned to apply her art to the quotidian. She was an artist and a designer who didn’t fear to express herself and who played with color and movement while she researched on how to capture them with different materials and means. After visiting the museum and seeing the exhibition, I shared the experience with my daughters. Thanks to the Thyssen’s great job, I was able to expose them to Sonia’s work and show them see that a true artist expresses through any material (fabric, paper, canvas, etc.), and that none of them is better than the other. As soon as we got home after we visited the museum, I proposed my daughters to capture colors on a white piece of cloth. On the table we worked, we had potatoes to create shaped stamps using a carving tool and fabric paint (yellow, blue, red, magenta, white, and black) that we mixed to create our own color palette. The girls started to stain the cloth in an open game, fearless of the result. I always let them start and then I follow, so they can show their intuitive freedom of expression. After the creative session, we always talk about what we have done. We do it exposing what we all experimented with and we reflect about what attracts our attention, what we like the most, or what we dislike. The effort to translate what we did into words –the more spontaneous and poetic, the better– teaches them how to intellectually express based on color and shape perceptions. Sonia: art, design, and fashion. A true multifaceted and multidisciplinary artist. Here’s a playlist with some music Sonia and Robert Delaunay used to listen: Thanks for joining me on this trip through her life and work. If you liked this post, follow me, share, and tell me what other artist would you like to read about here. Photography: Alberto Hernandez Styling and decoration design: Carolina Verd Make up: Su&Jo Hair: Su&Jo Assistant: J.F.Sebastian Fashion by Pez (Madrid) Curry coloured coat by Masscob Jet-black velvet dress by Masscob Gold and green ring by To be continued Single earring by Vanrycke Shoes by Paola d´Arcano	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line626
__label__wiki	0.910669	0.910669	Calmer Voices Posted on October 17, 2008 by wade For all of the uproar — there are other, calmer voices trying to be heard in addition to the reporter from McClatchy mentioned yesterday. Part 1: Columbia Journalism Review Campaign Desk Rooting Up ACORN NPR’s take on the suddenly infamous organization By Katia Bachko Wed 15 Oct 2008 02:29 PM Ever since the McCain campaign called for an investigation into voter registration fraud perpetrated by the nonprofit organization ACORN, many news outlets have attempted to clarify what, exactly, the group does and how it is connected to Barack Obama. Today, NPR’s Peter Overby offers another take, which, unfortunately, leaves listeners with no clearer understanding about the legitimacy of the allegations. The lead-in to the piece promises that there’s “a lot more” to the ACORN story than the GOP accusations. There is, but NPR fails to put all the pieces together. The NPR report does a good job establishing ACORN’s mission–advocating for jobs, education, etc.–and the archive department pulls a great ace from the audio library: a 2006 clip of John McCain congratulating ACORN organizers for exemplifying “what makes America special.” NPR also lays out the full extent of Obama’s connections with ACORN: the Illinois lawsuit, the affiliation on Project Vote, the $800,000 paid for voter registration work, and the endorsement of the organization’s PAC. But things get muddled afterward. Overby interviews Tim Miller, from the corporate-backed Employment Policies Institute, who details the history of complaints against ACORN and maligns the group’s financial practices, in light of the recent embezzlement-related ouster of the group’s founder. (The founder’s brother, the organization’s controller, stole approximately $1 million from the group.) But Overby spends no time explaining that the embezzlement scandal has no connection to the current registration fraud issues, and, more importantly, that Barack Obama has no connection with either affair. Next, the report airs a McCain ad linking Obama to ACORN’s alleged pattern of “nationwide voter fraud.” Yet Overby does not clarify the difference between vote fraud and registration fraud; nor does he explain or contextualize the claim that ACORN is “flooding polling places with illegal voters.” An attorney specializing in voting protocols would have been useful here. Yes, ACORN may have submitted some fraudulent registration forms, but that’s because they’re legally required to submit every form they collect. Otherwise we’d invite a different kind of registration fraud, where organizers could throw out forms they deemed unacceptable for any given reason. What’s more, ACORN itself raised some of the alerts about the legitimacy of the forms now under investigation. And, also, the questionable forms represent a small portion of the overall registrations collected. There are legitimate angles to the ACORN story, and they deserve to be reported. But what we’re missing here is context. NPR and others have to fulfill their “a lot more to the story” promise. Explain how ACORN registers voters; explain the laws; explain when Obama was involved and when he wasn’t; outline ACORN’s association with the Democratic party, and with the Republicans as well. The group has a complicated history, as this Slate piece explains. Pinning the fault entirely on Obama and the donkeys is a massive stretch. Part 2: Slate explainer: Answers to your questions about the news. What’s Up With ACORN?How a community-organizing group became Republican cause celebre. By Jacob Leibenluft Updated Friday, Oct. 10, 2008, at 6:47 PM ET ACORN activists With voter registration coming to a close, the community-organizing group ACORN has become a major target of criticism by Republicans in recent weeks. On Thursday, Slate’s John Dickerson reported that members of the crowd at a McCain rally in Wisconsin started shouting the organization’s name as a rallying cry. When did a group more typically known for its minimum-wage and housing campaigns become such a controversial organization in national politics? In the run-up to the 2004 election. ACORN–that’s the Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now–was founded in 1970 and has long been known for its activism surrounding local issues in urban areas. The group earned its fair share of criticism from the right over the years–not least for its controversial tactics, which have included disrupting a speech by former House Speaker Newt Gingrich in 1995. In 2003, Manhattan Institute scholar Sol Stern described ACORN as promoting "a 1960s-bred agenda of anti-capitalism, central planning, victimology, and government handouts to the poor." These days, Republicans are accusing ACORN of committing widespread voter-registration fraud. The group has been involved in registration efforts since its early days, but that aspect of its work did not earn much criticism until recent years. In 1993, Newsday reported that the New York State Senate had held hearings over the legality of ostensibly nonpartisan voter drives conducted by ACORN and sponsored by the state’s Democratic Party. In 1999, about 400 voter-registration cards submitted by ACORN in Philadelphia were flagged for investigation after a judge stated that "a cursory look would have suggested that they were all in the same hand." Meanwhile, the earliest example of registration fraud documented on "Rotten ACORN," a critical Web site put together by the Employment Policies Institute, comes from 1998–but that’s the only case cited from before 2003. The group came under much stronger scrutiny, however, during its expanded registration efforts for the 2004 presidential campaign. In Florida, a former ACORN employee accused the group, in a lawsuit, of removing Republican registration cards and paying workers for each card collected–a felony under state law. (After the election, the worker’s suit was dismissed as lacking evidence, and a judge upheld ACORN’s countercharge of libel.) In October 2004, the Employment Policies Institute released a report (PDF) saying that the group had been "implicated in several voter fraud cases in states across the nation," noting the Florida accusations along with reports that a New Mexico ACORN employee had registered a 13-year-old to vote and that a Minnesota employee had been found with 300 unfiled registration cards in his trunk. At the same time, the U.S. Justice Department placed a greater emphasis on prosecuting registration fraud. (David Iglesias, one of the U.S. attorneys whose firing precipitated an investigation of the Justice Department, claims he was removed for declining to prosecute the ACORN employee in New Mexico–and also failing to respond to other fraud accusations made by state Republicans. The Minnesota man, on the other hand, pled guilty to two felonies.) The rhetoric surrounding ACORN has grown louder in the 2006 and 2008 campaigns. (Barack Obama was part of a legal team that represented ACORN in a voting-rights case in the 1990s; his campaign has denied claims that he ever worked for the group in another capacity or trained its employees.) After a Las Vegas ACORN office was raided by Nevada authorities this week, House minority whip Roy Blunt called for a full-scale investigation of the organization, saying that fraudulent registrations "slows down the processing of those who are legitimately trying to register to vote." ACORN’s supporters, however, say the group flags problematic registration cards for election officials and that no one has shown any link between registration fraud and fraudulent ballots actually being cast on Election Day. Got a question about today’s news? Ask the Explainer. Explainer thanks John Atlas of the National Housing Institute, Jonathan Bechtle of the Evergreen Freedom Foundation, Tim Miller of the Employment Policies Institute, and Lorraine Minnite of Barnard College. Part 3: Washington Post reprinted by Concord Monitor McCain, GOP blame mortgage crisis on anti-poverty group Obama’s voting rights link to ACORN bashed By Steven A. Holmes and Mary Pat Flaherty The Washington Post ACORN, a community organizing group that has operated for nearly 40 years outside the national spotlight, suddenly finds itself a central issue in the presidential campaign. Republican officials and advisers to Sen. John McCain have sought to paint the group – which focuses on low-income housing, voter registration, the minimum wage and other issues – as radical and have accused it of playing a role in the economic crisis and fomenting voter fraud. At the same time, the McCain campaign has sought to tie the group closely to Sen. Barack Obama. The charges have come repeatedly, in news releases, conference calls to reporters and remarks on the campaign trail. Republican National Committee spokesman Danny Diaz called ACORN a "quasi-criminal group" last week during one of a series of news conferences, charging that the group was committing fraud during its voter-registration drives. "We don’t do that lightly," RNC chief counsel Sean Cairncross said. ‘It’s a lie, it’s irresponsible’ All this leaves leaders of ACORN – formally known as the Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now – agape. "It’s pretty shocking that anyone would say such a thing," said Bertha Lewis, interim chief organizer for National ACORN, of Diaz’s assertion. "It’s a lie, it’s irresponsible, and I’m really disappointed that they would say such a thing. What’s the meaning of quasi-criminal anyway?" Cairncross accused ACORN of engaging in a "systematic effort to undermine the election process" through its voter-registration drives. Media reports have cited problems in 12 states, in which registration cards submitted by ACORN were incomplete or had false or duplicate names or were turned in without a person’s knowledge. 1.3 million voters registered Much of the political attention has stemmed from a program in Nevada, where ACORN hired 59 inmates in a work program to help register voters. The state attorney general halted the program. Nevada authorities last week seized records from ACORN’s Las Vegas office after accusing the group of submitting fraudulent registration forms, which included names of players for the Dallas Cowboys. State officials in North Carolina and county officials in Missouri are also investigating registrations submitted by ACORN. ACORN has helped register 1.3 million voters in 21 states and routinely notifies local officials of incomplete or suspicious registration cards, Lewis said in a recent interview. She said local election officials sometimes use those cards to "come back weeks or months later and accuse us of deliberately turning in phony cards." In a statement, Lewis said that "groups threatened by our historic success" have gone after ACORN because of whom the group registers: As many as 70 percent of the new voters are minorities, and half are younger than 30. Linked to meltdown The McCain campaign also has sought to link ACORN to the financial crisis. One of the campaign’s online ads says that the Chicago chapter of the group was engaged in "bullying banks" to issue "risky" mortgages, "the same type of loans that caused the financial crisis we’re in today," the ad’s narrator says. ACORN officials acknowledge that the group lobbied for passage of the Community Reinvestment Act in 1977, which required banks to try to increase lending to low-income home buyers. The group also urged banks, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to loosen requirements on mortgages available to low-income applicants. But ACORN officials, supported by several economists, say it is absurd to blame the crisis on the Community Reinvestment Act, which has been in place for decades. They also note that much of the subprime lending came from investment banks not under the act’s jurisdiction. In fact, they say, they have been pressuring federal regulators since 1999 to crack down on many of the institutions that provided subprime loans. "ACORN, more than any other group, pleaded with regulators . . . to please, please regulate these institutions because they were stealing market share from banks that were making safe loans and inflating housing prices," said Mike Shea, executive director of ACORN Housing. ACORN fired back Monday at the McCain campaign, releasing a 2006 photo of the Arizona senator delivering the keynote speech at a pro-immigration rally in Miami that the group sponsored. "Maybe it is out of desperation that Sen. McCain has forgotten that he was for ACORN before he was against ACORN," Lewis said. Republicans have often pointed to links between ACORN and Obama. The McCain campaign has asserted that Obama once represented ACORN in court and did work for it and that it is an arm of his campaign, with Obama trying to conceal an $800,000 payment to the organization for campaign work. Obama’s presidential campaign was endorsed by ACORN’s political action committee. And Obama campaign officials acknowledged paying a group affiliated with ACORN more than $800,000 to conduct get-out-the-vote operations during the Democratic primaries in Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana and Texas. The campaign said $80,000 of that money went directly to ACORN. Early in Obama’s career, he took part in training sessions for ACORN staff members in Chicago, according to campaign and ACORN officials. And in 1995, Obama was one of three lawyers from the law firm of Miner, Barnhill and Galland assigned to represent a coalition of organizations suing the state of Illinois over failure to implement the National Voter Registration Act, or the motor-voter law. The groups included ACORN, the League of Women Voters and the U.S. Justice Department. Part 4: San Francisco Chronicle Voter fraud called a minor issue for November Zachary Coile, Chronicle Washington Bureau Thursday, October 16, 2008________________________________________ (10-16) 04:00 PDT Washington – — By focusing attention on false voter registration forms filed by the liberal group ACORN, Republicans and Arizona Sen. John McCain are raising alarm bells about the potential for widespread voter fraud this fall. But election experts say the chances for significant voter fraud in November are slim. Most of the false or duplicate names – such as "Mickey Mouse" and the starting lineup of the Dallas Cowboys – are already being struck from voter rolls by election boards. Election experts say that while there have been isolated cases of voter fraud in recent history, it’s virtually impossible to pull off large-scale voter fraud without being discovered. "Is it going to cause headaches for election officials? Yes," said Richard L. Hasen, a professor at Loyola Law School and a specialist in election law. "Are they going to have duplicate or false names in their registration databases? Yes. Is it going to change the election outcome? No. … Duplicate registrations don’t lead to fraudulent votes being cast. You don’t get Joe Montana voting 400 times even if he’s registered 400 times in San Francisco." McCain used Wednesday’s final presidential debate to try to tie Obama to the controversy over ACORN, The Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now, which has endorsed the Democrat for president and registered 1.3 million voters over the last two years. McCain said the group is "now on the verge of maybe perpetrating one of the greatest frauds in voter history in this country." He also alluded to the fact that Obama’s campaign had paid a firm affiliated with ACORN $800,000 earlier this year for get-out-the-vote efforts. Obama downplayed his ties to the group, noting that he represented ACORN as a lawyer in the mid-1990s in a lawsuit to force Illinois to implement a federal law allowing voters to register to vote when they applied for a driver’s license. "ACORN is a community organization. Apparently what they have done is they were paying people to go out and register folks," Obama replied. "Apparently, some of the people who were out there didn’t really register people, they just filled out a bunch of names. It had nothing to do with us." Obama’s campaign manager, David Plouffe, hit back on the issue this week, warning that Republicans planned to use the ACORN controversy as a prelude to begin legal challenges to purge voters – many of them newly added Democratic voters – from the rolls. "This is just the start of what is going to be a very deliberate and cynical attempt to try and create confusion and challenge people inappropriately," Plouffe said. Doug Chapin, director of electionline.org, a group that tracks election reform issues, said the skirmish over ACORN is part of a long-running battle between the parties, with Republicans demanding tougher rules on voter registration to prevent voter fraud and Democrats warning against efforts that could knock legitimate voters off the rolls. "ACORN has become a rope in the tug of war between the two parties over voter registration," Chapin said. He said there’s little evidence to back up claims of massive voter fraud or voter suppression efforts this year. He said both parties are jockeying for political and legal advantage with court challenges looming in battleground states over who is and who isn’t eligible to vote. The GOP won a round on Tuesday when the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that Ohio Secretary of State Jennifer Brunner, a Democrat, must set up new checks to verify whether new voters are eligible. Ohio Republicans are also helping voters sue local election boards over registration rules and absentee ballot requests. Republicans are likely to keep the focus on the allegations against ACORN. In Philadelphia, city officials have identified at least 8,000 suspicious ballots turned in by the group, and 1,500 have been handed over to the district attorney’s office. In Nevada, the group hired 59 prisoners to collect voter registration forms and one prisoner told authorities that inmates filled out many false names, including the Cowboys football roster, because they "were not interested in working and just wanted to make money." In Ohio, a Cleveland man told a local election board that ACORN workers urged him to sign 73 different voter registration forms – all in his own name. The workers involved have since been fired. ACORN officials insist that the vast majority of their registration cards were accurate. "Out of 13,000 workers, there were inevitably a few who decided they’d try to pad their hours by duplicating a card and filling out another one or making up a name," said Kevin Whelan, an organizer for the group in Minneapolis. He added that ACORN officials will alert election boards to forms that look suspect. Stephen Weir, the clerk-recorder and registrar of voters for Contra Costa County and the former president of the California Association of Clerks and Election Officials, said large voter registration drives often produce some false or duplicate registrations. But he noted that election officials have systems in place to make sure each voter is eligible. The Help America Vote Act, passed by Congress in 2002 after the 2000 election debacle in Florida, required that new voter registrations include a "unique identifier" – a driver’s license number or the last four digits of the Social Security number – to verify the voter’s identity. "It’s not like you can just make this stuff up and, voila, you are a registered voter," Weir said. "You’ve got to be pretty clever to steal an ‘identifier’ to steal a vote. You have to have one of those identifiers. If you don’t, that’s going to stop the process." E-mail Zachary Coile at zcoile@sfchronicle.com. This entry was posted in Community Organizing, Ideas and Issues by wade. Bookmark the permalink.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line627
__label__wiki	0.590943	0.590943	Integrating the Suburbs Posted on September 3, 2015 by Wade Integrating the Suburbs Play Now \| Play in Popup \| Download Kiln, Mississippi Peter Drier, comrade, housing expert, and professor at Occidental College in Los Angeles, made an interesting point in a piece he wrote recently about segregation. Reflecting on Ferguson, Missouri, although it could have been hundreds of places he wrote: Sociologists have invented a way to measure segregation called the “index of dissimilarity,” which shows the percentage of black (or Latino, or Asian) households that would have to move to achieve racial balance across the region. In the St. Louis area, at least 70 percent of all black families would have to move if every part of the metro area was to have a mix of black and white families that reflects their proportion in the entire region. We’re talking Katrina-level displacement in one urban area after another. Little surprise that most community-based organizations concentrate on improving the communities where low-and-moderate income families, who are often also minorities, live, rather than making their major campaign integrating the suburbs. Drier is clear that if that were our mission, we would be taking on a mission of Herculean proportions. Our people can’t handle the sticker shock of the suburbs, when means finding affordable apartments, but …there simply aren’t enough apartment units in most suburbs, especially the more affluent ones. This is due to the widespread practice of suburban “exclusionary zoning”—not only in St. Louis, but in most metro areas. Rentals comprise half of all housing units in cities, but only one-quarter of those in suburbs, and many suburbs have almost no rental housing at all. The Section 8 program won’t help break down residential segregation if there aren’t enough suburban apartments to rent. It would be like giving people food stamps when the supermarket shelves are empty. The last nationwide study of the Section 8 program’s success rate, conducted in 2000, found that 31 percent of families with Section 8 vouchers couldn’t find an apartment to rent, but the figure varied from city to city; in Los Angeles, 53 percent of families with vouchers had to return them unused; in New York City, 43 percent of the families with vouchers came back empty-handed. The scarcity of apartments was certainly the major cause of families’ inability to take advantage of their housing subsidy, but racism played a role, too; the 2000 study found that whites had a higher success rate than blacks of using their Section 8 subsidy to rent an apartment. There are things that can be done, and Peter lists several of them. We can “ban discrimination by landlords,” and recent decisions of the United States Supreme Court should technically make that easier to do so because we would only have to prove “disparate impact,” rather than deliberate intent. But, private landlords do not have to accept Section 8 vouchers, the program is voluntary for them, so it would only be possible to punish landlords who were willing to allow Section 8 in the first place. Secondly, we could mandate that suburbs have to build a certain number of apartments not simply that a small number of any that are built have to be reserved as affordable. Thirdly, we could greatly expand the number of Section 8 vouchers. Though Section 8 is one of the largest housing programs for low-income families, it is based on a lottery and is not an entitlement only benefiting about 25% of those eligible, and that’s if they can find a place to use their vouchers, which many cannot. This is a vicious cycle that returns us back to square one in many cases. We can hold our breath, but few of these recommendations are likely to find enough love in Congress and its Republican majority that survives largely because of its firm commitment to racial gerrymandering constructed on a legacy of racial segregation in suburban and exurban metropolitan areas that is vital to their future as well. Absent a new civil rights movement focused on integrating the suburbs and based on a consensus about its need and desirability that does not exist today, count on the “dissimilarity index” and the putative Republican majority both coexisting happily for years to come, even if a sad situation for the rest of us. This entry was posted in Citizen Wealth, Financial Justice, Ideas and Issues and tagged affordable housing, housing, section 8, segregation by Wade. Bookmark the permalink.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line628
__label__wiki	0.683767	0.683767	Theory and Theology in Chinese Literary Studies June 16, 2019 Katy Wright-Bushman By Sharon Kim In the People’s Republic of China, university students take required courses in Marxist ideology, and scholarly publications are monitored in relation to Marxist structures of thought. Under the leadership of Chairman Mao (1949-1976), Christianity was commonly described as an opiate for the masses, a residue of European feudalism, or a tool of Western imperialism. Religion as a research subject was taboo, subject to censorship. Yet beginning in the 1980’s, Chinese intellectuals have shown a deep interest in Christian theology, reading avidly among western theologians such as Augustine, Karl Barth, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, and John Milbank. These scholars have not sought to denigrate religion but to find within it sources of insight into the modern condition. What makes these studies remarkable is not simply that they exist in an inhospitable context, but that they adopt theology in ways usually limited in the United States to religious believers. In Chinese literary studies, secular scholars have engaged in theological readings of literature in much the same way that there are feminist, post-colonial, or ecocritical readings. Some deliberately combine theology with literary theory in their work: an ambidextrous approach that is rare—and perhaps even incomprehensible—in mainstream American literary studies today. Although such work exists in the United States, it does so in the margins. Standard textbooks and anthologies, for example, exclude theology as a contemporary factor in literary studies, and journals such as Christianity and Literature are housed at religious institutions. The Chinese intellectuals, however, are based at major universities such as Renmin University of China, which has a stature comparable to an Ivy League school. Officially the most Marxist of Chinese universities, it nonetheless provides an institutional home for the top three intellectuals associated with theological studies; it also publishes a premier journal in that field. The Chinese scholars involved in this work are not church-affiliated intellectuals, yet they take seriously the contributions of religion to the extent of adopting theology into intellectual practice. Some theological concepts that have attracted the Chinese include kenosis (the divine self-emptying of Christ), Scriptural Reasoning, inculturation, and Karl Barth’s distinction between the word of God and human discourse. Although scholars have different reasons for reading theology, it seems to provide a methodology of intellectual freedom: a counter-balance to Marxist views on scientific rationality and a corrective to the overly-proscribed guidelines associated with the Cultural Revolution. By acknowledging human finitude before the divine, theology enables critical reflection in China instead of suspending it. It is the corrective to intellectual dogma as well as political. Literature has played an important role in this development. Liu Xiaofeng’s groundbreaking work in intellectual theology, Deliverance and Dallying (Zhengjiu yu xiaoyao, 1988), was published as a study in comparative poetry. Liu first encountered Christianity not through missionaries or clergy but through his studies: in the novels of Dostoevsky and Hugo, in philosophical writings by Pascal and Kierkegaard. Similarly, Yang Huilin, currently the most active and influential of the intellectuals addressing theology in mainland China, is a professor of Comparative Literature and Religion. Major international conferences held in China and featuring discussion of theology were organized by comparative literature or foreign literature associations. Literature seems to have provided a cover for the study of religion, deflecting censorship and legitimizing the careful consideration of theology. While theology is not recognized as an academic discipline in China, the study of it has flourished within fields such as literature, philosophy, sociology, and cultural studies. Literary studies has proven particularly hospitable. Since ancient times, literature and religion have long been interconnected in China, and for Yang Huilin and others, the theological reading of texts finds a precedent in the Chinese concept of "jing," 经. “Jing” refers to the canon of Chinese classics (Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist), but it is also used to translate the English word “Bible” or “Scripture” into Chinese. The convergence of literature and religion in “jing” has produced a centuries-old literati culture that unites reading and identity formation. Similar to the Christian tradition of forming the spiritual self through careful readings of the Bible, the Chinese “jingxue,” or study of the classics, aimed to cultivate a fully-rounded human being, equally developed in terms of wisdom, teaching, and moral behavior. To study the classics was to deepen the moral nature as well as to advance as a literary scholar. In essays such as “The Value of Theology in the Humanities,” Yang identifies three areas in which the humanities can interact fruitfully with theology: theological hermeneutics, theological ethics, and theological aesthetics. Together, these avenues develop the intellectual, ethical, and emotional dimensions of the human through knowing (zhi), moral will (yi), and the emotions (qing). In his essay “The Potential Value of Contemporary Theology for Literary Theories,” Yang Huilin observes that contemporary theology and literary theory have both had to confront the same crisis of meaning prompted by postmodern thought; for this reason, theology can enter meaningfully into the sphere of literary theory and also speak into contemporary thought. During the 1990s, Yang placed theology in critical dialogue with postmodern theory, arriving at insightful, theologically-based responses to Derrida, Foucault, and others that parallel the responses created in the United States but were, until recently, unknown in the United States. Yang advocates a purely secular study of theology. As the former Vice President of Renmin University of China, and a member of the Communist Party, Yang adheres to Marxist ideology and is not interested in adopting or promoting a personal Christian belief. Yet remarkably, his idea of secular study does not evacuate Christian theology of its nature as an approach to absolute truth in Christ. Yang and Liu have both been careful to affirm the divine and absolute dimension of theology and to oppose attempts to reduce theology to an ethics, even though both have sought to derive lessons applicable to Chinese society. This version of a secular study of theology is so respectful of religious belief that it presents a fascinating manifestation of the post-secular. The Chinese government enforces a Marxist secularity over academic programs, publications, and conferences, yet the work of these Chinese scholars opens post-secular vistas within that structure. The same government that in 2018 initiated the burning of crosses, demolishing of church buildings, and imprisonment of prominent pastors, also funds new projects in “Literature and Religion” through the prestigious National Social Science Foundation of China and has awarded large grants for the creation of research databases in Theology and the Humanities. The recent and conspicuous crackdown on religious freedom co-exists in China with vibrant theological conversations in literature. What is more, the study of Christianity has drawn increased numbers of younger scholars in China, and research suggests that they are more open than the senior-level scholars to having a personal religious faith. As Christianity grows in China— one estimate is 67 million Christians in the PRC—, the typical Chinese Christian has an advanced education and a strong social consciousness. This demographic reality will likely fuel new developments in the study of Christianity and Literature, both through the rise of Chinese Christian literature and in alternative theoretical models for approaching it. In the 1980s and 1990s, Yang Huilin, Liu Xiaofeng, and others sought to legitimize the intellectual study of religion and theology in China, using literature as the field in which to do so. How the next generation builds on the foundation of the older generation will be interesting to watch. The post above is adapted from the author's article, “Introduction to Theory and Theology in Chinese Literary Studies: An Early Map” published in Christianity & Literature 68.1 (December 2019). Read the full article by subscribing to Christianity & Literature or through your academic institution's academic database subscription. ← Beauty and Madness: Caesar’s Things, a Christian Novel by Zelda FitzgeraldNotes from “'The sacred idiom shorn of its referents': An Apophatic Reading of The Road" →	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line632
__label__wiki	0.55541	0.55541	Christians in the Mirror Visit Our Facebook Page Visit Our Instagram Page A young girl inside one of the Christian refugee camps in Erbil, Iraq Erbil, Iraq refugee camp, early evening mass and Marian procession on the feast of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary Inside a destroyed church in Qaraqosh, Iraq, where statues were often used as shooting practice by ISIS Grave in Qaraqosh, Iraq A destroyed church in Bartallah, Iraq The Nineveh Plain Erbil, Iraq refugee camp Christian IDP/Refugee camp in Erbil, Iraq The level of persecution in Iraq is extreme. With some of the oldest continuous Christians communities in the world, Iraq is one of the ancient homelands of Christianity. Christians are attacked by many radical groups, such as ISIS, and by political and religious leaders in the country. Christians and other religious minorities are targets for kidnappings and killings, and are threatened to leave the region. They may not proselytize and doing so often results in death. Prior to 2003, Christians constituted one of the largest minorities, numbering approximately 1.5 million. With events over the past decade and the genocidal campaigns of ISIS, now only 200,000 remain, mostly living as internally-displaced persons (IDPs). Iraq’s Christians are ethnically and religious diverse; they include Assyrian, Chaldean, Armenian, Syriac Orthodox and Catholic communities and Protestant and Evangelical denominations. They speak different dialects of Aramaic and Armenian. Please support Christians in Iraq. Egypt played a significant role since the early history of Christianity, going as far back as the Holy Family fleeing to Egypt. Coptic (derived from Greek word meaning “Egyptian”) Christians number roughly 12 million, about 10% of Egypt’s population and the largest group of Christians in the Middle East. With the violence of civil war and ISIS in recent years, Syria has been become a devastation. Until 2011, Syria’s Christians comprised 10% of the population, approximately two million. Syrians now are one of the largest refugee groups, but many still live around Damascus and Aleppo. Erbil, Iraq A woman poses for a photo inside the Christian refugee camp in Erbil, Iraq. Join Our Email! © 2019 Christians in the Mirror and Persecuted but not Forgotten are Registered Trademarks. All rights reserved.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line633
__label__wiki	0.592409	0.592409	Month: Oct 2014 This Fight Lacks The Bite: Quick Thoughts On The 2014 FIFA Ballon D’Or Nominees. It looks like the invitations for the Englishmen got lost in the post yet again. What’s new, pussycat? However, what really gets my goat is the absence, or should I say obvious exclusion of Luis Suarez from the list. Yes, he did channel his inner Hannibal Lecter yet again during the 2014 World Cup, but that doesn’t change the fact that he was far and away the standout player in the English Premier League for the 2013-2014 season. A moment of madness really should not invalidate his footballing merits. Whatever happened to the concept of fair play? Or is FIFA scared he might actually win the award if he was included in the nominees? Another notable absentee from the list is Godin. An integral player in Atletico Madrid’s La Liga winning-campaign last season and the scorer of the goal that almost won them the Champions League is not deemed worthy enough of a nomination? Rubbish. Apart from that World Cup-winning goal, I have to say that Mario Goetze has had an unremarkable season as a whole. But fine, I will throw the kid a bone as he is unlikely to win the award, anyway. Speaking of unremarkable seasons, while there is no denying the genius of Andres Iniesta, his nomination puzzled me a bit, as by his standards, he has had quite an awful season. And the same could be said with regards the whole La Roja squad, as only Sergio Ramos and Diego Costa joins Iniesta in the list. What a fall from the ex-World Champions. Yaya Toure’s nomination has made a lot of people go “WTF?”, and I have to admit that it confused me too—that is, until I saw the stat that he has actually completed the most number of passes in the course of the 2013-2014 season. The runner-up? Midfield Monster Toni Kroos. Props to him, then. You know which player really should be winning these types of awards? Philipp Lahm. An unbelievable talent and such a competent leader, and yet his stealth is what prevents him from being recognized as a mainstream great. I shall consider it a major miracle if he ends up in the Top 3, let alone wins it. It’s not at all surprising that 6 Germans have made it to the list. After all, Die Mannschaft have dethroned the Spanish NT as the Darlings of the Football World with the efficiency only the Germans can boast of. Bastian Schweinsteiger, Thomas Mueller and Toni Kroos all deserved their nominations, and it honestly wouldn’t surprise me if one of them manages to sneak into the Top 3. However, the one German that is the sentimental favourite of hardcore football fans to win it all is none other than… Manuel Neuer. Yes, the German goalkeeper. Unless you’ve been hiding under a rock for the past year or so, he is now widely considered to be the best goalkeeper in the world. Iker Casillas who? The hashtag #NeuerForBallonDOr trended for hours on Twitter after the Nominations List has been released. If only this was open for public vote, Neuer would have already won it by a landslide. Not to take anything away from Cristiano and Messi, but what would giving them another Ballon D’Or really prove, anyway? The whole world already knows that they can score loads of goals and shatter records, so isn’t it about time that another footballer gets recognized for his merits? Prediction: Cristiano, Messi and Manuel Neuer will be the Top 3. As for the winner, I reckon it will be a toss-up between Cristiano and Neuer. My head says Cristiano will take it based on his sheer popularity but my heart says Neuer deserves it more. Way more. Come on players and journalists, open up your eyes and see beyond the goals and the flash. Vote for Neuer and Save the award’s credibility. You know it makes sense. Date Oct 31, 2014 Tags 2014 ballon d'or, andres iniesta, angel di maria, arjen robben, bastian schweinsteiger, cristiano ronaldo, die mannschaft, diego costa, diego godin, eden hazard, english premier league, fifa, fifa ballon d'or, gareth bale, german nt, iker casillas, james rodriguez, javier mascherano, karim benzema, la liga, la roja, lionel messi, luis suarez, manuel neuer, mario goetze, neymar, paul pogba, philipp lahm, sergio ramos, spanish nt, thibaut courtois, thomas mueller, toni kroos, yaya toure, zlatan ibrahimovich Haiku no.32: From A Bull To A Stallion? Four times a champion Not lacking in balls and faith Destiny awaits. Tags christian horner, f1, f1 2014, formula one, red bull, red bull racing, sebastian vettel, sebastian vettel leaves red bull	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line635
__label__wiki	0.94264	0.94264	Hormuzd Masani Debabrata Mukherjee becomes chairman of Audit Bureau of Circulation Mukherjee has over 23 years of experience in the area of strategic planning, sales and marketing operations September 15, 2017, 09:02 IST Updated: September 15, 2017, 09:06 IST Debabrata Mukherjee, vice president of Coca Cola's South West Asia region operations, has been unanimously elected as the chairman of the Audit Bureau Of Circulations (ABC) for 2017-18, a release said today. Hormusji N Cama of Bombay Samachar has been unanimously elected as the deputy chairman of the Bureau, the ABC release added. Mukherjee has over 23 years of experience in the area of strategic planning, sales and marketing operations, the release said. He has headed the marketing function for Coca-Cola in India and South Korea and has also played a leading role in setting up sales and distribution operations in key regions in India, the release said. He is currently responsible for driving sustainable accelerated growth in the key South West Asia markets of Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives, it added. Members on the ABC's Council of Management for the year 2017-2018 are: Advertisers' representatives: Debabrata Mukherjee (Coca Cola India Pvt Ltd), Hemant Malik (ITC Ltd), Sandip Tarkas, Mayank Pareek (Tata Motors Ltd). Publishers' representatives: Hormusji N Cama (The Bombay Samachar Pvt Ltd) I Venkat (Ushodaya Enterprises Pvt Ltd), Shailesh Gupta (Jagran Prakashan Ltd), Devendra V Darda, (Lokmat Media Pvt Ltd), Benoy Roychowdhury (HT Media Ltd), Chandan Majumdar (ABP Pvt Ltd), Raj Kumar Jain (Bennett, Coleman & Co Ltd) and Pratap G Pawar (Sakal Papers Pvt Ltd) Advertising agencies' representatives: Madhukar Kamath (DDB Mudra Pvt Ltd), Shashidhar Sinha (IPG Mediabrands, India) Srinivasan K Swamy (RK Swamy BBDO Pvt Ltd) and CVL Srinivas (Group M Media India Pvt Ltd). Hormuzd Masani will be the Secretary General. The ABC is a voluntary organisation consisting of publishers, advertisers and advertising agencies as members and works in developing audit procedures to certify the circulation figures of publications which are its members. MP RT Debabrata Mukherjee Audit Bureau Of Circulations Media / 2 hours ago	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line636
__label__cc	0.63217	0.36783	Pre-Fall 2018 > The Curricular Proposals and Recommendations approved by Academic Council on April 8, 2003, created a system in which committees composed of faculty from multiple departments take responsibility for selecting and monitoring all courses that are designated as fulfilling a core curriculum requirement. In April 2014, Academic Council approved the Moreau First Year Experience as an addition to the core curriculum; the change took effect with the first-year class who entered the University in academic year 2015–16. All first-year students are now required to complete the year-long, two-course sequence as a unique curricular element. A common syllabus is utilized in these courses, and specific content is managed collaboratively by the Center for University Advising and the Division of Student Affairs in lieu of a specific core curriculum subcommittee. I. The Core Requirements and Designated Academic Units II. Formulation of a Rationale for Each Core Requirement III. Core Curriculum Subcommittees (CCS) IV. On the Composition of Core Curriculum Subcommittees V. The Role of the Core Curriculum Subcommittees VI. Core Curriculum Committee (CCC) VII. The Role of the Core Curriculum Committee VIII. The Moreau First Year Experience The following is a list of the core requirements and the academic unit or units which normally offer courses fulfilling that requirement. The latter will be referred to as the designated academic unit(s), or just designated unit(s), for that requirement. Writing and Rhetoric – The University Writing Program Fine Arts – The Department of Art, Art History, and Design; the Creative Writing component of the Department of English; the Department of Film, Television, and Theatre; and the Department of Music History – The Department of History Literature – The Departments of Classics, East Asian Languages and Cultures, English, German and Russian Languages and Literatures, and Romance Languages and Literatures Mathematics – The Department of Mathematics Philosophy – The Department of Philosophy Science – The Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Physics, and Preprofessional Studies and the Environmental Geosciences component of the Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences Social Science – The Departments of Anthropology, Economics, Political Science, Psychology, and Sociology Theology – The Department of Theology University Seminar – A University Seminar may fulfill any of the above requirements for which there is a significant writing component, except Composition. For a particular University Seminar offering, the designated unit will be the one designated for the requirement the seminar is designed to fulfill. For each core requirement, a brief rationale (roughly 1-2 pages) will be formulated stating the contribution that the required course will make to a student’s education. It will state the knowledge, skills, experiences, etc. that students should acquire through the course or courses that will satisfy this requirement. Once rationales are approved, a course which fulfills a core requirement will be directed to imparting to students the knowledge, skills, experiences, etc. specified in the rationale for that requirement. The rationale will be drafted either by a department or a drafting committee, as specified below for each core requirement. The department or committee will draft the rationale and send it to the Core Curriculum Committee (see section VI below) for comment. The Core Curriculum Committee may make suggestions for possible changes, and the relevant department or drafting committee will make changes as it deems appropriate. The final version will then be sent to the Academic Council for approval. The Academic Council may make changes to the proposed rationale, but only after consulting the relevant department or drafting committee. The drafting of a rationale for each core requirement will be done by the following bodies: History, Mathematics, Philosophy, and Theology – The designated department will draft the rationale in a manner determined by the Departmental Chair. Fine Arts, Literature, and Social Science – For each core requirement, the Dean of the College of Arts and Letters will appoint a drafting committee, which will include representatives from each department designated for that requirement. The Dean will also appoint one member of the committee to serve as the chair. Science – The drafting committee will be chaired by the Dean of the College of Science. The Dean of Science will appoint two faculty members of the designated departments of the College of Science to serve on the committee. The committee will also include the Dean of the College of Engineering and one other member of the College of Engineering appointed by the Dean of Engineering. Writing and Rhetoric – The Director of the University Writing Program will chair the committee, and will appoint two other members to the committee. The Provost will appoint two other members. University Seminar – University Seminars fulfill one of the core requirements, and each University Seminar will be guided by the rationale for the requirement the course is designed to fulfill. In addition, the Core Curriculum Committee will draft a rationale for the University Seminar specifying the specific educational features all these seminars must have. III. Core Curriculum Subcommittees For each core requirement, a Core Curriculum Subcommittee (CCS) will be formed. III, (A) - (G) below describes the standard composition of such subcommittees, while IV, (A) - (D) immediately following gives notes on and possible exceptions to the standard composition. A. Writing and Rhetoric: The Director of the University Writing Program will serve as chair, and he or she will appoint two members of the subcommittee. The Provost will appoint two members from outside the University Writing Program. B. Fine Arts: The CCS will include the Chair of the Department of Art, Art History, and Design; a faculty member teaching Creative Writing in the Department of English who is appointed by the Chair of that Department; and the Chairs of the Departments of Film, Television, and Theatre and Music. The Dean of the College of Arts and Letters will appoint one of these as chair of the subcommittee. The Provost will appoint two additional members. Since this subcommittee is already inter-departmental in virtue of its ex-officio members, it is permissible though not necessary that the Provost's appointees be regular faculty within the designated units. C. History, Mathematics, Philosophy, and Theology: The CCS will be composed of five members. The chair of the CCS will be the chair of the designated department, and he or she will also appoint two other members of that department. The Provost will appoint two additional members who are regular faculty in departments other than the one designated for the requirement. D. Literature: The CCS will include the Chairs of the Departments of Classics, East Asian Languages and Cultures, English, German and Russian Languages and Literatures, and Romance Languages and Literatures. The Dean of Arts and Letters will appoint one of these to serve as chair. The Provost will appoint two additional members. Since this subcommittee is already inter-departmental in virtue of its ex-officio members, it is permissible though not necessary that the Provost's appointees be regular faculty within the designated departments. E. Science: The Chair will be the Dean of the College of Science, and he or she will appoint two other members from the designated departments of the College of Science. The Dean of the College of Engineering will also serve on this committee and appoint one other faculty member from the Engineering College to serve. F. Social Science: The CCS will include the Chairs of the Departments of Anthropology, Economics, Political Science, Psychology, and Sociology. The Dean of the College of Arts and Letters will appoint one of these to serve as chair of the CCS. The Provost will appoint two additional members. Since this subcommittee is already inter-departmental in virtue of its ex-officio members, it is permissible though not necessary that the Provost's appointees be regular faculty within the designated departments. G. University Seminar: The University Seminar will have no independent CCS, but each one will fall under the CCS for the requirement which the particular seminar is intended to fulfill. A. Provostial Appointments: In making appointments, the Provost is urged to consider various factors which would bring the optimal balance of perspectives and skills to reflection on the required courses. Ideal candidates would be those who have some expertise or at least acquaintance with the relevant field or fields, yet who can bring the perspective of another department, college, or discipline. The chair of the CCS may make recommendations to the Provost regarding these appointments. B. Designee Members: In the case of subcommittees described in (B), (C), (D), and (F) above, the Chair of a department may, with the approval of the Dean of the college of that department, designate a member of that department to serve on the subcommittee in his or her place. In the case of the Science subcommittee (E), the Dean of the College of Science and the Dean of the College of Engineering each may, with the approval of the Provost, designate a member of his or her respective college to serve in his or her place. C. Term of Members: The term of Departmental Chairs and Deans on these CCSs will be for as long as they hold these offices. Those appointed by the Provost, a Departmental Chair, or Dean will serve for a three-year renewable term. D. Size and Composition of Subcommittee: With the approval of the Provost, the size and composition of a subcommittee may be altered to achieve the optimal balance of members. However, for any subcommittee it is necessary that the majority of members are from the designated academic units, and the subcommittee is chaired by a chair of a designated department or a designee, or, in the case of Science, by the Dean of the College or a designee, or, in the case of Writing and Rhetoric, by the Director of the University Writing Program. Each CCS will seek appropriate ways to enhance teaching and learning in the courses fulfilling the requirement under its purview and to ensure that they accord with the rationale for that requirement. Each CCS has a judicial role of approving or denying approval to courses proposed to fulfill the relevant course university requirement, and the formal process for this approval is described below. However, the CCS must also see its role as providing assistance, encouragement, and advice to individual faculty on how their proposed course might more effectively attain the goals specified in the rationale. CCSs, then, are urged to work with faculty to help them improve their courses, and not simply render judgments on them. Courses proposed to fulfill a core requirement must be approved in one of the following ways: A. Approval of a Course Proposed by a Member of the Designated Department(s) or Unit(s) These procedures are used by a faculty member with a regular or concurrent appointment in the department, or one of the departments, or another academic unit designated for the relevant core requirement. Normal Procedure for Approval: An instructor, with the approval of his or her departmental chair, submits a syllabus or other appropriate description of the course to the CCS. The deadline for submission will be determined by the relevant subcommittee. The CCS then considers whether the proposed course can be expected to meet the objectives specified in the rationale. The CCS may ask for more information from the instructor, or may suggest ways in which the course might be enhanced and ask the instructor to resubmit the syllabus or course description. The CCS then decides by a majority vote whether the course will be approved. In case of a tie vote, the course is not approved. The CCS is encouraged to work with the instructor to make the course acceptable to fulfill the requirement. However, if the CCS finally does not approve, it gives its reasons in writing to the instructor. Once a course is approved, another instructor from a unit designated for that requirement may teach the course without seeking further approval, provided that the instructor retains the syllabus or course description under which it was originally approved. Exceptional Procedure for Approval: a. A course may be proposed too late to be reviewed by the CCS (as may happen, for example, when a new faculty member is hired, or a visitor offers a course). In this case the chair of the relevant CCS may approve the course for one semester. The chair will inform the subcommittee of his or her decision and the reasons for it. The subcommittee must approve the course before it can be offered again to fulfill the relevant requirement. b. A course taught at another institution may be proposed to fulfill a core requirement by a transfer student or a participant in a foreign study program. The Core Curriculum Committee will be charged to formulate procedures and guidelines for approving such courses (see section VII.C below). Until those procedures are formulated, the Chair of the CCS may approve such courses in consultation with the CCS. B. Approval of a Course Proposed by a Faculty Member Outside the Designated Department(s) or Unit(s) Faculty without a regular or concurrent appointment in the designated department(s) or unit(s) may propose a course to the CCS as fulfilling the relevant core requirement. In this case, although it is not an absolute requirement, the presumption will be that the instructor proposing the course has a Ph.D. or other appropriate terminal degree which would qualify him or her to teach the course in a manner that would satisfy the relevant rationale. The CCS then decides by a majority vote whether the course will be approved. In case of a tie vote, the course is not approved. If the CCS feels the faculty member is qualified to teach the course, it is encouraged to work with the instructor to make the course acceptable to fulfill the requirement. However, if the CCS finally does not approve, it gives its reasons in writing to the instructor. C. Review of Previously Approved Courses An instructor teaching a course in successive semesters will normally make adjustments and improvements in it, and it is not necessary to seek approval from the CCS after each change. However, each CCS will establish a cycle of review for approved courses every three years. For such a review, the instructor will submit his or her current syllabus or course description along with a statement of what changes have been made since it was approved and a brief account of what the instructor has found successful in the course and what challenges remain. In this review the CCS should ensure that the course continues to achieve the goals set forth in the rationale for the requirement, but it should also see the review as an opportunity to enhance instruction. If an innovative component of a course has proven particularly successful, the committee should take note of this and pass the information on to faculty teaching similar courses; if a course has proven unsuccessful in certain respects, the committee should offer suggestion on how to improve it. A Core Curriculum Committee (CCC) will consist of an Associate Provost designated by the Provost, the chairs of the nine CCSs, the Dean of the First Year of Studies, the Academic Commissioner of Student Government, and up to five faculty members appointed by the Provost which will include representatives from the Mendoza College of Business, the College of Engineering, and the College of Science. The Associate Provost will serve as chair of the committee. The Core Curriculum Committee (CCC) is the body concerned with the core requirements as a whole. Its specific responsibilities are the following: A. Seek Ways to Enhance Learning in the Core Requirements: The committee will be concerned with the core requirements as a whole. It will promote the creation of new courses, foster excellence of instruction in new and existing courses, advocate for the needs of faculty and students in them, and generate proposals to improve teaching and learning in these courses, such as proposals for interdisciplinary and multi-disciplinary courses, innovative approaches to teaching, or more effective use of faculty resources. In this capacity, the CCC will make recommendations as appropriate to the Academic Council, the Provost (see VII.D below), a Dean, a Departmental Chair or department, faculty, or another relevant unit or individual(s). B. Hear Appeals of Proposals to CCSs: If a faculty member proposes a course to a CCS and the subcommittee’s final judgement is negative, the faculty member may appeal to the Core Curriculum Committee. The CCC will consider the written judgement of the CCS, the faculty member’s response, and may consult the CCS and the faculty member further. The CCC can by a majority vote refer the decision back to the CCS for reconsideration. C. Approval of Credit for Core Requirements for Courses Taught at Other Institutions: The CCC should consider procedures and guidelines for approving courses for credit for core requirements which are taught at other institutions, as is necessary in the case of transfer students and participants in foreign study programs. It should work with the various CCSs to establish guidelines and procedures which are clear, fair, and consistent. D. Submit Annual Report to the Provost’s Office: Each year the Core Curriculum Committee will submit to the Provost’s Office a report on instruction in the core requirements, and send a copy to the Undergraduate Studies Committee of the Academic Council. The report will include data on the availability of classes fulfilling core requirements, size of classes, indications of the quality of learning, measures of student satisfaction, and suggestions and proposals about ways in which education of students in these courses can be improved. The Moreau First Year Experience is inspired by the pedagogical vision of Blessed Basil Moreau, professor, priest, and founder of the Congregation of Holy Cross. A two-semester, graded course sequence—FYS 10101 in fall (one credit) and FYS 10102 in spring (one credit)—it helps new students to integrate their academic, co-curricular, and residential experiences. The Moreau syllabus, common to all sections of the two courses, is organized around multiple themes, including orientation to University life, health and wellbeing, community standards, cultural competence, academic success, spiritual life, and discernment. They build upon the Five Pillars of a Holy Cross Education as distilled from Fr. Moreau’s writings: mind, heart, zeal, family, and hope. As Fr. Moreau said in Christian Education, “Education is the art of helping young people to completeness.” The Moreau First Year Experience is an important step in the journey towards an interconnected and purposeful education in which students, regardless of their faith tradition or beliefs, conceive of their education as a holistic development. Through their Moreau courses, students come to understand the complexity and expectations of the Notre Dame community, take advantage of crucial academic and University resources, learn how to cultivate and maintain a healthy and well-balanced lifestyle, become aware of and engage with a variety of communities, heighten their understanding of diversity and inclusion, and think deeply about their academic, creative, professional, and spiritual lives. A collaborative effort between the Center for University Advising and the Division of Student Affairs, the Moreau First Year Experience speaks to several imperatives of the University’s strategic plan. In particular, the courses embody the idea that Notre Dame’s Catholic character should inform all its endeavors; nurture the formation of mind, body, and spirit; enrich the integration of intellectual, extracurricular, and residential experiences; and deepen the potential of cross-cultural engagement. Moreau instructors—faculty and professionals representing more than 50 campus units—facilitate weekly discussions and guide students through this experience, drawing on three key principles: Integrative, Student-Centered Learning: By using a flipped classroom model, students preview materials (texts, articles, videos, etc.) common to all sections in advance of class and prepare short written prompts. The small class size (fewer than 20 students) is conducive to in-class discussions that allow classmates to engage each other and the materials, raise concerns and questions, and make connections to related content as well as to their own experiences on campus. Discussions also underscore important, recurring themes and call attention to campus resources, activities, and events. Through ePortfolio assignments and optional digital badges, students reflect in a thoroughly integrative fashion, not only using both text and media, but also making connections between ideas and experiences inside, outside, and across classes. Comprehensive Mastery: Students are expected to succeed in this class, as they are truly at the center of the experience, learning more about themselves, the Notre Dame community, and a myriad of communities with which they will have interactions. Course topics reinforce the skills, knowledge, and dispositions needed for a successful collegiate experience as well as a broad understanding of issues facing college students more generally. Critical, Independent Thinking: The topics of the Moreau First Year Experience have emerged recently in national discussions of higher education. The course materials present diverse and sometimes controversial opinions and research. Students are challenged to think critically and independently about the readings and viewings of the course, to develop their own opinions, to listen attentively, and to respond respectfully to others. Rationales Starting Fall 2018 Moreau First Year Experience University Seminar Core Curriculum Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA Phone 574.631.5716 corefaqs@nd.edu	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line637
__label__wiki	0.986889	0.986889	Zimbabwe's Exiled Press Uprooted journalists struggle to keep careers, independent reporting alive. Sandra Nyaira was on a career high when she left Zimbabwe three years ago. For her work as political editor of the country's leading independent newspaper the Daily News, she had earned a prestigious Courage in Journalism Award from the Washington-based International Women's Media Foundation. After traveling to the United States to receive the prize, Nyaira attended the journalism master's program at City University in London on a scholarship. Nyaira expected to be back at her job in Zimbabwe in a year. She has yet to return. President Robert Mugabe's government, after several unsuccessful attempts to muzzle the Daily News, finally succeeded in closing the popular daily in 2003 amid an escalating crackdown on the independent media. Family and colleagues warned Nyaira, who had already been arrested once on criminal defamation charges, that it would be foolhardy to return home. Now Nyaira lives in Somerset, England, eking out a living doing odd jobs. She wonders at age 30 whether the career at which she excelled--the one for which she once risked her freedom--will be open to her again. "We're rotting away here," said Nyaira, referring to her exiled Zimbabwean colleagues. At least 90 Zimbabwean journalists, including many of the nation's most prominent reporters, now live in exile in South Africa, other African nations, the United Kingdom, and the United States, making it one of the largest groups of exiled journalists in the world, an analysis by the Committee to Protect Journalists has found. CPJ traveled to Johannesburg, South Africa, and to London, conducting 34 interviews with exiled Zimbabwean journalists, analysts, and human rights advocates. Some of these exiled journalists left as a direct result of political persecution, others because the government's crackdown virtually erased opportunities in the independent press. Authorities have routinely detained and harassed journalists in the past five years to quash reporting on human rights, economic woes, and political opposition to the regime, CPJ research has found. Repressive legislation such as the 2002 Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act criminalizes journalism without a government license. The crackdown has taken a devastating toll on Zimbabwe's independent media. Once home to a robust press corps, Zimbabwe today has no independent daily newspapers, no private radio news coverage, and just two prominent independent weeklies. Journalists remaining in Zimbabwe are either without jobs in their profession, or they work under threat of laws that, among other things, set prison terms of up to 20 years for publishing false information deemed prejudicial to the state. Zimbabwean citizens are denied access to diverse, questioning voices at a time when the Mugabe administration, emboldened by this year's election victory, wields power more aggressively than ever. For instance, the government's "Operation Murambatsvina"--or "Drive Out Trash"--has destroyed the homes and livelihoods of an estimated 700,000 Zimbabweans. Done under the guise of urban renewal, the demolitions are aimed at breaking strongholds of political opposition, critics say. Spread as far as New Zealand, the exiled journalists have made their homes among the estimated three to four million members of the Zimbabwean diaspora. Unemployment, political violence, and human rights abuses have fueled a steady stream of emigration from Zimbabwe since the late 1990s, according to a study released this year by the International Organization for Migration. The survey of 1,000 Zimbabwean expatriates in South Africa and the United Kingdom found that most are professionals, whose absence creates "concerns for the longer-term future of Zimbabwe." Zimbabwe's exiled media reflect similar patterns. Journalists such as Urginia Mauluka, a former Daily News photographer beaten and detained while covering an opposition political rally in 2001, initially left for temporary respite only to delay their return as press conditions deteriorated. Others such as Abel Mutasakani, who left for South Africa in 2004, decided that only by leaving their country could they honestly report on events in Zimbabwe. And some such as Magugu Nyathi, whose newspaper, The Tribune, was shut in 2003, saw no job prospects at home. "As professionals we said 'How do we continue?'" recalled Mutsakani, who served briefly as managing editor of the Daily News until authorities shut the paper. "I felt we had a choice. We could sit back in Zimbabwe, but that would be tantamount to surrender," Mutsakani said. Instead, he and several colleagues went to South Africa and started the Web publication, ZimOnline. But some did not have the luxury of planning an exit. In February, three Zimbabwe correspondents for foreign media outlets--Angus Shaw of The Associated Press, Bryan Latham of Bloomberg News, and Jaan Raath of The Times of London--faced imminent arrest after being accused of spying and publishing information detrimental to the state. They left behind their homes, families, and decadeslong careers. Most journalists interviewed by CPJ have found exile a bitter experience, even as they point out that they have greater security than many colleagues back home. To penetrate competitive media job markets abroad, many must secure work permits and prove their qualifications anew. A few have secured jobs with international media outlets, but most make ends meet by working in factories, service jobs, or clerical positions. "It feels very frustrating. It is very, very difficult for a foreigner to break into mainstream journalism here," said Conrad Nyamutata, former chief reporter with the Daily News who now lives in Leicester, England. "Very few of us have managed to get work in the field." The emotional cost is high as well. Dingilizwe Ntuli, a former correspondent for the Sunday Times, said that adjusting to life in South Africa and leaving his family-- including his ailing father who died before Ntuli could see him again--had thrust him into depression. "When you are forced to leave your country of birth, it is devastating," said Ntuli, whose first name means "wanderer." Though he now works again for the Times out of Johannesburg, Ntuli said he was out of the profession and disenchanted with journalism for a long period. "I felt nothing was worth living for. I gave my all to journalism and what happened? I lost my home." Zimbabwean journalists in exile stand out in size and prestige--CPJ interviewed at least four winners of international awards for this report--but their situation is not unique. A crackdown in Eritrea and the threat of imprisonment in Ethiopia spurred flights of more than two dozen journalists to Kenya, Sudan, Europe, and North America. Communities of Burmese and Cuban journalists have been publishing in exile for years, becoming valuable sources of information on their closed societies. The exodus of Zimbabwean journalists has led to the emergence of similar media-in-exile that strive to keep news flowing about their homeland. Behind the walls of a nondescript office complex on the outskirts of London, Gerry Jackson and her staff at SW Radio are fighting to broadcast within Zimbabwe. Jackson started SW Radio in 2001, after the government closed Capital Radio, her first independent radio venture in Zimbabwe. From London, SW Radio broadcasts programs into Zimbabwe in English and in the Shona and Ndebele languages. "Radio is such a lifeline to people there who feel forgotten," Jackson said. "It gives them a sense of creating dialogue." But the station suffered a major setback this year when the Zimbabwean government succeeded in jamming its shortwave broadcasts. Jackson tried to overcome the obstacle by broadcasting on multiple frequencies, but this costly arrangement proved unsustainable and the station now sends programming online and via medium wave--methods that draw very limited audiences within Zimbabwe, though accessible to the diaspora. In Johannesburg, working in an office unmarked for security reasons, editors of ZimOnline focus on getting breaking news out of Zimbabwe and into the international community. Launched in South Africa in 2004 by Zimbabwean journalists and lawyers, the site is intended to be a news service for international media to pick up "the real Zimbabwean story," according to its managing editor, Abel Mutsakani. "No news groups are allowed in Zimbabwe so news is not coming out from the ground," said Mutsakani, who relies on an in-country network of sources for information. "We want to tell the story of ordinary people, especially black Zimbabweans, who suffer the most from food shortages and unemployment." Zimbabwean law does not explicitly bar foreign publications from circulating without a license. Wilf Mbanga, a cofounder of the Daily News, used that opening to launch The Zimbabwean newspaper this year. From a small cottage in Hythe on the southern coast of England, Mbanga and his wife produce the weekly, which the couple said has a circulation of 30,000 in the United Kingdom, South Africa, and in Zimbabwe. The paper relies on largely unpaid contributions by Zimbabwean journalists in exile, as well as some anonymous reporting in the country. Mbanga, who left Zimbabwe with his wife and "one suitcase each" in 2003 to take a fellowship in the Netherlands, decided he couldn't return home after a story he published on the militant activities of youth groups in Zimbabwe landed him the official status of "enemy of the people." "While I was in the Netherlands I felt cut off from news at home," he said. "I realized I would have liked a newspaper with Zimbabwean news available for the diaspora." Media-in-exile also include Studio Seven, a radio service on the U.S.-government funded Voice of America in Washington that is staffed mainly by exiled Zimbabwean journalists. An online version of the Daily News is produced out of South Africa, while NewZimbabwe.com, featuring tabloid-style news and commentary online, is produced out of Wales. In August, Zimbabwean journalists in London launched Zimbeat.com, a news, culture, and commentary Web site. Mugabe's government has taken notice. The state-owned Herald newspaper has published articles lambasting The Zimbabwean as "a propaganda tool for the former colonial power Britain." Despite their growth, the exile media face serious challenges. Reliant on private donations and charitable foundations, with little or no advertising revenue, they struggle to be financially viable. And while these outlets have had success reaching the diaspora, their reach within Zimbabwe is limited to urban and affluent populations. With shoestring budgets, limited access to government information, and few fact-checking resources, some exile media also struggle to establish credibility. Pervasive anonymity in their reports exacerbates the problem. To protect sources in Zimbabwe and family members back home, many contributors to The Zimbabwean use pseudonyms while ZimOnline does not use bylines at all. "It is easy for the government to discredit an unknown voice coming from so far away," said Geoffrey Nyarota, former editor-in-chief of the Daily News, who has been in exile in the United States since December 2002. Still, the exile media play an important role for the diaspora. Daniel Mololeke, who recently launched an organization of expatriate Zimbabwean journalists called the Media Reference Group, said the exile media maintain unity and build identity in the diaspora. "Media is the glue that holds Zimbabweans living outside their country together," said Mololeke, a former lawyer and now a columnist for NewZimbabwe.com. Whether Zimbabwean journalists become entrenched in exile appears closely linked to political and economic developments at home. The majority of Zimbabwean exiles interviewed for this report told CPJ it would take not only the end of Mugabe's rule, but reform of the country's media laws, and a loosening of the ruling party Zanu-PF's control for conditions to allow their return. At least some, though, say they would return now if there were job opportunities in journalism. Nyarota, the former Daily News founder and editor, said the return of exiled journalists is important to the future of democracy in Zimbabwe. Nyarota, who hopes to return home, noted that national elections in 2001, when independent media outlets still dotted Zimbabwe's media landscape, were far more competitive than this year's vote, when the opposition Movement for Democratic Change was nearly shut out of press coverage. Though critics accused the Zanu-PF of manipulating this year's polls, "cheating was not necessary for them to win," Nyarota said. The lack of media diversity, he said, ensured the ruling party's victories. For now, financial and professional needs are plentiful, both in Zimbabwe and in the exiled community. Scores of journalists in Zimbabwe have been left unemployed in their profession by the closing of media outlets. Some exiled journalists seek funding for new and existing media projects; others need professional work, training, and education. Nyaira and some of her colleagues started the Association of Zimbabwean Journalists in the United Kingdom as a first step in addressing those needs. "There is no question-- eventually people will go back," she said. "And when we do, there will be a lot of work to do." Elisabeth Witchel is journalist assistance coordinator for the Committee to Protect Journalists. Gretchen L. Wilson, a freelance journalist based in Johannesburg, contributed to this story. Dangerous Assignments Journalist Assistance Wilf Mbanga Short URL: https://cpj.org/x/1f7d	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line640
__label__cc	0.73808	0.26192	Cat. #003212: ROMY SCHNEIDER Rare vintage 3.5 x 5.25-inch black and white German postcard portrait, boldly signed in blue fountain pen in the late 1950s or early 1960s. In good condition. Acclaimed Austrian-born beauty Romy Schneider was memorable in Sissi (1955), Sissi: The Young Empress (1956), The Trial (1962), and That Most Important Thing: Love (1975). She also made a number of contributions to the horror, sci-fi and fantasy genres, including Boccaccio '70 (1962), The Trial (1962), Le Trio Inferno (1971), Death Watch (1980), and Fantasma d'Amore (1981). In 1982, despondent over the accidental death of her son, she committed suicide by an overdose of sleeping pills, aged only 43 years.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line643
__label__cc	0.735675	0.264325	Migrating 6,000 users in 20 countries from Lotus Notes/Domino to Google Apps Editor's note: Today’s guest blogger is Barry Driscoll, Senior Director of IT for Fairchild Semiconductor, the $1.2 billion chipmaker. Barry has more than 15 years of IT experience in the semiconductor industry. His responsibilities include enterprise IT support for telecommunications, messaging, database administration, and product design infrastructure as well as responsibility for business applications supporting finance, human resources, and business intelligence. Barry will be available on a live webcast this Thursday, January 28, at 2:00 p.m. EST, 11:00 a.m. PST, 7:00 p.m. GMT to talk about his company's experience switching to Google Apps, and to answer your questions about this process. At the end of 2008, we were at a crossroads for our email and collaboration tools. We had to make a long-term decision on what direction to take. At the time, we had over 6,000 Lotus Notes/Domino users around the world using an older platform (Lotus Notes/Domino version 6.5). We had some serious challenges: our users were frustrated with the outdated Notes/Domino functionality, the IT environment was complicated, and the ongoing maintenance costs were high. At the same time, we were working to implement an email archiving and e-discovery solution that was, frankly, not going well. To add to the mix, the world economy was in free-fall and our business was seeing those effects. We wanted to improve our messaging tools while simplifying the IT environment, but needed a cost-effective approach. We originally thought we should upgrade our existing solutions to the latest releases, but knew that was going to be a time-consuming and expensive approach. So, we started seriously evaluating other options. During our review, we considered the hosted versions of the Lotus and Microsoft offerings, but ultimately focused our attention on evaluating Google Apps. When Paul Lones, our SVP of IT, first suggested taking a look at using Google Apps as our enterprise email tool, we thought he was joking. But when we started looking at the capabilities, benefits, and costs of Google's enterprise offering, we were very impressed. We then began a more thorough technical and functional review. We determined that the core capabilities for email, calendar, contacts, and IM would probably meet our needs. Since email archiving and discovery were also critical for us, we looked at the Postini solutions. Again, we thought the delivered Postini features would work for Fairchild. Beyond the basics, we also saw the added value of Google's collaboration features available from Google Sites and Google Docs, and the anywhere/anytime access provided by Google's cloud-based services. Finally, we did an ROI analysis and estimated we’d save about $500,000 per year by migrating off of Lotus Notes/Domino. So, we made a case to our CEO and executive team to move forward with a pilot project using Google Apps. For the pilot, we selected a core group of IT and business employees and asked for some volunteers. To our surprise the CEO and the entire executive team volunteered. As a result, we also included the executive assistants. Although having the execs in the pilot raised the stakes, it turned out to be one of the keys to the project's success. To help us get up to speed quickly and run the pilot smoothly, we partnered with Appirio Consulting. Appirio had previous experience converting large corporations from Lotus Notes/Domino to Google Apps. Appirio conducted one-on-one or small group training sessions for the pilot users and targeted training for the executive admins because of the complexity of their jobs when it comes to collaboration, email, and calendar management. After a successful pilot, we made the decision to migrate the whole company to Google. The next group of employees migrated were 400 "early adopters" from across the company, including all owners of Notes/Domino applications and databases. The idea was to give these people a head start in moving any important non-email content from Lotus to Google Apps. For the early adopters, we used a combination of live and recorded web-based training. These early adopters also became "Google guides" for the rest of the user base during the full company migration. Ultimately, we deployed Google Apps to over 6,000 users in 20 countries in less than five months. This deployment included migrating contacts, calendar entries, and up to 12 months of historical email, plus providing BlackBerry support. At the same time, we implemented the email security and email archiving capabilities available using Google's Postini platform. Now we are providing our employees with a lot more functionality for a lot less money. Google Docs and Sites are really changing the way people work as teams, and the way information is shared. This new way of doing working is really powerful, especially for a company that does business in so many countries and timezones. We are now looking at Google Sites to replace our existing intranet. But the ability to access Gmail and the other Google Apps from anywhere – without having to use a VPN – has probably been the biggest hit. We learned a lot of valuable lessons throughout the process of evaluating and migrating to Google Apps that we’d be happy to share with you. Please join me to discuss our experience in more detail and to learn how you might leverage Google Apps for your company. Join us for this LIVE Event on: Switching from Lotus Notes/Domino to Google Apps by Fairchild Semiconductor 2:00 p.m. EST / 11:00 a.m. PST / 7:00 p.m. GMT Posted by Serena Satyasai, Google Apps team Find customer stories and research product information on our resource sites for current users of Microsoft Exchange and Lotus Notes/Domino. Labels: Google Apps , guest post , large business , success story , webinar Simon January 25, 2010 at 11:48 AM Would love it if you could make it easier for me to search on the latest version of Google Apps Sync for Outlook. Ta. Sandy January 29, 2010 at 7:43 AM Providing employees with added functionality at a significantly lower cost is a win win for everyone. This new way of connecting with 6,000 employees in 40 Countries using Google Apps, (Google Docs and Google Sites) is huge. The real time aspect of the applications with the awareness of being in sync to the same drum beat which ties all the employees of a company together, also displaces alienation, detachment and lack of creative participation among the workforce because the applications are in the "now" and not totally formed, yet. wallbeater February 10, 2010 at 3:47 PM I think you company had some applications in Lotus system. Are they all convertible to Google Apps? mathai February 10, 2010 at 7:31 PM I think the key is to give people a low risk taste of what it can do. A free version of the same for 50 users or less is a very good idea. Our small management consulting firm has always run off google apps and now we have no hesitation in recommending it to any of our clients. We even show them how WE use it. I know microsoft gives special discounts to students and colleges.Why not extend the logic?	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line644
__label__wiki	0.987918	0.987918	WATCH: Get to know the all-female band The Male Gaze Updated Mar 11, 2019 3:03:32 PM The all-female band plays songs about orgasm, gender norms, and stopping Duterte’s rape jokes. Photo by SAMANTHA LEE Manila (CNN Philippines Life) — Dressed in updated Girl Scouts uniforms, four women played songs about orgasm, gender norms, and letting go of destructive partners during their first gig as a newly formed band, The Male Gaze. “I learned about feminism through music,” says Mich Dulce, vocalist of the feminist band. Before the band was formed, Dulce was leading Grrrl Gang, an initiative that creates community meetups for Filipino women. During one of these meetups, she met Mariah Reodica, where they then developed the idea of forming a feminist punk band, much like in the underground feminist music movement of the Riot Grrrl in the ‘60s. “That movement was what led me to become a feminist. I was not born ‘woke.’ I lived in a bubble for such a long time,” Dulce adds. Completing the band are Ymi Sy, who works for Dakila, an NGO that advocates for social consciousness, and Ristalle Bautista, who used to be part of Duster, an all-female band. “We all recognize our strengths as women in our own ways,” says Reodica. “It was interesting also because we had different perspectives on feminism.” Dulce explains that activism can take form in many ways, and forming a girl group that sings songs about the many issues that women face is just one of them. “We can’t discredit these things. There are so many ways of being an activist and doing work through art, through music, you can’t discredit that — that’s how you reach an audience who [are not usually] activists, or [who are] not usually interested in being woke or [in] feminism.”	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line647
__label__wiki	0.749664	0.749664	Co-IRIS Panel at Sakarya University’s Middle Eastern Congress Posted on September 4, 2014 by Nassef Manabilang Adiong, PhD Co-IRIS Panel: Islamic Perspectives on Theory and Praxis in International Relations Chair: Nassef Manabilang Adiong The 2nd Middle Eastern Congress on Politics and Society is organized by the Centre for Middle Eastern Studies of Sakarya University and will take place in Sakarya, Turkey on 14-17 October 2014. 1st Presenter: [Yusuf Sayın] ABSENT Editor of Strategic Outlook and PhD Candidate in IR at Selcuk University Foreign Policy Analysis in Islam and International Relations The relation of religion to International Relations is usually seen as a Western construct patterned through the historicity of Christianity in Western Europe. Thus, the historical patterns of other religions, particularly Islam, has been untowardly ignored or not given equal attention by IR scholars focusing on comparative studies between religion and IR. Generally, case studies are concentrated on foreign policy analysis and its impact of state and non-state actors with strong religious affinities. Consequently, religious influences in analyzing foreign policy oftentimes extend in both dimensions and angles, and are clear-cut and evidentiary due to an irrefutable reality of complicated structure of the nature of international politics. The paper seeks to present contemporary findings of Islamic contributions assisted by Islamic jurisprudence and law in foreign policy analysis including selected religious actors in the international system of the Muslim world. 2nd Presenter: Tareq Sharawi PhD student at the Alliance of Civilizations Institute in Istanbul Comparative Analogy of War between Classical Islamicists and Hedley Bull War, according to Hedley Bull, is presented as organized violence waged between political entities. This position, rightfully accepted in essence and meaning, presupposes that the interrelated ends of war are both political entities. In modern times, one could argue, these political entities are represented by states. In the Islamic discourse, however, war has traditionally been linked with the body of the Muslim community, the Ummah, as an entity. But the notion that the concept of war in Islam should necessarily be tied to a political entity has caused some confusion; certainly, groups who seem to lack proper political organization are conducting violence against groups far from political entities while giving the description of ‘war’ to their acts. In this paper, I will base my discussion on classical Islamic texts and historical pointers from the Medina period of the birth of Islam to argue that the concept of war in Islam does not escape Bull’s presentation. I will humbly try to draw from the historical insights a coherent understanding of the link between war, the Ummah as an organized political entity, and perhaps, the modern nation-state. 3rd Presenter: Fadi Zatari The Concept of Enemy in the Hamas Ideology The Islamic movement of Hamas-controlled Palestine historically traces its roots from the Muslim Brotherhood, which was established in 1928 as the first Islamic movement in Egypt. The study aims to fulfill research gaps and look for alternative approaches to the analysis of the Hamas’ conception of Jihad and Hudna (truce), i.e., studying the Hamas charter, leaflets, and other disseminated informative sheets. Hamas uses the concept of ‘Hudna’ or truce, not directly meant for peace, for subsequent reasons. Firstly, it is possible to achieve ceasefire with Israel through Hudna without recognizing the ‘state of Israel’. Hence it is a legitimate theological concept since Prophet Mohammed signed Hudna (truce) with the people of Quraish in Mecca. Secondly, it includes limited duration of ceasefire so that Hamas will not concede for an indefinite truce. Therefore, this paper argues for further comprehension and research of Jihad and Hudna under the perspective of Hamas and their process of utilizations as tools of foreign policies towards Israel. 4th Presenters: [Mehmet Ali Mert and Cenay Babaoğlu] UNCONFIRMED PhD students at Hacettepe University in Ankara The Impact of Humanitarian Relief Foundation (IHH) to Turkish Foreign Policy as an International Political Actor International relations originally covered simply the relations between states and non-state actors were given a secondary status. But political and economic liberalization, technological transformation and particularly the effect of globalization challenged this approach and triggered governance (Benner, Reinicke and Witte, 2003: 18). Thisprocess pave way to the strengthening of international actors as well as non-governmental organizations (NGOs). NGOs similar to state, operates in a variety of global policy including participation in diplomacy. This process indicates new types of corporatism and the growing strength of the third sector. The growing role and influence of NGOs in national or international area, non-states actors have become important political actors in the global society. Detomasi (2007: 325) lists the stakeholders of the global governance in four levels: private sector, nation-state, international organizations and NGOs. From this point of view, a civil society organization is going to be examined as a case study in the context of its impact on Turkish foreign policy in the last decade. The growth number of NGOs, the scale of their activities, and the complexity of their transactions has had a major political impact. So international politics and diplomacy are not limited to Turkish government. IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation as an Islamic based institution can be considered as an effective actor in Turkish policy, both in national and international level without restricting its activities to a particular group, nationality, or country. IHH was set up to deliver humanitarian aid as a voluntary organization. Activities of the foundation began in 1992 and were institutionalized in 1995. IHH has reached out to 136 countries and regions in five continents and prioritizes at war-hit and post-war regions, disaster zones, impoverished countries and regions. IHH’s activities in international crisis areas and taking initiatives in human diplomacy such as Mavi Marmara flotilla aid campaign for breaking an Israeli blockade on Gaza, interference to internal conflict against minority Muslims in Arakan, taking active role in prisoner swap and as a mediator in releasing journalists in Syria, raised its influence on Turkish foreign policy. Therefore, the foreign policy of Turkey cannot be understood without knowing role of the civil organizations like IHH. Turkish foreign policy and diplomacy does not operate on some separate planet, cut off from such civil organizations. So, in this research IHH’s role on Turkish foreign policy and diplomacy will be examined in the context of NGOs influence on state policies. 5th Presenter: Yasser Salimi MA Candidate at the Islamic Azad University West vs. Islamic World: From Clash to Dialogue This research wants to argue that dialogue among civilizations and other similar initiatives resulted to a paradigm shift in international relations. After the end of cold war, efforts for defining situation of post cold war era have started. Most of these efforts were made by scholars in US as the only super power in the world that theories made by Huntington and Fukuyama are the most famous ones. After introducing his theory Huntington developed it and answered to critics and did not only make theory and made some suggestion to US government as post cold war strategy. During the cold war attention of world powers to multilateralism decreased and world issues was focused on security and armament. Leaving international organizations such as UNESCO by US is a proof to that. US had been founding member of UNESCO since 1946 but in 1984 left it and in 2003 rejoined it again. George W. Bush administration by declaring war against terrorism and invading Afghanistan and Iraq displayed return of unilateralism and realism. After Obama came to power a U turn is visible in US foreign policy that pulling troops out of Iraq is one example. U.S. did not oppose openly Dialogue among Civilizations initiative in 2001 despite its contradiction to US hawkish foreign policy. Secretariat of international year of dialogue among civilizations was based in Seton Hall University in New Jersey and Leslie H. Gelb emeritus president of Council of Foreign Relations was also member of prominent group of UN SG for dialogue among civilizations. Bush for the first time appointed an envoy to OIC in 2008 and after that Britain and Russia did the same. Though change from clash to dialogue backs to last years of Bush administration. Hillary Clinton also appointed Farah Pandith as special rep. to Muslim Communities in 2009. US joined Alliance of Civilizations Group of Friends after Obama came to power, 5 years after its establishment also shows the change. After Madrid bombings which are speculated to be in response of Spain military involvement in Iraq Afghanistan its PM proposed Alliance of Civilizations initiative. Its main goal is decreasing tensions between west and Islamic world through dialogue and cooperation. Presenter’s Biography: Yusuf Sayın is the editor of Strategic Outlook and PhD candidate in International Relations. He earned his master’s program in IR from Selcuk University in 2011. His master thesis was on the role of religion in international relations and IR theories. He currently completes his PhD thesis regarding the relations between Turkey and Iran in the context of integration and unity under the model of Seljuk Empire. He has published several articles, reviews, and translation works. He is fluent in English, Arabic, and German. He also works as English-Turkish translator. Tareq Sharawi is a Jordanian PhD student at the Alliance of Civilizations Institute of Fatih Sultan Mehmet Waqf University, Turkey. He received his Masters degree in International Relations from The University of Bristol, UK. His research interests include Religious Nationalism and political organization in classical Islamic traditions. Fadi Zatari is a Palestinian PhD student at the Alliance of Civilizations Institute of Fatih Sultan Mehmet Waqf University, Turkey. In 2009 he received his first Masters degree in International Studies from the Birzeit University, and in 2013 his second Masters degree in Political Theory from the Goethe University Frankfurt am Main and the Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany. Mehmet Ali Mert is a research assistant in the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at Hacettepe University, Turkey. He obtained his BA in International Relations at Fatih University (Turkey) in 2006. He also continues his PhD studies at the same department. He works at some academic projects. His research interests include Islamic political thought, political science, Turkish and Middle East studies, state and religion. Cenay Babaoğlu is a research assistant in the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at Hacettepe University, Turkey. He also continues his PhD studies at the same department. His research interests include comparative and international public administration, Turkish administrative history, public policy analyses and ICT in public administration. Yasser Salimi is an MA Candidate in International Relations at the Islamic Azad University Science & Research Branch in Tehran, Iran. ← Proposed ISA Panel: International Relations and Islam: The Peculiar Case of Nation-State Call for Papers: Co-IRIS Workshop at the 3rd European Workshops in International Studies (EWIS) →	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line649
__label__wiki	0.731202	0.731202	The No. 1 Source For Breaking Music and Film Headlines The Smashing Pumpkins bring “Silvery Sometimes (Ghosts)” and “Knights of Malta” to Kimmel: Watch A pair of cuts off their reunion album, Shiny and Oh So Bright Vol. 1. by Randall Colburn on December 12, 2018, 9:11am Smashing Pumpkins on Kimmel The Smashing Pumpkins just capped off an epic tour in honor of the band’s 30th anniversary, but they’re not through repping their latest album, Shiny and Oh So Bright Vol. 1, just yet. On Tuesday, the alt-rock icons swung by Kimmel for a one-two punch that included Top Song of the Year “Silvery Sometimes (Ghosts)” and “Knights of Malta”. (Read: The Smashing Pumpkins’ 10 Best Deep Cuts) Check out the replay below. The Pumpkins’ recent tour introduced crowds to new covers of The Cure’s “Friday I’m in Love” and The Cars’ “Dangerous Type”. In other news, Corgan has said he intends to release a follow-up to Shiny and Oh So Bright, Vol. 1 in the new year, and just recently revealed plans for a Christmas album. The band also seems to be preparing a box set reissue of Machina/The Machines of God and Machina II/The Friends & Enemies of Modern Music. Album Review: XXXTentacion Offers a Sad, Beautiful Goodbye on SKINS Thom Yorke is out here tweeting Paddington GIFs at 3 a.m.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line658
__label__wiki	0.859174	0.859174	CONSILIUM HAS AN CONSILIUM’S LEADERSHIP TEAM SIMON FORDHAM OBE HOWARD LEEDHAM MBE Simon is an internationally recognised commercial risk and security corporate professional working out of the City of London. He has extensive EMEA and Far East operational experience against organised crime, terrorists and single issue activists. Simon is a leading crisis negotiator with a tested doctrine supporting Lloyds of London Insurance Syndicates, and retained corporate/individual clients countering kidnap for ransom, maritime piracy, and criminal extortion. He holds non executive appointments including Chairman of the ICSPA (International Cyber Security and Protection Alliance). Formerly a senior UK military officer with a career that spanned the spectrum of UK operations as a combat commander, intelligence officer, and UK Special Forces officer – as well as service within NATO, UN, US and African Forces. Howard has lived and worked in Asia and the Middle East for the majority of the past 12 years. He has a business background within the regulated financial, aviation and security sectors; he has worked most recently at CEO level in the Dubai International Financial Centre. He financed a maritime commercial security provider operation and, as Senior Managing Director for the Argent Group, drove its global expansion in UK, India and the Middle East. Formerly a UK Navy commando pilot, clearance diver and Special Forces officer, he also served with the Unites States Marine Corps in the Gulf War. Significantly, post military service he was sought out by the US State Department to construct and lead a heli-borne assault force with Pathan militia on the Pakistan/Afghan border which was credited with making the most important single contribution to border security in that region. BOLA ADEFEHINTI WEST AFRICA PARTNER MAJOR GENERAL ADEWUNMI AJIBADE OOM JULIE ANNE FLORES REGIONAL MANAGER (FAR EAST) ANTHONY HARRIS CMG LVO Bola is a UK-trained lawyer specializing in Corporate, Commercial & Energy Law. He started his career as an in-house lawyer with Messrs Turner & Newall before moving into private practice with Messrs Linder Myers and Davenport Lyons Solicitors. Bola holds an LLB (Hons) degree from Manchester Metropolitan University. He left legal practice in 2001 to establish Maine Oil & Gas Corporation, a Junior E&P company that successfully acquired two oil blocks in the Nigeria 2005 Bid Round. In 2007, Bola co-founded Crossharbour Partners, a strategy consulting group (where he facilitated negotiations for large-scale infrastructure investments between a Chinese State-owned companies and the Nigerian government). Subsequently he has successfully developed and run companies with assets/ operations in the petroleum, mining and power sectors in Nigeria. Currently, Bola is the CEO of Port 2 Port West Africa Limited, a Maritime Security Company specialising in provision of counter-piracy risk mitigation, intelligence and maritime security services for commercial clients operating in the Gulf of Guinea. Bola is also Chairman of Lambert Willis Investments, a company originally incorporated in 1969 as a joint venture company between Lambert & Lowndes insurance group and Chief F.R.A. Williams, who currently sits on the Advisory Board of the Company. Lambert Willis has since evolved into an investment group with a portfolio in investments/ interests in the Insurance, Maritime, Real Estate and Agro-allied and Financial services sectors in Nigeria. In addition, Bola is a co-founder of Earth Africa Holdings Limited, a new oil & gas upstream/ midstream company using proprietary technology to optimise oil production and enhanced oil recovery. Earth Africa specialises in heavy oil development and is targeting the vast heavy oil reserves in sub-Saharan Africa with a special focus on Nigeria where it has already begun operations. Gen. Adewunmi Ajibade is currently Chairman/ CEO of Nibras Nigeria Ltd and Wendler Nigeria Ltd, an Armoured Technology Development company, and a Director of Port 2 Port West Africa Ltd. He is a Military, Intelligence and Security Consultant with over 10 years experience since retirement from the Nigerian Armed Forces in October 2005, following 37 years of meritorious service. He worked in various arms of the Armed Forces at Unit, Brigade, Divisional Army, Defence Headquarters and in the Presidency-State House. He served in various capacities including the Defence Intelligence Agency Nigeria, as Deputy Chief of Defence, Intelligence Director of Military Intelligence, Director of Training at The Defence Headquarters, Principal Staff Officer (“PSO”) and Deputy National Security Adviser (“DYNSA”) at The Office of the National Security Adviser and was a senior Directing Staff at the National Institute of Policy and Strategic studies (“NIPPS”), Nigeria. He also served as Principal Staff Officer (PSO), ECOMOG, Liberia. In recognition of his contribution to the Security of the West Africa sub-region (ECOWAS), he was decorated with the National Honours Award of the Officer of the Mono (“OOM”) of Togo Republic by Late President Eyadema. He was also awarded the ECOMOG Medal of Honor. Gen. Ajibade has been privileged to attend several Military Intelligence / Security courses on tactical, strategic, technical intelligence in the USA, Italy, UK and Nigeria amongst others. He is a Fellow of the National Defence College and a Graduate of the UN Staff College ILO Centre, Torino, Italy, He holds a Master of Arts Degree on Strategy (specializing in Intelligence and International Security) from Kings College, University of London. Based in Manila, Julie Anne Flores holds responsibility for business development management, implementation and coordination for Consilium’s service lines in the Philippines and Far East. Julie Anne epitomizes the operational entrepreneurism and energy upon which Consilium thrives and brings an extensive regional and business network to the Consilium team. Prior to joining Consilium, Julie Anne spent ten years in the private banking and oil and gas sectors before moving into niche business development in the renewable energy sector, where she remains a major shareholder. Her other, previous skills, include human resource coordination and management both in the Middle and Far East. Anthony served 34 years in the British Diplomatic Service focussed mainly on the Arab World. His last appointment was as HM Ambassador in Abu Dhabi. His previous overseas appointments include Charge D’Affaires at the British Embassy in Cairo during the first Gulf War, he also served in Jedda, Khartoum, Abu Dhabi, Riyadh and Geneva. During his career Anthony was seconded to the Defence Export Services Organisation in the Ministry of Defence, where he was responsible for bilateral defence relations with the GCC States. He helped to negotiate the Al-Yamamah Air Defence deal with the Saudi Government. He subsequently held responsibility for the British Government’s relations with the foreign press worldwide, and the management of the BBC Overseas Service. He also served in the Cabinet Office where, in close collaboration with the Intelligence Services, he conducted a survey of the FCO’s technical security arrangements worldwide. Before moving to Dubai in 2000, Anthony a Director of Corporate Finance with Robert Fleming in the City of London he subsequently opened offices for them in Dubai, he remains in charge of Middle East operations, which includes work in Riyadh, Baghdad and Tehran. MICHAEL J. STANNARD JAMES TERVIT PARTNER (Technology) FRANK KANE VP COMMUNICATIONS BEN SWINDLEHURST Michael is an internationally acknowledged director in the leadership and delivery of matters relating to business intelligence, due diligence, fraud investigation and asset recovery. He is an acknowledged expert in Deep Web Mining and Social Media monitoring and a trusted advisor and consultant to worldwide government agencies, international law firms, corporations and financial institutions. He has lead business and Internet intelligence teams in some of the leading financial consultancies including the “Big 4”. He has been a Director of Operations in two of the world’s leading risk management companies and has served on public and private sector advisory committees in the U.K. and the U.S.A. In his earlier career he commanded intelligence and operational teams within U.K. Customs Investigation Service and was the department’s first graduate of the FBI National Academy. James has an international reputation as a Corporate Communications Systems Engineer and large scale Project Director spanning over 30 years, and is recognised as a global expert on large scale commercial automation. James has had a long and varied career in the financial, media and telecom sectors. He has created and built novel “out of the box” security and system models, supply chain automation as well as video online and document exchange gateways for global corporates. These have effectively reduced sourcing expenditure and increased project value through simplifying the device-person relationship and building brand value through unrivalled assurance. He has a particular motivation to identify, modify or leverage state of the art and emerging technologies to secure shareholder competitor advantage and significant commercial return. Since 1997, James has pioneered and delivered security enhancing measures on global financial processes, extending security algorithms for large scale information transfer from data warehouses to mobile devices and simplifying processes for complex IT architectures. He has rolled out robust e-billing across 52 operating countries. Frank Kane is a veteran media commentator and financial journalist in the UAE. After a 30-year career on some of the biggest newspapers in London, including the Financial Times, Sunday Times and Observer, he moved to Dubai in 2006. He has since been involved in the launch of three newspapers in the UAE, including the National of Abu Dhabi. He is currently senior business commentator for Jeddah-based Arab News and Vice President (Communications) for Consilium. He lives in Dubai with his wife and daughter. Prior to joining the team Ben was part of a leading cyber security business, as the Commercial Development Director, primarily charged with developing the SME Strategy and Cyber Academy for the business. Ben has also been instrumental in the inception and development of a now well-established and high quality, as well as profitable, Maritime Security Provider. He has also gained extensive international business and managerial experience within the super yacht construction and Oil and Gas Industries. Ben’s balance of military and specialist commercial experience proves invaluable in developing and managing a rapid but careful strategic vision for future growth. During an accomplished career within the Military Ben specialised in Joint Service Co-ordination and Dynamic Targeting.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line659
__label__cc	0.638961	0.361039	"Richmond, Virginia" (x) Maria (x) Brooke (Va.) (x) Letter written by Dwight W. Stannard, private in the 97th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment from Camp on the Battlefield, on June 5, 1864, to his wife, Alma C. Stannard, of Oneida County, New York: a machine readable transcription Stannard, Dwight W., Stannard, Alma C. Date created: June 5, 1864, Date created: June 5, 1864 Letter writer: Dwight W. Stannard; Letter recipient: Alma C. Stannard Forestport (N.Y.), Oneida County (N.Y.), New York Stannard, Dwight W. (Mrs., Alma C. Simmons), Stannard, Alma C. (Mrs. Dwight W. Stannard), Simmons, Alma C. (Mrs. Dwight W. Stannard), Stannard, Charles, Stannard, Alma C. (Mrs. Dwight W. Stannard), [??], Steve, Ira, Stannard, Dwight W. Civil War Letters and Diaries, Civil War Collection, Letters of Dwight W. Stannard Richmond (Va.), Virginia Letter written by a solder from Falmouth, Virginia on May 20, 1863 to John R. Barger: a machine readable transcription Date created: May 20, 1863, Date created: May 20, 1863 Personal Names: Hooker, J. R. Barger, John, little mack, McClellan, Organization Names: Army of the, Army of the Potmack, Potmack, Place Names: Falmouth VA, Richmond Falmouth (Va.), Stafford County (Va), Virginia Barger, John R., John, John, Hooker, Joseph (General), John, McClellan, George Brinton (General), McClellan, George Brinton (General), John, McClellan, George Brinton (General), McClellan, George Brinton (General) Letter written by William H. Clark [undated]: a machine readable transcription Clark, William H. Letter writer: William H. Clark Letter written by J.H. Stevens from Camp 9th New York H Artillery on March 27, 1865, to his friend Reaves: a machine readable transcription Stevens, J. H., Weaves Letter writer: J.H. Stevens; Letter recipient: Weaves Reaves, Stevens, J.H., Ell, Ed, Stevens, J.H. Boliver Heights (Va.), Virginia Letter written by Rush P. Cady, lieutenant in the 97th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Company K, to his parents of Rome, New York, from On Battlefield of Fredericksburg, Virginia, December 15, 1862: a machine readable transcription Cady, Rush Palmer, Cady, Daniel, Cady, Fidelia W. Date created: December 15, 1862, Date created: December 15, 1862 Letter writer: Rush Palmer Cady; Letter recipient: Daniel and Fidelia W. Cady Fredericksburg (Va.), Spotsylvania (Va.), Virginia, Rome (N.Y.), Oneida County (N.Y.), New York Rome, Oneida County, New York Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain, Taylor, Nelson (General), Rockwell (Lieutenant, Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain, Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain, Parsons (Lieutenant, Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain, Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain, Gibbon, John (General), Hart (Captain, Taylor, Nelson (General), Wheelock, Charles (Colonel, Spofford (Lieutenant Colonel), Alexander, George (Lieutenant, Jackson, Stonewall (General), Cady, Ella, Cady, Eliza, Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain, Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain, Little (Dr.), Little (Dr.), Sandford (Mr.), Cady, Rush Palmer (Lieutenant Letter written by J.B. Jam Bailey from North Carolina on April 28, 1864 to his sister: a machine readable transcription Bailey, J. B. J. Letter writer: J.B.J. Bailey Hoton (Sergeant), Vickory (Sergeant), Dennise, Tildale, Asa, Alziny?, Sarah, Bailey, J.B.Jam Letter written by George W. Pearl, private in the 117th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Company C and F, to his mother and sister of Clinton, New York, from Point Lookout, Maryland, April 6, 1865 Pearl, George W., Pearl, Marcia C., Pearl, Adaline C. Date created: April 6, 1865, Date created: April 6, 1865 Letter writer: George W. Pearl; Letter recipient: Marcia C. Pearl and Adaline C. Pearl Point Lookout (Md.), Saint Mary's County (Md.), Maryland, Clinton (N.Y.), Oneida County (N.Y.), New York Pearl, George A. (Mrs., Marcia C.), Pearl, Marcia C. (Mrs. George A. Pearl), Pearl, Adaline C., Pearl, George W., Pearl, Adaline C., Davis, Jefferson, Lee, Robert E. (General), Lee, Robert E. (General), Grant, Ulysses S. (General), Grant, Ulysses S. (General), Lee, Robert E. (General), Sherman, William T. (General), Pearl, Adaline C., Pearl, Adaline C., Pearl, George W. Civil War Letters and Diaries, Civil War Collection, Letters of George W. Pearl Letter written by Henry Welch, corporal in the 123rd New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Company K, to his uncle and aunt from Camp near Kelly's Ford, Virginia, September 15, 1863: a machine readable transcription Welch, Henry, Tanner, Franklin Date created: September 15, 1863, Date created: September 15, 1863 Letter writer: Henry Welch; Letter recipient: Franklin Tanner Kelly's Ford (Va.), Culpeper County (Va.), Virginia Tanner, Franklin, Tanner, Franklin, Tanner, Franklin (Mrs., Polly C.), Tanner, Polly C. (Mrs. Franklin Tanner), Lee, Robert E. (General), Bragg, Braxton (General), Beauregard, G. T. (General), Meade, George Gordon (General), Welch, Henry, Welch, Luther, Welch, Henry, Welch, Henry Civil War Letters and Diaries, Civil War Collection, Letters of Henry Welch Letter written by Rush P. Cady, lieutenant in the 97th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Company K, to his father of Rome, New York, from Headquarters 97th Reg. N.Y.V. near Falmouth, Virginia, December 17, 1862 Cady, Rush Palmer, Cady, Daniel Letter writer: Rush Palmer Cady; Letter recipient: Daniel Cady Falmouth (Va.), Stafford County (Va.), Virginia, Rome (N.Y.), Oneida County (N.Y.), New York Comstock (Mr.), Mendenhall (Mrs.), Comstock (Mr.), Cady, Daniel (Mrs., Fidelia W. Palmer), Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain, Alexander, George (Lieutenant, Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain, Meagher, Thomas Francis (General), Bayard, George Dashiell (General), Sigel, Lee, Robert E. (General), Lee, Robert E. (General), Burnside, Ambrose Everett (General), Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain Hatcher's Run (Va.), Virginia Letter written by Dwight W. Stannard, private in the 97th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment from Fort Corcoran, northern Virginia, on March 9, 1862, to his wife, Mrs. Dwight W. Stannard (Alma C. Simmons): a machine readable transcription Fort Corcoran (Va.), Virginia, Forestport (N.Y.), Oneida County (N.Y.), New York Booneville, Oneida County, New York Stannard, Dwight W. (Mrs., Alma C. Simmons), Stannard, Alma C. (Mrs. Dwight W. Stannard), Simmons, Alma C. (Mrs. Dwight W. Stannard), Burnside, Ambrose Everett, General, Stannard, Dwight W. Letter written by Rush P. Cady, lieutenant in the 97th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Company K, to his mother, Fidelia W. Cady, of Rome, New York, from Camp near "Fitzhugh Mansion", Virginia, May 16, 1863 Cady, Rush Palmer, Cady, Fidelia W. Letter writer: Rush Palmer Cady; Letter recipient: Fidelia W. Cady Fitzhugh (Va.), Brunswick County (Va.), Virginia, Rome (N.Y.), Oneida County (N.Y.), New York Cady, Daniel (Mrs., Fidelia W. Palmer), Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain, Northrup, Charles (Major), F. (Chaplain), Murphy (Lieutenant, Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain, Cady, Eliza, Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain, Cady, Ella, Cady, Eliza, Hooker, Joseph (General), Burnside, Ambrose Everett (General), Wadsworth, Cady, Rush Palmer (Lieutenant Letter written by Rush P. Cady, lieutenant in the 97th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Company K, to his mother of Rome, New York, from Camp near West Mountain, Culpepper Courthouse, Virginia, August 13, 1862 Date created: August 13, 1862, Date created: August 13, 1862 Culpeper (Va.), Culpeper County (Va.), Virginia, Rome (N.Y.), Oneida County (N.Y.), New York Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain, Thomson (Captain, McDowell, Irvin (General), Clarkson, Ewell, Warren, Joe, Cady, Rush Palmer (Lieutenant Potomac Creek (Va.), Virginia Letter written by George W. Pearl, private in the 117th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Company C and F, from City Landing, Virginia, on May 7, 1864, to his parents, George A. and Marcia C. Pearl, of Clinton, New York: a machine readable transcription Pearl, George W., Pearl, George A., Pearl, Marcia C. Date created: May 7, 1864, Date created: May 7, 1864 Letter writer: George W. Pearl; Letter recipient: George A. Pearl and Marcia C. Pearl City Landing (Va.), Virginia, Clinton (N.Y.), Oneida County (N.Y.), New York Pearl, George A., Pearl, George W., Pearl, George W., Pearl, George A., Pearl, George A. (Mrs., Marcia C.), Pearl, Marcia C. (Mrs. George A. Pearl), Butler, Benjamin Franklin (Major General), Grant, Ulysses S. (General) Letter written by Rush P. Cady, lieutenant in the 97th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Company K, from Warrenton Junction, Virginia, 2.5 miles west of Catlett, Virginia, on July 4, 1862 to his sister, Eliza Cady Cady, Rush Palmer, Warrenton, Eliza Date created: July 4, 1862, Date created: July 4, 1862 Letter writer: Rush Palmer Cady; Letter recipient: Eliza Warrenton Warrenton (Va.), Fauquier County (Va.), Virginia Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain, Cady, Eliza, Owens, Henry (Sergeant, Crandall (Corporal), Verano, Clemings, Bachelor (Mrs.), Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain, Palmer, Gustavus M. (Captain, Joe, Cady, Rush Palmer Letter written by George W. Pearl, private in the 117th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Company C and F, from Camp at White House, Virginia, on June 25, 1863, recipient unknown: a machine readable transcription Pearl, George W. Letter writer: George W. Pearl Washington (D.C.), District of Columbia, Clinton (N.Y.), Oneida County (N.Y.), New York Brooks, John, Keyes, Erasmus Darwin (General), Dix, John Adams (General), Kinnie, Evelyn, Washington, George (General), Dix, John Adams (General), Stocking, Walter (Lieutenant), Mannering, George, Sumner, Charley Letter written by William from Leavenworth City to his mother on February 20, 1861: a machine readable transcription Letter writer: William Leavenworth City (Kan.), Leavenworth County (Kan.), Kansas Russell (Mr.), Dunn (Aunt), William Cady, Rush Palmer (10) + - Cady, Fidelia W. (7) + - Pearl, George W. (6) + - Pearl, Marcia C. (5) + - Pearl, George A. (4) + - Welch, Henry (4) + - Cady, Daniel (3) + - Stannard, Alma C. (2) + - Stannard, Dwight W. (2) + - Welch, Luther (2) + - Bailey, J. B. J. (1) + - Clark, William H. (1) + - Pearl, Adaline C. (1) + - Rigsby, E. (1) + - New York (State), History, Civil War, 1861-1865 (22) + - Soldiers, New York (State) -- Correspondence (22) + - United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence (12) + - United States. Army. New York Infantry Regiment, 97th (1862-1865) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 (12) + - United States. Army. New York Infantry Regiment, 117th (1862-1865) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 (6) + - United States. Army. New York Infantry Regiment, 123rd (1862-1865) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 (4) + - Rome (N.Y.) (8) + - Clinton (N.Y.) (6) + - Culpeper County (Va.) (2) + - District of Columbia (2) + - Forestport (N.Y.) (2) + - Maryland (2) + - Alabama (1) + - Bridgeport (Ala.) (1) + - Brunswick County (Va.) (1) + - City Landing (Va.) (1) + - Culpeper (Va.) (1) + -	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line665
__label__wiki	0.576382	0.576382	Netflix Unveils Five Indian Originals From Producers Including Blumhouse & Chernin Entertainment Andrew Howard Joins Marvel’s ‘Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D.’ Image courtesy of LINK Entertainment Andrew Howard is the latest addition to the cast of Marvel’s Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D., landing a major recurring role. He will play Banks, an authoritative and intimidating agent on the third season of the series, which began production this week. Howard joins series stars Clark Gregg, Brett Dalton, Ming-Na Wen and Iain De Caestecker. His other TV credits include Bates Motel, Hatfields & McCoys and an upcoming arc on TNT’s new series Agent X. Howard is repped by ICM Partners, Julian Belfrage Assoc. and LINK Entertainment. Marvel’s Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D Season 3 premieres Tuesday, September 29 on ABC.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line667
__label__wiki	0.925178	0.925178	Fox News Media Hires Industry Veteran Jason Klarman As EVP Marketing Tom Wolfe Dies: New Journalism Pioneer & ‘The Right Stuff’ Author Was 87 Greg Evans Associate Editor/Broadway Critic @GregEvans5 More Stories By Greg Anchor Norah O’Donnell Closes First ‘CBS Evening News’ Broadcast With Pledge To Edward R. Murrow Broadway Box Office Drops 10% To $30M For Week Without A Saturday Night; Blackout Zaps Most Shows Heidi Schreck’s ‘What The Constitution Means To Me’ Recoups $2.5M Broadway Capitalization Tom Wolfe, the master prose stylist, journalist and novelist whose use of fiction techniques like dialogue, scene-setting and point-of-view energized non-fiction in the 1960s and ’70s, died Monday in New York. He was 87. Wolfe, perhaps the preeminent practitioner of what would come to be called the New Journalism, authored the non-fiction The Right Stuff and the novel Bonfire of the Vanities, both of which became major Hollywood films. His death was confirmed by his agent Lynn Nesbit. She told The New York Times that Wolfe had been hospitalized with an infection. Unfailingly attired in a dandy’s uniform of three-piece white suits and high-collared shirts, Wolfe belonged to a generation of writers – Truman Capote, Norman Mailer, Gore Vidal – whose celebrity was as bright as the stars they covered. 'The Right Stuff': Colin O'Donoghue To Star In Nat Geo Series In Recasting In Wolfe’s case, those stars were sometimes literal: His 1979 nonfiction account of America’s pioneering astronauts and the Mercury space program quickly took a place alongside Capote’s In Cold Blood and Mailer’s The Executioner’s Song as prime, acclaimed examples of the “nonfiction novel,” with impeccable research and scrupulous attention to detail fueling a story that had all the narrative drive and emotional power of an entirely imagined work. Hollywood couldn’t resist, and the book became a film in 1983, with Philip Kaufman directing a cast that included Ed Harris, Scott Glenn, Sam Shepard, Fred Ward, Dennis Quaid and Barbara Hershey. The film won four Oscars: Best Sound Effects Editing, Best Film Editing, Best Original Score and Best Sound. Wolfe’s first major turn at fiction writing also found its way to Hollywood, though the 1990 adaptation of 1987’s The Bonfire of the Vanities was considerably less successful than The Right Stuff. Directed by Brian De Palma and starring a woefully miscast Tom Hanks, The Bonfire of the Vanities was such a flop that its failures made up an entire book: Julie Salamon’s 1991 The Devil’s Candy: The Bonfire of the Vanities Goes to Hollywood. The disappointment hardly dented Wolfe’s reputation, though, with the author’s groundbreaking books and articles already a staple of college reading lists and journalism anthologies. The titles alone are classics of their eras: The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers, The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby. Such was Wolfe’s skill with a turn of phrase that some of his wordplay took cultural root and became part of our standard vocabulary: Radical chic, The Me Decade, the right stuff. His 1981 take-down of modern architecture, From Bauhaus to Our House, resurrected the German word and early 20th Century school of design in the popular consciousness, even if the architectural world was neither pleased nor won over by Wolfe’s arguments. Wolfe’s other works include The Pump House Gang, Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine, A Man in Full, I Am Charlotte Simmons and Back to Blood. Wolfe is survived by his wife Sheila, daughter Alexandra and son Tommy.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line668
__label__cc	0.703897	0.296103	From big to small countries: “make democracy work better” in a globalized world? August 17, 2014 mauriziogeri Leave a comment From city states in the ancient Greece (the poleis from where the name politics comes) to the Empires in Europe, Asia and America that lasted for many centuries, and then to the Nation States of today, the political entities in our planet seems to have followed cycles of expansion (from small to big size) and reduction (from big again to smaller). We are not back to city states today but if we judge from the trends of fragmentation of nation states around the world it seems that we are not far away from it anymore in some way. Is this breaking up of territories and populations good or bad for democracy? Is it a normal consequence of ending not only of colonialism but also of dictatorships? I tend to believe that small can be good for democracy and development if is not isolated, but on the contrary more interconnected and interdependent with the rest of the world. From the end of Soviet Union and Yugoslavia a couple of decades ago to the desire of independence and autonomy in many regions of the ex-colonies (Aceh, South Sudan, Kashmir, Kurdistan etc.) or even in our ‘western’ democracies (like next referendum for independence in Scotland) human populations are striving for their self-determination, self-government and self-development. And this seems actually not only rightful for a more free and democratic future but also useful for a better wellbeing of human communities. Besides the “imperial overstretch” (1) and all the problems of managing big territories and populations, it seems clear to many analysts that carrying out economic development of smaller states or even city states (like Singapore, Monaco, Hong Kong or Macau) is easier than thinking to do it in bigger states (look to India, Indonesia or Russia, even if big size doesn’t necessarily mean difficult growth as China show us). So can we say that last century ideas of Leopold Kohr (‘The breakdown of nations’, 1957) Jane Jacobs (‘The Death and Life of Great American Cities’, 1961) E. F. Schumacher (‘Small is beautiful’, 1973) or John Friedman (‘Empowerment: The Politics of Alternative Development’, 1992) are still very much actual and important to build our sustainable economies? Or in reality in the era of globalization small sizes are not adapt anymore and will be wiped out by the big giants? The importance of European integration has been supported in recent years also because of this concept that alone no European state could compete with the big countries of the world. In reality we know that ‘smaller’ is more manageable and if it is able to find a niche and increase the interdependence and integration with “the rest”, the smaller size of a village respect to an ‘alpha city’ or of a city-state respect to a continent-state doesn’t necessarily means to succumb to the great powers in the planetarization of markets. The examples of economies of the scale of Asian tigers or European countries outside EU is there to demonstrate it. But besides the positive effects on economy we also know that human beings living in human scale communities are able to create a more participatory democracy in their territory (think only to the Swiss villages that can decide directly for many policies affecting their communities) and so our societies could think to facilitate such environments and systems if they strive for more democratic and sustainable futures. The great political scientist Robert Putnam (2) argued that to make democracy work we need a high level of ‘social capital’, the famous concept based on a civic engagement through associations of active citizens who care about the “public thing” and so become able to control the controller (the politicians and their policies). But is today possible the existence of a social capital in a globalized world? Should we build it in our cities and our communities, in order to “think globally and act locally” or do we need to create it in the global village, in the international settings, to allow us to “think and act both globally and locally” at the same time? It is difficult to say it but one thing is certain: in a ‘liquid society’ like the one we are living now nation states cannot stay attached only to the status quo of their national sovereignty and national interest. They need to open to integration and decentralization (international organizations and local institutions) at the same time if they want to survive transforming themselves and rebirthing in a new era of political entities. The task is not easy and is the challenge for the future of our communities: to find the balance in complexity between local and global, small and big, communal and world scale. And to “make democracy work better” we need to look for harmony and equilibrium between small and connected at the same time: small is more and more useful but isolated is more and more dangerous, in all senses (3). (1) The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, Paul Kennedy, 1987 (2) Making democracy work, Robert Putnam, 1993 (3) Just as example look at the two probable extremes of the spectrum between connected and isolated: EU and ISIS. City statesKennedyNation statesPutnamSmall is beautifulSocial capital Leaders also for democracies: an analysis of Dean Williams’ concept of ‘real leadership’ July 6, 2014 mauriziogeri Leave a comment What is leadership? If you look up in a dictionary, you will find that the first meaning is simply “the action of leading a group of people or an organization”. Then you will have explanation of different styles, synonyms, derivatives, etc. But this is the core meaning according to the common knowledge. In reality leadership is much more than that. There are many forms, shades and styles of leadership: from the most evil to the most noble. The differences often depend on who is making the measurement and when the measurement is made. There was a time when the vast majority of the German people believed Hitler was their great leader and there was a time when the Western world shunned Mandela. So the identification of leaders, both in autocracies and democracies, is relative to time and space. But in the general terms of today, leadership is often measured by its success in ‘improving the condition of its adherents’. This is what leadership can be considered nowadays. However, to go deeper in the analysis of what leadership entails, I will take into account the definition of two types of leadership given by Dr. Dean Williams, Professor at Harvard University: “real Leadership” and “counterfeit Leadership”(1) . The ‘real leadership’ is the leadership that is based on facing the challenges lived by a group of people, be it a family, a club, a company, a village or a nation, in an efficient and effective manner. The “counterfeit leadership” is when the leader just try to sidestep the sometimes harsh truth of reality to make his success easier. So a ‘real leader’ is not one who says “follow me and all shall be well”, but one who first of all inform the members of the group that they are facing a certain ‘challenge’ that needs to be addressed. The challenge of maintaining the sustainability of the success achieved or the challenge of find the success that the group is not able to achieve yet; the challenge of facing a critical condition that risks destroying the group or the challenge that has already destroyed or weakened the group who now needs now to revive; the challenge of facing disturbances from internal or external elements or the challenge to rebuild the group after a manmade or natural disaster. Adopting this “reality challenges” is the first step that the leader can help to do. After that it is easier to determine who to follow and how to lead when an occasion calls on to do so. There is a of course a flow in considering the success of a leadership often merely in term of achieving economic development for a community. Take Singapore for example, the pet case of Dean Williams. He points out that Lee Kuan Yew, long time Prime Minister of Singapore, has brought his country from a “third world” status into one of the most prosperous “first world” nations. Therefore this is his main success and he had to be a great visionary to do so, someone who had been thinking of the future of his people long before he got into power. But is it really so? Is it just about economic development the real leadership? Or in reality was Lee Kuan Yew able to shift the values, habits and practices of his people? We have to analyze history and geography to understand better. Most countries in Southeast Asia gained their independence after World War II and of course their memory, their ‘geography of pain’, was about colonization, oppression and deprivation. Autocratic leaders in this region were the product of post colonization: Soekarno, General Aung San, Ho Chi Minh and many others of their contemporaries. So the leaders during that era had been shaped by their vision of independence, the pride of nationhood for their people and their strong ideology. Most of these leaders were great achievers, even if often they were not equipped to maintain their achievements, but became great leaders because all of them had given back the pride to their countries. So in the case of Singapore we can say that Lee Kuan Yew attained the title “father of the nation”, not only because he had achieved great economic benefits for his people, but also for building the overseas pride of Chinese in Singapore, who were once regarded as second class migrant citizens no matter how rich they had become. But besides this, leaders, as every human being, have phases and times: to stay great they have to know how long they should stay in power and when to step down. Williams names this capacity as ‘adaptive leadership’, that is a required quality for a ‘real leader’ as he plays the role of providing checks and balances in maintaining power. Lee Kuan Yew for example stepped down at the right time and this also made him a real leader. All the real leaders with such clear view in the “driving seat”, like him or Deng Xiaoping (Lee Kuan Yew had been a mentor to Deng, who later modernized China and turned it into what is today not by chance) can only lead in a particular phase and time frame: they are not supermen who can stay in power forever. Other younger leaders who are more in tune with the current reality and the conditions of the new situation have to be allowed to take over and leaders who failed to do this are not ‘real leaders’, and will definitely succumb to failure, being relegated from “hero” to “villain”, like Mugabe and Soeharto, or Mubarak and Gheddafi. So to conclude the point to make in understanding “Real” and “Counterfeit” leadership, in the terms of Dr. Williams, is the need to have a guidance, when one is called to make a crucial decision, based on informed challenges. And this happens in both autocracies and democracies. Take the example of Berlusconi and Renzi in Italy. The first ruled the country for many years saying that there were no problems, he didn’t see any economic crisis, never, and he just kept selling the dream of the “Neverland” to dumb Italians that didn’t want to hear about any problem. The second, a mayor of a town in constant troubles like Florence, said on the opposite: “either we change Italy and we go out of the crisis or is our end”. He pushed for the institutional reforms and the change of mentality of Italians, saying that they had to start to pay taxes and stop corruption, fight for meritocracy and not for keeping the positions of power by the elders, and work on their values and faith for their future and not playing ‘poor me’ in front of the challenges. This is a clear example of real versus counterfeit leadership. Or take the current presidential candidates for next week elections in Indonesia, one of the largest democracy in the world. The two contestants are excellent example of opposite leadership styles too: one, Prabowo Subianto, has born in a family of traditional leaders and was raised to be a leader; the other, Joko Widodo, is a grassroots leader. The first says on every occasion: “follow me, I will save this country and lead it to prosperity”, without specifying what is the danger that the country is facing and how he wants to save it. His sale pitch is: “trust me, I know how to do this”. The other instead tells the people what exactly is wrong with the country, what the problems are and how serious they are, and the need for the people to work hard to solve them. So applying the ‘Real’ and ‘Counterfeit’ guidance of Dr Williams it becomes easy to determine, which one is the real leader and which is the fake one. And this guidance is applicable also in everyday life, whether one is a leader or a follower. One faces leadership challenges constantly as an ordinary person: how to lead one’s family without resorting to threat and force that makes everyone unhappy, how to make a rebellious son or daughter sees the logic of learning from older people who has faced similar situation etc. Leadership is always about facing challenges to achieve progress. And the first thing to do in order to face them is to know them. This is one of the most powerful truisms to behold. (1) Dean Williams, Real Leadership: Helping People and Organizations Face Their Toughest Challenges (Berrett-Koehler, 2005) Dean WilliamsIndonesiaItalyReal Leadership Bringing a Knife to a Gun Fight June 30, 2014 mauriziogeri Leave a comment The blog of a friend, ODU alumni, Will Patterson Good Will Blogging Before I get into the heart of this post I want to make one thing clear. I’m not opposed to gun ownership. I’m in favor of certain gun controls, which I’ll mention later, but I am against outright bans. I’m also opposed to bad arguments, and there are many used by pro-gun advocates. One of these arguments that I hear frequently is that if guns were unavailable, or harder to access, it would just mean that another type of weapon would be used which would be equally deadly. Usually knives or clubs are mentioned. The common phrase of “bringing a knife to a gun fight” points to the lie in this claim. It’s so obvious that a firearm is a superior weapon to a knife that it has become an idiom! Another way to easily demonstrate the disingenuousness of this claim is to simply say to the person making it…	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line673
__label__wiki	0.763012	0.763012	FDA’s New Acting Commissioner: What is In Store for the Agency? Norman Sharpless, MD, became Acting Commissioner of Food and Drugs for the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in early April after taking the helm from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, who stepped down for personal reasons. With a new executive in, what are the key policy directions for the FDA? Word from Acting Commissioner: stay the course Sharpless takes on the post as Acting Commissioner from the National Institutes of Health’s National Cancer Institute (NCI), where he served as its Director beginning in October 2017. Prior to his NCI appointment, Sharpless served as the Director of the University of North Carolina (UNC) Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, having previously served as a faculty member of the UNC School of Medicine in the Departments of Medicine and Genetics and as the Wellcome Professor of Cancer Research at UNC. He spoke at the Food and Drug Law Institute’s (FDLI) Annual Conference earlier this month (May 2, 2019) in Washington, DC, a forum in which the FDA Commissioner traditionally speaks, and which Sharpless said provided him “an opportunity to reflect on the agency’s accomplishments over the past year and to chart our path moving forward.” Norman Sharpless Acting Commissioner, Food & Drugs US Food and Drug Administration In short, Sharpless said that he planned to continue the policy direction advanced by former FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb under his tenure. “Let me say [from] the outset that I don’t anticipate extraordinary departures from the FDA’s recent priorities and course of action…Secretary Azar [US Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar] and the White House made it very clear to me that they have been impressed with the things that FDA has been accomplishing and they don’t want to disrupt this strong progress. There will be no pause at FDA. So we’ll continue to focus on innovation and efficiency in order to bring more new medical products more quickly to the public and to ensure that FDA’s processes are as modern, efficient, and risk-based as possible across the Agency. We want to continue to encourage the regulatory certainty, flexibility, and transparency that allows industry to innovate and the public and stakeholders to get what they need." Product innovation: Under Gottlieb’s tenure as FDA Commissoner, the FDA approved a record number of new molecular entities (NMEs) in 2018, eclipsing the previous record of 53 set in 1996 and the 46 NMEs approved in 2017, which had been a recent high. In his remarks at the FDLI conference, Sharpless emphasized the agency’s commitment to product innovation, including the use of the agency’s expedited approval tools, such as fast-track, breakthrough therapy, accelerated approval, and priority review designations, which were involved in 73% of the novel drug approvals by the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) in 2018. Generics and biosimilars: Sharpless also emphasized the agency’s commitment to cornerstone policy initiatives under Gottlieb: the Drug Competition Action Plan, a plan to address the cost of prescription drugs by increasing drug competition by improving the process for generic-drug development, review, and approval, and the Biosimilars Action Plan, a plan designed to accelerate biosimilar competition...”[W]e had a very strong year in our work to increase competition and to help reign in prescription drug costs through advances in our generic drug and biosimilars programs,” said Sharpless in his comments. “This past fiscal year we set an all-time record of 971 full and tentative approval actions for generic drugs, including 95 first-time generic drugs. Importantly, this list includes several competitive generic therapy designations, developed to improve access and foster competition for drugs that face inadequate competition. Likewise, many of the generic approvals were of complex generics, which can involve special challenges in ‘genericizing’ and which may need additional support for their development...We launched our Biosimilars Action Plan to accelerate biosimilar competition. This plan is beginning to work: last year, we approved a record number of biosimilar products, meaning patients can receive the treatments they need while the market benefits from increased competition and ultimately lower costs.” Drug shortages: Sharpless also stressed the continued importance of the FDA’s role in preventing drug shortages. The industry reached an inflection point in drug shortages in 2011, when the number of drug shortages, particularly generic sterile injectable drugs, rose, causing the federal government to take action to better oversee and monitor potential drug shortages. In 2011, the FDA reported 251 drug shortages in the US, of which 183, or 73%, were for injectable drugs. In July 2012, President Barack Obama signed into law the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA), which provided the FDA with new authorities to help the agency combat drug shortages, including reporting requirements for manufacturers to report information about shortages to the FDA, the reasons for the shortages, and the expected duration of those shortages. FDASIA also required the FDA to establish a task force on drug shortages that is responsible for developing and submitting to Congress a strategic plan to enhance the FDA’s response to preventing and mitigating drug shortages. Continuing with its policy goal of limiting the number of drug shortages, the FDA formed last year (July 2018) a new Drug Shortages Task Force, led by Keagan Lenihan, the FDA’s Associate Commissioner for Strategic Initiatives. The task force is charged to delve into why some drug shortages remain a persistent challenge and to look for solutions to addressing the underlying causes for these shortages. “We also have worked to limit shortages of medically necessary medications,” said Sharpless in his comments before the FDLI conference. “Last year, we successfully worked with manufacturers to prevent 160 drug shortages and identified only 54 new shortages. That’s about one fifth of the peak shortage year of 2011.” Opioid crisis: Sharpless also addressed challenges for the FDA, most notably the ongoing opioid crisis. “This is one of the most troubling public health crises our nation has faced, causing widespread tragedy to families and undermining communities,” he said. “FDA has an important role to play in combatting the opioid crisis, both individually and in collaboration with other federal and state agencies.” With respect to the pharmaceutical industry, he emphasized that the agency is continuing its work to support the development of drugs to treat pain that are not addictive or are abuse-deterrent. “We are planning updated guidance outlining the appropriate clinical endpoints and clinical trial approaches for the development of non-opioid drugs for use in the treatment of acute and chronic pain. And we’ll also be exploring new methods for analyzing and evaluating abuse-deterrent features,” he said. He also emphasized how the FDA will address the opioid issue through other means, such as new packaging requirements. “Congress’s passage last year of the bipartisan Substance Use-Disorder Prevention that Promotes Opioid Recovery and Treatment for Patients and Communities Act, (or the SUPPORT Act), authorized FDA to more forcefully address the opioid problem in several ways. To give you just one example, the law allows FDA to require certain packaging configurations, including short-duration packaging for outpatient dispensing. Our research suggests that for many acute pain indications where opioids are used, just a day or two of these drugs is appropriate. We’re considering whether to mandate that certain oral forms of immediate-release opioid formulations be made available in small quantities in blister packaging. You’ll be hearing more about this in the near future." Regulation of new modalities: Sharpless also addressed how the FDA facilitates the development of new modalities, such as gene and cell therapies, which are regulated through FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER). “We received over 200 gene therapy INDs [investigational new drug applications] last year. Our goal is to support this work and advance the field while being transparent about our expectations. As a result, we issued numerous guidance documents with more on the way,” he said. ”The second area of CBER where we’re seeing an extraordinary pace of progress is in the development of cellular therapies and, especially, stem cell products,” he said. “We’re doing everything we can to support this growing industry. But even as we do so, we want to maintain our focus on compliance and enforcement. We won’t tolerate dangerous stem cell clinics who make dubious or unproven claims that their cellular products will treat age-related or other serious or life-threatening conditions.” Janet Woodcock FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research New review process for NDAs and BLAs Aside from overarching policy initiatives, a large initiative at CDER, and outlined by CDER’s Director, Janet Woodcock at the FDLI conference, is a modernization of the FDA’s review process for new drug applications (NDAs) and biologic license applications (BLAs). That plan will be instituted over the next two years and involves six main goals: advancing scientific leadership to further involve academic medical scientists and patient/disease advocates, evaluate scientific gaps, and strategically foster drug development; achieving a more integrated, cross-disciplinary approach within the agency for drug assessments and reviews; having a unified post-market safety surveillance framework for benefit–risk monitoring across the product lifecycle; managing talent with authority provided by the FDA from the 21st Century Cures Act authorities to recruit and retain technical, scientific and professional experts and eliminate the FDA’s backlog of vacant positions; improving operational excellence by addressing CDER’s Office of New Drugs' large-volume workload through greater process standardization and better-defined roles and responsibilities to enable the agency’s scientists to focus on science, not ancillary tasks; and facilitate knowledge management to increase the speed and efficiency of submission assessment, and increase the consistency and predictability of regulatory decision-making. To achieve these goals, CDER is working on six main initiatives: integrated review for marketing applications by developing a streamlined interdisciplinary review process and template to support the new integrated review for assessing NDA/BLAs; IND review management by streamlining the IND scientific review processes for managing IND applications, beginning with 30-day safety reviews and protocols; post-market safety management by creating a standardized, consistent, and effective approach to post-market drug safety; assessing talent by developing an effective and consistent process for hiring, onboarding, developing and evaluating new clinical and pharmacological/toxicological reviewers; reorganization and transition management through the planning, coordinating, and implementing modernization and organization changes at the future Office and Division levels across the New Drugs Program; and administrative operations with a focus to optimize administrative and clerical staff roles, structure, and functions to enhance customer focus and employee engagement.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line678
__label__wiki	0.95049	0.95049	Champions League: Messi thrills in Guardiola's return Motez Bishara, CNN Updated 0928 GMT (1728 HKT) May 8, 2015 Lionel Messi of Barcelona chips the ball over goalkeeper Manuel Neuer of Bayern Muenchen to score his team's second goal during the UEFA Champions League Semi Final, first leg match between FC Barcelona and FC Bayern Muenchen at Camp Nou on May 6, 2015 in Barcelona, Spain. Bayern Munich's Spanish head coach Pep Guardiola looks down during the UEFA Champions League football match FC Barcelona vs FC Bayern Muenchen at the Camp Nou stadium in Barcelona on May 6, 2015. Bayern Munich's Spanish head coach Pep Guardiola (L) and Barcelona's coach Luis Enrique greet each other before the UEFA Champions League football match FC Barcelona vs FC Bayern Muenchen at the Camp Nou stadium in Barcelona on May 6, 2015.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line688
__label__cc	0.504594	0.495406	Is it time for the end of the UN Security Council? Revision as of 19:05, 3 December 2013 by John (talk \| contribs) Lecturer and writer Phil Leech and researcher Richard Gowan argue. Phil Leech lectures in International Relations and Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Liverpool. He started and is the editor of www.globalisationcafe.com and helps as an editor for www.thinkir.co.uk Phil – YES, end the Security Council: The UN Security Council (UNSC) is now old fashioned in the way it looks at international politics. The idea behind UNSC was for it to be an active part of the UN - to act against states that do not respect other countries, to act for world peace. But in fact the Security Council is very Western. It is too interested in the rights and interests of states but not of individuals or human societies. It is not ready to act on many of the important problems of the world today. Only the UNSC big five countries have the power to give a no vote. They are three close Western friends – the US, Britain and France (all NATO members) – and their traditional ‘great power’ opponents: Russia and China. These special five make it difficult for us to see the UNSC as fair. And the three Western powers have for a long time acted without the UN when it helps them, for example, in Iraq and Kosovo. They also ignore their responsibilities when it helps them, for example, in Rwanda and Darfur. But they are ready to use their special position to protect themselves or their friends. This is wrong. There is a difference between the basic idea of the UN, the actions of the UNSC, and the idea of fairness in two ways. First, the UN sees states as the only correct form of human organization. But there are many different kinds of state. Second, the UNSC helps only a few, very special, states. This is why I think that it is time for the end of the UNSC. Richard Gowan is research director at New York University’s Center on International Cooperation and a senior policy fellow at the European Council on Foreign Relations. He studies peacekeeping and conflict prevention as well as the European Union and United Nations. Richard – NO, don’t end the Security Council: You are right. The Security Council, like life, is not fair. But this was not the idea of the UNSC. Its main job is to help when big powers argue and so reduce the risks of major war. In the past few years the US has made deals with China and Russia on Iran, North Korea and, most recently, Syria through the UN. The process is often ugly and the human costs are terrible – as the deaths in Syria show. But I think that UN help is still better than arguments between Beijing, Moscow, and Washington. I would like to see more big powers, like Brazil and India, become full-time members of the Council. Then people will believe it is a power to help in arguments between countries. But of course I do like the Council’s humanitarian role. The UN has over 100,000 peacekeepers around the world in places like Haiti and Darfur. This shows that the Security Council is more serious now than it was during the Cold War. UN peacekeeping is not perfect and clearly the interests of the big powers affect it. Haiti got attention because it is near the US. But sometimes big powers agree to do good things for not very good reasons. But let’s think about your idea of ending the Security Council. What would you have in its place? Nongovernment Organisations (NGOs)? Oxfam and Amnesty International would have more positive talks than China and the US, But what could they do? Perhaps it’s a good idea to find any 15 people from around the world to discuss war and peace and not the Security Council. I don’t really think that. I agree with NGOs and activists looking at what the UN is doing. The Security Council is not the best way to organise the world. But is there really another way? So you agree that the system is not fair and doesn’t work very well. You say that the UNSC is important for great powers to talk. But between 1949 and 1971 China had no seat on the UNSC. And there was no great war between the great powers. But there were US-led wars nearby in Korea and Vietnam. But the USSR and the US nearly started a nuclear war over Cuba and they were both members of the UNSC. It was not politics in New York that stopped war in 1962, but the idea that the two countries would destroy each other! Something like this is surely stopping problems in Delhi, Islamabad, and Pyongyang now. And the biggest problem today is not a war between great powers but climate change. Four of the UNSC’s five are in the top 10 countries for C02 emissions. China and the US are number one and two! What is better than this unfair system? My answer is simple: a fairer one! Better than the UNSC is a system that looks at what the great powers are doing before it is too late. Richard – NO, don’t end the Security Council: No, I don’t think that the Security Council is the one and only way to stop a world war. If it were, we’d all be dead. But I think it is a helpful way to reduce tensions between major states and in the world. And I don’t agree with your point about China. Beijing sent hundreds of thousands of troops to fight the US-led forces in Korea. And the Security Council had agreed this in the 1950s. So yes, because China was not on the Security Council did add to Cold War tensions. But I agree about Cuba. That is enough history. I agree that the Security Council is no use on climate change. But no one is doing much better. The 2009 Copenhagen summit finished with President Obama making a backroom deal with Brazil, China, India, and South Africa. This was no fairer than the way the five Security Council members solve problems. Phil – YES, end the Security Council: Chinese troops were in Korea but that is not against my point. There was no big war between the two countries. Instead, the example is like the other Cold War conflicts in Afghanistan, Angola and possibly the Middle East. It was a ‘balance of power’ that stopped a full great power war, not talks by all the sides, and certainly not the UNSC. ‘Fairness’ and ‘democracy’ are not only words; they mean much more for people who suffer in countries where there is no fairness or democracy. Flying the flags - does the UNSC speak for all countries? munksynz under a CC Licence The UNSC is not just an organisation which seems independent but an organisation based on ‘neoliberal institutionalism’. It helps certain states and certain groups more than others. I think that when we have problems like climate change, this situation is harmful. The countries who created climate change are the countries who can take action on climate change. This means they have no reason to make the important changes we need. If you really believe in all sides talking together, we need to change the power in the world so weak countries can have an influence and we can look at what the great powers are doing and make them think. So end the UNSC and have an organisation that really changes things. We need a system that shares power equally not a system that still gives the power to the few big countries. Richard - NO, don’t end the Security Council: The good news is that many organizations represent weaker states or unite civil-society actors from around the world. For example, the Alliance of Small Island States, which talks about the dangers of rising sea levels to its members; and the global protest movement Occupy. The bad news is that these groups find it difficult to change the power situation in the world. China thinks economic growth is more important than small islands. The Occupy movement made US capitalists angry but did not win against them. To make these changes, you need a global revolution. Before that happens, I believe it is possible and necessary to work with the balance of power we have now to do some good in the world. I agree that the Security Council rests on the balance of power but I believe that it helps in situations of great risk. Yes, there were Cold War proxy wars in the Middle East, but the US and USSR went back to the UN again and again to make deals to stop those wars. But of course we would agree that the UN has not helped the Palestinians. Since the Cold War, the Security Council has sent peacekeepers to help fair elections in places like Cambodia and Mali. Again, some of those elections were unfair and the peacekeepers did not help in Srebrenica and Rwanda. I know there are problems with the Security Council and the UN. I agree with what you say about climate change. But I think that we can save some lives and help with the UNSC. As this article has been simplified, the words, text structure and quotes may have been changed. For the original, please see: http://newint.org/sections/argument/2013/12/01/argument-junk-un-security-council/ Retrieved from "https://eewiki.newint.org/index.php?title=Is_it_time_for_the_end_of_the_UN_Security_Council%3F&oldid=2701"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line691
__label__cc	0.627948	0.372052	On the road with the SAB: Palmyra, New York -- the birthplace of Mormonism After Philip subbed for me at the Magnet Theater in New York City, we headed west toward Palmyra, New York -- the birthplace of Mormonism. We started with a guided tour of the Grandin Printing Shop, where the Book of Mormon was first printed in 1830. Then we toured the Smith family log home and visited the "sacred grove" where Jesus and his father first appeared to the 14-year old Joseph Smith. We finished up by climbing Hill Cumorah, where he dug up the golden plates. Our tour guide was a nice young woman who tried her very best to convert us. She insisted that we give the Moroni challenge a try in the sacred grove. (This challenge is based on Moroni 10:4, which is the John 3:16 equivalent in Mormonism.) We agreed to do so if she would read Deuteronomy 13:6-10 and explain how a kind and loving God could inspire such a passage. She promised to read it and send us her explanation in an email. I'll let you how that turns out. So Philip and I took the Moroni 10:4 challenge in the sacred grove. And here's Philip at the Moroni monument on the top of Hill Cumorah. Next stop: Mundelein, Illinois. Looks like I may get the chance to meet and break bread with the Wells team! As for the "challenge", I sometimes tell proselytizers that when I pray for something, I never get it. They always say that it's because I am not a believer. So my challenge for them is this: "Since you are a believer, and presumably in the good graces of the deity, why don't you pray for ME to become a believer?" Since all things are possible if they are sincerely prayed for, this should be a win-win for god. However, if it doesn't happen, there are several possibilities: 1) I am more powerful than god since I can resist his influence, 2) god just really wants me to burn, in which case he's a real dick, 3) the bible lies, 4) god doesn't exist. I'll go with #4, since it's the most likely. :-) Steve Weeks Thu Nov 07, 10:39:00 AM 2013 I often wonder if Joseph Smith was having a little joke on his followers with "Moroni"... "Moron-I", sort of like Isaac Asimov's "Robot-I". Thu Nov 07, 02:32:00 PM 2013 My wife and I just spent an enjoyable hour or so with Steve Wells and his sons Philip and Dominic. How good it was to finally meet and find our common ground. Safe travels, Guys! Fri Nov 08, 07:56:00 PM 2013 srizals said... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bO363h0qh8#t=255 “The word of Mohammad is a voice direct from nature's own heart - all else is wind in comparison.” ― Thomas Carlyle Fri Nov 15, 01:23:00 AM 2013 Thanks for the Muhammad (pb&jbuh) spam, srizals. Here's one for you: "The Prophet ... said, 'I have been preferred over my nation in four things – generosity, courage, abundance of sexual intercourse and great power.' The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was a modest person." From the Ash-Shifa, page 56. Steve, I think you are doing a major dis-service to PB&J (may its good fat and tasty carbs ever prosper) here. If the prophet was a modest person, then atheism is a religion! ;-) Well, he is the messenger of God, Steve, how these, do you know about them too? His forgiveness Hadrat Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a Jewess came to Allah's Messenger (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) with poisoned mutton and he took of what had been brought to him. (When the effect of his poison were felt by him) he called for her and asked her about that, whereupon she said: I had determined to kill you. Thereupon he said: Allah will never give you the power to do it. He (the narrator) said that they (the Companions of the Holy Prophet) said: Should we not kill her? Thereupon he said: No. He (Anas) said: I felt (the effects of this poison) on the uvula of Allah's Messenger. (Muslim) It has been narrated on the authority of Hadrat Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that eighty persons from the inhabitants of Makka swooped down upon Allah's Messenger (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) from the mountain of Tan'im. They were armed and wanted to attack the Holy Prophet (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) and his Companions unawares. He (the Holy Prophet) captured them but spared their lives. So, Allah (The Glorified and the Exalted) revealed the verse: "And It is He Who restrained your hands from them and their hands from you in the valley of Makkah after He had given you a victory over them." (48:24) (Muslim) His trust in Allah (The Glorified and the Exalted) It has been narrated on the authority of Hadrat Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that, on the Day of Hunain, Umm Sulaim took out a dagger she had in her possession. Hadrat Abu Talha (may Allah be pleased with him) saw her and said: Messenger of Allah, this is Umm Sulaim. She is holding a dagger. Allah's Messenger (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) asked (her): What for are you holding that dagger? She said: I took it up so that I may tear open the belly of a polytheist who comes near me. Allah's Messenger (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) began to smile (at those words). She said: Messenger of Allah, kill all those people-other than us- whom thou hast declared to be free (on the day of the Conquest of Makka). (They embraced Islam because) they were defeated at your hands (and as such their Islam is not dependable). Allah's Messenger (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) said: Umm Sulaim, Allah is sufficient (against the mischief of the polytheists) and He will be kind to us (so you need not carry this dagger). (Muslim) http://www.iqra.net/Hadith/sifat.php Would you have done the same? I mean with all the power and influence that he had. By the way, it's on page 57, Steve. What's your opinion on this one, Steve, could you share with us? "The first story is set in the immediate aftermath of the surrender of Mecca to Muslim forces in 630 C.E. The Prophet had been born in Mecca in 570 C.E. and had received his first revelations from the Angel Gabriel at the age of 40, calling the Arabs to reject polytheism and embrace the One God of Abraham. His critique of the profitable religious cult in Mecca won him many followers from the poor and oppressed classes, and especially among women, who saw him as a champion of their rights in a word where pre-Islamic Arabs often buried infant girls alive. But his teachings earned him the enmity of the ruling class of Mecca, who showered insults and abuse on his followers for over a decade. Finally, in 622 C.E., the Prophet escaped an assassination attempt and was forced to flee to the oasis of Medina, where his followers survived years of military attacks from Mecca meant to annihilate their community. And yet Islam continued to grow and spread, as it offered a better, more egalitarian way of life than the Meccan cult that served only the wealthy. Eight years after the Prophet fled his home, the beleaguered Meccans surrendered the city to the Muslims who were now the most powerful group in Arabia. The Prophet returned home as absolute ruler, with no fear of reprisal from any of his enemies. The Meccans feared that he would take vengeance on them for 20 years of vicious attacks. The Prophet certainly could have taken revenge; in the cruel world of desert warfare recorded in the books of Old Testament, no one would have been surprised if he killed all of his opponents. And yet he did something that left his enemies flabbergasted. He forgave them. The Prophet declared a general amnesty and offered the leaders of Mecca who had fought him positions of honor in the new Muslim community. And most remarkable of all was how he treated Hind, the cruel queen of Mecca who had desecrated the corpse of the Prophet's beloved uncle Hamza (she had cannibalized Hamza's liver, an act considered barbaric even by her own people). The Prophet forgave Hind and let her go." http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kamran-pasha/the-mercy-of-prophet-muhammad_b_1879601.html Can you name any man you know, then and now with such character? I know Marquis de Sade, and he was like you. Do you know him, Steve? "The Prophet ... would visit all of his wives in the same hour. ... In the matter of sexual intercourse, the Prophet was given the power of forty men. ... Prophet Solomon and David were endowed with the same ability. ... In the loins of Solomon there was the semen of one hundred men." Ash-shifa p.56 Sat Nov 16, 06:33:00 AM 2013 It must be AWESOME to have such a stud as your fearless leader! What are you getting at Steve? Is it deplorable and morally degrading to have sex with your wife? Is this the basis of morality of atheist? Are you a monk atheist priest wannabe or something? Don't you ever have sex with your wife? Do you have some inferiority regarding of manliness that you envied the duty of a successful man to his wife? Then I have to wonder how did your parents brought you to this world. Were they not loving and morally upright husband and wife? Stephen, it is not that awesome to have "half a man" to be anything. Ask the ladies, they know. As a matter a fact, ask your wife. Sun Nov 17, 06:01:00 PM 2013 Atheists like to ask a lot don't they, but rarely answer. I wonder why? Lacking of peer reviewed research to help them think for themselves, I guess? Oh, well. "Jeffrey Dahmer, an infamous serial killer and atheist sentenced to 900 years in prison, said “if a person doesn’t think that there is a God to be accountable to, then what’s the point of trying to modify your behavior to keep it within acceptable ranges?”. He brutally killed seventeen men and boys, dismembering them, storing their parts and indulging in cannibalism and necrophilia. In 1991, he was caught by the police after one of his would-be victims escaped. Despite pleading not guilty on the basis on insanity, the court found him sane and fully accountable. He later expressed remorse." http://listverse.com/2010/06/05/10-people-who-give-atheism-a-bad-name/ Atheism is not the way, it lacks in responsibility, respect, love and wisdom. Pol Pot, Stalin, Luka Magnotta, Chin Peng, Mao, aborters of babies from 4 months onwards have something in common. They think they have the right to do anything and won't be accountable to God. Some said, it's political driven not because of atheism. Well, they can keep on fooling themselves. The little red book of Mao would shun anyone to be an atheist. Or should atheists believed Richard Dawkins that theorised how the gay genes survived the caveman period by seducing their wives/women while the manly caveman went out hunting? Being not that manly, hey, Stephen? Life is not a theory. It's made of dreams and hope, normal and the paranormal, seen and the unseen, honesty, courage, wisdom, sweat, sacrifices, humanity, practicality and wits, which Atheism is severely lacking. Atheism is not going anywhere. It is full of baseless emotional "material logical" thinking and theories that cloud it's judgement. It is on a self destruct mode. It always have, it always does. The cult of death that tries to humour itself out of its true existence and meaning by vilifying others. Only those with eyes wide shut would choose to be a believer. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHDCAllQgS0 Steve is constantly referring to the book, As Shifa that was published in 2006 to debate me, instead of the Koran and the hadith books, where referencing would be much easier and direct for all of us. I wonder why? Another theory, Steve. What's your say? Can you express yourself outside of your writing, Steve? Is Science and theory perfect to be a belief system replacing God? "Dr Ellis says that while the planet meets humans’ needs for the most part, it does not perhaps serve the species’ interests as well as the aliens who dropped us off imagined. In his book, HUMANS ARE NOT FROM EARTH: A SCIENTIFIC EVALUATION OF THE EVIDENCE, the ecologist writes the human race has defects that mark it of being ‘not of this world’. ‘Mankind is supposedly the most highly developed species on the planet, yet is surprisingly unsuited and ill-equipped for Earth's environment: harmed by sunlight, a strong dislike for naturally occurring foods, ridiculously high rates of chronic disease, and more,’ he told Yahoo. Dr Ellis says that humans might suffer from bad backs because they evolved on a world with lower gravity." Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2507377/Humans-NOT-come-Earth--sunburn-bad-backs-pain-labour-prove-expert-claims.html#ixzz2kxtQA3lc @srizals- Haha...I asked my wife. She said even if I were half a man she'd prefer me to someone who'd be sticking it in multiple women in an hour's time. That's a good way to catch a disease. And not much enjoyment for the women, though you might not know so much about that. I'd ask how your wife feels, but that would be reaching below the belt. Mon Nov 18, 04:01:00 AM 2013 @Stephen -"That's a good way to catch a disease", correct if multiple partners, men and women, both are involved. I've never heard any faithful husbands or wives caught any HPV or HIV before. Unless they went astray out of wedlock. Well, have you? ""But do you mean to tell me that the man who in the full flush of youthful vigour, a young man of four and twenty (24), married a woman much his senior, and remained faithful to her for six and twenty years (26), at fifty years of age when the passions are dying married for lust and sexual passion? Not thus are men's lives to be judged. And you look at the women whom he married, you will find that by every one of them an alliance was made for his people, or something was gained for his followers, or the woman was in sore need of protection." Annie Besant, The Life and Teachings of Muhammad, Madras 1932, p. 4 http://www.gainpeace.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=63:what-non-muslim-scholars-said-about-prop On the road with the SAB: Red Top Mountain and A. ... On the road with the SAB: The Magnet Theater in Ne... On the road with the SAB: Palmyra, New York -- the... Drunk With Blood: Audiobook preview Pat Condell: How gay is Islam? Slide show of our SAB road trip The Skeptic's Annotated "Noah" trailer God hates ornaments The Poverty and Justice Bible: Another exercise in... Pope Francis: Islam and the Quran are opposed to e...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line698
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Data protection for applications and the application procedures The data controller shall collect and process the personal data of applicants for the purpose of the processing of the application procedure. The processing may also be carried out electronically. This is the case, in particular, if an applicant submits corresponding application documents by e-mail or by means of a web form on the website to the controller. If the data controller concludes an employment contract with an applicant, the submitted data will be stored for the purpose of processing the employment relationship in compliance with legal requirements. If no employment contract is concluded with the applicant by the controller, the application documents shall be automatically erased two months after notification of the refusal decision, provided that no other legitimate interests of the controller are opposed to the erasure. Other legitimate interest in this relation is, e.g. a burden of proof in a procedure under the General Equal Treatment Act (AGG). Data Protection provisions about the application and use of AddThis On this website, the data controller has integrated components of the enterprise AddThis. AddThis is a so-called bookmarking provider. The service allows for simplified bookmarking of Internet pages via buttons. By clicking on the AddThis component with the mouse, or by clicking on it, a list of bookmarking and sharing services is displayed. AddThis is used on over 15 million websites, and the buttons are displayed, according to the information of the operating enterprise, over 20 billion times a year. The operating company of AddThis is AddThis, Inc. 1595 Spring Hill Road, Suite 300, Vienna, VA 22182, United States. By calling up one of the individual pages of the website, which is operated by the controller, and on which an AddThis component has been integrated, the Internet browser of the data subject is automatically prompted by the respective AddThis component to download data from the website www.addthis.com. Within the framework of this technical procedure, AddThis is informed of the visit and the specific individual page of this website that was used by the data subject with the help of information technology. In addition, AddThis is informed about the IP address of the computer system assigned by the Internet service provider (ISP) and used by the data subject, the browser type and language, the web page accessed before our website, the date and the time of the visit to our website. AddThis uses this data to create anonymous user profiles. The data and information transmitted to AddThis in this way will enable the enterprise AddThis, as well as affiliates or their partner-enterprises, to contact visitors of the web pages of the controller with personalized and interest-based advertising. AddThis displays personalized and interest-based advertising on the basis of a cookie set by the enterprise. This cookie analyzes the individual surfing behavior of the computer system used by the data subject. The cookie saves the computer-based outgoing visits to Internet pages. The data subject may, at any time, prevent the setting of cookies through our website by means of a corresponding setting of the Internet browser used, and thus permanently deny the setting of cookies. Such a setting of the Internet browser used would also prevent AddThis from setting a cookie on the information technology system of the data subject. Cookies may also be deleted by AddThis at any time via an Internet browser or other software programs. The data subject also has the possibility of objecting permanently to the processing of personal data by AddThis. For this purpose, the data subject must click on the opt-out button under the link http://www.addthis.com/privacy/opt-out, which sets an opt-out cookie. The opt-out cookie used for this purpose is placed on the information technology system used by the data subject. If the data subject deletes the cookies from his system, then the data subject must call up the link again and set a new opt-out cookie. With the setting of the opt-out cookie, however, the possibility exists that the websites of the controller are not fully usable anymore by the data subject. The applicable data protection provisions of AddThis may be accessed under http://www.addthis.com/privacy/privacy-policy. Data protection provisions about the application and use of Facebook If the data subject is logged in at the same time on Facebook, Facebook detects with every call-up to our website by the data subject—and for the entire duration of their stay on our Internet site—which specific sub-site of our Internet page was visited by the data subject. This information is collected through the Facebook component and associated with the respective Facebook account of the data subject. If the data subject clicks on one of the Facebook buttons integrated into our website, e.g. the „Like“ button, or if the data subject submits a comment, then Facebook matches this information with the personal Facebook user account of the data subject and stores the personal data. Data protection provisions about the application and use of Google Analytics (with anonymization function) For the web analytics through Google Analytics the controller uses the application „_gat. _anonymizeIp“. By means of this application the IP address of the Internet connection of the data subject is abridged by Google and anonymised when accessing our websites from a Member State of the European Union or another Contracting State to the Agreement on the European Economic Area. Data protection provisions about the application and use of Google Remarketing On this website, the controller has integrated Google Remarketing services. Google Remarketing is a feature of Google AdWords, which allows an enterprise to display advertising to Internet users who have previously resided on the enterprise’s Internet site. The integration of Google Remarketing therefore allows an enterprise to create user-based advertising and thus shows relevant advertisements to interested Internet users. The operating company of the Google Remarketing services is the Google Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy, Mountain View, CA 94043-1351, United States. The purpose of Google Remarketing is the insertion of interest-relevant advertising. Google Remarketing allows us to display ads on the Google network or on other websites, which are based on individual needs and matched to the interests of Internet users. Google Remarketing sets a cookie on the information technology system of the data subject. The definition of cookies is explained above. With the setting of the cookie, Google enables a recognition of the visitor of our website if he calls up consecutive web pages, which are also a member of the Google advertising network. With each call-up to an Internet site on which the service has been integrated by Google Remarketing, the web browser of the data subject identifies automatically with Google. During the course of this technical procedure, Google receives personal information, such as the IP address or the surfing behaviour of the user, which Google uses, inter alia, for the insertion of interest relevant advertising. The cookie is used to store personal information, e.g. the Internet pages visited by the data subject. Each time we visit our Internet pages, personal data, including the IP address of the Internet access used by the data subject, is transmitted to Google in the United States of America. These personal data are stored by Google in the United States of America. Google may pass these personal data collected through the technical procedure to third parties. The data subject may, as stated above, prevent the setting of cookies through our website at any time by means of a corresponding adjustment of the web browser used and thus permanently deny the setting of cookies. Such an adjustment to the Internet browser used would also prevent Google from setting a cookie on the information technology system of the data subject. In addition, cookies already in use by Google may be deleted at any time via a web browser or other software programs. In addition, the data subject has the possibility of objecting to the interest-based advertising by Google. For this purpose, the data subject must call up the link to www.google.de/settings/ads and make the desired settings on each Internet browser used by the data subject. Further information and the actual data protection provisions of Google may be retrieved under https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/privacy/. Data protection provisions about the application and use of Google+ Data protection provisions about the application and use of Google-AdWords On this website, the controller has integrated Google AdWords. Google AdWords is a service for Internet advertising that allows the advertiser to place ads in Google search engine results and the Google advertising network. Google AdWords allows an advertiser to pre-define specific keywords with the help of which an ad on Google’s search results only then displayed, when the user utilizes the search engine to retrieve a keyword-relevant search result. In the Google Advertising Network, the ads are distributed on relevant web pages using an automatic algorithm, taking into account the previously defined keywords. Data protection provisions about the application and use of Instagram On this website, the controller has integrated components of the service Instagram. Instagram is a service that may be qualified as an audiovisual platform, which allows users to share photos and videos, as well as disseminate such data in other social networks. The operating company of the services offered by Instagram is Instagram LLC, 1 Hacker Way, Building 14 First Floor, Menlo Park, CA, UNITED STATES. With each call-up to one of the individual pages of this Internet site, which is operated by the controller and on which an Instagram component (Insta button) was integrated, the Internet browser on the information technology system of the data subject is automatically prompted to the download of a display of the corresponding Instagram component of Instagram. During the course of this technical procedure, Instagram becomes aware of what specific sub-page of our website was visited by the data subject. If the data subject is logged in at the same time on Instagram, Instagram detects with every call-up to our website by the data subject—and for the entire duration of their stay on our Internet site—which specific sub-page of our Internet page was visited by the data subject. This information is collected through the Instagram component and is associated with the respective Instagram account of the data subject. If the data subject clicks on one of the Instagram buttons integrated on our website, then Instagram matches this information with the personal Instagram user account of the data subject and stores the personal data. Instagram receives information via the Instagram component that the data subject has visited our website provided that the data subject is logged in at Instagram at the time of the call to our website. This occurs regardless of whether the person clicks on the Instagram button or not. If such a transmission of information to Instagram is not desirable for the data subject, then he or she can prevent this by logging off from their Instagram account before a call-up to our website is made. Further information and the applicable data protection provisions of Instagram may be retrieved under https://help.instagram.com/155833707900388 and https://www.instagram.com/about/legal/privacy/. Data protection provisions about the application and use of LinkedIn The controller has integrated components of the LinkedIn Corporation on this website. LinkedIn is a web-based social network that enables users with existing business contacts to connect and to make new business contacts. Over 400 million registered people in more than 200 countries use LinkedIn. Thus, LinkedIn is currently the largest platform for business contacts and one of the most visited websites in the world. The operating company of LinkedIn is LinkedIn Corporation, 2029 Stierlin Court Mountain View, CA 94043, UNITED STATES. For privacy matters outside of the UNITED STATES LinkedIn Ireland, Privacy Policy Issues, Wilton Plaza, Wilton Place, Dublin 2, Ireland, is responsible. With each call-up to one of the individual pages of this Internet site, which is operated by the controller and on which a LinkedIn component (LinkedIn plug-in) was integrated, the Internet browser on the information technology system of the data subject is automatically prompted to the download of a display of the corresponding LinkedIn component of LinkedIn. Further information about the LinkedIn plug-in may be accessed under https://developer.linkedin.com/plugins. During the course of this technical procedure, LinkedIn gains knowledge of what specific sub-page of our website was visited by the data subject. If the data subject is logged in at the same time on LinkedIn, LinkedIn detects with every call-up to our website by the data subject—and for the entire duration of their stay on our Internet site—which specific sub-page of our Internet page was visited by the data subject. This information is collected through the LinkedIn component and associated with the respective LinkedIn account of the data subject. If the data subject clicks on one of the LinkedIn buttons integrated on our website, then LinkedIn assigns this information to the personal LinkedIn user account of the data subject and stores the personal data. LinkedIn receives information via the LinkedIn component that the data subject has visited our website, provided that the data subject is logged in at LinkedIn at the time of the call-up to our website. This occurs regardless of whether the person clicks on the LinkedIn button or not. If such a transmission of information to LinkedIn is not desirable for the data subject, then he or she may prevent this by logging off from their LinkedIn account before a call-up to our website is made. LinkedIn provides under https://www.linkedin.com/psettings/guest-controls the possibility to unsubscribe from e-mail messages, SMS messages and targeted ads, as well as the ability to manage ad settings. LinkedIn also uses affiliates such as Eire, Google Analytics, BlueKai, DoubleClick, Nielsen, Comscore, Eloqua, and Lotame. The setting of such cookies may be denied under https://www.linkedin.com/legal/cookie-policy. The applicable privacy policy for LinkedIn is available under https://www.linkedin.com/legal/privacy-policy. The LinkedIn Cookie Policy is available under https://www.linkedin.com/legal/cookie-policy. Data protection provisions about the application and use of SlideShare On this website, the controller has integrated SlideShare components. LinkedIn SlideShare as a file hosting service allows you to exchange and archive presentations and other documents, such as PDF files, videos, and webinars. The file hosting service allows users to upload media content in all popular formats, with the documents either publicly-accessible or private-labeled. The operating company of SlideShare is LinkedIn Corporation, 2029 Stierlin Court Mountain View, CA 94043, United States. For privacy matters outside of the United States the LinkedIn Ireland, Privacy Policy Issues, Wilton Plaza, Wilton Place, Dublin 2, Ireland, is responsible. LinkedIn SlideShare provides so-called embedded codes for the media content (e.g. presentations, PDF files, videos, photos, etc.) stored there. Embedded codes are program codes that are embedded in the Internet pages to display external content on their own website. Embedded codes allow content to be reproduced on its own website without storing it on its own server, possibly violating the right of reproduction of the respective author of the content. A further advantage of the use of an embedded code is that the respective operator of a website does not use its own storage space and the own server is thereby relieved. An embedded code may be integrated at any point on another website so that an external content may also be inserted within the own text. The purpose of using LinkedIn SlideShare is to relieve our server and to avoid copyright infringements, while at the same time using third-party content. With each call-up to our Internet site, which is equipped with a SlideShare component (embedded code), this component prompts the browser that you are using to download the according embedded data from SlideShare. During the course of this technical procedure, LinkedIn gains knowledge of which specific sub-page of our website is visited by the data subject. If the data subject is logged in on SlideShare at the same time, SlideShare recognizes with each call-up to our website by the data subject and for the entire duration of their stay on our Internet site which specific sub-page was visited by the data subject. This information is collected by SlideShare and assigned to the respective SlideShare account of the data subject through LinkedIn. LinkedIn obtains information via the SlideShare component that the data subject has visited our website, provided that the data subject is logged in at SlideShare at the time of the call-up to our website. This occurs regardless of whether the person clicks on the embedded media data or not. If such a transmission of information to SlideShare is not desirable for the data subject, then he or she may prevent this by logging off from their SlideShare account before a call-up to our website is made. LinkedIn also uses affiliates such as Eire, Google Analytics, BlueKai, DoubleClick, Nielsen, Comscore, Eloqua, and Lotame. The setting of such cookies may be denied under https://www.linkedin.com/legal/cookie-policy. The applicable data protection provisions for LinkedIn is available under https://www.linkedin.com/legal/privacy-policy. Data protection provisions about the application and use of Tumblr On this website, the controller has integrated components of Tumblr. Tumblr is a platform that allows users to create and run a blog. A blog is a web-based, generally publicly-accessible portal on which one or more people called bloggers or web bloggers may post articles or write down thoughts in so-called blogposts. For example, in a Tumblr blog the user can publish text, images, links, and videos, and spread them in the digital space. Furthermore, Tumblr users may import content from other websites into their own blog. The operating company of Tumblr is Tumblr, Inc., 35 East 21st St, Ground Floor, New York, NY 10010, UNITED STATES. Through each call to one of the individual pages of this Internet site, which is operated by the controller and on which a Tumblr component (Tumblr button) has been integrated, the Internet browser on the information technology system of the data subject causes automatically the download of a display of the corresponding Tumblr component of Tumblr. Learn more about the Tumblr-buttons that are available under https://www.tumblr.com/buttons. During the course of this technical procedure, Tumblr becomes aware of what concrete sub-page of our website was visited by the data subject. The purpose of the integration of the Tumblr component is a retransmission of the contents of this website to allow our users to introduce this web page to the digital world and to increase our visitor numbers. If the data subject is logged in at Tumblr, Tumblr detects with every call-up to our website by the data subject—and for the entire duration of their stay on our Internet site—which specific sub-page of our Internet page was visited by the data subject. This information is collected through the Tumblr component and associated with the respective Tumblr account of the data subject. If the data subject clicks on one of the Tumblr buttons, integrated on our website, then Tumblr assigns this information to the personal Tumblr user account of the data subject and stores the personal data. Tumblr receives information via the Tumblr component that the data subject has visited our website, provided that the data subject is logged in at Tumblr at the time of the call-up to our website. This occurs regardless of whether the person clicks on the Tumblr component or not. If such a transfer of information to Tumblr is not desirable for the data subject, then he or she may prevent this by logging off from their Tumblr account before a call-up to our website is made. The applicable data protection provisions of Tumblr may be accessed under https://www.tumblr.com/policy/en/privacy. Data protection provisions about the application and use of Twitter On this website, the controller has integrated components of Twitter. Twitter is a multilingual, publicly-accessible microblogging service on which users may publish and spread so-called ‘tweets,’ e.g. short messages, which are limited to 140 characters. These short messages are available for everyone, including those who are not logged on to Twitter. The tweets are also displayed to so-called followers of the respective user. Followers are other Twitter users who follow a user’s tweets. Furthermore, Twitter allows you to address a wide audience via hashtags, links or retweets. Data protection provisions about the application and use of Xing On this website, the controller has integrated components of XING. XING is an Internet-based social network that enables users to connect with existing business contacts and to create new business contacts. The individual users can create a personal profile of themselves at XING. Companies may, e.g. create company profiles or publish jobs on XING. The operating company of XING is XING SE, Dammtorstraße 30, 20354 Hamburg, Germany. With each call-up to one of the individual pages of this Internet site, which is operated by the controller and on which a XING component (XING plug-in) was integrated, the Internet browser on the information technology system of the data subject is automatically prompted to download a display of the corresponding XING component of XING. Further information about the XING plug-in the may be accessed under https://dev.xing.com/plugins. During the course of this technical procedure, XING gains knowledge of what specific sub-page of our website was visited by the data subject. If the data subject is logged in at the same time on XING, XING detects with every call-up to our website by the data subject—and for the entire duration of their stay on our Internet site—which specific sub-page of our Internet page was visited by the data subject. This information is collected through the XING component and associated with the respective XING account of the data subject. If the data subject clicks on the XING button integrated on our Internet site, e.g. the „Share“-button, then XING assigns this information to the personal XING user account of the data subject and stores the personal data. XING receives information via the XING component that the data subject has visited our website, provided that the data subject is logged in at XING at the time of the call to our website. This occurs regardless of whether the person clicks on the XING component or not. If such a transmission of information to XING is not desirable for the data subject, then he or she can prevent this by logging off from their XING account before a call-up to our website is made. The data protection provisions published by XING, which is available under https://www.xing.com/privacy, provide information on the collection, processing and use of personal data by XING. In addition, XING has published privacy notices for the XING share button under https://www.xing.com/app/share?op=data_protection. Data protection provisions about the application and use of YouTube YouTube’s data protection provisions, available at https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/privacy/, provide information about the collection, processing and use of personal data by YouTube and Google. Data protection provisions about the application and use of DoubleClick On this website, the controller has integrated components of DoubleClick by Google. DoubleClick is a trademark of Google, under which predominantly special online marketing solutions are marketed to advertising agencies and publishers. The operating company of DoubleClick by Google is Google Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy, Mountain View, CA 94043-1351, UNITED STATES. DoubleClick by Google transmits data to the DoubleClick server with each impression, clicks, or other activity. Each of these data transfers triggers a cookie request to the data subject’s browser. If the browser accepts this request, DoubleClick uses a cookie on the information technology system of the data subject. The definition of cookies is explained above. The purpose of the cookie is the optimization and display of advertising. The cookie is used, inter alia, to display and place user-relevant advertising as well as to create or improve reports on advertising campaigns. Furthermore, the cookie serves to avoid multiple display of the same advertisement. DoubleClick uses a cookie ID that is required to execute the technical process. For example, the cookie ID is required to display an advertisement in a browser. DoubleClick may also use the Cookie ID to record which advertisements have already been displayed in a browser in order to avoid duplications. It is also possible for DoubleClick to track conversions through the cookie ID. For instance, conversions are captured, when a user has previously been shown a DoubleClick advertising ad, and he or she subsequently makes a purchase on the advertiser’s website using the same Internet browser. A cookie from DoubleClick does not contain any personal data. However, a DoubleClick cookie may contain additional campaign IDs. A campaign ID is used to identify campaigns that the user has already been in contact with. With each call-up to one of the individual pages of this website, which is operated by the controller and on which a DoubleClick component was integrated, the Internet browser on the information technology system of the data subject is automatically prompted by the respective DoubleClick component to send data for the purpose of online advertising and billing of commissions to Google. During the course of this technical procedure, Google gains knowledge of any data that Google may use to create commission calculations. Google may, inter alia, understand that the data subject has clicked on certain links on our website. Further information and the applicable data protection provisions of DoubleClick may be retrieved under DoubleClick by Google https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/. Data protection provisions about the application and use of Hotjar On this website, the controller has integrated components of Hotjar in order to better understand our users’ needs and to optimize this service and experience. This is a so-called web analysis service. The operating company of Hotjar is Hotjar Ltd., Level 2, St Julians Business Centre, 3, Elia Zammit Street, St Julians STJ 1000, Malta. Hotjar is a technology service that helps us better understand our users experience (e.g. how much time they spend on which pages, which links they choose to click, what users do and don’t like, etc.) and this enables us to build and maintain our service with user feedback. Hotjar uses cookies and other technologies to collect data on our users’ behavior and their devices (in particular device’s IP address (captured and stored only in anonymized form), device screen size, device type (unique device identifiers), browser information, geographic location (country only), preferred language used to display our website). Hotjar stores this information in a pseudonymized user profile. Neither Hotjar nor we will ever use this information to identify individual users or to match it with further data on an individual user. For further details, please see Hotjar’s privacy policy by clicking on this link [Link: https://www.hotjar.com/privacy]. You can opt-out to the creation of a user profile, Hotjar’s storing of data about your usage of our site and Hotjar’s use of tracking cookies on other websites by following this opt-out [Link: https://www.hotjar.com/legal/compliance/opt-out]. The legitimate interests pursued by the controller or by a third party Period for which the personal data will be stored Provision of personal data as statutory or contractual requirement; Requirement necessary to enter into a contract; Obligation of the data subject to provide the personal data; possible consequences of failure to provide such data This Privacy Policy has been generated by the Privacy Policy Generator of the German Association for Data Protection that was developed in cooperation with Privacy Lawyers from WILDE BEUGER SOLMECKE, Cologne. Yes, I would like to receive information about the European Excellence Awards and other products from Quadriga Media Berlin GmbH by email. Any questions? Please contact us: Angelina Scheb Award Manager team@excellence-awards.com Anna Augsburger Event Partnerships © 2019 www.excellence-awards.com We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue, we’ll assume that you agree to this. Please see our data privacy policy for details. OkPrivacy Policy	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line703
__label__cc	0.594117	0.405883	David K. Naugle, ThD, PhD Distinguished University Professor, Chair and professor of Philosophy, Dallas Baptist University David Naugle has served in both administrative and academic capacities at Dallas Baptist University for twenty-three years. Prior to that he taught for seven years in the religion department at the University of Texas-Arlington where he also served concurrently as campus minister for Pantego Bible Church. He has earned doctorates in both theology and philosophy. He is married to Deemie Slade Naugle, associate provost at Dallas Baptist University. They have one daughter, Courtney, who works as volunteer coordinator for Brother Bills Helping Hands in West Dallas. They have a dog named "Kuyper." worldview, Christian faith and culture, philosophy of religion and education Traits of Christian Philosophers Reflection on Gould's Model of Faith and Scholarship: Consistent, Holistic, Realistic? Books by David K. Naugle Philosophy: A Student's Guide (Reclaiming the Christian Intellectual Tradition) Crossway Books, 2012 ISBN #1433531275 Reordered Love, Reordered Lives: Learning the Deep Meaning of Happiness Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2008 Worldview: The History of a Concept	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line705
__label__wiki	0.901712	0.901712	Second Battle of El Alamein The Second Battle of El Alamein (23 October – 11 November 1942) was a battle of the Second World War that took place near the Egyptian railway halt of El Alamein. The First Battle of El Alamein and the Battle of Alam el Halfa had prevented the Axis from advancing further into Egypt. Part of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War 24 October 1942: Soldiers of the 9th Australian Infantry Division in a posed attack. (Photographer: Len Chetwyn) 23 October – 11 November 1942 El Alamein, Egypt Allied victory Free Greeks United States (air support)[1][2] Ettore Bastico Georg Stumme † Erwin Rommel Harold Alexander Bernard Montgomery 116,000 men[3][a] 547 tanks[b] 192 armoured cars[4] 770[6] – 900 aircraft (480 serviceable)[c] 552 artillery pieces[8] 496 anti-tank guns[d] – 1,063[10] 195,000 men[4] 1,029 tanks[e] 730[f] – 750 aircraft (530 serviceable)[g] 892[8] – 908 artillery pieces[4] 1,451 anti-tank guns[4][h] 30,500 to 59,000 men c. 500 tanks 254 guns 64 German and 20 Italian aircraft 13,560 men[i] 332–c. 500 tanks 77 British and 20 US aircraft[13] In August 1942, General Claude Auchinleck had been sacked as Commander-in-Chief Middle East Command and his successor, Lieutenant-General William Gott was killed on his way to replace him as commander of the Eighth Army. Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery was appointed and led the Eighth Army offensive. The Allied victory was the beginning of the end of the Western Desert Campaign, eliminating the Axis threat to Egypt, the Suez Canal and the Middle Eastern and Persian oil fields. The battle revived the morale of the Allies, being the first big success against the Axis since Operation Crusader in late 1941. The battle coincided with the Allied invasion of French North Africa in Operation Torch on 8 November, the Battle of Stalingrad and the Guadalcanal Campaign. Find sources: "Second Battle of El Alamein" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Further information: Second Battle of El Alamein order of battle Erwin Rommel (left) in his Sd.Kfz. 250/3 command halftrack. Panzer Army Africa (Panzerarmee Afrika/Armata Corazzata Africa, Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel), composed of German and Italian tank and infantry units, had advanced into Egypt after its success at the Battle of Gazala (26 May – 21 June 1942). The Axis advance menaced British control of the Suez Canal, the Middle East and its oil resources. General Claude Auchinleck withdrew the Eighth Army to within 80 km (50 mi) of Alexandria where the Qattara Depression was 64 km (40 mi) south of El Alamein on the coast. The depression was impassable and meant that any attack had to be frontal; Axis attacks in the First Battle of El Alamein (1–27 July) were defeated. Eighth Army counter-attacks in July also failed, as the Axis forces dug in and regrouped. Auchinleck called off the attacks at the end of July to rebuild the army. In early August, the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill and General Sir Alan Brooke, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS), visited Cairo and replaced Auchinleck as Commander-in-chief Middle East Command with General Harold Alexander. Lieutenant-General William Gott was made commander of the Eighth Army but was killed when his transport aircraft was shot down by Luftwaffe fighters; Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery was flown from Britain to replace him. Lacking reinforcements and depending on small, underdeveloped ports for supplies, aware of a huge Allied reinforcement operation for the Eighth Army, Rommel decided to attack first. The two armoured divisions of the Afrika Korps and the reconnaissance units of Panzerarmee Afrika led the attack but were repulsed at the Alam el Halfa ridge and Point 102 on 30 August 1942 during the Battle of Alam el Halfa and the Axis forces retired to their start lines. The short front line and secure flanks favoured the Axis defence and Rommel had time to develop the Axis defences, sowing extensive minefields with c. 500,000 mines and miles of barbed wire.[14] Alexander and Montgomery intended to establish a superiority of force sufficient to achieve a breakthrough and exploit it to destroy Panzerarmee Afrika. Earlier in the Western Desert Campaign, neither side had been able to exploit a local victory sufficiently to defeat its opponent before it had withdrawn and transferred the problem of over-extended supply lines to the victor. The British had an intelligence advantage because Ultra and local sources exposed the Axis order of battle, its supply position and intentions. A reorganisation of military intelligence in Africa in July had also improved the integration of information received from all sources and the speed of its dissemination.[15] With rare exceptions, intelligence identified the supply ships destined for North Africa, their location or routing and in most cases their cargoes, allowing them to be attacked.[16] By 25 October, Panzerarmee Afrika was down to three days' supply of fuel, only two days' worth of which were east of Tobruk. Harry Hinsley, the official historian of British intelligence wrote in 1981 that "The Panzer Army... did not possess the operational freedom of movement that was absolutely essential in consideration of the fact that the British offensive can be expected to start any day".[17] Submarine and air transport somewhat eased the shortage of ammunition and by late October, there was sixteen days' supply at the front.[17] After six more weeks, the Eighth Army was ready; 195,000 men and 1,029 tanks began the offensive against the 116,000 men and 547 tanks of the Panzerarmee. PreludeEdit Allied planEdit Operation LightfootEdit Montgomery's plan was for a main attack to the north of the line and a secondary attack to the south, involving XXX Corps (Lieutenant-General Oliver Leese) and XIII Corps (Lieutenant-General Brian Horrocks), while X Corps (Lieutenant-General Herbert Lumsden) was to exploit the success.[18] With Operation Lightfoot, Montgomery intended to cut two corridors through the Axis minefields in the north. One corridor was to run south-west through the 2nd New Zealand Division sector towards the centre of Miteirya Ridge, while the second was to run west, passing 2 mi (3.2 km) north of the west end of the Miteirya Ridge across the 9th Australian and 51st (Highland) Division sectors.[19] Tanks would then pass through and defeat the German armour. Diversions at Ruweisat Ridge in the centre and also the south of the line would keep the rest of the Axis forces from moving northwards. Montgomery expected a 12-day battle in three stages: the break-in, the dogfight and the final breaking of the enemy.[20] For the first night of the offensive, Montgomery planned for four infantry divisions of XXX Corps to advance on a 16 mi (26 km) front to the Oxalic Line, over-running the forward Axis defences. Engineers would clear and mark the two lanes through the minefields, through which the armoured divisions from X Corps would pass to gain the Pierson Line. They would rally and consolidate their position just west of the infantry positions, blocking an Axis tank counter-attack. The British tanks would then advance to Skinflint, astride the north–south Rahman Track deep in the Axis defensive system, to challenge the Axis armour.[19] The infantry battle would continue as the Eighth Army infantry "crumbled" the deep Axis defensive fortifications (three successive lines of fortification had been constructed) and destroy any tanks that attacked them.[21][j] Operation BertramEdit Main article: Operation Bertram The Commonwealth forces practised a number of deceptions in the months before the battle to confuse the Axis command as to the whereabouts of the forthcoming battle and when the battle was likely to occur. This operation was codenamed Operation Bertram. In September, they dumped waste materials (discarded packing cases, etc.) under camouflage nets in the northern sector, making them appear to be ammunition or ration dumps. The Axis naturally noticed these but, as no offensive action immediately followed and the "dumps" did not change in appearance, they were subsequently ignored. This allowed Eighth Army to build up supplies in the forward area unnoticed by the Axis, by replacing the rubbish with ammunition, petrol or rations at night. Meanwhile, a dummy pipeline was built, hopefully leading the Axis to believe the attack would occur much later than it, in fact, did and much further south. To further the illusion, dummy tanks consisting of plywood frames placed over jeeps were constructed and deployed in the south. In a reverse feint, the tanks destined for battle in the north were disguised as supply trucks by placing removable plywood superstructures over them.[23] Operation BraganzaEdit Main article: Operation Braganza As a preliminary, the 131st (Queen's) Infantry Brigade of the 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division, supported by tanks from the 4th Armoured Brigade, launched Operation Braganza attacking the 185th Airborne Division Folgore on the night of 29/30 September in an attempt to capture the Deir el Munassib area. The Italian paratroopers repelled the attack, killing or capturing over 300 of the attackers.[24] It was wrongly assumed that Fallschirmjäger (German paratroopers) had manned the defences and been responsible for the British reverse. The Afrika Korps war diary notes that the Italian paratroops "bore the brunt of the attack. It fought well and inflicted heavy losses on the enemy."[25] Axis planEdit Deployment of forces on the eve of battle. With the failure of the offensive at the Battle of Alam el Halfa, the Axis forces went onto the defensive but losses had not been excessive. The Axis supply line from Tripoli was extremely long and captured Allied supplies and equipment had been exhausted, but Rommel decided to advance into Egypt.[26][27] Georg Stumme in 1940. The Eighth Army was being supplied with men and materials from the United Kingdom, India, Australia and New Zealand, as well as with trucks and the new Sherman tanks from the United States. Rommel continued to request equipment, supplies and fuel but the priority of the German war effort was the Eastern Front and very limited supplies reached North Africa. Rommel was ill and in early September, arrangements were made for him to return to Germany on sick leave and for General der Panzertruppe Georg Stumme to transfer from the Russian front to take his place. Before he left for Germany on 23 September, Rommel organised the defence and wrote a long appreciation of the situation to Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW armed forces high command), once again setting out the essential needs of the Panzer Army.[28] Rommel knew that the British Commonwealth forces would soon be strong enough to attack. His only hope now relied on the German forces fighting in the Battle of Stalingrad quickly to defeat the Red Army, then move south through the Trans-Caucasus and threaten Iran (Persia) and the Middle East. If successful, large numbers of British and Commonwealth forces would have to be sent from the Egyptian front to reinforce the Ninth Army in Iran, leading to the postponement of any offensive against his army. Rommel hoped to convince OKW to reinforce his forces for the eventual link-up between Panzerarmee Afrika and the German armies fighting in southern Russia, enabling them finally to defeat the British and Commonwealth armies in North Africa and the Middle East. In the meantime, the Panzerarmee dug in and waited for the attack by the Eighth Army or the defeat of the Red Army at Stalingrad. Rommel added depth to his defences by creating at least two belts of mines about 3.1 mi (5 km) apart, connected at intervals to create boxes (Devil's gardens) which would restrict enemy penetration and deprive British armour of room for manoeuvre. The front face of each box was lightly held by battle outposts and the rest of the box was unoccupied but sowed with mines and explosive traps and covered by enfilading fire.[29] The main defensive positions were built to a depth of at least 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) behind the second mine belt.[30] The Axis laid around half a million mines, mostly Teller anti-tank mines with some smaller anti-personnel types (such as the S-mine). (Many of these mines were British, and had been captured at Tobruk). To lure enemy vehicles into the minefields, the Italians dragged an axle and tyres through the fields using a long rope to create what appeared to be well-used tracks.[14] Rommel did not want the British armour to break out into the open because he had neither the strength of numbers nor fuel to match them in a battle of manoeuvre. The battle had to be fought in the fortified zones; a breakthrough had to be defeated quickly. Rommel stiffened his forward lines by alternating German and Italian infantry formations. Because the Allied deception confused the Axis as to the point of attack, Rommel departed from his usual practice of holding his armoured strength in a concentrated reserve and split it into a northern group (15th Panzer and Littorio Division) and a southern group (21st Panzer and Ariete Division), each organised into battle groups to be able to make a quick armoured intervention wherever the blow fell and prevent narrow breakthroughs from being enlarged. A significant proportion of his armoured reserve was dispersed and held unusually far forward. The 15th Panzer Division had 125 operational tanks (16 Pz.IIs, 43 Pz.III Ausf H, 43 Pz.III Ausf J, 6 Pz.IV Ausf D, 15 Pz.IV Ausf F) while the 21st Panzer Division had 121 operational combat vehicles (12 Pz.IIs, 38 Pz.III Ausf H, 43 Pz.III Ausf J, 2 Pz.IV Ausf D, 15 Pz.IV Ausf F).[31] Rommel held the 90th Light Division further back and kept the Trieste Motorised Division in reserve near the coast.[32] Rommel hoped to move his troops faster than the Allies, to concentrate his defences at the most important point (Schwerpunkt) but lack of fuel meant that once the Panzerarmee had concentrated, it would not be able to move again because of lack of fuel.[33] The British were well aware that Rommel would be unable to mount a defence based on his usual manoeuvre tactics but no clear picture emerged of how he would fight the battle and British plans seriously underestimated the Axis defences and the fighting power of the Panzerarmee.[34] BattleEdit Phase one: the break-inEdit British night artillery barrage which opened the second Battle of El Alamein Prior to the main barrage, there was a diversion by the 24th Australian Brigade, which involved the 15th Panzer Division being subjected to heavy fire for a few minutes.[35] Then at 21:40 (Egyptian Summer Time) on 23 October[36] on a calm, clear evening under the bright sky of a full moon, Operation Lightfoot began with a 1,000-gun barrage. The fire plan had been arranged so that the first rounds from the 882 guns from the field and medium batteries would land along the 40 mi (64 km) front at the same time.[37] After 20 minutes of general bombardment, the guns switched to precision targets in support of the advancing infantry.[38] The shelling plan continued for five and a half hours, by the end of which each gun had fired about 600 rounds, about 529,000 shells. Operation Lightfoot alluded to the infantry attacking first. Anti-tank mines would not be tripped by soldiers stepping on them since they were too light. As the infantry advanced, engineers had to clear a path for the tanks coming behind. Each gap was to be 24 ft (7.3 m) wide, which was just enough to get tanks through in single file. The engineers had to clear a 5 mi (8.0 km) route through the Devil's Gardens. It was a difficult task that was not achieved because of the depth of the Axis minefields. Kittyhawk Mark III, of No. 250 Squadron RAF taxiing at LG 91, Egypt, during Operation Lightfoot At 22:00, the four infantry divisions of XXX Corps began to move. The objective was to establish a bridgehead before dawn at the imaginary line in the desert where the strongest enemy defences were situated, on the far side of the second mine belt. Once the infantry reached the first minefields, the mine sweepers, including Reconnaissance Corps troops and sappers, moved in to create a passage for the armoured divisions of X Corps. Progress was slower than planned but at 02:00, the first of the 500 tanks crawled forward. By 04:00, the lead tanks were in the minefields, where they stirred up so much dust that there was no visibility at all, traffic jams developed and tanks bogged down. Only about half of the infantry attained their objectives and none of the tanks broke through.[39] Original military uniform of an Italian paratrooper of the division Folgore in 1942 The 7th Armoured Division (with one Free French Brigade under command) from XIII Corps (Lieutenant-General Brian Horrocks) made a secondary attack to the south. The main attack aimed to achieve a breakthrough, engage and pin down the 21st Panzer Division and the Ariete Armoured Division around Jebel Kalakh, while the Free French on the far left were to secure Qaret el Himeimat and the el Taqa plateau.[19] The right flank of the attack was to be protected by 44th Infantry Division with the 131st Infantry Brigade. The attack met determined resistance, mainly from the 185 Airborne Division Folgore, part of the Ramcke Parachute Brigade and the Keil Group.[40][41] The minefields were deeper than anticipated and clearing paths through them was impeded by Axis defensive fire. By dawn on 24 October, paths still had not been cleared through the second minefield to release 22nd and 4th Light Armoured Brigades into the open to make their planned turn north into the rear of enemy positions 5 mi (8.0 km) west of Deir el Munassib.[19] Further north along the XIII Corps front, the 50th Infantry Division achieved a limited and costly success against determined resistance from the Pavia Division, Brescia Division and elements of the 185th Airborne Division Folgore.[42] The 4th Indian Infantry Division, on the far left of the XXX Corps front at Ruweisat Ridge, made a mock attack and two small raids intended to deflect attention to the centre of the front.[43] Phase two: the crumblingEdit A mine explodes close to a British artillery tractor as it advances through enemy minefields and wire to the new front line Dawn aerial reconnaissance showed little change in Axis disposition, so Montgomery gave his orders for the day: the clearance of the northern corridor should be completed and the New Zealand Division supported by 10th Armoured should push south from Miteirya Ridge. 9th Australian Division, in the north, should plan a crumbling operation for that night, while in the southern sector, 7th Armoured should continue to try to break through the minefields with support, if necessary, from 44th Division.[44] Panzer units counter-attacked the 51st Highland Division just after sunrise, only to be stopped in their tracks. British tanks advance to engage German armour after infantry had opened gaps in the Axis minefield at El Alamein, 24 October 1942 The morning of Saturday 24 October brought disaster for the German headquarters. The reports that Stumme had received that morning showed the attacks had been on a broad front but that such penetration as had occurred should be containable by local units. He went forward himself to observe the state of affairs and, finding himself under fire, suffered a heart attack and died. Temporary command was given to Major-General Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma. Hitler had already decided that Rommel should leave his sanatorium and return to North Africa. Rommel flew to Rome early on 25 October to press the Comando Supremo for more fuel and ammunition and then on to North Africa to resume command that night of the Panzer Army Africa, which that day was renamed the German-Italian Panzer Army (Deutsch-Italienische Panzerarmee).[45] There was little activity during the day pending more complete clearance of paths through the minefields. The armour was held at Oxalic.[20] Artillery and the Allied Desert Air Force, making over 1,000 sorties,[44] attacked Axis positions all day to aid the 'crumbling' of the Axis forces. By 16:00 there was little progress. At dusk, with the sun at their backs, Axis tanks from the 15th Panzer Division and Italian Littorio Division swung out from the Kidney feature (also known to the Germans and Italians as Hill 28), often wrongly called a ridge as it was actually a depression, to engage the 1st Armoured Division and the first major tank battle of El Alamein began. Over 100 tanks were involved and half were destroyed by dark. Neither position was altered.[citation needed] At around 10:00, Axis aircraft had destroyed a convoy of 25 Allied vehicles carrying petrol and ammunition, setting off a night-long blaze; Lumsden wanted to call off the attack, but Montgomery made it clear that his plans were to be carried out.[46] The thrust that night by 10th Armoured Division from Miteirya Ridge failed. The lifting of mines on the Miteirya Ridge and beyond took far longer than planned and the leading unit, 8th Armoured Brigade, was caught on their start line at 22:00—zero hour—by an air attack and were scattered. By the time they had reorganised they were well behind schedule and out of touch with the creeping artillery barrage. By daylight the brigade was out in the open taking considerable fire from well sited tanks and anti-tank guns. Meanwhile 24th Armoured Brigade had pushed forward and reported at dawn they were on the Pierson line, although it turned out that, in the dust and confusion, they had mistaken their position and were well short.[47] The attack in the XIII Corps sector to the south fared no better. 44th Division's 131st Infantry Brigade cleared a path through the mines, but when 22nd Armoured Brigade passed through, they came under heavy fire and were repulsed, with 31 tanks disabled. Allied air activity that night focused on Rommel's northern armoured group, where 135 short tons (122 t) of bombs were dropped. To prevent a recurrence of 8th Armoured Brigade's experience from the air, attacks on Axis landing fields were also stepped up.[47] D + 2: 25 OctoberEdit The initial thrust had ended by Sunday. The Allies had advanced through the minefields in the west to make a 6 mi (9.7 km) wide and 5 mi (8.0 km) deep inroad. They now sat atop Miteirya Ridge in the south-east. Axis forces were firmly entrenched in most of their original battle positions and the battle was at a standstill. Montgomery decided that the planned advance southward from Miteirya Ridge by the New Zealanders would be too costly and instead decided that XXX Corps—while keeping firm hold of Miteirya—should strike northward toward the coast with 9th Australian Division. Meanwhile, 1st Armoured Division—on the Australians' left—should continue to attack west and north-west, and activity to the south on both Corps fronts would be confined to patrolling.[48] The battle would be concentrated at the Kidney feature and Tel el Eisa until a breakthrough occurred. RAF Baltimore of No. 223 Squadron bombing El Daba airfield in support of the Alamein offensive By early morning, the Axis forces launched a series of attacks using 15th Panzer and Littorio divisions. The Panzer Army was probing for a weakness, but without success. When the sun set the Allied infantry went on the attack. Around midnight, 51st Division launched three attacks, but no one knew exactly where they were. Pandemonium and carnage ensued, resulting in the loss of over 500 Allied troops, and leaving only one officer among the attacking forces.[citation needed] While the 51st Highland Division was operating around Kidney, the Australians were attacking Point 29,[k] a 20 ft (6.1 m) high Axis artillery observation post south-west of Tel el Eisa, in an attempt to surround the Axis coastal salient containing the German 164th Light Division and large numbers of Italian infantry.[50] This was the new northern thrust Montgomery had devised earlier in the day, and was to be the scene of heated battle for some days. The Australian 26th Brigade attacked at midnight, supported by artillery and 30 tanks of 40th Royal Tank Regiment.[51] They took the position and 240 prisoners. Fighting continued in this area for the next week, as the Axis tried to recover the small hill that was so important to their defence. Meanwhile, the air force night bombers dropped 115 short tons (104 t)[clarification needed] of bombs on targets in the battlefield and 14 short tons (13 t) on the Stuka base at Sidi Haneish, while night fighters flew patrols over the battle area and the Axis forward landing grounds.[51] In the south, the 4th Armoured Brigade and 69th Infantry Brigade attacked the Folgore (187th regiment) at Deir Munassib, but lost about 20 tanks gaining only the forward positions.[52][53] Phase three: the counterEdit A British soldier gives a V gesture to German prisoners captured at El Alamein, 26 October 1942 Rommel, on his return to North Africa on the evening of 25 October, assessed the battle. Casualties, particularly in the north, as a result of incessant artillery and air attack, had been severe. The Italian Trento Division had lost 50 per cent of its infantry and most of its artillery, the 164th Light Division had lost two battalions. The 15th Panzer and Littorio divisions had prevented the Allied tanks from breaking through but this had been a costly defensive success, the 15th Panzer Division being reduced to 31 tanks remaining.[45][54] Most other units were also under strength, the men were on half rations, a large number were sick and Panzerarmee Afrika had only enough fuel for three days.[17] Rommel was convinced by this time that the main assault would come in the north and determined to retake Point 29.[55] He ordered a counter-attack against it by the 15th Panzer Division and the 164th Light Division, with part of the Italian XX Corps to begin at 15:00 but under constant artillery and air attack this came to nothing.[56] According to Rommel this attack did meet some success, with the Italians recapturing part of Hill 28, Attacks were now launched on Hill 28 by elements of the 15th Panzer Division, the Littorio and a Bersaglieri Battalion, supported by the concentrated fire of all the local artillery and AA. In the evening part of the Bersaglieri Battalion succeeded in occupying the eastern and western edges of the hill.[57] The bulk of the Australian 2/17th Battalion, which had defended the position, was forced to retreat.[58] Rommel reversed his policy of distributing his armour across the front, ordering the 90th Light Division forward from Ed Daba and 21st Panzer Division north along with one third of the Ariete Division and half the artillery from the southern sector to join the 15th Panzer Division and the Littorio Division. The move could not be reversed because of the fuel shortage.[59] The Trieste Division was ordered from Fuka to replace the 90th Light Division at Ed Daba but the 21st Panzer Division and the Ariete Division made slow progress during the night under constant attack from DAF bombers.[60] At the Kidney feature, the British failed to take advantage of the missing tanks. Each time they tried to move forward they were stopped by anti-tank guns. The Allied offensive was stalled. Churchill railed, "Is it really impossible to find a general who can win a battle?"[61] Three Vickers Wellington torpedo bombers of 38 Squadron destroyed the oil tanker Tergestea at Tobruk during the night.[62] Bristol Beaufort torpedo bombers of 42 Squadron, attached to No. 47 Squadron, sank the tanker Proserpina at Tobruk, removing the last hope for refuelling the Panzerarmee. By 26 October, XXX Corps had completed the capture of the bridgehead west of the second mine belt, the tanks of X Corps, established just beyond the infantry, had failed to break through the Axis anti-tank defences.[39] Montgomery decided that over the next two days, while continuing the process of attrition, he would thin out his front line to create a reserve for another attack. The reserve was to include the 2nd New Zealand Division (with the 9th Armoured Brigade under command), the 10th Armoured Division and the 7th Armoured Division.[63] The attacks in the south, which lasted three days and caused considerable losses without achieving a breakthrough, were suspended. Main article: Outpost Snipe Tanks of 8th Armoured Brigade waiting just behind the forward positions near El Alamein before being called to join the battle, 27 October 1942 By this time, the main battle was concentrated around Tel el Aqqaqir and the Kidney feature at the end of 1st Armoured Division's path through the minefield. A mile north-west of the feature was Outpost Woodcock and roughly the same distance south-west lay Outpost Snipe. An attack was planned on these areas using two battalions from 7th Motor Brigade. At 23:00 on 26 October 2 Battalion, The Rifle Brigade would attack Snipe and 2nd Battalion King's Royal Rifle Corps (KRRC) would attack Woodcock. The plan was for 2nd Armoured Brigade to pass round the north of Woodcock the following dawn and 24th Armoured Brigade round the south of Snipe. The attack was to be supported by all the available artillery of both X and XXX Corps.[64] Both battalions had difficulty finding their way in the dark and dust. At dawn, the KRRC had not reached its objective and had to find cover and dig in some distance from Woodcock. 2nd Rifle Brigade had had better fortune and after following the shell bursts of the supporting artillery dug in when they concluded they had reached their objective having encountered little opposition.[65] At 06:00, the 2nd Armoured Brigade commenced its advance and ran into such stiff opposition that, by noon, it had still not linked with the KRRC. The 24th Armoured Brigade started a little later and was soon in contact with the Rifle Brigade (having shelled them in error for a while). Some hours of confused fighting ensued involving tanks from the Littorio and troops and anti-tank guns from 15th Panzer which managed to keep the British armour at bay in spite of the support of the Rifle Brigade battlegroup's anti-tank guns. Rommel had decided to make two counter-attacks using his fresh troops. 90th Light Division was to make a fresh attempt to capture Point 29 and 21st Panzer were targeted at Snipe (the Ariete detachment had returned south).[66] At Snipe, mortar and shellfire was constant all day long. At 16:00, Rommel launched his major attack. German and Italian tanks moved forward. Against them the Rifle Brigade had 13 6-pounder anti-tank guns along with six more from the supporting 239th Anti-Tank Battery, RA. Although on the point of being overrun more than once they held their ground, destroying 22 German and 10 Italian tanks. The Germans gave up but in error the British battle group was withdrawn without being replaced that evening. Its CO, Lieutenant-Colonel Victor Buller Turner, was awarded the Victoria Cross.[67] Only one anti-tank gun—from 239 Battery—was brought back.[68] When it was discovered that neither Woodcock nor Snipe was in Eighth Army hands, 133rd Lorried Infantry Brigade was sent to capture them. By 01:30 on 28 October, the 4th battalion Royal Sussex Regiment judged they were on Woodcock and dug in. At dawn, 2nd Armoured Brigade moved up in support but before contact could be made 4th Royal Sussex were counter-attacked and overrun with many losses. Meanwhile, the Lorried Brigade's two other battalions had moved on Snipe and dug in, only to find out the next day that they were in fact well short of their objective.[69] Further north, the 90th Light Division's attack on Point 29 during the afternoon of 27 October failed under heavy artillery and bombing which broke up the attack before it had closed with the Australians. The action at Snipe was an episode of the Battle of El Alamein described by the regiment's historian as the most famous day of the regiment's war.[70] Lucas-Phillips, in his Alamein records that: The desert was quivering with heat. The gun detachments and the platoons squatted in their pits and trenches, the sweat running in rivers down their dust-caked faces. There was a terrible stench. The flies swarmed in black clouds upon the dead bodies and excreta and tormented the wounded. The place was strewn with burning tanks and carriers, wrecked guns and vehicles, and over all drifted the smoke and the dust from bursting high explosives and from the blasts of guns. — Lucas-Phillips, sfn, Lucas-Phillips D + 5–6: 28–29 OctoberEdit A Valentine tank in North Africa, carrying British infantry On 28 October, 15th and 21st Panzer made a determined attack on the X Corps front but were halted by sustained artillery, tank and anti-tank gun fire. In the afternoon, they paused to regroup to attack again but they were bombed for two and a half hours and were prevented from even forming up.[71] This proved to be Rommel's last attempt to take the initiative and as such his defeat here represented a turning point in the battle.[72] At this point, Montgomery ordered the X Corps formations in the Woodcock-Snipe area to go over to defence while he focused his army's attack further to the north. Late on 27 October, the British 133rd Brigade was sent forward to recover lost positions but the next day, a good part of this force was overrun by German and Italian tanks from the Littorio and supporting 12th Bersaglieri Regiment and several hundred British soldiers were captured.[73] On the night of 28/29 October, the 9th Australian Division was ordered to make a second set-piece attack. The 20th Australian Infantry Brigade with 40th R.T.R. in support would push north-west from Point 29 to form a base for 26th Australian Infantry Brigade with 46th R.T.R. in support, to attack north-east to an Axis location south of the railway known as Thompson's Post and then over the railway to the coast road, where they would advance south-east to close on the rear of the Axis troops in the coastal salient. An attack by the third brigade would then be launched on the salient from the south-east.[74] The 20th Brigade took its objectives with little trouble but 26th Brigade had more trouble. Because of the distances involved, the troops were riding on 46th R.T.R. Valentine tanks as well as carriers, which mines and anti-tank guns soon brought to grief, forcing the infantry to dismount. The infantry and tanks lost touch with each other in fighting with the 125th Panzergrenadier Regiment and a battalion of 7th Bersaglieri Regiment sent to reinforce the sector and the advance came to a halt.[74] The Australians suffered 200 casualties in that attack and suffered 27 killed and 290 wounded.[75] The German and Italian forces that had participated in the counter-attack formed an outpost and held on until the arrival of German reinforcements on 1 November. British Grant tank moving up to the front, 29 October 1942 It became clear that there were no longer enough hours of darkness left to reform, continue the attack and see it to its conclusion, so the operation was called off. By the end of these engagements in late October, the British had 800 tanks still in operation, while the Panzerarmee day report for 28 October (intercepted and read by Eighth Army the following evening) recorded 81 serviceable German tanks and 197 Italian.[72] With the help of signals intelligence information the Proserpina (carrying 4,500 tonnes of fuel) and Tergestea (carrying 1,000 tonnes of fuel and 1,000 tonnes of ammunition) had been destroyed on 26 October and the tanker Luisiano (carrying 2,500 tonnes of fuel) had been sunk off the west coast of Greece by a torpedo from a Wellington bomber on 28 October.[76] Rommel told his commanders, "It will be quite impossible for us to disengage from the enemy. There is no gasoline for such a manoeuvre. We have only one choice and that is to fight to the end at Alamein."[77] These actions by the Australians and British had alerted Montgomery that Rommel had committed his reserve in the form of 90th Light Division to the front and that its presence in the coastal sector suggested that Rommel was expecting the next major Eighth Army offensive in this sector. Montgomery determined therefore that it would take place further south on a 4,000 yd (2.3 mi; 3.7 km) front south of Point 29. The attack was to take place on the night of 31 October/1 November, as soon as he had completed the reorganisation of his front line to create the reserves needed for the offensive (although in the event it was postponed by 24 hours). To keep Rommel's attention on the coastal sector, Montgomery ordered the renewal of the 9th Australian Division operation on the night of 30/31 October.[78] D + 7–9: 30 October – 1 NovemberEdit Montgomery watches Allied tanks advance (November 1942) The night of 30 October saw a continuation of previous Australian plans, their third attempt to reach the paved road. Although not all the objectives were achieved, by the end of the night they were astride the road and the railway, making the position of the Axis troops in the salient precarious. Rommel brought up a battlegroup from 21. Panzer-Division and on 31 October, launched four successive attacks against "Thompson's Post". The fighting was intense and often hand-to-hand, but no ground was gained by the Axis forces. One of the Australians killed was Sergeant William Kibby (2/48th Infantry Battalion) who, for his heroic actions from the 23rd until his death on the 31st – including a lone attack on a machine-gun position at his own initiative – was awarded the Victoria Cross.[79] Again, on Sunday, 1 November Rommel tried to dislodge the Australians, but the brutal, desperate fighting resulted in nothing but lost men and equipment. He did however regain contact with Panzergrenadier-Regiment 125 in the nose of the salient,[80] and the supporting 10° battaglione Bersaglieri – that fought well according to German and Allied sources; the Bersaglieri had resisted several Australian attacks even though they were (in the words of military historian Niall Barr) "surrounded on all sides, short of ammunition, food and water, [and] unable to evacuate their many wounded".[81] By now, it had become obvious to Rommel that the battle was lost. His fuel state continued to be critical: on 1 November, two more supply ships—the Tripolino and the Ostia—had been torpedoed and sunk from the air north-west of Tobruk. The shortage forced him to rely increasingly on fuel flown in from Crete on the orders of Albert Kesselring, Luftwaffe Oberbefehlshaber Süd (OB Süd, Supreme Commander South), despite the restrictions imposed by heavy bombing of the airfields in Crete and the Desert Air Force's efforts to intercept the transport aircraft.[82] Rommel began to plan a retreat anticipating retiring to Fuka, some 50 mi (80 km) west, as he had only 90 tanks remaining in stark contrast with the Allies' 800.[54] Large amounts of fuel arrived at Benghazi after the German forces had started to retreat, but little of it reached the front, a fact Kesselring tried to change by delivering it more closely to the fighting forces.[83] Phase four: Operation SuperchargeEdit D + 10: 2 NovemberEdit A Priest 105 mm self-propelled gun of the 1st Armoured Division preparing for action, 2 November 1942 This phase of the battle began at 01:00 on 2 November, with the objective of destroying enemy armour, forcing the enemy to fight in the open, reducing the Axis stock of petrol, attacking and occupying enemy supply routes, and causing the disintegration of the enemy army. The intensity and the destruction in Supercharge were greater than anything witnessed so far during this battle. The objective of this operation was Tel el Aqqaqir, the base of the Axis defence roughly 3 mi (4.8 km) north-west of the Kidney feature and situated on the Rahman lateral track.[84] The initial thrust of Supercharge was to be carried out by the 2nd New Zealand Division (Lieutenant-General Bernard Freyberg) had tried to free them of this task, as they had lost 1,405 men in just three days, at El Ruweisat Ridge in July. However, in addition to its own 5th New Zealand Infantry Brigade and 28th (Maori) Infantry Battalion, the division was to have had placed under its command 151st (Durham) Brigade from 50th Division, 152nd (Seaforth and Camerons) Brigade from 51st Division and the 133rd Royal Sussex Lorried Infantry Brigade. In addition, the division was to have British 9th Armoured Brigade under command.[85] As in Operation Lightfoot, it was planned that two infantry brigades (the 151st on the right and 152nd on the left) each this time supported by a regiment of tanks—the 8th and 50th Royal Tank Regiments—would advance and clear a path through the mines. Once they reached their objectives, 4,000 yd (3,700 m) distant, 9th Armoured Brigade would pass through supported by a heavy artillery barrage and break open a gap in the Axis defences on and around the Rahman track, some 2,000 yd (1,800 m) further forward, which the 1st Armoured Division, following behind, would pass through into the open to take on Rommel's armoured reserves.[86] Rommel had ordered 21st Panzer Division from the front line on 31 October to form a mobile counterattacking force. The division had left behind a panzergrenadier regiment which would bolster the Trieste Division which had been ordered forward to replace it. Rommel had also interspersed formations from the Trieste and 15th Panzer Divisions to "corset" his weaker forces in the front line. On 1 November the two German armoured divisions had 102 effective tanks to face Supercharge and the Littorio and Trieste Divisions had 65 tanks between them.[87] Supercharge started with a seven-hour aerial bombardment focused on Tel el Aqqaqir and Sidi Abd el Rahman, followed by a four and a half hour barrage of 360 guns firing 15,000 shells.[citation needed] The two assault brigades started their attack at 01:05 on 2 November and gained most of their objectives to schedule and with moderate losses. On the right of the main attack 28th (Maori) battalion captured positions to protect the right flank of the newly formed salient and 133rd Lorried Infantry did the same on the left. New Zealand engineers cleared five lines through the mines allowing the Royal Dragoons armoured car regiment to slip out into the open and spend the day raiding the Axis communications.[88] The 9th Armoured Brigade had started its approach march at 20:00 on 1 November from El Alamein railway station with around 130 tanks and arrived at its start line with only 94 runners (operational tanks). The brigade was to have started its attack towards Tel el Aqqaqir at 05:45 behind a barrage; the attack was postponed for 30 minutes while the brigade regrouped on Currie's orders.[89] At 06:15, 30 minutes before dawn, the three regiments of the brigade advanced towards the gun line.[90] We all realise that for armour to attack a wall of guns sounds like another Balaclava, it is properly an infantry job. But there are no more infantry available. So our armour must do it. — Lieutenant General Sir Bernard Freyberg[91] Brigadier Currie had tried to get the brigade out of doing this job, stating that he believed the brigade would be attacking on too wide a front with no reserves and that they would most likely have 50 percent losses.[91] The reply came from Freyberg that Montgomery ... was aware of the risk and has accepted the possibility of losing 100% casualties in 9th Armoured Brigade to make the break, but in view of the promise of immediate following through of the 1st Armoured Division, the risk was not considered as great as all that. — Freyberg[91] The German and Italian anti-tank guns (mostly Pak38 and Italian 47 mm guns, along with 24 of the formidable 88 mm flak guns) opened fire upon the charging tanks silhouetted by the rising sun.[92][91] German tanks, which had penetrated between the Warwickshire Yeomanry and Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry, also caused many casualties. British tanks attacking the Folgore sector were fought off with petrol bombs and mortar fire as well as with the obsolete Italian 47 mm cannons. The Axis gun screen started to inflict a steady amount of damage upon the advancing tanks but was unable to stop them; over the course of the next 30 minutes, around 35 guns were destroyed and several hundred prisoners taken. The 9th Armoured Brigade had started the attack with 94 tanks and was reduced to only 14 operational tanks[93] and of the 400 tank crew involved in the attack, 230 were killed, wounded or captured.[94] "If the British armour owed any debt to the infantry of the Eighth Army, the debt was paid on November 2 by 9th Armoured in heroism and blood."[95] Bernard Montgomery, referring to the mistakes of the British armoured forces during the First Battle of El Alamein[citation needed] After the Brigade's action, Brigadier Gentry of 6th New Zealand Brigade went ahead to survey the scene. On seeing Brigadier Currie asleep on a stretcher, he approached him saying, "Sorry to wake you John, but I'd like to know where your tanks are?" Currie waved his hand at a group of tanks around him and replied "There they are". Gentry said "I don't mean your headquarters tanks, I mean your armoured regiments. Where are they?" Currie waved his arm and again replied, "There are my armoured regiments, Bill".[96] The brigade had sacrificed itself upon the gun line and caused great damage but had failed to create the gap for the 1st Armoured Division to pass through; however, soon after dawn 1st Armoured Division started to deploy and the remains of 9th Armoured Brigade came under its command. 2nd Armoured Brigade came up behind the 9th, and by mid-morning 8th Armoured Brigade had come up on its left, ordered to advance to the south-west.[93] In heavy fighting during the day the British armour made little further progress. At 11:00 on 2 November, the remains of 15th Panzer, 21st Panzer and Littorio Armoured Divisions counter-attacked 1st Armoured Division and the remains of 9th Armoured Brigade, which by that time had dug in with a screen of anti-tank guns and artillery together with intensive air support. The counter-attack failed under a blanket of shells and bombs, resulting in a loss of some 100 tanks.[94] German prisoners brought in from the battle Although X Corps had failed in its attempt to break out, it had succeeded in its objective of finding and destroying enemy tanks. Although tank losses were approximately equal, this represented only a portion of the total British armour, but most of Rommel's tanks; the Afrika Korps strength of tanks fit for battle fell by 70 while in addition to the losses of the 9th Armoured Brigade, the 2nd and 8th Armoured Brigades lost 14 tanks in the fighting, with another 40 damaged or broken down. The fighting was later termed the "Hammering of the Panzers". In the late afternoon and early evening, the 133rd Lorried and 151st Infantry Brigades—by this time back under command of 51st Infantry Division—attacked respectively the Snipe and Skinflint (about a mile west of Snipe) positions in order to form a base for future operations. The heavy artillery concentration which accompanied their advance suppressed the opposition from the Trieste Division and the operation succeeded with few casualties.[97] On the night of 2 November, Montgomery once again reshuffled his infantry in order to bring four brigades (5th Indian, 151st, 5th New Zealand and 154th) into reserve under XXX Corps to prepare for the next thrust. He also reinforced X Corps by moving 7th Armoured Division from army reserve and sending 4th Light Armoured Brigade from XIII Corps in the south. General von Thoma's report to Rommel that night said he would have at most 35 tanks available to fight the next day and his artillery and anti-tank weapons had been reduced to ⅓ of their strength at the start of the battle. Rommel concluded that to forestall a breakthrough and the resulting destruction of his whole army he must start withdrawing to the planned position at Fuka. He called up Ariete from the south to join the mobile Italian XX Corps around Tel el Aqqaqir. His mobile forces (XX Corps, Afrika Korps, 90th Light Division and 19th Flak Division) were ordered to make a fighting withdrawal while his other formations were to withdraw as best they could with the limited transport available.[98] At 20:30 on 2 November, Lumsden decided that one more effort by his X Corps would see the gun screen on the Rahman track defeated and ordered 7th Motor Brigade to seize the track along a 2 mi (3.2 km) front north of Tell el Aqqaqir. The 2nd and 8th Armoured Brigades would then pass through the infantry to a distance of about 3.5 mi (5.6 km). On the morning of 3 November 7 Armoured Division would pass through and swing north heading for the railway at Ghazal station. 7th Motor Brigade set off at 01:15 on 3 November, but having received its orders late, had not had the chance to reconnoitre the battle area in daylight. This combined with stiff resistance led to the failure of their attack. As a consequence, the orders for the armour were changed and 2nd Armoured Brigade was tasked to support the forward battalion of 133rd Lorried Brigade (2nd King's Royal Rifle Corps) and 8th Armoured Brigade was to push south-west. Fighting continued throughout 3 November, but 2nd Armoured was held off by elements of the Afrika Korps and tanks of the Littorio Division. Further south, 8th Armoured Brigade was held off by anti-tank units helped later by tanks of the arriving Ariete Division.[99] Phase five: the break-outEdit Sherman tanks of the Eighth Army move across the desert On 2 November, Rommel let Hitler know that: "The army's strength was so exhausted after its ten days of battle that it was not now capable of offering any effective opposition to the enemy's next break-through attempt ... With our great shortage of vehicles an orderly withdrawal of the non-motorised forces appeared impossible ... In these circumstances we had to reckon, at the least, with the gradual destruction of the army."[100] At 13.30 on 3 November Rommel received a reply, To Field Marshal Rommel. It is with trusting confidence in your leadership and the courage of the German-Italian troops under your command that the German people and I are following the heroic struggle in Egypt. In the situation which you find yourself there can be no other thought but to stand fast, yield not a yard of ground and throw every gun and every man into the battle. Considerable air force reinforcements are being sent to C.-in-C South. The Duce and the Comando Supremo are also making the utmost efforts to send you the means to continue the fight. Your enemy, despite his superiority, must also be at the end of his strength. It would not be the first time in history that a strong will has triumphed over the bigger battalions. As to your troops, you can show them no other road than that to victory or death. Adolf Hitler.[101] Rommel thought the order (similar to one that had been given at the same time by Benito Mussolini through the Comando Supremo), demanded the impossible. ... We were completely stunned, and for the first time in the African campaign I did not know what to do. A kind of apathy took hold of us as we issued orders for all existing positions to be held on instructions from the highest authority.[101] Rommel ordered X and XXI Italian Corps and 90th Light Division to hold while the Afrika Korps withdrew approximately 6 mi (9.7 km) west during the night of 3 November with XX Italian Corps and the Ariete Division conforming to their position. He then replied to Hitler confirming his determination to hold the battlefield. The Desert Air Force continued to apply huge pressure; in its biggest day of the battle, it flew 1,208 sorties and dropped 396 short tons (359 t) of bombs.[102] On the night of 3/4 November, Montgomery ordered three of the infantry brigades he had gathered into reserve to advance on the Rahman track as a prelude to an armoured break out. At 17:45, the 152nd Infantry Brigade and the 8th RTR in support, attacked about 2 mi (3.2 km) south of Tel el Aqqaqir. The 5th Indian Infantry Brigade was to attack the track 4 mi (6.4 km) south during the early hours of 4 November; at 06:15, the 154th Infantry Brigade was to attack Tel el Aqqaqir. The first attack, having been mistakenly told the Axis had withdrawn from their objectives, met determined resistance. Communication failures made things worse and the forward infantry elements ended up digging in well short of their objective. By the time the 5th Indian Brigade set off, the defenders had started to withdraw and their objective was taken virtually unopposed. By the time the 154th Brigade moved forward, although they met some shelling, the Axis had left.[103] D + 12, 4 NovemberEdit A captured 88 mm Flak 36 near El Aqqaqir, November 1942 On 4 November, the Eighth Army plan for pursuit began at dawn; no fresh units were available and the 1st and 7th Armoured divisions were to turn northwards to roll up the Axis units still in the forward lines. The 2nd New Zealand Division with two lorry borne infantry brigades and the 9th Armoured and 4th Light Armoured brigades under command, was to head west along desert tracks to the escarpment above Fuka, about 60 mi (97 km) away. The New Zealanders got off to a slow start because its units were dispersed after the recent fighting and took time to concentrate. Paths through the minefields were congested and had deteriorated, which caused more delays. By dark, Freyberg had leaguered his force only 15 mi (24 km) west of the Rahman track, although the 9th Armoured Brigade was still at the track and 6th New Zealand Brigade even further back.[104] The plan to trap the 90th Light Division with 1st and 7th Armoured divisions misfired. The 1st Armoured Division came into contact with the remnants of 21st Panzer Division and had to spend most of the day pushing them back 8 mi (13 km). The 7th Armoured Division was held up by the Ariete Armoured Division, which was destroyed conducting a determined resistance.[105] In his diary, Rommel wrote Enormous dust-clouds could be seen south and south-east of headquarters [of the DAK], where the desperate struggle of the small and inefficient Italian tanks of XX Corps was being played out against the hundred or so British heavy tanks which had come round their open right flank. I was later told by Major von Luck, whose battalion I had sent to close the gap between the Italians and the Afrika Korps, that the Italians, who at that time represented our strongest motorised force, fought with exemplary courage. Tank after tank split asunder or burned out, while all the time a tremendous British barrage lay over the Italian infantry and artillery positions. The last signal came from the Ariete at about 15.30 hours "Enemy tanks penetrated south of Ariete. Ariete now encircled. Location 5 km north-west Bir el Abd. Ariete tanks still in action". [...] In the Ariete we lost our oldest Italian comrades, from whom we had probably always demanded more than they, with their poor armament, had been capable of performing.[106][l] The Littorio Armoured Division and the Trieste Motorised Division were also destroyed. Berlin radio claimed that in this sector the "British were made to pay for their penetration with enormous losses in men and material. The Italians fought to the last man."[108] The British took many prisoners, since the remnants of Italian infantry divisions were not motorised and could not escape from encirclement. Private Sid Martindale, 1st Battalion Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders, wrote about the "Bologna" Division, which had taken the full weight of the British armoured attack:[m] The more we advanced the more we realized that the Italians did not have much fight in them after putting up a strong resistance to our overwhelming advance and they started surrendering to our lead troops in droves. There was not much action to see but we came across lots of burnt out Italian tanks that had been destroyed by our tanks. I had never seen a battlefield before and the site [sic] of so many dead was sickening.[110] The Bologna and the remainder of the Trento Division tried to fight their way out and marched into the desert without water, food or transport before surrendering exhausted and dying from dehydration.[111] It was reported that Colonel Arrigo Dall'Olio, commanding the 40th Infantry Regiment of the Bologna, surrendered saying, "We have ceased firing not because we haven't the desire but because we have spent every round".[112] In a symbolic act of defiance, no one in 40th Bologna Infantry Regiment raised their hands. Harry Zinder of Time magazine noted that the Italians fought better than had been expected and commented that for the Italians It was a terrific letdown by their German allies. They had fought a good fight. In the south, the famed Folgore parachute division fought to the last round of ammunition. Two armoured divisions and a motorised division, which had been interspersed among the German formations, thought they would be allowed to retire gracefully with Rommel's 21st, 15th and 19th [sic] light. But even that was denied them. When it became obvious to Rommel that there would be little chance to hold anything between El Daba and the frontier, his Panzers dissolved, disintegrated and turned tail, leaving the Italians to fight a rear-guard action.[113] By late morning on 4 November, Rommel realised his situation was desperate, The picture in the early afternoon of the 4th was as follows: powerful enemy armoured forces ... had burst a 19-kilometre hole in our front, through which strong bodies of tanks were moving to the west. As a result of this, our forces in the north were threatened with encirclement by enemy formations 20 times their number in tanks ... There were no reserves, as every available man and gun had been put into the line. So now it had come, the thing we had done everything in our power to avoid – our front broken and the fully motorised enemy streaming into our rear. Superior orders could no longer count. We had to save what there was to be saved.[106] Rommel telegraphed Hitler for permission to fall back on Fuka. As further Allied blows fell, Thoma was captured and reports came in from the Ariete and Trento divisions that they were encircled. At 17:30, unable to wait any longer for a reply from Hitler, Rommel gave orders to retreat.[105] Due to lack transport, most of the Italian infantry formations were abandoned.[114][115] Any chance of getting them away with an earlier move had been spoiled by Hitler's insistence that Rommel hold his ground, obliging him to keep the un-motorised Italian units well forward until it was too late.[116] To deepen the armoured thrusts, the 1st Armoured Division was directed at El Daba, 15 mi (24 km) down the coast and the 7th Armoured Division towards Galal, a further 24 km (15 mi) west along the railway. The New Zealand Division group had hoped to reach their objective by mid-morning on 5 November but was held up by shell fire when picking their way through what turned out to be a dummy minefield and the 15th Panzer Division got there first.[117] Churchill tanks of 'Kingforce' of the 1st Armoured Division during the battle, 5 November 1942 Montgomery realised that to finish off the Axis he would need to make even deeper armoured thrusts. The 7th Armoured Division was ordered across country to cut the coast road at Sidi Haneish, 65 mi (105 km) west of the Rahman track, while the 1st Armoured Division, west of El Dada, was ordered to take a wide detour through the desert to Bir Khalda, 80 mi (130 km) west of the Rahman track, preparatory to turning north to cut the road at Mersa Matruh. Both moves failed, the 7th Armoured Division finished the day 20 mi (32 km) short of its objective. The 1st Armoured Division tried to make up time with a night march but in the darkness the armour became separated from their support vehicles and ran out of fuel at dawn on 6 November, 16 mi (26 km) short of Bir Khalda. The DAF continued to fly in support but because of the dispersion of X Corps, it was difficult to establish "bomb lines", beyond which, aircraft were free to attack.[118] By 11:00 on 6 November, the "B" Echelon vehicles began to reach the 1st Armoured Division but with only enough fuel to replenish two of the armoured regiments, which set off again hoping to be in time to cut off the Axis. The regiments ran out of fuel again, 30 mi (48 km) south-west of Mersa Matruh. A fuel convoy had set out from Alamein on the evening of 5 November but progress was slow as the tracks had become very cut up. By midday on 6 November, it began to rain and the convoy bogged 40 mi (64 km) from the rendezvous with the 1st Armoured Division "B" echelon support vehicles.[119] The 2nd New Zealand Division advanced toward Sidi Haneish while the 8th Armoured Brigade, 10th Armoured Division, had moved west from Galal to occupy the landing fields at Fuka and the escarpment. Roughly 15 mi (24 km) south-west of Sidi Haneish, the 7th Armoured Division encountered the 21st Panzer Division and the Voss Reconnaissance Group that morning. In a running fight, the 21st Panzer Division lost 16 tanks and numerous guns, narrowly escaping encirclement and reached Mersa Matruh that evening. It was again difficult to define bomb lines but US heavy bombers attacked Tobruk, sinking Etiopia [2,153 long tons (2,188 t)] and later attacked Benghazi, sinking the Mars and setting the tanker Portofino (6,572 GRT), alight.[120] A German 88mm gun abandoned near the coast road, west of El Alamein, 7 November 1942 On 7 November, waterlogged ground and lack of fuel stranded the 1st and 7th Armoured divisions. The 10th Armoured Division on the coast road and with ample fuel, advanced to Mersa Matruh while its infantry mopped up on the road west of Galal.[121] Rommel intended to fight a delaying action at Sidi Barrani, 80 mi (130 km) west of Matruh, to gain time for Axis troops to get through the bottlenecks at Halfaya and Sollum.[122] The last rearguards left Matruh on the night of 7/8 November but were only able to hold Sidi Barrani until the evening of 9 November. By the evening of 10 November, the 2nd New Zealand Division, heading for Sollum, had the 4th Light Armoured Brigade at the foot of the Halfaya Pass while 7th Armoured Division was conducting another detour to the south, to take Fort Capuzzo and Sidi Azeiz. On the morning of 11 November, the 5th New Zealand Infantry Brigade captured the pass, taking 600 Italian prisoners. By nightfall on 11 November, the Egyptian wall was clear but Montgomery was forced to order that the pursuit should temporarily be continued by armoured cars and artillery only, because of the difficulty in supplying larger formations west of Bardia.[123] AftermathEdit AnalysisEdit Diagrammatic narrative of the battle Allied Forces attack: 10:00 p.m. 23 October Axis Armoured Divisions counter-attack: 6:00 p.m. 24 October Allies attempt to break through: night of 25 October Axis counter-attack and attack by 9th Australian Division: afternoon, 25 October Folgore Parachutist Division attacked from three directions: 10:30 p.m. 25 October to 3:00 a.m. 26 October Allies advance: 51st Highland Division takes Kidney Ridge, Littorio Armoured Division counter-attacks: 5:00 p.m. 26 October Both sides redeploy: night of 26 to 27 October Axis fails to retake Kidney Ridge: 8:00 a.m. 27 October Allies attempt to push back Trento Division: 28 October Rommel redeploys forces: 29 October Operation Supercharge begins, 9th Australian fails to break through: 11:00 p.m. 31 October 1942 Tank Battle of Tell el Aqqaqir: 9:00 a.m. 2 November; Axis forces begin retreat: 10:00 p.m. 2 November Axis forces prepare to fall back: 3 November Axis forces halt their retreat: 3 November Allied forces break through: 7:00 a.m. 4 November; Trento, Bologna and Ariete Divisions destroyed, Axis forces flee El Alamein was an Allied victory, although Rommel did not lose hope until the end of the Tunisia Campaign. Churchill said, It may almost be said, "Before Alamein we never had a victory. After Alamein we never had a defeat". — Winston Churchill.[124] The Allies frequently had numerical superiority in the Western Desert but never had it been so complete in quantity and quality. With the arrival of Sherman tanks, 6-pounder anti-tank guns and Spitfires in the Western Desert, the Allies gained a comprehensive superiority.[125] Montgomery envisioned the battle as an attrition operation, similar to those fought in the First World War and accurately predicted the length of the battle and the number of Allied casualties. Allied artillery was superbly handled and Allied air support was excellent, in contrast to the Luftwaffe and Regia Aeronautica, which offered little or no support to ground forces, preferring to engage in air-to-air combat. Air supremacy had a huge effect on the battle. Montgomery wrote, The moral effect of air action [on the enemy] is very great and out of all proportion to the material damage inflicted. In the reverse direction, the sight and sound of our own air forces operating against the enemy have an equally satisfactory effect on our own troops. A combination of the two has a profound influence on the most important single factor in war—morale. — Montgomery[82] Historians debate the reasons Rommel decided to advance into Egypt. In 1997, Martin van Creveld wrote that Rommel had been advised by the German and Italian staffs that his army could not properly be supplied so far from the ports of Tripoli and Benghazi. Rommel pressed ahead with his advance to Alamein and as predicted, supply difficulties limited the attacking potential of the axis forces.[26] According to Maurice Remy (2002), Hitler and Mussolini put pressure on Rommel to advance. Rommel had been very pessimistic, especially after the First Battle of El Alamein, and knew that as US supplies were en route to Africa and Axis ships were being sunk in the Mediterranean, the Axis was losing a race against time. On 27 August, Kesselring promised Rommel that supplies would arrive in time but Westphal pointed out that such an expectation would be unrealistic and the offensive should not begin until they had arrived. After a conversation with Kesselring on 30 August, Rommel decided to attack, "the hardest [decision] in my life".[126] CasualtiesEdit Memorial to the 9th Australian Division at the El Alamein Cemetery In 2005, Neill Barr wrote that the 36,939 Panzerarmee casualties, was an estimate because of the chaos of the Axis retreat. British figures, based on Ultra intercepts, gave German casualties as 1,149 killed, 3,886 wounded and 8,050 men captured. Italian losses were 971 dead, 933 wounded and 15,552 men captured. By 11 November, the number of Axis prisoners had risen to 30,000 men.[127] In a note to The Rommel Papers, Fritz Bayerlein (quoting figures obtained from Offizieller Bericht des Oberkommandos Afrika) instead estimated German losses in the battle as 1,100 killed, 3,900 wounded and 7,900 prisoners and Italian losses as 1,200 killed, 1,600 wounded and 20,000 prisoners.[128] According to the Italian official history, Axis losses during the battle were 4,000 to 5,000 killed or missing, 7,000 to 8,000 wounded and 17,000 prisoners; during the retreat the losses rose to 9,000 killed or missing, 15,000 wounded and 35,000 prisoners.[129] According to General Giuseppe Rizzo, total Axis casualties included 25,000 men killed or wounded (including 5,920 Italians killed) and 30,000 prisoners (20,000 Italians and 10,724 Germans), 510 tanks and 2,000 field guns, anti-tank guns, anti-aircraft guns.[130] Axis tank losses were c. 500; on 4 November, only 36 German tanks were left out of the 249 at the beginning of the battle. About half of the 278 Italian tanks had been lost and most of the remainder were knocked out on the next day by the 7th Armoured Division. About 254 Axis guns were lost, along with 64 German and 20 Italian aircraft.[127][131] The Eighth Army had 13,560 casualties, of whom 2,350 men had been killed, 8,950 wounded and 2,260 were missing; 58 percent of the casualties were British, 22 percent Australian, 10 percent New Zealanders, 6 percent South African, 1 percent Indian and 3 percent Allied forces. The Eighth Army lost from 332 to 500 tanks, although by the end of the battle, 300 had been repaired. The artillery lost 111 guns and the DAF lost 77 British and 20 American aircraft.[12] Subsequent operationsEdit The Eighth Army was surprised by the Axis withdrawal and confusion caused by redeployments between the three corps meant they were slow in pursuit, failing to cut off Rommel at Fuka and Mersa Matruh.[132] The Desert Air Force failed to make a maximum effort to bomb a disorganised and retreating opponent, which on 5 November was within range and confined to the coast road. Supply shortages and a belief that the Luftwaffe were about to get strong reinforcements, led the DAF to be cautious, reduce the number of offensive sorties on 5 November and protect the Eighth Army.[133] Battle of El AgheilaEdit Main article: Battle of El Agheila Area of Western Desert Campaign 1941–1942 The Axis made a fighting withdrawal to El Agheila but the Axis troops were exhausted and had received few replacements, while Montgomery had planned to transport material over great distances, to provide the Eighth Army with 2,400 t (2,646 short tons) of supplies per day. Huge quantities of engineer stores had been collected to repair the coast road; the railway line from El Alamein to Fort Capuzzo, despite having been blown up in over 200 places, was quickly repaired. In the month after Eighth Army reached Capuzzo, the railway carried 133,000 short tons (120,656 t) of supplies. Benghazi handled 3,000 short tons (2,722 t) a day by the end of December, rather than the expected 800 short tons (726 t).[134] Montgomery paused for three weeks to concentrate his forces and prepare an assault on El Agheila to deny the Axis the possibility of a counter-attack . On 11 December, Montgomery launched the 51st (Highland) Division along the line of the coast road with the 7th Armoured Division on the inland flank. On 12 December the 2nd New Zealand Division started a deeper flanking manoeuvre to cut the Axis line of retreat on the coast road in the rear of the Mersa Brega position.[135] The Highland Division made a slow and costly advance and 7th Armoured Division met stiff resistance from the Ariete Combat Group (the remains of the Ariete Armoured Division). The Panzerarmee had lost roughly 75,000 men, 1,000 guns and 500 tanks since the Second Battle of Alamein and withdrew.[136] By 15 December, the New Zealanders had reached the coast road but the firm terrain allowed Rommel to break his forces into smaller units and withdraw cross-country through the gaps between the New Zealand positions.[137] Rommel conducted a text-book retreat, destroying all equipment and infrastructure left behind and peppering the land behind him with mines and booby traps.[138] The Eighth Army reached Sirte on 25 December but west of the port, were forced to pause to consolidate their strung out formations and to prepare an attack at Wadi Zemzem, near Buerat 230 mi (370 km) east of Tripoli.[139] Rommel had, with the agreement of Field Marshal Bastico, sent a request to the Italian Comando Supremo in Rome to withdraw to Tunisia where the terrain would better suit a defensive action and where he could link with the Axis army forming there, in response to the Operation Torch landings. Mussolini replied on 19 December that the Panzerarmee must resist to the last man at Buerat.[137] TripoliEdit On 15 January 1943, the 51st (Highland) Division made a frontal attack while the 2nd New Zealand Division and the 7th Armoured Division drove around the inland flank of the Axis line. Weakened by the withdrawal of 21st Panzer Division to Tunisia to strengthen the 5th Panzer Army (Hans-Jürgen von Arnim), Rommel conducted a fighting retreat.[140] The port of Tripoli, 150 mi (240 km) further west, was taken on 23 January as Rommel continued to withdraw to the Mareth Line, the French southern defensive position in Tunisia. TunisiaEdit Main article: Tunisia Campaign Rommel was by this time in contact with the Fifth Panzer Army, which had been fighting against the multi-national First Army in northern Tunisia, since shortly after Operation Torch. Hitler was determined to retain Tunisia and Rommel finally started to receive replacement men and materials. The Axis faced a war on two fronts, with the Eighth Army approaching from the east and the British, French and Americans from the west. The German-Italian Panzer Army was renamed the Italian First Army (General Giovanni Messe) and Rommel assumed command of the new Army Group Africa, responsible for both fronts.[citation needed] The two Allied armies were commanded by the 18th Army Group (General Harold Alexander). The failure of the First Army in the run for Tunis in December 1942 led to a longer North African campaign which ended when the Italian-German forces in North Africa capitulated in May 1943. World War II portal El Alamein Fountain (war memorial commemorating the battle, in Sydney, Australia) List of World War II battles North African Campaign timeline ^ In Playfair the estimate for this figure is 104,000 comprising 54,000 Italians and 50,000 Germans including the 19th Flak Division and the Ramcke Parachute Brigade, both Luftwaffe units. There were approximately 77,000 Italians in North Africa who did not come under the Panzerarmee.[4] ^ 249 German tanks and 298 Italian tanks: 31 Panzer II, 85 Panzer III (short 50mm main gun), 88 Panzer III (long 50mm main gun), 8 Panzer IV (short 75mm main gun), 30 Panzer IV (long 75mm main gun), 7 command tanks, 278 Fiat M13/40 variants and 20 Italian light tanks; another 23 German tanks under repair, have been excluded.[5] ^ 275 German (150 serviceable) including 80 dive bombers) and 400 Italian (200 serviceable) aircraft. There was a further 225 (130 serviceable) German bombers in Italy and Greece. There were 300 German and Italian transport aircraft not included in the total.[7] ^ 68 7.65 cm (Source possibly means the 7.62 cm PaK 36(r)) anti-tank guns, 290 50mm Pak 38 anti-tank guns, 88mm flak guns.[9] ^ 1,029 tanks were operational at the start of the battle: 170 M3 Grant and 252 M4 Sherman medium tanks, 216 Crusader II and 78 Crusader III Cruiser tanks, 119 M3 Stuart (Honey) light tanks and 194 Valentine Infantry tanks. There were 200 replacement tanks and over 1,000 tanks were in various stages of repair, overhaul or being modified at workshops.[11] ^ There was a front line strength of 420 fighters, of which only 50 were Supermarine Spitfire and nearly half were Hawker Hurricanes.[6] ^ This figure excludes 54 transport aircraft.[7] ^ 554 were 2 pounder anti-tank guns and 849 6 pounders.[9] ^ including 4,810 killed or missing and 8,950 wounded.[12] ^ The Polish Mine Detector designed in Scotland in 1941 by the Polish engineer and signals officer, Lieutnant Józef Kosacki was to be used for the first time in action. Five hundred of these were issued to Eighth Army. The apparatus doubled the speed at which heavily mined sands could be cleared, from around 100 metres (110 yd) to about 200 m (220 yd) an hour.[22] ^ Sometimes shown on Axis maps as "28"[49] ^ The Ariete was not completely destroyed and fought in the following battle of El Agheila.[107] ^ This is not accurate. The Bologna was returning on foot to the front line after the retreat order by Rommel had been cancelled. When the attack by 2nd New Zealand Division achieved a breakthrough in the sector defended by the Trento Division, armoured cars and tanks were sent forward in the open desert and caught the exhausted and disorganised soldiers of the Bologna off guard.[109] FootnotesEdit ^ Maurer 1983, p. 120. ^ Latimer 2003, pp. 249–250. ^ Buffetaut 1995, p. 95. ^ a b c d e f Playfair 2004, p. 30. ^ Playfair 2004, pp. 9–11. ^ a b Barr 2005, p. 304. ^ a b Playfair 2004, p. 3. ^ a b Barr 2005, p. 26. ^ a b Playfair 2004, p. 10. ^ Barr 2005, p. 276. ^ Playfair 2004, p. 9. ^ a b Playfair 2004, pp. 404, 78. ^ Terraine 1985, p. 385. ^ a b Bierman & Smith 2003, p. 255. ^ Hinsley 1981, p. 425. ^ a b c Hinsley 1981, p. 427. ^ Greene & Massignani 1994, p. 219. ^ a b c d Playfair 2004, p. 34. ^ a b Dear 2005, p. 254. ^ Hinsley 1981, pp. 430–431. ^ Modelski 1986, p. 221. ^ Lucas 1983, p. 123. ^ Afrika Korps War Diary, 30 September 1942 ^ a b Creveld 1997, p. 196. ^ Remy 2002, p. 111-116. ^ Playfair 2004, p. 26. ^ Playfair 2004, pp. 27–28. ^ Jentz 1996, p. 8. ^ Watson 2007, p. 20. ^ Latimer 2002, p. 177. ^ Mead 2007, p. 304. ^ Clifford 1943, p. 307. ^ a b Hinsley 1981, p. 438. ^ Bierman & Smith 2003, chapters 22–24. ^ Bauer 2000, pp. 366–368. ^ Bauer 2000, p. 368. ^ Young 1966, p. 260. ^ Montanari 1993, pp. 753–754. ^ a b Young 1966, p. 261. ^ Strawson 1981, p. 119. ^ Vivian 2000, p. 278. ^ Untold stories from the Desert Air Force – Eighth Army's enforcer in the Second World War ^ Lucas-Phillips 1962, p. 296. ^ Playfair 2004, pp. 56, 54. ^ Walker 2006, p. 166. ^ Johnston, Dr. Mark (23 October 2002). "The Battle of El Alamein, 23 October 1942". Remembering 1942. Australian War Memorial, Canberra. Retrieved 15 April 2008. ^ Playfair 2004, Map 10. ^ Playfair 2004, pp. 64– 65. ^ a b c d Barr 2005, p. 386. ^ a b Watson 2007, p. 24. ^ Barr 2005, pp. 388–389. ^ Rommel 1982, p. 319. ^ a b Rommel 1982, p. 321. ^ Montanari 1993, p. 815. ^ "Desert War, Note (11): Statement issued by the German Government on 6 November 1942". spartacus-educational.com. Archived from the original on 9 April 2009. Retrieved 26 February 2019. ^ Spirit, Martin; Martindale, Sid (2005). "Sid's War: The Story of an Argyll at War". Archived from the original on 22 June 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2008. ^ Sillavengo 1966, p. 130. ^ Zinder, Harry (16 November 1942). "A Pint of Water per Man". Time Magazine (16 November 1942). Archived from the original on 26 September 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2010. ^ Bierman & Smith 2003, chapter 27. ^ Churchill 1950, p. 603. ^ Remy 2002, pp. 111–116. ^ The Rommel Papers ^ Giuseppe Rizzo, Buche e croci nel deserto, Verona, 1969, p. 549. ^ Clifford 1943, pp. 317–318. ^ Watson 2007, pp. 39, 42. ^ Clifford 1943, pp. 322, 320. Barr, Niall (2005) [2004]. Pendulum of War: The Three Battles of El Alamein. Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press. ISBN 978-1-58567-738-2. Bauer, Eddy (2000) [1979]. Young, Peter (ed.). The History of World War II (rev. ed.). London: Orbis. ISBN 1-85605-552-3. Bierman, John; Smith, Colin (2003) [2002]. War Without Hate: The Desert Campaign of 1940–1943. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-200394-7. Buffetaut, Yves (1995). Operation Supercharge-La seconde bataille d'El Alamein [Operation Supercharge: Second Battle of El Alamein]. Les grandes batailles de la Seconde Guerre mondiale: Collection hors-série Militaria (in French). Paris: Histoire Et Collections. OCLC 464158829. Churchill, W. (1950). The Hinge of Fate. The Second World War. new York: Bantam. OCLC 24115733. Clifford, Alexander (1943). Three Against Rommel. London: George G. Harrap. OCLC 10426023. Creveld, Martin van (1997). Supplying War; Logistics from Wallenstein to Patton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-54657-5. Dear, I. C. B., ed. (2005) [1995]. The Oxford Companion to World War II. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280666-6. Greene, Jack; Massignani, Alessandro (1994). Rommel's North Africa Campaign: September 1940 – November 1942. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo. ISBN 978-1-58097-018-1. Hinsley, F. H.; Thomas, E. E.; Ransom, C. F. G.; Knight, R. C. (1981). British Intelligence in the Second World War: Its influence on Strategy and Operations. II. London: HMSO. ISBN 0-11-630934-2. Jentz, Thomas L. (1996). Panzertruppen 2: The Complete Guide to the Creation & Combat Employment of Germany's Tank Force 1943–1945. Schiffer. ISBN 0-7643-0080-6. Latimer, Jon (2002). Alamein. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-6203-7. Latimer, Jon (2003) [2002]. Alamein. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-6213-6. Lucas-Phillips, C. E. (1962). Alamein. London: Heinemann. OCLC 3510044. Lucas, James Sydney (1983). War in the Desert: The Eighth Army at El Alamein. New York: Beaufort Books. OCLC 610276818. Maurer, Maurer (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units Of World War II (PDF). Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-89201-092-4. Mead, Richard (2007). Churchill's Lions: A Biographical Guide to the Key British Generals of World War II. Stroud: Spellmount. ISBN 978-1-86227-431-0. Modelski, Tadeusz (1986). The Polish Contribution to The Ultimate Allied Victory in The Second World War. Worthing. OCLC 60083169. Montanari, Mario (1993). El Alamein. Le operazioni in Africa Settentrionale. III. Roma: Stato Maggiore dell'esercito, Ufficio Storico. OCLC 313319483. Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.; et al. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO 1966]. Butler, J. R. M. (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Destruction of the Axis Forces in Africa. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. IV (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: HMSO. ISBN 1-84574-068-8. Remy, Maurice Philip (2002). Mythos Rommel (in German). Munich: List Verlag. ISBN 3-471-78572-8. Rommel, Erwin; Liddell Hart, Basil (1982) [1953]. The Rommel Papers. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80157-0. Sillavengo, Paolo Caccia Dominioni de (1966). Alamein 1933–1962: An Italian Story. Translated by Chamberlin, Dennis. London: Allen & Unwin. OCLC 557831458. Strawson, John (1981). El Alamein: Desert Victory. London: J. M. Dent. OCLC 0460044222. Terraine, John (1985). The Right of the Line: The Royal Air Force in the European War, 1939–45. London: Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 9780340266441. Vivian, Cassandra (2000). The Western Desert of Egypt: An Explorer's Handbook. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 977-424-527-X. Walker, Ian W. (2006). Iron Hulls, Iron Hearts; Mussolini's Elite Armoured Divisions in North Africa. Ramsbury: The Crowood Press. ISBN 1-86126-646-4. Walker, Ronald (1967). Alam Halfa and Alamein. The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–1945. Wellington, NZ: Historical Publications Branch. OCLC 893102. Watson, Bruce Allen (2007) [1999]. Exit Rommel: The Tunisian Campaign, 1942–43. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole. ISBN 0-8117-3381-5. Young, Peter (1966). A Short History of World War II 1939–1945 (1970 ed.). London: Pan Books. OCLC 852185369. Bright, John, ed. (1951). The Ninth Queen's Royal Lancers 1936–1945: The Story of an Armoured Regiment in Battle. Aldershot: Gale & Polden. OCLC 3732838. Carell, Paul (1962). The Foxes of the Desert. New York: Bantam Books. OCLC 721200796. Carver, Field Marshal Lord (2000) [1962]. El Alamein (pbk. ed.). Ware: Wordsworth Editions. ISBN 978-1-84022-220-3. Maughan, Barton (1966). "14 Launching the Battle and 15 The Dog Fight". Tobruk and El Alamein. Official History of Australia in the Second World War Series 1 (Army). III (online ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. pp. 639–754. OCLC 954993. Retrieved 23 February 2018. Stumpf, R. (2001). "Part V: The War in the Mediterranean Area 1942–1943: Operations in North Africa and the Central Mediterranean". The Global War: Widening of the Conflict into a World War and the Shift of the Initiative 1941–1943. Germany and the Second World War. VI. Translated by Brownjohn, J. (Eng. trans. Clarendon Press, Oxford ed.). Potsdam: Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt (Research Institute for Military History). pp. 631–821. ISBN 0-19-822888-0. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Second Battle of El Alamein. External image The Second Battle of El Alamein Battle of El Alamein: map of initial dispositions The fate of the Italians in the battle as reported by TIME MAGAZINE The war time memories of Pte. Sid Martindale 1st Battalion Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders The 3rd Hussars (9th Armoured Brigade) at El Alamein Royal Engineers Museum Royal Engineers and Second World War (Deception and mine clearance at El Alamein) German Minefields at Alamein (October – November, 1942) US War Department Information Bulletin, 1943 The History of the British 7th Armoured Division at the Wayback Machine (archived 21 June 2007) El Alamein at the Wayback Machine (archived 22 March 2008) El Alamein in Egypt Today (where to stay etc) Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein&oldid=905906590"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line709
__label__wiki	0.947545	0.947545	The New World (2005 film) The New World is a 2005 British-American romantic historical drama film written and directed by Terrence Malick, depicting the founding of the Jamestown, Virginia, settlement and inspired by the historical figures Captain John Smith, Pocahontas of the Powhatan tribe, and Englishman John Rolfe. It is the fourth feature film written and directed by Malick. Theatrical release poster Q'orianka Kilcher Emmanuel Lubezki Richard Chew Hank Corwin Saar Klein Mark Yoshikawa First Foot Films Sarah Green Film Sunflower Productions December 25, 2005 (2005-12-25) (United States) January 27, 2006 (2006-01-27) (United Kingdom) 150 minutes[1] (2005 limited release) (2006 wide release) Algonquian $30 million[3] $30.5 million[3] The cast includes Colin Farrell, Q'orianka Kilcher, Christopher Plummer, Christian Bale, August Schellenberg, Wes Studi, David Thewlis and Yorick van Wageningen. The production team includes director of photography Emmanuel Lubezki, producer Sarah Green, production designer Jack Fisk, costume designer Jacqueline West and film editors Richard Chew, Hank Corwin, Saar Klein and Mark Yoshikawa. The New World received many award nominations for Lubezki's cinematography, Kilcher's acting and Horner's score. The work was initially met with an only mildly positive critical response, although several critics later ranked it as one of the best films of the decade. PlotEdit This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) In 1607, Pocahontas, the spirited and adventurous daughter of Chief Powhatan, and others from her tribe witness the arrival of three ships sent by English royal charter to found a colony in the New World. Aboard one of the ships is Captain John Smith, below decks, in chains. While initially sentenced to death by hanging for his mutinous remarks, once ashore, Smith is pardoned by Captain Christopher Newport, the leader of the expedition. While the prospects for the settlement are initially bright, disease, poor discipline, supply shortages, and tensions with the local Native Americans (whom Newport calls "the naturals") place the expedition in jeopardy. Smith takes a small group of men upriver to seek trade while Newport returns to England for supplies. While on this mission, Smith is captured by a group of Native Americans and brought before their Chief Powhatan. After being questioned, the captain is nearly executed. He is spared when Pocahontas intervenes and saves his life. Living among the Native Americans as a prisoner for an extended period, Smith is treated well and earns the friendship and respect of the tribe. Coming to admire this new way of life, he falls deeply in love with Pocahontas. She is intrigued by the Englishman and his ways. The chief returns Smith to Jamestown with the understanding that the English are to leave the following spring, once their boats have returned. Upon his return, Smith encounters the settlement in turmoil. Pressed into accepting the governorship, he finds the peace he had with the Natives replaced by privation, death, and the difficult responsibilities of his new position. Smith wishes to return to his love but dismisses such action. He thinks of his time among the Native Americans as "a dream" from which he has awoken. Their numbers dwindle throughout the brutal winter, and the settlers are saved only when Pocahontas and a rescue party arrive with food, clothing, and supplies. As spring arrives, Powhatan realizes that the English do not intend to leave. Discovering his daughter's actions, he orders an attack on Jamestown and exiles Pocahontas. Repulsing the attack, the settlers learn of Pocahontas' banishment from her own homeland. They organize a trade so that the young woman can be taken captive and used as leverage to avoid further assaults. Samuel Argall convinces the settlers on a trading expedition up the Potomac River to abduct Pocahontas from the Patawomecks as a prisoner to negotiate with her father for an exchange for some captive settlers, but not the stolen weapons and tools. When Smith opposes the plan, he is removed as governor. After Pocahontas is brought to Jamestown, she and Smith renew their love affair. The return of Captain Newport adds complications. Newport tells Smith of an offer from the king to lead his own expedition to find passage to the East Indies. Torn between his love and the promise of his career, the captain decides to return to England. Before he departs, he leaves instructions with another settler. The settler later tells Pocahontas that Smith has died in the crossing, which leaves her distraught. Devastated, Pocahontas sinks into depression and still mourns the "death" of her love. Continuing to live in Jamestown, she is eventually comforted by a new settler, John Rolfe. He helps her adapt to the English way of life. She is baptized, receives education, and eventually marries Rolfe and gives birth to a son whom they name Thomas. She later learns that Captain Smith is indeed still alive, news to which she has a violent reaction. Pocahontas finds herself rejecting Rolfe and retreats to her loyalty to Smith, thinking fate had spared his life and they were to be reunited. Rolfe and his family are given a chance to travel to England. Arriving in London and sharing an audience with the king and queen, Pocahontas is overwhelmed by the wonders of this "New World." While there, she has a private meeting with Smith. The reunion is uncomfortable at times. The state of their present lives shows how much they each have changed. Smith admits that he may have made a mistake in choosing his career over his love for Pocahontas. He says that what they experienced in Virginia was not a dream but instead "the only truth." When asked by Pocahontas if he ever found his Indies, he replies, "I may have sailed past them." The two part, never to meet again. Realizing that Rolfe is the man she thought he was and more, she finally accepts him as her husband and love. Pocahontas and Rolfe make arrangements to return to Virginia. Before they depart, she falls ill from pneumonia and dies. The film ends with images of the young adult Pocahontas and her young son happily playing in the gardens of their English estate. Rolfe, in a voice over, reads a letter, addressed to their only son about his deceased Native American mother. In the film's closing moments, Pocahontas says, "Mother, now I know where you live" with the film fading out over images of nature in the New World.[which?] CastEdit Colin Farrell as Captain John Smith Q'orianka Kilcher as Pocahontas (Matoaka, Rebecca Rolfe) Christopher Plummer as Captain Christopher Newport Christian Bale as John Rolfe August Schellenberg as Chief Powhatan (Wahunsonacock) Wes Studi as Opechancanough David Thewlis as Edward Wingfield Yorick van Wageningen as Samuel Argall Ben Mendelsohn as Ben Raoul Trujillo as Tomocomo Brian F. O'Byrne as Lewes Irene Bedard as Pocahontas's Mother (Nonoma Winanuske Matatiske) John Savage as Thomas Savage Alex Rice as Patawomeck's Wife Jamie Harris as Emery Janine Duvitski as Mary Thomas Clair as Patawomeck (Japazaws) Michael Greyeyes as Rupwew Kalani Queypo as Parahunt Noah Taylor as Selway Ben Chaplin as Robinson Eddie Marsan as Eddie Billy Merasty as Kiskiack Jonathan Pryce as King James VI & I Alexandra W. B. Malick as Queen Anne ProductionEdit Terrence Malick began work on the script for The New World in the late 1970s.[4] After The Thin Red Line, Malick worked on a film about Che Guevara and his failed revolution in Bolivia. When financing had yet to come through, Malick was offered the chance to direct The New World and left the Guevara project in March 2004.[5] Production on The New World was underway by July of that year.[6] FilmingEdit The film was notable for its emphasis on authenticity, from location, settings and costumes to the use of Native American actors and extras who were trained by Blair Rudes, professor of linguistics at UNC-Charlotte, to speak a form of the extinct Powhatan language (a type of Virginian Algonquian) reconstructed for the film by Rudes.[7] Principal photography wrapped after three and a half months in November 2004.[6] Post-productionEdit The film was originally set to be released in November 2005, but release had to be postponed. Malick was still editing the footage he had shot. He is well known for editing his films up until the last minute,[8] often trimming his films and leaving entire characters out of the final print, as is the case with The Thin Red Line. In early December, a 150-minute version was shown to critics for awards season consideration. It was released for a week from Christmas to New Year's Day in two theaters each in Los Angeles and New York to qualify for the Academy Awards. For the film's wide release, which began on January 20, 2006, Malick re-edited the film, cutting it to 135 minutes, but also adding footage not seen in the first release. He altered some of the film's extensive voiceovers to clarify the plot. Substantial changes were made to the first half-hour of the picture, seemingly to speed the plot along.[9] MusicEdit Film score by WaterTower James Horner chronology The Legend of Zorro (2005) The New World (2006) All the King's Men Filmtracks Movie Music UK Movie Wave SoundtrackNet The musical score for The New World was composed by James Horner. He worked first from the script and then from edited scenes. As the film was re-edited, more changes to the score were required. Because Malick's editing was extensive and involved reordering or dropping passages or inserting sequences, much of Horner's score was not used.[10] For the final version, Malick used sections of Horner's music along with the prelude to Wagner's Das Rheingold, Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 23, and other pieces. Horner and Glen Ballard wrote and recorded the song "Listen to the Wind", sung by Hayley Westenra, for the closing credits, but this too was unused.[11] ReceptionEdit The New World opened to moderately positive reviews. The film has a 62% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes with the consensus stating: "Despite arresting visuals and strong lead performances, The New World suffers from an unfocused narrative that will challenge viewers' attention spans over its 2 1/2 hours." Another review aggregator Metacritic gave the film a score of 69/100, indicating "generally favorable reviews."[12] Roger Ebert awarded the film a full four stars, arguing that "what distinguishes Malick's film is how firmly he refuses to know more than he should...The events in his film, including the tragic battles between the Indians and the settlers, seem to be happening for the first time." He also lauded Malick as a "visionary." Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle hailed the film as "a masterpiece," while numerous others such as Ty Burr of The Boston Globe, Peter Travers of Rolling Stone, Richard Corliss of Time, and David Ansen of Newsweek gave the film positive reviews. On the other hand, Stephen Hunter of The Washington Post faulted the film for being "stately almost to the point of being static", while others such as Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal criticized it as "sluggish," "underdramatized," and "emotionally remote." While its release date was timed for consideration for awards season, it was nominated for only the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for Emmanuel Lubezki at the 78th Academy Awards. In November 2009, Time Out New York ranked the film as the fourth-best of the decade, saying: The particular power of this tone poem comes from how quietly resigned both characters are to their fates, as if they sense a guiding hand in their every action. The final passages of Malick's idyll, after Pocahontas takes a fateful ocean journey, are the finest work of his career, most notably in his portrayal of the princess's death and transfiguration—a shattering five-minute sequence that never fails to move."[13] In January 2010, Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle designated it the No. 1 film of the decade. Terence Malick's one-of-a-kind film, about the life of Pocahontas and the dawn of American history, contains some of the best filmmaking imaginable – some of it beyond imagining. I have seen it at least five times and have no idea how Malick knew, when he put it all together, that the movie would even make sense. It's difficult to write a great short poem. It's difficult to write a great long novel. But to write a great long poem that's the size of a great long novel – one that makes sense, doesn't flag and is exponentially better than the short poem or the long novel ever would have been – that's almost impossible. Malick did it. With images.[14] The French film magazine Cahiers du cinéma ranked the film as 9th place in its list of best films of the décade 2000-2009.[15] Film and television critic Matt Zoller Seitz has said it is his favorite film.[16] In The Guardian, John Patterson writes that The New World "doesn't have fans, just fanatics": This decade hasn't been up to much, movie-wise, but I am more than ever convinced that when every other scrap of celluloid from 2000-2009 has crumbled to dust, one film will remain, like some Ozymandias-like remnant of transient vanished glory in the desert. And that film is The New World, Terrence Malick's American foundation myth, which arrived just as the decade reached its dismal halfway point, in January 2006. [...] The New World is a bottomless movie, almost unspeakably beautiful and formally harmonious. The movie came and went within a month, and its critical reception was characterised for the most part by bafflement, condescension, lazy ridicule and outright hostility. [...] Its siblings are to be found throughout movie history and across all national and stylistic boundaries, from the silents to Jean-Luc Godard, James Benning and Stan Brakhage, or in Winstanley and Barry Lyndon. Its cultural hinterland is made up not just of other movies, but of Buddhism, ethnography and naturalism, Wagner, Mozart and the structural forms of classical music, Malick's enthusiasm for bird-watching, and a helping of Heidegger and Kant [...] It is both ancient and modern, cinema at its purest and most organic, its simplest and most refined [...].[17] In a contribution to The cinema of Terrence Malick: Poetic visions of America, film scholar Mark Cousins writes: By the end of The New World, it seemed to me, I had experienced something like a Bach's Mass in B minor or a poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley. It was about rapture and the end of rapture. It showed me seeing. It made me sensible. In a 2016 international critics' poll conducted by BBC, The New World was voted the 39th-greatest film since 2000.[18] Historical accuracyEdit According to History professor Cathy Schultz, Powhatan's people "were far from the innocent, childlike creatures we see in the film." Schultz points out that Powhatan "ruled by conquest over the surrounding tribes," in contrast to the film's depiction of them as peaceful except where in conflict with the English.[19] Furthermore, most scholars agree that there was no romantic relationship between Pocahontas and Smith. She would have been 10 years old in 1608 when they were said to have first met.[20] Awards and nominationsEdit Cast/crew member National Board of Review Q'orianka Kilcher Best Breakthrough Performance by an Actress Won San Diego Film Critics Society Awards Emmanuel Lubezki Best Cinematography Won Washington DC Area Film Critics Association Q'orianka Kilcher Best Breakthrough Performance Nominated ALMA Awards Q'orianka Kilcher Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture Won Academy Awards Emmanuel Lubezki Best Achievement in Cinematography Nominated Broadcast Film Critics Association James Horner Best Composer Nominated Q'orianka Kilcher Best Young Actress Nominated Chicago Film Critics Association Emmanuel Lubezki Best Achievement in Cinematography Nominated Q'orianka Kilcher Most Promising Performer Nominated Critics Choice Award Q'orianka Kilcher Best Young Actress Nominated Mar del Plata Film Festival Emmanuel Lubezki Kodak Award Won Terrence Malick Best Film Nominated Online Film Critics Society Awards Q'orianka Kilcher Best Breakthrough Performance Won Emmanuel Lubezki Best Cinematography Nominated James Horner Best Original Score Nominated Young Artist Awards Q'orianka Kilcher Best Performance in a Feature Film (Comedy or Drama) – Leading Young Actress Nominated Home mediaEdit A third, 172-minute version, dubbed "The Extended Cut", was issued by New Line on DVD in October 2008.[21] It contains new scenes and expansions to other scenes. The 135-minute and 172-minute cuts are widely available on DVD worldwide, with the 172-minute cut also released on Blu-ray. The 150-minute version was released commercially only twice—as a Digital Download briefly available to buyers of the US "Extended Cut" DVD in 2008, and on DVD in Italy as part of Italian distributor Eagle Pictures's 2-disc set, containing both the 150-minute and 135-minute versions of the film. On July 26, 2016, all three cuts were released on Blu-ray and DVD in the United States by The Criterion Collection with the 172-minute extended cut from a new 4K digital restoration supervised by cinematographer Emmanuel Lubezki and director Terrence Malick.[22] ^ "The New World (12A)". British Board of Film Classification. December 14, 2005. Retrieved January 24, 2014. ^ "The New World [Abridged Version] (12A)". British Board of Film Classification. February 2, 2006. Retrieved January 24, 2014. ^ a b The New World (2005). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved on 2010-12-22. ^ David Sterritt (July 2006). "Film, Philosophy and Terrence Malick". Undercurrents. FIPRESCI. Archived from the original on October 29, 2010. Retrieved October 20, 2010. ^ Tartaglione, Nancy (March 10, 2004). "Malick's Che decision deals morale-denting blow to indie sector". Screen Daily. Retrieved October 20, 2010. ^ a b "The New World (2005) – Box office/business". IMDb. Retrieved October 20, 2010. ^ "How a linguist revived 'New World' language", MSNBC ^ "Dial 'D' for disaster: The fall of New Line Cinema". The Independent. April 16, 2008. Retrieved May 18, 2011. ^ "The New World" Archived February 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Real Alternative Site ^ "Terrence Malick Made An Enemy Out Of James Horner & 7 More Things We Learned About 'The New World'". Indiewire. Snagfilms. July 6, 2011. Retrieved June 25, 2016. ^ Goldwasser, Dan (December 27, 2005). "The New World Soundtrack (2005)". Soundtrack.Net. Retrieved May 17, 2015. ^ "New World, The". Metacritic. Retrieved September 15, 2013. ^ "The TONY top 50 movies of the decade" (739). Time Out New York. November 26 – December 2, 2009. Retrieved December 2, 2009. ^ Mick LaSalle, "Top films of the decade", San Francisco Chronicle, 1 January 2010. ^ Cahiers du cinéma #652, january 2010. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved December 27, 2013. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) ^ Matt Zoller Seitz introduces 'The New World', August 18, 2011. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQyBz9JM0Fc ^ "The New World: a misunderstood masterpiece?". The Guardian. Retrieved January 24, 2012. ^ "The 21st century's 100 greatest films". BBC. August 23, 2016. Retrieved January 14, 2017. ^ "Myths Abound in "The New World"". History in the Movies. ^ "Pocahontas, In Our Time - BBC Radio 4". BBC. Retrieved February 19, 2017. ^ The Hollywood News – DVD Review: The New World (2005). Archived October 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Oct 6, 2008. ^ "The New World (2005)". The Criterion Collection. The Criterion Collection. Retrieved June 8, 2016. The New World on IMDb The New World at Box Office Mojo The New World at Rotten Tomatoes The New World at Metacritic Terrence Malick's New World, Richard Neer, nonsite.org The New World: Dwelling in Malick’s New World an essay by Tom Gunning at the Criterion Collection Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_World_(2005_film)&oldid=904599288"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line710
__label__wiki	0.789283	0.789283	Vladimir Bartol (24 February 1903 – 12 September 1967) was a writer from the community of Slovene minority in Italy. He is notable for writing his 1938 novel Alamut, the most popular work of Slovene literature around the world, translated into numerous languages. Bartol in 1953 (1903-02-24)24 February 1903 Trieste, Austria-Hungary (now in Italy) 12 September 1967(1967-09-12) (aged 64) Ljubljana, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (now in Slovenia) Bartol was born on 24 February 1903 in San Giovanni (Slovene: Sveti Ivan), a suburb of the Austro-Hungarian city of Trieste (Slovene: Trst) (now in Italy), in a middle class Slovene minority family. His father Gregor Bartol was a post office clerk, and his mother Marica Bartol Nadlišek was a teacher, a renowned editor and feminist author. He was the third child of seven and his parents offered him extensive education. His mother introduced him to painting, while his father shared with him his interest in biology. Bartol began to be interested in philosophy, psychology, and biology, but also art, theatre, and literature, as described in his autobiographical short stories. Vladimir Bartol began his elementary and secondary schooling in Trieste and concluded it in Ljubljana, where he enrolled at the University of Ljubljana to study biology and philosophy. In Ljubljana, he met the young Slovene philosopher Klement Jug who introduced him to the works of Friedrich Nietzsche. Bartol also gave special attention to the works of Sigmund Freud. He graduated in 1925 and continued his studies at Sorbonne in Paris (1926–1927), for which he obtained a scholarship. In 1928 he served the army in Petrovaradin (now in the autonomous province of Vojvodina in Serbia). From 1933 to 1934, he lived in Belgrade, where he edited the Slovenian Belgrade Weekly. Afterward, he returned to Ljubljana where he worked as a freelance writer until 1941. During World War II he joined Slovene partisans and actively participated in the resistance movement. After the war he moved to his hometown Trieste, where he spent an entire decade, from 1946 to 1956. Later he was elected to the Slovenian Academy of Sciences And Arts as an associate member, moved to Ljubljana and continued to work for the Academy until his death on 12 September 1967. He is buried in the Žale cemetery in Ljubljana. WorkEdit Some of his works, including the 1938 novel Alamut, have been interpreted as an allegory of the TIGR and the fight against the Italian repression of the Slovene minority in Italy. Alamut is set in Persia in the Middle Ages and features the Order of Assassins. [1] List of worksEdit Lopez (1932, a play) Al Araf (1935, a collection of short stories) Alamut[2] (1938, a novel), translated into Czech (1946), Serbian (1954), French (1988), Spanish, Italian (1989), German (1992), Turkish, Persian (1995), English[3] (2004), Hungarian[4] (2005), Arabic, Greek, Korean and other languages. As of 2003[update] it is being translated into Hebrew. Tržaške humoreske (1957, a collection of short stories) Čudež na vasi (1984, novel) Don Lorenzo (1985, a story) Mladost pri Svetem Ivanu (2001, an autobiography) Slovenian literature Slovene minority in Italy (1920-1947) List of Slovenian writers List of Slovenes ^ "Vladimir Bartol's Alamut is arguably the most famous Slovenian book in the world today. Published in the late 1930s, the book is set in Iran during the Middle Ages..." Robin McKelvie, Jenny McKelvie Slovenia: The Bradt Travel Guide. Bradt Guides. ISBN 9781841621197 (p.42). ^ Vladimir Bartol: Alamut, Slovene 1st reprint, Published by: Sanje, Ljubljana, 2002, ISBN 961-6387-10-3 ^ Vladimir Bartol: Alamut, English translation, Published by: Scala House Press, Seattle, United States, 2004, ISBN 0-9720287-3-0 ^ Vladimir Bartol: Alamut, Hungarian translation by: Klára Körtvélyessy, poems translated by: László Lator, Published by: Európa Könyvkiadó, Budapest, 2005, ISBN 963-07-7826-2 Slovene Government Public Relations and Media Office Article Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vladimir Bartol. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Bartol&oldid=899709074"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line711
__label__wiki	0.602441	0.602441	Crayon Physics Deluxe Steam header Petri Purho Stian Stark Windows, iOS, Mac OS X, Linux, Android August 26, 2011 (Steam) EU: August 26, 2011 NA: September 9, 2011 Crayon Physics Deluxe is a puzzle video game designed by Petri Purho and released on January 7, 2009. An early version, titled Crayon Physics, was released as freeware in 2007. Deluxe won the grand prize at the Independent Games Festival in 2008. It features a heavy emphasis on two-dimensional physics simulations, including gravity, mass, kinetic energy and transfer of momentum. The game includes a level editor and enables its players to download and share custom content via an online service. 2.1 Crayon Physics 2.2 Crayon Physics Deluxe 2.3 Platforms Gameplay[edit] The objective of each level in Crayon Physics Deluxe is to guide a ball from a predetermined start point so that it touches all of the stars placed on the level. The ball and nearly all objects on the screen are affected by gravity. The player cannot control the ball directly, but rather must influence the ball's movement by drawing physical objects on the screen. Depending on how the object is drawn, it becomes a rigid surface, a pivot point, a wheel or a rope, and the object can then interact with the ball by hitting it, providing a surface to roll on, dragging, carrying or launching the ball, etc. The player can also nudge the ball left or right by clicking on it, and in some levels, rockets appear and can be used as part of the solution. The game challenges players to come up with creative solutions to each puzzle, and provides additional rewards for elegant solutions that don't rely on "brute force methods". It comes with more than seventy levels, and also features a level editor and an online Playground, where players can upload and download custom levels. Development[edit] Crayon Physics[edit] Crayon Physics, the original prototype of this game, is Purho's tenth "rapid-prototype project" inspired by the rules of the Experimental Gameplay Project, and was developed in five days[1] using resources freely available under a Creative Commons license.[2] The game was inspired by descriptions Purho had heard of the children's book Harold and the Purple Crayon. On June 10, 2007, Purho announced that he would be developing a level editor to permit user-created levels, although by June 15 fans of the game had already worked out the level format and had released new levels for the game. The level editor was released on June 30. Crayon Physics was built with Simple DirectMedia Layer middle-layer and released as freeware.[2] Crayon Physics Deluxe[edit] On October 12, 2007, Purho announced Crayon Physics Deluxe, which would feature an intuitive level editor, more levels, and a modification to the game engine to preserve the player's drawings instead of turning them into rectangles.[1] The follow-up took a year and eight months to develop.[3] It won the Seumas McNally Grand Prize at the Independent Games Festival in February 2008.[4] Chris Baker of Slate Magazine also wrote that Crayon Physics Deluxe was more talked about than Gears of War 2 at the 2008 Game Developers Conference.[1] Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and Android versions of this game were released along with Humble Indie Bundle for Android 4 on November 8, 2012. Platforms[edit] Published by Hudson Soft, Crayon Physics Deluxe was released for the iOS on January 1, 2009 and in Spring 2010 for the iPhone via Apple's App Store.[5] A version for the PC was released six days later.[6] An unofficial clone was made for the DS, but only in free play mode and under the title of Pocket Physics.[7] A port for Windows Mobile was also made, but later pulled. It can still be downloaded unofficially.[8] Ports for Mac and Linux were announced as available on July 27, 2011.[9] Crayon Physics is pre-loaded on some Android devices including the Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1.[10] Destructoid N/A 8.5/10[11] Edge N/A 7/10[12] Eurogamer 8/10[13] 7/10[14] GamesTM N/A 8/10[15] GameZone 8/10[16] N/A IGN N/A 8.8/10[17] PC Format N/A 86%[18] PC Gamer (UK) N/A 78%[19] PC Zone N/A 71%[20] The A.V. Club N/A B+[21] The Digital Fix N/A 7/10[22] GameRankings 75%[23] 77%[24] Metacritic N/A 79/100[25] The PC version received "generally favorable reviews" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.[25] ^ a b c Chris Baker (March 19, 2008). "Crayon Physics Deluxe". Slate. The Slate Group. Retrieved March 30, 2018. ^ a b "Crayon Physics". Kloonigames. Petri Purho. June 1, 2007. ^ "Computer Game A Mash-Up Of Crayons, Physics". NPR. January 9, 2009. ^ "2008 Independent Games Festival Winners". Independent Games Festival. Think Services. Archived from the original on November 5, 2008. Retrieved March 30, 2018. ^ "Day 1: Crayon Physics Deluxe for the iPhone". Kloonigames. Petri Purho. January 1, 2009. Retrieved January 4, 2009. ^ "Day 7: It's Here!". Kloonigames. Petri Purho. January 7, 2009. Retrieved January 8, 2009. ^ "Pocket Physics". Tobias Weyand. Archived from the original on December 17, 2008. Retrieved March 30, 2018. ^ "Crayon Physics Game Pulled from Samsung Omnia II". Pocketnow. CJ Lippstreu. January 1, 2010. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2018. ^ "Crayon Physics Deluxe is now available for Mac and Linux". Kloonigames. Petri Purho. July 27, 2011. Retrieved November 3, 2012. ^ "Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1". PC World. International Data Group. Retrieved March 30, 2018. ^ Anthony Burch; Ashley Davis (January 7, 2009). "Destructoid review: Crayon Physics Deluxe (PC)". Destructoid. Enthusiast Gaming. Retrieved March 31, 2018. ^ Edge staff (March 2009). "Crayon Physics Deluxe (PC)". Edge. No. 199. Future plc. p. 94. ^ Kristan Reed (February 10, 2009). "iPhone Roundup (Page 2)". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Retrieved March 30, 2018. ^ John Walker (January 6, 2009). "Crayon Physics Deluxe (PC)". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Retrieved March 30, 2018. ^ "Crayon Physics Deluxe (PC)". GamesTM. Future plc. March 2009. p. 123. ^ Michael Knutson (January 23, 2009). "Crayon Physics Deluxe - MB - Review". GameZone. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. Retrieved March 30, 2018. ^ Jason Ocampo (January 15, 2009). "Crayon Physics Deluxe Review (PC)". IGN. Ziff Davis. Retrieved March 31, 2018. ^ "Crayon Physics Deluxe (PC)". PC Format. No. 225. Future plc. April 2009. p. 98. ^ "Crayon Physics Deluxe". PC Gamer UK. Future plc. March 2009. p. 70. ^ "PC Review: Crayon Physics Deluxe". PC Zone. Future plc. April 2009. p. 70. ^ John Teti (January 12, 2009). "Crayon Physics Deluxe (PC)". The A.V. Club. The Onion. Archived from the original on February 24, 2009. Retrieved March 31, 2018. ^ Lewis Brown (August 6, 2011). "Humble Indie Bundle 3 Review (Crayon Physics Deluxe)". The Digital Fix. Poisonous Monkey. Archived from the original on March 19, 2016. Retrieved March 31, 2018. ^ "Crayon Physics Deluxe for iOS (iPhone/iPad)". GameRankings. CBS Interactive. Retrieved March 30, 2018. ^ "Crayon Physics Deluxe for PC". GameRankings. CBS Interactive. Retrieved March 30, 2018. ^ a b "Crayon Physics Deluxe for PC Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved March 30, 2018. Crayon Physics freeware prototype Crayon Physics at MobyGames Crayon Physics Deluxe at MobyGames Crayon Physics Deluxe (iOS) at MobyGames Numpty Physics A free, GPL licensed clone. Seumas McNally Grand Prize Fire and Darkness (1999) Tread Marks (2000) Shattered Galaxy (2001) Bad Milk (2002) Wild Earth (2003) Savage: The Battle for Newerth (2004) Oasis (2004) Gish (2005) Wik and the Fable of Souls (2005) Darwinia (2006) Aquaria (2007) Crayon Physics Deluxe (2008) Blueberry Garden (2009) Monaco (2010) Minecraft (2011) Fez (2012) Cart Life (2013) Papers, Please (2014) Outer Wilds (2015) Her Story (2016) Quadrilateral Cowboy (2017) Night in the Woods (2018) Return of the Obra Dinn (2019) Video games portal Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crayon_Physics_Deluxe&oldid=893523646" Android (operating system) games Creative Commons-licensed video games Drawing video games Indie video games MacOS games Puzzle video games Seumas McNally Grand Prize winners Video games developed in Finland Single-player video games Articles using Wikidata infoboxes with locally defined images Articles using Video game reviews template in multiple platform mode	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line712
__label__cc	0.660335	0.339665	For the Empordà wine region, see Empordà (DO). Natural region Landscape of the Montgrí Massif in the Empordà region. A map of Catalonia showing the Empordà location Catalonia, Spain Emporda (from the official name in Catalan: Empordà, Catalan pronunciation: [əmpuɾˈða]) is a natural and historical region of Catalonia, Spain, divided since 1936 into two comarques, Alt Empordà and Baix Empordà. The city of Figueres, an important urban and economic center of the Empordà, was designated the capital of Alt Empordà, while La Bisbal d'Empordà, following a more geographic and historical criteria, became the capital of Baix Empordà. Empordà has been the cradle for many pictoric schools, with surrealism standing out, including artists such as Salvador Dalí, Angel Planells, Joan Massanet and Evarist Vallès. The name Empordà is a derivative of Empúries (Empòrion in Old Greek or Emporiae in Latin), which means "the markets". The name Empordà comes from a succession of phonetic derivatives of County of Empúries, a county which had its capital first in Sant Martí d'Empúries and then in Castelló d'Empúries the capital of medieval Empordà during the period of political splendor of this county. This was one of the most insurgent towards the royal power and one of the lasts to join the Crown of Aragon, and that led to a few curious episodes like the deviation of the Ter (river) or the unfinished build of the Montgrí Castle on top of the Montgrí Massif. The Baix Empordà born writer Josep Pla used to refer to the surroundings of his native Palafrugell as Empordanet, or the region that goes in between the Gavarres and the Montgrí, and that name is still used today to refer to the Baix Empordà.[1] The region was already inhabited in the prehistory. There are a number of caves that served as a shelter for paleolithic men in the Montgrí Massif; the most famous ones share the same name: "Cau Del Duc", one in Torroella and the other in Ullà. We also find important megalithic structures in Massís de les Gavarres or Massís de Cadiretes, as well as the dolmens in Fitor. The Greeks established themselves very close to the actual region, in Rhodes in the 8th century BC and in Empúries at the beginning of the 6th century BC. The Iberians built one of their main cities in Ullastret in the 6th century BC; the name of the tribe was Indigetes. But with the arrival of the Romans, a process of transformation was initiated that changed the occupational system and the economic exploitation of the territory, which led to the abandonment of Ullastret in the 2nd century BC. The Baix Empordà was Romanized like all other places of the Roman Empire but that was followed by barbaric invasions in the 3rd and 5th centuries that notably impoverished the region and reduced their urban centers to the minimum expression. There are many traces of the Romanization, but it is hard to envision the print of the Visigoths and the Arabs, because the proximity of the Kingdom of the Franks caused the creation of independent counties ruled by feudal lords. The Muslim invasion actually lasted less than sixty years (714–785) and the old Hispano-Gothic population came back. The administrative division of the Carolingian Empire divided the conquered Catalan territory in counties. While the north of the county and the current Alt Empordà was organised around the county of Empúries, the rest were regions or sub-regions of the Bishop of Girona, owner of extensive lands—especially in the Baix Empordà-, or baronies from branches of the Cardona vinculated to the county, to then be the maritime center of the county of Girona, from Begur to Sant Feliu de Guíxols. The first "drassanes" or shipyards where found in Empordà in the 10th century, as well as in Tortosa in 945, then ruled by Abd al-Rahman III.[2] ^ L'Empordà de Josep Pla by the Josep Pla Foundation ^ Robert Terradas Muntañola. Las Atarazanas de Barcelona: Trazado, construcción, y restauración. Editorial Enginyeria i Arquitectura La Salle, 2009, p. 20. ISBN 978-84-937011-9-2 Club de Polo Ampurdan Media related to Empordà at Wikimedia Commons Coordinates: 42°04′55″N 3°04′19″E / 42.08194°N 3.07194°E / 42.08194; 3.07194 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Empordà&oldid=892960109" Articles containing Catalan-language text	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line713
__label__wiki	0.567531	0.567531	Troy Olsen "Summer Thing" redirects here. For Afrojack song, see SummerThing! (1973-07-12) July 12, 1973 (age 46)[1] Morenci, Arizona, U.S. Duncan, Arizona, U.S. Vocals, guitar EMI Nashville Troy Olsen (born July 12, 1973) is an American country music singer-songwriter signed to EMI Nashville, He co-wrote Blake Shelton's 2009 hit single "I'll Just Hold On" and Tim McGraw's "Ghost Town Train," a cut from the album Southern Voice.He also has cuts by many artists including Kid Rock, Michael English, Allison Moorer, Chris Young, Patty Loveless, and Aaron Watson. He has also written several songs for major motion pictures.[2][3] Olsen released his debut single, "Summer Thing," in April 2010, followed by a digital self-titled extended play on May 11.[4] "Summer Thing" debuted at No. 57 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts dated for the week ending May 15, 2010. Olsen wrote the song with Ben Hayslip and Jimmy Yeary.[5] Troy Olsen EP Label: EMI Nashville Troy Olsen EP No. 2 "Summer Thing" 35 Troy Olsen EP "Good Hands" 36 Troy Olsen EP No. 2 Potsy Ponciroli Jim Wright ^ Azstarnet.com: Troy Olsen Bio ^ "Troy Olsen, More Than a 'Summer Thing'". Broadcast Music Incorporated. 22 April 2010. Retrieved 11 May 2010. ^ Taylor, Rebecca (22 April 2010). "Musician Troy Olsen makes Tucson proud". KVOA. Retrieved 11 May 2010. ^ Bonaguro, Alison (11 May 2010). "Troy Olsen arrives early on Ghost Town Train". CMT. Retrieved 11 May 2010. ^ Lesemann, T. Ballard. "Troy Olsen brings country to the 'Jammer". Charleston City Paper. Retrieved 13 August 2010. This article about a singer-songwriter from the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Troy_Olsen&oldid=877119338" American country singers American country singer-songwriters Musicians from Tucson, Arizona EMI Records artists Songwriters from Arizona Singers from Arizona 21st-century American singers Country musicians from Arizona American singer-songwriter stubs This page was last edited on 6 January 2019, at 18:22 (UTC).	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line714
__label__wiki	0.620808	0.620808	Fastest Ferrari road car to debut in Beijing The Ferrari 599 GTO has a top speed of 335kph. TURIN – Ferrari S.p.A. on Thursday released the first images of the 599 GTO, the company's fastest road car. The 599 GTO, which is a limited-edition variant of the 599 GTB coupe, makes its public debut at the Beijing auto show that starts April 23. A select group of Ferrari customers will get a look at the car in Modena, Italy, on April 14. The 599 GTO is derived from the 599XX, a limited-edition racecar variant of the 599 GTB coupe. The 599 GTO's 6.0-liter V-12 engine delivers 670 hp – 50hp more than the standard powerplant in the 599 GTB – and pushes the car to a top speed of 335kph (about 208 mph). The 599 GTO accelerates from 0 to 100kph in 3.35 seconds. The 599 GTB reaches 100kph in 3.7 seconds. Because of it is lighter and more aerodynamic than the 599 GTB, the 599 GTO's CO2 output is even less than its sister model (411 grams per kilometer compared with 415g/km for the 599 GTB). Ferrari will build 599 units of the 599 GTO. The car's starting price has not been announced yet, but in Italy the 599 GTB's base price is 251,000 euros (about $334,380). For a video introduction of the 599 GTO by Ferrari CEO Amedeo Felisa click HERE	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line716
__label__wiki	0.957905	0.957905	Sister, Sister: Where Are They Now? Read More Next Tom and Huck: Where Are They Now? The Goonies: Where Are They Now? Blossom: Where Are They Now? NCIS: Where Are They Now? Family Matters: Where Are They Now? More Where Are They Now The Princess Bride: Where Are They Now? Everwood: Where Are They Now? Swimfan: Where Are They Now? Superbad: Where Are They Now? Twilight: Where Are They Now? The Karate Kid: Where Are They Now? Coyote Ugly: Where Are They Now? Titanic: Where Are They Now? Greek: Where Are They Now? Melrose Place: Where Are They Now? The L Word: Where Are They Now? E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial: Where Are They Now? All Where Are They Now Married...with Children: Where Are They Now? Night Court: Where Are They Now? Sister Act: Where Are They Now? Ally McBeal: Where Are They Now? 7th Heaven: Where Are They Now? The Baby-Sitters Club: Where Are They Now? The Sandlot: Where Are They Now? Roseanne: Where Are They Now? 10 Things I Hate About You: Where Are They Now? My Big Fat Greek Wedding: Where Are They Now? Coming to America: Where Are They Now? Gossip Girl: Where are they now? Dawson's Creek: Where are they now? Hook's Lost Boys: Where Are They Now? 'Smallville': Where Are They Now? 'Saved by the Bell': Where Are They Now? 'Alias': Where Are They Now? 'Will & Grace': Where Are They Now? Lizzie McGuire cast Where Are They Now? Sabrina, the Teenage Witch: Where Are They Now? The Wire: Where are they now? 'My So-Called Life': Where Are They Now? Summer Catch Where Are They Now 'Phil of the Future': Where Are They Now? 'Fast Times At Ridgemont High': Where Are They Now? Pinterest Facebook Twitter Mail Email iphone Send Text Message	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line719
__label__cc	0.65843	0.34157	Home » Psychology » Sports Psychology » The Psychology of eSports The Psychology of eSports Today, we'll talk about the eSports phenomenon and how the Internet has shaped new competition and new professions with thousands of followers. Team Sports and Personal Development: How Are They Related? The Role of Psychology in Youth Soccer The psychology of eSports has become more relevant nowadays. eSports are gaining popularity every year and it’s common to hear about them in the media. International eSport tournaments have millions of followers. They’re also excellent publicity for video game producers and promoters. In this article, we’ll focus on two main issues. The first is the skills and behaviors good eSports players need. Secondly, we’ll analyze why these games are so attractive to new generations. We’re going to review the primary traits of this phenomenon from a psychological point of view. Technology is advancing at a breakneck pace and video games can be a problem for a variety of reasons. However, they can also be a valuable tool in an intervention. eSports: The Videogame Boom Globalization has definitely had an impact on the eSports phenomenon. The videogame audience has increased dramatically in recent years. Many people who grew up playing videogames and still play them as adults are now parents. Their children play as well, and people of every age in between. These days, it’s hard to imagine that everything started in the 70s with people getting together to play Pac-Man or Space Invaders. The Internet Revolution The ability to connect to the Internet and play online with other users revolutionized the market in the 90s. Large producers like Nintendo and Sony are constantly competing to out-sell each other. Around that same time, industry leaders realized the importance of understanding their users’ demands. This is when they laid the foundation for the psychology of eSports. Professionalization of eSports The boom has been so significant that many people actually make a living playing videogames. The tournaments themselves have become internationally relevant. Massive competitions like the ones that started in Japan and South Korea have spread to the rest of the world. How much the market has grown and the availability of sponsors make it possible for many people to make a living off of eSports. There are different game categories: Real-time strategy (RTS). These are games based on actual, real-life sports. One example is FIFA soccer tournaments. First-person shooter (FPS). War simulation games and armed mission games fall into this category. One example is the popular game Counter-Strike. Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA). This is the most popular kind of game where people fight in a fantasy world. League of Legends is one of the most popular MOBA games. Why Are eSports so Popular? Watching videos on YouTube of other people playing video games is an intensely popular activity among younger generations. This phenomenon puzzles many parents and older adults. After all, what could be so attractive about watching someone else play without participating? Psychologists propose the following explanations: Aesthetic. The art of playing well. Professional players offer an attractive narration of their gameplay. Drama. Watching other people participate in a competitive activity is exciting. In addition, when there are two or more players involved, it enhances the excitement. Escape. Like any other kind of entertainment, it’s a means of distraction for the viewers. A sense of belonging. Die-hard soccer lovers identify as fans, and eSport followers identify themselves as “gamers”. In other words, eSport followers also identify with a particular player or team. These days, video games are used for a wide variety of reasons. From pilot training and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder intervention to education, video games can be a great educational tool. Multiple studies support the idea that video games enhance cognitive abilities. However, their increasing complexity demands the very skills that they help develop. The Main Psychological Skills Involved in eSports From a psychological point of view, there are several “requirements” to be a good player. When we talk about “cognitive skills”, we mean the executive functions of the brain that are in high demand. Let’s take a look at some of the most used ones in eSports. Attention. Playing these types of videogames requires a high level of sustained attention. Players have to be attentive to every detail on the screen and some games can go on for hours. Planning. Since the strategy is a crucial part of eSports, planning is a fundamental skill. These games require a high-level ability to process the events of the game. They also require that you come up with quick, intelligent responses. Working memory. This ability consists of using all your cognitive resources on one task. Making the connection between what you’re seeing on the screen at the moment and things that already happened is key. Inhibition. Being able to control your impulses and focus your attention on one goal is another important eSports skill. One crucial aspect of the game is ignoring potential distractions. What Do eSport Fans Want? The demands of eSport fans along with constantly-evolving technology mean this industry is always changing. Psychologists have noticed these changes. These days, they seem to be following a trend. The realized that players and spectators value certain traits such as: Immersion. The more realistic the game is, the better. Players want to feel like they’re “inside” the game. Competitiveness. The producers tend to offer better scenarios and game modes. The story. Gamers want to play something with a complex story behind it. That feeds the myth and players’ sense of immersion. Realism and fantasy. The graphics are extremely important. That’s because they offer a certain degree of reality. However, a dose of realism can also complement the fantastical scenarios and stories because it awakens the players’ curiosity. An Industry Plagued with Problems eSport organizations struggle with problems that you also see in other sports organizations. Today, they’re threatening to ruin the industry. One of the problems is the proliferation of drugs and medications that help players pay attention and enhance their performance. Problematic gender stereotypes are also an issue. The potentially addictive quality of video games for children is a problem as well. In conclusion, the field of psychology is becoming more and more interested in eSports. Looking at this phenomenon from a psychological point of view helps understand the traits that make it such a popular activity. Some researchers debate how “sporty” eSports actually are. Nevertheless, the cognitive skills that a professional gamer needs are undeniable. A psychological analysis of eSports can also help identify complications and problems within the games, as well as potential therapeutic applications. Video Games and Intelligence: How Are They Related? Video games are part of our social life. Do they also help stimulate our intelligence? What is the relationship between video games and intelligence? Read more » Team sports have an influence on personal development. Sports are an endless source of both physical and mental health. They not only help us release energy in a directed and controlled manner but also can be an incentive for our… Psychology is an essential part of youth soccer. It helps you analyze the role that a child’s environment plays in this sport. Parents’ behavior, methods used by the coaches, and the children’s attitudes are some of the pillars of youth…	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line720
__label__wiki	0.80523	0.80523	March 2015 - New England Patriots Wiretap Kraft Testifies Hernandez Told Him He Was Innocent Of Murder Robert Kraft testified that Aaron Hernandez told him he was innocent when asked whether he was involved in the murder of Odin Lloyd. Kraft spent a little more than a half-hour on the stand Tuesday at the Fall River Justice Center after being called by the prosecution in Hernandez's murder trial. Hernandez is charged with the June 17, 2013, slaying of Lloyd, who was dating the sister of Hernandez's fiancée. Kraft said he found Hernandez in a weight room working out and pulled him into an adjacent office for a private talk. "I understood there was an incident that had transpired, and I wanted to know whether he was involved, and if he was -- any player that comes into our system, I consider part of our extended family, and I wanted to get him help," Kraft said. "What did he say?" prosecutor William McCauley asked. "He said he was not involved," Kraft replied. "That he was innocent and that he hoped that the time of the murder incident came out because he said he was in a club." Tags: New England Patriots Jets File Retaliatory Tampering Charges Against Patriots On Revis The New York Jets have filed retaliatory tampering charges against the New England Patriots based on comments by Robert Kraft. Kraft, speaking to reporters at the league meetings in Phoenix, commented for the first time on the departure of Revis. The remark that caught the Jets' attention was Kraft saying, "I speak as a fan of the New England Patriots, we wanted to keep him." That accusation stemmed from owner Woody Johnson, in an end-of-the-season news conference, telling reporters, "I'd love for Darrelle to come back." Although Johnson's comments may have violated the league's anti-tampering rule, based on the letter of the law, the Jets felt it was a baseless charge because there was no malicious intent. Johnson called Kraft immediately after the news conference, saying he "misspoke." The Patriots refused to let it slide, leading to Tuesday's counter move. Rich Cimini/ESPN Tags: New England Patriots, New York Jets, Legal, Suspension Jets Investigated On Darrelle Revis Tampering Charge The New York Jets are being investigated about possibly tampering with Darrelle Revis. The league sent an investigator to the Jets facility in Florham Park, N.J., on Sunday, March 8, during the three-day “legal tampering” window before the official start of free agency to interrogate general manager Mike Maccagnan and front office personnel about the pursuit of Revis, according to sources. Owner Woody Johnson was not interviewed. The Patriots levied a tampering charge against the Jets shortly after Johnson’s public admission on Dec. 29 that he’d “love for Darrelle to come back,” prompting many to wonder how serious the NFL would consider the complaint. Manish Mehta/New York Daily News Tags: New England Patriots, New York Jets, Legal, Misc Rumor Brandon Browner Agrees To Three-Year, $18M Deal With Saints The New Orleans Saints have agreed upon a three-year, $18 million deal with Brandon Browner. Browner spent the 2014 season with the New England Patriots. Browner emerged in the NFL at cornerback with the Seattle Seahawks. Ian Rapoport/NFL.com Tags: New England Patriots, New Orleans Saints, Free Agent Rumor, Misc Rumor, Signing Jabaal Sheard Signs With Patriots On Two-Year, $11M Deal The New England Patriots have signed Jabaal Sheard on a two-year, $11 million deal. Sheard will receive $5.5 million in guaranteed money. Sheard is a versatile defensive player capable of playing both defensive end and outside linebacker. Sheard was a second round pick in 2011 for the Cleveland Browns. Mike Florio/Pro Football Talk Tags: New England Patriots, Free Agent Rumor, Misc Rumor, Signing Darrelle Revis Agrees To Return To Jets Darrelle Revis has agreed to sign with the New York Jets on a five-year, $70 million deal. The core of the deal is three years and $48 million with $39 million in guaranteed money. The news was announced by his agents. Revis was traded by the Jets to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2013 and played for the New England Patriots last season. Revis is a six-time All-Pro and was drafted by the Jets in 2007 out of Pitt. RealGM Staff Report Tags: New England Patriots, New York Jets, Free Agent Rumor, Misc Rumor, Signing Patriots Could Sign Percy Harvin Percy Harvin was released this week by the New York Jets and the New England Patriots have "a good chance" of signing him. Harvin was traded by the Seattle Seahawks to to the Jets in October. Harvin has struggled to remain healthy throughout his career, but is a productive multi-dimensional offensive weapon. Tags: New England Patriots, Free Agent Rumor, Misc Rumor Browns, Raiders, Chiefs Interested In Darrelle Revis The Cleveland Browns, Oakland Raiders and Kansas City Chiefs will pursue Darrelle Revis in addition to the New England Patriots and New York Jets. The Patriots decided not to pick up Revis' $20 million option for 2015. The Browns and Raiders also pursued Revis in 2014. Tags: Cleveland Browns, Kansas City Chiefs, New England Patriots, New York Jets, Oakland Raiders, Free Agent Rumor, Misc Rumor Patriots Decline Option For 2015 On Darrelle Revis The New England Patriots have decided not to pick up their $20 million option on Darrelle Revis. Revis will become an unrestricted free agent. The Patriots are now under the cap not counting the new contract for Devin McCourty. The Patriots and Revis will continue to negotiate a deal. Adam Schefter/ESPN Devin McCourty Re-Signs With Patriots On $47.5M Deal Devin McCourty has agreed to re-sign with the New England Patriots on a five-year, $47.5 million deal. McCourty will receive $28.5 million in guaranteed money. "I'm blessed to say we had other teams that were interested, but I said all along that I knew in my heart that I wanted to be back in New England. But I also knew the business side of football, and I had to do what I had to do. I'm back, but I'd be lying if I said there wasn't possibilities over the last two days that I was going to be somewhere else. I'm happy it all worked out." McCourty has become one of the NFL's top safeties despite coming into the league as a cornerback. Patriots Decline 2015 Option On Vince Wilfork The Patriots create $8.06 million in salary-cap space with the move. Mike Reiss/ESPN Rob Gronkowski: Winning The Super Bowl Changes Lives Rob Gronkowski believes winning a Super Bowl has already changed his life. Woody Johnson Pushing For Jets To Sign Darrelle Revis The Jets traded Darrelle Revis to the Buccaneers in 2013 and he played for the Super Bowl champion Patriots last season. Patriots Use Tag On Stephen Gostkowski Instead Of Devin McCourty The Patriots have used their 2015 franchise tag on Stephen Gostkowski. Kevin Patra/NFL.com 2019 July June May April March February January 2018 2017 2016 2015 December November October September August July June May April March February January 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 The General NFL Board Off-Topic Board Player Comparisons NFL Draft Fantasy Football NCAA Football Feedback	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line722
__label__wiki	0.986972	0.986972	Home Manchester City vs Leicester City live stream Manchester City vs Leicester City live stream You can enjoy Manchester City vs Leicester live stream. This is one of the most exciting football teams around the world. With the likes of Aguero and De Brayune in the team. They possess some serious threat that could dismantle any defence in the world. Manchester City is taking on Manchester United next so you can watch Man United vs man city live stream here. Please note links will appear around 30 mins prior to kick-off. With four Premier League titles, three League Cups, five FA Cups, and single Cup Winner’s Cup, Manchester City FC stand as one of the most successful English clubs in the history of the sport. Along with their glorious achievements, City has a fair share of lows alike other Mancunian rivals. While their history stands at the peak in English football, they are the only team to be relegated the very next season after being the English champions. Manchester City live stream You can enjoy Manchester City vs Leicester City free streaming, Manchester City was founded in 1880, under the name of St. Mark and his daughter, Anna Connell. The city was first known by the name Gorton FC and Ardwick AFC for a short span. In 1894, the club changed its name to current name, Manchester City FC. The club’s transcendence to Manchester City FC came as a result of moving to Dyde Road, which saw City became the most popular club in the city. City garnered a tremendous fan following and the rise in spirit was spotted in their game as well. In 1899, City was promoted to the First Division. In 1904, the club won its first trophy, FA Cup, shortly afterwards 17 of City’s squad were suspended due to allegations of ill financial behaviour. The suspension led one of City’s legend, Billy Meredith move to their arch-rivals Manchester United where he won two league trophies. Due to a fire which destroyed the most of Hyde Road, City then moved to Maine Road in 1923. In 1934, City won their much-awaited second FA Cup trophy. Along with the win, City began to grow more and more popular in England. During a sixth-round fixture against Stoke City, City made history with the spectators counted in 84,569. In 1937, the club won its first ever First Division trophy and scored 100 goals during the season. Leicester City vs Manchester City live stream Next three decades after the 30s, City only managed to win a single FC Cup, an era which is regarded as the worst in the club’s history. In 1965, Joe Mercer took over City as its manager. During Mercer’s six years at the club, City won a First Division title, English Cups and a Cup Winner’s Cup. The next decade, City again tasted a long walked period of mediocrity, winning a single League Cup in the 70s. Manchester City began to gather momentum in the 1998-99 season. The season City climbed to the First Division and managed to go straight to Premier League from Division One. The following season, City were relegated to Division One and finished first that season. After which, City established itself as a Premier League team. From 1923-2003, Maine Road was City’s home. In 2003, City the club built a new home with a much bigger capacity. A New Era – Era of Dominance In 2008 Abu Dhabi billionaire Sheikh Mansour took over Manchester City and a new era began at the club. With Sheikh Mansour, City had hands on the transfer market, singing many big names. Within five years of Mansour’s regime, City spent well over £500 millions on big names. Mansour’s influence displayed a new name for the City’s home ground, which was changed to Etihad Stadium in 2011. With big names in the team, City returned to their glorious days. The club won Premier League, League Cup titles, and one FA Cup in the following period. In the 2017-18 season, City won the Premier League title with 100 points, becoming the first ever Premier League team to managed 100 points a single season. City grabbed the feast under manager Pep Guardiola, which was the name behind FC Barcelona’s glorious years in 10s. City: Manchester Home Grounds Clowes Street (1880-1881) Kirkmanshulme Cricket Ground (1881-1882) Queens Road (1882-1884) Pink Bank Lane (1884-1887) Hyde Park (1887-1923) Maine Road (1923-2003) Etihad Stadium (2003-) Trophy Haul First Division/Premier League: 5 FA Cup: 5 League Cup: 6 UEFA Cup Winners’ Cup: 1	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line723
__label__cc	0.735332	0.264668	European Under 19 Championship Success For Hilson [Friday, 01 October 2010 01:00] On loan striker, Dale Hilson netted one of Scotland's goals in a 2-1 success against host country Estonia in Tallin on Thursday in the qualifying tournament for the European Under 19 Championship. He had also been on the mark earlier in the week in the 7-0 demolition of Leichtenstein. Billy Stark's men now require only a point from Sunday 's final game against Norway to ensure qualification for the next stage of the tournament. Another of the Loons on loan players, Scott Gallacher, is off to Iceland next week as part of the Scotland Under 21 squad for the first leg of the final qualifier for next summer's European Under 21 Championships. Fixtures News \| Latest News	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line725
__label__wiki	0.73444	0.73444	Homedirector June 17, 2019 fantasyscififestival director, fantasy movies, sci-fi film, short film, short film festival, Uncategorized feedback film festival, Roth Rind (THIS IS FINE) Director Statement Life is a movie made up of a million narratives. It’s genre defined by the dramatic interactions we encounter, wrapped in adventure, fear, heartbreak, love, crisis, success and failure. It’s theme is forever constant, and yet fluid. It’s a journey where the only guide is a faded map and ‘x’ marks the ever-shifting spot. It’s penned in black with a mantle of red notes where the character seeks the knowledge of what matters most. The call sheet varies from day-to-day where some characters play the featured and others support the play. They span the spectrum of color, age and physique, but their role is not defined. They are the masters of sentiment both for self and patrons, unpredictable but clear. The cast list welcomes new faces seeking a purpose, and inevitably says farewell to favorites that have reached ‘The End.’ In a flash the movie is over with a final image of the lead riding off the edge of the setting sun… but when the credits roll and the lights come up to the remnants of popcorn seeds and candy wrappers, a mark remains. A mark of warmth, of sadness, of absolution, and of understanding. This mark is carried by the players who brought it to the silver screen and the audience who dared to pay the ticket price. So let’s make a movie with a story of life in hopes that together we leave a mark that lasts. Director BIO: Sophie Black (SONGBIRD) April 16, 2019 fantasyscififestival audience feedback, director, short film, short film festival feedback film festival, SONGBIRD short film, Sophie Black Sophie graduated from the University of Creative Arts in 2010, then spent the next few years working in the art department of independent productions. She produced subtle sci-fi Stop/Eject (which screened at Raindance 2014, before making it onto the long list for Best British Short at BAFTA), and directed Night Owls, (which screened at London Short Film Festival in 2016 and won 17 awards at smaller festivals), as well as building a career as a producer and editor of corporate films. She was recently selected as a participant of the 2018 BAFTA crew. Director BIO: Jacob Langsner (LIFE OF DEATH DEBATES) April 16, 2019 fantasyscififestival director, fantasy movies, watch short films, wildsound festival review feedback film festival, Jacob Langsner, LIFE OR DEATH DEBATES short film Jacob Langsner is a Director, Producer, Writer, and Actor from Las Vegas, Nevada. Langsner is currently a student at Stanford University. Beyond filmmaking, he studies ethical philosophy, creative writing, and political science. He is a published poet, having pieces in the “Stanford Daily Magazine”. Langsner also participates in the Stanford Storytelling Project. Langsner is considering an “Ethics in Society” Honors thesis, which will explore morality, ethics, and justice in the context of modern storytelling. To date, Jacob Langsner has directed and produced over twenty short films. These projects range from experimental to documentary and dramatic narrative. Langsner’s films have received critical acclaim from multiple festivals and competitions. His documentary “Going Home” premiered at the 2018 Sonoma International Film Festival, where it was selected to open the festival. That film also received an IMPACT Documentary award. Langsner’s experimental film “How to Ride a Bike” also premiered in 2018 at FilmOneFest. That same year, his experimental film “Touched” was exhibited at Stanford University’s Cantor Arts Center. Five of Langsner’s dramatic shorts have been selected to premiere at the All-American High School Film Festival (2015-2018), and one at the Scout Film Festival (2017). Langsner also received two Gold Medals at the Skills USA Digital Filmmaking 24-hour competition (2015 & 2016). In 2016, Langsner was selected for the Harvard Prize Book Award for academic excellence in concert with his artistic pursuits. As an emerging filmmaker, Langsner participated in the “Motion Picture Producing and Directing” program at USC’s School of Cinematic Arts (Summer 2018). This program was held in partnership with Universal Studios; Langsner was one of the youngest people to direct a short film on Universal’s New York Backlot. In 2018, Langsner also spent time managing the Instagram page for the Scout Film Festival as an invited filmmaker. Other film and writing endeavors include: participation in the Cherubs National High School Institute for Film and Video at Northwestern University (2016); participation in the Iowa Young Writers’ Studio at the University of Iowa (2016), and the study of speculative fiction and media psychology at Brown University’s pre-college program (2015). Langsner began his artistic career with a major in Theatre at the Las Vegas Academy of the Arts: a nationally acclaimed Grammy-winning arts magnet high school in Nevada. Langsner acted in over 10 plays and musicals, including leading roles as Orpheus in Sarah Ruhl’s “Eurydice”, and as Lee Baum in “The American Clock”, by Arthur Miller. Early in his high school career at the Las Vegas Academy, Langsner pioneered the creation of a new “Video Production” major. He graduated as Valedictorian, and as the first double major in Theatre and Video Production. I wrote, directed, and shot “Life or Death Debates” at USC’s School of Cinematic Arts Summer production program. This film is a final testament to the breadth of knowledge I acquired at USC. It is an exercise in drawing the most impact from the fewest resources: one stark location, three actors, and six hours to shoot. The content is inspired by my studies in philosophy during my freshman year at Stanford. As I begin to cement a plan for establishing a college major, I intend to marry my passions for filmmaking and philosophy, ultimately examining the crucial intersection between storytelling and ethics. As “Life or Death Debates” is a heartfelt goodbye to the brilliant professors and fellow filmmakers at USC, it is also an excited hello to the coming years of artistry and intellectual engagement. Director BIO: Valentin Petit (THE NOISE OF THE LIGHT) April 16, 2019 fantasyscififestival director, fantasy movies, feedback film festival, short film, short film festival feedback film festival, The Noise of The Light short film, Valentin Petit Valentin Petit is a young French director based in Paris. He wrote several video clips for street music artists and directed a lot of commercials for famous brands such as Puma, Unicef, Adidas or Canal +. His passion for travel naturally led him to fiction, through which he was able to express a more neo-melancholic creation. He is currently developing many personal projects, among which short films that won multiple awards in French and international film festivals, like his latest experimental film: « A Portrait of Rafel Delalande ». Following my previous works (Anthophobia and A Portrait of Rafel Delalande), I wanted Le Bruit de la Lumière as a crossroad between a visual experience and a film fantastic. Through this combination, I wanted to tell a story about the synaesthesia phenomenon. I discovered this feeling which some people experience in the autobiographic novel from Daniel Tammet, Born On A Blue Day. In order to create Lou, the main character, with Guillaume (co-writer), we went a little bit further by giving her a supernatural ability to generate sound when she is touch by the light. This choice show our fascination and our inability to understand something which is so intimate and personal. The Fantastic treatment of the story is also a way to exacerbate the connections between our main characters. Marius and Pablo are facing an opportunity which is difficult to avoid, despite their friendship with Lou. How would we react in front of such a phenomenon? Moreover, how are we actually reacting to a person who describes her synaesthesia? Director Biography – Robin Tremblay (FAEW) October 23, 2018 October 23, 2018 fantasyscififestival director, Director BIO, fantasy movies, feedback film festival, Uncategorized Director Biography - Robin Tremblay, FAEW short film Robin Tremblay is an accomplished 3D animator, working for over 26 years in the field of education and within Montreal VFX facilities. He completed is Master in Digital Arts and he is now a freelance consultant for various VFX companies both local and abroad . He is an active member of the Visual Effects Society of California. He is one of the founding teachers of the NAD school in Montreal and still participates in the school’s success by working on its class curriculum and by teaching highly sought after CGI courses. His latest foray into the movie field is to act as director where he use his experience and eclectic imagination to push his bright students to act as an efficient team and go beyond what could be done in a normal education paradigm. The FEAW short film is the result of Robin and his team of talented students. Director Biography – Paul Charisse (UNCLE GRIOT) October 23, 2018 October 23, 2018 fantasyscififestival director, Director BIO, fantasy movies, feedback film festival, sci-fi film, short film Director Biography - Paul Charisse, feedback film festival, UNCLE GRIOT short film Paul has worked for a variety of VFX companies over the past 10 years Including work on the “Lord of the Rings” trilogy animating the character Gollum. He has also worked as an animator and pre-viz sequence designer on “Prince Caspian”, “Stardust” “Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix ” ,”Zorro II”, ”Hellboy II” ,”Brothers Grimm”. He is presently Senior Lecturer in Animation at Portsmouth University and is currently directing his first feature film: “Stina & the Wolf” and his first short film: “Uncle Griot”. As a filmmaker I’m fascinated by the spaces in between dreams and waking and how this can become a place to tell stories and experience ideas in a way that can that can plumb the depths of a viewer’s psyche. We all dream and inhabit the world of surrealism and symbolism nightly. I want to translate this experience through evocatively visual storytelling, exploring tales that are at once universal and at the same time, strangely unique. Director Biography – Rosita Lama Muvdi (TABULA RASA) October 23, 2018 October 23, 2018 fantasyscififestival director, Director BIO, fantasy movies, short film, short film festival, Uncategorized Director Biography - Rosita Lama Muvdi, feedback film festival, TABULA RASA short film Rosita is a Colombian directress who believes we all have a monster lurking deep inside us and, every now and then, an uncontrollable hunger forces us to surrender to the darkness and allow our inner monster to come out and play. The darkness in female sexuality, the perversion in the mundane, and viscerally penetrating emotional imagery are themes that are ever-present in Rosita’s work. After pursuing her B.S. in Film and Television at Boston University, where her film SOMBRA AZUL won first place at the Redstone Film Festival, Rosita directed commercial and documentary work, which screened in Colombian theatres, and has had her fashion photography work featured in major publications like Vogue Mexico, among others. After directing CREEP DATE, a finalist at Miami International Film Festival’s REEL Music Video Art Competition, Rosita moved to Los Angeles to pursue her M.F.A. in Directing at AFI, where she wrote and directed her thesis film LA SIRENA (Grand Jury Winner at Dances with Films) , a psychosexual fairy tale about a woman who surrenders to her inner monster to avenge her broken heart. Growing up is never easy. And as hard as we try to keep some of that childish innocence alive, we know eventually we have to let it go. Whether we want to or not, consciously or not, one thing is true: it comes at a price. There is something we inevitably, and sometimes painfully sacrifice as we come of age and become suddenly aware of everything we were too happy to remain oblivious to. And no matter how hard we try to resist that darkness, we know we have to feed our innocence to it. We have to grow up. Even if it hurts.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line731
__label__wiki	0.682434	0.682434	Advisor Trade Groups Hit Record Political Spending Trade associations representing investment advisors and brokers are contributing record amounts to curry favor on Capitol Hill, InvestmentNews writes. Leading the pack is the Financial Services Institute. The broker-dealer association donated $335,000 in the election cycle that started January 1 last year, compared to the $286,000 it gave during the 2014 cycle, according to Federal Election Commission filings cited by the publication. Meanwhile, the Insured Retirement Institute, which focuses on retirement income planning, contributed $173,000 in the current cycle compared to the $139,000 it gave in 2014, InvestmentNews writes. And the Financial Planning Association, representing advocates for financial planners, donated $81,500 in the 2016 cycle, up from the $57,500 it contributed in 2014, while the Investment Adviser Association, which lobbies on behalf of federally registered investment advice firms, gave $40,000, compared to the $34,000 it donated in 2014, according to the publication. The groups typically donate regardless of political party to the reelection campaigns of incumbents who sit on committees that impact advisors, including House Financial Services, Senate Banking, House Ways and Means and Senate Finance, the publication writes. All of them also contribute to political action committees, InvestmentNews writes. (Getty) But while each of these groups set records in political campaign contributions in this election cycle, those amounts pale in comparison to the money spent on campaigns by trade groups representing major brokerages and insurance businesses. The Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association contributed $695,750 in 2016, while the Investment Company Institute gave $1.9 million and the National Association of Insurance and Financial Advisors contributed $2.2 million, InvestmentNews writes. And the American Council of Life Insurers has donated $1.2 million in 2016, almost double the $663,000 it spent in the last election cycle, according to the publication. To read the InvestmentNews article cited in this story, click here. Investment Officers See Impending “Ticker Shock” for Clients BrokerCheck Omits Key Data, Says Legal Lobby Neuroscience Tricks for Better FA-Client Relations What's your Biggest Cybersecurity Fear? ThinkTank: Investing Post-Brexit Rally May Signal Complacency BMO Global Asset Management High-Yield and Bank Loan Outlook – October 2016 Investment Insights: Another golden rule: gold miners ≠ gold ETF Securities	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line735
__label__cc	0.509902	0.490098	Bernardo Bortolotti Director, Sovereign Investment Lab, Bocconi University Bernardo Bortolotti is Professor in economics at the University of Turin and director of the Sovereign Investment Lab at the Paolo Baffi Center of Central Banking and Financial Regulation at Bocconi University in Milan. His research focuses on the complex relationships between state and markets, with special emphasis on state ownership of firms, regulation, and corporate governance. He is one the leading experts in privatization, state-assets management and divestiture, and sovereign wealth funds. His work appeared in major academic journals and he has published two books with Oxford University Press. He has been Executive Director of Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. He has advised the World Bank, the Initiative for Policy Dialogue, the Italian Ministry of the Economy as secretary of the Global Advisory Committee on Privatization, and the Italian Audit Office. He is member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Cassa Depositi e Prestiti. He is the founder of the Privatization Barometer.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line737
__label__cc	0.676118	0.323882	Black Lives Matter, Part 2 Part I exposed the motives and ideology of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) founders. Part II explores further why BLM is problematic for theologically orthodox Christians and how the church should respond to it. The Danger of BLM One of the dangers of BLM is that it pulls on the heartstrings of those who really care about life—both blacks and whites. Ironically, those who claim concern for black lives ignore the abortion of black babies and the killing of black boys by other black boys in gang violence. While focusing almost exclusively on race as the source of injustice and harm, BLM engage in the politics of racial grievance. The politics of racial grievance trigger an emotional response that ultimately shuts down logical inquiry or debate, rendering people vulnerable to emotional manipulation. It is designed to exploit whites and blacks alike. In whites, it creates guilt for segregation, Jim Crow laws, and slavery even though systemic racism was defeated decades ago. The politics of racial grievance is intended to make whites feel guilty so that they’ll make concessions to black leadership, funding the programs and activities sanctioned by black leaders. The politics of racial grievance works on black people too. It galvanizes black solidarity behind a cause, including causes unworthy of black allegiance. The idea is that if anyone should be “down with the cause,” black people should, and if you’re not, you’re a sell-out, an Uncle Tom. Black people are expected to support black causes, period. No questions asked. This is not a new phenomenon. Booker T. Washington identified people in his day that used the politics of racial grievance to manipulate blacks: There is another class of coloured people who make a business of keeping the troubles, the wrongs, and the hardships of the Negro race before the public. Having learned that they are able to make a living out of their troubles, they have grown into the settled habit of advertising their wrongs — partly because they want sympathy and partly because it pays. Some of these people do not want the Negro to lose his grievances, because they do not want to lose their jobs. The dubious goal of the politics of racial grievance exploited by BLM and others is to finance their causes. Thus, in order to advance their agendas, they have to come up with a negative narrative regardless of its veracity. The story must pull on the heartstrings of blacks to ensure solidarity and of whites to keep them feeling guilty and compliant. Hence, the false narrative that “Blacks are being gunned down by white cops” excites those who have been conditioned to accept the claim regardless of its factual accuracy. Black solidarity is often at odds with the truths of God’s Word. It pulls black Christians away from their solidarity with our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. For an example, in 1995 Louis Farrakhan and purportedly Christian ministers called on black men to travel to Washington D.C. for a day of atonement for their sins and individual and collective signs of reconciliation to their families and community. On the surface such an appeal appears reasonable and even praiseworthy. Those who take the Bible seriously, however, understand that the work of atonement was made through Jesus’ death, burial, and resurrection: And by that will we have been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. And every priest stands daily at his service, offering repeatedly the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins. But when Christ had offered for all time a single sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God, waiting from that time until his enemies should be made a footstool for his feet. For by a single offering he has perfected for all time those who are being sanctified. (Heb. 10:10-14) Hebrews 10:26 says, that there is no other sacrifice for sin. Therefore, it is impossible for us to find any other atonement other than what Jesus did for us at Calvary. Neither the Nation of Islam nor Islam understands or adheres to this theology. Furthermore, Christians should not be following people who don’t understand who Christ is and what He did. The Million Man March gave legitimacy to Farrakhan who neither understands nor affirms Christian theology. I would speculate that neither did the many ministers who were involved in this charade, which birthed nothing and made a mockery of Christianity. It is the people of God—committed followers of Jesus Christ—not the Nation of Islam or BLM, who must take a stand for true reconciliation and repentance. Loyalty to the King of Kings We can’t allow people who have no loyalty to Christ and His Kingdom to move us to disloyalty simply by appealing to the color of our skin. The call to follow Christ means leaving racial solidarity behind, especially when it conflicts with our identity in and solidarity with Jesus. Racial solidarity, apart from Christ, is idolatry. In Matthew 10:37 Jesus says, “Whoever loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me, and whoever loves son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. And whoever does not take his cross and follow me is not worthy of me. Whoever finds his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it.” He repeats it again in Matthew 16:24: “‘If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. For whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will find it.’” The forsaking of familial relationships also applies to racial and ethnic allegiances. Allegiance and honor to Christ must always be first. Response of the Church Matthew 5:13 tells us that as members of the Kingdom of Heaven and disciples of Christ, we are the “salt of the earth”—the preservative and seasoning agents of the earth. Verse 5:14 also calls us the “light of the World.” As Christ followers, our purpose is to bear light in the world, so that our good works will be seen by others and give glory to God. The question is, does Black Lives Matter meet these criteria? It depends on how you understand “good works.” Just before these verses are found the Beatitudes where Jesus teaches about the foundations of righteous living: those who are poor in Spirit, those who mourn, the meek, those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, the merciful, the pure in heart, the peacemakers, and those persecuted because of righteousness. Jesus, the righteous King, calls upon his disciples to be righteous: doing what God commands us. By doing so, we act as salt and light to the World. So, how do we do that? How do we apply these principles of righteousness in our daily lives? In Matthew 5:20, we are told that our righteousness must exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees. This is not a works-based salvation but, rather, a recognition that Jesus is the fulfillment of all righteousness, the law, and the Prophets (Matt. 5:17). True disciples of Jesus take on His righteous mantel as sons and daughters of God. In contrast, the scribes and Pharisees are hypocrites who practice “their righteousness” before men. Jesus warns, “Beware of practicing your righteousness before other people in order to be seen by them, for then you will have no reward from your Father who is in heaven” (Matt 6:1). God’s righteousness is different from that of the Pharisees, or in our case the practices of BLM. It must exceed the Pharisees’ interpretation of the Law (5:21-48) It must exceed the Pharisees’ motivation (6:1-21) It must exceed the Pharisees’ value system (6:22-34) It must exceed the Pharisees’ relationships (7:1-12) If our righteousness does not affect our relationships with others, it lacks true fellowship with God. BLM has created a false image. The BLM movement is interested in promoting a “progressive” social and political agenda—not in truly protecting black lives. They affirm homosexual activity and relationships, illegal immigration, and black liberation. Stories of the indisputably tragic deaths of black people at the hands of white cops are continually propagated while the tragic and senseless loss of preborn black babies’ lives and the lives of blacks gunned down in gang violence receive relatively little public attention. Unfortunately, instead of uniting voices in an urgent call for righteousness and right relations between people, in Ferguson, Missouri, and Baltimore, Maryland, BLM encouraged civil disobedience that became violent. How does that square with what Jesus said in Matthew 5:43-44: “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’ But I say to you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, so that you may be sons of your Father who is in heaven.” The church has lost its way. We are suffering the consequences of having far too many church attendees and not enough disciples. After his resurrection, Jesus spoke these words: All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age. (Matt. 28: 18-20). It’s high time we focus on what Jesus commands. Indeed, He died and rose again because black lives do matter. However, He calls those black lives and all who would follow Him to a greater righteousness that is only found through life lived in Him. The church has the authority to change our communities for Christ, but it must be done for His glory and not our own agenda. It must be done in a way that glorifies God and does not promote racial division. May God help us to faithfully follow after Him, forsaking all else. Read part 1 here ← Real Perspectives Of Mainstream Americans Mideast Can’t Support Democratic Governance → One thought on “Black Lives Matter, Part 2” Rick Skiba says: Thank you for reminding us all that black lives, white lives, Hispanic lives, Asian lives and all lives matter to God. If Black Lives Matter TRULY wants stop the violence, it must include addressing that black lives don’t matter to black gangs. Trust has been shaken by “police on black” shootings. Still, the number of police shootings must be measured against the number of gang shootings. Over the years, I have seen several moms of black kids killed in gang style interviewed on TV. Some have questioned why the Illinois National Guard has not been called in to help stop the violence. National Guard units are called in to help flood victims along the Mississippi. National Guard units bring clean drinking water to residents of Flint Michigan. Why can’t the Illinois National Guard be brought in to protect citizens from gang violence. Dr. Wallace is the Publisher of Freedom's Journal Magazine. He has been in publishing for over 20 years and in ministry over 40 years. He holds a PhD in Biblical studies and is an ordained minister. He also serves as the President & Co-founder of Freedom's Journal Institute, the parent company of this magazine. He is married to Jennifer Wallace and they have two sons Eric and Greg.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line742
__label__cc	0.575423	0.424577	Photographer Uses Robots to Shoot Commercial Videos by Mike O'Leary Video of How to Shoot a Commercial with Robots As advanced technology becomes more affordable, we seem to be seeing more and more photographers and videographers using robots to help them create jaw-dropping work, which requires precise movements. These machines are no longer only in the domain of the likes of NASA, Google, or Hollywood — and that's really exciting. Steve Giralt is a commercial photographer, director, and visual engineer, based in Manhattan, NYC. Chances are, you have seen his work before — his Hershey's S'mores advert and BTS video were seen by millions about a year ago, and many of his creations have been on display at Madison Square Gardens and Times Square. As Instagram accounts go, his has got to be one of the most illuminating and fun professional videographer accounts out there. I love posts that show behind the scenes stuff, especially relating to commercial photography and videography. Not only are we treated to his insane visuals, but we also get to peek behind the curtain so, to me, he is using the platform to its full potential. The advantages to BTS posting are many — as long as what you're doing is good — but most importantly, they spread organically because of their viral nature, eventually landing in front of the eyes of potential clients. It's smart marketing, and he has it down to a T. In the video, Giralt gives us a brief rundown of how he uses his robots to fill a container with various liquids and ice, while filming it with a Phantom VEO 4K camera, which is also on a robotic arm. But what if you can't afford robots and a slow-motion camera? Like he says in the video: "just start small." No one ever started out with the best of equipment, except maybe working as an assistant back in the days of old, but basic movement tools are more affordable than ever. Mike is a landscape and commercial photographer from, Co. Kerry, Ireland. In his photographic work, Mike tries to avoid conveying his sense of existential dread, while at the same time writing about his sense of existential dread. The last time he was in New York he was mugged, and he insists on telling that to every person he meets. greengrafphotography.com More from Mike O'Leary Sizing Your Video for Your Target Audience in DaVinci Resolve Cinematographer Dicusses His Work on The Empire Strikes Back Revealed: Behind The Scenes Technique Capturing These Alluring Photos on Instagram Why I Share Trade Secrets on Instagram Tor Ivan Boine - June 25, 2019 David Penner - June 25, 2019 This might be an unpopular opinion here but it would make a lot more sense to do most of this stuff with CGI. Jon G David Penner - June 25, 2019 [Edited] I believe you’re mistaken - the cost and latency of iteration is far greater in CGI, and sequences would have to be meticulously planned out with less room for experimentation. Once you have the equipment and know-how to do it in camera, you can experiment and iterate quickly. Also, sometimes cool stuff happens by accident in real life, which is not the case in CGI. Finally, getting CGI fluids etc. and foods to look truly organic is very tricky and expensive. Much easier and cheaper to do it for real. David Penner Jon G - June 26, 2019 With CGI you need less planning. You just place your objects, cameras and lighting the same way you would with any other shot. The difference is it's realtime and everything is active. CGI fluids have come a long way. You aren't stuck with using real gravity or physics though. As far as food goes that isn't difficult or expensive either. Using something like the quixel megascans Library gives you access to pretty much anything. If you are going for a more creative look again everything can be tweaked to get that look and you don't need to worry about the food looking different from shot to shot due to the lighting and temperature. Chase Wilson - June 26, 2019 Steve Giralt shoots some absolutely amazing imagery. https://www.instagram.com/p/BupKCgNBZY1/ https://www.instagram.com/p/BtmT2xQBw7g/ https://www.instagram.com/p/Be_RRXmn_Yw/ https://www.instagram.com/p/BmTKDJJngCI/ https://www.instagram.com/p/Bjzp5yJHOiv/	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line743
__label__wiki	0.611465	0.611465	Log in or sign up to join our events and create your own profile. Log in to sign up for events or to change your profile. Forgot you password huh? Hey! I'm new here :) Join the community! Create your Funbase profile below. * Email confirmation Select your avatar Upload a JPG or PNG (10MB max.) Birth date 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 January February March April May June July August September October November December 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 You must be over 18 to join our events Subscribe to our newsletter for play party invites By signing up you agree to our Privacy Policy	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line745
__label__wiki	0.690029	0.690029	China – Record year but Galaxy misses analyst targets By Phil - 20 March 2014 Macau heavyweight Galaxy Entertainment posted a 36 per cent increase in net profit for 2013 marking a record year and its tenth consecutive quarter of growth. The group reported record highs in revenue, adjusted EBITDA and net profit attributable to shareholders with full year revenue increasing by 16 per cent to $66bn. However with fourth-quarter EBIDTA increasing to HK$3.5bn ($451m), results lagged behind the HK$3.67bn average of nine analyst predictions put together by Bloomberg. BNP Paribas Securities Asia Analyst D.S. Kim said: “The fourth-quarter result was a slight miss mainly due to unfavourable luck factor. It’s temporary and nothing structural.” Dr. Lui Che-woo, Chairman of GEG said: “2013 was a success for the Group on every metric. Historic highs were achieved in revenue and earnings as all parts of the business performed ahead of last year. We strengthened our liquid balance sheet by reducing borrowings considerably, completed the strategic acquisition of the Grand Waldo Complex, and pressed on with our Cotai development plans that will provide guests with the widest available choice of entertainment, cultural and MICE facilities in Macau. The group’s flagship property; Galaxy Macau saw full year revenue grow by 21per cent to $40bn with fourth quarter Adjusted EBITDA increasing by 35 per cent year-on-year to $2.5bn. StarWorld Macau recorded its best ever year and quarter with full year Adjusted EBITDA of $3.7bn, representing an increase of almost 14 per cent. Fourth quarter Adjusted EBITDA at StarWorld surpassed the $1bn mark for the first time. Dr. Lui added: “”In 2013, revenue and earnings grew 16 per cent and 36 per cent, respectively. Galaxy Macau’s results continued to improve while growth initiatives implemented at StarWorld Macau led to a strong resurgence. We have achieved a great deal since being awarded a gaming concession in 2002. The Galaxy brand has become synonymous with ‘World Class, Asian Heart’ service and products standards. We have built and operated some of the largest and most innovative leisure and entertainment properties in the world. And finally, our phenomenal growth was recognised in June as we became a constituent of Hong Kong’s benchmark Hang Seng Index, a remarkable achievement for such a young company.” Macau continues to reinforce its reputation as one of the world’s most dynamic and vibrant tourism and leisure destinations. Total visitation climbed four per cent to 29.3m, with Mainland visits growing at a faster rate of 10% to 18.6m. Visitors from the mainland now account for 64 per cent of the total. Total gaming revenues increased by almost 19 per cent to $350bn, with the higher margin mass segment growing 35 per cent and VIP experiencing a very encouraging 13 per cent increase in revenue. The evolution in the market to the mass segment reflects Chinese middle class’ increased desire for travel. In terms of future development, Galaxy Macau Phase 2 remains on budget and on schedule to complete by mid-2015 whilst Cotai Phases 3 & 4 is dependent on the group finalising plans for a $50 to $60bn resort focused on non-gaming with construction expected to begin as early as late 2014 The refitting of Grand Waldo Complex has already commenced with expected unveiling of plans in mid-2014 whilst on Hengqin Island, Galaxy ecently entered into a framework agreement with the Hengqin authority to move forward on the proposed RMB10bn plan to develop a world class destination resort on a 2.7 sq km land parcel Dr Lui said: “I am deeply excited by the journey ahead. We have an excellent development pipeline including: completion of Phase 2 by mid-2015, commencement of Phases 3 & 4 as early as late 2014, the reintroduction of the Grand Waldo Complex and the proposed future development of our Hengqin Island world class destination resort to complement our projects in Macau. We are also exploring new opportunities to expand our brand beyond Macau into overseas markets. Macau’s prospects for the years to come are excellent. Major infrastructure and transport projects will increase visitation and we are confident that the Government’s prudent stewardship of the economy will ensure long term sustainability,” he added. “Our well defined roadmap for growth also gives us confidence that we can fulfill our ultimate goal to be ‘globally recognised as Asia’s leading gaming and entertainment corporation’ and create substantial value for shareholders for many years to come.” The major infrastructure and transport improvement projects in the region are well underway including the Guangzhou-Zhuhai Super Highway ending at Hengqin Island, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge and the Light Rail Transit connecting Macau, Taipa and Cotai. These works will significantly improve Macau’s access from the Mainland and boost visitation. “We strongly believe that Hengqin Island will also play a key role in supporting Macau’s development as a world centre of tourism and leisure,” Dr Lui added. US-Boyd buys Peninsula Gaming for $1.45bn US – IGT launches first interstate Pay Poker Progressive Malta – Marshall appointed to CPO role to lead SiGMA Foundation CSR Projects	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line746
__label__cc	0.660606	0.339394	US – Less competition allows Atlantic City to thrive By Phil - 16 February 2015 Seven of Atlantic City’s remaining eight casinos have reported revenue increases proving that less competition in the market has made them more profitable. January’s gaming revenue was up nearly 19 per cent compared to a year ago. The Atlantic Club closed in January, the Showboat shut in August whilst Revel and Trump Plaza closed in September. Matt Levinson, Chairman of the New Jersey Casino Control Commission, said of the casinos: “Seven out of them were up, and six reported double-digit increases. Even when you include the now-closed casinos in last year’s results, the total gaming win is still up. While it is always risky to say we’ve turned a corner or that there is light at the end of the proverbial tunnel, let me say that January’s results are very encouraging.” Gaming Revenue came in at US$197.5m in January, representing an increase of 18.8 per cent, up from the $166.2 m generated in January 2014. Resorts saw an increase in revenues of 31.8 per cent, Caesars was up 29.8 per cent, Tropicana increased by 28, whilst Harrah’s was up by 20.1 per cent. Only the Trump Taj Mahal Casino Resort saw its revenues drop, falling by 21.2 per cent to $12.1m. Interactive was also up, month by month, generating $11.5m in January, up from $10.7m in December. Australia – Support growing to reopen Christmas Island casino US – Emerald Island launches Konami’s Synkros Management System Bulgaria – Zytronic speeds the pace of roulette with unique multiplayer table	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line747
__label__wiki	0.792232	0.792232	Nokia Unveils 4 New Android Phones at MWC 2018 By Gianfranco Viterbo February 27, 2018 By Gianfranco Viterbo Rumored Nokia 8 Pro May Be Equipped with a Penta-Lens Camera Module Nokia seems to be gearing up for a ton of new devices, as there are now rumors of a Nokia 8 Pro that’s in the works. It will be powered by the Snapdragon 845 chipset and will supposedly feature advanced camera innovations. One of these features is the rumored Penta-lens camera module with rotating Zoom tech from Zeiss. The sketch above shows that both the Nokia 8 Pro and Nokia 9 has the fingerprint sensor located below the circular dual camera. You may also notice that both of these phones are protected with 3D glass on the front and back. Source A Mysterious Nokia Device Has Been Certified by the FCC Mobile World Congress (MWC) is coming and Nokia has yet to announce their devices for the event. Now though, we might actually have been given a glimpse of what’s to come. According to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the Nokia TA-1071 has been approved and it is ready to hit the market as soon as possible. Based on the specs provided by the FCC, the Nokia 1 will be 134mm tall and 50mm wide while the diagonal display is 136mm, which is roughly 5.35″. The Nokia 1 has Bluetooth 4, 4G LTE and 2.4GHz WiFi. Evan Blass (@evleaks) has provided an image with the purported device which gives an idea of what it looks like. The Nokia 1 is expected to be the most affordable of the bunch, with a price tag just below the Nokia 2. Source Nokia 7+ Image Leaks: Confirms 18:9 Display with Curved Glass By Emman Tortoza February 19, 2018 HMD is set to announce a number of new Nokia devices at this year’s MWC in Barcelona. And as always, it’s always been the trend for images of upcoming devices to float around in leaks as the date nears. Now, we have what is supposedly an image of the upcoming Nokia 7+. As seen in the picture, it seems that HMD has finally adapted today’s popular design language, and it actually looks beautiful. The phone can be seen with an 18:9 full screen display, minus any notches up top. As to whether this device will use an under display fingerprint scanner remains to be seen, but at least I can speculate that it’s still at the back. The Nokia 7+ is rumored to sport an FHD+ display, a mid-range Snapdragon 660 processor, dual cameras, and microSD card support, among other features. It’s also said that this device will be the first… By Emman Tortoza Get a FREE Premium Accessory When You Buy a Nokia 8 or Nokia 3 Until March 31! HMD Global is making Valentine’s day even sweeter this year with its Nokia Perfect Pairs promo! Share you favorite music with loved ones with accessories that are a perfect match to your Nokia Android smartphone! Is this the Nokia 9? Photos of Nokia’s supposedly upcoming flagship have recently surfaced online. Allegedly, these phones are prototypes which are being tested in the wild. Despite the dismal quality, we can clearly see the dual camera module at the back of the phone in one of the images. Another photo also exposes the front, which confirms an 18:9 display (supposedly of OLED technology) with its curved sides. The app in the image also resembles the default one that you get in stock Android. In any case, HMD’s event at this year’s MWC is set to be full of surprises, and we can’t wait to see the new Nokia phone(s) that will be unveiled. Source via Get a FREE JBL Go Speaker With Every Purchase of a Nokia Android Smartphone! By Emman Tortoza January 9, 2018 HMD is giving Nokia fans an upbeat treat this month, as every purchase of a Nokia 3, 5, 6 and 8 from January 1 to 31, 2018 also comes with a FREE JBL Go Bluetooth Speaker! The promo is available for purchases made in authorized Nokia smartphone dealers nationwide, and in argomall.com. The Nokia 3 has a precision-machine aluminium frame that ensures exceptional build quality that is often unexpected from a phone at the budget segment. The Nokia 5 on the other hand, is powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon 430 octa-core processor and hosts a 13MP camera with dual-tone flash. Then there’s the Nokia 6 which boasts Dolby Atmos dual speakers complimented by a smart amplifier, Nokia’s current flagship, the Nokia 8, is equipped with 13MP front and rear cameras that can run simultaneously with the world’s first dual-sight camera technology in collaboration with ZEISS optics. To top it off,… Nokia 6 (2018) to be Unveiled on January 5! The Nokia 6 (2018) has recently been sighted in TENAA, which meant that a launch was well on the way. Now, a teaser posted on January 2 reveals that the phone will indeed be unveiled in 3 days time, which is January 5. The bottom text also translates to “The New Nokia 6.” The Nokia 6 (2018) is touted to have a 5.5-inch Full HD display with the usual 16:9 aspect ratio. And while it uses the same cameras as the previous version, it’s been equipped with a Snapdragon 630 processor compared to the 430 on the previous version. We’ll keep you updated on pricing and availability as it gets announced, so stay tuned. Source: GSMArena Spotted in TENAA: Nokia 6 (2018) The Nokia 6 marked the triumphant return of what was once one of the most prominent smartphone manufacturers in the industry, offering an all new design, decent mid-range specs, and competitive pricing. Now, a recent sighting at Chinese certification agency TENAA reveals that a 2018 variant is on its way, with a number of notable improvements. According to the listing, the Nokia 6 (2018) features a 5.5-inch Full HD display, powered by an octa-core Snapdragon 630 processor along with 4GB of RAM, and either 32GB or 64GB of storage. As for the cameras, it will be the same as the previous version, 16MP at the rear, and 8MP at the front. It’s also reported to come in White, Blue and Black colors. There’s still no information as to when the Nokia 6 (2018) will be launched or how much it will cost, but the listing suggests that it’s coming very… Spotted in TENAA: An LTE-Capable Nokia 3310 By Emman Tortoza December 30, 2017 Yes. You’ve read that right. A recent sighting in Chinese certification agency, TENAA reveals a new variant of the legendary Nokia 3310. While everything else is basically the same, the key difference to this new variant is its networking chip, which is now 4G/LTE Capable. It will also be powered by Alibaba’s YunOS, which brings a number of popular social media apps such as Facebook, Twitter, and Skype. So far, we don’t have information as to whether this variant will become available locally, but let’s hope so. Source: GizChina Get FREE Tickets to Watch Justice League When You Buy a Nokia Smartphone from MemoXpress! By Emman Tortoza November 24, 2017 If you’re planning to get yourself a Nokia smartphone, now’s a great time, because HMD Global has just partnered with the blockbuster hit Justice League to power up its Android smartphones – the Nokia 3, 5, 6, and its flagship, the Nokia 8. Now, every purchase of a Nokia 8 comes with 2 free tickets to Justice League, while every purchase of a Nokia 3, 5, and 6 comes with 1 ticket. (Purchase must be done from any of the 45 participating MemoXpress stores. Nokia’s phones are optimized for everyday use and come in a variety of colors that suit every user’s lifestyle. The Nokia 8 in particular, features dual-sight camera technology in collaboration with ZEISS optics. Users will be able to fuse images from both the front and rear cameras, and do live streams directly from the camera app. The Nokia 3, 5, 6, and 8 retails for PhP6,990,… Nokia 2 Announced, Promises 2 Days of Battery Life By Emman Tortoza November 1, 2017 If you’re on the lookout for a phone that won’t give up even after a day’s worth of usage, you’re in luck, because HMD Global has just announced the newest Nokia handset with a whopping 4,100mAh battery, the Nokia 2. The Nokia 2 is an entry level device that sports a 5-inch HD display, and is powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon 212 processor, along with 1GB of RAM, and 8GB of storage with microSD card support. The device has an 8MP rear camera, and a 5MP selfie shooter. It runs on Android Nougat with a planned update to Oreo in the future. The Nokia 2 will retail for around 99 Euros, and is expected to be available sometime in mid-November. Nokia 2 Specs: 1.3GHz Qualcomm Snapdragon 212 Quad-Core Processor 1GB of RAM, 8GB of internal storage expandable via microSD card (up to 128GB) 5-inch HD Display with Gorilla Glass 3… Nokia 3310 with 3G Now Available in PH: Priced at PhP2,790 By Emman Tortoza October 18, 2017 HMD Global has recently announced the local availability of the 3G-Enabled Nokia 3310, along with fresh new colors for you to choose from. The retro user interface has been improved by with the capability to change the position and color for each icon, making the phone more personalized. The new 3310 features a matte finish along with silver keypads, and is now available in Warm Red, Yellow, Charcoal, and Azure. Nokia 3310 3G Specs: Dual-band 900/1800MHz +3G Band I, VIII Feature OS 2.4-inch QVGA Display Micro SIM Compatible, Dual SIM Micro USB interface, 3.5mm Headphone Jack Bluetooth 2.1 2MP Camera with LED Flash MicroSD Card Support (Up to 32GB) 1,200mAh battery (Up to 24 Days of Standby Time, Up to 6.5 Hours of Talk Time) The 3G-Enabled Nokia 3310 along with all the new features is now available nationwide for only PhP2,790. Nokia Sold 1.5M Smartphones in the First Half of 2017 According to IDC In a recent tweet by IDC’s Francisco Jeronimo, it’s been revealed that 1.5M Nokia branded phones were sold in the first half of 2017. He also shared that according to IDC, the new 3310 is the star of the show, and is the best-selling phone in western Europe. Most of these units sold are most likely the Chinese variants of the Nokia 6, which was already available there since January. As such, the numbers for Q3 and Q4 will be even more interesting, as all of their announced smartphones including the Nokia 3,5, and 8 would be already available globally. In an interview last month, HMD CEO Pekka Ranata stated that Nokia has already sold millions of smartphones and feature phones, and that the demand even overwhelms the current manufacturing capabilities. Source: @fjeronimo on Twitter, Nokiamob.net Nokia 8 Launches in PH: Zeiss Optics, Snapdragon 835 By Emman Tortoza September 29, 2017 Today marks a big day for Nokia, as their newest flagship, the Nokia 8, has finally arrived in the Philippines. The Nokia 8 is a carefully crafted device made from a single block of Aluminium, sporting a polished mirror finish which gives it a premium and elegant look. The 5.3-inch polarized 2K display makes all of your content look stunning and beautiful, while a Snapdragon 835 CPU ensures that the device can handle everything you’ll throw at it. There’s 4GB of LPDDR4X RAM for multi-tasking, along with 64GB of built-in storage that can be further expanded with a microSD card. The Nokia 8 prides itself with imaging prowess, thanks to dual 13MP cameras at the rear with OIS and PDAF, and a 13MP front camera. Both front and rear cameras are equipped with the renowned ZEISS optics, ensuring every capture is detailed, vibrant, and crystal clear. It’s also the first… Spotted on GFXBench: Nokia 9 with Snapdragon 835 and Android Oreo A new Nokia device has been spotted on popular benchmarking site, GFXBench, and we may be looking at the brand’s newest Flagship. The listing reveals the Nokia 9, a device that has a 5.2 to 5.3-inch Quad HD display, and is powered by an Octa-Core Qualcomm SoC, presumably the Snapdragon 835. It comes with 4GB of RAM and 64GB of internal storage, but we might see another variant with 6GB or even 8GB of RAM, along with 128GB of built-in storage. The Nokia 9 is equipped with 12MP shooter on both the front and rear. The listing also reveals support for 4K video recording. The device runs on Android Oreo out of the box, and is also rumored to be fitted with an Iris Scanner, and is IP68 certified. Sources: GFXBench, GSMArena Nokia 8 Goes Official: Quad HD Display, Snapdragon 835, and Dual Zeiss Cameras By Emman Tortoza August 17, 2017 We’ve been reading a lot of rumors about it, and now it’s finally here. Nokia has just announced its newest flagship, the Nokia 8. The Nokia 8 sports a 5.3-inch Quad HD display protected by Gorilla Glass 5, and is powered by an octa-core Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 processor clocked at 1.8GHz along with 4GB of RAM, 64GB of built-in storage, and packs a 3090mAh battery. As is the current trend, the Nokia 8 is also fitted with a dual camera setup composed of two 13MP sensors with ZEISS optics, one color and one monochrome. There’s also a 13MP front camera with PDAF. Both cameras are capable of 4K recording. A feature named “Bothies” allows you to capture photos and videos with both the front and rear cameras at the same time and combine them into a single picture. You can also stream these contents as live videos to Facebook and… By Emman Tortoza July 19, 2017 Following the recent launch of the Nokia 3,5 and 6, fans of the brand have been waiting for a truly flagship class device. And now, a press image leak has been floating around the web, along with what might be the device’s specs. The Nokia 8 is rumored to sport a 5.3-inch Quad HD display, and is supposedly powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 CPU along with either 4GB or 6GB of RAM. The press render also reveals a dual rear camera setup, something that seems to be the trend in smartphones these days. You’ll also notice the Zeiss branding, which shows that the company has indeed gone back to its roots. Each sensor is touted to have a 13MP resolution. The Nokia 8 is also rumored to run on Android 7.1.1 Nougat out of the box, and might come in at least four colors at launch. There are also…	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line748
__label__wiki	0.554782	0.554782	Star Trek S3D6 The Cloud Miners was the 74th episode shown and it aired on February 28 1969. Kirk and Spock beam down to the planet Ardana to pick up some Zienite. It's needed to stop a plant plague on another planet. The material isn't there when they arrive and our guys get captured by the miners. All the posh citizens live up on the floating city. Jeff Corey, the leader, comes to the rescue. They chase the miners off. Jeff takes Kirk and Spock up to the floating city and shows them around. The society is very segregated. All the thinkers and policy makers live in the sky and all the miners are kept in the dirt. Turns out the miners aren't happy with their dirty lot in life. There's a revolution brewing and Kirk and Spock get caught up in that. They stop the revolution peacefully enough, Spock figures out the mystery of the mad miners, and the miners cough up some of the Zienite. Two planets saved on one trip. That's Star Fleet efficiency, huh? A plot close enough to some of the other episodes in the series not to get many points for originality but it was still ok to watch. Jeff Corey was good. He'd play a Shadow controlled character on Babylon 5 nearly 20 years later. I wondered if Joe S. remembered him from Star Trek when he was casting the part for B5. In The Savage Curtain the Enterprise is looking at a planet with a lot of volcanic activity when Spock gets some odd scan readings. Abe Lincoln appears in the view screen, then comes on board the ship. Is he real? Everyone likes him and he convinces Kirk and Spock to beam down to the planet with him. They meet a Vulcan who introduces himself as Surak. He's the Vulcan who started the current Vulcan civilization. Spock is sure he's not real. A big rock guy appears out of a pile of rocks and tells them they have to fight four villains to the death. What a dick, huh? The rock guy represents a planet that wants to see which way is stronger, Good or Evil, so it's a Battle to the Death. You know how that's going to come out don't you. Some of these aliens sure aren't very imaginative. I guess it comes with being dicks. On the planet Sarpeidon some of the guys get stuck in time in All Our Yesterdays. A sun is about to go supernova and the Enterprise stops by to see if they can offer help to the citizens. When they get there all the people are gone. There's only the black robed librarian who tells them he knows about the trouble with the sun, not to worry, he's leaving to join his family right away. What the landing party doesn't know is the planet's inhabitants have all gone back in time. They plan to live out their lives in different places and times on the planet. This is instead of leaving the planet and having their race continue. It seems like a dumb idea but who am I to judge. Kirk runs right into the time machine when he hears a scream. You'd think Star Fleet would train his ass better but I guess the writers forget. Spock and McCoy, not trained any better, run right into the time machine. The guys get trapped in an ice age with Mariette Hartley. Spock reverts to the more savage Vulcan of his civilizations past and falls for her. Kirk, having wound up in a more recent past, saves a lady from some big hatted ruffians. He gets arrested and tossed in jail for wearing weird clothes. He meets a man from the future who fills him in on the time program and helps him return to the present. Kirk then helps Spock and McCoy return to the present. Poor Mariette has to stay in the past and poor Spock is all alone again. It's another sad episode that was still pretty entertaining. Turnabout Intruder was the last episode and it was to air March 28th 1969 but President Dwight Eisenhower died that day. The episode didn't air until June 3, 1969 when the show returned to the air. Captain Kirk gets his body stolen by a woman who he had dated while they were in the academy. Dr Lester wanted to be a Star Ship Captain. She felt the fleet had a gender bias when she was turned down. Now she's got her chance but after taking over Captain Kirk's body she screws up one command decision after another. Eventually the crew figures out what's happened and revolts. The process is reversed and the Kirk unit returned to his own body again. It wasn't that great a note to end the series on. There was a letter writting campaign for the renewal but the next season never happened until the fans started doing them. I'll be getting to those sooner or later. I guess I found the shows in the third season mostly watchable but not as good as the first and second seasons. Repeated plots would be my most common complaint. Sometimes the story was weak and the dialog the same. Without Roddenberry to watch over the day to day the end product suffered. Even with those are mostly minor complains. The episodes of Star Trek were more consistantly entertaining than the episodes of The Starlost that I had been watching recently. Seeing the shows nearly back to back made the weaknesses in The Starlost really stand out. There's no doubt that the likebility of the characters on Star Trek really helps gloss over the blemishes in any of the weaker episodes. There's another Star Trek disc with The Cage on it. I'll be getting to that soon. September 30, 2012 at 07:46 PM in Science Fiction, Star Trek Series, Television \| Permalink \| Comments (0) I'd put Supercar and Fireball XL5 on my NetFlix queue but wasn't planning to get to them for a while. There are a good number of other programs and movies on the list first. I mentioned my interest in the two shows that I remembered fondly from my youth in passing at Friday Night Movies a while ago and Mike said he had a dvd of a later Gerry Anderson production. I had only read a bit about Lavender Castle while I was reading about the 2 Anderson shows I put on my queue. Those two series started in 1960 & 1962 and Lavender Castle is from 1999. I will nearly always take a gander at something I haven't seen before and last week Mike dropped the 2 disc dvd set into my lap. Today I plowed through the short series. The whole thing is about 4 and a half hours. It was created by Rodney Matthews in the mid 1980's. He took it to Anderson who figured it would be too costly to produce. The show sat in limbo for 10 years until the cost of CGI dropped to a point it might be workable. The characters are all stop motion puppets and the interiors of the ships and some scenery are physical models but the full size ships flying in space, and the planets they fly to, are all CGI. Some of it is pretty nice looking and some less spectacular. The episodes are short, ten minutes long, and there are only 26 total stories in the whole series. It's really aimed at a younger end of the kid crowd and the stories are pretty simple. It's a noisy and colorful space show with a lot of action, some comedy and little danger. Left to right around the table we have Captain Thrice and his talking and thinking Walking Stick, Roger, Lyca, Sproggle, Isambard and Sir Squeeksalot. The Captain's ship is the Paradox and it looks like an English half-timbered, thatched roof cottage. The Captain is on a quest for the fabled city of peace Lavender Castle. He'd been there once and that was where the Walking Stick went from being a piece of carved wood to a sentient critter. The Captain rescues Lyca and Roger from a space pirate who was just about the sell them as slaves to Captain Thrice's enemy Dr Agon. Sir Squeekalot and Sproggle were crew on the pirate ship and they went with the Captain too. Since everyone is a puppet and the series was so short there are only 14 characters on the show. They all cross paths pretty reguarily. You can see the first show below and it will lead you to others on YouTube. I found the show fun to watch but the stories are pretty much the same thing over and over. There are a lot of repeated plot devices that move the story along. The overly clumsy and timid Sproggle tends to become annoying after a while. It does look nice, if you like the Rodney Matthews style of fantasy and science fiction art or his music covers you might like the look of the show. It's hard to say if the story would keep people interested for long. At least people who aren't little kids who like the same thing over and over again. I know I was flagging and loosing attention about the 20th show. I started fast forwarding through the opening credits theme song. I wouldn't recommend it to most people. It's something for smaller kids and some art enthusiasts. I wouldn't feel I need to buy one now that I've seen it. September 30, 2012 at 04:46 PM in Science Fiction, Television \| Permalink \| Comments (0) Joe NetFlix'd the BluRay of John Carter and we watched that. It's the adaptation of Edgar Rice Burrough's first Mars book, A Princess Of Mars, that came earlier this year. Andrew Stanton directed the movie, this is his first live action movie, mostly he's directed animated films for Pixar. You might have heard of Wall-E, Finding Nemo or A Bug's Life. Of course there's a ton of animation in the movie to create all the Barsoomians, their critters, cities, landscapes and flying machines. Lots of it looks pretty cool. The movie follows some of the book and puts John Carter of Earth on the red planet with a magical medallion. At least to John, we know it's some sort of fancy teleportation technology that the Martians use to travel to the earth. When John wakes up on the surface of an unknown planet he thinks he's still on earth. That he's not comes as a rude shock when the green four armed Tharks show up riding huge multi-legged critters. He's captured by the Tharks who are led by Tars Tarkus. John proves himself to be able to stand up to the Martians who are impressed with his special jumping ability. He can also punch something fierce due to the lower Martian gravity. The Tharks are a warrior people who live a harsh violent life in the desert. The rest of the martians are more human like. The two groups are in a "to the death" struggle that will end with the planet eventually stripped of resources if the evil Mark Strong wins. Then the winners will move along to another planet and do the same. John Carter puts an end of that. There's plenty of running about and fighting. Sometimes it lags a bit. The movie runs 132 minutes and that could have some of it trimmed and tightened up. Most of the actors are pretty good ones though I'm not a big fan of the guy who played John Carter. I did like the Tharks and their tough society. I wouldn't last a day there so it's a place better visited in the movies or the books. I should probably dig out those Martian books and read them again. It's been years and years. Same with the Tarzan books. I have a nice good size box with a lot of Edgar Rice Burroughs books packed inside. I wonder where it is and what's in there. Mostly the John Carter movie was fun, I'd watch it again, and I'd might pick one up if I see it cheap. We watched Not Of This Earth from a Roger Corman three pack of films that came out from Shout Factory a couple of years ago. The 1957 science fiction film stars Beverly Garland and Paul Birch. Paul goes to see a doctor for a blood transfusion. Beverly is the nurse there. Paul's has a strange case of evaporating blood. He needs daily transfusions which he gets after taking over mental control of a doctor. Paul offers Beverly a job as his nurse to help with the daily transfusions. She's hesitant but the doctor encourages her to take the job to keep en eye out on Paul. She moves into Paul's house where he lives with his chauffeur played by Jonathan Haze who some might remember as Seymour Krelboyne in The Little Shop Of Horrors. Beverly has a motorcycle cop chasing after her, romantically, and he grows suspicious when he recognizes Jonathan as an ex-con. Paul is a kind of suspicious figure too, wearing his sunglasses all the time, speaking oddly. More odd stuff happens as Paul goes about his mission. He's really an alien who has come to earth to collect blood samples. The people of his planet are suffering from a devastating blood disease and they hope that the human blood will provide them with a cure to save their race. It all goes badly, Paul fails at his mission, dying alone on a strange planet. He doesn't get much sympathy from Beverly who, like me, doesn't approve of aliens coming for any of our bodily fluids. September 29, 2012 at 09:06 AM in Film \| Permalink \| Comments (0) PSY - Gangnam Style Here's my favorite KPOP song. I'm not that hip, it's the only one I know. I did know what KPOP meant and have since reading about Korean Popstar Rain 2-3 years ago. He once beat out Stephen Colbert for some award and he was pretty good in the 2009 movie Ninja Assassin. I like a good pop song and have since I started listening to top 40 radio in the 1960's. I hardly pay attention to what's going on in the music world anymore. Every now and then something passes by and I notice. Gangnam Style is the thing that popped up today. Actually it was last wednesday but I was busy and forgot to mention it. I heard about Gangnam Style over on Retail Hell Underground. The song came out last July and this video had over 303 million views the day of this post. It had 293 million views 2 days before the post. PSY is a popular Korean pop star who's got several albums out. Gangnam is a district in Seoul that's pretty posh. Like Beverly Hills in LA. People there are flush with cash so they can stay totally on the cutting edge of important things, like fashion and hair. They certainly aren't at the top of my list of important things but I just can't afford to be fashionable when there's LEGO to be had. In a quote from an interview PSY says of the area and song: People who are actually from Gangnam never proclaim that they are -- it’s only the posers and wannabes that put on these airs and say that they are "Gangnam Style" -- so this song is actually poking fun at those kinds of people who are trying so hard to be something that they’re not. The song pokes my funny bone something fierce and I like the playful sexy style, the cute girls, and goofy dance moves. I think I like it being written and sung in Korean, all I hear is his voice and the music. I think it creates a whole different perspective on the song, no lyrics to think about, pure sound. Some of my favorite songs are ones with lyrics that litterally disappear into the music. I know there's soemthing being sung but I'm just not focusing on what the lyrics are saying, just the sounds register. Anyway, maybe you'll like it, maybe not. September 28, 2012 at 04:18 PM in Music \| Permalink \| Comments (0) Charlie Chan And The Curse Of The Dragon Queen I found this at the library. I hadn't heard of it until I looked it up on the Wikipedia. It's a 1981 slapstick comedy that sadly isn't very funny. It's directed by Clive Donner who once directed What's New Pussycat?, Vampira, and The Nude Bomb. Not good examples of comedy cinema though WNP? is kind of funny, in a dumb ass way. Earlier in his career he directed some episodes of Danger Man. The story was written by Producer Jerry Sherlock, and lucky for us, this is his only writing credit. Stan Burns and David Axelrod wrote the script. They are mostly tv writers. If you looked them up you would recognize some of the shows they wrote. Much of it was better than this movie. There's a huge cast and some are actors who can do a good job with good material. Peter Ustinov as Charlie Chan, Richard Hatch as his grandson, and Michelle Pfeiffer as Richard's fiance. Richard and Michelle are both knock down, roll on the ground clumsy. Some of their physical gags are better than others. Some are down right lazy and some make the character seem more like an idiot than clumsy. Traditionally Charlie's son is always getting his ass in some sort of trouble, often doing a bit of physical humor along the way. Roddy McDowall plays the wheelchair bound butler, Angie Dickinson plays the Dragon Queen, and Brian Keith is the police chief. They have cartoon characters to play and they got a paycheck. I hope they got paid. The story starts in the past, in a black and white flashback, where Charlie arrests Angie Dickinson and tosses her into prison. It cuts to the present where Charlie's grandson is getting ready to marry Michelle. She's part of a rich family of goofs and oddballs. There is a series of bizarre murders, by the bizarre killer, and Charlie helps Brian Keith figure out who done it. The Dragon Queen resurfaces and they have to bring her down too. There's nothing much but running around. Frantically and pointlessly. There are gobs of sad jokes, heaps of crappy gags and rashers of dumb predictible slapstick. I don't think a joke made me laugh through the whole movie. September 27, 2012 at 09:37 PM in Charlie Chan Films, Film \| Permalink \| Comments (0) Little Lord Fauntleroy in 720p The Internet archive has a nice copy of the 1936 movie Little Lord Fauntleroy. It's got Freddie Bartholomew, C Aubrey Smith and Mickey Rooney. It's a sentimental piece with Freddie as a poor kid who finds out his grandfather is a British Earl. C Aubrey plays the grumpy old Earl. He's a fellow who disowned his son because he married an American. Now the son is dead and Freddie is the ony heir. The mother goes with Freddie to England but the grandfather won't let her live in his house. He's a dick. Freddie works his niceness and turns his grandfather into a nice guy too. That's nice because he was pretty much a dick before. There's a rough period when a lady turns up with a kid who she says is the real heir. That kid is a real dick. Mickey comes to the rescue with proof of the mother's lie. Mickey was cool. It's pretty much a tear jerker with some nice scenes with Freddie. He plays a good stand up kid who knows right from wrong. Not something I normally watch but I was curious. I was happy to watch it. The nice people won the day. The book by Frances Hodgeson Burnett won it's day too. Some lady, mentioned in the Wikipedia article on the book, says that LLF was the Harry Potter of it's day. It was so popular that kids were dressed up in Lord F outfits which were for sale in clothing stores. I don't think I've read the novel but I can't be sure. A lot of what I read as a kid is lost to that fading memory I'm luckily forgetting about. I did read her other pretty famous book, The Secret Garden and I know I've seen the 1949 movie with Dean Stockwell. September 26, 2012 at 10:34 PM in Film \| Permalink \| Comments (0) nanoblock Tintin Series - The Unicorn That's the big set of the series of four Tintin set from nanoblocks. The box says over 3000 pieces. That's a lot and the price is higher accordingly. I've seen it range from $175 to $220 on various sites. The Unicorn is the ship from the Tintin books The Secret Of The Unicorn and Red Rackham's Treasure. Those stories are used for the basis of recent Tintin movie. In the story Tintin finds a nice ship model of The Unicorn. It turns out that a relative of Captain Haddock sailed the ship that model was based on. That model leads to an adventure and treasure. It's how Captain Haddock ends up with Marlinspike Hall. I bet it would be an adventure building that ship, what with it having 3000 tiny little pieces, and sadly I have no Nestor to build it for me. It looks pretty good on the box. Here's a better picture of the ship. Not much to say about it, not something I feet I need. For the price of the set I could get a lot of LEGO, or a bunch of dvds, or some practical shit. I prefer having the picture version of it. The real version of it would take up some bit of space and that's less appealing. September 26, 2012 at 09:26 PM in near LEGO \| Permalink \| Comments (0) I went to see The Magic Christian in the theater. That was back in 1969. I'm pretty sure I didn't read the Terry Southern novel until some years after seeing the film. I seem to remember liking the movie when I saw it. It was loud, colorful, filled with movie stars in odd parts, had a goofy story and lots of great music. I would have liked it's subversive nature. It's a comedy about a rich guy, Peter Sellers, who plays pranks on people. He believes that people will do anything for a bit of cash. The more cash the worse things they will do. The pranks get more elaborate and more excessive. There's a heavy dose of black humor, it's pretty brash and out there, not movie that's going to appeal to the general public. Of course, today it seems kind of tame. Ringo Starr is Peter's newly adopted adult son and protege. I would have gone to the theater because Peter Sellers was in the movie. I was a huge fan of his back in those days and the Beatles were ok too. You can see John Cleese and Graham Chapman in the movie for a brief bit. They also worked on an earlier draft of the script. Peter Sellers, director Joseph McGrath and Terry Southern all had their hands on that script. It's an episodic type movie, the scenes skip from one prank to another, occasionally Peter passes on bits of his collected wisdom to Ringo. It's rather dated. but it's still sort of funny, and it's the only movie that you can see Raquel Welch wielding a whip in the galley of a ship powered by topless women manning oars. It's part of one of Peter's pranks. He makes people think they are on a ship when they are in a warehouse. You might enjoy it, even if you only watch it as an artifact of the time. History is fun, huh. Wallace And Gromit's World Of Invention Here's another disc I picked up at the library. I have a slight interest in Wallace and Gromit. I'm not a big fan and I rarely buy any of their discs. I hadn't even heard of Wallace & Gromit's World Of Invention before I found it in the catalog. It's a 2010 BBC science show that has Wallace introducing short pieces on all sorts of inventions and inventors. Gromit putters around in the background and suffers from his contact with Wallace. Part of my problem with Wallace & Gromit is Wallace, he's kind of a inattentive dumb ass, and I get tired of that kind of character. Each show has a theme, the first has inventions based on nature, the 2nd flight, the 3rd home inventions, the 4th has to do with the senses, the 5th safety and the last transportation. There isn't that much of W & G in each episode, 5-6 minutes. The invention segments were mostly of interest and I'd actually seen some of the stuff featured on other shows or on the internet. I wouldn't bother picking this up but it was entertaining in a low key way. September 24, 2012 at 08:58 PM in Television \| Permalink \| Comments (0) Porterhouse Blue Before there was the 1987 tv adaptation of Porterhouse Blue there was a 1974 Tom Sharpe book. I had become a fan of Sharpe's work in the early 1980s. I was reading a lot of humor and read pretty much all of his books through 1986, I was even getting them from England when they weren't available here int he US. He stopped writing about 1986 and didn't have another book out for 8 years. By then I had moved on and wasn't reading much humor. I haven't bothered to re-read any of his books since those days. I believe I still have a fistful of his books left up in the attic. I'm forgetful of what was purged from the collection. Someday I will find them and maybe they'll get re-read. Maybe not. Porterhouse Blue was adapted in 1987 and I missed it if it played on PBS. I did see another Sharpe book adapted to TV from 1985 called Blott On The Landscape. It played on PBS and I recorded a vhs tape off the broadcast and that later got transfered to dvdr. I haven't watched it for 6 or 7 years. I picked up the dvd of Porterhouse Blue from the library. Acorn Media has a two disc set out in the US. It's on NetFlix, which is where I found it first, but it being at the library allowed me to delete it from my queue. The show is 4 parts that run about 50 minutes each. There's a school in Cambridge called Porterhouse that has a dying Master. He's supposed to pick his successor and he picks Ian Richardson who was a student along time ago. All everyone remember is they didn't like him very much and that he was the son of a butcher. A lot of the characters put a great store in the class system and I'm not talking about schooling. Ian comes to the college with his wife and they turn the place upside down with modern ideas like allowing women students and getting rid of the expensve dining room. Turns out the school is broke and it's biggest cash cow are the rich parents who buy degrees for their troublesome sons. Strictly bad form but the school needs the money for their excessive lifestyle. David Jason plays Skullion, the schools head porter, and he's one to stick to tradition. He's been at the school for 45 years and hope to die there. The excessive traditions of the school must go says the new Master and the fight is on. There are some other plot lines, like one concerning a sexually frustrated student, who's urges lead to him blowing up his room, himself, the cleaning lady who stirred those urges, and the bell tower. It was a slow moving program and not nearly as funny as I remember the novel. It was entertaining enough for the most part but I liked BOTL better. I don't know that I need to watch it again so it's not something that I would plan to purchase. Currently it's 28 bucks on Amazon. That's money I'm saving for some other crap. September 23, 2012 at 08:37 PM in Books, Film \| Permalink \| Comments (0)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line750
__label__wiki	0.749117	0.749117	Movie review: Tomb Raider And welcome to Hollywood’s gazillionth try at making video game movies into a thing. This is Tomb Raider! IMDb summary: Lara Croft, the fiercely independent daughter of a missing adventurer, must push herself beyond her limits when she finds herself on the island where her father disappeared. Tomb Raider was written by Evan Daugherty (of Divergent, The Huntsman, and TMNT), Geneva Robertson-Dworet (according to IMDb, hasn’t written any movies before this one but has 7 announced projects including MCU’s Captain Marvel), and Alastair Siddons (writer of Trespass Against Us – a movie with Michale Fassbender/new Lara Croft’s real-life husband. Fun connection). This film is based on the famous game series (which I have never played) and also acts as the reboot of the previous Lara Croft movie franchise from the early 2000s (which I don’t remember at all but plan on rewatching in April when I have some more free time). The writing for the new Tomb Raider wasn’t bad but it also wasn’t great either. The narrative itself was structured well enough and the story was interesting too. However, all of us have seen this movie before and more than once. We have also previously heard a good portion of the film’s by the numbers dialogue too. The movie started promising. The set-up was interesting and I did like how contemporary it was (Lara being a deliveroo type of food courier). The only part of the set-up that sort of came out of nowhere was the invention of the villain – Trinity organization was mentioned in passing and was never developed more throughout the film. There were a plethora of hints at it in the closing scenes of the picture but whether the sequel will happen for those hints to result in anything substantial is a big question. No one is sure whether we will get to see Lara with her two signature guns either, which she acquired in the last scene of the film (I did like her with bow and arrows a lot, though). Thematically, Tomb Raider toyed with the ideas of history and the supernatural. I did like the historical quest/puzzle element of the film and I do appreciate the fact that they didn’t go the full supernatural route like The Mummy did. In general, the picture was an okay origin story and a good-enough reintroduction of the character but with so many other big franchises currently being produced, I don’t really know whether there is space for Lara Croft. Tomb Raider was directed by a Norwegian director Roar Uthaug and, as far as I can tell, this film was his English language/Hollywood debut. I thought he did a good job realizing the flawed script. The pacing was okay too. I mostly had problems with the tone and the action of the film. The in-camera/on-location action was executed really well and made the movie feel like a tight action film. I especially liked the opening bike chase sequence, the chase on the boats in Hong Kong, and all the hand-to-hand combat in general. However, some other action scenes were really CGI heavy and had so many unbelievable moments that made them laughable. The shipwreck scene was super dark and filmed in a really shaky fashion, while the plane/river sequence just had way too many lucky coincidences. Those over the top, unrealistic action sequences made Tomb Raider feel like a video game movie, which I guess was the point. The final action sequence in the tomb was a mixed bag of good realistic action of an action movie and over the top CGI of a video game movie. I can’t really comprehend why somebody would make a movie lean more towards video game-ness, when the quality and the reaction to all the previous video games was so poor and when that same movie would be so much much better if it went the more classical/grounded action movie route. Alicia Vikander played the lead and was actually really good as Lara Croft. Just the physical shape alone that the actress was able to achieve for this role was incredible, worthy of praise, and a bit inspiring. Made me want to do a couple of more extra crunches at the gym. I have always been impressed with Vikander’s indie/awards’ work (like The Danish Girl for which she won an Oscar and even Tulip Fever – the film was bad but she was good in it) and I was really glad to see her cast in a more mainstream/bigger budget/higher profile film. She has had supporting roles in mainstream films before, like – The Man From U.N.C.L.E. and Jason Bourne, but this is the first time she is headlining a movie of this scale and hopefully, a whole franchise. Still, I do doubt whether this movie will spawn a franchise but I also don’t think that it will damage Vikander’s career in any way if it doesn’t. Walton Goggins (The Hateful Eight) was fine as the typical power hungry and blind-to-everything villain and I think I have seen Goggins in this role before (like in The Death Cure just a month ago). Dominic West (Genius, Money Monster) played the role of an equally delirious man and was okay in it. The writing didn’t make either of these characters sympathetic or understandable in any way, shape or form. Daniel Wu (Geostorm) had a small supporting role in the picture and, while he had some neat moments, his character was also forgotten in the third act. Wu has already starred in one video game movie – Warcraft. Kristin Scott Thomas (Darkest Hour, The Party) appeared too with the promise of a bigger role in the sequel (when and if it happens). In short, Tomb Raider was an entertaining but forgettable film. It didn’t do much for the video game movie genre but didn’t damage it further (if that is even possible) either. Trailer: Tomb Raider March 16, 2018 Lou Tagged action, action film, action movie, actioner, alastair siddons, alicia vikander, angelina jolie, captain marvel, cinema, cinema review, daniel wu, darkest hour, divergent, dominic west, evan daugherty, fenius, film, film festival, film review, film reviews, filming, films, geneva robertson dworet, geostrom, jason bourne, kristin scott thomas, lara croft, lara croft tomb raider, mainstream, marvel, marvel cinematic universe, marvel mcu, mcu, michael fassbender, money monster, motion picture, motion picture review, motion pictures, movie, movie film, movie preview, movie review, movie reviews, movies, roar uthaug, teenage mutant ninja turtles, the danish girl, the death cure, the hateful eight, the huntsman, the huntsman winter's war, the man from u.n.c.l.e., the man from uncle, the maze runner, the party, tmnt, tomb raider, trespass against us, tulip fever, video game, video game film, video game movie, walton goggins, warcraft 3 Comments 3 thoughts on “Movie review: Tomb Raider” Pingback: Movie review: Pacific Rim: Uprising – Geeky Cheeky Always Sneaky Pingback: Movie review: Rampage – Geeky Cheeky Always Sneaky Pingback: Movie review: Ant-Man and the Wasp – Geeky Cheeky Always Sneaky ← Movie review: Love, Simon Movie review: Pacific Rim: Uprising →	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line751
__label__cc	0.66607	0.33393	home again movie 5 ideas about a movie: Home Again Home Again is trying to prove that the rom-com genre is not dead yet. Or is it? IMDb summary: Life for a single mom in Los Angeles takes an unexpected turn when she allows three young guys to move in with her. Home Again is a directorial (and writing) debut of Hallie Meyers-Shyer, the daughter of Nancy Meyers – producer and director of various successful rom-coms (she produced her daughter’s first film too). The fact that it is somebody’s first movie explains a lot about it: Home Again was cliched, predictable, cringe-y at times, and real slow at others and, lastly, mostly consisted of elements and plot-points borrowed from other similar films. And yet, I didn’t hate it. If somebody needs an escapist, ‘no-thinking-required’ type of a film to relieve some stress or quiet one’s mind, I recommend you to see Home Again and experience somebody else’s first world problems instead of your own. The movie tackled three broad ideas: it attempted to be a traditional rom-com, with some sitcom humor, while also being a picture about the film business. Let’s start with that last part, which was, unsurprisingly, my favorite. As a cinephile, I appreciate films which appreciate films. The LA setting, the father director (who looked/came across as pre-Star Wars George Lucas), the aspiring filmmaker characters and their attempt to make a movie were all elements which I adored. The two other concepts/genres weren’t bad either (but, as I’ve said, nothing remotely original too). I liked the sitcom parts best out of the two, especially the silent reaction faces that the characters would exchange (then again, I love real-life humor). The romcom part was fine too. A bit fairytale-ish but we are talking escapism here (at least they left the ‘happy ending’ slightly ambiguous). By far the best detail of the romantic comedy side of Home Again was the reversal of the trope of the age difference between the two genders: the female character was the older one in a relationship (that is still very much a taboo thing – just look at all the news coverage about the fact that France’s president’s wife is older than him). The main thing that made Home Again work was its star – Reese Witherspoon (Sing). She has moved away from romcoms and came back to them constantly throughout her career. This instance of return was somewhat successful. She brought some heart into an otherwise shallow picture and was extremely lovable in her role, despite how cliche it was (I mean, are there any other occupations for mothers besides interior design ???). The film’s supporting cast wasn’t bad either and their performances were fine (again, appropriate for the picture). Nat Wolff (the most well-known out of the three co-leads because of TFIOS, Paper Towns, and Death Note), SNL alumni Jon Rudnitsky and quite an unknown actor Pico Alexander (who has the potential to be the next teen heartthrob) were all fun to watch. For some reason, Michael Sheen (Far From The Madding Crowd, Passengers, Nocturnal Animals) and TV royalty Candice Bergen also appeared in the movie (‘paycheck gigs pay the bills!’). In short, Home Again is a perfectly serviceable rom-com that you have seen before. It’s a great rental/TV-rerun: a good background movie or a laundry/cooking movie. If you want a more modern take on the genre, check out The Big Sick. Trailer: Home Again trailer October 1, 2017 October 1, 2017 Lou Tagged candice bergen, cinema, cinema review, comedy movie, death note, far from the madding crowd, film, film review, film reviews, filming, films, gno, gone girl, home again, home again film, home again movie, home again review, jon rudnitsky, la, legally blonde, mainstream, michael sheen, motion picture, motion picture review, motion pictures, movie, movie film, movie preview, movie review, movie reviews, movies, nat wolff, nocturnal animals, paper towns, passengers, pico alexander, poster, reese witherspoon, review, rom-com, romance, romantic comedy, romantic drama, romcom, sitcom, tfios, the fault in our stars, trailer, wild 3 Comments	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line752
__label__wiki	0.606483	0.606483	tony gilroy Movie review: The Great Wall Welcome to a review of the movie that is either groundbreaking or just a continuation of the oldest Holywood tradition. It’s The Great Wall! IMDb summary: European mercenaries searching for black powder become embroiled in the defense of the Great Wall of China against a horde of monstrous creatures. My introductory point about this film possibly being groundbreaking has to do with the circumstances of its creation. The Great Wall is the first major co-production between US and China (Kung Fu Panda 3 was also a co-production and came before this movie, but it was an animated project rather than a live-action one). And yet, this movie has also been accused of whitewashing – the old trend for Hollywood, which only recently started receiving some backlash. So, can this film be a start of something new or is just the same old thing? The picture’s script was written by Carlo Bernard and Doug Miro (writers of the Prince of Persia movie), and Tony Gilroy (writer of the first 4 Bourne films and Rogue One). The combined previous filmography of these screenwriters is of mixed quality and the writing for The Great Wall is also kinda mixed, mostly leaning towards mediocre. To begin with, the whole decision to have a white lead was not explained that well during the runtime of the picture. It made sense to have a white lead and a supporting cast, full of Chinese actors, from the business standpoint, but it didn’t make much sense story-wise. The film, at least, stated that Matt Damon was not supposed to be playing a Chinese character but a European explorer, who is looking for gunpowder, so Damon’s casting cannot necessarily be called whitewashing. However, the decision to focus on a European hero, who saves China, brought up the whole ‘white savior’ debate. The fact the character’s arc begun with him wanting to steal the gunpowder didn’t paint the best picture either. Is the film, then, only reaffirming colonial thinking or is trying to tell a historical story accurately? In short, I, personally, didn’t think that the picture gave a good enough explanation for having a European lead (played by an American) in a foreign setting. Even the film The Last Samurai came up with a better reason. Speaking about the other aspects of the writing – I did enjoy quite a few of them. I liked the world-building and the mythology that the film was inspired by. I loved the idea to have a variety of specialized parts of the army. I liked that the lead character was written as an archer, because of my personal fondness of archery. I appreciated the fact that two languages were used in the film – it made the movie seem more as a co-production in contrast to it appearing as if Hollywood just hijacked another foreign story. I also loved that so many female warrior characters were written into the story. I don’t actually know if that is historically accurate, but I didn’t care much, in the moment of watching the movie. The picture’s attempt to have an underlying important theme – the opposition between paid participation and the true loyalty – was also commendable. While this debate wasn’t really treated as fully as it should have been, I like the fact that the film at least tried to be something more than it ended up to as. And that final something is the fact that the film’s story was just kinda meh. The narrative was simple and straightforward – nothing one hasn’t seen before. It had two obvious plotlines – the first about fighting the monster and the other about stealing the gunpowder – which converged in the end. The main character’s change of heart during the finale was predictable and cliche. Basically, for a movie that did something very different with its financing and production, The Great Wall should have also done something new and interesting with its story. The Great Wall was directed by Zhang Yimou. The majority of his films act as Chinese submissions for the Academy Awards in the Best Foreign Language category, so he is an accomplished director. His direction for this movie was quite nice too and I do think he did the best he could with the given material. The action scenes looked cool and I liked the massive scope of them. The film had some impressive long takes too. The historical setting, as well as the different sections of the army, were also realized well enough. Plus, the design of the monsters was varied and quite interestng (they kinda reminded me of the zombies from World War Z because of their movement and the sounds they emitted). However, the CGI definitely could have been more photorealistic, especially in this day and age. My favorite action sequence was the first battle, mostly because it was reminiscent of the final battle from The Lord Of The Rings: The Two Towers, although not as good. I also really liked the smaller corrida-type (Spanish bull-fighting) fight scene, in which Pedro Pascal’s character was luring the monster and Matt Damon’s character was trying to shoot it with an arrow. I also loved that the battle scenes had a diegetic beat – the drumming within a story provided a rhythm for both the characters, who were fighting, and the viewers, who were just enjoying the soundtrack. Lastly, the scene with the Chinese lanterns also looked lovely but, as weird as this sounds, it didn’t felt unique. These lanterns are now used all over the world for various celebrations (or in movies, like Tangled), so their usage in an actual Chinese setting didn’t seem as unique as it should have. Matt Damon played the lead and did as good a job as he could have. Honestly, he has never been my first choice for a historical movie but he did make the role work. Even with all the whitewashing backlash, Damon will be fine, as his career has been going great. While his return to the role of Jason Bourne wasn’t as positive as it could have been, his work on The Martian is still on everyone’s minds. Besides, in addition to acting, Damon’s producing work has been going great, as the film he recently produced – Manchester by the Sea – is a big awards nominee this season. Pedro Pascal played a supporting role and brought a tiny bit of a different kind of diversity into the picture. Pascal impressed everyone on a single season of Game of Thrones and I am kinda surprised that his work on GOT didn’t lead to more roles for him. Nevertheless, I really liked his The Great Wall’s character’s sass – it pleasantly reminded me of Oberyn. Willem Dafoe also appeared in the movie and didn’t have much to do, while the Chinese part of the cast delivered great performances. Jing Tian was amazing as the female lead, while Andy Lau and Zhang Hanyu did a good enough job with what they were given as well. I really wish that I knew more about these actors and their previous filmography. In brief, The Great Wall was a film, whose behind the scenes story was more interesting than its on-screen plot. While it might have broken grounds from the business standpoint, it was nothing more than average from the creative one. Rate: 3/5 Trailer: The Great Wall trailer February 22, 2017 Lou Tagged academy awards, action, archery, bourne films, carlo bernard, cgi, china, chinese actors, cinema, cinema review, cinematography, corrida, directing, doug miro, downsizing, effects, film, film review, film reviews, filming, films, game of thrones, historical movie, history, hollywood, interstellar, jason bourne, manchester by the sea, matt damon, motion picture, motion picture review, motion pictures, movie, movie film, movie preview, movie review, movie reviews, movies, oberyn, oberyn martel, oberyn martell, pedro pascal, prince of persian, the bourne identity, the bourne legacy, the bourne supremacy, the bourne ultimatum, the great wall, the lord of the rings, the martian, tony gilroy, two towers, us, war, white savior, whitewashing, zhang yimou 10 Comments Movie review: Rogue One: A Star Wars Story Do I even need to introduce this movie?! ‘It’s Rogue…Rogue One‘. Let’s review it! IMDb summary: The Rebellion makes a risky move to steal the plans for the Death Star, setting up the epic saga to follow. Before we start, if you are interested, this is my The Force Awakens review from last year and this is my more personal post regarding Star Wars. Also, I should probably give you a Spoiler warning, although, if you have seen the original trilogy, you know what was/is the end game for the characters of this story. Even though the hype for Rogue One was much smaller than for The Force Awakens, I was still excited for it. So, let’s get the short version of the judgment out of the way first: Rogue One is not only the best Star Wars prequel but also might be my favorite movie of this year. It also makes me rethink the top spots on my personal Star Wars preference list. Rogue One’s script was written by a duo of screenwriters: Chris Weitz and Tony Gilroy. Weitz has mostly worked on comedies and YA adaptations, like The Golden Compass and the Twilight franchise. He also wrote last year’s Cinderella. Gilroy wrote the majority of the Bourne films, Armageddon, and the critically acclaimed Michael Clayton. Judging Rogue’s One’s narrative, in relation to the scriptwriters’ previous work, I think that this film had the best writing I have seen from both of them. I immensely enjoyed the story of the film: the plot was cohesive and clear and yet the narrative was complex. All of the 3 acts blended seamlessly – the movie never slowed down. It had the perfect mixture of action and quieter character moments. The picture was also suspenseful and exciting, it compelled me both emotionally and intellectually. I loved the lines about how rebellions are built on hope and the one about taking all the chances. I also adored the world building: the screenwriters respected the canon but also expanded it. Rogue One begun as a story of Jyn Erso, but it soon blossomed into a more of an ensemble based movie. I believe that all the characters received a chance to shine and that their presence in the film was more than justified. I also appreciated the fact that the rebel characters were not portrayed as pure heroes but as realistic individuals, who have been through a lot and sometimes had to make the tough decisions, which were not always good. The fact that the alliance was presented as divisive also added more intrigue and realism into the story. Lastly, as we all predicted, the main rebel characters of the film all died. They were basically the real Suicide Squad of this year. The characters were really well developed through small and seemingly unimportant interactions in just one movie that their passing was quite emotional. I was invested in their lives and in their story and I’m quite sad that we only got to spent a few hours with them. All of them were unique and interesting in their own way and I don’t actually think that I can name another recent film with such rich (with potential) characters. Godzilla’s director Gareth Edwards helmed Rogue One and did not disappoint. I loved the scope of the film and all the exciting action in space. I also enjoyed the fact that this film visually looked like a Star Wars movie but had its own unique setting and locations – the fight on the beach and in the water was so cool. I also liked the fact that this movie was grittier and more sophisticated than the other recent fantasy films. The grit was appropriate, effective, and well balanced with funny moments (not like in BvS). The way the new characters were realized visually was super cool too: Ben Mendelsohn’s Krennic’s white cape was impeccable, Donnie Yen’s character’s look was amazing and Forest Whitaker’s Gerrera‘s appearance added so much to the character. The film also had a few familiar faces popping up in cameos and small roles. At first, I thought that the inclusion of Darth Vader was not necessary as he did not have much to do. However, a couple of scenes with him at the end were so amazing that they made me change my mind. Grand Moff Tarkin also appeared with the help of CGI. The effects looked okay but I, since I knew that the original actor who portrayed the character sadly passed away 20 years ago, I instantly noticed the computer imagery. Leia also cameoed in the film and I think that her CGI face looked better, maybe because we only saw it for a couple of seconds. Lastly, the new droid K-2SO was a really nice addition too. He finally seemed like a fully rounded up character, because all the previous droids would mostly have one purpose. C-3PO is mostly in the films to be an annoying comedic relief, while BB-8’s main job is to be cute. R2-D2 is probably the one who is closest to being a full character, but since the audience can’t understand its speech, it is quite hard to connect with him. K-2SO, on the other hand, seemed like a real person with a distinct personality and yet he was still efficient as a droid. Michael Giacchino scored the film but my favorite aural parts of the film were, of course, the original soundtrack and the empire’s theme. Hearing that music didn’t make me as emotional as it did last year when The Force Awakens came out, though. Last December, I could not believe that I got to see a Star Wars movie in the cinema. This time around I was just enjoying the experience of watching the film, without paying much attention to the brand under which it was made. Felicity Jones as Jyn Erso was fabulous. I wasn’t entirely sure how she will do in an action film but she blew me away. She was likable and inspiring but still had the level of darkness inside. I loved Jones’s and Luna’s chemistry and all their scenes together as well. Diego Luna as Cassian Andor. Andor was my favorite character of the film, and Luna’s performance – my favorite performance of the whole cast. He was just so compelling and intriguing. Would love to read a book or a comic with his character’s background. I absolutely loved how damaged and tortured he was inside, but how he still managed to make the right choice. Cassian Andor as character reminded me a bit of Poe Dameron too. I wonder if I’m the only one who saw the resemblance. Ben Mendelsohn as Orson Krennic was superb. Not only his appearance was cool, but his behavior as the nonchalant bad-ass villain was amazing as well. His whiny brat moments also added a lot of vulnerability to the character. Donnie Yen as Chirrut Îmwe was so amazing. I loved that we got to see the force from a different perspective though his character and I also loved his action scenes. Yen’s back and forth scenes with Wen Jiang’s character Baze Malbus were fun too. Mads Mikkelsen played Galen Erso and was really good. I liked him in this film way more than in Doctor Strange. I just think that he got to show more of his dramatic acting skills in this film. Riz Ahmed as Bodhi Rook was also a marvelous addition to the cast. I loved his character’s arc and the transition. Forest Whitaker as Saw Gerrera was spectacular too. His look and behavior were interesting both visually and from the narrative standpoint. Alan Tudyk as K-2SO. Tudyk did a magnificent job with the motion capture as well as with his voice work: he made K-2SO’s dry sense of humor immensely entertaining. In short, Rogue One: A Star Wars Story was/is another strong addition to the brand. The story was engaging, the characters unique and original, and the space action – spectacular as usual. Trailer: Rogue One trailer December 16, 2016 February 19, 2017 Lou Tagged a new hope, action movie, allaince, baze malbus, bb8, ben mendelsohn, bodhi rook, c3po, cassian andor, cinderella, cinema, cinema review, competition, darth vader, diego luna, directing, director, doctor strange, donnie yen, droid, fantasy, felicity jones, film, film review, film reviews, filming, films, force, forest whitaker, galen erso, godzilla, grand moff tarkin, han solo, jyn erso, k2s0, krennic, leia organa, luke skywalker, mads mikkelsen, motion picture, motion picture review, motion pictures, movie, movie film, movie preview, movie review, movie reviews, movies, prequels, producing, r2d2, rebles, return of the jedi, riz ahmed, rogue one, rogue one a star wars story, rogue one star wars, saw gerrera, sci-fi, space, star wars, star wars rogue one, star wars the force awakens, the empire, the empire strikes back, the force, the force awakens, the golden compass, tony gilroy, twillight, wen jiang, writing 14 Comments	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line753
__label__wiki	0.546789	0.546789	Census Tracts: Santa Cruz County, California, 2000 Garcia, Paul and Price, Matt This polygon shapefile depicts Census tracts as of 2000 for the County of Santa Cruz, California. Census Tract and Block numbers can be linked to Population and Housing information collected by the United States Census each decade. Population information available includes: sex, race, age, ethnic background, income, education, language spoken at home, employment and more. Housing information includes: number of units and rooms in structure, ownership, home value, rent, source of water, condominium, year built and more. Census Tracts are identified by a 4 digit basic number and may have a 2 digit suffix. For example, 6059.02. Census Tract numbers range from 0001 through 9499.99 and are unique within a county (numbers in the range of 9501 through 9989.99 denote a Block numbering area). Census Tracts represent the smallest territorial unit for which population data are available in many countries. In the United States, Census Tracts are subdivided into Block Groups and Census Blocks. This layer is part of a collection of GIS data created for Santa Cruz County, California.The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Unit falls under the purview of the County of Santa Cruz Information Services Department. The GIS Unit serves all County departments and external customers and provides data on land, features and people of Santa Cruz County. Santa Cruz County encompasses 4 cities and approximately 265,000 people. This coverage can be used for basic applications such as viewing, querying and map output production, or to provide a basemap to support graphical overlays and analyses of geospatial data. County of Santa Cruz Information Services Department Santa Cruz County (Calif.) Administrative and political divisions, Census districts, Boundaries, and Society http://purl.stanford.edu/kq582fy8743	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line754
__label__wiki	0.529456	0.529456	About CNE CNE Faculty Fiscal Issues Support CNE CNE – Centro Para Una Nueva Economía – Center for a New Economy Non-profit, economic research and policy development organization Home > Events > Past Event > Is a Federal Fiscal Control Board the Only Option for Puerto Rico? – Keynote: Andrés Velasco Is a Federal Fiscal Control Board the Only Option for Puerto Rico? – Keynote: Andrés Velasco Click on the link below to watch Andrés Velasco’s keynote in the Center for a New Economy’s forum “Is a Federal Fiscal Control Board the Only Option for Puerto Rico?”. The event took place on March 2, 2016 at the National Press Club of Washington D.C. Scroll below to download the slides from Mr. Velasco’s presentation and to read a brief biography. Download Andrés Velasco’s presentation slides: Andrés Velasco Professor, Professional Practice in International Development Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs, New York City Velasco is a former presidential candidate and Finance Minister of Chile, and was also part of the team that negotiated Chile’s commercial agreements with Mexico, Canada and the United Sates. He has taught Development and International Finance at Harvard University, was Director of the Center for Latin American Studies of New York University, and has published over 100 articles and four books on international economics and development. Velasco holds a Ph.D. in Economics from Columbia University and a Post-Doctoral Degree in Political Economy in Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. See what's happening at CNE today. View Events + This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 License. Please see the terms and conditions before sharing.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line768
__label__wiki	0.964927	0.964927	All You Need to Know About the French Open Updated on April 1, 2019 John Bullock John is a fervent writer, gamer, and guitar lover. Former automatic-transmission repairer, current welder and hobbyist game developer. The Philippe Chatrier court at Roland Garros—the main court where the higher profile matches are played. \| Source The French Open—also referred to as simply “Roland Garros”—is the second Grand Slam tennis event to take place during the tennis calendar year. The event happens in Paris, France, and is the only Grand Slam event to be played on a clay court. This article contains some useful information in easy-to-swallow chunks that can convert you from a tennis-knowledge novice to a French Open aficionado in no time. Now, let’s get into France's premier clay-court tennis event. What Is Roland Garros? A quick overview of France's clay court major. All the Slams Each of the four Grand Slams takes place on a different surface and in a different location, giving each a unique feel that sets it apart from the others. The Australian Open (Hard Court) The French Open (Clay Court) Wimbledon (Grass Court) The US Open (Hard Court) Roland Garros is one of four tennis tournaments that are referred to as Grand Slams (formerly Majors). These four Grand Slams are considered the pinnacle of the professional tennis world, with relatively few players being able to boast a Grand Slam title on their resume. The status of these tournaments is reflected in the prize money and ranking points awarded. The 2,000 points granted to the winner of the French Open is double that of the biggest non-Grand Slam events in the regular tour (not counting the World Tour Finals). Of the four Grand Slams, Roland Garros is the only slam to be played on clay, a significant factor as the playing surface is dramatically different when compared to hard and grass courts. This has led to a situation where players can be dominant in the other three slams, yet miss out on the French Open. This has been the case twice in recent times, with Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic going through periods where they seem almost unstoppable on hard and grass courts, yet only managing a single win at Roland Garros. Conversely, players like Rafael Nadal have far more success at the French Open than the other Slams. The French Open’s alternative name, “Roland Garros” stems from the name of the stadium in which the tournament takes place. That stadium, in turn, is named after French World War I pilot, Roland Garros. The official names of the tournament in its native French are "Internationaux de France de Tennis" and "Tournoi de Roland-Garros". The French Open takes place at the end of May through to early June and marks the end of the “clay court season”; a period during which a number of European clay court tournaments are held. Clay is a much slower playing surface than the alternatives, a factor that leads to generally longer matches and more physically intense battles. That added to the best of five sets nature of Grand Slams (regular tournaments are best of three) makes the French Open potentially the most physically gruelling tournament on the tour. It also lends itself to certain styles of play more, with baseline rallies and drop shots being more prevalent than in non-clay court tournaments. The History of the French Open A tale of two tournaments; how Roland Garros came to be. The French Championships were played at different locations throughout its run. Île de Puteaux, Puteaux The Racing Club de France, Bois de Boulogne, Paris Société Athlétique de la Villa Primrose, Bordeaux Tennis Club de Paris, Auteuil, Paris The World Hard Court Championships mostly took place at the Stade Français in Saint-Cloud, with the exception of 1922 when the tournament was held in Brussels, Belgium. The French Open is unique among the Grand Slams in that it has origins in two different tournaments. The first was known (in English) as the French Championships, first taking place in 1891 and only open to members of certain French clubs. Unlike the other Grand Slams, it wouldn’t be long before women’s singles competition was added to the tournament, an addition that came about in 1897. The tournament remained open only to French club members until 1924. Another tournament that is widely considered a precursor to the modern French Open, however, is the World Hard Court Championships. Unlike the French Championships, this tournament was open to international competitors. It was held sporadically throughout the early 1900s, interrupted by World War I and the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris. In 1925, the French Championships opened up to international amateur tennis players and was granted status as a major tennis championship. In addition to these changes, it also moved to the previous home of the World Hard Court Championships. In 1928, the French Open would move again to the newly opened Roland Garros stadium, where it has remained since. In 1968, the tournament became the first major to allow professional tennis players to enter, thus ushering in the start of the Open Era of tennis. This is also the year where it became known as the French Open. French Open Trivia Fun facts and interesting titbits. World War II Doesn't Count During World II, the French Open still took place between 1941 and 1945, however, these tournaments are not officially recognised by the French governing body of tennis. Shuffle the Deck In 1946 and 1947, the tournament was moved so that it took place after Wimbledon rather than before it. This meant that, briefly, the French Open was the third major of the year rather than the second. Going Pro From 1930 the “French Pro” tournament was held alongside the French Championships. Unlike the amateur-only French Championships, however, the French Pro allowed professional players to enter. This tournament came to an end in 1968 when the French Championships became open. In that year, both a French Pro and a French Open tournament was held. Both tournaments ended in all-Australian finals, with Ken Rosewall winning the French Open, and Rod Laver taking the French Pro. Ken Rosewall won the first Open Era French Open tournament, while fellow Australian, Rod Laver, won the last French Pro tournament. \| Source Let's Take This Inside In 1953, the French Pro tournament was played on an indoor wooden court, though it is unclear whether or not this tournament is counted as an official French Pro. Australian Domination During the 1960s, Australian players dominated the clay courts of France in both the pro and amateur brackets. Australian players took all eight French Pro titles that took place between 1960 and the final tournament in 1968, as well as seven out of ten French Championships/French Open titles. Such was the Australian’s command of the French majors that of the aforementioned matches, six French Pro and five French Championship/French Open finals featured all-Australian finalists. The King of Clay “Greatest of all Time” contender, Rafael Nadal, holds the current record for most French Open titles. Between 2005 and 2014, Nadal has taken the title an astounding nine times. In 2009 the title was taken by Roger Federer, and in 2015 it was won by Stan Wawrinka, meaning that between 2005 and 2014, only Swiss players were able to get a look in on Nadal’s dominance. Rafael Nadal, seen here after winning the 2006 French Open tournament, has won the tournament a record nine times, including an Open Era record of five consecutive titles. \| Source Youthful Energy The youngest player to win the men’s singles was Michael Chang at the tender age of 17 years and 3 months. On the women’s side, Monica Seles took the title at an even younger 16 years and 6 months! The dramatic differences in playing style that the clay courts of the French Open favour have led to many great players failing to win the coveted Slam. Players such as John McEnroe, Venus Williams, Stefan Edberg, and Jimmy Connors have all won multiple Grand Slams but not managed to take home the French. Most notable, however, is Pete Sampras. A strong contender in “Greatest of all Times” discussions, Sampras held the former record for most Grand Slam titles (14) but was never able to capture the French Open. © 2016 John Bullock The Top Ten Best Golfers of All Time by Chris Price0 The Top 10 Greatest Women's Tennis Players of All Time by Bill De Giulio276 All You Need to Know About the US Open Tennis Championships by John Bullock1 Tennis' "Big Four" All You Need to Know About the Wimbledon Tennis Championships Top 10 Greatest Men's Tennis Players of All Time Get Tickets for Wimbledon Tennis 2019: How to Enter the Ballot for 2020 by Beth Eaglescliffe2 The 3 Best Tennis Rackets for Under $100 by Paul Goodman2 CJ Kelly 2 years ago from Auburn, WA The French is my favorite of the Grand Slams. Really get your money's worth. Diverse group of players. Long points. Beautiful setting. Sharing.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line773
__label__cc	0.53412	0.46588	Meet the First Cannabusiness to Be Accepted into J&J’s Innovation Lab Javier Hasse As a cannabis company, Avicanna did not know what the outcome would be when applying to be part of JLABS @ Toronto. Yet, they were decided to make it, CEO Aras Azadian and LATAM VP Lucas Nosiglia told Benzinga in a recent interview. A few things became clear early on in our chat. First, these guys know about entrepreneurship and overcoming adversity; this is not their first (nor second) successful venture. Second, they understand the value of what CanopyBoulder’s Micah Tapman recently defined as “authentic relationships” for success. Third, one can accomplish big things with relatively little money. The story of how Avicanna was accepted into JLABS @ Toronto starts with Azadian and Dr. Justin Grant, PhD, MBA, a member of the former’s Scientific Advisory Board and the research program manager of the STTARR Innovation Centre with Princess Margaret Cancer Centre at the University Health Network, the largest cancer center in Canada. The idea of approaching JLABS @ Toronto popped up during a conversation between the two; although it seemed like a long shot, they went for it. They really trusted their vision. As background, Johnson & Johnson Innovation, JLABS @ Toronto is a 40,000 square-foot life science innovation center located in MaRS Discovery District. The labs provide a flexible environment for start-up companies pursuing new technologies and research platforms to advance medical care. Through a “no strings attached” model, Johnson & Johnson Innovation does not take an equity stake in the companies occupying JLABS, and the companies are free to develop products—either on their own, or by initiating a separate external partnership with Johnson & Johnson Innovation or any other company. “Our first approach with them was very positive,” Azadian told Benzinga. “However, we knew they had never accepted any cannabinoid companies before.” Azadian and his team explained that Avicanna is not just a cannabinoid company, but instead, a biotech company involved in the cannabis space—we’ll go into the products and intellectual property later in this article. Apparently, the pitch was pretty convincing, because the company made it to the first phase of interviews. “They understood the business; they understood the approach; they understood the leveraging of different regulatory frameworks in the U.S. and Canada…” All of this got them into another interview stage and, eventually, after several filtering instances, Avicanna was accepted to be part of JLABS @ Toronto. “There are now currently a few cannabis-related companies incubating at our JLABS @ Toronto site, including Avicanna, which is focused on innovative approaches and technologies in the medical cannabis sector. Avicanna was selected into JLABS based on meeting the established criteria to join which includes demonstrating compelling and credible science or technology and addressing a significant medical or market need,” stated Rebecca Yu, head of JLABS Canada. “While selection into JLABS does not infer any special interests or rights in the companies, our no-strings-attached model offers entrepreneurial companies and technologies the ability to access a network of resources to help reach their potential, and we’re excited to see what lies ahead for Avicanna and our other JLABS resident companies.” Before moving on, it’s time to properly introduce Avicanna and what they do. Coming from a biotech background, Azadian had not only an understanding of the industry, but also what he’s called an “incredible network.” So, he decided to leverage these assets and create a biotech company that was focused on cannabinoids and cannabinoid delivery mechanisms. “What we noticed was, there is a lot of sophistication with respect to cultivation in Canada. However, due to the legal landscape, there are limitations with respect to what licensed producers can do for R&D,” he explained. “With respect to the American landscape, even though (in specific states) producers can make the products and retail them in the medicinal and/or recreational markets, there are limitations with what the federal government and the FDA will allow to be done clinically. “There are gaps in the medical cannabis industries of the two countries that are, in my opinion, spearheading the evolution of the cannabis industry,” he added. “So, we decided to leverage off of those gaps and be a multinational company that has the R&D, the product development, clinical development capabilities, which is only enhanced by our ability—collaborate with the top medical institutions in Canada.” One of the early steps was a strategic partnership with Scientus Pharma, a licensed dealer that allows Avicanna to address these gaps, to manufacture and clinically develop its product line. Soon after, Avicanna began developing its intellectual property for a range of transdermal delivery mechanisms including several versions of patches and creams, all with natural cannabinoids as its active ingredient. The first-generation products are now available for export and are entering the South American and European markets in late 2017 under the Pura Elements brand. Additionally, the Avicanna team is working toward approvals in their home base of Canada and expects to make its first entrance in the U.S. market by early 2018. Photo Courtesy of Avicanna “We are now in the clinical development phase,” Azadian continued, pointing out the company is currently conducting animal trials to understand the actual bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the range of products that have been developed. “We are conducting a spectrum of studies including safety, toxicology, and bioavailability to better understand each particular product and help design our generation two ailment-specific products in the future.” This is a double-sided effort. On the one hand, Avicanna wants to prove the medical effectiveness of its products. On the other hand, they want to enhance them through diverse collaborations with scientists, research facilities and institutions. Ultimately, the idea is to develop different products, with diverse cannabinoid and release profiles, aimed at specific ailments. Intrigued by how Avicanna’s patches, creams and tinctures work, Benzinga asked for an explanation. How long do they take to act? Do they get you high or stoned? “The transdermal technology is an effective delivery mechanism as it avoids the first pass metabolism while avoiding smoking. Because of its slow release, the patient is avoiding an extreme surge of cannabinoids,” Azadian answered. “I personally have used the patches. I found with the THC in our 30 mg patch had minimal psychoactive effect, which was incredible because I had medical relief.” A very important element to Avicanna’s business model and plan is international presence: they want to be early entrants in multiple nascent medical marijuana markets like Colombia, Switzerland, Germany, Spain, Chile, Brazil and Argentina. “Since we first started with the venture, we’ve been noticing that companies, especially in Canada, are aiming at creating economies of scale for production, to prepare for the legalization of the recreational markets in 2018,” Lucas Nosiglia, who’s in charge of LATAM expansion, said. “Our model is lean and capex-low as we focus on strategic partnerships. We’ve managed to operate with our initial capital of C$1.6 million ($1.26 million) so far, leveraging our international networks to expand our footprint worldwide.” So, what Nosiglia is working on right now is establishing the foundations to get into new markets as they roll out countrywide regulations beyond compassionate-use and exceptions in markets such as Argentina. Additionally, Avicanna has established a partnership in Colombia, which should allow them to cultivate and manufacture at a significant discount for local distribution and export. “We decided to only raise what we needed and only tapped 40 strategic shareholders. The majority of them are investment bankers that are heavily invested in the industry or strategic investors, including ourselves—all of the founding partners have put in money as well. That was the first round,” Azadian concluded. “As we continue to progress and meet milestones, we will be visiting future financing opportunities.” Related Topics:CanandacannabinoidscannatechtechTechnologytransdermal THCV: Enhance Your High and Lose Weight CBG & THCV—The Next Big Cannabinoids Scientists Are Trying to Breed Cannabis Plants With Consistent Cannabinoid Levels This App is a Game Changer for Networking A New Fingerprint Drug Testing System Can Detect With 99 Percent Accuracy	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line778
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__label__wiki	0.736519	0.736519	Indian Journal of Medical Ethics IJME FMES FMES Brochure NBC 1 Submit/ Review Subscribe/ Support Submit/Review Announcements Citizenship, Governance and Accountability in Health – Join the COPASAH Conclave of Global Health Accountability and Human Rights Advocates: October 15-18, 2019 New Delhi, India \| Open Letter: Stop the war on Syria’s hospitals Home > Vol 1, No 3 (NS) (2016) > Wilson The New England Journal of Medicine: commercial conflict of interest and revisiting the Vioxx scandal DOI: https://doi.org/10.20529/IJME.2016.046 Published online: June 15, 2016 At a recent cardiology conference in New Delhi, the cardiologist Deepak Natarajan raised the concern that commercial conflicts of interest (COIs) were corrupting medical journals (1). Natarajan cited “manipulated” publications in The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) as one example to support his view. His comments were met with silence and an air of indignation. Natarajan’s medical colleagues were stunned, disbelieving, and then, angry. Their response stemmed in part from the NEJM’s reputation as the premier medical journal in the world. The NEJM has the highest impact of any medical journal and physicians tend to see the NEJM – to use Natarajan’s words – as “the holy grail of publishing” (1). Physicians wear their NEJM publications as a badge of prestige given the journal’s reputation and influence. But as Natarajan noted, so do research sponsors who compete to have their research studies published in the NEJM to influence prescribing habits of physicians and increase drug market share. Journals can profit handsomely from research sponsors buying reprints of their studies to distribute to physicians. And the NEJM does not make public what it earns from reprints. There was a curious omission in Natarajan’s narrative. There was no reference to a notorious research scandal underpinned by commercial conflicts that involved the NEJM – the Vioxx scandal. Had Natarajan discussed the Vioxx scandal he might have overturned some of his colleagues’ disbelief that the NEJM could publish tainted data and profit from it. The Vioxx scandal also raised concerns about commercial COI that went beyond the NEJM. It involved other gatekeepers that oversee the integrity of medical data and public interest. Vioxx symbolised what ailed a healthcare and regulatory system that had institutionalised and normalised commercial COIs and downplayed their potential negative impact on the public. Natarajan’s concerns about commercial COI and his colleagues’ response afford an opportunity to review salient historical features of the issue of commercial COI and the Vioxx scandal. The NEJM had a legacy of leadership on COI. It brought the issue to critical attention in medicine and had a stringent commercial COI policy that other leading journals resisted. And yet the NEJM was involved in one of the most highly profiled research scandals underpinned by commercial COI in regulatory history. This paper addresses the Vioxx gap in Natarajan’s narrative in order to better gauge his concerns for an Indian audience. Stepping into forbidden territory The issue of commercial COI gained increasing attention in the early 1980s. This occurred alongside a shift in government policies towards a neo-liberal political economy which stressed de-regulation, privatisation of public institutions and relying on the marketplace to solve public policy issues. Through legislation, the government cultivated a greater entrepreneurial culture in medicine and forged commercial relations between the research community and industry (2). The result was a highly commercialised research and healthcare terrain where financial conflicts became tightly interwoven into the social and regulatory fabric of medicine. Against this backdrop, the NEJM required authors to disclose financial ties to industry in 1984 (3). It was the first premier journal to do so and other journals soon followed suit. In 1990 the NEJM revised its COI policy in response to growing concerns over the commercialisation of medicine. The revised policy prohibited authors of editorials and review articles from having any financial interests with a company that could benefit from a drug or medical device discussed in the article (4). The zero-tolerance policy for editorials and review articles was intended to better ensure the independent interpretation of medical information that can influence prescribing practices of physicians and in turn affect patients’ health and safety. The policy was not received enthusiastically by the medical community. None of the other general American medical journals adopted it and it was suggested that the zero tolerance policy questioned the integrity of physicians (5). The NEJM had hit a nerve in the medical community. But its editors held their governance ground. In 1993 the journal published a paper by Thompson that examined the character of COI and clarified the rationale behind the policy to prohibit commercial conflicts (6). Thompson defined COI as a set of conditions “in which professional judgements concerning a primary interest (such as a patient’s welfare or the validity of research) tends to be unduly influenced by a secondary interest (such as financial gain)” (6). He stressed that COI was a condition – not a behaviour or occurrence. It was a set of circumstances that increase the risk of a bias influencing a judgement. Determining whether factors such as ambition, the pursuit of fame and financial gain had biased a judgement was challenging. Motives are not always clear to either the conflicted party or to an outside observer. Biases stemming from a COI can operate unconsciously. As a result, individuals in a conflicted circumstance were not in a position to know through self-assessment whether their judgement was biased or not. Thompson’s view of COI reinforced the view that transparency – the most prescribed remedy to COI in medicine – was a necessary but insufficient tool to combat bias. Disclosing a COI drew attention to a potential source of bias. But it did not indicate what to do or how to proceed once a COI was disclosed. Nor did it indicate that a bias was necessarily present. One simply did not know. While factors that can bias a judgement could be hard to manage, commercial COIs were more identifiable than other secondary interests and, as a result, could be better controlled through prohibition. Resistance to prohibiting commercial conflicts often involved appealing to the observation that other secondary interests exist which are as powerful as money, but more difficult to control. Thompson affirmed the observation, but noted that it did not follow that nothing could be done. “Just because we cannot do much about other secondary interests it does not follow we should do little about financial gain.” (6). Prohibiting commercial COIs was a choice, and, as editors of the NEJM pointed out, a policy option that other professions had chosen (5). Judges are expected to recuse themselves from cases where they have a financial conflict. Editors and journalists in the lay press cannot write on topics where they have a financial COI. Prohibiting commercial COIs was an established governance practice in various professional contexts and aligned with public expectations. According to Thompson, the policy served two purposes: to ensure professional integrity, and to foster public trust and confidence in professional judgements. Thompson’s discussion, however, did not alter the medical community’s view of the NEJM’s zero-tolerance policy for editorials and review articles. Research sponsors and physicians with commercial ties to industry thought that they were being unfairly singled out by the policy (7). Further, critics of the policy received some additional support from across the Atlantic. The editors of the BMJ (Richard Smith) and the Lancet (Richard Horton) asserted that seeking prestige, a scientific reputation, a pressure to publish, career advancement, and even religion can be as influential as money (8, 9). Horton claimed that to “put financial conflicts to the fore is to provide a smokescreen for more cover and possibly more influential commitments.” (9). In the USA it was charged that the NEJM policy compromised objectivity and stifled open debate. It was a form of McCarthyism – shorthand for a witch hunt and censorship (10). Horton echoed this view noting “the Lancet prefers a pluralistic solution to one based on censorship” (9). Horton stressed that it was important to engage in open dialogue with all the parties or interests around the publishing table to minimise bias. Smith acknowledged Thompson’s view that COI was a condition and not behaviour and that physicians who thought that they were impervious to commercial influence failed to appreciate that biases stemming from a COI can operate unconsciously (8). Still, in Smith’s view the NEJM’s zero-tolerance policy for editorials and review articles was not a good policy fit for the BMJ. Smith felt the policy was unenforceable and commercial conflicts did not warrant being singled out for prohibition given other sources of bias. Smith was seeking a policy for the BMJ that “covers all conflicts of interest” (8). For Smith and the medical community at large transparency was the key to COI (11). Transparency framed ongoing discussion and debate on commercial COI. Questions typically included how much and what kind of information about commercial COI should be made public; if disclosure should be mandatory; and whether disclosure of a commercial COI was too intrusive (12). The NEJM had stepped into forbidden governance territory on both sides of the Atlantic with its zero-tolerance policy for editorial and review articles. To step beyond disclosure – as the NEJM had done – and prohibit commercial conflicts was off limits for most of the medical community. Among the leading general journals, the NEJM stood alone stressing disclosure was not enough to tackle commercial COI. In 2000, there was a change in the editorial guard at the NEJM. The new editor-in-chief, Jeffery Drazen, was seen as having strong industry ties and more aligned with the business aspirations of the Massachusetts Medical Society’s (MMS) vision of the NEJM – the MMS’s flagship journal (13). In 2002, Drazen weakened the NEJM’s zero-tolerance policy for editorials and review articles. It now only applied to authors with “any significant financial interest in a company [or its competitor] that makes a product discussed in the article” (14). A significant conflict was defined as anything beyond $10,000. But there was no restriction on how many other companies a physician could consult for at one time, nor on the financial amounts. The reason offered for weakening the policy was that it was difficult to find expert reviews from a “small and shrinking pool of authors eligible to evaluate drugs” (14). The implication was that the best experts consulted with industry. Previous editors of the NEJM noted that they might have to go down a long list of names to find independent experts, but they existed (15). One had to look a little harder. The weakening of the NEJM policy occurred against a rising tide of concerns over the commercialisation of medicine. Previous editors of the NEJM had expressed concerns over the industrial-medical complex (16); whether financial interests, influences, and conflicts were affecting physicians’ commitment to patients (17), and whether academic medicine was for sale (18). Their concerns were reinforced by high profile research scandals underpinned by commercial COI (19, 20). Against this backdrop, the Lancet ran an editorial that posed the question: “Just how tainted by commercial conflicts has medicine become? “Heavily, and damagingly so,” was the answer (21). And in another public forum, its editor Horton noted “that medical journals had devolved into an information-laundering operation for the pharmaceutical industry” (22). It was a provocative remark coming from someone who had earlier downplayed concerns over financial conflicts compared to other potential sources of bias. Horton now seemed to imply that commercial interests had gained a stronger presence and influence around the publishing table. His remark resonated against the backdrop of the Vioxx scandal which, at the time, was slowly unfolding. The scandal demonstrated in no uncertain terms how mixing commerce and medicine and relying on tainted information could prove deadly for the public. Vioxx was an oversight nightmare and public policy wake up call. It implicated institutions that were to ensure the integrity of medical data and the public interest. One of those institutions was the NEJM. Vioxx and the Midas effect In 2000, the NEJM published a clinical study (VIGOR) sponsored by the pharmaceutical company Merck (23). The article discussed the benefits of Vioxx – a drug used to treat arthritic pain. Vioxx was a commercial blockbuster and the VIGOR study contributed to its success. The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) reported that in June 2001 two doctors wrote a letter to the NEJM for publication – informing the journal that more adverse events associated with Vioxx existed than indicated by the VIGOR study (24). The higher rates of adverse events – heart attacks and strokes – were posted on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) public website. The NEJM rejected the letter for publication citing a lack of space. In August of 2001, one of the doctors – a pharmacist – called a radio show where Jeffery Drazen appeared and “begged” him to correct the paper to reflect the actual adverse events associated with Vioxx (24). The concern was that, given the NEJM’s prestige and influence, the study would lead physicians to prescribe a drug that had deadly consequences. But Drazen dismissed the request saying: “We can’t be in the business of policing every bit of data we put out” (24). Concerns about adverse events associated with Vioxx were also raised in 2001 in another leading medical journal (25). Tens of thousands of people died from taking Vioxx (26). And the question arose whether Merck had suppressed data over adverse events. Prior to pleading guilty to criminal charges, Merck withdrew Vioxx from the market in September 2004 (27). In December 2005, five years after publishing the VIGOR study, the NEJM published an expression of concern. It claimed the VIGOR study “did not accurately represent the safety data available to the authors when the article was being reviewed for publication” (28). A question that kept cropping up was, why did the NEJM wait a year after Vioxx had been withdrawn from the market to publish its expression of concern over the VIGOR study (29, 30)? Drazen had suggested that it was the responsibility of the authors of the VIGOR study to have corrected the record. But commentators did not understand why the NEJM had not been more pro-active in investigating concerns over Vioxx, given that the VIGOR study clashed with what was posted on the FDA’s website about Vioxx’s adverse events (29, 30). The WSJ offered an explanation for why the NEJM published its expression of concern when it did. Emails made public through litigation over Vioxx in Texas revealed that the NEJM had timed its expression of concern to divert attention away from a deposition that might be embarrassing for the journal, should the information become public (24). An internal email between NEJM editors and a public relations consultant noted that the strategy “was playing out nicely”. The internal emails revealed that the NEJM sold more than 900,000 reprints of the tainted research article. Merck – the manufacturer of Vioxx – had bought most of them. The sale in the Vioxx reprints alone generated $697,000 or more in revenue for the NEJM (24). The scandal also entangled institutional review boards (IRBs). Litigation revealed that another clinical study involving Vioxx (the ADVANTAGE study) was designed by Merck’s marketing department (31). It was a seeding trial – designed solely to get doctors to prescribe Vioxx (32, 33). Seeding trials were identified as cause for public concern in the early 1990s in the NEJM by an FDA commissioner (34). They were characterised as not addressing a valid scientific or research question and were described as a marketing ploy to get a drug prescribed so that it could gain a market share. The ADVANTAGE trial was a successful marketing strategy that contributed to Vioxx being widely prescribed by physicians (33). But how could a seeding trial have received IRB approval? IRBs are mandated to assess the science behind a trial and to determine whether it is ethical or not. They are also supposed to ensure that research participants are informed of the purpose of a study and its possible risks and benefits. While IRBs involved in the trial were reportedly unaware of the actual purpose of the study, the ADVANTAGE trial demonstrated how marketing disguised as science had trumped the rights and welfare of research participants. It also illustrated that had it not been for litigation, the public would not have known that IRBs approved a study that was designed solely to promote financial interests. Who then was overseeing the public interest? The issue was central to a Senate investigation into Vioxx where the FDA received public scrutiny. The FDA had approved Vioxx and the Senate investigation wanted to know why a drug that killed tens of thousands of people should be allowed on the market. Dr David Graham, Associate Director of Drug Safety at the FDA testified that the FDA’s handling of Vioxx was the worst preventable public health disaster in its history (35). Senior FDA management tried to discredit and silence Dr Graham from speaking to the Senate committee and from publishing an article that publicly disclosed adverse events associated with Vioxx (36, 37). Why? The FDA had undergone a shift in culture – from being focused on drug safety to approving drugs faster for the market place. Promoting both drug safety and economic interests created an internal cultural tension within the FDA that originated with the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA). The Act was created in 1992 in response to industry and consumer requests to have drugs reviewed more quickly for the market. The PDUFA allowed the FDA to collect fees from drug manufacturers for the drug approval process. The regulator was being paid by the regulated. Commercial COI had become institutionally embedded in the FDA and industry interests gained a stronger presence and influence at the agency. As Graham put it: “The industry is paying the piper and calling the tune” (37). The FDA had been captured by special interests. Senior FDA management viewed industry as their primary clients and sought to ensure that drugs were approved quickly, despite safety concerns being raised by reviewers. Graham was not the only reviewer that FDA management tried to silence over concerns about the safety of drugs being quickly approved (38). Nor was Vioxx the only drug approved by the FDA that negatively impacted the public. There were a number of such drugs (38). Scientists at the FDA wrote newly elected President Obama to reform the agency which they claimed had become corrupted (39). Concerns over commercial COI at the FDA and the agency being too close to industry clients and serving their interests at the expense of the public good remain alive (36, 40). The FDA commissioner Dr Lester Crawford who had approved Vioxx left the agency after the scandal and worked for Merck, Vioxx’s manufacturer. He became a senior counsel for Merck’s PR firm, Policy Directions Inc. Dr Crawford later pleaded guilty to criminal charges for fraud and was fined $90,000 (41). He had broken federal COI rules by falsely reporting that he had sold stock in companies regulated by the FDA. The Vioxx scandal tarnished gatekeepers’ reputations and reinforced the view that commercial COIs were ubiquitous and a detriment to the health and safety of the public. Natarajan’s concerns on the corrupting influence of commercial conflicts on the integrity of medical publishing are neither idle nor idiosyncratic. The Vioxx scandal fortifies Natarajan’s concerns and shows that they are justified and well founded. The anger that Natarajan’s colleagues expressed over his concerns about commercial COI and the NEJM was misdirected. Getting mad at or trying to silence the messenger does not make a problem go away – as Dr Graham and other FDA reviewers can attest. Nor does suggesting that concerns over commercial COI are exaggerated as a recent editorial (42) and series of articles in the NEJM assert (43, 44, 45). The problem is real, and as previous editors of the NEJM have recently noted, should not be downplayed (15). Indeed, as the Vioxx scandal illustrates, the stakes are too high to either downplay or turn a blind eye to the problem of commercial COI. What is disconcerting is that the conditions that gave rise to the Vioxx scandal remain intact (36, 46). How could this be in light of a Senate investigation into Vioxx? 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March 31, 2017: https://scroll.in/pulse/833283/a-new-bill-on-public-health-emergencies-allows-for-dubious-restrictions-of-citizens-liberties Sarojini Nadimpally, Use of pellet guns has caused a public health crisis in Kashmir. The Wire. March 29, 2017: https://thewire.in/119579/pellet-guns-kashmir-public-health/ Olinda Timms, More focus needed on palliative care. Deccanherald.com. March 25, 2017 http://m.deccanherald.com/articles.php?name=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fcontent%2F603006%2Fmore-focus-needed-palliative-care.html Vikhar Ahmed Sayeed, A tale of exploitation. Frontline.in, http://www.frontline.in/the-nation/a-tale-of-exploitation/article9583441.ece Sanjay Nagral. Government’s cap on the absurdly high prices of stents is a good first step. The Wire. February 18, 2017: https://thewire.in/110178/maharashtras-stents-is-a-good-first-step/ TNN. Doctors allege illegal organ trade on the rise in major hospitals too. timesofindia.indiatimes.com February 13, 2017: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/doctors-allege-illegal-organ-trade-on-the-rise-in-major-hospitals-too/articleshow/57115613.cms Dick Bijl, HPV Vaccine, Zorg.nu. (Telecast) November 15, 2016: http://zorgnu.avrotros.nl/uitzendingen/achtergrondartikelen/detail/hpv-vaccin-engelse-ondertiteling/ (With English Subtitles). Read English summary here Peter Gotzsche, Director, Nordic Cochrane. Centre. Letter to Head of Broadcast Compliance, RTE, on False statements on on Irish national TV (RTE) about the Nordic Cochrane Centre in documentary about HPV vaccines. December 1, 2016: http://nordic.cochrane.org/sites/nordic.cochrane.org/files/public/uploads/rte_tv_false_statements.pdf European Ombudsman. Reply to complaint against European Medicines Agency's handling of suspected harms of HPV vaccines. 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August 12, 2016.: http://scroll.in/pulse/813560/new-government-regulations-water-down-clinical-trial-safety-norms Sanjay Nagral. Better buy than die? The unfortunate enduring saga of organ sales in India. Scroll.in. August 3, 2016: http://scroll.in/pulse/812795/better-buy-than-die-the-unfortunate-enduring-saga-of-organ-sales-in-india Menaka Rao. Should hospitals give patients unbanked blood to save their lives? Scroll.in. August 5, 2016. http://scroll.in/pulse/811681/short-of-blood-rural-hospital-cant-treat-patients-in-dire-need-of-it Amar Jesani, IJME Editor, As a second kidney racket is unearthed in two months, are hospitals getting away too lightly? Scroll.in. July 15, 2016. http://scroll.in/pulse/811844/as-a-second-kidney-racket-is-unearthed-in-two-months-are-hospitals-getting-away-too-lightly PT Jyothi Datta. Why it is difficult to cut out organ black marketeers. The hindubusinessline.com. July 8, 2016: http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/specials/pulse/why-it-is-difficult-to-cut-out-organ-blackmarketers/article8824813.ece Aarefa Johari. Unethical cancer trials in India may have led to 254 pointless deaths, claims American doctor.Scroll.in. February 8, 2016 http://scroll.in/article/802988/unethical-cancer-trials-in-india-may-have-killed-254-women-claims-american-doctor Pallium India. Spotlight on living, dying and dignity. palliumindia.org. January 29, 2016. Available from: http://palliumindia.org/2016/01/spotlight-on-living-dying-and-dignity/ Times News Network. Aruna Shanbaug case: Forget euthanasia, even 'do not resuscitate' option not available. TNN. May 20, 2015. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Aruna-Shanbaug-case-Forget-euthanasia-even-do-not-resuscitate-option-not-available/articleshow/47350320.cms Ekatha Ann John. Doctors do avoidable surgeries to meet corporate targets. TNN. April 1, 2015. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Doctors-do-avoidable-surgeries-to-meet-corporate-targets/articleshow/46764036.cms Pallium India. Access to pain relief is India's ethical obligation.: Indian journal of medical ethics. palliumindia.org March 24, 2015. http://palliumindia.org/2015/03/the-pain-problem-in-india-more-recognition-outside-palliative-care-circles/ Nita Mukherjee. Doctors for ethical practices Moneylife.in, Jan 22, 2015. http://www.moneylife.in/article/doctors-for-ethical-practices/40250.html#.VMESDGDmQ5E.gmail Pushpa Narayan. Doctors give drugs without knowing side-effects: Study TNN \| 5 Nov, 2014. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/45044103.cms Mayuri Phadnis. Remove mercury from all vaccines Pune Mirror. Oct 28, 2014. http://www.punemirror.in/pune/civic/Remove-mercury-from-all-vaccines/articleshow/44952082.cms Jacob Puliyel. Doctors appeal for mercury-free vaccines Moneylife.in Oct 31, 2014. http://www.moneylife.in/article/mercury-free-vaccines/39289.html Sanjeet Bagcchi. Cervical cancer screening trials in India spark controversy BMJ. May 1, 2014;348:g3038. http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g3038 Rema Nagarajan. Row over clinical trial as 254 Indian women die TNN. 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__label__cc	0.613531	0.386469	Bodies and Technologies in Resistance: The Wisconsin Union Protests, from the Ground Posted on March 4, 2011 November 7, 2016 by Sarah R. A sign greeting Capitol visitors, late night, February 20th, 2011. Since February 12th, I have been involved in participating in and documenting the protests against Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker’s “budget repair bill,” underway at the State Capitol in Madison, WI. As an academic engaged with issues of both labor as well as critical media scholarship, I have been keenly aware of the peculiar situation of being both directly involved in the protests while attempting to think about them in the context of my academic work, and in terms of larger-scale sociocultural movements of the past 30+ years. Throughout the past three weeks, I’ve found myself routinely returning to a position of negotiation between my public and private, political and professional, student, academic and grassroots self. Of course, the binarisms of these juxtapositions are false from the get-go, but perhaps the negotiation process has been made more apparent and more acute as I’ve found myself, moment-to-moment, simultaneously making decisions, documenting, responding to developments online and off, and simply facing the challenge of extended time periods in very cold weather. Radical author/artist/activist/zinester Sloan Lesbowitz contacted me and asked me if I’d be willing to talk to her about what has been going on in Madison, in part, in the context of the online technologies and media (e.g., Twitter; Facebook) at the center of so much attention and activity in Madison and elsewhere in the world. Her questions were so thoughtful and provoked so much reflection in me that I asked her if I might share it with others. With Sloan’s permission, the conversation is posted below, with a few modifications as needed (and the original can be found here and here). I hope it is of interest. Sloan: At what point did you decide to head to the Capitol? Was there a specific issue, pivotal statement or moment where you decided? Sarah: Actually, my first response with regard to Governor Walker’s egregious actions of February 11th was to take part in a small rally the very next day. This was called for Saturday, February 12th at noon, and announced, naturally, on Facebook, in response to Walker’s late Friday afternoon pre-weekend “budget repair bill” announcement – a tactic used to mitigate the potential for response. The event at the UW Campus’s Memorial Union had about 100 turn out. I went with a friend. We listened to a few speakers and talked between each other about what to do. The plan to deliver the valentines to Walker on Monday, the 14th, was underway at that point. On Monday, I joined about 2000 or so people who had convened in the Rotunda. The majority of these people were affiliated with the University – TAs, students and faculty (and staff). After that, I had to leave town on Tuesday afternoon and did not return until Thursday. I was desperate for news from the ground, and so began to heavily utilize Twitter, as well as Facebook, to connect with others. At this point, larger scale protests had begun and I felt I had to get home. Meanwhile, my friend (with whom I’d attended the Saturday rally) was featured on Democracy Now! and asked Noam Chomsky to comment on the situation in Wisconsin. As Professor Chomsky so rightly pointed out, the program being unleashed by Walker is part of a larger fabric of Shock Doctrine-esque economic policies designed to decimate the middle classes, extract all capital for the profiteers and to browbeat the populace into submission via the unleashing of so many terrible policies at once. Prof. Chomsky also, quite rightly, called out the national Democratic party, whose absence has been conspicuous, by identifying their compromised position as bedfellows with Wall St. What was also immediately clear to me was that this was a coordinated effort and that this boilerplate legislation, undoubtedly formulated at the level of the Republican Governors’ Association and bankrolled by wealthy oligarchs, was the trajectory for Walker’s campaign all along. I believe this fact has been borne out by the unveiling of nearly identical legislation across the country, in Ohio, Idaho, Indiana, and many other states. So, it wasn’t that there was a pivotal moment, but more so that the series of events, beginning with the outrageous “budget repair bill” (usually just a cursory and routine mechanism passed without much fanfare) and escalating over the following days, absolutely demanded a response. All I could do was converge upon the Capitol. It seems I wasn’t the only one feeling thusly, of course. The February 12th demonstration at the Memorial Union, University of Wisconsin-Madison campus. Just hours after Scott Walker’s February 11th late-afternoon news conference in which the elimination of collective bargaining for state employees was announced. The Capitol Rotunda, two days later, February 14th, 2011. Sloan: How long were you present, and have you been staying overnight or going home and returning? Sarah: Since I was diagnosed with an illness and required frequent treatment last fall, I am now dividing my time out of state for part of each week for work and school, with the rest of the time spent in Madison, where I have medical and familial support systems. I have been on site at the Capitol in some capacity each day I’ve been at home since February 12th. That has, at times, taken the form of 10-hour days inside the Capitol and out, sometimes it’s meant coming in the evening and staying inside the Capitol until 3 AM doing my own work there; sometimes it’s been delivering supplies donated from my graduate student-employee union at my university to the University of Wisconsin’s TAA (of which I was a member during my Master’s degree), and so on. I have elected not to actually sleep at the Capitol, although I have spent many late nights there, because I am in recovery from serious illness and need to rest at home for health reasons. Many of my close friends have spent nights there. The scene inside the Capitol has been unbelievable. It’s been orderly, peaceful, community-oriented, self-sustaining and clean. I actually suspect that it has confounded and frustrated many GOP legislators, who could not fathom nor stand such an organic and organized outpouring of ingenuity and people power – without corporate intervention or authoritarian policies or politics. This self-organization has included such innovations as the creation of a medic station, a daycare, food stations, rotating bands of volunteer cleaning brigades, tampons stocked in the bathrooms, hand sanitizer distributed throughout the building, free socks, toothpaste and toothbrushes, a lending library, the entire of the Capitol covered in handmade informational posters (put up using special low-residue tape). The Wisconsin State Capitol is a _revered_ building, and those occupying it have certainly treated it as such. It was an amazing thing to have experienced. Of course, this has now all been dismantled, and Walker and his cronies are illegally restricting access to the building, in the face of a court order and the State Constitution that prohibits this. Democratic Assembly member’s door, covered in thank-you notes from pro-union Capitol visitors, February 20th, 2011. Sloan: What are some of the qualities of the protesters? What are the conversations and daily interactions like? Sarah: As you can see from this video I put together, the protesters are truly an amazing and diverse group of people. On the two Saturdays, we had tens of thousands of people (a realistic estimate from last Saturday, Feb. 26th, is around 100,000 on site) from all walks of life. Many are union members, but the membership runs the gamut from bricklayers to musicians to teachers to electrical workers, teamsters, public employees, airline pilots, firefighters, police, service workers, and so on. It’s extraordinary. I have yet to have had an unpleasant encounter with a union supporter. The atmosphere has been one of jovial camaraderie, mutual aid, sharing, thanks, and respect. Have you ever heard a chorus of 100,000 people spontaneously shouting “thank you” in recognition of a positive act on the part of a politician, speaker, musician or leader? It’s something I can’t describe in words. People’s creativity has also shone through, evidence of which you can see in the video I made. I can assure you, however, that the sorts of reports I’ve been hearing in the mainstream press are, by and large, completely inaccurate and mostly useless. Fox News has been the worst with this. For example, I saw last night that they’d made a report, aired on the O’Reilly Factor, about attacks from unions, into which they’d disingenuously spliced in footage from another incident, only slightly changing the caption in order to obfuscate the origin of the video. I mean, there are palm trees in the footage. Have you ever seen palm trees in Wisconsin? In February? Yet, in the short time period in which that footage airs, how many viewers of O’Reilly’s program actually notice the palm trees, or notice the slight change in caption and differentiate this event from the wholly peaceful days of protest in Madison? The magnitude of the deliberate media manipulation in the above example is unconscionable, but in just as many cases, the issue has been a lack of accuracy about the situation on-site, such as CNN’s significant underestimate of the crowd size from last Saturday. As a critical digital media student and scholar, with a focus on digital labor issues, I am fairly wary about claims about the purported power of social media to effect change when those claims err too strongly or uncritically on the side of technological determinism. Yet I cannot express how important these media have been to me, and my fellow resistors, as we’ve endeavored to get a more accurate picture out about what is actually happening, including using the embedding of real-time media such as photos and video. Blogs and CMS-driven sites (e.g., http://www.defendwisconsin.org/), Twitter (hashtag #wiunion, among others), Facebook – these have been invaluable tools and will undoubtedly continue to be. Cell phones, smart phones, cameras with video capabilities, relatively inexpensive flip cams, and so on, have been critically important tools for media production as well as for quick and immediate information dissemination – breaking legal decisions, maneuvers by the GOP to manipulate protestors’ access to the building, flash actions, etc. These technologies are therefore not only used for documentary and dissemination purposes, but also can serve the function of taking advantage of unique properties of geographic and/or temporal disconnect from the actual sites of activity themselves, so that a Tweet can be made from somewhere else int the city entirely, and yet still manage to bring hundreds or thousands of people to the Capitol, and do so with unprecedented speed. Try doing that with a phone tree. My own Facebook page, too, has been given a radical makeover and now serves as a clearinghouse for information, news articles, others’ photos or videos, requests for action, and so on, that I’ve personally curated. I’ve lost a few Facebook “friends” in the process who may not be as captivated by these events as am I, but gained a lot more, including connecting online with numerous state legislators. Beyond the dichotomy between mainstream mass media and organic, amateur and local citizen-media, there has also been a great void for accurate news reporting being picked up throughout the unfolding of this situation by alternative media outlets. Democracy Now!, for example, has covered the legislative battles and ensuing protests, almost daily on their program. Sloan: What has the queer presence been? I saw a fleeting rainbow flag in your video, but I am wondering about how all the issues are intersecting in real time? Sarah: I’ve seen a number of rainbow flags, and a “Lesbians for Labor” sign. Mostly, people seem to be identifying and/or affiliating based on their unions, so they’ll be marching under the banner of “Milwaukee Area Teachers Association” or “SEIU” or “Teamsters Local xxxx.” I can’t say I have necessarily felt this as a lack, but more that people are coalescing on the issue of labor, and bringing their personal and political identities to bear under that umbrella. Certainly I see people I know from many different corners of social justice activism on the ground in Madison, so people are obviously clear how this draconian legislation will touch them, whomever they are. As the saying goes, oft repeated these last few weeks, “an injury to one is an injury to all.” “Lesbians for Labor” at the Capitol. Sloan: Skip this if it is too personal or out there, though I think you were getting at this already in a lot of what you said. Can you comment more on the decision to protest with physical presence? Specifically, when I became aware (via Facebook) of your participation in the protests, I immediately thought about how you had recently been in the hospital. Followed by thinking… Sarah has too much integrity to sit this out. Sometimes our values make decisions for us. But what does protesting with our bodies mean in a culture so fixated on interacting through technology? Sarah: This is actually a compelling and astute question, and I think it’s worthy of thought, so I appreciate you asking (and thank you for the kind compliment). As you know, I spent November and December dealing with acute illness and had a very serious brush with death and a prolonged hospital stay. Since I was discharged from the hospital at the end of December, my health has been my primary focus (whether I’ve wanted it to be or not). This has meant dealing with the physical implications of having been sick – loss of stamina, fatigue, healing, etc. – as well as with the somewhat unexpected mental health issues of this experience – healing from fear, grief, the shock of going from wellness to illness, etc. Frankly, I’ve often wryly laughed to myself in recent days that I owe Scott Walker one for getting my mind off my illness for the first time since I was diagnosed – thanks, pal. Meanwhile, issues of health care funding and costs are obviously at the forefront of my mind (NB: BadgerCare funding, an erstwhile model program for state-level health care for those who cannot obtain it elsewhere and frequently a matter of life and death for those who rely upon it, is on Walker’s chopping block). As I described earlier, the process of becoming active in this resistance movement was organic for me; I really just showed up that first day, February 12th, out of a sense that it was the one thing I could do. From then on, being physically present on the Capitol grounds felt like an important component of my act of resistance. Body count has mattered throughout these events, particularly as a number of mass media outlets have mysteriously seemed to underreport the number of people on site (particularly last Saturday, Feb. 26th, when over 100,000 people amassed on the Capitol grounds and inside the building). Interestingly, I’ve noticed that my own negotiation of physically present vs. acting through technological intermediaries has been more complicated than that dichotomy might initially imply, resulting in the blurring boundaries of physicality and virtuality, space and place, and creating interplay among the different states. Rather, I’ve found myself at the Capitol in the midst of the unfolding events, chanting or marching with the crowd, with phone in hand for reporting out to Twitter, while holding onto a handheld HD digital video camera to record the scene – then quickly rushing to my laptop to upload the media, usually in a raw form, on the spot. I’ve also been watching others do similar things; both protestors and documentarians of the events as they unfold. It’s a process of immediate documentation, media production and dissemination. I’ve been asking myself why it’s so important to me, personally, to carry out this process of documentation, and I had the answer handed to me quite concisely when I saw the now-notorious Bill O’Reilly clip describing (decrying) the “riots in Madison” as mentioned earlier. So, it’s a rather common sight to see arms and hands extended above over the crowds wielding video and still cameras. Some of these resulting media artifacts make their way to Facebook, Flickr and Twitter, with some of it even being highly polished and professional, such as the videos by Matt Wisniewski. But a lot of it is simply being dumped onto hard drives and into personal digital archives. All of this is to say that physical presence as an act of visible resistance has been and continues to be critically important to those in Madison. But for those who cannot be present in that way – whether due to fatigue and a need to recharge at the end of a 10-hour day spent in sub-freezing weather in protest, or to being dispersed throughout the country (and world), online engagement has offered a critical outlet for people who want to hear testimony or view evidence from people on the ground. The relationship between the online resistance efforts and those on the ground is absolutely symbiotic, with each enhancing and extending the reach of the other. But because of my close physical proximity to the events, as well as the direct impact on me and loved ones of the proposed measures, I was unable to be content with participating solely online. I am deeply grateful, however, for the ways in which those tools and platforms have allowed me to narrate what I see and do in near-real-time, wherever my physical body may find itself. It also allows for people to participate physically to the extent of their abilities (such as people who might have illness, may become fatigued, may have different physical abilities that make longterm on-the-ground action difficult, and so on), and to carry on the work in the online paradigm. Posted in MeditationsTagged #wiunion, activism, grassroots, labor movement, protests, resistance, scott walker, unions, wisconsin Previous Post Questioning “The Cloud”: Andrejevic’s “Surveillance in the Digital Enclosure” Next Post Steve Jobs, 1955-2011. Visionary. “The Illusion of Volition” is maintained and populated by Sarah T. Roberts, Assistant Professor, Department of Information Studies at UCLA. This site is primarily focused, as is its author, on discussions and dissections of notions of (digital) information in society, and its attendant sociocultural, economic and ethical implications. Please visit the "About" page for more information. The postings here are my own, and do not represent the positions or endorsements of any other organization or body. Welcome! CFPs(8) Conferences(10) Critical Reading Response(2) Featured Posts(20) In Brief(11) Job Postings(8) Meditations(30) Personal Notes(17) publications(2) #wiunion 2011 academia academic freedom activism ala american library association AoIR Boston boycott call center CCM censorship CFPs chicago Christian Fuchs Cold War commercial content moderation Communication Arts Conferences content moderation control Cultural Studies Digital Humanities Digital Labor digital piecework ethics Facebook fims France Gaming gender google GSLIS History internet israel Journalism labor LIS LIS education mark andrejevic Mechanical Turk Media Studies Minitel miriam sweeney Occupy palestine philippines phyllis wise policy privacy protests radio resistance RPGs safiya noble SLIS social justice social media steven salaita surveillance Sweden technology the cleaners travel Twitter ucla university of illinois University of Wisconsin-Madison video Video Games wisconsin workers youtube (A Non-Exhaustive List of Interesting) Scholars Online Aihwa Ong Alex Halavais: A Thaumaturgical Compendium Alex Hanna Alexander Galloway André Brock Axel Bruns: produsage.org Bad Hessian Christian Fuchs: NetPoliticsBlog Deen Freelon Eszter Hargittai Fred Turner Greg Downey Jack Linchuan Qiu Jason Mazzone (and others) Jennifer Light Jesper Juul: The Ludologist Jonathan Sterne Kelly Gates Kembrew McLeod Laura Forlano Mark Andrejevic Mark Deuze Mary L. Gray Mél Hogan Michelle Caswell Mike Ananny Mimi Thi Nguyen \| Thread & Circuits Miriam Sweeney Molly Niesen Molly Wright Steenson Nick Dyer-Witheford Nicole Cohen Safiya U. Noble Simon Lindgren Siva Vaidhyanathan T.L. Taylor Tarleton Gillespie: Scrutiny Ted Striphas: Differences and Repetitions Tom Boellstorff Yuezhi Zhao Relevant Orgs and Online Destinations AoIR: Association of Internet Researchers Faculty of Information and Media Studies (FIMS) Graduate School of Library and Information Science (GSLIS) – University of Illinois HASTAC \| Humanities, Arts, Science, and Technology Advanced Collaboratory International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR) Internet Research Ethics School of Library and Information Studies – University of Wisconsin-Madison SIGCIS – Special Interest Group, Computers, Information and Society Society for the History of Technology (SHOT) Uncovering Information Labor	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line783
__label__wiki	0.818873	0.818873	by Briony Wright studio ghibli's wonderful soundtracks are being released on vinyl You've watched it, worn it and now you can spin it. Studio Ghibli made an impressive 21 films between 1986 and 2014 and built an unusually devoted following in the process. And no one could accuse them of lacking in generosity. Recently the studio has excited fans with a cool souvenir jacket drop, glimpses of an epic Studio Ghibli theme park scheduled to open in 2022 and news that co-founder Hayo Miyazaki is exiting retirement to make a new film called How Do You Live. Now the studio has also announced that the soundtracks to a number of their films, including My Neighbor Totoro, Castle in the Sky and Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind, will be reissued on vinyl on November 3rd, which also happens to be Japanese Record Day. The soundtracks are all the work of composer Joe Hisaishi, one of Japan’s most prolific and celebrated composers, who worked on almost every Hayao Miyazaki animation. As you can imagine, these records will be like visiting an old friend, not to mention the perfect soundtrack to your next dinner party. You can pre-order them here. This article originally appeared on i-D AU.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line785
__label__wiki	0.653245	0.653245	Public Service Matters Personal reflections on public administration and management About the Edinburgh MPA About my publications JUC Public Administration Committee Tag Archives: civil service Public Services Governance Guest post – Ministers vs Civil Servants Due to annual leave, sick leave and teaching prep over the last few weeks my blog has taken something of a backseat. I’ve drafted a number of posts but haven’t yet got them finished. So while I try to get my head above water again I am pleased to have another guest post from Professor Eddie Frizzell, Visiting Professor in Public Service Management at Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh. Ministers vs Civil Servants: Time for more FOI? The West Coast Rail franchise fiasco raises again the question of accountability when things go badly wrong in public service delivery. In central government the debate is about whether Ministers or civil servants should carry the can, and in the case of the cancelled contract with First Group Ministers were quick to blame their officials for alleged errors in the calculations. Meanwhile, Opposition politicians are keen to ensure that Ministers do not pass the buck, while the Chair of the Westminster Public Accounts Committee (PAC), the Margaret Hodge MP, appeared to conclude before hearing any evidence that the civil service was definitely at fault. Writing in the Times on 9 October 2012, she also called for civil servants to be accountable to Parliament, and for Committees to be able to summon civil servants to explain their actions. Mrs Hodge has been on something of a campaign to hold individual civil servants to account ever since her appointment as Chair of the PAC in July 2010, and has previously complained about obfuscation by officials and lack of frankness in evidence given to her Committee. However, to extend to a range of officials the longstanding Westminster convention that Permanent Secretaries, may – as Accounting Officers – be called before the PAC to account for, mainly, financial management, and to make all civil servants answerable to Parliament, would be a major constitutional change unlikely to find favour among Ministers or officials. In the UK the position is that civil servants answer to Ministers and that Ministers are accountable to Parliament, subject to the convention noted above. On the face of it, there could be advantages in terms of accountability, and transparency, if the net of Accounting Officers (or “Accountable Officers” as in Scotland) were widened. It may be fair to argue that Ministers should not be expected to delve into, far less understand, the minutiae of major procurements like the rail franchise, which rely on multiple complex assumptions, calculations, and financial assessments reliant on the work of Departmental economists, legal advisers, Treasury wonks, and well paid private sector consultants. But, it might also be contended that Permanent Secretaries, with large, complex organisations to manage, should likewise not be expected to know every fine detail of Departmental business – though the PAC has never been sympathetic to that proposition. There are, nevertheless, downsides. One is that individual civil servants are constitutionally indivisible from their Ministers (and vice versa, though it seems Minsters no longer see things that way) and cannot publicly disagree with their political masters. Even Permanent Secretaries are restricted in what they can say, within the confines of their Accounting Officer responsibilities. Another downside would be the temptation for some Committee members to grandstand and pursue cheap headlines, and there is a question mark over whether enough of them have the skills and competences for forensic examination. Committee questioning of James Murdoch of News International over phone hacking by the News of the World justifies such doubt. However, despite civil service reforms over the past 25 years, the issue of accountability remains unresolved. The gold standard insight into how knotty the problem is remains the famous BBC interview in the 1990s by Jeremy Paxman of the then Home Secretary, Michael Howard MP, over the respective roles of the latter and of the Chief Executive of HM Prison Service in the dismissal of the Governor of Parkhurst prison. Whatever the doubts, the Scottish Parliament has since 1999 been able to call a range of civil servants before its Committees. As in Westminster, Accountable Officers – the Permanent Secretary, Agency and Quango chiefs and other top brass – may be required to appear before the Scottish Parliament’s own PAC (Public Audit Committee), but they and other officials may also be called to explain legislation and policies to a variety of other Committees. For the most part these are polite encounters, with sensitivity shown to what civil servants are allowed to divulge, though on occasion former Ministers serving on Committees seem to have succumbed to the temptation to settle scores with officials dating back to when they were previously in office. Whatever the position in Scotland, blaming officials for setbacks risks becoming the norm in Westminster. Civil servants have even been blamed for what went wrong in the 2012 Budget, so the odds on being scapegoated if you are unfortunate enough to work for the Coalition seem to be shortening. Perhaps the time has come to reconsider the sacred “no go” area in Freedom of Information (FOI) and start bringing advice to Ministers into the public domain. This is of course anathema to most senior civil servants and to the Whitehall mandarinate, whose objections are that extending FOI to advice to Ministers would undermine the trust between Ministers and officials, and constrain the latter’s willingness to “speak truth to power”. These are important considerations, but they reflect a view of the relationship between Ministers and civil servants more in tune with the middle of the 20th Century than the second decade of the 21st. Mutual trust between Ministers and civil servants has been ebbing away in Whitehall for years, with the result that Ministers nowadays mostly prefer the enthusiastic advice of ambitious special advisers, some fresh from university political activism, to that of experienced officials. By the same token “speaking truth to power” is regarded as obstructionism and has been withering away since the Thatcher years when not “being one of us” was distinctly career limiting. In fact, opening up advice to public view may revive the practice – and raise the game of officials and Ministers alike. If the public were to know who advised what to whom, and who decided what, there would be no hiding place for anyone – which is precisely why Ministers would not like it any more than the mandarins. But accountability would be sharpened, and that would presumably be welcomed by everyone else, including Mrs Hodge. Eddie Frizzell Tagged accountability, civil service, FoI, Freedom of Information, governance, transparency Public Administration and Social Work at the Margins – An International Conference Dr Peter Falconer Public Administration Revival! Brexit and Scottish Universities 3PM Research Seminar Series 2019	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line786
__label__wiki	0.902074	0.902074	Fiesole Music School Florence Opera House "Maggio Musicale Fiorentino" Santa Maria Novella Church Abbazia San Miniato al Monte Bargello Fiorentino Florence Old Bridge "Ponte Vecchio" Palazzo Vecchio - Old Palace The Student Hotel Vinci, Piazza del Castello Where to Sleep in Firenze Where to Eat in Florence How to arrive by Bus How to Arrive by plane to Pisa or Florence How to arrive by Car How to arrive By train in Florence In collaboration with the Rowing Club of Florence, and the Association Renaioli, Italian Brass Week presents: Musicians from the world's great orchestras will play on four boats in a performance never before conceived, much less executed in Florence. Dale Clevenger, Roger Bobo and Alain Trudel will be the conductors for the MAIN HAPPENING 2019 2 Brass Orchestra 1 soloists ensemble ( on boats) LEONARDO ON BOATS The Ponte Vecchio ("Old Bridge", is a Medieval stone closed-spandrel segmental arch bridge over the Arno River, in Florence, Italy, noted for still having shops built along it, as was once common. Butchers initially occupied the shops; the present tenants are jewelers, art dealers and souvenir sellers. The Ponte Vecchio's two neighbouring bridges are the Ponte Santa Trinita and the Ponte alle Grazie. History and construction The bridge spans the Arno at its narrowest point where it is believed that a bridge was first built in Romantimes, when the via Cassia crossed the river at this point. The Roman piers were of stone, the superstructure of wood. The bridge first appears in a document of 996. After being destroyed by a flood in 1117 it was reconstructed in stone but swept away again in 1333 save two of its central piers, as noted by Giovanni Villani in hisNuova Cronica.[5] It was rebuilt in 1345, Giorgio Vasari recorded the tradition in his day, that attributed its design to Taddeo Gaddi, besides Giotto one of the few artistic names of the trecento still recalled two hundred years later. Modern historians present Neri di Fioravanti as a possible candidate.Sheltered in a little loggia at the central opening of the bridge is a weathered dedication stone, which once read Nel trentatrè dopo il mille-trecento, il ponte cadde, per diluvio dell' acque: poi dieci anni, come al Comun piacque, rifatto fu con questo adornamento. The Torre dei Mannelliwas built at the southeast corner of the bridge to defend it. The bridge consists of three segmental arches: the main arch has a span of 30 meters (98 feet) the two side arches each span 27 meters (89 feet). The rise of the arches is between 3.5 and 4.4 meters (11½ to 14½ feet), and the span-to-rise ratio 5:1. Damage shown shortly after liberation in August 1944 during WWII It has always hosted shops and merchants who displayed their goods on tables before their premises, after authorization of the Bargello (a sort of a lord mayor, a magistrate and a police authority). The back shops (retrobotteghe) that may be seen from upriver, were added in the seventeenth century. It is said that the economic concept ofbankruptcy originated here: when a money-changer could not pay his debts, the table on which he sold his wares (the "banco") was physically broken ("rotto") by soldiers, and this practice was called "bancorotto" (broken table; possibly it can come from "banca rotta" which means "broken bank"). Not having a table anymore, the merchant was not able to sell anything. During World War II, the Ponte Vecchio was not destroyed by Germans during their retreat on the advance of the liberating British 8th Army on August 4, 1944, unlike all other bridges in Florence. This was allegedly, according to many locals and tour guides, because of an express order byHitler. Access to Ponte Vecchio was, however, obstructed by the destruction of the buildings at both ends, which have since been rebuilt using a combination of original and modern design.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line788
__label__wiki	0.613801	0.613801	Tag Archives: the supreme court A Question of Power Posted by Gautam Bhatia in Access to Justice, The Judiciary power, the supreme court On Tuesday, the complainant in the sexual harassment case against the Chief Justice of India, decided against participating further in the proceedings of the In-House Enquiry being conducted by three sitting judges of the Supreme Court. In a press release, the complainant set out for reasons for her decision: that she was not allowed to have her lawyer accompanying her, that there were no video or audio recordings of the Committee proceedings, that she had not been given copies of her depositions, and that she had not been informed of the procedure that the Committee was following. At this point, it is unclear what will happen. Technically, having heard the complainant, the In-House Committee could now proceed without her, examine any witnesses it deems fit, and come to its conclusions ex parte. At the same time, the legitimacy of these proceedings – which have been of an informal and ad hoc character so far (more on that anon) – cannot but be significantly damaged by the public exit of the complainant herself. While we wait to see how events unfold, it is perhaps an apt moment to recall how it is that we got here. But before that, a few points need to be made. Structures and Institutions Sexual harassment is bound up with questions of power. Power operates along multiple axes in the ways that it structures our lives and relationships, and in the ways that it distorts them. It is of little surprise, then, that cases of sexual harassment (of varying degrees of severity) so often flow out of situations where differences in power are at their starkest, and the possibilities of abuse are rife: between teachers and students, employers and employees, the rich and the poor, army-men and occupied populations, and so on. And structuring all these relationships is the institution of patriarchy, that, in its own way, distorts relationships even in the absence of these more obvious markers of power. For example, the sense of impunity that society often attaches to male conduct (“boys will be boys”), accompanied by the corresponding sense of stigma attached to those at the receiving end of sexual harassment, skews power dynamics right from the outset. Why is this important? It is important because the way in which power dynamics frame and characterise sexual harassment cannot but spill over into the structures of accountability that are set up to address them. If those structures of accountability do not take into account this fact, and do not seek to pro-actively mitigate its effects, accountability itself will remain a mirage. To put it in simple terms: when two deeply unequal parties are brought before a tribunal, where the powerful stands as the accused and the powerless as the accuser, “neutral” rules that treat them as formally equal will invariably perpetuate the initial injustice. Progressive anti-sexual harassment laws recognise this. For example, the famous Vishaka judgment recommended that complaint committees should involve third parties (either an NGO or someone else familiar with issues of sexual harassment) precisely to “prevent the possibility of any undue pressure or influence from senior levels [of the organisation].” The 2013 POSH Act requires that an internal complaints committee be headed by a senior woman employee. Among other things, it allows for a complainant to ask for a transfer to another workplace, while the enquiry is pending. These are all provisions (and there are others) that specifically recognise the inequalities of power that seep into accountability processes, and the need to design structures that can adequately address them. Keeping this framework at the back of our minds, let us now look at what has transpired in this case. The facts are well-known, and have been discussed threadbare in the public domain: on the (Saturday) morning that the allegations broke, the Chief Justice convened a bench of himself and two other judges (Arun Mishra and Sanjiv Khanna JJ). The government’s top law officers (the Attorney General and the Solicitor General) were present in Court. From the bench, the Chief Justice proclaimed his innocence, declared that the allegations were part of a conspiracy to destabilise the judiciary, and pointed to the criminal antecedents of the complainant and her family; in this, he was supported by both the law officers. There has been extensive criticism – including by the SCBA and the SCAORA – on the procedural improprieties of this hearing. However, there is something even more important here: the deeply unequal power relations that structured the relationship between the accuser (a former employee) and the accused (the Chief Justice of India) were distorted even further when the latter decided to ascend the judicial pulpit to exonerate himself, with the support of two other judges of the Supreme Court, as well as the government’s top two law officers. A blanket denial of allegations, an attack upon the character of the complainant, and references to a large conspiracy are all common responses in cases like this; not everyone accused of sexual harassment, however, has the chance to proclaim his innocence in Courtroom No. 1 of the Supreme Court, with the Attorney General and the Solicitor General to call upon. In effect, the complainant was damned by five of the most powerful men in the country, before being heard. This situation was compounded further by the hearing on the 24th of April. The bench now comprised of Mishra, Nariman, and Gupta JJ. This bench decided to look into an affidavit filed by Utsav Bains, claiming that he had been offered a bribe to frame the Chief Justice. Once again, I will not here discuss the controversy that has erupted around Utsav Bains and his affidavit(s). There is a different point: in the morning hearing, the Bench expressed its desire to combat the “larger conspiracy” ostensibly at play, and summoned the chiefs of the Delhi Police, the Intelligence Bureau, and the CBI, for a close-doors meeting. When an apprehension was expressed about how this would affect the sexual harassment allegations, Nariman J. emphasised that the two issues were entirely separate. Unfortunately, Nariman J.’s protestations ring hollow. When the special bench in question was following up the hearing that the Chief Justice had convened on Saturday, and when the claims about a larger conspiracy against the Chief Justice and the judiciary were themselves now linked to Utsav Bains’ accusation that he had been bribed to fix the Chief Justice in a sexual harassment case, nobody could possibly maintain with a straight face that the two issues were separate. But most damningly of all, in that very morning hearing, Mishra J. specifically observed that “CJI Gogoi was trying to clean up the system” – hinting, thus, that it was for his independence that he was being targeted. How could anyone possibly argue that the judicial discourse around the “larger conspiracy” had nothing to do with the allegations of sexual harassment? It is at this point that the question of power once again comes to the fore. Without having (yet) heard the complainant, the entire focus of the three-judge bench was on a possible conspiracy against the judiciary, a conspiracy that could have legs – and let’s be blunt here – only if the complainant was a liar. And every act taken by the bench – from Mishra J.’s statements in the morning hearing to the decision to summon law enforcement agencies for a closed-doors meeting, to the decision to have the matter probed by (Retd.) Justice A.K. Patnaik was, once again, a distortion of the power relationship against the complainant. Here was a bench of three Supreme Court judges saying that there were strong enough indications that the complainant was indeed a liar, very publicly summoning high-level law-enforcement agencies to their chambers (indeed, one of those agencies – the police – was precisely the entity that the complainant accused of having victimised her), and finally ordering a probe by a retired Supreme Court judge. And all this – and this cannot be stressed enough – without the complainant having been heard. Even once. Meanwhile, Bobde J. – the second senior-most judge of the Supreme Court – had set up an In-House Committee consisting of himself, Indira Bannerjee J., and N.V. Ramana J., to look into the sexual harassment allegations. At this point, it took a public intervention by the complainant for Ramana J. to (correctly) recuse himself from the panel – for the very simple and straightforward reason that on the day that the allegations broke out, he had already dismissed them (effectively) as having been motivated. It is one of the most basic principles of procedural justice that if you have already commented upon the merits of the case in a way that shows a clear view one way or another, you should not be on the Enquiry Committee that is probing that case. So why did it need the complainant to point this out before appropriate action was taken? Why wasn’t this evident at the time the In-House Committee was constituted? What does it do to the power relations in this case, already distorted beyond recognition after the Saturday morning hearing and the 24th April hearing, for the Supreme Court to constitute an In-House Committee seemingly either oblivious or indifferent to the fact that one of its members had conflicted themselves out by very publicly taking the side of the Chief Justice? It is in this institutional context that the complainant’s final act – to withdraw from the proceedings – now needs to be understood. When the In-House Committee was constituted, the Women in Criminal Law Association published a letter asking that best practices in cases of enquiries into sexual harassment, as set out under the POSH Act, be followed. What the Court elected to do, instead, was to set up what was effectively an ad-hoc process, with the constitution of the In-House Committee (where, after Justice Ramana’s recusal, Indu Malhotra J. came in). Among other things, one crucial departure from the Vishakha Guidelines was the absence of an external member on the Committee, an absence rendered even more critical by the fact that the complaint was against the (administrative) head of the institution himself. That being the case – and given everything that had already happened before, as discussed above – the onus upon the Committee was particularly strong to ensure that the unequal power relations that characterised this case were mitigated by a set of structures and procedures that were designed to level the playing field in substantive ways. In particular, the In-House Committee had to deal with how best to restore the balance after two separate benches, one judge, and two government law officers had already suggested that the allegations were fabricated; how to deal with a situation where some of the witnesses testifying would be effectively testifying against their employer; how to deal with the fact that it was three sitting judges who were hearing allegations against their sitting colleague, the CJI; and above all else, how to correct the sheer imbalance of power that exists between an ex-employee and the Chief Justice of India. The complainant’s press release suggests that the Committee comprehensively failed to address any of these issues. Each of the four points raised by the complainant speaks to issues of power: the refusal to allow the complainant a lawyer/support person, while she is facing a committee of three judges handling a complaint against one of their own colleagues, and the (administrative) head of their own institution, in a context when multiple other judges have publicly come out against the complainant, distorts the power relationship; the refusal to record the proceedings and the refusal to provide the complainant with a copy of her deposition (a procedural right that is guaranteed under the POSH Act) deprives the complainant of any kind of effective oversight over the process, and distorts the power relationship; but perhaps most of all, the refusal to disclose the procedures – in a case where procedures matter vitally, because they are critical to address the power imbalance, distorts the power relationship into something that is beyond hideous. And underlying all this is one simple fact: in any other situation, the complainant could have taken her dissatisfaction with the procedure to an appellate authority, and eventually, yes, to the court. But here, there is no appeal from what the In-House Committee does. That makes sensitivity to every single aspect of the process doubly, triply important. But once again, the facts reveal that the Court is either oblivious or indifferent to these issues. It hardly needs to be said that this is not an essay about innocence or guilt, but rather, about the preconditions necessary to ensure that questions of innocence or guilt can be answered adequately. And for that, this is the point: at the time of writing, the sexual harassment complaint against the Chief Justice has been handled by no fewer than nine judges of the Supreme Court. As the above analysis demonstrates, each one of them has acted in ways that perpetuate the existing power imbalance. In the Saturday hearing, three of them either made statements against the complainant, or were complicit in the making of those statements by their silence. In the hearing of the 24th, two others did much the same. One judge agreed to sit in the In-House Committee despite being conflicted out on the most basic application of standards of conflict. And three judges who did finally conduct the In-House Enquiry did not follow processes that were sensitive to the power imbalances in this case, but rather, it appears, quite the opposite. In 1997, following the murder of Stephen Lawrence, the United Kingdom government commissioned what would come to be known as the MacPherson Report. Among other things, the MacPherson report set out definition of “institutional racism”: “The collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture, or ethnic origin. It can be seen or detected in processes, attitudes and behaviour which amount to discrimination through unwitting prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness and racist stereotyping which disadvantage minority ethnic people.” (Emphasis Supplied) The crucial point about the MacPherson definition was that for an organisation to be institutionally racist, it doesn’t need to have people who intend to be racist, and to act upon those intentions. Rather, institutional racism stems from “unwitting prejudice”, “ignorance”, or “thoughtlessness” – almost internalised conditions, acted upon without any conscious desire or motivation to oppress or disadvantage anyone. It is in a similar way that the above events demonstrate that there exists an institutional problem at the Supreme Court when it comes to dealing with allegations of sexual harassment, a problem that has been laid bare over the last two weeks. No doubt unwittingly, judges of the Supreme Court who have been tasked with handling the case have shown themselves unequipped to address – or even acknowledge – the bleeding heart of the problem: that this is a question of power, and without addressing that, you address nothing. Guest Post: Constituting Constitution Benches: The Dipak Misra year(s) Posted by Gautam Bhatia in Judges chief justice of india, the supreme court (This is a guest post by Shreya Munoth.) Reams have been written about Chief Justice Dipak Misra’s legacy at the helm of the Indian Supreme Court, both on the judicial as well as the administrative side. His jurisprudential legacy is a mixed-bag, and his administrative legacy leaves even less to be desired. But in this post, I write about Chief Justice Misra’s tryst with constituting and heading constitution benches in the year 2018. The last month of Chief Justice Misra’s tenure as the Chief Justice of India (as he then was) saw judgments being delivered in six cases, running to 2,753 pages cumulatively. These were heard by benches comprising of five judges (constitution benches) starting from January 2018. All the benches in these six cases were headed by Chief Justice Misra. These six cases heard by constitution benches were on diverse constitutional issues – the validity of Aadhaar; the validity of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code which criminalized consensual adult homosexual acts; the validity of restricting women from entering the Ayyappa temple at Sabarimala; the validity of Section 497 of the IPC which permitted husbands to prosecute other men who had consensual sex with their wives (‘adultery’); whether legislators could be disqualified on the basis of charges framed against them in criminal cases (‘criminalization of politics’); and the correctness of the decision in the M. Nagaraj, which excluded the “creamy layer” from reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes during promotion (‘reservations in promotions’). Article 145(3) of the Constitution stipulates that all cases involving substation questions of law relating to the interpretation of the Constitution must be heard by a bench of the Supreme Court comprising of at least five judges, otherwise called constitution benches. The Supreme Court, in ordinary course, sits in benches comprising of two or three judges. In the Supreme Court’s recent past, there have been very few instances of numerous constitution benches being set up, particularly one right after the other. Nick Robinson et al’s analysis on constitution benches that have been set up between 1950 to 2009 brought to light that the number of constitution benches annually have dramatically declined from the 1960s when, on an average, more than hundred constitution benches were set up each year, to the 2000’s where that number dropped to less than seven benches per year. Seen in this light, Chief Justice Misra was unusually proactive in constituting constitution benches and hearing the cases listed before such benches. In his tenure as CJI, for a little longer than thirteen months (August 2017 – October 2018), he constituted and headed at least thirteen constitution benches, six of which were constituted and delivered judgments in 2018. Aadhaar was heard from January 17 to May 10, 2018, the second-longest constitution bench hearing in the history of the Supreme Court. The other five constitution bench cases of 2018, in all of which judgments were pronounced in September, 2018, were heard one after the other from July 10, 2018 to August 30, 2018. This post is, largely, limited to the six constitution bench cases heard and decided in 2018. The six constitution bench judgments delivered in September 2018 alone – as pointed out above – cumulatively run to 2,753 pages. Two thousand, seven hundred, and fifty-three pages that are to be read by judges, lawyers, Indians, and others interested in the working of the Indian judiciary. Of these six judgments, only two judgments (criminalization of politics and reservations in promotions) had a single majority opinion, i.e. where one judge wrote the judgment on behalf of all 5 judges. Two judgments (377 and Adultery), which reached unanimous conclusions, had four judges writing separate concurring opinions. Only two judgments had dissenting opinions (Aadhaar and Sabarimala). While Aadhaar had three judges deliver separate opinions, with Justice Chandrachud dissenting from the majority and Justice Bhushan going beyond what the majority held, Sabarimala had four judges deliver separate options, out of which only Justice Malhotra penned a dissenting opinion. There are a few aspects that I would like to highlight regarding Justice Misra’s tryst with constituting constitution benches. Procedural Lapses First, the manner of constituting constitution benches, the notice given to the parties and their lawyers, and the composition of these benches left much to be desired. On January 8, 2018, a writ petition, for admission, was listed before a three judge bench headed by Justice Misra challenging the validity of Section 377. At the stage of issuing notice on the petition itself, Justice Misra proceeded to refer the case to a larger bench. This is to be contrasted with the usual practice, where after notice is issued on a case, the two or three judge bench it is assigned to, if it deems necessary, refers the issue to a larger bench. This may seem like a minor technical impropriety, but seen along with other procedures that have been ridden a roughshod over, the reason for referring the 377 petitions directly to a larger bench, and then prioritizing the 377 petitions over other constitution bench cases, deserves examination. On January 12, 2018, the Supreme Court registry issued a notice listing 8 constitution bench cases starting from January 17. The first case listed was Aadhaar (Note: Aadhaar went on to be argued for 38 days, with the judgment being reserved on May 10. Aadhaar was given the privilege of being the second longest constitutional bench hearing in the history of the Court since Independence. Importantly, the constitution benches that Chief Justice Misra constituted in 2018 only sat for 3 working hours on a good day, as opposed to the usual practice of sitting for at least 4 and a half hours. This could have been a contributing factor in the time taken to hear Aadhaar). In this January notice the 377 petition (titled Navtej Singh Johar and Ors. v. Union of India) was listed fourth in the order of hearing. Soon after the Supreme Court re-opened after the summer break, to the astonishment of many, the Supreme Court registry issued a fresh notice on July 5, 2018, listing four cases to be heard starting from July 10, 2018. The first case listed in the new notice was on the validity of 377. One can only conjecture the reason for this new re-ordering. The lawyers for the 377 case were given a precious five days’ advance notice to prepare for a case that dealt with the fundamental rights of millions of Indians. This was not the only time this happened: as late as August 1, 2018, a constitution bench was constituted for hearing the case relating to reservations for promotions (the infamous manner and composition of the constitution bench headed by Chief Justice Misra in the 2017 petition setting out the CJI as the omniscient master of the roster has (rightly) already been heavily critiqued on this blog). Bench Composition and Intellectual Conformity Coming to the composition of benches, Chief Justice Misra has been a part of all, but one, constitution benches that sat during his tenure as CJI. This is not anachronistic. Robinson et al noted that the chief justice has historically sat on about 77% of constitution benches, and wrote the majority opinion in 21% of them. The only constitution bench that Chief Justice Misra constituted that he was not a part of was the one hearing the petition pertaining to impeachment proceedings moved by some parliamentarians against him. This constitution bench did not end up passing an order or a judgment as, after some oral arguments, the petitioners withdrew their plea. The manner of the constitution bench formed to hear the impeachment petition is also very circumspect. Robinson et al also noted that: Strikingly, we could only locate 10 times the chief justice has been in dissent in the history of all constitution benches (he wrote a dissenting opinion in eight of these cases). This record may indicate that the chief justice is potentially picking benches that are more likely to decide in a way that he favours. How does Chief Justice Misra fair in this regard? Chief Justice Misra has not dissented even once in a constitution bench that he headed as the CJI. To be fair, as Robinson has pointed out, this is not something unique to Chief Justice Misra, and most CJIs have never dissented in constitution bench cases. On the issue of “picking the benches”, however, four of the six 5-judge benches of 2018 cases had the same composition (J. Nariman, J. Khanwilkar, Chandrachud and Malhotra JJ). Aadhaar, which had a (only slightly different composition) had Justices Sikri and Bhushan in the places of Justices Nariman and Malhotra (who was inducted as a judge only in July 2018). However, Justices Sikri and Bhushan were a part of at least six other constitution benches constituted by Justice Misra, in 2017 and 2018. The case pertaining to reservations against promotions had a unique bench composition that consisted of Justices Kurian Joseph and Sanjay Kishan Kaul, in addition to Justices Misra, Khanwilkar, and Malhotra. This case was the only constitution bench judgment that had one of the 4 senior-most judges (Justice Joseph), apart from the CJI, as a part of the 5-judge bench. Not a single constitution bench set up by Justice Misra, apart from this one, had any of the next 4 senior-most judges. Recall, the infamous press conference held by the 4 senior judges where one of their grievances was the assignment of cases by the Justice Misra to “benches of his preference.” Concurring Judgments and Inordinate Length Second, Justice Misra’s frenzy of setting up numerous constitution benches, with six major judgments all delivered in his last month at Court also resulted in a number of these decisions having concurring opinions. In fact, the only two cases that have single majority opinions (criminalization of politics and reservations in promotions) are the ones that were heard in the end. My problem isn’t just with the practice of authoring concurring opinions, but the form and manner of doing so. In the 5 constitution bench cases heard in the second half of 2018, the judgments display a clear lack of one concurring opinion engaging with the other. This is purely in the realm of speculation, but my sense on reading the judgments were that all the opinions were authored as disparate opinions which did not have the advantage of referring to the others, not at least till the very end. For instance, in Sabarimala, the three concurring opinions by Chief Justice Misra and Justices Nariman, and Chandrachud, all list out the facts, the proceedings before the Kerala High Court, extensively quote the same precedents, and summarise the submissions made by counsels. They also take divergent routes to arrive at the same conclusions. It is arguable that if the other majority judges have not dissented from specific findings, all concurring judges are speaking for the majority and that is binding on all benches of co-equal or lesser strength and on all high courts. However, it definitely leaves the door open for more judicial hours and challenges being wasted on discussing which of the majority opinions holds the field and if indeed silence by other concurring judges amounts to acceptance. Clarity should be the cornerstone of decisions, particularly larger bench decisions of the Apex Court. Unfortunately, these six decisions, with their numerous concurrences which do not speak to or inform each other, are a far cry from the clarity and precision one would expect. Third, on a slightly related note, these six decisions, with their numerous concurrences and a few dissents, apart from being convoluted, are incredibly lengthy. The Aadhaar judgment alone runs to 1,448 pages. I’d wager that out of the 1.3 billion Indians, a maximum of 200 have read the Aadhar judgment from cover to cover. Robinson et al note that “in the four-year period from 2006 to 2009, there were 12 constitution bench decisions, of which three (or 25%) were over 100 pages and two (or 17%) were over 200 pages, making determining the law an almost monumental reading feat.” I wonder what they would have to say about the colossal task of imbibing 2,753 pages all delivered in less than a month. The lengths of other judgments by constitution benches headed by Chief Justice Misra in 2017 range around the 500-page mark. The straight-forward question of whether Parliamentary Standing Committee reports could be relied on in proceedings before Courts took the Supremes 338 pages to decide. Ironically, the same Supreme Court in September, 2018 waxed eloquent about the need for “open justice” while permitting live streaming of its proceedings. Is “open justice” then limited only to the physical accessibility of court room proceedings? Does it not necessarily extend to its judgments? Who is the Supreme Court writing its judgments for and who are they applicable to? Surely, not only a handful of elite lawyers. Are judgments an exercise of displaying deep grasp on abstract philosophical principles? The Supreme Court is routinely deciding matters that directly affect the rights and obligations of the citizenry. Couched in flowery prose, running to a few hundred pages, makes these decisions which have a real impact on the very lives of the citizens far out of reach of these very citizens its diktats are addressed to. These verbose judgments also make it impossible for commentators to meaningfully distill them in easy and comprehensive summaries. Contrast this with the South African Constitutional Court, where the judgments are generally well under 200 pages, and the Court issues a two or three pages’ long media summary along with the judgment, making them very accessible. While this criticism of verbosity and inaccessibility does not extend only to judgments in the Justice Misra era, a CJI who fashioned himself as omniscient, could surely lead by example in being concise and precise. I end with the hopeful note that future “masters” at the helm run a tighter ship, not only in transparent selection of cases to be heard by larger benches and their composition, but also in ensuring dialogue between the judges of larger benches and in making judgments shorter and possibly, more accessible. Judges, even those hailed as the most progressive, would do well to introspect about how best they could, sitting in their ivory tower, speak to us, the laypersons, about matters that affect our very existence.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line797
__label__cc	0.61902	0.38098	The world through other eyes February 19, 2017 February 26, 2017 Jim Powell Indian notebook 1 Travel may broaden the mind, but tootling down to south-west France for four months a year doesn’t broaden it very much. A first visit to India, however, is a different matter. Having just returned from three weeks there, mostly in Kerala and Rajasthan, with a finale in Delhi, my senses still feel bombarded by the assault of sights and sounds and smells. Now is the time to rationalise the experience. It is tempting to believe that a short immersion in an exotic culture, mostly spent in a comfortable tourist cocoon, can somehow produce instant enlightenment and a deep understanding. It cannot. At best it provides flashing impressions, as through the window of a high-speed train. The impressions provoke ruminations, and these lead to vague conclusions that may be partially accurate. They are tentatively offered here, and in the blogs that follow. When countries ‘modernise’, that usually entails Americanisation. In India, it appears not to have done, at least as evidenced by the retail trade. In 10 days in Kerala, the count amounted to one KFC; in 10 days in Rajasthan, barely more. Brief drives through the streets of Mumbai and Delhi upped the total a little, but not by much. Coke and Pepsi were ubiquitous, but not dominant. Cars, wherever manufactured, carried Japanese or Indian brand names. Instead of importing ready-made consumerism, India appears to have grown through exports. Obviously so in the case of manufactured fabrics; perhaps more significantly so in the case of its highly-trained, tech-savvy younger generation. It may be one of the few countries to see a potential benefit in an America led by Donald Trump. If Trump doesn’t want foreign techies sullying his domestic industries, that’s fine by us, seemed to be the attitude of Indian newspapers. They can come home and we’ll rebuild Silicon Valley here. It would be interesting to know how many Indian expatriates there are. In Kerala especially, we saw many luxury mansions and apartment blocks which, according to our guide, belonged to Indian expats. Their sojourn overseas appears not to be permanent, but rather a short-term means of earning a great deal of money before coming home. The new Indian middle-class seems to understand and embrace the globalisation of people and jobs more than most Europeans or Americans do. Nor did their new mansions conform to any architectural pattern. Each one was fabulous in a different way. These must be good times for architects in Kerala. The new wealth that India is creating is reflected on the roadside. The number of billboards advertising (very) expensive jewellery is staggering. As is the number of shops selling toilets – an oblique suggestion that some traditional habits are changing. (We saw no roadside squatting at all.) Most cars are new. Almost all the filling stations at the side of the roads are new. We saw few oxcarts. So there would seem to have to have been a transport revolution in India, and it is recent. In parallel, there have no doubt been other revolutions, less visible. Anyone visiting India would be advised to buy an up-to-date travel guide. Much in the older ones is surely redundant by now. But not necessarily for the rural areas, of which we saw little, except through a car window. The pace of change is never the same everywhere, and it is always slower in the countryside. In a wholesale warehouse in Jodhpur, we were offered an exquisite covering that we were told would have taken the weaver over a year to make. It was on sale to us for £120. (Or for about £700 in an American store.) Rural poverty may have been reduced, but it is far from being eradicated. Urban poverty, which we observed only in Mumbai, and only fleetingly, is also diminished, but also far from being eradicated. Globalisation, for obvious reasons, is popular in India, but its benefits are unevenly conferred, just as its drawbacks are unevenly experienced in the West. I saw nothing to change my conviction that, on a macro-economic level, globalisation is a boon and and an opportunity for every country. However, on a micro-economic and social level, it throws up distortions that governments everywhere need urgently to address. The Indian newspapers were a constant delight. The journalism was witty, informed, intelligent and beautifully written, unlike most of our own press these days. Take these excerpts from an Indian newspaper piece by Farrukh Dhondy, reacting to Trump’s proposed ban on Moslems: ‘My friends are encouraging me to apply for the post of Foreign Adviser, with Third World Credentials, to US President Donald Trump’s team… I came up with the following list of suggestions for Mr Trump… ‘Immediate construction should begin on a Canadian Wall stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific to prevent American women and professionals – scientists, journalists, lawyers, teachers, doctors and Jane Fonda escaping to Canada. If such a wall is not built and millions of women, fearing oppression and a reversal of the gains of the feminist movement flee to Canada, it will leave the US with a dangerously uneven gender ratio. This could result in millions of men crossing over to Mexico in search of women to marry. Even worse, it could result in vast trafficking of Russian women to the United States… ‘Mr Trump ought to take immediate executive action to dynamite the Statue of Liberty… It is, after all, a foreign construction … and it has the unhelpful message of welcoming the ‘poor and huddled masses’… I propose that a statue of President Trump … replace it – but instead of a torch, holding aloft some appropriate object like a pair of handcuffs or a revolver.’ Everywhere, in almost everyone we met, there was humour. A beautiful, gentle, wry, understated humour. It is one of the abiding memories of India that I have carried home. I would like to have carried a cow home as well, but that is for another week. Politics, Stories and reflections, Travel Previous Article Europe, now Next Article Wherever I lay my hat	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line799
__label__cc	0.588142	0.411858	Faculty Administrator Job Number: 83602 Faculty Administrator Job Code: 4103 Job Grade: F FTE: 100%, Non-Exempt School of Engineering, Computer Science Department The School of Engineering Stanford Engineering has been at the forefront of innovation for nearly a century, creating pivotal technologies that have transformed the worlds of information technology, communications, health care, energy, business and beyond. Our faculty and students are creative risk-takers who pursue excellence across a breadth of disciplines. Our alumni include some of the world's most successful leaders in technology and business. Our staff are critical to enabling Stanford Engineering to accomplish its mission: seeking solutions to some of the world's most urgent challenges and educating leaders who will make the world a better place through the power of engineering principles, techniques and systems. 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Why Stanford is for You Since its founding, Stanford's pioneering spirit has embraced new ways of fulfilling its mission of research, education, and service. Today, we face a future of both promise and peril, marked by a breathtaking pace of change. We need new thinking and new approaches to anticipate and navigate this change, in order to deepen knowledge, address challenges and accelerate our contributions to society. By tapping into the wisdom of our campus community, alumni, and outside perspectives, Stanford leadership has developed a vision to guide our shared journey over the next decade and beyond. We seek talent driven to impact the future of Stanford's legacy. Our culture and unique perks empower you with: Freedom to grow. We offer career development programs, tuition reimbursement, and course auditing. Join a TedTalk, film screening, or listen to a renowned author or global leader speak. A caring culture. We provide superb retirement plans, generous time off, and family care resources. A healthier you. Climb our rock wall or choose from hundreds of health or fitness classes at our world-class exercise facilities. We also provide excellent health care benefits. Discovery and fun. Stroll through historic sculptures, trails and museums. Enviable resources. Enjoy free commuter programs, ride sharing incentives, discounts and more! We invite you to apply for this position by clicking on the Apply for Job button. To be considered, please submit a cover letter and resume along with your online application. Your one-page cover letter should briefly describe your background in customer service, event and project management, and provide examples of your experience with attention to detail, responsiveness, and decision-making. Job Code: 4103 Employee Status: Regular Grade: F Requisition ID: 83602 Location: School of Engineering, Stanford, California, United States Classification Level: To be considered for this position please visit our web site and apply on line at the following link: stanfordcareers.stanford.edu Stanford is an equal opportunity employer and all qualified applicants will receive consideration without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by law. jeid-ebbe72d0cf084d41a099ccc765dd6ebf About Stanford University Located between San Francisco and San Jose in the heart of Silicon Valley, Stanford University is recognized as one of the world's leading research and teaching institutions. Leland and Jane Stanford founded the University to "promote the public welfare by exercising an influence on behalf of humanity and civilization." Stanford opened its doors in 1891, and more than a century later, it remains dedicated to finding solutions to the great challenges of the day and to preparing students for leadership in a complex world. The University's thriving diverse community is comprised of nearly 7000 undergraduate students, 9000 graduate students, 2000 faculty members, 1900 postdoctoral scholars, and over 11,000 academic and administrative staff in seven schools including several interdisciplinary research centers and institutes. The campus spreads over 8000 contiguous acres and nearly all undergraduates live on campus. Stanford offers bachelor's and master's degrees in addition to doctoral degrees (PhD, MD, DMA and JD) plus a number of professional and continuing education programs and certifications. More at http://facts.stanford.edu and http://www.stanford.edu. Stanford University is an ...equal opportunity employer and is committed to increasing the diversity of its faculty. It welcomes nominations of and applications from women, members of minority groups, protected veterans and individuals with disabilities, as well as from others who would bring additional dimensions to the university’s research, teaching and clinical missions. assistant professor POSITIONS IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND/ OR GLOBAL STRATEGY, RSM Rotterdam, Netherlands Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University 1 Week Ago Senior Financial Analyst Washington, D.C. Johns Hopkins University Today Human Resources Management Part-Time Instructors Irvine, California University of California, Irvine (UCI) Today	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line800
__label__cc	0.623455	0.376545	APS Postdoc Exchange Find a Postdoc Position Post a Postdoc Position APS Career Resources APS Membership Uncommon Careers Minds for Business APS Conventions Methodology Center Clinical 10 Postdoctoral 8 Education 6 Cognitive 6 Health 6 Behavioral 5 Research 4 Cognitive Neuroscience 4 Development 4 Neuroscience 4 Personality 4 Other 3 Biopsychology 3 Child/Adolescent 3 Experimental 3 General 3 Positive Psychology 3 Psychometrics 3 Addictive Behaviors 2 Full time 8 Postdoc 2 Refine by State Ontario 2 England 1 Florida 1 Maryland 1 Massachusetts 1 Mississippi 1 Ohio 1 Pennsylvania 1 Washington 1 Statistics Social Multiple Assistant Professor Positions Featured MULTIPLE, TENURE-TRACK ASSISTANT PROFESSOR POSITIONS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI. The Department of Psychology at The University of Mississippi anticipates hiring two faculty in SOCIAL or COGNITIVE . The area of research specialization is open, but we anticipate that at least one of these hires will join a cluster of psychology faculty focused on health issues, diversity science, or developmental perspectives in social or cognitive psychology. Applicants for all positions must be willing to teach both graduate and undergraduate courses and be willing to recruit and mentor graduate students. Applicants should have a record of research productivity and a plan for developing and maintaining a substantive research program that could attract external funding. The successful candidates are expected to have a Ph.D. at the time of appointment in August 2020. The university is located in Oxford, which is regularly ranked as one of the top small college towns in the U.S. The University of Mississippi has been consistently recognized as one of the best colleges in the nation to work for by The Chronicle of Higher Education. The university has an R-1 Highest Research Activity Carnegie Classification. The University of Mississippi Flagship Constellations are designed to bring together a wide range of faculty from across the main and medical campuses to address some of the most difficult and complex problems facing our nation and world. If you are interested in working with cross-disciplinary researchers, this is an exceptional opportunity for you. http://flagshipconstellations.olemiss.edu/ The University of Mississippi campuses have a student body of approximately 24,000 students, including 20% students of color and 4% international students from 85 countries. The Psychology Department recognizes the importance of a diverse faculty and a supportive educational and professional environment that actively affirms the value of cultural diversity. We encourage applications from candidates who are traditionally underrepresented in academia and from all candidates who are committed to fostering a diverse and inclusive academic community. http://psychology.olemiss.edu/diversity-statement/ All applications must be submitted online at https://careers.olemiss.edu . Applications should include 1) a cover letter 2) curriculum vitae 3) up to 3 selected reprints or preprints, and short statements (not to exceed two pages each) describing your 4) program of research 5) teaching philosophy and interests and 6) contributions and commitment to diversity. Three letters of reference should be sent to psych@olemiss.edu . Questions concerning online submission problems should be directed to the University Employment Office at careers@olemiss.edu or 662-915-1518. Questions about the positions may be directed to: Dr. Stephanie Miller (committee chair) at semille5@olemiss.edu or by phone at (662) 915-6541. Review of materials will begin September 1, 2019 and continue until an adequate applicant pool is reached or the position is filled. The University of Mississippi is an EEO /AA/Title VI/Title IX/Section 504/ ADA / ADEA employer. University of Mississippi Oxford, MS, USA Full time Assistant Professor of Psychology Featured HARVARD UNIVERSITY . The Department of Psychology anticipates making a tenure-track appointment at the assistant professor level to begin July 1, 2020. We seek candidates with expertise in social psychology, broadly defined. The appointment is expected to begin on July 1, 2020. Candidates at all levels are encouraged to apply. Candidates must have a strong doctoral record and have completed their Ph.D. Candidates should have demonstrated a promise of excellence in both research and teaching. Teaching duties will include offerings at both undergraduate and graduate levels. Please submit a cover letter, curriculum vitae, research and teaching statements, up to three representative reprints, and names and contact information of three to five references. Also required is a statement describing efforts to encourage diversity, inclusion, and belonging, including past, current, and anticipated future contributions in these areas. In addition, please arrange for three letters of recommendation to be submitted to http://academicpositions.harvard.edu/postings/9123 The application will be complete only when all three letters have been submitted. Questions regarding this position can be addressed to Joshua Greene at jgreene@wjh.harvard.edu with the words “Social Search” in the subject line. Applications must be received by September 1, 2019 to be guaranteed review. Applications will be reviewed until the position is filled. We expect to conduct interviews in October and November. We are an equal opportunity employer and all qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability status, protected veteran status, gender identity, sexual orientation, pregnancy and pregnancy-related conditions or any other characteristic protected by law. Harvard Psychology Department Cambridge, MA, USA Full time Post-doctoral Fellowship in Affective Science Post Doctoral Fellowship in Affective Science: Emotion, Stress & Psychopathology The Department of Psychological Sciences at Kent State University invites applications for a post-doctoral research position in affective science. The successful candidates will become part of a multi-disciplinary investigation to understand affective and behavioral predictors of psychological risk. Specifically, this research program, led by Dr. Karin Coifman, aims to examine the association between emotion response behavior and risk for affective disease following aversive life events. The Post-Doctoral Fellows will work as part of a NIMH funded 5-year project that aims to investigate the role of emotion in-flexibility and risk for affective disease following traumatic injury, as well as to assist with other existing data collection efforts , manuscript preparation, grant development, and to develop new lines of inquiry based on current findings. The project team is multidisciplinary and extends across two hospital recruiting sites, allowing for opportunities for collaboration and additional data collection within surgery, psychiatry, emergency and trauma medicine, in addition to with KSU faculty in health, neuropsychology and clinical science. This position offers the opportunity to develop an integrated research program and enhance skills necessary for a successful academic career in psychological science. The position is a minimum of two years and renewal of appointments will be dependent upon performance. Salary is consistent with current NIH post-doctoral training levels and includes health insurance and a stipend for professional travel. Postdoc Description: Post-doctoral applicants must have earned a Ph.D. in Psychology or Neuroscience. Applicants must have demonstrated research productivity and academic excellence in emotion-related research and/or affective neuroscience related to psychopathology. Advanced quantitative skills are required. All inquiries should be addressed to Dr. Coifman ( kcoifman@kent.edu ; 330-672-9155 ). Send a CV, three letters of reference, relevant reprints, and a detailed cover letter describing research experience, interests and long term career goals to: Dr. Karin Coifman, Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001 or by email to kcoifman@kent.edu . Applications will be reviewed in order of their receipt and start date is flexible. Kent State University is nestled between two cities (Cleveland & Akron) and attracts students from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. The university maintains strong corporate and community partnerships, including strong ties to prominent area research institutions such as the Cleveland Clinic. Kent, OH is an inexpensive college town with close proximity to national parks, arts and culture. Students and faculty often live within walking distance. The Department of Psychological Sciences is a highly productive, collaborative research environment. The department has over 100 students in doctoral degree programs and over 900 undergraduate majors. There is an established community of post-docs both within the department and across the university community, with considerable post-doc resources and support in place both at the department level and at the institution more broadly. Kent State University is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer Kent State University Kent, OH, USA Full time Director, Division of Behavior and Social Research The National Institute on Aging (NIA), a major research component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), is seeking exceptional candidates for the position of Director, Division of Behavioral and Social Research (DBSR). The Division supports behavioral and social research and research training on the processes of aging at both the individual and societal level. In addition, DBSR fosters cross-disciplinary research at multiple levels, from genetics to cross-national comparative research, and at stages from basic through translational. Specific areas of interest include the following: Behavioral Medicine and Interventions; Behavioral Genetics of Aging; Cognitive Aging; Demography and Epidemiology; Health Economics of Aging; Family and Interpersonal Relationships; Psychological Development and Integrative Science; Population Genetics of Aging; and influence of Health Systems on Health Outcomes. The Director is responsible for planning, directing and evaluating extramural and collaborative research and training in the two DBSR branches, Individual Behavioral Processes and Population and Social Processes { for a more detailed description of the research areas supported and fostered by DBSR, please follow this link }. The Director of DBSR is responsible for collaborating with other NIA Divisions, NIH Institutes and Centers and other Federal agencies in the coordination and support of relevant scientific activities. This includes working with the NIA’s Office of Communications and Public Liaison in developing material for distribution to Congress, scientists and the public. In addition, the Director will maintain liaisons with leading medical and scientific directors, private organizations, and professional societies and with leading researchers and clinicians in research on normal and abnormal brain aging. The Director will also be responsible for liaising with various industry groups as a participant, panelist and/or spokesperson as may be required from time to time. The ideal candidate should be comfortable with speaking publicly, to the news media (print and broadcast) and to various groups of influencers about the activities of the NIA, the current state of the science, research investments and projects and the role of the NIA in helping to shape them. Applicants must possess a Ph.D. and/or M.D., or equivalent degree in the behavioral and/or social sciences with broad senior-level experience in one or more of the following fields: psychology; demography; economics; sociology; epidemiology; medicine, etc. Multidisciplinary expertise that combines interactions in social, economic, psychological and biological factors with heath outcomes related to aging is desirable. Expertise in areas such as cognition, bio-demography of aging; neuro-economics, social neuroscience; behavior change and behavioral genetics, would be relevant. Candidates should be recognized within their profession, both nationally and internationally, as distinguished individuals of outstanding scientific competence and should demonstrate through their experience that they have provided oversight for the quality, scientific productivity and management of a research program in the behavioral and social sciences. Application Process: Application Process: Application packages are to include a CV with bibliography and a statement addressing the qualifications and interest in the position. Application packages can be submitted via email at NIAJobs@mail.nih.gov or by mail to National Institute on Aging, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 31/Suite 2C02, Bethesda, MD 20892, Attention: Pamela Anderson. All application materials must be received by August 30, 2019. Salary is commensurate with experience and a full package of Civil Service benefits is available. All information provided by applicants will remain confidential and will not be released outside the NIA search process without a signed release from candidates. For further information about the application process, please contact Pamela Anderson at NIAJobs@mail.nih.gov or by phone at 301-451-8386. For specific questions about the position, please contact Dr. William Riley at william.riley@nih.gov . The NIH encourages the application and nomination of qualified women, minorities, and individuals with disabilities. HHS AND NIH ARE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYERS National Institute of Health Bethesda, MD, USA Full time Postdoctoral Research Associate: Behaviour change science and positive psychology We are seeking a highly motivated Research Associate to work on a research project in the Department of Psychology at the University of Sheffield in the UK. Situated at the interface of behaviour change science and positive psychology, the project will investigate how people respond to set-backs when pursuing their goals and explore ways to help people to respond with self-compassion. Our aim is to develop a theoretical framework and tools that can be applied across a variety of settings (for example, health behaviours, parenting, managing deadlines). As such, this research has important implications for our understanding of self-compassion, of how people respond to lapses in goal pursuit and, how to promote effective self- regulation and help people to make changes to their behaviour. The project is funded for 3-years by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) in the UK. You will work with Dr Fuschia Sirois ( http://sirois-lab.group.shef.ac.uk/ ) and Dr Thomas Webb ( www.sheffield.ac.uk/psychology/staff/academic/thomas-webb ) to carry out the research described above. This will involve designing and developing materials, applying for ethical approval, recruiting participants, managing the datasets, analysing the data and preparing reports for publication and disseminating the findings via social media, academic conferences, and engagement with potential users. The position will provide you with the opportunity to sharpen your theoretical skills, broaden your applied research experience, and gain valuable experience engaging with non-academic stakeholders. You should have a good honours degree (or equivalent experience) in psychology or a related discipline and a PhD (or be close to completion) in psychology or a related discipline (or equivalent experience). You should also have well-developed skills with respect to designing, conducting, analysing and presenting the findings of questionnaire and experimental research, and excellent organisation, communication, and collaboration skills. Knowledge of contemporary research on self-regulation, self-compassion, individual differences, and social psychology more broadly would also be an advantage. For more details, please follow the link to current vacancies from this link https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/jobs and enter job reference number UOS022973 University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK Postdoc We are hiring to fill a new research position in Psychology at the University of Waterloo, Canada. Applications are sought for a Postdoctoral Associate. Successful candidates will work closely with Dr. Igor Grossmann to coordinate and initiate research on topics represented in the Wisdom and Culture Lab (uwaterloo.ca/wisdom-and-culture-lab). Postdoc Position: Applicants for the postdoc position must have a PhD in Psychology or related field and excellent writing and quantitative skills (incl. proficiency in R). Though not essential, candidates should preferably have a specialization in Cognitive or Social Psychology, an interest/background in research on one of the themes: cognitive science, stress/emotion regulation, and/or big data analytics. The position has a flexible timeline, with preference for a 2-year commitment. A competitive salary, including benefits, will be provided. Postdoctoral candidates who have their own funding may also apply. Participation in department-wide activities and collaborations will be encouraged, as applicable. How to apply: please submit a cover-letter, 2 page biographic information containing relevant research experience and career goals, two best writing samples, and contact info of 3 referees to nmivallb@gmail.com, specifying the position you apply for in the subject line. University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON, Canada Postdoc The Department of Psychology at Western University is recruiting multiple full-time probationary (tenure-track) faculty in the areas of Animal Cognition/Animal Behaviour, Industrial/Organizational Psychology and Social Psychology. For further information and to view the advertisements please visit https://psychology.uwo.ca/about_us/job_opportunities.html . University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada Full time Assistant Professor of Psychology Tenure-track position in psychology, with expertise in social psychology, at the rank of assistant professor. Effective August 2020. Ph.D. required. Social psychologists with diversity-related research interests or from historically underrepresented groups are especially encouraged to apply. The successful candidate will offer courses in social psychology, introduction to psychology, statistics or research methods in psychology, and undergraduate thesis supervision, as well as courses that contribute to the College’s general education requirements. The standard annual teaching load is five courses. The College provides a generous sabbatical leave program and professional development support for both research and teaching. Whitman College is committed to cultivating a diverse learning community. Applicants should explain how their classroom and scholarly practices will serve to create and sustain an inclusive learning environment. This statement can be included in the cover letter or the teaching statement. In their cover letter, candidates should address their interest in working at a liberal arts college with undergraduates, majors as well as non-majors, at all levels of instruction. To apply, go to https://whitmanhr.simplehire.com/, click “Faculty” and “Assistant Professor of Psychology.” The online application will prompt you to submit all of the required materials: a letter of application; separate statements addressing the candidate’s teaching interests and scholarly agenda; curriculum vitae; the contact information for three people who will be contacted for letters of reference; graduate transcripts; and complete sets of teaching evaluations or other evidence of demonstrated or potential excellence in undergraduate instruction. Deadline: Thursday September 26, 2019. Whitman College is building a diverse academic community and especially encourages applications from women, members of historically underrepresented minority groups, persons with disabilities, and others who would bring additional dimensions to the college’s learning environment. Whitman College is an EEO employer. For additional information about Whitman College and the Walla Walla area, see www.whitman.edu and www.wallawalla.org. Whitman College Walla Walla, WA, USA Full time Assistant Professor of Psychology, tenure-track position, to start in September 2020. Ph.D. in Psychology required, along with a commitment to the liberal arts. Teach seven courses per academic year (3-1-3). Must be able to teach Social Psychology, Introduction to Psychology, Statistics, and Research Methods. Ability to teach Personality a plus. Opportunity to teach an elective course in the area of interest and expertise of the applicant. Participation in an interdisciplinary, values-oriented general education program is required, including a regular rotation in the two-semester first-year program. Eckerd College, the only independent national liberal arts college in Florida, has a tradition of innovative education and teaching/mentoring excellence. Submit letter of application, vita, recent teaching evaluations, statement of teaching philosophy, statement of research agenda, undergraduate and graduate transcripts, and contact information for three references so that letters of recommendation can be requested, via https://eckerd.hirecentric.com/jobs/. Applications must be complete by October 15, 2019. Inquiries may be sent to Dr. Jeff Howard at howardja@eckerd.edu. Eckerd College is committed to fostering a diverse faculty, staff, and student body, and an inclusive campus community. Eckerd is an equal opportunity employer and does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, gender identity, national origin, disability, veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by law. Eckerd College is especially interested in attracting candidates from historically underrepresented groups. Eckerd College St. Petersburg, FL, USA Full time Assistant Professor (Tenure-Track): Social and Health Psychology The Department of Psychology at Carnegie Mellon University is seeking applicants who work at the intersection of Social or Personality and Health Psychology for a tenure track Assistant Professor position. We are interested in candidates with a strong grounding in psychological theory, cutting-edge methods and research programs, high-quality teaching, and strong statistical training and quantitative skills. We place high value on programmatic, theory-driven research that contributes to the substantive advancement of social or personality and health psychology. We also value open science efforts and strive for replicable and reproducible research. For serious consideration , application materials should emphasize how applicants: work at the intersection of social or personality and health psychology have a strong conceptual grounding for one’s work in psychological theory have a track-record of experience with study design, data collection, and analysis Carnegie Mellon is a highly supportive environment for scientists seeking to span disciplines and employ multiple methodologies in their research. We are committed to building a diverse faculty within an increasingly broad university community. We believe that diversity of researchers, of research questions (at the intersection of social or personality and health psychology), and of research populations improves our field and our department, and we are actively seeking to improve and represent those values. Accordingly, we strongly encourage applications from women, minorities, individuals with disabilities, veterans, and other underrepresented groups, and/or from researchers whose work involves these populations. We also work actively to meet the needs of dual-career couples. Carnegie Mellon offers highly competitive salaries and start-up packages in an attractive and highly livable urban environment. To be considered for positions beginning Fall 2020, applications must be received no later than October 1, 2019 . To apply to this position, please see: http://apply.interfolio.com/63210 Questions may be addressed to gingerp@cmu.edu. Carnegie Mellon University is an Equal Opportunity Employer. Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA Full time	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line801
__label__cc	0.513211	0.486789	Grizzly Bear Calf Kill Sparks Warning for Hunting Season Peter Christian Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks officials report that a grizzly bear killed a calf early this week on a ranch near Two Dot, Montana. Due to that report, officials are warning hunters that with the increasing numbers of the two major grizzly bear populations, more encounters will probably occur during the upcoming general rifle season. Communication and Education Director for FWP Greg Lemon explained the cautionary note. “Our grizzly bear populations in the Northern Continental Divide and Greater Yellowstone ecosystems have fully recovered and exceeded the targets set for removal from the Endangered Species list, and as those populations expand, they’re moving out in all directions,” said Lemon. “That means there are areas in Montana that bears are now living where they haven’t lived for decades, or even a century or more. The grizzly bear that killed a calf near Two Dot is a good example.” Lemon said more Montanans are going to have to learn how to live in grizzly bear country. “Hunters should be prepared to encounter grizzly bears,” he said. “Carry bear spray and be prepared to use it, preferably hunt with a partner, let people know where you’re going, and when you’re out hunting keep an eye out for grizzly bear sign and if you see it, try to avoid those areas.” Lemon said FWP wants to know when conflicts with grizzly bears occur anywhere in the state. “For hunters, if they’ve shot an animal and the bear has taken over the animal, we want to know about that,” he said. “If there’s an interaction with the bear, if the bear charges and somebody has to deploy bear spray, we want to know about that, but if people just see bears, we’d just like to know where they’re moving.” A FWP press release states, ‘Landowners should also remove or secure attractants including garbage, pet food, bird feeders, and clean up around fruit trees to prevent unwanted conflicts with bears and other wildlife such as skunks and raccoons. Grizzly bears are still listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. As such, killing or harming grizzly bears is illegal except by agency personnel for certain conflict or human-safety situations. However, individuals may legally take a grizzly bear in an act of self-defense or defense of another human if there is an immediate danger of being attacked.’ Filed Under: grizzly bears, hunting season, Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line808
__label__cc	0.694961	0.305039	New ‘Star Wars: The Last Jedi’ Spot Invites You to Choose Your Own Path Just a day after the last Star Wars: The Last Jedi TV spot, here’s another one. It’s almost like Disney and Lucasfilm are heavily marketing this movie and trying to convince you to watch it! It’s just outrageous. This new spot is called “Tempt,” and it features Daisy Ridley’s Rey in training with Mark Hamill’s Luke Skywalker. She senses scenes from the movie (The Force is basically movie trailer vision), along with lightness, darkness, and “something else” that’s calling to her. Luke thinks she should resist, and then he screams at her. So things ain’t looking too good for Rey. Will she be able to push back against the lure of the Dark Side? (I mean, probably. Wouldn’t be much of a Star Wars movie if she didn’t.) It’s funny; The Last Jedi still feels largely theoretical to me, but the press tour for the movie is already underway; make sure you follow director Rian Johnson on Instagram for some cool updates from his travels around the world. (He’s taking pictures of every journalist he talks to, and every press conference and event he attends.) The film’s official plot synopsis: In Lucasfilm’s Star Wars: The Last Jedi, the Skywalker saga continues as the heroes of The Force Awakens join the galactic legends in an epic adventure that unlocks age-old mysteries of the Force and shocking revelations of the past. Star Wars: The Last Jedi opens in theaters on December 15. Gallery - Amazing Star Wars Concept Art: More ‘Star Wars: The Last Jedi’ TV Spots Source: New ‘Star Wars: The Last Jedi’ Spot Invites You to Choose Your Own Path Filed Under: elsewhere, mark hamill, Movies, preview, Star Wars, trailer Categories: Elsewhere	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line809
__label__wiki	0.89107	0.89107	Home » Assault » ‘Pregnant woman, 32, her unborn child both survive after she was pushed off a 111ft tall cliff by husband!’ Debt-ridden Yu Xiaodong, 33, wanted to ‘inherit his wife’s $3.28 million fortune’ ‘Pregnant woman, 32, her unborn child both survive after she was pushed off a 111ft tall cliff by husband!’ Debt-ridden Yu Xiaodong, 33, wanted to ‘inherit his wife’s $3.28 million fortune’ Posted on June 19, 2019 by konniemoments in Assault, Crime, Domestic Violence, News, World // 0 Comments A Chinese woman who is three months pregnant, survived a 111 foot fall in the Pha Taem National Park in Thailand’s Ubon Ratchathani province on June 9, as did her child 32-year-old Wang Nan, sustained fractures in her left thigh, arm, collar bone and knees. Her unborn child was unharmed The pregnant woman was pushed off a cliff by her debt-ridden husband so that ‘he could inherit her $3.28 million fortune’ The Chinese woman later recanted the account of events she initially gave officers that she had fallen off the cliff after passing out Wang said she was forced to lie to police as her husband threatened to kill her and refused to leave her side in hospital while she was receiving treatment Husband, Yu Xiaodong, 33, was arrested when he went to visit her in hospital after his wife recanted Investigators said all of the couple’s assets belonged to Wang while the husband came from a poor family, he later accumulated a large debt which the wife only agreed to defray half Pregnant Wang Nan, is seen on the ground receiving treatment after being pushed off a cliff by her husband in the Pha Taem National Park in Thailand’s Ubon Ratchathani province on June 9 while they were visiting Thailand from China A man from China has been arrested for allegedly trying to murder his pregnant wife by pushing her off a cliff during their trip in Thailand, reports The Nation. Wang Nan, 32, who is three months pregnant, survived the nearly 112 foot fall in the Pha Taem National Park in Ubon Ratchathani province on June 9, but sustained fractures in her left thigh, arm, collar bone and knees. Her unborn child was unharmed. Wang initially told officers that she had fallen off the cliff after passing out. However, police in Thailand suspected foul play in the incident. Following an investigation, Wang finally provided a new account and accused her husband of attempting to kill her because he wanted her fortune Following an investigation, Wang Nan finally provided a new account and accusing her husband, Yu Xiaodong [photo], of pushing her off the cliff because he wanted her $3.28 million to pay off his debts Following an investigation, Wang finally provided a new account and accused her husband, Yu Xiaodong, 33, of pushing her off the cliff because he wanted her fortune of 100 million baht [$3.28 million] to pay off his debts. Pol Colonel Charnchai Innara, commander of the Khong Chiam district police station, said they found the husband suspicious after noticing him standing at a distance from the scene as rescuers helped his wife after the fall. An interpreter also overhead Wang saying to her husband at hospital: ‘Why did you do that to me?’ The woman later told officers that she was unable to tell her story earlier because her husband wouldn’t leave her side while she was receiving treatment, according to the report. ‘Why did you did you do that to me?’ A cop overheard Wan tell her husband at the scene. Police said they found the husband suspicious after noticing him standing off at a distance as first responders attended to his injured his wife at the scene of the fall Wang Nan is three months pregnant, survived the 111-feet fall but sustained fractures in her left thigh, arm, collar bone and knees. Her unborn child was unharmed Wang Nan acknowledged to investigators that she was unable to tell her story earlier because her husband [in gray tee shirt], wouldn’t leave her side while she was receiving treatment. The woman later told officers that she was unable to tell her story earlier because her husband wouldn’t leave her side while she was receiving treatment, according to the report He threatened to kill her if she had told police what happened, Wang claimed. A tourist found her lying wounded on a trail in the park after she had tumbled down the cliff. She and her unborn child miraculously survived after her fall was broken by trees, officer Charnchai said. Police arrested Yu at the Sapphasitthiprasong Hospital in Muang district when he visited his wife on Monday. The couple, from east China’s Jiangsu province, were in Thailand doing business and decided to take a trip to the park, famous for its rock formation. A Tourists the victim found her lying wounded on a trail in the park after she had tumbled down the cliff. Wang Nan and her unborn child miraculously survived after her fall was broken by trees, police said Yu Xiaodong was arrested at Sapphasitthiprasong Hospital in Muang district while visiting his his wife there on Monday. The couple, from China’s Jiangsu province were on a business trip to Thailand and decided to take a trip to the Pha Taem National Park [photo]. Wang was found by another tourist lying on the park trail Police investigators said all of the couple’s assets belonged to Wang while the husband came from a poor family. He later accumulated a large amount of debt and asked Wang to help him replay it, but she only agreed to pay half. Police are now seeking a court’s approval to extend Yu’s detention amid further investigations. He has denied the allegations of attempted murder.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line811
__label__wiki	0.526118	0.526118	Kansas Milesplit Kendra Wait of Gardner Edgerton, Wins Kansas Gatorade POY KS Milesplit Staff 2018 - 2019 KANSAS GIRLS TRACK & FIELDPLAYER OF THE YEAR SPRINTS/THROWS GARDNER EDGERTON HS GARDNER, KANSAS HEIGHT: 5-FOOT-10 HIGHLIGHTED STATS "Kendra is immensely talented, hard-working and methodical in her approach to training, but what really sets her apart is a fierce competitive desire to win. I'm especially impressed with her versatility. She readily transitions to whatever event we need her in for the sake of our team performance." Larry Ward Head Coach - Gardner Edgerton coach The 5-foot-10 sophomore earned two individual victories at the Class 6A state meet this past season, winning the 100-meter dash with a time of 12.04 seconds and hurling the shot put 42 feet, 11.75 inches. Wait also placed second in the pole vault and finished fourth in the 200. Wait has maintained a weighted 4.24 GPA in the classroom. She will begin her junior year of high school this fall. EXEMPLARY CHARACTER Wait has volunteered locally on behalf of the Special Olympics, food-donation drives and youth volleyball clinics. GARDNER EDGERTON HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT-ATHLETE NAMED GATORADE KANSAS GIRLS TRACK & FIELD PLAYER OF THE YEAR CHICAGO (June 20, 2019) - In its 34th year of honoring the nation's best high school athletes, The Gatorade Company today announced Kendra Wait of Gardner Edgerton High School as its 2018-19 Gatorade Kansas Girls Track & Field Athlete of the Year. Wait is the first Gatorade Kansas Girls Track & Field Athlete of the Year to be chosen from Gardner Edgerton High School. The award, which recognizes not only outstanding athletic excellence, but also high standards of academic achievement and exemplary character demonstrated on and off the track, distinguishes Wait as Kansas' best high school girls track & field athlete. Now a finalist for the prestigious Gatorade National Girls Track & Field Athlete of the Year award to be announced in June, Wait joins an elite alumni association of state track & field award-winners, including Lolo Jones (1997-98, Roosevelt High School, Iowa), Allyson Felix (2002-03, Los Angeles Baptist High School, Calif.), Robert Griffin III (2006-07, Copperas Cove High School, Texas), Grant Fisher (2013-14 & 2014-15, Grand Blanc High School, Mich.) and Candace Hill (2014-15, Rockdale County High School, Ga.). Wait has volunteered locally on behalf of the Special Olympics, food-donation drives and youth volleyball clinics. "Kendra is immensely talented, hard-working and methodical in her approach to training, but what really sets her apart is a fierce competitive desire to win," said Gardner Edgerton High School coach Larry Ward. "I'm especially impressed with her versatility. She readily transitions to whatever event we need her in for the sake of our team performance." Wait has maintained a weighted 4.24 GPA in the classroom. She will begin her junior year of high school this fall. The Gatorade Player of the Year program annually recognizes one winner in the District of Columbia and each of the 50 states that sanction high school football, girls volleyball, boys and girls cross country, boys and girls basketball, boys and girls soccer, baseball, softball, and boys and girls track & field, and awards one National Player of the Year in each sport. From the 12 national winners, one male and one female athlete are each named Gatorade High School Athlete of the Year. In all, 607 athletes are honored each year. Wait joins recent Gatorade Kansas Girls Track & Field Athletes of the Year Dana Baker (2017-18, Olathe North High School), Cailie Logue (2016-17 & 2015-16, Girard High School), and Keiryn Swenson (2014-15 & 2013-14, Maize High School) among the state's list of former award winners. Kansan Track/XC Archetypes: Christian Smith, The Greatest Story You've Never Heard Mar 7, 2018 Thanks Seniors! MileSplit Salutes State's Grads Jul 3, 2019 Kansas's Fastest Freshmen XC Runners Sep 19, 2018 2019 Girls' Returning Outdoor Rankings - Field Events Dec 20, 2018 Getting to know: Joe Fisher - Aurburn Jr. - 2011 Valley Center Grad Jan 4, 2014 Tweets by KansasMileSplit MileSplit Kansas Editor: Jim Madison , jmadison@milesplit.com Generated by 10.1.2.249 fresh in 32 milliseconds	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line814
__label__wiki	0.693451	0.693451	Career Exploration with Personalized Support Jackson’s Office of Career Services is here to guide you along your path to a meaningful career - every step of the way. Career Services and Jobs Tuition & Funding Recent MA graduates have been successful in landing impressive positions in the United States and abroad. Examples of some of these positions include research assistant at the Federal Reserve Board, company commander for the U.S. Army, analyst at Dalberg Global Development Advisory in South Africa, senior associate at the Global Impact Investing Network, senior policy associate at the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, and community lead for Eurasia for the World Economic Forum. Learn more about the jobs our graduates have taken after Yale. Career Services at Jackson The master’s program is a core aspect of the Institute and for the Career Services Office at Jackson. The following are programs offered for M.A. Global Affairs’ students in addition to the programs offered to all students: Jackson M.A. student networking trips to New York City and Washington, D.C. Advising and application review Mock interviewing opportunities Networking and career building workshops Small group dinners following featured speaker talks Summer events in New York City, D.C., and London Yale's Office of Career Strategy As students of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Jackson M.A. students have full access to graduate student programs and resources provided by the Office of Career Strategy. Students are encouraged to become familiar with the Symplicity system to apply for jobs and sign up for career events on campus. Learn more The Summer Experience Tweets by JacksonYale	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line815
__label__wiki	0.527743	0.527743	Category Archives: Kawabata Yasunari The Sound of the Mountain by Yasunari Kawabata (tr. Edward G. Seidensticker) The Japanese writer Yasunari Kawabata is perhaps best known for Snow Country, the story of a doomed love affair between a wealthy city-based man and an innocent young geisha who lives in a remote area by the mountains. It is a work of great poetic beauty and subtlety – and yet there is something strange and elusive about this novella, a quality that makes it hard to pin down. The same could be said of The Sound of the Mountain, written in the early fifties and translated into English in 1970. Once again, I find myself being drawn into a world that feels so different from my own, delicately conveyed like the brushstrokes of a watercolour painting. The novel focuses on Ogata Shingo, a sixty-two-year old man who lives with his wife, Yasuko, in the city of Kamakura, just south of Tokyo. After thirty years, any feelings of love or passion have long since disappeared from the couple’s marriage, leaving Shingo preoccupied with a number of things – mostly concerns about his family, the inexorable march of time and his failing memory. There is a sense that life is gradually slipping away from Shingo; the world around him is changing and not necessarily for the better. In this scene, he has just been struggling to do up his tie. Why should he suddenly this morning have forgotten a process he had repeated every morning through the forty years of his office career? His hands should have moved automatically. He should have been able to tie his tie without even thinking. It seemed to Shingo that he faced a collapse, a loss of self. (p. 195) Shingo is at an age where several of his contemporaries are succumbing to various illnesses, some of which end in death – a strong sense of loss pervades throughout the novel. Moreover, there are times, especially at night, when Shingo is visited by the sound of the mountain, a distant rumble that seems to suggest that his own passing might not be too far away. It was like wind, far away, but with a depth like a rumbling of the earth. Thinking that it might be in himself, a ringing in the ears, Shingo shook his head. The sound stopped, and he was suddenly afraid. A chill passed over him, as if he had been notified that death was approaching. He wanted to question himself, calmly and deliberately, to ask whether it had been the sound of the wind, the sound of the sea, or a sound in his ears. But he had heard no such sound, he was sure. He had heard the mountain. (p. 4) Also living with Shingo and Yasuko are their wayward, unsympathetic son, Shuichi and his long-suffering wife, Kikuko, a beautiful, sensitive young woman who represents the main source of brightness in Shingo’s life. In short, she reminds Shingo of Yasuko’s sister, the long-lost love of his youth who died before he decided to get married. Kikuko was for him a window looking out of a gloomy house. His blood kin were not as he would wish them to be, and if they were not able to live as they themselves wished to live, then the impact of the blood relation became leaden and oppressive. His daughter-in-law brought relief. (p. 25) Even though he has only been married to Kikuko few years, Shuichi already has a mistress, Kinu, whom he visits after work, frequently leaving Shingo to travel home alone from the Tokyo office where the two men are based. Like Shingo himself, Kikuko also feels rather lonely and isolated in her life. In the absence her husband, she enjoys Shingo’s company, helping him to unwind on his return from the city. That said, there is nothing overtly sexual about Shingo’s relationship with Kikuko; for the most part, it seems more a case of mutual respect coupled with a deep sense of empathy. In other words, their attraction is predominantly spiritual rather than physical. Nevertheless, there are occasions when Shingo’s fondness for his daughter-in-law starts to raise questions in his mind. There was an undercurrent running through his life the abnormality that made Shingo, drawn to Yasuko’s sister, marry Yasuko, a year his senior, upon the sister’s death; was it exacerbated by Kikuko? (p. 78) Yasuko, for her part, is more forthright than Shingo, and she urges her husband to tackle Shuichi head-on over his affair and subsequent neglect of Kikuko. Furthermore, Yasuko believes her husband to be soft, particularly in his favouritism for Shuichi over their other child, Fusako. Shingo, however, has a tendency to procrastinate over familial relationships, preferring instead to avoid any unnecessary conflict. That’s not to say that he doesn’t feel guilty about his lack of intervention here – in fact, he feels it very deeply – but in spite of this, he allows the situation to fester. This same sense of procrastination also characterises Shingo’s relationship with his rather disagreeable daughter, Fusako, who has recently come back to the Ogata family home following the breakdown of her own marriage. Moreover, Fusako has two young children in tow: a petulant toddler who clearly takes after her mother, and a more placid baby who spends most of her time asleep. Once again, guilt-ridden passivity is the order of the day as Shingo opts to let matters run their natural course. He knew that as her father he should step forward to give Fusako advice; but she was thirty and married, and matters are not simple for fathers in such cases. It would not be easy to accommodate a woman with two children. A decision was postponed from day to day, as if the principals were all waiting for nature to take its course. (p. 25) Kawabata paints a very nuanced portrait of Shingo here, a man troubled by the tensions and difficulties in the relationships that surround him, especially those in the modern world of post-war Japan. One feels great sympathy for this individual in spite of the inherent flaws and shortcomings in his character – after all, we are all human with our own particular weaknesses and failings. Central to the novel is the question of how much responsibility a parent should take for the happiness of his or her children, particularly where their marriages are concerned. As the consequences of complications in Shuichi’s and Fusako’s respective marriages unfold, Shingo finds himself haunted by a sense of guilt. While he tries to do the right thing, especially for Kikuko and Shuichi, a number of unanswered questions continue to prey on his mind. How many times would Kikuko, now in her early twenties, have to forgive Shuichi before she had lived with him to the ages of Shingo and Yasuko? Would there be no limit to her forgiving? A marriage was like a dangerous marsh, sucking in endlessly the misdeeds of the partners. Kinu’s love for Shuichi. Shingo’s love for Kikuko – would they disappear without trace in the swamp that was Shuichi’s and Kikuko’s marriage? (p. 96) All in all, this is a beautiful, delicate novel laced with a sense of longing for the past, a time when human relations and emotions seemed more straightforward, certainly as far as Shingo is concerned. In several respects, I was reminded of The Gate by Natsume Söseki, a story of urban angst in early 20th-century Japan which I wrote about last year. At first sight, The Sound of the Mountain might seem a relatively uneventful story of an ordinary Japanese family trying to get by from one day to the next. Nevertheless, in reality, there is a lot going on here; we just have to tune in to the author’s rhythm to see it. The book also contains some lovely writing on the natural world. A majestic display of sunflowers in neighbouring gardens; a flock of buntings taking flight; the sight of fresh buds on a Gingko tree – all of these things represent moments of beauty and simplicity in Shingo’s life. For more reviews of Japanese literature, see Dolce Bellezza’s event which is running to the end of the year. The Sound of the Mountain is published by Penguin Books; personal copy. This entry was posted in Book Reviews, Kawabata Yasunari and tagged #TranslationThurs, Book Review, Classics Club, Edward G. Seidensticker, Fiction, Japan, Literature in Translation, Penguin Books, Penguin Modern Classics, Yasunari Kawabata on October 10, 2017 by JacquiWine. Beauty and Sadness by Yasunari Kawabata (review) A few years ago I read Kawabata’s Snow Country, a delicate and restrained story of a relationship between a Japanese man and a geisha living in the snowy mountains. It’s a beautiful novella, and with Tony’s January in Japan event well underway, the time was right for me to try another by this author. First published in 1975, Beauty and Sadness opens with a journey: a trip by train and a journey into the past. Oki, an author in his mid-fifties, is travelling by train from to Kyoto to hear the New Year’s Eve bells. For some time he has been tempted by the prospect of being in Kyoto to hear the ‘living sound’ of the old temple bells, an event he usually listens to on the radio. But Oki has another reason for journeying to Kyoto: he longs to reconnect with his former lover, Otoko, a woman he has not seen for more than twenty years, a woman he still loves. What were memories? What was the past that he remembered so clearly? When Otoko moved to Kyoto with her mother, Oki was sure they had parted. Yet had they, really? He could not escape the pain of having spoiled her life, possibly of having robbed her of every chance for happiness. But what had she thought of him as she spent all those lonely years? The Otoko of his memories was the most passionate woman he had ever known. And did not the vividness even now of those memories mean that she was not separated from him? (pg. 11) At the age of fifteen Otoko fell in love with Oki, who was married with a young son at the time of the affair. Otoko fell pregnant, but her baby was born prematurely only to die shortly after the birth. As a result, Otoko experienced a breakdown attempting to take her own life in the process. Once the girl had recovered, her mother moved the family to Kyoto in an effort to put some distance between the two former lovers. These events were very painful for Otoko and to this day she remains haunted by the loss of Oki and their baby. Oki, on the other hand, turned their story into a novel, A Girl of Sixteen, causing tension and pain to his own family as a result. The novel, which featured an idealised vision of Otoko, remains Oki’s most successful work. Praised by critics and loved by readers, the book could be considered a double-edged sword. While the novel’s proceeds helped fund an education for Oki’s children, the story itself has left its mark on his wife. Returning to the present, Otoko (now aged thirty-nine) is a successful artist living in Kyoto with her young protégé, fellow artist and lover, Keiko. During Oki’s visit to Kyoto, he meets with Otoko and Keiko. When we are first introduced to Keiko, there are hints of darkness in her personality: Oki considers her to be ‘disturbingly beautiful’, a description which reappears during the story. Alongside this, Otoko’s portrayal of Keiko’s artistic style reinforces an unsettling sense of imbalance: ‘She does abstract paintings in a style all her own. They’re so passionate they often seem a little mad. But I’m quite taken with them; I envy her. You can see her tremble as she paints.’ (pg. 13) Despite her relationship with Keiko, Otoko still harbours deep feelings for Oki. Aware of Otoko’s history with Oki, Keiko sets out to gain revenge on Oki and his family for the pain and hurt he has caused Otoko. Consequently, Keiko attempts to insert herself between the two former lovers, and when Otoko realises what is happening this only serves to rekindle her old love for Oki: Their love was like a dreamlike flower that not even Keiko could stain. (pg. 85) As the story progresses, it becomes clear that Keiko’s destructive actions will have ramifications for all. She sets out to seduce Oki; his son, Taichiro, is drawn into her web. Even Otoko may succumb. The Keiko who seemed to be under her control had turned into some strange creature attacking her. Keiko had said she would take revenge on Oki for her sake, but to Otoko it seemed Keiko was taking revenge on her. (pg. 76) Beauty and Sadness is another subtle and poignant novella from Kawabata. On the surface, the author appears to use the lightest of brushstrokes in his writing, but the emotions in this story run deep. The intense pain of loss is echoed by the melancholy sound of the temple bells. Rarely has a book’s title captured the tone of its story so perfectly. The writing is exquisite. One of the things I love about this novella is the way Kawabata draws on Otoko’s and Keiko’s art as means of illustrating their feelings. At one point in the story, Otoko expresses a desire to paint a tea plantation – this harks back to her memories of the period following her separation from Oki, a time when she travelled by rail between Tokyo and Kyoto. As she looked at tea fields from the train window, the sadness of parting from Oki suddenly weighed heavily on her: She could not say why these rather inconspicuous green slopes had so touched her heart, when along the railway line there were mountains, lakes, the sea –at time even clouds dyed in sentimental colours. But perhaps their melancholy green, and the melancholy evening shadows of the ridges across them, had brought on the pain. (pg. 36) As I touched on earlier, Keiko’s art also captures a sense of her personality. Here’s a description of Plum Tree, one of two paintings she leaves with Oki’s family as an ominous gift for Otoko’s former lover. It features a single plum blossom with both red and white petals, each of the red petals painted in ‘an odd combination of dark and light shades of red’: The shape of this large plum blossom was not especially distorted, but it gave no impression of being a static decorative design. A strange apparition seemed to be swaying back and forth. It looked as if it were really swaying. Perhaps that was because of the background, which at first Oki had taken for thick, overlapping sheets of ice and then on closer inspection had seen as a range of snowy mountains. […] The background might be an image of Keiko’s own feeling. Even if you took it as cascading snowy mountains it was not a cold snow-white. The cold of the snow and its warm color made a kind of music. The snow was not a uniform white, many colors seemed to be harmonised in it. It had the same tonality as the variations of red and white in the blossom’s petals. Whether you thought of the picture as cold or warm, the plum blossom throbbed with the youthful emotions of the painter. (pg. 29) That’s a long quote, but I hope it gives a flavour of Kawabata’s style and the way he uses imagery and colour within the story. By so doing, he leaves some scope for the reader to draw their own interpretation from the picture. This powerful story touches on the dark side of desire, repressed passions and the complex nature of our relationship with love. As the narrative builds, there is a sense of foreboding; the ending is devastating and poignant leaving the reader to imagine the reverberations to come. Like Snow Country, this is a nuanced novella, one I’d like to reread. I’ll finish with a final passage I liked; Kawabata captures the landscape and light so beautifully and once again his prose has the feel of a painting. As the colours mingle, the images emerge as if painted in a watercolour: The glow spread high in the western sky. The richness of the purple made him wonder if there might be a thin bank of clouds. A purple sunset was most unusual. There were subtle graduations of color from dark to light, as if blended by trailing a wide brush across wet rice paper. The softness of the purple implied the coming of spring. At one place the haze was pink. That seems to be where the sun was setting. (pg. 16) Beauty and Sadness (tr. by Howard S. Hibbert) is published in the UK by Penguin Classics. Source: personal copy. Book 7/20 in my #TBR20. This entry was posted in Book Reviews, Kawabata Yasunari and tagged #TBR20, #TranslationThurs, Book Review, Fiction, Howard S. Hibbert, January in Japan, Japan, Literature in Translation, Penguin Classics, Yasunari Kawabata on January 28, 2015 by JacquiWine.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line816
__label__wiki	0.609872	0.609872	Susan Abbott Susan Abbott is a 65+ lesbian painter and poet who lives in Desert Hot Springs with her partner of 44 yrs., Dee dee Bloom. She worked for many years in health care settings, the last decade of which was as an interdisciplinary interfaith hospice chaplain for people in the end stages of Alzheimer’s and other dementia. She grew up outside of Boston and was involved in the founding of the Elizabeth Stone House. She is a graduate of San Francisco State University (BA), University of California-Berkeley (MA), and Starr King School for the Ministry (M.Div.). Her poetry chapbook “Nasty Woman Rise: The Dream and The Curse” was published by Cholla Needles in 2017. She is a contributor to “Feckless Cunt – A Feminist Anthology” edited by Susan Rukeyser and published by World Split Open Press (Sept. 2018). Susan is a member of the Artists Colony of Morongo Valley and the Morongo Basin Cultural Arts Council and will be participating in this year’s Hwy 62 Open Studio Art Tours in October. Visit her Facebook arts page at Susan Abbott Watercolors or on Instagram @smtabbott.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line824
__label__cc	0.636112	0.363888	Off With That Light (off the camera, that is) {New Braunfels Wedding Photography} My clients sometimes ask me why I do what I do. For example, "Why do you run around like a crazy person putting that thing all over the place?" as I move my light from one corner to the next often tripping over my own feet in the process. "I'm making magic," I tell them. "I got mad ninja lighting skills." I typically get blank stares and rolled eyes. They aren't convinced but at least they stay out of the way and they do eventually get used to various strobes firing in various locations. Sometimes startling people and making babies cry (sorry about that little one). But there is a method to my madness. You see photography is literally the "study of light". And most people are just comfortable using the light on their camera. That's fine and dandy. It's a good way to light a scene and show you what's going on and I often use that method to document a scene. It's safe. But most people leave the light on their camera all the time and get by. I'm not most people. To me photography is a delicate balance of light and shadow. It's brightness meeting darkness and combining in a magical dance of poetry. So I'll often taken the light off the camera and put it somewhere else. Sometimes it's a miserable failure of nightmarish shadows and blown out faces. Good thing there's a delete button. But when I succeed, my lovely clients oohh and aahh and say "how did you do that?" So today I'm going to share a few images of off camera magic. It's often a simple technique of trial and error. Take a look below. In the below image, the strobe is off camera and to the rear of model on my right. The one below was actually shot with two lights, neither of them on the camera. Each was about 45 degrees to either side of me in between me and this lovely couple. Shooting with multiple light sources give dimension to a scene. Notice in the comparison below how the scene shot with one light on the camera appears more flat while the image shot with one light behind the couple and one light on the camera has more depth and appears more 3-dimensional so to speak. It's fun to play with lighting and I'm always eager to try new set-ups and new techniques. Like I said, there's always that delete button. The Latest Trend in Wedding Photography -- Bring Rover {New Braunfels Wedding Photography} When I got married many years ago my family and friends laughed at me when I suggested I include my sweet kitty in my bridal or wedding photos. "Absolutely not," said my parents. It was just the latest in a long list of silly things that I wanted that society frowned up and I was told no. Don't get me started! But today's brides have decided that anything goes. It's their big day, it's their bridal photo session. Why can't they bring their best friend and include him or her in their wedding or bridal photos. And they're right! I admit that I see dogs and horses brought along on more engagement sessions than bridals, but I have to say I really love them in bridals. Beautiful girl in long white dress with a slobbery animal. They won't let dirt or mud near them in that dress, but hand them slobbery puppy mess and all is right with the world. I've gotten quite experienced with photographing animals the past few months while working with the Humane Society for their 2014 Pin-ups for Paws calendar, I'll blog about that later! So I don't blink an eye when a pristine bride in white pulls out a doggie treat and says "mind of I call over Spot for a few shots?" The happy couple often jointly adopt some of these animals. They're becoming a family and that family includes their animals so why not include them in their photos. Labels: dogs at weddings, new braunfels wedding photography Welcome to my 15 minutes {New Braunfels Pin-up Photography} What's that old expression? "Everyone gets their 15 minutes of fame." I think Andy Warhol first said it, or something like it. But nevertheless, I got my 15 minutes on Saturday and it lasted a whole day. That's the day I was featured above the fold on the front page of the New Braunfels Herald-Zeitung. So it's not People magazine, but that's okay. Everything in good time. It's a step up from my old column in the Brenham Banner Press where I wrote ad nauseam about things that aren't really all that important. And it's certainly better than the old days of patrolling the police beat for the Temple Daily Telegram, where I might get a byline for writing a story about a purse snatching. No, it's better than that! This time I got my face plastered on news stands all over town, with my hair and make-up rocking in vintage style thanks to my friend Laura Myers. And I got the photo credit as well. And that's not all, oh no that's not all. They printed my press release practically word for word. How's that for a triple threat!? The story is all about the calendar I've been working on to raise funds for the New Braunfels Humane Society. I'll blog more about that later. I'm really excited about it and can't wait to share more of the pin-up images I made for it. But all in good time. So halfway through the morning, after enjoying a cappuccino at the breakfast table and perusing my story, I meandered out to my local Pilot gas station to pick up more copies of it. While checking out my two additional copies of the newspaper I noticed the lady rang me up for just one. "Excuse me, I'm getting two issues of this paper, not one." I said as I pointed to my face on the front page. "You may wonder why I'm getting two instead of one and it's because that's me, right there on the front page above the fold." The lady looked at the paper and she looked back up at me. "Were you Alice?" she said. "Excuse me," I said. "No I'm Lisa." "I mean are you Alice in that play, Alice in Wonderland?" she said. "And that's why you're on the cover." "Well no, I'm not in a play. I'm a cover girl like the headline says. I'm a model. And a writer. And a photographer too." I said. "It's sort of a big deal." She shrugged her shoulders and told me to have a nice day. She didn't ask for my autograph, but that's okay. As I said, all in good time. Today's paper has something boring above the fold about the city council raising taxes or something like that. My issue was so much nicer. And because I'm feeling generous and don't think I should make you go all the way to the newspaper office to pick up a back issue, I shall print the original press release right here. Pin-ups for Paws Calendar Raises Funds for New Braunfels Humane Society New Braunfels is already buzzing about the production of an unconventional pin-up calendar featuring models and pets to raise much needed funds for the New Braunfels Humane Society. The calendar has generated excitement along with a few disapproving comments on the Society's Facebook page in recent weeks. But most of the response has been overwhelmingly positive, says Amanda Craig, vice president for the board of directors of the society. The full calendar will be unveiled at Billy's Ice House on October 5 at 6 pm. The models, photographer, and some of the pets featured will be on hand to sign autographs and meet and greet supporters of the calendar. The society got 60 new likes on their page in one day when someone made negative comments about the calendar on a local New Braunfels e-mail list. And dozens of Facebook users jumped in line to purchase a calendar, Craig said. The calendar will feature 12 local businesses, one for each month, and 15 models from New Braunfels and the surrounding areas. “The calendar project is different from other fundraisers because not one dollar was taken from our funds to make it happen. Usually there are some upfront costs associated with this type of thing,” said Craig. “Twelve local business each purchased a calendar month which gave us the needed funds for production and printing.” The pin-ups were photographed by Lisa Elliott Blaschke of Lisa on Location Photography, who donated all her time and talents to the project. Blaschke incorporated classic pin-up style by studying some of the master pin-up artists of the mid 20th century. She also worked with the sponsors to incorporate their ideas as well to create one-of-a-kind pin-up art representing each business, Blaschke said. The pin-up images are family friendly, she said. All of the models are volunteers and the animals featured came from the shelter or were the pets of models, board members and sponsors. “People came from all around to help us make this a reality and we are deeply grateful to each and every one,” Craig said. The calendar has already pre-sold a large percentage of the 500-copy print run. Calendars can be ordered for $20 through the society's Facebook page www.facebook.com/hsnbainc Brigete Bardot once said “I gave my beauty and youth to men. I am going to give my wisdom and experience to animals,” said Craig. “In our case we drew from the wisdom and experience of an amazing group of people. We combined that with the beauty of adorable animals and put it all in a 12X12 calendar that is sure to raise both funds and awareness for our shelter. I think Bardot would be proud.” Long Veils: Number 3 on my list of things that make me happy at a bridal session! {New Braunfels Wedding Photogrpahy} That's just an estimate. It may be number 4 or 5ish, but it's definitely in the top 10 of things that make me giddy when I arrive at a bridal session. Number 1 is of course animals taking part in the session, but that's for another blog another day. Most brides prefer the short veils, if they use a veil at all. And that's fine and dandy too. The shorter veils are easier to handle. They don't get in the way. They don't snag on the ground, but the also don't get caught in the wind or wrap around the dress, or flow and fly in a dramatic fashion with just the right light. So yes, I love the long veils. Posted by lisaonlocation at 8:55 AM 0 comments Off With That Light (off the camera, that is) {New... The Latest Trend in Wedding Photography -- Bring R... Welcome to my 15 minutes {New Braunfels Pin-up Pho... Long Veils: Number 3 on my list of things that mak...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line829
__label__wiki	0.890943	0.890943	10 Suspected Cases Of Real Political Cannibalism David Dee January 22, 2018 0 Some politicians like to talk big and threaten to “have their opponents for lunch.” But how many people really have the guts to put the political flesh where their mouth is? Incredibly, more than we’d like to believe. Here are 10 times when individuals in positions of power were suspected of engaging in cannibalism or became victims of it themselves or through their families. In all cases, it is truly as disgusting as it sounds. 10 Lon Nil Cooked And Eaten By Angry Cambodian Mob Photo via Wikimedia In 1970, a coup took place in Cambodia that removed Prince Norodom Sihanouk as the head of state and installed Cheng Heng. Directly below him was his prime minister, Lon Nol (pictured above), who became head of state in 1972. The coup was littered with casualties on both sides. One of the highest-profile deaths was that of Lon Nil—Lon Nol’s brother. It occurred on March 28, 1970, as a direct result of Sihanouk’s public decree for Cambodians to revolt against the country’s new governing power. This led to riots within the city of Kampong Cham. As a result, Lon Nol sent his brother to scope out the situation. Soon after arriving, Lon Nil was beaten to death by a mob of Sihanouk loyalists in a central marketplace. It’s believed that his chest was ripped open and his liver removed and prepared in a nearby Chinese restaurant. Members of the mob then ate the organ, apparently to “express their extreme anger” toward Lon Nol. It’s also been suggested that there were spiritual reasons for the cannibalism. The Khmer Rouge often ate human flesh, believing the liver to be a particularly potent source of strength. Eventually, Lon Nol was successful in suppressing the demonstrations in Kampong Cham. However, the Khmer Rouge seized power in Cambodia in 1975, sending Nol into exile.[1] 9 Johan And Cornelis De Witt Ambushed And Eaten By Dutch Peasants Photo credit: executedtoday.com In Dutch history, there was a year so bad that it’s broadly referred to as Rampjaar. In English, it’s the disaster year, marked on the calendar as 1672. At the time, the man at the top of the Dutch political totem pole was Johan de Witt. Along with his brother, Cornelis, Johan was largely blamed for the crisis. On June 21, 1672, Johan was badly wounded in a knife attack. He was removed from office that August. Soon after, Cornelis was accused of plotting to assassinate Willem III of the House of Orange. Cornelis was arrested on treason charges and, after initial torture, ordered into exile. When Johan went to visit Cornelis in prison shortly before his planned departure, the duo was savagely beaten and shot by an organized militia.[2] Their brothers’ bodies were left on display for the general public. It’s strongly believed that the frenzied mob ripped the de Witt brothers to shreds and then ate the body parts, including the men’s livers and eyes. 8 Victor Biaka Boda Wanders Off The Road And Is Never Seen Again Photo credit: ayidjrinkaaba.mondoblog.org Victor Biaka Boda was elected to the French Senate in 1948, representing the Democratic Party of Cote d’Ivoire. Soon after his election, the party was actively targeted by the overseas French powers and suppressed. Most likely, the date of Boda’s death was January 28, 1950. However, the circumstances of his demise remain a broader mystery. It’s known that his car broke down while traveling through the city of Bouafle. While his driver made the necessary repairs, Boda wandered off. He never returned. Boda’s possessions, along with bones, were found that November. The remains were never positively identified as Boda’s. However, it’s been popularly speculated that he was eaten by his constituents. This appears to have originated from a satirical article in a French newspaper, suggesting that the whole thing could be made up.[3] Boda did die, though. So something did happen when he wandered off the road. His death was officially recorded in 1953. 7 Jean-Bedel Bokassa Accused Of Keeping Enemies’ Corpses Hung Up In Cold Storage Photo credit: National Archives Jean-Bedel Bokassa ruled over the Central African Republic (briefly renamed the Central African Empire) from 1966 until 1979, when he was overthrown. After spending seven years exiled in France, Bokassa returned to face trial. His rap sheet is long and bloody, including the murder of over 100 schoolchildren and acts of cannibalism. Bokassa downplayed the charges, testifying, “I’m not a saint. I’m just a man like everyone else.” David Dacko was overthrown by Bokassa and then reinstated after Bokassa’s reign. Dacko said that human flesh had been found in Bokassa’s fridge, “trussed up and ready for roasting.”[4] Ultimately, charges of cannibalism couldn’t be proven beyond a reasonable doubt. However, Bokassa was convicted of all other charges and sentenced to death. In 1988, the decision was overturned by President Kolingba, who commuted Bokassa’s sentence to life imprisonment in solitary confinement. A general amnesty for all prisoners was declared in 1993, making Bokassa a free man once again. 6 Samuel Doe Dismembered To Prove That He Wasn’t Protected By Black Magic Photo credit: Frank Hall Samuel Doe was the president of Liberia from 1980 to 1990. He seized power through a coup d’etat, which resulted in the swift death of then-President William Tolbert Jr. The men in Tolbert’s inner circle were displayed in their underwear before their public executions. To stay in power, Doe is believed to have rigged elections and ordered the massacre of over 600 people inside a church. He also publicly supported America’s Cold War policies and severed Liberia’s ties with both Libya and the Soviet Union. In return, Doe received US financial aid. President Doe was overthrown in 1990 during another coup. He was captured and videotaped in his underwear as still-active Liberian politician Prince Johnson sat at a desk, drinking beer. Johnson ordered his men to cut off Doe’s ears, fingers, and toes to demonstrate that, contrary to popular belief, he was not protected by black magic. Then Doe was decapitated. Allegations persist that Johnson and his men ate parts of Doe’s body at some point. However, Johnson, who now serves as senior senator from Nimba County, has strongly denied the allegations. He’s quoted as saying, “The Nimbaians are not cannibals. Even if I was a cannibal, I did not eat Doe because he was embalmed with chemicals for 25 years.”[5] 5 Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo Accused Of Wanting To Eat His Enemies’ Testicles Photo credit: Amanda Lucidon Teodor Obiang Nguema Mbasogo has served as president of Equatorial Guinea since 1979. Naturally, for one man to lead for that long, there have been strong elements of a dictatorship. Opposition is routinely suppressed. In fact, Equatorial Guinea only has one proper political party—Mbasogo’s Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea. No other parties are allowed to gain momentum. Mbasogo is quoted as saying, “What right does the opposition have to criticize the actions of a government?” In 2003, one of President Mbasogo’s aides declared on national radio, “He can decide to kill without anyone calling him to account and without going to hell because it is God Himself, with whom he is in permanent contact, and who gives him this strength.” During his nearly 40-year reign, Mbasogo has tortured and killed a lot of people. Severo Moto, an exiled political enemy, was the first man to popularize the rumors of Mbasogo’s cannibalism. On a Spanish radio show in 2004, Moto said that Mbagoso believes he gains strength from eating his enemies. Moto told the show’s host, “Obiang wants me to go back to Guinea and eat my testicles. That’s clear.”[6] 4 Charles Taylor Accused Of Using Cannibalism As A Demoralization Tactic Photo credit: The Telegraph Charles Taylor was president of Liberia from 1997 until 2003. While in office, Taylor faced strong foreign accusations of crimes against humanity and war crimes. Most were believed to have taken place during the Sierra Leone Civil War. Following his extradition from Nigeria in 2006, Taylor was subjected to a lengthy trial in which he was accused of eating human flesh and ordering others to do the same to terrify and demoralize his enemies. Taylor categorically denied the accusations: “It is sickening. You must be sick to believe it.”[7] After he was found guilty in 2012 of terrorism, murder, rape, and more, Taylor was sentenced to 50 years in prison. The presiding judge stated, “The accused has been found responsible for aiding and abetting, as well as planning, some of the most heinous and brutal crimes recorded in human history.” 3 General Butt Naked Drank A Lot Of Human Blood Photo credit: vice.com In the early 1990s, Joshua Milton Blahyi (aka General Butt Naked) led a mercenary unit in the First Liberian Civil War. They were known as the Butt Naked Brigade. As the name suggests, almost everyone fought in the nude. The few members of the brigade who weren’t in the buff wore women’s clothing. Also, they were incredibly high. With his brigade known for its exceptional brutality, Butt Naked described a typical day: Before leading my troops into battle, we would get drunk and drugged up, sacrifice a local teenager, drink the blood, then strip down to our shoes and go into battle wearing colorful wigs and carrying imaginary purses we’d looted from civilians. We’d slaughter anyone we saw, chop their heads off, and use them as soccer balls. We were nude, fearless, drunk yet strategic.[8] Butt Naked and his fighters believed that human sacrifices, the consumption of flesh and blood, and the soldiers’ nakedness protected them from bullets. General Butt Naked converted to Christianity in 1996 and has expressed remorse for his actions. He’s also stated his belief that satanic powers controlled him at the time and made him do things beyond his control. 2 Idi Amin Suspected Of Engaging In Kakwa Blood Rituals Photo credit: asian-voice.com Idi Amin was president of Uganda from 1971 to 1979. During that time, he gained notoriety for his manicured image of buffoonery, which diluted the broad horrors of his regime. It’s estimated that up to 500,000 people were killed during Amin’s eight-year reign as president. His father was Kakwa—a Ugandan ethnic group who used to practice blood rituals during which flesh was cut from the body of a dead victim and eaten to decrease the power of the person’s vengeful spirit. Idi Amin observed the tradition in a unique way, claiming to keep human livers in his fridge. He remarked, “It is customary in Kakwa culture to eat the enemy’s liver to cleanse the sin of murder.”[9] When asked about rumors of cannibalism, Amin often deflected the question with characteristic humor. In one instance, he said, “I don’t like human flesh. It’s too salty for me.” 1 Joseph Kony Abducts Children And Forces Them To Engage In Cannibalism Photo credit: npr.org Joseph Kony is the leader of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), which is mostly known for its operations in Uganda. Kony believes that he is God’s spokesperson and sees his mission in life as turning Uganda into a theocratic state based on the Ten Commandments. Kony also uses his professed religious beliefs to excuse an outrageously long list of atrocities for which he’s responsible. Former LRA officer Francis Ongom is quoted as saying, “He has found Bible justifications for killing witches, for killing pigs because of the story of the Gadarene swine, and for killing people because God did the same with Noah’s flood and Sodom and Gomorrah.” The LRA operates through a system of indoctrination, kidnapping young children and forcing them to commit horrific acts such as cannibalism. That includes drinking the blood of the LRA’s enemies and eating human flesh. Through these acts, inhibitions are lowered as well as the perceived chances of acceptance back into society.[10] Pamela Aber was abducted and held by the LRA for five months before she managed to escape. According to Aber, she and her fellow prisoners were told to bite to death a 14-year-old girl who had attempted to escape: We started biting her, but she did not die. When we were biting her, she was pleading to the rebels, saying they should forgive her and that she would not escape again. [ . . . ] Later, we were all told to beat her with a log, one after the other, until she died. Kony’s power has reportedly diminished in recent years. It’s been reported that several thousand fighters were under Kony’s command at the LRA’s peak. Now there’s thought to be fewer than 100. David prefers aubergine pizza over human flesh. You can read more of his writing at CultureRoast.com, and check out his videos at YouTube.com/CultureRoast. Read about more gruesome cases of cannibalism on 10 Extreme Reports Of Cannibalism Over The Past 200 Years and 10 Gruesome Cases Of Cannibalism In Modern-Day America. Top 10 Haunted Sites In Ireland 10 Brutal Accounts Of Torture In Old Insane Asylums 10 Little-Known Mysterious Ghost Types Top 10 Creepy Haunted Bridges	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line830
__label__cc	0.712348	0.287652	What Sorts of Cases Do State Courts Decide? Many people understand that the courts help decide and interpret the laws that legislatures put on the books. However, most people do not realize that most cases are decided through state courts, and not by courts under the U.S. government, known as federal courts. If you think you need to go to court, chances are good that you will have to file your case in a state court. Civil and Criminal Courts Just like the federal court system, most state courts have two separate court systems, one for criminal cases and another for civil cases. In our system, criminal courts are for cases in which someone is accused of a crime, and civil courts are for when individuals or corporations have a legal disagreement with each other that can not be resolved on its own. Criminal and civil courts have different rules of procedure and usually have very little overlap. General and Special Jurisdiction Courts Although each state is different, most states have "special jurisdiction courts," or courts that only handle one type of case. For criminal cases, there may be special courts that only hear traffic cases, or cases with youthful offenders. For civil cases, there may be special housing courts, which hear landlord-tenant cases, or family courts, which hear divorce or custody cases, amongst others. Nearly every state has "probate courts" which determine issues relating to wills and inheritances, and sometimes decide guardianship issues in the event someone's caretaker is incapacitated. Perhaps the most famous type of special jurisdiction court is "small claims court," which hears cases where the amount in question is relatively small. Most states make the procedure in small claims court easy to understand so that people can handle these cases quickly and without a lawyer. Look up your state's small claims system to see how you can begin a small claims suit. Courts of general jurisdiction hear every other type of case. For civil courts, this can include personal injury cases, like medical malpractice or car accidents; disputes over real estate, or business litigation. For criminal courts, this includes more serious or unusual crimes that do not have a special court. See FindLaw's section on Courtroom Proceedings and Criminal Law to learn more about going to court.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line831
__label__wiki	0.621092	0.621092	What Saraki, Dogara Told Buhari About Dino Melaye’s Travail, 2018 Budget 2019 Elections, APC, News, Politics @APROKOGIRL The Senate President, Senator Bukola Saraki and the Speaker of House of Representatives, Yakubu Dogara on Monday urged President Muhammadu Buhari to compel the Inspector General of Police, Ibrahim Idris to obey the laws of Nigeria. Both presiding officers of the National Assembly had earlier met with Buhari at the Presidential Villa, Abuja. Speaking with State House Correspondents after the closed-door session, both presiding officers of NASS condemned the treatment allegedly meted on Kogi West Senator, Dino Melaye. They described the arraignment of Melaye on stretcher as “barbaric and uncivilised,” stressing that there was nowhere in the world that people were arraigned on a stretcher, even criminals. Both officers also said the 2018 budget report will be passed this week. source: nai May 8, 2018 Don Michael Adeniji Tagged 2018 Budget, APC, Buhari, Dino, Dogara, Saraki Leave a comment Buhari, NASS and unlawful use of $469m ECA funds 2019 Elections, Africa, APC, economy, Legal, Nigeria, Nigerian Army, PMB, Politics On April 9, President Muhammadu Buhari’s Senior Special Assistant on National Assembly Matters (Senate), Ita Enang, lied to worried and inquisitive Nigerians that the president was yet to authorise the payment of $469m from the Excess Crude Account (ECA) to buy 12 Super Tucano military jets from the United States government. It turned out that as far back as February, despite repeated denials, the president had both approved the said sum and authorised disbursement. It was only the Defence minister, Mansur Dan Ali, who somewhat truthfully hinted early February that the procurement had been done in order to meet the deadline set by the American government for the deal to be consummated. It is unlikely that Sen Enang, who is himself very conversant with legislative appropriations process, did not know that the approval had been given and the payment made. Nor is it likely that he does not know the gravity of the executive branch arbitrarily and unilaterally authorising the disbursement of funds not appropriated. The special assistant knew; he only chose to lie. Here is what he said when the public initially suspected that the president had made the unauthorised disbursement of ECA funds: “…That the said sum has not and cannot be approved for spending by Mr. President. That in accordance with best practices, Mr. President, having received approval of the sum from National Economic Council made up of all the governors, now had a meeting with the Minister of Defence, service chiefs and the Inspector-General of Police, among others, to collate the needs of each of the services and the money available for appropriation…As of now, the process of approving the money for use is inchoate and still undergoing executive standard operating procedure before laying same before the National Assembly for appropriation.” When Sen Enang told this open lie, members of the National Economic Council (NEC), the president himself, and the vice president already knew that the money had been disbursed. They chose to keep quiet, associated with the lie, and perhaps sought for ways to blunt both public and legislative reactions to the unlawful use of ECA funds. The governors who in December authorised the withdrawal of $1bn from ECA on the grounds that previous governments periodically accessed the account for one reason or the other also knew by experience in their states that the executive arm, in this case the president, could not spend a kobo without appropriations. Instead, they incredibly decided at a meeting headed by the vice president that their collective assent was as good as legislative assent because no one complained when previous governments made similar withdrawals. To put the whole matter at rest, and knowing that the infernal lie told by Sen Enang and connived at by the presidency could not be sustained for too long, the president finally wrote to the National Assembly this April to inform them that he had spent the money from ECA, and asked for their understanding. Other than implying that the urgency of the spending necessitated the illegality, the president offered no other substantial or persuasive reason for breaching the constitution. According to him: “I wish to draw the attention of the House of Representatives to the ongoing security emergencies in the country. These challenges were discussed with the state governors and subsequently, at the meeting of the National Economic Council on 14th December, 2017, where a resolution was passed, with the Council approving that up to US$1 billion may be released and utilised from the Excess Crude Account to address the situation… It would be recalled that, for a number of years, Nigeria had been in discussions with the United States Government for the purchase of Super Tucano Aircraft under a direct Government-to-Government arrangement. Recently, approval was finally granted by the United States Government, but with a deadline within which part payment must be made otherwise, the contract would lapse.” The president continues: “In the expectation that the National Assembly would have no objection to the purchase of this highly specialised aircraft, which is critical to national security, I granted anticipatory approval for the release of US$496,374,470.00. This was paid directly to the treasury of the United States Government. I am therefore writing, seeking approval of this House for the sum of US$496,374,470.00 (equivalent to N151,394,421,335.00) to be included in the 2018 Appropriation Bill, which the National Assembly is currently finalising. The balance of the requirements for critical operational equipment is still being collated from the different security services and will be presented in the form of a Supplementary Appropriation Bill, in due course.” There is no question that the president knowingly and subversively took the money from ECA. But nothing justifies it: no emergency, no urgency, no security situation. There was nothing to suggest that since the governors decided on that course of action last December, the president didn’t have enough time to present a supplementary estimate to be thoroughly scrutinised by the legislature. He missed the point by giving the impression that critics who denounced the executive arm for disbursing ECA funds were unmindful of the country’s security situation, or insensitive to the urgency of making the military purchases. Critics in fact sensibly suggested that though the motive of the purchase was sound, it was nevertheless wrong to eye the ECA fund meant for the three tiers of government, let alone make the disbursement outside due process. For neither the president nor the governors, nor yet the local councils, approximated the legislative assemblies of their various tiers. Moreover, even the seller of the jets, the US, would be privately appalled by the illegitimacy of the process through which the $469m was released. Such flagrant abuse could never be countenanced in the US. It also beggars belief that those who kept the money feigned ignorance of the proper process by which the funds are to be shared constitutionally between the three tiers of government It is disturbing that President Buhari, sitting at the head of a government that prides itself on being ethically different from its predecessors and intolerant of past abridgement of financial regulations, could countenance that constitutional affront. By his letter to the legislature, he seems to think that both the urgency of the purchase and the intensity of the insurgency problem justified the spending from ECA. It is even worse that he indicated in his letter that he expected the legislature not to turn down his request, hence his approval of the unlawful ECA spending. This unilateral action is truly shocking. How could he tell the mind of the legislature? Does he not know what the law say very clearly? The truth is that the Buhari presidency and the federal government under him, including the cabinet and security agencies, think very little of the legislature. They think that if the public were forced to choose between the executive arm headed by the ‘saintly’ President Buhari, and the parliament headed, for instance, by the Machiavellian Bukola Saraki, the public would sack the parliament and embrace the executive. This is the classical beginning of fascism. It is also strange that with all the lawyers and constitutional experts around the president, he could still subvert the constitution in the manner he has done. This speaks to the lack of cohesion in the government — in such a manner that suggests only a few people carried away by the importance of their offices take decisions for the presidency and present a fait accompli to the rest of the cabinet — or to perhaps the fear of confronting the president and educating him on the dangers of flouting the constitution and diminishing the importance of the parliament, as his government and cabinet have serially done. A far more disturbing truth is that, given the arguments and logic of some of the governors rationalising the ECA spending, there are indeed very few democrats presiding over the affairs of their states in this Fourth Republic. The Governor of Jigawa State, Muhammadu Badaru, for instance, simplistically argues: “We forget easily. If you recall, we have been battling with approval from America to buy these equipment in 2014. We have been begging America to sell this equipment to us. We tried Dubai, they could not allow us; we tried a factory in Brazil, the federal government tried, we couldn’t get it. America still could not sell to Nigeria. Then luckily, President Trump said it was okay to buy. So we had to quickly buy before they change their minds. Because there is also deadline and this is a state to state transaction, no middleman, and we are all here concerned about security and they are raising questions on way and manner you protect people. This is an emergency situation.” The puerility of Mr Badaru’s logic is numbing. No less bewildering is the Ebonyi State governor, Dave Umahi, who sheepishly suggested that critics of the spending as well as the National Assembly should not just look at the law but the interest of Nigerians. Awful! The National Assembly knows that it can only cry itself hoarse over this needless controversy. To impeach President Buhari, even if the divided legislature can be coaxed into unity, will be nigh impossible, not because an impeachable offence has not been committed but because the presidency seems to be counting on the masses who can neither understand the illogic of the ECA spending nor appreciate the role of the parliament in sustaining democracy. Had the people been educated enough to know that it is the parliament that sustains democracy — not the executive, not the judiciary, as important as they are — they would have found a way to force the resignation of the government. But the government is counting on the people’s ignorance to constitute a deterrence to the legislature, or if push comes to shove, join hands with the Buhari presidency in sacking parliament. The NASS will have to find a way of saving face on this appalling matter. The cards are stacked against them. Meanwhile they can legislate away the temptations that so easily take the Buhari presidency prey, such as ECA itself. There is no reason for the dedicated. If President Buhari cannot discipline himself and his government to find legitimate and constitutional ways of raising money to execute their agenda, and the governors are either too obtuse or too timid to think straight, and the people will not eschew sentiment in public discourse, it is time for the legislature to anticipate other possible temptations beguiling the presidency and remove them. http://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-nass-and-unlawful-use-of-469m-eca-funds/ April 28, 2018 Don Michael Adeniji Tagged 2018 Budget, Buhari, eca, NASS Leave a comment Magu Not Fit as EFCC Acting Chairman – Nigerian Senate Politics, Power Chairman, Senate Committee on Public Petitions, Ethics and privileges, Senator Samuel Anyanwu has stated that Nigeria Senate no longer regard Mr. Ibrahim Magu as Acting Chairman of Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC). He gave this revelation at a press conference while reacting to questions bothering his Committee. He explained that there were massive petitions against the EFCC, but they could not invite Mr. Magu because he was no longer seen as the acting Chairman. “There are petitions against the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission by some Nigerians, but my Committee does not see Ibrahim Magu as the Acting Chairman and that is why he was not invited”, Anyanwu said. The lawmaker further said his committee would use 2018 budget defense to track down Magu. “The 2018 budget is here, we will it as instrument against PMB for defying Senate resolution on Ibrahim Magu”, Anyanwu submitted. April 14, 2018 Don Michael Adeniji Tagged 2018 Budget, EFCC, Magu, NASS, Police, SEcurity Leave a comment	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line832
__label__wiki	0.907409	0.907409	Centennial grad Troy Brown more confident in summer return to Las Vegas John Locher / AP Washington Wizards’ Troy Brown Jr. shoots over the Philadelphia 76ers during the second half of an NBA Summer League basketball game Monday, July 9, 2018, in Las Vegas. By Mike Grimala Sun, Jul 7, 2019 (2 a.m.) First week of free agency proves uneventful for Golden Knights UFC 239: Jon Jones retains title in razor-thin fashion NBA Summer League to go on after earthquake The Sun's sports coverage Troy Brown had a message for Las Vegas fans after leading his Washington Wizards over New Orleans on the second night of the NBA Summer League on Saturday: If you see him out about town, don’t be shy. The Centennial High product and former Gatorade State Player of the Year is back in Vegas for his second summer league with the Wizards, and he’s feeling more confident than he did during his rookie experience last year. Brown said he was anxious about playing in front of the hometown crowd in 2018, just weeks after being selected with the No. 15 pick in the draft. But he appeared at ease on Saturday as he scored a team-high 18 points (6-of-15 from the field) and ripped down 15 rebounds in his 31 minutes. Brown said he drew energy from the large crowd at the Thomas & Mack Center. “I still had a little bit of jitters when I started out, but as soon as I scored my first points I was okay,” Brown said. “I was good. Especially playing at home. I love Vegas, so just being in front of a home crowd gave me a little bit of jitters. But nothing better than playing here.” As a rookie, Brown played in 52 games for Washington and averaged 4.8 points and 2.8 rebounds in 14.0 minutes. He said controlling his emotions has been a major part of his growth as a player. “My biggest thing is just my maturity. Last year I was focused on the wrong things and not realizing that it’s just basketball. I put so much pressure on it. I wanted to be so great, so fast, and that’s not how it works. I have to learn and keep getting better at my speed.” As the Wizards didn’t play on Friday, Brown spent the night at the Mandalay Bay Events Center watching the WNBA game between the Las Vegas Aces and the Washington Mystics. When Brown goes out in Las Vegas, he said the big difference between last summer and now is that people recognize him on a more regular basis. And he likes it. Brown is happy to engage with his local fans. “It definitely makes me feel good, especially because of the way I try to carry myself,” Brown said. “It’s definitely good for me, especially if it’s somebody that’s born and raised from Las Vegas.” Mike Grimala can be reached at 702-948-7844 or [email protected]. Follow Mike on Twitter at twitter.com/mikegrimala. Check this out for a full explanation of our conversion to the LiveFyre commenting system and instructions on how to sign up for an account. Full comments policy	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line834
__label__cc	0.688821	0.311179	Developed in Madagascar around the 16th century, the Coton de Tulear was regarded as royalty almost immediately. Even after being named the “Royal Dog of Madagascar” by a tribe in the past, this breed remained a popular dog among the rich long after and is gaining popularity as a loving companion. The Coton de Tulear is a small dog with the most striking feature being it’s long, cotton-like coat. The average height of the Coton de Tulear is 9 to 11 inches, and it weighs anywhere from 8 to 13 pounds. The dense, soft coat comes in pure white, and any large dark markings are considered a fault. Personality and Temperament Regarded as royalty from the start, the Coton de Tulear is a perfect companion. This dog breed is friendly with other dogs and people as well. The Coton de Tulear is a playful and happy dog well suited as a family pet. Known for its long coat, this dog breed requires more than an average amount of grooming. In fact, it is important to start this early on with the Coton de Tulear so the dog becomes used to grooming and to maintain the coat. The Coton de Tulear also requires a regular amount of exercise. The Coton de Tulear is a generally healthy breed with no known inherited diseases and lives an average of 14 to 16 years. History and Background Although the exact history of the Coton de Tulear is unknown, it is believed the decedents of this breed were brought over to the island of Madagascar by ship during the 16th century. These dogs are said to have bred with the terriers on the island, resulting in today’s Coton de Tulear. Shortly after the Coton de Tulear developed in Madagascar, the ruling tribe of the island, the Merina, took possession over the breed allowing only royals to own one of these dogs. Even after this tribe was overcome, the Coton de Tulear remained popular in Madagascar and was named the official "Royal Dog of Madagascar." The Coton de Tulear was introduced to other countries beginning in 1974, quickly gaining popularity abroad. Powered by AllPaws - Adopt a Pet Today invertebrate food dog flea and tick spray dog gps collar food for chinchillas	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line835
__label__cc	0.687916	0.312084	Tourism Foresight Project receives $75,000 Province provides second-phase funding for tourism sustainability plan by Bob Barnett Ministry of Tourism, Sport and the Arts today announced $75,000 for the second phase of a major research project being undertaken by the province's Council of Tourism Associations. Phase two of the Foresight Project builds on the initial project phase undertaken between January and June of 2006 aimed at identifying key tourism industry drivers and examining a range of potential scenarios that impact tourism development. "This next phase of the project will further build on our efforts to engage the tourism sector in helping to develop a solid base of research and indicators to guide the development of a comprehensive strategy to double tourism in the province by 2015," said Minister of Tourism, Sport and the Arts Olga Ilich. "Tourism operators are the heart of our industry and their active engagement in developing best practices, bench marking tools, and an operating plan to put the planning and analysis into practice, will help ensure that both government and industry are working together to ensure the long-term sustainability of what is now a $10-billion per year industry in our province." The Council of Tourism Associations (COTA) initiated the Foresight Project in January 2006 with funding from the provincial Ministry of Tourism, Sport and the Arts ($50,000), federal Western Economic Diversification ($50,000) and contributions from its own members ($12,700). The phase one report will be released later this summer and it provides a foundation for undertaking a series of regional workshops and task force meetings to help finalize a tourism sustainability policy, a code of ethics for the industry, universal best management practices, new measurement and benchmarking tools, and an operational plan for the implementation of the new policies and tools. Funding for this phase will come from the Ministry of Tourism, Sport and the Arts ($75,000), with an equivalent amount to be sought by COTA from Western Economic Diversification. Michael Campbell, COTA's president and chair of the board of directors, indicates the project represents an important step in developing a stronger and healthier industry. "As one of the largest resource industries in B.C. and one of the most labour intensive, developing sustainable tourism practices will not only contribute to B.C.'s economy, but also to communities' well being," Campbell said. "The project recognizes that sustainable tourism practices, in addition to its economic benefits, can offer B.C. regions an enhanced sense of identity and pride, as well as develop social capital." "We have set an ambitious goal to double tourism in the province over the next 10 years," said Ilich. "Achieving this goal requires that we develop new research, management and planning tools and formulate a vision that is consistent with industry's realities and changing needs. The Foresight Project is geared to filling some of the gaps that currently exist and to helping us move forward confidently."	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line836
__label__cc	0.661388	0.338612	EU Directive 2016/2102/EU: Technical Standards Accessibility Policy, European Union, International, Laws and Standards, Webinars European Union Directive 2016/2102/EU, creating a set of standards for EU public sector bodies, was approved on October 26, 2016. In this blog post, we’ll discuss the technical standards that websites and apps are required to meet. The Requirements For the functional accessibility requirements for information and communications technology products and services, the European standardization organizations have adopted European standard EN 301 549 V1.1.2 (2015-04). The standard can be used in public procurement or to support other policies and legislation. The accessibility requirements in the Directive conform with clauses 9, 10, and 11 of the standard. The commission has the power to easily publish a different standard via a basic publication process. In this fashion, the “default” standard is EN 301 549, but this may be updated as needed at any point after June 22, 2017. Any standards established by the Commission must meet the accessibility standards of the Directive, and must ensure a level of accessibility at least equivalent to EN 301 549. Although WCAG is known to be applicable to the Directive, it is not published as a reference in the proposal. However, there is a clear harmonization and normalization between EN 301 549 and WCAG, so the fact that WCAG is not mentioned is a minor point. The lack of application for certain mobile application standards is called out in some detail. “In particular, technical specifications adopted on the basis of this Directive should further detail European standards EN 301 549 V1.1.2 (2015-04) in relation to mobile applications.” The technical specifications and the standards developed in relation to the accessibility requirements set out in this Directive should moreover consider the specificities of mobile devices, conceptually and technically. EN 301 549 is the default standard when there are no references in the harmonized standards referred to in the Directive. This applies to both websites and apps. The standards adopted by the Commission represent the minimum standards for accessibility across the EU. Member States may impose additional measures which go beyond the standards in the Directive. In accordance with Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012, websites and apps that meet the harmonized requirements (or parts thereof) published in the Official Journal of the European Union are also presumed to conform to the Directive. The EU Directive on Digital Accessibility This free on-demand webinar from SSB covers the most salient points of the EU Directive, including the economic and social drivers that led to its creation, what is covered, notable exclusions, how it may affect the private sector, and the responsibilities of public sector bodies and their Member States. Read more and access the webinar resources here: The EU Directive on Digital Accessibility. Content provided by SSB BART Group is intended for general information and education. The materials and facts presented do not constitute legal advice and should not be relied upon in the face of pending litigation. If you have specific legal questions, please contact a lawyer.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line837
__label__cc	0.569383	0.430617	39 The Value of Serious Play Lloyd Rieber, Lola Smith, and David Noah Editor’s Note: The following article was originally published in Educational Technology and is used here by permission. Rieber, L. P., Smith, L., & Noah, D. (1998). The value of serious play. Educational Technology, 38(6), 29–37. Consider the following two hypothetical situations: Two eight-year old children are building a shopping mall with Legos on a Saturday afternoon. One is working on the entrance way and the other is working on two of the mall stores. As the model gets more elaborate, they see that they will soon run out of blocks if they wish to build the mall according to their grand design. They decide to change their strategy and build instead just the entrance way, but with doorways to the stores. They decide they can later use some old shoe boxes for the stores. They tear apart the stores already built and begin building the mall’s entrance way collaboratively with renewed vigor. They even go and get some small house plants and put them in the middle as “trees.” They continue working for the rest of the afternoon and into the early evening. The mother of one of the children calls to say it’s time to come home for dinner. A bit aggravated by this interruption, the friend agrees to come back tomorrow to help finish the model. A multimedia design team is busy developing the company’s latest CD-ROM. The team’s two graphic artists, Jean and Pat, have been trying to learn a new 3-D graphics application for use on the project. While both have been learning the tool separately on their own, they decide to work together after lunch one day. Both soon discover that the other has learned some very different things. Both decide to work on a clown figure that Jean began earlier in the week. As they try to learn all of the tricks of the package, the clown figure starts to look ridiculous and both can’t help laughing at the “monster” they have created. However, they fail to figure out how to access the animation features of the software. Before they know it, it’s almost 7:00 p.m. and they decide to call it a day. Later that night at home, Pat makes a breakthrough on the package and e-mails Jean about it, describing some key ideas they should discuss the next day. Although it’s almost midnight, Pat’s phone rings. It’s Jean. The e-mail note had just arrived and it turns out that Jean had been working on the same problem at home as well. Both laugh and look forward to seeing what the other has discovered the next day. What do these two situations have in common? At first glance, very little. The first deals with children entertaining themselves with a favorite toy and the second with highly skilled professionals working on an expensive project for work. However, one soon sees some important similarities. Both stories show people engaged—engrossed—in an activity. All are willing to commit great amounts of time and energy. Indeed, all are unaware of the amount of time transpired, yet none would rather be doing anything else. All go to extraordinary lengths to get back to the activity. Despite the obvious intense efforts, false starts, and frustrations, all seem to be greatly enjoying themselves, as evidenced by the fact that no one is forcing them to spend free time on the activities. The children’s project isn’t intended to help them on upcoming tests at school, but it would be a mistake to think they are not learning anything. Likewise the graphic designers are not thinking about being “tested” on the graphics package and while probably not willing to share the clown graphic with their boss, they recognize that this “fun experience” is essential to learning the 3-D graphics software they need to use on the project. Both groups talk about their projects as work, yet not the kind filled with drudgery and tedium, but the kind of work leading to satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment. Of course, there is another word that describes the two groups’ efforts—play. Yes, play. We have found no better word to describe that special kind of intense learning experience in which both adults and children voluntarily devote enormous amounts of time, energy and commitment and at the same time derive great enjoyment from experience. We call this serious play to distinguish it from other interpretations which may have negative connotations. For example, while most accept the word play to describe many children’s activities, adults usually bristle at the thought of using it to describe what they do. It is true that the majority of research conducted to date on play has been with children and if used or interpreted in the wrong way or wrong context it seems to cheapen or degrade a learning experience. We, too, would probably run for the door if a trainer or instructor started gushing about playing and having fun. But we argue that the same characteristics of children’s play also extend well to adults[1] (see Colarusso, 1993; Kerr & Apter, 1991). The purpose of this article is to propose serious play as a suitable goal or characteristic for those learning situations demanding creative higher-order thinking and a strong sense of personal commitment and engagement. Teachers, instructional designers, and trainers should not shy away from encouraging or expecting play behavior in their students. We go even further to suggest that those learning environments that conjure up serious play in children or adults deserve special recognition. They are doing something right, and that “something” involves a complex set of conditions. We feel the time is ripe to seriously consider play given the current state of instructional technology. The field has struggled philosophically over the past two decades, first with the transition from a behavioral to a cognitive model of learning (Burton, Moore & Magliaro, 1996; Winn & Snyder, 1996), and more recently with reconciling the value and relevance of constructivist orientations to learning in a field dominated by instructional systems design (Duffy & Cunningham, 1996; Grabinger, 1996). At the same time, the field has witnessed remarkable advances in computer technology. The time has come to apply what we know about learning, motivation, and working cooperatively given the incredible processing power and social connectivity of computers. We feel that play is an ideal construct for linking human cognition and educational applications of technology given its rich interdisciplinary history in fields such as education, psychology, epistemology, sociology, and anthropology, and its obvious compatibility with interactive computer-based learning environments, such as microworlds, simulations, and games. Can you think of an experience you’ve had similar to Jean and Pat’s (described at the beginning of the article)? What was that experience? How does your experience support (or refute) the claims of the article? Understanding Serious Play The serious kind of play we support is not easy to define due to its inherently personal nature. However, there is general consensus in the literature that play is a voluntary activity. However, it would be a mistake to believe that all play is voluntary. In many cultures, play activities are embedded in mandatory rituals. Even in Western cultures, when one considers the social pressures for children to join in a sporting event, such as football, or teenagers participating in a social event, such as the senior prom, one can hardly classify these as wholly voluntary acts involving active (often physical) engagement that is pleasurable for its own sake and includes a make-believe quality (Blanchard, 1995; Makedon, 1984; Pellegrini, 1995; Rieber, 1996). Other fields, such as theater arts, have long embraced play concepts.[2] For example, the theater game techniques developed by Viola Spolin not only teach a variety of performance skills but extend students’ awareness of problems and ideas fundamental to intellectual growth, such as the development of imagination and intuition. Spolin (1986) maintains there are at least three levels of playing: 1) participation (fun and games); 2) problem solving (development of physical and mental perceiving tools); and 3) catalytic action (wherein opportunities arise that allow an individual to tap into the intuitive, to become spontaneous, so that breakthroughs and creativity can occur). The research literature on play, strongly rooted in anthropology, is generally organized around four themes: Play as progress, play as fantasy, play as self, and play as power (Pellegrini, 1995). Play as progress is the view that play is an activity leading to other outcomes, such as learning. Play as fantasy describes the process of “unleashing” an individual’s creative potential. Play as self acknowledges that play itself is to be valued without regard to secondary outcomes. It considers how play can enhance or extend a person’s quality of life. Play as power concerns contests in which winners and losers are declared and is very much evident in places such as the school playground, professional football stadiums, and the grass courts of Wimbledon. The commonsense tendency to define play as the opposite of work makes it easy to be skeptical that play is a valid characterization for adult behaviors. However, Blanchard (1995) describes a simple model of human activity drawn from anthropology that shows a more accurate relationship between play and work, as illustrated in Figure 1. This model has two dimensions, pleasurability and purposefulness, with play and work being orthogonal constructs. The purposeful dimension defines a continuum with work and leisure at opposite ends. Work has a purposeful goal, whereas leisure does not. Interestingly, Blanchard contends that the English language does not have a word describing the opposite of play, so the word “not-play” is used to define opposites on the pleasurability dimension. Figure 1. The Dimensions of Human Activity (taken from Blanchard, 1995, permission pending). The four quadrants of the model encompass the full range of human activities. Quadrant A (playful work) defines the “holy grail” of occupations—getting paid to do a job that is also satisfying and rewarding. Quadrant C (not-play work), on the other hand, includes types of work that are not enjoyable, but are done due to obligations or financial necessity. Quadrant B (playing at leisure) includes those leisure activities that people devote deliberate effort to, usually over extended periods of times, such as serious hobbies or avocations. These are activities in which people grow intellectually, emotionally, or physically, such as gardening, reading, cycling, or chess. Finally, Quadrant D (not-play leisure) includes those times or activities, technically defined as “leisure,” when we find ourselves bored, unsatisfied, and with nothing to do (e.g. sitting in front of the television looking for something interesting to watch). The model applies readily to the adult world of work and leisure, but also appropriately describes school settings (for both children and adults) when you consider school to be a “job.” The goals for work (Quadrants A and C) are external to the individual whereas the goals for leisure (Quadrants B and D) are internal. A person who attains maximum pleasurability (in either Quadrant A or B) could also be described as being in a state of “flow.” Flow theory, developed by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (1979; 1990), derives its name from the way people describe a certain state of happiness and satisfaction. They are so absorbed that they report being carried by the “flow” of the activity in an automatic and spontaneous way. Experiencing flow is an everyday occurrence, though Csikszentmihalyi is careful to point out that attaining flow demands considerable and deliberate effort and attention. Flow has many qualities and characteristics, the most notable of which are the following: optimal levels of challenge; feelings of complete control; attention focused so strongly on the activity that feelings of self-consciousness and awareness of time disappear. Think to yourself of times that you were so engrossed in an activity that you were shocked to learn that several hours had passed without your knowledge. The “work” involved at attaining flow comes from maintaining a balance between anxiety and challenge. As your experience and skill increases, you look for ways to increase the challenge, but if you try something beyond your capability you quickly become anxious. Flow can only be achieved by successfully negotiating and balancing challenge and anxiety. Can you think of experiences that you’ve had that fall into each of the four quadrants depicted in Figure 1? How often do you engage in each of them? How does your participation and behavior differ? Play’s Relevancy to Instructional Technology: Learning and Motivation Our interest in play is derived from the longstanding goal in education of how to promote situations where a person is motivated to learn, is engaged in the learning act, is willing to go to great lengths to ensure that learning will occur, and at the same time finds the learning process (not just learning outcomes) to be satisfying and rewarding. An ambitious goal to say the least and one that seems largely unattainable. However, this is a common everyday occurrence which everyone experiences. Consider the intensity with which adults engage in complex activities during their leisure time, such as wood working, gardening, and sports. Most require the full range of intellectual learning outcomes (facts, concepts, principles, and problem-solving) and physical skill in tandem with creative expression. The intensity of children’s activities during non-school time goes far beyond that of adults. For example, the stereotype of mind-numbing video games is quickly erased when you ask players to describe the rules and relationships among objects and characters in a video game (see Turkle, 1984, for an early critique of the “holding power” of video games). One discovers that the children have mastered intricately complex “virtual worlds” and could easily pass the toughest test on this “content” should one be administered (although adults rarely value this knowledge). Learning and motivation seem to reach their pinnacle in such situations. Traditional views of motivation in education usually reduce down to two things: the motivation to initially participate in a task and subsequently choosing to persist in the task (Lepper, 1988). Motivation is also usually explained in terms of the extrinsic and intrinsic reasons for choosing to participate (Facteau, Dobbins, Russell, Ladd & Kudisch, 1995, add a third—compliance—for training environments). Extrinsic motivators are external to the person, such as attaining rewards (e.g. pay increases, praise from teachers and parents), or avoiding negative consequences (e.g. punishment, disapproval, losing one’s job). In contrast, intrinsic motivators come from within the person, such as personal interest, curiosity, and satisfaction. Malone’s (1981; Malone & Lepper, 1987) framework of intrinsic motivation is based on the attributes of challenge, curiosity, fantasy, and control (other notable work in this includes, of course, that of John Keller (1983; Keller & Suzuki, 1988). Challenge refers not only to the level of difficulty but also to performance feedback for the player, and includes goals, predictability of outcome, and self-esteem. Malone also warns against designing games where the curiosity factor is sensory and superficial as opposed to games in which curiosity engages deeper cognitive processes (see research by Rieber & Noah, 1997 for an example). However, the dichotomy between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation quickly blurs in everyday situations. An employee who loves his/her job will still rely on the social and professional obligations of getting up and going to work in the morning from time to time. Students forced to study for an upcoming test may unexpectantly find themselves enjoying the material. Some extrinsic motivators are perceived as pure rewards or threats (e.g. read 10 books to earn a prize or do your homework every night to avoid a lower grade), but others may be consistent with one’s goals or values (e.g. a teenager attending mandatory driver education classes or an adult choosing to enroll in graduate school). Self-determination is the degree to which one reconciles extrinsic motivators with personal choice (Deci & Ryan, 1985). A high degree of self-determination has been shown to affect the quality of one’s learning (e.g. Ryan, Connell & Plant, 1990; see review by Rigby, Deci, Patrick & Ryan, 1992). In other words, the intrinsic worth of an activity is often a matter of personal choice and learning can be enhanced when one looks for and finds personal motives to not only participate but also to take responsibility for the outcome. [3] Prescribing motivation in formal educational settings has long been a puzzle for teachers and instructional designers. Part of the problem is that too many educators consider motivation in terms of “that which gets someone else to do what we want them to.” Instructional design models typically treat motivation as an “add-on” feature or concern. Frequently, designers fall prey to first designing instruction from the point of view of the subject matter and then ask “How can I make this motivating to the learner?” Instead, motivation and learning should be considered together from the start. Likewise, serious play is characterized by intense motivation coupled with goal-directed behavior. For instructional designers, the task is to somehow blend or “wed” motivation to the learning process. Fortunately, there is research and theory that describes this “marriage” between motivation and learning, that of self-regulation (Butler & Winne, 1995; Schunk & Zimmerman, 1994; Zimmerman, 1989; Zimmerman, 1990). Individuals engaged in self-regulated learning generally possess three attributes: 1) they find the learning goals interesting for their own sake and do not need external incentives (or threats) to participate (i.e. intrinsic motivation); 2) they are able to monitor their own learning and are able to identify when they are having trouble; and 3) they consequently take the necessary steps to alter their learning environment to enable learning to take place. The most successful students self-regulate their own learning. However, many students, even if intrinsically motivated, have difficulty monitoring their own learning or employing strategies or finding resources that they need. Consequently, most students need support to varying degrees. This support takes many forms, such as access to resources and sufficient opportunity to use those resources. Students also need adequate time, a fact often neglected or difficult to manage in traditional school or training situations. However, instruction can be one of the most important kinds of support when it is provided in the context of supporting the goals and motives valued by the individual. When viewed in this way, we see no reason why play and instructional design cannot co-exist. Reconciling play with instructional design requires a very different perspective on the relationship between curriculum, instruction, a teacher, and the individual learner. The traditional view that one group of people (instructional designers, trainers, teachers) have total authority and responsibility to create instructional activities for another group (students) must be reconsidered. A modified view grants individual learners greater authority over what they learn and how they learn it, while setting reasonable expectations consistent with an institutional framework (e.g. school, workplace) (Papert, 1993, referred to this as granting a student the “right to intellectual self-determination,” p. 5). This does not negate the need for instruction, but rather puts structured learning experiences in the context of supporting individual needs and learning goals, while at the same time recognizing that many learning goals will necessarily be external to the individual, such as skills needed in the workplace. This is in keeping with democratic ideals of education, such as those proposed by Dewey (Glickman, 1996). Serious Play at Work for Learning Although it is one thing to argue that serious play has value for learning and instruction, it is quite another to figure out how to put these ideas into practice. Meeting the conditions of self-regulated learning is exceedingly demanding and the inherent personal nature of serious play means that it cannot be imposed on someone. Instructional technologists keen on developing prescriptive models will find play an unsuitable and unmanageable candidate for “design principles.” But the natural, everyday tendency for play to emerge in children and adults points to a useful design tenet which also turns out to be the simplest: look for ways to trigger or coax play behavior in people and then nurture or cultivate it once it begins, just as one looks for a way to light a candle followed by both protecting and feeding the flame. Experienced teachers are often able to invoke play and channel it toward achieving goals and objectives within the curriculum. For example, Richard McAfee is a high school social studies teacher at Central Gwinnett High School in Lawrenceville, Georgia. He uses a variety of simulation and gaming activities in his teaching. For example, he has fully integrated the simulation software package SimCity into a unit in his economics course. Here is Richard’s description of the unit: I take the first two days to teach the SimCity software to the students because I learned early on that students have a difficult time mastering the controls and tools well enough to complete their projects in the short amount of time we have set aside for the unit. Although the students have a lot of freedom in deciding how their cities will be constructed, everyone has the goal to create a city that is physically sound and provides its citizens with necessary resources. In addition, students are required to turn in three written reports – a transportation plan, a city services plan, and a physical plan. It’s remarkable how seriously students get into the process of building a city. Good ideas and strategies are both shared and guarded by students. By the end of the unit, my students literally run into the classroom to get back to their models. Of course, there are problems and not all students are equally successful in building a city that runs smoothly, but I find I can use all the problems and successes as a means for all students to understand the complex economic principles at work. The intensity, seriousness, engagement, and enjoyment that Richard reports students experience as they complete their SimCity models is an apt description of the play process. Richard has found a way to let his students play with SimCity within a structure that is consistent with the curriculum objectives that he (and the school district) values. Richard’s attempt at integrating SimCity into his teaching and evoking play behavior in his students while they are learning economics is in stark contrast to teachers who give students software like SimCity to play as a reward for doing their “real work.” It is important to note that this has not been easy for Richard. It has required a deliberate attempt at restructuring his teaching requiring many hours of preparation. Of course, he could have spent that time preparing “to teach” in the traditional way. The result would have been “traditional” as well—the majority of students suffering through the material in order to pass the unit test. A few would do very well, a few would fail, and the rest would be glad just to get through it. In contrast, Richard’s approach gives students a chance to assume “ownership” of the learning process through the act of building the model cities. The learning is richer and deeper even though his “teaching” would be difficult to evaluate using traditional models of teacher appraisal. Richard’s approach broadens the definition of instruction. While there is forethought of outcomes, there is much more flexibility and opportunity to learn things that are not predetermined. The students are responsible for learning certain things, but by creating a playful atmosphere built on collaboration, the students come to value the learning outcomes that Richard has set. This paradoxical and almost contradictory situation of play being at once too complex to fully understand and predict yet an everyday phenomena just waiting to emerge is why we have taken such an interest in microworlds, simulations, and games, especially those which are computer-based (see Rieber, 1992; 1993; 1996 for discussions and examples). The characteristics of these open-ended explorable learning environments, coupled with the processing and networking capabilities of computers, offer many opportunities for serious play. In particular, we have come to recognize the utility of games, not just for their motivational characteristics, but also for the way they provide structure and organization to complex domains. There is wonderful irony in rediscovering the technology of games—they have historical and cultural significance, but because we experience games and game-like situations continually throughout life, we tend to take them for granted. Games are also a way of telling stories, and stories are fundamental to both understanding and learning. Part of the power of games lies in the fact that through them we have a chance to take part in cultural narratives. Playing Monopoly, for instance, is an opportunity to participate in the drama of capitalism, playing chess gives us a chance to engage in a story of conflict and resolution. Expert teachers often use stories to teach—some would argue that all learning comes through stories, because all understanding is best conceived as narrative (Schank, 1990). The digital revolution has opened new possibilities for both gaming and education. The software market sometimes seems driven by games, usually those marketed to the power fantasies of adolescent boys; but new kinds of gaming environments are being made possible by the spread of personal computers. Consequently, new kinds of educational games have also been made possible, ones in which the motivational energy of sophisticated multimedia productions has been joined to the responsiveness of interactive learner engagement to create a gaming space that is motivating, complex, and individualized. The field of computer gaming is barely two decades old and our ability to use this medium well is just beginning to mature (some have suggested that the game Myst may be the first example of a computer game justly considered as “literature”; see Carroll, 1997). There are two distinct applications of games in education: game playing and game designing. Game playing is the traditional approach where one provides ready made games to students. This approach has a long history and, consequently, a well-established literature. Game designing assumes that the act of building a game is itself a path to learning, regardless of whether or not the game turns out to be interesting to other people. The idea of “learning by designing” is similar to the old adage that teaching is the best way to learn something. This approach has gained increased prominence due to the proliferation of computer-based design and authoring tools. Research has suggested that many instructional benefits may be derived from the use of educational games (Dempsey, Lucassen, Gilley & Rasmussen, 1993-1994; Randel, Morris, Wetzel & Whitehill, 1992). These benefits have been found to include improvement in practical reasoning skills, motivational levels, and retention. Reports of the effectiveness of educational games, measured as student involvement with the instructional task, have not been as consistently favorable, though a breakdown of the available studies by subject matter reveals that some knowledge domains are particularly suited to gaming, such as mathematics and language arts (Randel et al, 1992). Learning from designing games has received far less attention. This approach turns powerful authoring tools and design methodologies over to the students themselves. Consider the many projects produced in graduate-level instructional design and multimedia classes. Even if no one in the “intended audience” learns anything from the project, the designers themselves always know a great deal more about the project’s content from the act of building it. Learning by designing is a central idea in constructivism (Harel & Papert, 1990, 1992; Perkins, 1986) and game design is beginning to attract attention in the constructivist literature (Kafai, 1992, 1994a, 1994b). Likewise, our experiences with children support game design as an authentic, meaningful approach for students to situate school learning (Rieber, Luke & Smith, 1998). Instructional designers also need to give serious attention to the differential exposure of boys and girls in gaming environments (Lever, 1976). Although choices of play activities change for both boys and girls as they grow older, gender play preference differences are found at all age levels (Almqvist, 1989; Beato, 1997; Clarke, 1995; Krantz, 1997; Paley, 1984; Provenzo, 1981). Until recently, however, few video games were designed with female play preferences in mind. A survey by U.S. News and World Report (1996) indicated more than 6 million U.S. households included females between 8 and 18 with access to multimedia computers, yet there were relatively few computer games that were even marketed to girls. As a result, girls were not playing these games in great numbers. Thus, with greater hands-on experience, many boys regarded aspects of computers with greater confidence and familiarity than girls (Wajcman, 1991). However, after years of disregard, it now appears the industry is beginning to experience a change of heart. Some experts expect 200 new games, based on research that emphasizes girl’s play preferences, to reach store shelves by the fall of 1997 (Beato, 1997). This is a tenfold increase from 1996. For example, the company Purple Moon is specifically targeting the market of adolescent girls with help from video game pioneer Brenda Laurel. Companies are finally recognizing that girls have different interests and agendas. The stereotype that girls want “easy games” is also finally disappearing. As Krantz (1997, p. 49) notes, “Girls don’t think boys’ games are hard; they think they’re too stupid.” If girls are to have the same technological chances as boys, then teachers and parents need to seek the inclusion of computer “play” materials in the curriculum that motivates females as well as males. Play is an essential part of the learning process throughout life and should not be neglected. We feel that instructional design will benefit from recognizing this fact. Play that is serious and focused within a learning environment can help learners construct a more personalized and reflective understanding. As educators, our challenge is to implicate motivation into learning through play, and to recognize that play has an important cognitive role in learning. As instructional technologists, we have the opportunity to use the expanding power of computers to provide new venues for play in learning—as simulations, microworlds, and especially games. Computer games offer a new possibility for wedding motivation and self-regulated learning within a constructivist framework, one which strives to combine both training and education, practice and reflection, into a seamless learning experience. Computers are making possible a new chapter to be written in the long history of games in education. The issue of gender and learning is of particular importance to instructional technologists, since technology is often seen as a male prerogative. Instructors and educational game designers are beginning to have a better understanding of how gender differences affect learning, and how to implement that understanding in better instructional design. Research on computer programming by Sherry Turkle and Seymour Papert illustrate our perspective on the value of play in instructional technology. Turkle and Papert’s research (1991) contrasts two different programming styles that they describe as “hard” and “soft” mastery. Hard mastery is compared to the clarity and control of the engineer or scientist, while soft mastery is more like the give and take of a negotiator or artist. They equate soft mastery to that of a bricoleur, or tinkerer. Elements are continually and playfully rearranged to arrive at new combinations, often resulting in unexpected results. Just as Turkle and Papert advocate that the computer culture looks beyond a single method of programming, we advocate a variety of approaches to instructional design and learning. The value of play should not be overlooked. Application Exercise When was the last time you had serious play? What was it like? What allowed it to become serious play? Describe a time you found yourself in “flow.” What were you doing and how did you achieve flow? Randomly select one element from each of these lists: [Agriculture, Chemistry, Computer programming, Design skills, Math] [Toddlers, Sixth graders, Families, Young adults, the elderly] Using the principles from this chapter, design a game to teach _______ to _______. Almqvist, B. (1989). Age and gender differences in children’s Christmas requests. Play and Culture, 2, 2–19. Beato, G. (1997). Girl games. Wired, 5(4), 98, 100, 102–104. Blanchard, K. (1995). The anthropology of sport: An introduction – A revised edition. (2nd ed.). Westport, Connecticut: Bergin & Garvey Publisher, Inc. Burton, J. K., Moore, D. M., & Magliaro, S. G. (1996). Behaviorism and instructional technology. In D. Jonassen (Ed.), Handbook of research for educational communications and technology, (pp. 46–73). Washington, DC: Association for Educational Communications and Technology. Butler, D. L., & Winne, P. H. (1995). 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Effect of gaming and graphical metaphors on reflective cognition within computer-based simulations. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago. Rigby, C. S., Deci, E. L., Patrick, B. C., & Ryan, R. M. (1992). Beyond the intrinsic-extrinsic dichotomy: Self-determination in motivation and learning. Motivation and Emotion, 16(3), 165–185. Ryan, R. M., Connell, J. P., & Plant, R. W. (1990). Emotions in non-directed text learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 2, 1–17. Schank, R. C. (1990). Tell me a story: a new look at real and artificial memory. New York: Scribner. Schunk, D. H., & Zimmerman, B. J. (Eds.). (1994). Self-regulation of learning and performance: Issues and educational applications. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Spolin, V. (1986). Theater games for the classroom: A teacher’s handbook. Chicago: Northwestern University Press. Turkle, S. (1984). The second self: Computers and the human spirit. New York: Simon & Schuster. Turkle, S., & Papert, S. (1991). Epistemological pluralism and the revaluation of the concrete. In I. Harel & S. Papert (Eds.), Constructionism, (pp. 161–191). Norwood, NJ: Ablex. U.S. News & World Report. (1996). Press release [On-line]. Available: http://www.sdsc.edu/users/woodka/games.html Wajcman, J. (1991). Feminism confronts technology. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press. Winn, W., & Snyder, D. (1996). Cognitive perspectives in psychology. In D. Jonassen (Ed.), Handbook of research for educational communications and technology, (pp. 112–142). Washington, DC: Association for Educational Communications and Technology. Zimmerman, B. (1989). A social cognitive view of self-regulated academic learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 329–339. Zimmerman, B. (1990). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview. Educational Psychologist, 25(1), 3–17. Please complete this short survey to provide feedback on this chapter: http://bit.ly/ValueofSeriousPlay Dr. Lloyd P. Rieber is originally from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he was born and raised. He was once a public school teacher in New Mexico and in 1987 earned his PhD at Penn State. He is now a professor of learning, design, and technology at the University of Georgia. Before working at the University of Georgia, Lloyd spent six years on the faculty at Texas A&M. Lloyd’s research interests include simulations, games, accessibility, microworlds, and visualization. An interesting example of the value of play in the creative process at the corporate level can be found at Avelino Associates, a San Francisco-based organizational development and systems integration firm. Their intent is to create a collaboration between technological and artistic professionals. Multi-talented performing artists are hired by Avelino for creative and organizational skills that are highly transferable between the technological and artistic modes (DeDanan, 1997). ↵ In 1963, Viola Spolin in conjunction with Paul Sills founded the Second City Improvisational Theater and as such laid the foundation for all improvisational companies since. ↵ There is considerable debate in the motivational literature over whether the intrinsic value of an activity can be undermined by the promise of external rewards, a phenomena often referred to as "turning play into work"—an unfortunate wording, in our opinion, because it promotes the misconception that play is the opposite of work. (See Cameron & Pierce, 1994; Cameron & Pierce, 1996; Greene & Lepper, 1974; Lepper, Greene & Nisbett, 1973; Lepper & Chabay, 1985; Lepper, Keavney & Drake, 1996 for examples of the research and arguments surrounding this debate.) ↵ Previous: The MOOC Misstep and the Open Education Infrastructure Next: Educational Video Games The Value of Serious Play Copyright © 2018 by Lloyd Rieber, Lola Smith, and David Noah. All Rights Reserved.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0006.json.gz/line839

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