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__label__cc	0.740877	0.259123	The Intrepid Capital, Endurance, and International Funds invest in smaller companies, which involve additional risks such as limited liquidity and greater volatility. The Intrepid Capital, Income and Disciplined Value Funds invest in debt securities, which typically decrease in value when interest rates rise. This risk is usually greater for longer-term debt securities. Investment by these Funds in lower-rated and non-rated securities presents a greater risk of loss to principal and interest than higher-rated securities. The Funds may invest in foreign securities which involve greater volatility and political, economic and currency risks and differences in accounting methods. The risks of owning ETFs generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities they are designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in it being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities. ETFs also have management fees that increase their costs versus the costs of owning the underlying securities directly. ADRs may be subject to some of the same risks as direct investment in foreign companies, which includes international trade, currency, political, regulatory and diplomatic risks. Diversification does not guarantee a profit or protect from loss in a declining market.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2588
__label__wiki	0.796832	0.796832	This article is about the province. For its capital city, see Iloilo City. For other uses, see Iloilo (disambiguation). Province of Iloilo Nickname(s): The Heart of the Philippines Location in the Philippines Coordinates: 11°00′N 122°40′E / 11°N 122.67°E / 11; 122.67Coordinates: 11°00′N 122°40′E / 11°N 122.67°E / 11; 122.67 Western Visayas (Region VI) • Type Sangguniang Panlalawigan • Governor Arthur Defensor, Sr. (LP) • Vice Governor Christine Garin (LP) Area[1] 5,000.83 km2 (1,930.83 sq mi) Area rank 19th out of 81 (excluding Iloilo City) Population (2015 census)[2] • Density rank • Independent cities • Component cities • Municipalities Alimodian Badiangan Barotac Nuevo Barotac Viejo Batad Bingawan Cabatuan Calinog Dueñas Dumangas Guimbal Igbaras Janiuay Lambunao Maasin Miagao New Lucena Pototan San Dionisio Tigbauan Tubungan Zarraga • Barangays including independent cities: 1,901 • Districts 1st to 5th districts of Iloilo including independent cities: Lone district of Iloilo City PST (UTC+8) IDD : area code +63 (0)33 PH-ILI Hiligaynon (Ilonggo) Kinaray-a Capiznon Registered Voters 1,347,514 (2016) including Iloilo City iloilo.gov.ph Iloilo (Hiligaynon: Kapuoran sang Iloilo; Karay-a: Probinsiya kang Iloilo; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Iloilo) is a province located in the region of Western Visayas in the Philippines. Iloilo occupies a major southeast portion of the island of Panay and is bordered by the province of Antique to the west, Capiz to the north, the Jintotolo Channel to the northeast, the Guimaras Strait to the east, and the Iloilo Strait and Panay Gulf to the southwest. Just off Iloilo's southeast coast is the island province of Guimaras, once part of Iloilo but now an independent province. Across the Panay Gulf and Guimaras Strait is Negros Occidental, occupying the northeastern half of the island of Negros. Iloilo's capital is Iloilo City, though the city itself is independent and not governed by the provincial government of Iloilo. According to the 2015 census, the population of the province (excluding Iloilo City) is 1,936,423. If Iloilo City is included, the population is 2,361,042. At the time of the Spanish conquest, writing was a new import and the use of organic medium such as leaf and bamboo, and no pre-Hispanic written accounts of Iloilo exist today. Oral history, in the form of recited epics, has survived to a small degree, with a few recordings made from the last known surviving binukots. But from these oral history and from writings from other sources, one can still glean Iloilo's prehispanic past. The controversial origins of the people of Iloilo is said to be from the state of Pannai, a country occupying Sumatra. Pannai was a militant nation allied under the Sri-Vijaya Mandala that defended the conflict-ridden Strait of Malacca. The small kingdom repulsed any unlicensed Chinese, Indian or Arab navies that often warred in or pirated the straights of Malacca and for a small country, they were adept at taking down armadas larger than itself. They were successful in policing and defending the straights of Malacca for the Mandala of Sri-Vijaya until the Chola invasion of Srivijaya occurred, wherein a surprise attack from behind, originating from the occupied capital, rendered the militant-state of Pannai vulnerable from an unprotected assault from the back flank. The Chola invaders eventually destroyed the state of Pannai and its surviving soldiers, royals and scholars were said to have been secreted-out eastwards. In their 450 years of occupying Sumatra, they refused to be enslaved to Islam, Taoism or Hinduism but after the state's dissolution, the people who stayed behind in Pannai, themselves, have a legend wherein the high-borne scholars, soldiers and nobles of Pannai, "fled to other islands." [3] At this juncture, Iloilo came into prominence, when the local settlement called Irong-Irong and was founded by Datu Paiburong, who presumably fled the fallen Sri Vijaya Mandala after he and his fellows within the new Mandala of Confederation of Madja-as, bought the island of Panay (Which they presumably named after the state of Pannai or the shortening of the Ati word, Ananipay) from the Negrito Chieftain, Marikudo. The Confederation of Madya-as eventually grew a powerful and strong naval presence that it rivaled the nearby states of the Rajahnate of Cebu, The Kingdom of Tondo and the Sultanate of Sulu when it came to wealth and prestige. Left to right: Images from the Boxer Codex illustrating an ancient kadatuan or tumao of the Visayans of Panay wearing the distinctive colors of their social status: [1] a noble couple and [2] a royal couple. The wealth and prestige of these Visayans from Panay are clearly demonstrated vis-a-vis their loincloth-wearing Cebuano neighbors which the Spaniards called "Pintados" or "Tattooed Ones" By 1512, this state had grown so powerful militarily and economically, their naval power regularly threatened Chinese Imperial shipping. So much so, that the Chuan-chou gazeeter specifically reported that the Pisheya (Bisaya) (Another term for people from Iloilo) consistently made devastating raids against the Empire's commerce [4] Nevertheless, Spain eventually succeeded on conquering of the island of Panay when Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi moved his headquarters from the island of Cebu and creating the first Spanish settlement in the island in Ogtong in 1566. This is mainly due in part to the rivalries between the Bisaya and Moro, of which the former found an ally in Spanish against the latter. The Bisaya accepted alliances with Spain, to defend themselves against the enslaving Moros. To this end, Iloilo contributed troops in the Castille War against the Sultanate of Brunei. In 1581, the encomienda in Ogtong was moved to La Villa Rica de Arevalo, because of frequent coastal raids by the Dutch privateers. Furthermore, an attack in the year 1600 (Part of the Spanish–Moro conflict) where there was a large Muslim armada to destroy Iloilo City, led by two Moros named Sirungan and Salikala who lead the Muslim force of 70 ships and 4,000 warriors that had raided and attacked several Visayan islands in order to abduct slaves to sell to their allies in the Sultanate of Demak and the Sultanate of Malacca, eventually caused the move of the city center further on to the mouth of the Irong-Irong river founding what is now Iloilo City and constructing Fort San Pedro to defend it in 1616.[5] Nevertheless, when the 4,000 Moros led by Sirungan and Salikala tried to attack Iloilo City they were repulsed with heavy losses in Arevalo, Iloilo by a force of 1,000 Hiligaynon warriors and 70 Spanish arquebusiers under the command of Juan García de Sierra, who died in battle.[6] Soon, the area itself began to prosper, due to its successful textile and sugar industry. As a result, it received Chinese immigrants from the west (that worked for its trades) and Latinos from the ports of Mexico in the east (to man its military installations). And over time Iloilo grew to be the most important province outside Manila. The City of Iloilo by virtue of a Royal Decree of 1896 was given the honor of having a coat of arms with the Inscription: "La Muy Leal y Noble Ciudad de Iloilo (The Most Loyal and Noble City) in reward for its loyalty to Spain during the Philippine uprising. During the American period, Iloilo then became a home to many firsts: including the first department stores and cinemas in the country. Nevertheless, Iloilo experienced a fall from grace after it was severely devastated in World War II and then had a decline during the 1950s-2000s. In part due to the great Iloilo fire which ruined the economy and the slow death of the sugar and textile industries that eventually some prominent families (Iloilo then, had the highest concentration of millionaires outside Manila) to abandon the city to go to other areas such as Bacolod, Cebu and Manila. Still, the large middle-class populace of Iloilo and its agri-business sector has managed to maintain the province despite the exodus of some of its prominent families. Iloilo covers a total area of 5,000.83 square kilometres (1,930.83 sq mi)[7] occupying the central and eastern section of Panay island in the Western Visayas region. The province is bordered by province of Antique to the west, Capiz to the north, the Jintotolo Channel to the northeast, the Guimaras Strait to the east, and the Iloilo Strait and Panay Gulf to the southwest. The province is divided into two distinct geographic regions; the highlands of the Madia-as on the western border and the lowland plains which account for a larger portion of the province. Small islands east of its northernmost tip also dot the Visayan Sea - of these, Pan de Azucar and Sicogon are well-known. Expansive fishponds and mangrove wetlands are found along the coasts and rivers of Oton, Iloilo City, Leganes, Zarraga, Dumangas, Barotac Nuevo, Anilao, Banate, Barotac Viejo, Ajuy, Balasan, and Carles. Iloilo consists of 42 municipalities, one component city, and one highly urbanized city. † Provincial capital and highly urbanized city ∗ Component city District[7] ±% p.a. Brgy. Coordinates[A] sq mi /km2 /sq mi 5th 7000270000000000000♠2.7% 52,268 47,248 1.94% 175.57 67.79 300 780 34 11°10′17″N 123°01′12″E / 11.1713°N 123.0199°E / 11.1713; 123.0199 (Ajuy) 2nd 7000200000000000000♠2.0% 38,408 37,484 0.46% 144.82 55.92 270 700 51 10°48′59″N 122°25′56″E / 10.8163°N 122.4321°E / 10.8163; 122.4321 (Alimodian) 4th 7000150000000000000♠1.5% 28,684 27,486 0.82% 100.31 38.73 290 750 21 10°58′44″N 122°45′04″E / 10.9789°N 122.7511°E / 10.9789; 122.7511 (Anilao) 3rd 7000140000000099999♠1.4% 27,005 26,218 0.56% 77.50 29.92 350 910 31 10°59′11″N 122°32′12″E / 10.9863°N 122.5367°E / 10.9863; 122.5367 (Badiangan) 5th 7000170000000000000♠1.7% 33,088 29,724 2.06% 54.27 20.95 610 1,600 23 11°28′23″N 123°05′21″E / 11.4731°N 123.0891°E / 11.4731; 123.0891 (Balasan) 4th 7000170000000000000♠1.7% 32,532 29,543 1.85% 102.89 39.73 320 830 18 11°00′02″N 122°49′06″E / 11.0006°N 122.8182°E / 11.0006; 122.8182 (Banate) 4th 7000280000000099999♠2.8% 54,146 51,867 0.82% 94.49 36.48 570 1,500 29 10°53′42″N 122°42′15″E / 10.8951°N 122.7041°E / 10.8951; 122.7041 (Barotac Nuevo) 5th 7000240000000000000♠2.4% 45,808 41,470 1.91% 185.78 71.73 250 650 26 11°02′31″N 122°51′02″E / 11.0419°N 122.8505°E / 11.0419; 122.8505 (Barotac Viejo) 5th 7000110000000000000♠1.1% 21,298 19,385 1.81% 53.10 20.50 400 1,000 24 11°25′02″N 123°06′35″E / 11.4173°N 123.1098°E / 11.4173; 123.1098 (Batad) 3rd 6999800000000000000♠0.8% 15,199 13,432 2.38% 85.20 32.90 180 470 14 11°13′58″N 122°34′03″E / 11.2329°N 122.5675°E / 11.2329; 122.5675 (Bingawan) 3rd 7000300000000000000♠3.0% 58,442 54,950 1.18% 112.90 43.59 520 1,300 68 10°52′49″N 122°28′53″E / 10.8803°N 122.4815°E / 10.8803; 122.4815 (Cabatuan) 3rd 7000310000000000000♠3.1% 60,413 54,430 2.01% 274.55 106.00 220 570 59 11°07′21″N 122°32′17″E / 11.1225°N 122.5380°E / 11.1225; 122.5380 (Calinog) 5th 7000350000000000000♠3.5% 68,160 62,690 1.61% 104.05 40.17 660 1,700 33 11°34′17″N 123°07′57″E / 11.5713°N 123.1326°E / 11.5713; 123.1326 (Carles) 5th 7000220000000000000♠2.2% 43,159 39,617 1.64% 86.12 33.25 500 1,300 25 11°12′53″N 123°06′30″E / 11.2148°N 123.1082°E / 11.2148; 123.1082 (Concepcion) 4th 7000230000000099999♠2.3% 45,335 43,290 0.88% 98.37 37.98 460 1,200 33 11°00′00″N 122°40′18″E / 11.0000°N 122.6717°E / 11.0000; 122.6717 (Dingle) 4th 7000180000000000000♠1.8% 34,242 33,671 0.32% 90.52 34.95 380 980 47 11°03′58″N 122°37′06″E / 11.0662°N 122.6183°E / 11.0662; 122.6183 (Duenas) 4th 7000360000000000000♠3.6% 69,108 66,108 0.85% 128.70 49.69 540 1,400 45 10°49′17″N 122°42′44″E / 10.8214°N 122.7122°E / 10.8214; 122.7122 (Dumangas) 5th 7000250000000000000♠2.5% 48,546 42,666 2.49% 29.38 11.34 1,700 4,400 25 11°27′29″N 123°09′04″E / 11.4580°N 123.1511°E / 11.4580; 123.1511 (Estancia) 1st 7000170000000000000♠1.7% 33,820 32,325 0.86% 44.61 17.22 760 2,000 33 10°39′41″N 122°19′22″E / 10.6615°N 122.3228°E / 10.6615; 122.3228 (Guimbal) 1st 7000170000000000000♠1.7% 32,004 31,347 0.40% 148.72 57.42 220 570 46 10°43′02″N 122°15′55″E / 10.7172°N 122.2654°E / 10.7172; 122.2654 (Igbaras) † lone — 447,992 424,619 1.03% 78.34 30.25 5,700 15,000 180 10°42′09″N 122°34′08″E / 10.7024°N 122.5690°E / 10.7024; 122.5690 (Iloilo City) 3rd 7000330000000000000♠3.3% 63,905 63,031 0.26% 179.10 69.15 360 930 60 10°56′57″N 122°30′07″E / 10.9491°N 122.5019°E / 10.9491; 122.5019 (Janiuay) 3rd 7000380000000000000♠3.8% 73,640 69,023 1.24% 407.09 157.18 180 470 73 11°03′19″N 122°28′29″E / 11.0553°N 122.4746°E / 11.0553; 122.4746 (Lambunao) 2nd 7000170000000000000♠1.7% 32,480 29,438 1.89% 32.20 12.43 1,000 2,600 18 10°47′11″N 122°35′21″E / 10.7863°N 122.5892°E / 10.7863; 122.5892 (Leganes) 5th 7000160000000000000♠1.6% 30,851 27,441 2.26% 119.90 46.29 260 670 31 11°13′33″N 122°55′39″E / 11.2258°N 122.9274°E / 11.2258; 122.9274 (Lemery) 2nd 7000260000000000000♠2.6% 49,875 47,522 0.92% 140.20 54.13 360 930 85 10°46′50″N 122°23′18″E / 10.7805°N 122.3882°E / 10.7805; 122.3882 (Leon) 3rd 7000190000000000000♠1.9% 36,922 35,069 0.99% 128.59 49.65 290 750 50 10°53′27″N 122°26′00″E / 10.8908°N 122.4332°E / 10.8908; 122.4332 (Maasin) 1st 7000350000000000000♠3.5% 67,565 64,545 0.87% 156.80 60.54 430 1,100 119 10°38′28″N 122°14′08″E / 10.6410°N 122.2355°E / 10.6410; 122.2355 (Miagao) 3rd 7000120000000000000♠1.2% 23,546 21,785 1.49% 43.40 16.76 540 1,400 22 10°55′48″N 122°34′27″E / 10.9300°N 122.5742°E / 10.9300; 122.5742 (Mina) 2nd 7000120000000000000♠1.2% 23,240 22,174 0.90% 44.10 17.03 530 1,400 21 10°52′39″N 122°35′48″E / 10.8776°N 122.5967°E / 10.8776; 122.5967 (New Lucena) 1st 7000460000000099999♠4.6% 89,115 82,572 1.46% 86.44 33.37 1,000 2,600 37 10°41′37″N 122°28′38″E / 10.6936°N 122.4773°E / 10.6936; 122.4773 (Oton) ∗ 4th 7000420000000000000♠4.2% 80,544 79,663 0.21% 251.39 97.06 320 830 51 11°07′03″N 122°38′36″E / 11.1174°N 122.6432°E / 11.1174; 122.6432 (Passi) 2nd 7000290000000000000♠2.9% 55,603 43,614 4.73% 27.15 10.48 2,000 5,200 18 10°46′29″N 122°32′31″E / 10.7748°N 122.5419°E / 10.7748; 122.5419 (Pavia) 3rd 7000390000000000000♠3.9% 75,070 70,955 1.08% 97.10 37.49 770 2,000 50 10°56′32″N 122°38′09″E / 10.9421°N 122.6358°E / 10.9421; 122.6358 (Pototan) 5th 7000200000000000000♠2.0% 38,775 33,650 2.74% 127.06 49.06 310 800 29 11°16′12″N 123°05′39″E / 11.2701°N 123.0942°E / 11.2701; 123.0942 (San Dionisio) 4th 7000180000000000000♠1.8% 33,911 32,422 0.86% 110.28 42.58 310 800 28 11°04′21″N 122°39′21″E / 11.0724°N 122.6558°E / 11.0724; 122.6558 (San Enrique) 1st 7000270000000000000♠2.7% 51,892 51,645 0.09% 234.84 90.67 220 570 85 10°35′11″N 122°08′32″E / 10.5865°N 122.1422°E / 10.5865; 122.1422 (San Joaquin) 2nd 7000140000000099999♠1.4% 27,686 25,013 1.95% 31.97 12.34 870 2,300 24 10°46′51″N 122°27′54″E / 10.7807°N 122.4650°E / 10.7807; 122.4650 (San Miguel) 5th 6999900000000000000♠0.9% 16,532 14,655 2.32% 67.05 25.89 250 650 9 11°10′48″N 122°49′44″E / 11.1801°N 122.8288°E / 11.1801; 122.8288 (San Rafael) 2nd 7000310000000000000♠3.1% 60,215 55,472 1.57% 131.96 50.95 460 1,200 60 10°49′38″N 122°31′53″E / 10.8272°N 122.5314°E / 10.8272; 122.5314 (Santa Barbara) 5th 7000270000000000000♠2.7% 52,631 46,889 2.22% 169.02 65.26 310 800 42 11°15′31″N 123°00′46″E / 11.2587°N 123.0128°E / 11.2587; 123.0128 (Sara) 1st 7000320000000000000♠3.2% 62,706 58,814 1.23% 83.68 32.31 750 1,900 52 10°40′28″N 122°22′34″E / 10.6744°N 122.3761°E / 10.6744; 122.3761 (Tigbauan) 1st 7000120000000000000♠1.2% 22,449 21,540 0.79% 85.18 32.89 260 670 48 10°45′55″N 122°19′05″E / 10.7654°N 122.3181°E / 10.7654; 122.3181 (Tubungan) 2nd 7000130000000000000♠1.3% 25,605 23,693 1.49% 54.48 21.03 470 1,200 24 10°49′25″N 122°36′36″E / 10.8236°N 122.6099°E / 10.8236; 122.6099 (Zarraga) Total[B] (see GeoGroup box) ^ Coordinates mark the city/town center, and are sortable by latitude. ^ Total figures exclude the highly urbanized city of Iloilo. Climate data for Iloilo, Philippines — NOAA Station Id: PH98637 (86.4) 31.12 (10.047) 313.2 (2.528) 1,953.7 82 80 75 73 77 82 85 85 85 84 84 83 81.25 Source: "Climate (Average Weather) Data". Climate-Charts.com. Retrieved March 13, 2011. Population census of 1,337,981 — 1,415,022 +1.05% Source: National Statistics Office[2][8][8] The population of Iloilo in the 2015 census was 1,936,423 people,[2] with a density of 390 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,000 inhabitants per square mile. If the highly urbanized city of Iloilo is included for geographical purposes, the province's total population is 2,361,042 people, with a density of 465/km2 (1,204/sq mi). People from Iloilo are called Ilonggos. There are three local languages spoken in the province: Hiligaynon (Ilonggo), Kinaray-a and Capiznon. Hiligaynon and dialects/variants of it are spoken in Iloilo City and a few towns of the province. Spanish is strictly a local language, at least in a historical way with the number of natural Spanish speakers strongly declining after WWII, and due to this, there are today many Ilonggos who do not consider it a local language. The Ten Commandments in Hiligaynon, the language of Panay Languages Spoken (2000)[9] Language Speakers Hiligaynon Other Visayan languages Hiligaynon (sometimes referred to as Ilonggo) is an Austronesian language spoken in Western Visayas in the Philippines. Hiligaynon is concentrated in the city of Iloilo and surrounding areas, as well as the northeastern portion of the province,[10] the northern portion of Guimaras and the western side of Negros Island Region, mainly in the province of Negros Occidental, as well as the provinces of South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat and North Cotabato in Mindanao. It is also spoken in the other provinces in Panay, such as Capiz, Antique and Aklan, as well as in some parts of Maguindanao municipalities of Datu Paglas, Buluan and Mangudadatu as well. It is also spoken as a second language by Kinaray-a speakers in Antique, Aklanon/Malaynon speakers in Aklan, Cebuano speakers in Negros Oriental, and Capiznon speakers in Capiz. There are approximately more than 7,000,000 people in and outside the Philippines who are native speakers of Hiligaynon, and an additional 4,000,000 who are capable of speaking it with a substantial degree of proficiency. The language is referred to as Ilonggo in Negros Occidental and in Iloilo. More precisely, Ilonggo is an ethnolinguistic group referring to the people living in Panay and the culture associated with the people speaking Hiligaynon. The boundaries of the dialect called Ilonggo and that called Hiligaynon are unclear. The disagreement of where what name is correct extends to Philippine language specialists and native laymen. Iloilo is Catholic predominated province comprising about 80% of the population. Protestant churches also exist such as members of Philippine Independent Church or Aglipayan Church with 15% of the population, Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist, Adventist, and other Evangelical Christians; There are also non Protestant and other Christian sects such as Iglesia Ni Cristo, Church of Christ of Latter day Saints (Mormon) and Jehovah's Witnesses while non Christians are usually represented by Muslims, and to a lesser extent, Buddhists and Hindus. Spanish architecture can be seen in old buildings in downtown Iloilo. Ancient Indonesians and Malaysians, and later Chinese and Japanese merchants were trading with the Ilonggos long before the Spaniards came. The ruling Spanish government encouraged these foreign merchants to trade in Iloilo but they were not given privileges like ownership of land. Foreign merchants and Spaniards intermarried with the locals, and the Mestizo class was eventually born from their union. The Mestizo offsprings of the local nobilities later emerged as the ruling class of the Ilonggos (see Principalía). The town's fiesta is one of the most important events for Ilonggos. Almost every town (municipality) in Iloilo has a fiesta and festival celebrated annually. Iloilo is also home to two of the nation's cultural minorities the Sulod-Bukidnon and the Ati. Governor: Arthur D. Defensor, Sr. Vice Governor: Christine S. Garin Provincial board members Renee Valencia Marcelo Valentin Serag Demmy P. Sonza Liecel Mondejar-Seville Lorenz Defensor Manny Gallar Bryan Paul Biron Domingo Oso Bongbong Tupas Jeneda Salcedo-Orendain The Old Capitol building of the Province of Iloilo Ex-officio Board Members PCL President: Paolo M. Guanco ABC President: 1st District: Oscar S. Garin, Jr. 2nd District: Arcadio H. Gorriceta 3rd District: Arthur D. Defensor, Jr. 4th District: Hernan Biron, Jr. 5th District: Niel C. Tupas, Jr. Iloilo's economy is vibrant, because of good political will and the cooperation of the Ilonggos. Iloilo's "economic boom" made thousands of jobs, and made the province one of the most competitive in the country. Iloilo City is the center for real estate, accommodation, medical centers, education, shopping centers, business centers, IT/BPO centers and many more. Iloilo's Northern part consists of a strong fishing industry and a booming tourism industry. It is near the Visayan Sea which makes the province one of the leading areas in fisheries in the country. The Central part is an agri-industrial center producing a wide array of agricultural products such as corn, rice, bananas, sugar, and pineapples among others as well as high-end crops in the Bucari Area in Leon and in the highlands of Alimodian, inland resorts and trekking sites. The sugar industries is centered in Passi City and its neighboring towns like Lambunao, Duenas, San Enrique, and Binggawan. Southern Iloilo's economy is mostly based on tourism because of the century-old churches and colonized buildings and its beaches and marine reserves especially in Guimbal, Miagao, and San Joaquin towns. Iloilo International Airport Main article: Iloilo International Airport The airport serves the Province of Iloilo, including its capital city, Iloilo City, the regional center of the Western Visayas region in the Philippines. It opened its doors to commercial traffic on June 14, 2007 after a decade of planning and construction, replacing the old Iloilo Airport in Mandurriao, Iloilo City and inherited its IATA and ICAO airport codes. It is the fourth-busiest airport in the Philippines, from its predecessor. It is the first airport in both Western Visayas and the island of Panay to be built to international standards, and one of the four airports in the region planned to be an international gateway. It is one of the 2 international airports in Western Visayas, the other one being Kalibo International Airport. Iloilo Port Complex Main article: Port of Iloilo The Port of Iloilo, considered the leader of trade and a commercial hub for Western Visayas is also one of the safest natural seaports in the Philippines. The Iloilo Commercial Port Complex is located on 20.8 hectares of reclaimed land. It includes 11,400 sq. meters of open space for operations, supplemented by an area of 97,000 sq. meters, a crane, rails of 348 lineal meters; roll-on-roll-off support; a 7,800 container freight stations; and a 720 sq. meter passenger shed. The port complex is ideal for ships plying international routes having a berth length of 400 meters, a width of 26.26 meters and a berthing depth of 10.50 meters. A number of shipping companies use the Port of Iloilo, including Lorenzo Shipping Corporation, 2GO, Amigo Shipping Company, New Panay Shipping Company, Sulpicio Lines, and Trans-Asia Shipping Lines Inc. Fast ferries serve Iloilo-Bacolod routes eight times daily. 2GO inter-island, overnight ferries serve longer routes, going to Manila, Bacolod, Cebu, Zamboanga and Cagayan de Oro City. Pumpboat ferries cross the Iloilo Strait to Guimaras constantly during the day and on special trips at night. Roll-on/roll-off ferry service, known as RO-RO, is available between Iloilo City and Guimaras, but the ro-ro to Negros is available from Dumangas, Iloilo including ro-ro from Iloilo to Palawan. It is ranked third in terms of ship calls at 11,853, fourth in cargo throughout at 491,719 million metric tons and fourth in passenger traffic at 2.4 million annually. Iloilo is one of the most accessible provinces in the Philippines. Iloilo can be reached by plane on regular commercial international flights from Hong Kong and Singapore to the Iloilo International Airport. Direct domestic flights connect Iloilo to major cities in the Philippines including Manila, Cebu, Davao, General Santos, Puerto Princesa, and Cagayan de Oro. Direct ferry routes and roll-on roll-off connections on the Philippines’ nautical highway are also available between Iloilo and all major cities in the country. By plane, travel time to the Iloilo takes around 1 hour from Manila, 30 minutes from Cebu, 2 hours and 30 minutes from Hong Kong, and 3 hours and 30 minutes from Singapore. By direct ferry, Iloilo is approximately 1.5 hours away from Bacolod, and 15 minutes away from Guimaras. By land, Iloilo is around 4–5 hours away from Boracay, 3 hours away from Kalibo, and 2 hours away from Roxas City. Iloilo transportation gateways Iloilo International Airport – The Iloilo International Airport is the primary gateway to Iloilo. It serves regularly scheduled direct domestic flights to Iloilo from major Philippine airlines including Manila, Cebu, Davao, General Santos, Puerto Princesa, and Cagayan de Oro. The airport also serves international flights from Iloilo to Hong Kong and Singapore. Flights to Iloilo are served by Cebu Pacific, Philippine Airlines, PAL Express, and TigerAir. The Iloilo Airport is located approximately 19 kilometers or 20 minutes away by taxi from Iloilo City. Iloilo Seaports – Ferries in Iloilo depart and arrive at various seaports in Iloilo City and Iloilo Province depending on the route and vessel type. (1) Ferry terminals along the Iloilo River in Lapuz district, Iloilo City serves fastcraft ferries from Bacolod, RORO ferries from Guimaras, and ferries from Palawan. (2) The Iloilo Domestic Port in Fort San Pedro, Iloilo City Proper serves shipping companies with routes from Manila, Cebu, Cagayan de Oro, and Zamboanga.[11] The Miag-ao Church is one of the Baroque Churches of the Philippines. St. William The Hermit Parish Church of Passi City, the longest and one of the largest and oldest churches in Iloilo Province As a leading province during the Spanish Colonial Era, the province of Iloilo is widely known for its beautiful old world architecture similar to that of Latin American Countries. Spanish colonial Churches are amongst the well-known tourist sites in the province. Some natural sites are also in here as well as mixed-use parks that sprawl around the province. Miag-ao Church. A World Heritage Site. The Aztec-Baroque inspired church with Filipino botanicals used to carved on the facade. It is known for its intricate facade and pyramidal bell towers. The church was used as a fortress during the olden days. It is a massive structure built of yellowish Limestones. Molo Church. The Gothic Renaissance Church of Molo was used as a watch tower to warn the people if there are any attackers on the shore of Iloilo City. It is a fine coral stone church with Classical and Gothic details. It is also known as the feminist church because of the beautiful female saints lining inside the church. Cabatuan Church. This Neoclassic Church, known to be the most massive Hispanic structure in Iloilo is built of red bricks. It is believed to be the largest red brick structure in the Visayas and it was given the title "Model of Temples" by the 'El Eco de Panay'. The Cabatuan Church is known to be the only extant Spanish colonial church with three facades. San Jose Church. The beautiful church in front of plaza Libertad is considered the most historic amongst the churches in Iloilo City. It is a Byzantine-Neoclassic Church planned to look like the Spanish Church of Valencia del Cid. The Church is known for its collection of priceless Catholic treasures. Passi City Church. This is considered a militaristic church in that it was planned as a ‘fortress church’ and the proof of this can be seen in the massive buttresses which support the front and back walls of the church. The church was built to replace churches that had been destroyed by an earthquake in 1612 and subsequent churches that had been destroyed by fires. Old Capitol building of the Province of Iloilo. A National Historical Site. The building was built with wood stone during the Spanish colonization. It served as the capitol when the civil government of Iloilo was founded in 1901. The National Historical Institute (NHI) formally recognized the Old Capitol as a historical landmark through a marker installed on its walls on April 11, 2010.[12] Bucari Area. Bucari Area is an area with mountainous terrain situated in the highlands of Leon and Alimodian. It is known as the "Summer Capital of Iloilo" and declared as a special economic zone for tourism and ecological enterprise due to its cool climate, topography, highland attractions and scenery. Bulabog Putian National Park. Bulabog Puti-an National Park is a protected rain forest area known for being a living museum of flora and fauna. Hundreds of local and foreign tourists visit the 847 eco-tourism park to immerse in the area’s natural attractions such as its various forms of wildlife and more than 30 caves. It is located within the municipalities of San Enrique and Dingle.[13] Islas de Gigantes. The Islas de Gigantes is an island group found in the offshores of the municipality of Carles. The place is known for its numerous caves, white sand beaches, emerald-like shores and lagoon, and rock formations. Santa Barbara Church. The Santa Barbara Parish Church and Convent is considered to be the "Cradle of Independence" in Panay and in the Visayas. In 1991, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines declared Santa Barbara Church and Convent as a National Landmark. The church was the site where General Martin Delgado of the Visayan Revolutionary Government started the junta that resulted to the first Cry of Revolution against the Spaniards outside Luzon. It was also used as the general headquarters and military hospital of the revolutionary forces. Calle Real Heritage District. Calle Real, or the J.M. Basa St. In Iloilo City, is once the shopping and entertainment center of the city during the Spainsh and American period. It houses numerous old colonized buildings. Iloilo River Esplanade. The Esplanade is Iloilo City's newest hub for dining, leisure and recreation. Poised to be one of the longest linear park in the country. Iloilo Golf and Country Club. The Iloilo Golf Course and Country Club is the oldest golf course in South East Asia. It all began in the 1850s when the British, led by Iloilo-based Vice Consul Nicholas Loney known today as the “Father of the Philippine Sugar Industry." ABBA Institute of Technology, Iloilo City ABE International Business College - Iloilo Campus AMA Computer University, Iloilo City Cabalum Western College, Iloilo City Central Philippine University, Iloilo City Colegio de San Jose, Iloilo City Colegio del Sagrado Corazon de Jesus, Iloilo City De Paul College, Iloilo City Dominican College of Iloilo, Zarraga, Iloilo Hua Siong College of Iloilo, Iznart Street, Iloilo City Iloilo City Community College,Iloilo City Iloilo Doctor's College, Iloilo City Iloilo Technical College, Iloilo City Interface Computer College, Iloilo City Iloilo Scholastic Academy, Iloilo City ISCOF/Iloilo State University of Science and Technology (ISUST)-Dumangas Campus ISCOF/ISUST - Main Campus, Tiwi Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo ISCOF/ISUST-Barotac Nuevo Polytechnic Institute Barotac Nuevo Campus ISCOF/ISUST-Dingle Agricultural College Dingle Campus ISCOF/ISUST-San Enrique Polytechnic College San Enrique Campus John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - Molo Campus, Molo, Iloilo City John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - Villa Arevalo Campus, Villa Arevalo, Iloilo City Leon Ganzon Polythechnic College, Balasan, Iloilo New Lucena Polytechnic College-New Lucena NIPSC Laboratory High School - West Campus, Estancia, Iloilo NIPSC - Ajuy Campus NIPSC - Barotac Viejo Campus NIPSC - Batad Campus NIPSC - Concepcion (CPC) NIPSC - Lemery Campus NIPSC - Sara Campus Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College (Main) Estancia, Iloilo Passi City College, Passi City, Iloilo St. Paul's University, Iloilo City St. Therese – MTC colleges La Fiesta Site, Molo, Iloilo City St. Therese – MTC colleges Magdalo Site, La Paz, Iloilo City St. Therese – MTC colleges Tigbauan Site, Tigbauan, Iloilo St. Vincent College of Science and Technology, Leganes, Iloilo STI College, Iloilo City University of Iloilo - PHINMA Education Network University of Iloilo, Iloilo City University of San Agustin, Iloilo City University of the Philippines Visayas Iloilo City Campus, Iloilo City University of the Philippines Visayas Miag-ao Campus (UPV Main Campus), Miag-ao, Iloilo West Visayas State University Main Campus, Iloilo City Western Institute of Technology, Iloilo City Western Visayas College of Science and Technology Main Campus, Iloilo City WVCST-Don Jose Sustiguer Monfort Memorial National College, Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo WVCST-Leon National College of Agriculture, Leon, Iloilo WVCST-Purification Dolar Monfort College, Dumangas, Iloilo WVCST-Southern Iloilo Polytechnic College, Miag-ao, Iloilo WVSU-Calinog Campus, Calinog, Iloilo WVSU-Janiuay Campus, Janiuay, Iloilo WVSU-College of Agriculture and Forestry Campus, Lambunao, Iloilo WVSU-Lambunao East Campus, Lambunao, Iloilo WVSU-Pototan Campus, Pototan, Iloilo SPED-Integrated School for Exceptional Children Stallion F.C. is an association football club founded in Barotac Nuevo. The club is affiliated with the Iloilo Football Association and currently playing in Division 1 of the United Football League. Iloilo City is home to regional television stations of GMA Network (GMA TV6 & GMA News TV 28), TV5 (UHF 36 & AksyonTV 46), Solar channels (9TV TV-4) ETC UHF 32 & 2nd Avenue UHF 24), (BEAM UHF 26) and ABS-CBN (ABS-CBN TV10, ABS-CBN Sports+Action (UHF 38)). Notable Ilonggos Main article: List of people from Iloilo ↑ "List of Provinces". PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2013. 1 2 3 4 "Region VI (WESTERN VISAYAS)". Census of Population (2015): Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay (Report). PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016. ↑ Francisco Colin, S.J.; Madrid, published in 1663 , from his Labor evangélica ↑ Chuan-chou Fu-chi (Ch.10) Year 1512 ↑ http://ilongo.weebly.com/iloilo-history-part-2.html ↑ Philippines: A Unique Nation By Dr. Sonia M. Zaide (2015) p. 150. [All Nations Publishing Co., Inc.] 1 2 3 "Province: Iloilo". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 January 2016. 1 2 3 "Region VI (WESTERN VISAYAS)". Census of Population and Housing (2010): Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay (Report). NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016. ↑ Table 5. Household Population by Ethnicity and Sex: Iloilo, 2000 ↑ and http://ilongo.weebly.com/languages-of-iloilo.html ↑ http://www.exploreiloilo.com/guide/iloilo-transportation/ ↑ "Old Iloilo capitol now a national historical site". Philippine Information Agency. 13 April 2010. Archived from the original on October 2, 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2010. Media related to Iloilo at Wikimedia Commons Iloilo (province) travel guide from Wikivoyage Geographic data related to Iloilo at OpenStreetMap Iloilo Travel Website Republic of the Philippines: Official website of the Provincial Government of Iloilo Philippine Standard Geographic Code Antique Visayan Sea Iloilo Strait, Guimaras Strait Guimaras / Negros Occidental Iloilo (capital) Component city Highly urbanized city Iloilo (Administratively independent from the province but grouped under Iloilo by the Philippine Statistics Authority.) 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__label__cc	0.577023	0.422977	IPVM Member Login Forgot your password? \| Join now Home About Articles Members Tests Courses Tools AI Tester BestMatch Calculator Chat Comparison Camera Finder F-Stop Integrator Finder News Spider Quizzes Vulnerability Scanner Discussions Login Access Control (842) Acquisition (179) ASIS (189) Audio (179) Awards (35) Bandwidth (399) Cabling (152) China (406) Consumer (137) Criticism (207) Directory (98) Distributors (114) Edge Storage (50) Encoder (103) End Users (142) Failure (116) Financials (101) Financial Updates (128) Funding (146) GDPR (37) Guide (298) Hacking (141) HD Analog (146) Help Request (329) Humor (11) Installation (380) Integrators (816) Intrusion (266) IR (531) Lawsuits (49) Legal (104) Lenses (114) Locks (157) Low Cost (180) Low Light (393) LPR (124) Marketing (452) Monitoring (460) Monitors (70) Networking (142) ONVIF (465) Panoramic (161) Police (228) Power (537) PPF (135) Privacy (105) Profile (211) PSIM (127) PTZs (107) Retail (119) RFP (62) Robot (66) Sales (821) Standards (159) Startup (224) Statistics (356) Storage (598) Thermal (143) Tools (139) Trade Magazine (34) Trade Show (92) Tutorials (210) Video Analytics (421) VMS (1469) VSaaS (141) WDR (290) Wireless (431) Hanwha Wave VMS Tested By: Ethan Ace, Published on Jan 22, 2018 Hanwha has released their first open platform VMS, Wisenet Wave, an Network Optix OEM (see test results) enhanced with integrations and optimizations for Hanwha's products. In this report, we examine how Wave performs including: Hanwha camera/analytics integration Embedded NVR integration and limitation Cloud access Mobile app usability User management improvements Comparison to entry level and enterprise VMS Comparison to competitive CMS/NVRs Pricing and positioning **** * ****** * first **** , Wisenet *, ***** * * (* test ***)**** ******** * optimizations * ***' ******. ** **, examine * **** including: ** **/***** ******* **** * ********* * limitation *** ** ** * ******* ****** ******** ****** *** * and ****** * ******** ********* /* *** * ********* [***********] [: **** knowledge * Network * . * you * * ****** with , **** ****** * * ** report *.] Executive *** ****** ** *** * significant ********* ***' existing ** / ******* software, *** features * ******* (..,** flexible ** ***, * monitoring, ***** *****, ., as * *** access). ***, **** camera ***** * ** hardware, ***** the -* * / no **** ***** Hanwha's ****** * ** * ******* Hanwha's **** * doing * * notable *********: ** * :** * ****** * limited * ** and ****/**** ****, * desiring * * ** or ****** (** "***" in ) * ** these *** ****. * light ***, * ********* is ** ******. ** *:* * ** of ******, * ****** may ******* use * * many ** *, Internet ******* * insufficient * **** * with ** ***. ***: ** *** 1/4 * it * ***, Wave * **** ***** for ******* (**** ~$400 ** * * a *** * license). * * ******* NVRs **** ***** manufacturer-specific * ******, as******' **-******* , ** view ****** /, *** Wave ** * pricing **********, *** packages * ** * free. ********, *' *********** of * ***** ** adds ***** * necessary ** * * CMS/NVRs, ***** ***' *. ***, * * **** to *** to * ** of * ****, they ** fairly *** * ******* to *, * *** with***** **. ********, **** several ****** * *** in *** * *******, such **** *****, more **** ***, * enhancement, *** *****, . * *** , *****, between * * * enterprise ***: . *** *: **** to * ** * such ********* * or **** *** ** Core, ** *** advantages ***-** support, * **, screen *****, ***** *** dewarping, ., * in * *****. 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At * ’ about % ** ** what ’ **** * now * ******. ******* ***** * */** is * * ****** over ****. * ** why ***’ ******** all *** ** yet. In reply to John Bazyk \| 01/22/18 03:53pm * ** * same ***. ********* * whole * **** OEM *** to * thing * * * while. * ** Witness *** direct ***** the ** Hanwha **** and * with. Troy Stone * ********** statement* ******* ****** ****** though *** a ** *********** ***** where . * * going ** * *****. Thank * * * research * ** ********. * **** ******** user ******** recent ****** Witness. ****** ****, user ****** * *****, with ** ** ******* granted ***** ***, making ****** ****** large [***** .] * **, so * ' ** impressed * in * ** of * * *******. The ***** * **** tool, . ** impressive. *** *** doing * * -* testing. * *** ** and *** * ***** without ****** * great ******. ** . ***. Ethan Ace IPVM \| In reply to Troy Stone \| 01/22/18 04:23pm ** * ****** out, *. to * * the ******! In reply to Ethan Ace \| 01/22/18 04:26pm ** * * * and ** * * the *****, *! Alexander Pats * **** * ds * *** in * ****, * these * * ***** in . ** * most ***. * ** cameras * ** live * fps, ** ** ** screenshot * * *****. ** * * **. Blake Murphy , ******* ****** , while **** * great ****. * ******* * we *** ** hard ***, * the ***** **** * just ************* * ***** features. * ****** I **** ****** regrading ****** * why % more ***** ****. *, * ****. 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John Honovich IPVM \| In reply to John Bazyk \| 01/23/18 01:47pm **' ** * it, * * ** roadmap * ** exciting. ** * when ***, should **** * price *%. * '* going ** to *** ** when *** *** selling **** * *** same * (***** fundamental /*******) * that ** *. , '* * the ****** DW, *' * 3rd *** *. Now, * ** doing ** *** / *** * * partners * **** create * ***** ***** where ** ******* a * * ******** it * ****. * * ** basic **** contacts. ** more * * ******* with ** *****. is * * isn't ***** the * ** *** the ***** * ******* color *****. *** ** WAVE ** ***** Spectrum ** * project? *' *** be ** * that **** * ** ** is * * Europe ******* * can **** * NX ******. **** how * ***** **** between * *** * overseas? Undisclosed Integrator #1 In reply to Michael Miller \| 01/23/18 07:07pm * ** ** use ** *** * Hanwha? *** * be '* **** for ** **. DW *** * **** been * ******* but * ** * been ***** support * *****. ' ** ** for *** * ** when * * Samsung * ****** at * up * ***** ******* given * ****. 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IPVM conducts unique testing and research funded by member's payments enabling us to offer the most independent, accurate and in-depth information. Vivotek Trend Micro Cyber Security Camera App Tested on Jul 15, 2019 Vivotek and Trend Micro are claiming five million blocked attacks on IP cameras, with their jointly developed app for Vivotek cameras. This new... Axis ARTPEC-7 P1375-E Camera Tested on Jul 12, 2019 Axis claims the new P1375-E box camera with ARTPEC-7 chip delivers "clear, sharp images in any lighting condition." But how well does it do? We... Last Chance - Camera Course Summer 2019 on Jul 11, 2019 Last day to register is Thursday, July 11, 2019. This is the only independent surveillance camera course, based on in-depth product and technology... Network Optix / Hanwha Cloud Access Tested on Jul 02, 2019 Remote cloud access is becoming a bigger differentiator, as cybersecurity issues underscore the problems of port forwarding and many integrators... 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__label__cc	0.558389	0.441611	Microstructure Investigation of Thermoelectric Materials Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection Zhou, Juan Thermoelectric materials can convert heat directly into electricity and hence may play an important role in the future of energy conversion. In the last decade, the performance of thermoelectric materials has been enhanced substantially. Most of the progress is obtained through a control of the microstructure of a material. Especially, nanometer scale substructures present in the materials are thought to play a critical role for the significant reduction of lattice thermal conductivity and enhancement of figure of merit. A comprehensive understanding of the role of the micro- and nano- scale structural features on the electron and phonon transport would facilitate the design of more efficient materials. To achieve this, an accurate description of the detailed structures of these features, their formation mechanisms, and interactions with the matrix is necessary. Such a work is also helpful for establishing the correlation between the microstructures, materials synthesis and thermoelectric properties. Advanced analytical tools such as X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) etc enable probing the material structures at different length scales, and therefore help to give a comprehensive and detailed description of many interesting structural features of a material. In this work, microstructure investigation of two kinds of most promising thermoelectric materials has been conducted via these tools to uncover the underlying structural mysteries which lead to their superior thermoelectric properties. AgPb18SbTe20 ((PbTe)1−x(AgSbTe2)x with x ~ 0.05 or LAST-18) is the material from which the highest figure of merit has been obtained in all known bulk thermoelectric materials. For this material, high resolution TEM imaging and structure analysis have been intensively employed to uncover the structural details of the nanoprecipitates prevalent in the single crystal samples to the atomistic scale. The underlying mechanism for the nucleation of the nanoprecipitates and their interactions with the matrix lattice are also discussed through the coordinated image simulation and large scale density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations. CeFe4Sb12, a p-type filled skutterudite compound, has been prepared in our group through a novel non-equilibrium synthesis method combining melt spinning and spark plasma sintering (SPS). Remarkable improvements in both electrical and thermal transport properties have been achieved in them when compared to those of the same materials prepared by the conventional way. A comparative microstructure study of the CeFe4Sb12 bulk samples prepared by both the non-equilibrium and conventional methods has been carried out in order to understand the structural origins for the substantially improved thermoelectric properties in the non-equilibrium synthesized samples. Name: Zhou_grad.sunysb_ ...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2591
__label__wiki	0.833746	0.833746	Learn More Accept A cookie is a piece of data stored by your browser or device that helps websites like this one recognize return visitors. We use cookies to give you the best experience. Some cookies are also necessary for the technical operation of our website. If you continue browsing, you agree to this site’s use of cookies. For even more information, see Privacy Policy: Our Policies regarding the Collection of Information Comprehensive Tax Research. Practitioner to Practitioner. ® Log In About Us Don't have an account? Request a trial Subtitle A Subchapter B Part IX Internal Revenue Code, § 267. Losses, Expenses, And Interest With Respect To Transactions Between Related Taxpayers I.R.C. § 267(a) In General I.R.C. § 267(a)(1) Deduction For Losses Disallowed — No deduction shall be allowed in respect of any loss from the sale or exchange of property, directly or indirectly, between persons specified in any of the paragraphs of subsection (b). The preceding sentence shall not apply to any loss of the distributing corporation (or the distributee) in the case of a distribution in complete liquidation. I.R.C. § 267(a)(2) Matching Of Deduction And Payee Income Item In The Case Of Expenses And Interest — I.R.C. § 267(a)(2)(A) — by reason of the method of accounting of the person to whom the payment is to be made, the amount thereof is not (unless paid) includible in the gross income of such person, and I.R.C. § 267(a)(2)(B) — at the close of the taxable year of the taxpayer for which (but for this paragraph) the amount would be deductible under this chapter, both the taxpayer and the person to whom the payment is to be made are persons specified in any of the paragraphs of subsection (b), then any deduction allowable under this chapter in respect of such amount shall be allowable as of the day as of which such amount is includible in the gross income of the person to whom the payment is made (or, if later, as of the day on which it would be so allowable but for this paragraph). For purposes of this paragraph, in the case of a personal service corporation (within the meaning of section 441(i)(2)), such corporation and any employee-owner (within the meaning of section 269A(b)(2), as modified by section 441(i)(2)) shall be treated as persons specified in subsection (b). I.R.C. § 267(a)(3) Payments To Foreign Persons I.R.C. § 267(a)(3)(A) In General — The Secretary shall by regulations apply the matching principle of paragraph (2) in cases in which the person to whom the payment is to be made is not a United States person. I.R.C. § 267(a)(3)(B) Special Rule For Certain Foreign Entities I.R.C. § 267(a)(3)(B)(i) In General — Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), in the case of any item payable to a controlled foreign corporation (as defined in section 957) or a passive foreign investment company (as defined in section 1297), a deduction shall be allowable to the payor with respect to such amount for any taxable year before the taxable year in which paid only to the extent that an amount attributable to such item is includible (determined without regard to properly allocable deductions and qualified deficits under section 952(c)(1)(B)) during such prior taxable year in the gross income of a United States person who owns (within the meaning of section 958(a)) stock in such corporation. I.R.C. § 267(a)(3)(B)(ii) Secretarial Authority — The Secretary may by regulation exempt transactions from the application of clause (i), including any transaction which is entered into by a payor in the ordinary course of a trade or business in which the payor is predominantly engaged and in which the payment of the accrued amounts occurs within 8 1/2 months after accrual or within such other period as the Secretary may prescribe. I.R.C. § 267(b) Relationships — The persons referred to in subsection (a) are: I.R.C. § 267(b)(1) — Members of a family, as defined in subsection (c)(4); An individual and a corporation more than 50 percent in value of the outstanding stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by or for such individual; Two corporations which are members of the same controlled group (as defined in subsection (f)); A grantor and a fiduciary of any trust; A fiduciary of a trust and a fiduciary of another trust, if the same person is a grantor of both trusts; A fiduciary of a trust and a beneficiary of such trust; A fiduciary of a trust and a beneficiary of another trust, if the same person is a grantor of both trusts; A fiduciary of a trust and a corporation more than 50 percent in value of the outstanding stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by or for the trust or by or for a person who is a grantor of the trust; A person and an organization to which section 501 (relating to certain educational and charitable organizations which are exempt from tax) applies and which is controlled directly or indirectly by such person or (if such person is an individual) by members of the family of such individual; I.R.C. § 267(b)(10) — A corporation and a partnership if the same persons own-- I.R.C. § 267(b)(10)(A) — more than 50 percent in value of the outstanding stock of the corporation, and I.R.C. § 267(b)(10)(B) — more than 50 percent of the capital interest, or the profits interest, in the partnership; An S corporation and another S corporation if the same persons own more than 50 percent in value of the outstanding stock of each corporation; An S corporation and a C corporation, if the same persons own more than 50 percent in value of the outstanding stock of each corporation; or Except in the case of a sale or exchange in satisfaction of a pecuniary bequest, an executor of an estate and a beneficiary of such estate. I.R.C. § 267(c) Constructive Ownership Of Stock — For purposes of determining, in applying subsection (b), the ownership of stock— I.R.C. § 267(c)(1) — Stock owned, directly or indirectly, by or for a corporation, partnership, estate, or trust shall be considered as being owned proportionately by or for its shareholders, partners, or beneficiaries; An individual shall be considered as owning the stock owned, directly or indirectly, by or for his family; An individual owning (otherwise than by the application of paragraph (2)) any stock in a corporation shall be considered as owning the stock owned, directly or indirectly, by or for his partner; The family of an individual shall include only his brothers and sisters (whether by the whole or half blood), spouse, ancestors, and lineal descendants; and Stock constructively owned by a person by reason of the application of paragraph (1) shall, for the purpose of applying paragraph (1), (2), or (3), be treated as actually owned by such person, but stock constructively owned by an individual by reason of the application of paragraph (2) or (3) shall not be treated as owned by him for the purpose of again applying either of such paragraphs in order to make another the constructive owner of such stock. I.R.C. § 267(d) Amount Of Gain Where Loss Previously Disallowed I.R.C. § 267(d)(1) In General — I.R.C. § 267(d)(1)(A) — in the case of a sale or exchange of property to the taxpayer a loss sustained by the transferor is not allowable to the transferor as a deduction by reason of subsection (a)(1), and I.R.C. § 267(d)(1)(B) — the taxpayer sells or otherwise disposes of such property (or of other property the basis of which in the taxpayer's hands is determined directly or indirectly by reference to such property) at a gain, then such gain shall be recognized only to the extent that it exceeds so much of such loss as is properly allocable to the property sold or otherwise disposed of by the taxpayer. I.R.C. § 267(d)(2) Exception For Wash Sales — Paragraph (1) shall not apply if the loss sustained by the transferor is not allowable to the transferor as a deduction by reason of section 1091 (relating to wash sales). I.R.C. § 267(d)(3) Exception For Transfers From Tax Indifferent Parties — Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the extent any loss sustained by the transferor (if allowed) would not be taken into account in determining a tax imposed under section 1 or 11 or a tax computed as provided by either of such sections. I.R.C. § 267(e) Special Rules For Pass-Thru Entities I.R.C. § 267(e)(1) In General — In the case of any amount paid or incurred by, to, or on behalf of, a pass-thru entity, for purposes of applying subsection (a)(2)— I.R.C. § 267(e)(1)(A) — such entity, I.R.C. § 267(e)(1)(B) — in the case of-- I.R.C. § 267(e)(1)(B)(i) — a partnership, any person who owns (directly or indirectly) any capital interest or profits interest of such partnership, or I.R.C. § 267(e)(1)(B)(ii) — an S corporation, any person who owns (directly or indirectly) any of the stock of such corporation, I.R.C. § 267(e)(1)(C) — any person who owns (directly or indirectly) any capital interest or profits interest of a partnership in which such entity owns (directly or indirectly) any capital interest or profits interest, and I.R.C. § 267(e)(1)(D) — any person related (within the meaning of subsection (b) of this section or section 707(b)(1)) to a person described in subparagraph (B) or (C), shall be treated as persons specified in a paragraph of subsection (b). Subparagraph (C) shall apply to a transaction only if such transaction is related either to the operations of the partnership described in such subparagraph or to an interest in such partnership. I.R.C. § 267(e)(2) Pass-Thru Entity — For purposes of this section, the term “pass-thru entity" means— a partnership, and an S corporation. I.R.C. § 267(e)(3) Constructive Ownership In The Case Of Partnerships — For purposes of determining ownership of a capital interest or profits interest of a partnership, the principles of subsection (c) shall apply, except that— paragraph (3) of subsection (c) shall not apply, and interests owned (directly or indirectly) by or for a C corporation shall be considered as owned by or for any shareholder only if such shareholder owns (directly or indirectly) 5 percent or more in value of the stock of such corporation. I.R.C. § 267(e)(4) Subsection (a)(2) Not To Apply To Certain Guaranteed Payments Of Partnerships — In the case of any amount paid or incurred by a partnership, subsection (a)(2) shall not apply to the extent that section 707(c) applies to such amount. I.R.C. § 267(e)(5) Exception For Certain Expenses And Interest Of Partnerships Owning Low-Income Housing I.R.C. § 267(e)(5)(A) In General — This subsection shall not apply with respect to qualified expenses and interest paid or incurred by a partnership owning low-income housing to— I.R.C. § 267(e)(5)(A)(i) — any qualified 5-percent or less partner of such partnership, or I.R.C. § 267(e)(5)(A)(ii) — any person related (within the meaning of subsection (b) of this section or section 707(b)(1)) to any qualified 5-percent or less partner of such partnership. I.R.C. § 267(e)(5)(B) Qualified 5-Percent Or Less Partner — For purposes of this paragraph, the term “qualified 5-percent or less partner” means any partner who has (directly or indirectly) an interest of 5 percent or less in the aggregate capital and profits interests of the partnership but only if— such partner owned the low-income housing at all times during the 2-year period ending on the date such housing was transferred to the partnership, or such partnership acquired the low-income housing pursuant to a purchase, assignment, or other transfer from the Department of Housing and Urban Development or any State or local housing authority. For purposes of the preceding sentence, a partner shall be treated as holding any interest in the partnership which is held (directly or indirectly) by any person related (within the meaning of subsection (b) of this section or section 707(b)(1)) to such partner. I.R.C. § 267(e)(5)(C) Qualified Expenses And Interest — For purpose of this paragraph, the term “qualified expenses and interest” means any expense or interest incurred by the partnership with respect to low-income housing held by the partnership but— I.R.C. § 267(e)(5)(C)(i) — only if the amount of such expense or interest (as the case may be) is unconditionally required to be paid by the partnership not later than 10 years after the date such amount was incurred, and I.R.C. § 267(e)(5)(C)(ii) — in the case of such interest, only if such interest is incurred at an annual rate not in excess of 12 percent. I.R.C. § 267(e)(5)(D) Low-Income Housing — For purposes of this paragraph, the term “low-income housing” means— I.R.C. § 267(e)(5)(D)(i) — any interest in property described in clause (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of section 1250(a)(1)(B), and I.R.C. § 267(e)(5)(D)(ii) — any interest in a partnership owning such property. I.R.C. § 267(e)(6) Cross Reference — For additional rules relating to partnerships, see section 707(b). I.R.C. § 267(f) Controlled Group Defined; Special Rules Applicable To Controlled Groups I.R.C. § 267(f)(1) Controlled Group Defined — For purposes of this section, the term “controlled group” has the meaning given to such term by section 1563(a), except that— I.R.C. § 267(f)(1)(A) — “more than 50 percent” shall be substituted for “at least 80 percent” each place it appears in section 1563(a), and I.R.C. § 267(f)(1)(B) — the determination shall be made without regard to subsections (a)(4) and (e)(3)(C) of section 1563. I.R.C. § 267(f)(2) Deferral (Rather Than Denial) Of Loss From Sale Or Exchange Between Members — In the case of any loss from the sale or exchange of property which is between members of the same controlled group and to which subsection (a)(1) applies (determined without regard to this paragraph but with regard to paragraph (3))— subsections (a)(1) and (d) shall not apply to such loss, but such loss shall be deferred until the property is transferred outside such controlled group and there would be recognition of loss under consolidated return principles or until such other time as may be prescribed in regulations. I.R.C. § 267(f)(3) Loss Deferral Rules Not To Apply In Certain Cases I.R.C. § 267(f)(3)(A) Transfer To DISC — For purposes of applying subsection (a)(1), the term “controlled group” shall not include a DISC. I.R.C. § 267(f)(3)(B) Certain Sales Of Inventory — Except to the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to the sale or exchange of property between members of the same controlled group (or persons described in subsection (b)(10)) if— I.R.C. § 267(f)(3)(B)(i) — such property in the hands of the transferor is property described in section 1221(a)(1), I.R.C. § 267(f)(3)(B)(ii) — such sale or exchange is in the ordinary course of the transferor's trade or business, I.R.C. § 267(f)(3)(B)(iii) — such property in the hands of the transferee is property described in section 1221(a)(1), and I.R.C. § 267(f)(3)(B)(iv) — the transferee or the transferor is a foreign corporation. I.R.C. § 267(f)(3)(C) Certain Foreign Currency Losses — To the extent provided in regulations, subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to any loss sustained by a member of a controlled group on the repayment of a loan made to another member of such group if such loan is payable in a foreign currency or is denominated in such a currency and such loss is attributable to a reduction in value of such foreign currency. I.R.C. § 267(f)(3)(D) Redemptions By Fund-Of-Funds Regulated Investment Companies — Except to the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to any distribution in redemption of stock of a regulated investment company if— I.R.C. § 267(f)(3)(D)(i) — such company issues only stock which is redeemable upon the demand of the stockholder, and I.R.C. § 267(f)(3)(D)(ii) — such redemption is upon the demand of another regulated investment company. I.R.C. § 267(f)(4) Determination Of Relationship Resulting In Disallowance Of Loss, For Purposes Of Other Provisions — For purposes of any other section of this title which refers to a relationship which would result in a disallowance of losses under this section, deferral under paragraph (2) shall be treated as disallowance. I.R.C. § 267(g) Coordination With Section 1041 — Subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to any transfer described in section 1041(a) (relating to transfers of property between spouses or incident to divorce). (Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 78 ; Nov. 10, 1978, Pub. L. 95-628, 2(a), 92 Stat. 3627; Oct. 19, 1982, Pub. L. 97-354, 3(h), 96 Stat. 1689; July 18, 1984, Pub. L. 98-369, div. A, title I, 174(a)-(b)(4), title VII, 721(s), 98 Stat. 704-707 , 970; Oct. 22, 1986, Pub. L. 99-514, title VIII, 803(b)(5), 806(c)(2), title XVIII, 1812(c)(1), (2), (3)(C), (4)(A), 1842(a), 100 Stat. 2356, 2364, 2834, 2835, 2852; Nov. 10, 1988, Pub. L. 100-647, title I, 1006(e)(9), 1008(e)(6), 102 Stat. 3401, 3441; Pub. L. 105-34, title XIII, XVI, Sec. 1308(a), 1604(e)(1), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat 788; Pub. L. 106-170, title V, Sec. 532(c), Dec. 17, 1999, 113 Stat 1860; Pub. L. 108-357. title VIII, Sec. 841(b), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1418; Pub. L. 111-325, Sec. 306(b, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3537; Pub. L. 113-295, Div. A, title II, Sec. 221(a)(44), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4010; Pub. L. 114-113, Div. Q, title III, Sec. 345(a).) BACKGROUND NOTES 2015 — Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114-113, Div. Q, Sec. 345(a), amended subsec. (d). Before amendment, it read as follows: “(d) Amount Of Gain Where Loss Previously Disallowed.—If— “(1) in the case of a sale or exchange of property to the taxpayer a loss sustained by the transferor is not allowable to the transferor as a deduction by reason of subsection (a)(1); and “(2) the taxpayer sells or otherwise disposes of such property (or of other property the basis of which in his hands is determined directly or indirectly by reference to such property) at a gain, “then such gain shall be recognized only to the extent that it exceeds so much of such loss as is properly allocable to the property sold or otherwise disposed of by the taxpayer. This subsection shall not apply if the loss sustained by the transferor is not allowable to the transferor as a deduction by reason of section 1091 (relating to wash sales).” 2014 — Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113-295, Sec. 221(a)(44), amended subsec. (d) by striking “(or by reason of section 24(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939” in par. (1), by striking “after December 31, 1953,” in par. (2), by striking the second sentence, and by striking “or by reason of section 118 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939” in the last sentence. Before being struck, the second sentence read as follows: “This subsection applies with respect to taxable years ending after December 31, 1953.” 2010—Subsec. (f)(3)(D). Pub. L. 111-325, Sec. 306(b), amended par. (3) by adding subpar. (D). 2004--Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 108-357, Sec. 841(b)(1), amended par. (3) by striking “The Secretary and inserting “(A) In General.--The Secretary”. Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 108-357, Sec 841(b)(2), amended par. (3) by adding subpar. (B). 1999-Subsec. (f)(3)(B). Pub. L. 106-170, Sec. 532(c), amended clauses (i) and (iii) by substituting “section 1221(a)(1)" for “section 1221(1)”. 1997--Subsec. (b)(11). Pub. L. 105-34, Sec. 1308(a), struck “or” at the end of par. (11). Subsec. (b)(12). Pub. L. 105-34, Sec. 1308(a), substituted “; or” for “.” at the end of par. (12). Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 105-34, Sec. 1308(a), added par. (13). Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 105-34, Sec. 1604(e)(1), added par. (4). 1988--Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100-647, 1006(e)(9), struck out “(other than a loss in case of a distribution in corporate liquidation)" after “exchange of property” and inserted at end “The preceding sentence shall not apply to any loss of the distributing corporation (or the distributee) in the case of a distribution in complete liquidation.” Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100-647, 1008(e)(6), made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 99-514, 806(c)(2), see 1986 Amendment note below. 1986--Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 99-514, 806(c)(2), as amended by Pub. L. 100-647, 1008(e)(6), inserted at end “For purposes of this paragraph, in the case of a personal service corporation (within the meaning of section 441(i)(2)), such corporation and any employee-owner (within the meaning of section 269A(b)(2), as modified by section 441(i)(2)) shall be treated as persons specified in subsection (b).” Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 99-514, 1812(c)(1), added par. (3). Subsec. (b)(12). Pub. L. 99-514, 1812(c)(4)(A), substituted “same persons own” for “same persons owns”. Subsec. (e)(5)(D). Pub. L. 99-514, 803(b)(5), substituted in cl. (i) “interest in property described in clause (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of section 1250(a)(1)(B)” for “interest in low-income housing (as defined in paragraph (5) of section 189(e))” and in cl. (ii) “such property" for “low-income housing (as so defined)”. Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 99-514, 1812(c)(3)(C), added par. (6). Subsec. (f)(3)(B). Pub. L. 99-514, 1812(c)(2), inserted “(or persons described in subsection (b)(10))”. Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 99-514, 1842(a), added subsec. (g). 1984--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98-369, 174(a), amended subsec. (a) generally, substituting “In general” for “Deduction disallowed" in heading, “Deduction for losses disallowed” for “Losses” in par. (1) heading, and provisions dealing with matching of deduction and payee income item in the case of expenses and interest for provisions dealing with unpaid expenses and interest in par. (2). Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 98-369, 174(b)(2)(A), substituted “Two corporations which are members of the same controlled group (as defined in subsection (f))” for “Two corporations more than 50 percent in value of the outstanding stock of each of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by or for the same individual, if either one of such corporations, with respect to the taxable year of the corporation preceding the date of the sale or exchange was, under the law applicable to such taxable year, a personal holding company or a foreign personal holding company”. Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 98-369, 174(b)(3), substituted “A corporation" for “An S corporation” in introductory provisions and “the corporation" for “the S corporation” in subpar. (A). Subsec. (b)(12). Pub. L. 98-369, 174(b)(4), substituted “the same persons" for “the same individual”. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 98-369, 174(b)(1), added subsec. (e). Pub. L. 98-369, 174(a)(2), struck out subsec. (e) which provided that for purposes of subsection (a)(2) where the last day of the 2-1/2 month period falls on Saturday, Sunday, or a legal holiday, such last day be treated as falling on the next succeeding day which is not a Saturday, Sunday, or a legal holiday, and the determination of what constitutes a legal holiday be made under section 7503 with respect to the payor's return of tax under this chapter for the preceding taxable year. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98-369, 174(b)(2)(B), added subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98-369, 174(b)(1), struck out subsec. (f) which related to special rules for unpaid expenses and interest of S corporations and treatment under such provisions of certain shareholders, etc., as related persons. Pub. L. 98-369, 721(s), in closing provision of par. (1) substituted “then any deduction allowable under such sections in respect of such amount shall be allowable as of the day as of which such payment is includible in the gross income of the person to whom the payment is made (or, if later, as of the day on which it would be so allowable but for this paragraph)" for “then no deduction shall be allowed in respect of expenses otherwise deductible under section 162 or 212, or of interest otherwise deductible under section 163, before the day as of which the amount thereof is includible in the gross income of the person to whom the payment is made”. 1982--Subsec. (b)(10) to (12). Pub. L. 97-354, 3(h)(1), (3), added pars. (10) to (12). Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97-354, 3(h)(2), added subsec. (f). 1978--Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95-628 added subsec. (e). EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2015 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 114-113, Div. Q, Sec. 345(a), effective for sales and other dispositions of property acquired after December 31, 2015, by the taxpayer in a sale or exchange to which section 267(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 applied. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2014 AMENDMENTS Amendments made by Pub. L. 113-295, Div. A, Sec. 221(a)(44), effective on the date of the enactment of this Act [Enacted: Dec. 19, 2014]. Section 221(b)(2) of Pub. L. 113-295, Div. A, provided the following Savings Provision: “(2) SAVINGS PROVISION.—If— “(A) any provision amended or repealed by the amendments made by this section applied to— “(i) any transaction occurring before the date of the enactment of this Act [Enacted: Dec. 19, 2014], “(ii) any property acquired before such date of enactment, or “(iii) any item of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account before such date of enactment, and “(B) the treatment of such transaction, property, or item under such provision would (without regard to the amendments or repeals made by this section) affect the liability for tax for periods ending after date of enactment, nothing in the amendments or repeals made by this section shall be construed to affect the treatment of such transaction, property, or item for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after such date of enactment.” Amendment made by Sec. 306(b) of Pub. L. 111-325 effective for distributions after the date of the enactment of this Act [Enacted: Dec. 22, 2010]. Amendments made by Sec. 841(b) of Pub. L. 108-357 applicable to payments accrued on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Enacted: Oct. 22, 2004]. Amendments by Sec. 532(c) of Pub. L. 106-170 applicable to any instrument held, acquired, or entered into, any transaction entered into, and supplies held or acquired on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Enacted: Dec. 17, 1999]. Amendments by Sec. 1308(a) of Pub. L. 105-34 applicable to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Enacted: Aug. 5, 1997]. Amendment by Sec. 1604(e)(1) of Pub. L 105-34 effective as if included in section 174(b) of the Tax Reform Act of 1984. Amendment by Pub. L. 100-647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99-514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100-647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title. Amendment by section 803(b)(5) of Pub. L. 99-514 applicable, except as otherwise provided, to costs incurred after Dec. 31, 1986, in taxable years ending after that date, see section 803(d) of Pub. L. 99-514, set out as a note under section 263A of this title. Amendment by section 806(c)(2) of Pub. L. 99-514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, with special provisions applicable to taxpayers who are required to change their accounting periods, see section 806(e) of Pub. L. 99-514, set out as a note under section 1378 of this title. Amendment by sections 1812(c)(1), (2), (3)(C), (4)(A) and 1842(a) of Pub. L. 99-514 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, Pub. L. 98-369, div. A, to which such amendment relates, see section 1881 of Pub. L. 99-514, set out as a note under section 48 of this title. Section 174(c) of Pub. L. 98-369, as amended by Pub. L. 99-514, 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: “(1) Subsections (a) and (b)(1).--The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b)(1) [amending this section] shall apply to amounts allowable as deductions under chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954 ] for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1983. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the allowability of a deduction shall be determined without regard to any disallowance or postponement of deductions under section 267 of such Code. “(2) Subsection (b) (other than paragraph (1)).-- “(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the amendments made by subsection (b) (other than paragraph (1) thereof) [amending this section and sections 170, 368, 514, and 1235 of this title] shall apply to transactions after December 31, 1983, in taxable years ending after such date. “(B) Exception for transfers to foreign corporations on or before march 1, 1984.--The amendments made by subsection (b)(2) [amending this section] shall not apply to property transferred to a foreign corporation on or before March 1, 1984. “(3) Exception for existing indebtedness, etc.-- “(A) In general.--The amendments made by this section [amending sections 170, 267, 368, 514, and 1235 of this title] shall not apply to any amount paid or incurred-- “(i) on indebtedness incurred on or before September 29, 1983, or “(ii) pursuant to a contract which was binding on September 29, 1983, and at all times thereafter before the amount is paid or incurred. “(B) Treatment of renegotiations, extensions, etc.--If any indebtedness (or contract described in subparagraph (A)) is renegotiated, extended, renewed, or revised after September 29, 1983, subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any amount paid or incurred on such indebtedness (or pursuant to such contract) after the date of such renegotiation, extension, renewal, or revision.” Amendment by section 721(s) of Pub. L. 98-369 effective as if included in the Subchapter S Revision Act of 1982, Pub. L. 97-354, see section 721(y)(1) of Pub. L. 98-369, set out as a note under section 1361 of this title. Amendment by Pub. L. 97-354 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1982, see section 6(a) of Pub. L. 97-354, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1361 of this title. Section 2(b) of Pub. L. 95-628 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to payments made after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 10, 1978].” CONSTRUCTION OF SECTION 806 OF PUB. L. 99-514 Nothing in section 806 of Pub. L. 99-514 [amending this section] or in any legislative history relating thereto to be construed as requiring the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate to permit an automatic change of a taxable year, see section 1008(e)(9) of Pub. L. 100-647, set out as a note under section 1378 of this title. EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN INDEBTEDNESS Section 1812(c)(5) of Pub. L. 99-514 provided that: “Clause (i) of section 174(c)(3)(A) of the Tax Reform Act of 1984 [section 174(c)(3)(A)(i) of Pub. L. 98-369, set out as a note above] shall be applied by substituting ‘December 31, 1983’ for ‘September 29, 1983’ in the case of indebtedness which matures on January 1, 1999, the payments on which from January 1989 through November 1993 equal U/L plus $77,600, the payments on which from December 1993 to maturity equal U/L plus $50,100, and which accrued interest at 13.75 percent through December 31, 1989.” 24 / 7 Help Desk help@bloombergtax.com Copyright © 2019 The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. All Rights Reserved	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2592
__label__wiki	0.510967	0.510967	INTRODUCING THE KINGSTON FRONTENACS HOME OPENER PACK! Fronts Name Todd Gill as New Coach, Doug Gilmour as GM The Kingston Frontenac Hockey Club today announced Doug Gilmour as the team’s new General Manager and that Todd Gill will be the team’s new Head Coach at a noon hour Media Conference. Darren Keily, who was an Assistant Coach with the organisation over the last three seasons, will continue in the same role will the Club. All three have signed three year contracts. Larry Mavety will stay on as a Special Advisor with the organisation. Gill joins the Fronts after five years with the Brockville Braves in the CJHL as its owner and Head Coach. In five seasons with the Tier II Braves, Gill has compiled a record of 198-81-11-11. His best year came last season when he guided the Braves to the eastern Canadian championship on home ice, sending Brockville to the RBC Cup national tournament. Drafted by the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 2nd round, 25th overall in 1984, Gill played 1,007 NHL games with Toronto, the San Jose Sharks, St. Louis Blues, Detroit Red Wings, Phoenix Coyotes, Colorado Avalanche and the Chicago Blackhawks. A defenceman, Gill had 82 career goals and 272 assists, and 1214 penalty minutes. A graduate of the Ontario Hockey League, Gill played three seasons with the Windsor Spitfires from 1982 to 1985. Both Gilmour and Gill were team mates in Toronto with the Leafs from 1991 to 1996. Fronts Prospect Profile: Maddox Callens CHL announces partnership with Adept Mobile to create best-in-class Mobile App experience Fronts Prospect Profile: Cayden Faust Frontenacs Select Martin Chromiak and Vitali Pinchuk in CHL Import Draft Jake Murray Receives Invite to Canada's U-18 Selection Camp Wright, Haché Invited to Hockey Canada's U-17 National Development Camp LEON'S CENTRE The Canadian Hockey League (CHL) cares about your privacy. Thank you for your interest in our network of websites, newsletters, and other services. We believe in fully disclosing the methods to which we collect and use your personal information. We also invite you to ask us about our policies or feel free to let us know how we can better serve your privacy concerns.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2594
__label__wiki	0.676232	0.676232	Advice for business Sponsorship under the Points-Based System Advice for individuals European residence rights British citizenship: naturalisation and registration Immigration appeals KITTY FALLS IMMIGRATION LAW Specialist UK immigration law advice in London and the South of England – Call +44 (0)7752 722 292 <Home Office policy for unmarried partners in “Surinder Singh” cases: “wait and see” Bad form> English language, Family visa, Indefinite Leave to Remain, UK Visas, Uncategorized Easy as 1-2-3?… English tests for UK Immigration kittyfallson 10 September, 2018 /0 comments The recent case of a woman refused a visa to join her fiancé in the UK shows how much care applicants must take in providing the correct evidence support a UK visa application. Reports say that Alejandra Santiago’s visa application was refused because the English language test she took, the IELTS Academic test, was “not approved for settlement”. Ms Santiago is a Mexican national, and an English language teacher. Whether or not this case now attracts the attention of the Home Office’s “rapid response” team set up to deal with negative publicity, it is worth reviewing the English language requirements under the Immigration Rules. The Rules set out requirements about the following: the visa routes for which applicants must provide evidence of their English language ability the level of English language ability required for different visa routes acceptable evidence of meeting the English language requirement and exemptions where the applicant must take a test, the test provider and the venue where the test is taken Immigration routes Not all UK immigration applicants have to take a language test. For example, there is no language requirement for visitors, Tier 1 (Investor) and Tier 5 applicants, UK Ancestry applicants, asylum seekers and other human rights claimants The routes that do require evidence of English language ability include the following: Partners under Appendix FM of the Immigration Rules (including fiancés, spouses, civil partners and unmarried partners) Students under Tier 4 (General) of the Points-Based System (“PBS”) Employees under Tier 2 (General), Tier 2 (Minister of Religion) and Tier 2 (Sportsperson) Most applicants for indefinite leave to remain and British citizenship must also meet the English language requirement, even if they have not had to do so in previous immigration applications. However, it’s worth noting that although the Immigration Rules provide only for English language ability, Schedule 1 of the British Nationality Act 1981 (which sets out the preconditions for naturalisation as a British citizen) says that an applicant must show “that he has a sufficient knowledge of the English, Welsh or Scottish Gaelic language”. You would struggle to discover this from the guidance material provided for naturalisation, and the omission is probably worth a separate post. Level of English ability The Immigration Rules express English language ability by referring to the Common European Framework of Reference for languages (“CEFR”). This standard overlaps with the way in which many test providers describe their course and exam levels, but organisations that provide tests for UK immigration applications do now express most test scores by reference to a CEFR equivalent. The level of ability required depends on the visa route you undertake, and the stage of application you are making. Applicants also need to be aware that they might not have to pass all four components of normal language-learning (reading, writing, speaking and listening) in their particular visa category. For example, an applicant for a first-time partner visa must meet CEFR A1 standard in speaking and listening. When that applicant applies to renew their status after their first two and a half years in the UK, they must meet CEFR A2 standard. Tier 2 (General) and Tier 1 (Entrepreneur) applicants must meet the B1 standard in reading, writing, speaking and listening. A Tier 2 (Sportsperson) need only meet the standard in speaking and listening. Applicants for Tier 4 (General) must meet the B1 standard in all four components for study below degree level, and the B2 standard if they are applying to study at or above degree level. Some Tier 4 applicants do not have to prove their English language ability, depending on their history of study in the UK. Evidence and exemptions Some family route applicants do not have to produce evidence of English language ability if they are aged under 18 or over 65. Others may be exempt on the basis of mental or physical conditions that prevent them learning English or attending a test centre. In applications for indefinite leave to remain, there are also exemptions for some applicants who have lived in the UK for a long time and have not been able to pass a language test at the required level. If you think you might be exempt from the language requirement, you should check how your specific circumstances are treated under the Immigration Rules and any relevant policy. The Home Office guidance is a useful starting point for these considerations. Applicants from “English-speaking” countries are assumed to meet the English language requirement, and must produce their national passport as evidence. The current list of countries that are accepted as “English-speaking” is: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, New Zealand, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and the USA. A UK degree certificate is also accepted as evidence of English language ability at all levels. Alternatively a degree from a country other than the UK can be acceptable if the holder provides evidence from UK NARIC that the standard is equivalent to a UK degree and that the degree was taught in English. Tier 4 (General) students should be assessed by their educational sponsor as part of the Certificate of Acceptance for Studies: this usually involves the sponsor checking their language ability including any tests taken. Tier 4 applicants can also be interviewed as part of the visa application process, or on arrival in the UK, to check language skills. Finally, an applicant can take an “approved English language test”. Rules for English language tests Since widespread cheating was reported at test centres provided for students taking the TOEIC language test in 2014, the Home Office has very strictly redefined the number of tests and test-providers acceptable for immigration applications. The acceptable tests and test centres are listed in https://www.gov.uk/guidance/immigration-rules/immigration-rules-appendix-o-approved-english-language-tests Appendix O of the Immigration Rules. For tests taken outside the UK, only tests provided by “IELTS SELT Consortium” are acceptable. More than that, the tests must be taken an approved test centre. Applicants need to make sure they choose “IELTS for UKVI” when booking. For tests taken in the UK, applicants can choose between IELTS SELT Consortium and Trinity College as their test provider. Again, tests must be taken at an approved centre. IELTS “General Training” or “Academic” tests cover all four study components of reading, writing, speaking and listening. “Life Skills” tests cover speaking and listening only. Trinity College “ISE” tests cover all four components, and “GESE” tests cover speaking and listening. Most mistakes that I encounter in the English language requirement are made by people with a relatively high standard of English language ability. It is easy to assume that because you use English in your everyday life, the UK immigration system will recognise that. From the reports about Ms Santiago’s case, it appears that she might have taken her IELTS test at a centre that was not approved under the Immigration Rules. Other common reasons that people fail to meet the requirements of the Immigration Rules include: Using an out of date test: approved tests are only valid for 2 years, although a test at a high enough level may be used for subsequent applications provided your application was approved the first time round. Coming from a country where English is an official or common language, but that country is not listed as an “English-speaking country”. This often applies to countries previously subjected to British rule, such as India or Nigeria. Relying on A-level or GCSE qualifications in English: these are not approved language tests under the Immigration Rules, even if you took them at a school in the UK! If your application is refused based on a failure to meet the English language requirements, the most practical solution is usually to take an approved test as soon as possible, and to resubmit your application. However, in some cases, particularly those involving the best interests of children, it might be possible to have your case reviewed or considered outside the Immigration Rules. Please contact me if you would like advice about how the English language requirement affects your UK Immigration application. Tagged: British Citizenship English language Family migration KOLL Life in the UK UK Visas View Kitty Falls Immmigration Law’s profile on Facebook View @KFImmigration’s profile on Twitter Immigration compliance Indefinite Leave to Remain Sponsor Licence UK Visas Immigration law advice in Southampton, Bournemouth, Portsmouth, Winchester, Basingstoke, Woking, Guildford and London. Solicitors Regulations Authority Kitty Falls Immigration Law is regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority with no. 626539. Remember that the law changes quickly and everyone's situation is different. The content of this website is therefore not legal advice: if you need advice please contact me directly.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2596
__label__wiki	0.547413	0.547413	U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York Recent News About U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York View More BASF seeks recovery of response costs over hazardous substances released into Hudson River ALBANY, N.Y. (Legal Newsline) – A New Jersey corporation is seeking recovery of response costs for hazardous substances from several companies associated with a New York property it now owns or the adjacent property. Disability Rights New York alleges it was unlawfully excluded membership in New York council UTICA, N.Y. (Legal Newsline) – An organization alleges it has been refused voting membership in New York’s Developmental Disabilities Planning Council. New York alleges it has incurred more than $1.4 million in costs to address contamination at property ALBANY, N.Y. (Legal Newsline) – The state of New York alleges a property in Ithaca has contaminated groundwater. Syracuse University students suspended over 'roast' video file suit against school SYRACUSE, N.Y. (Legal Newsline) – Five Syracuse University students have filed a suit against the university and officials after a video of a fraternity "roast" was allegedly disseminated without their consent. General Electric Co. alleges New York individual has misappropriated trade secrets ALBANY, N.Y. (Legal Newsline) – General Electric alleges a current or former employee residing in New York misappropriated its trade secrets. Ply Gem vinyl siding is defective, consumers claim ALBANY, N.Y. (Legal Newsline) – Four property owners allege a vinyl siding used on their homes is defective and degrades when exposed to normal environmental and building construction conditions. Consumer sues People Against Dirty, claims 'natural' products contain synthetic material ALBANY, N.Y. (Legal Newsline) — A consumer has filed a class action lawsuit against Method Products, PBC, and People Against Dirty, PBC, California business, citing alleged negligent misrepresentation.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2602
__label__wiki	0.772471	0.772471	The mythology of the great proletarian cultural revolution and the Chinese ultra-left - Donald Parkinson An account and critique of the Chinese Cultural Revolution, which portrays the "revolution" as a factional squabble within the Communist Party bureaucracy which enabled the working class to begin to assert themselves as an independent force for a time before being crushed by the state. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is claimed by many Maoists as the highest point of communism in the history of mankind. Maoists such as the RCP and Kasama and even more anarchist leftists like Michael Albert see the event as evidence of the liberatory potential of Maoist thought. The New Left in general was enamored by the events in China and radical newspapers from the era are full of Mao portraits and quotes from the Little Red Book. “It is right to rebel” being taken up as a slogan made the Maoists seem like they were more anarchist than the anarchists, the “hardest” of the revolutionaries. If anything, the Cultural Revolution exposes the poverty of Maoist politics. Maoism only promised “the right to rebel” to the extent that rebellion stayed within the confines of Maoism. To call what happened during the years considered the height of the GPCR (66-69) a revolution, nonetheless a proletarian one, is certainly a misnomer. A more apt description would be that it was a bureaucratic power struggle that in many cases got out of hand. Gaps in authority were certainly created by Mao’s chaotic tactics of consolidating power and workers certainly took advantage of these gaps in authority. But in the end Mao’s Cultural Revolution wasn’t much different from Stalin’s – an attempt to solve the problems of socialism-in-one-country through purging the state leadership of corrupt “capitalist roaders” rather than changing the social relations that led these corrupt positions to develop. The very concept of Cultural Revolution is foreign to Marx’s conception of revolution. Marx viewed proletarian revolution as a process that is not merely political but social. There is no separate category of Cultural Revolution differentiated from the revolution which transforms the totality of social relations. Marxist-Leninist dogmatism claims that the expropriation of the bourgeoisie, nationalization of property and establishment of central planning under the rule of party eliminates the basis of class antagonisms. Yet it was clear that China in 1966 was no workers utopia that had ridden itself of all social contradiction. In Mao’s eyes the remaining contradictions of society were contained strictly within the political/cultural superstructure, for the economic base no longer contained class antagonism. Maoist theory claimed that the superstructure was “relatively autonomous” from the base and hence a “cultural revolution” was needed to purge the revisionist leadership within the CCP. This was not a Marxist theory of revolution, but rather a populist theory that was not dissimilar from Bismark’s Kulturkamf. In no way was the GPCR a spontaneous event. After the enormous human toll of Mao’s failed policies in the Great Leap Forward much of the CCP took a more conservative stance on economic issues. Voluntaristic and extremist policies were avoided and Mao was reduced to a more symbolic “father of the country” style figure in the party, though his theories were still official state doctrine. Like the ruling bureaucracy of all the classic Stalinist nations we can see two general factions in the CCP – those like Mao who wanted to maintain autarky and a command economy, and those like Deng Xiaopeng who favored the continued existence of internal markets and gradual development. Mao had been looking for ways to purge the party of the more rightist faction years before the Cultural Revolution using internal party channels but there efforts were to no avail. Such a task would require mobilizing the masses outside the party, who had no shortage of reasons to gripe about the disconnect and corruption of the state bureaucracy. Yet it was not from the masses where the GPCR would have its origin, but from within the CCP with the founding of the Central Cultural Revolutionary Group. This group only had a limited influence with the party as it was composed of Mao and his closest cohorts. By going outside of the party and channeling mass discontent Mao’s faction concocted a strategy to not only consolidate power but to further refine his ideological hold over the nation. At first the Cultural Revolution was very similar to earlier anti-rightist campaigns that aimed to persecute former bourgeoisie. Many students engaged in criticisms of professors they viewed as overly traditional and conservative. Head of state Liu Shaoqi’s very much tried to keep the movement within these bounds, avoiding criticism of the party members themselves. It was in May 1966 when Mao suggested that rightism was a trend within the party itself, that party committees at all levels should be subject to criticism. It was in the summer of 1966 when the Red Guards formed. These groups of youth were united by an ideological adherence to Mao-Zedong Thought and their legitimate grievances with the CCP. Many Red Guards were the children of state bureaucrats who saw themselves as the “cream of the crop” of China, while others came from more “lumpen” backgrounds. While the Red Guards were divided into many factions, some of them gang-like, one can make a general divide between the more revolutionary and conservative Red Guards, the more revolutionary typically from less privileged strata of society. Some factions of Red Guards found themselves attacking party committees for rightism, while other Red Guards found themselves defending party committees from supposed rightists! Eventually the movement fell out of Liu Shaoqi’s control and Mao had many of the more conservative factions of the Red Guards banned. As the movement grew social turmoil intensified and Red Guards began to to even carry more power than Party committees in some areas. Bureaucrats who were used to being unhindered lording over society were now being socially persecuted in public struggle sessions, some which were so intense that suicide was the final result. Mao was giving the masses a chance to express themselves while still ultimately maintaining the structure of the party-state. In Shanghai, December 1966 the movement spread beyond the criticism of bureaucrats into a mass strike of apprentices who were asking for better pay and working conditions. A movement that originated in the party to mobilize students and lumpen was now impacting the disaffected proletarians of China, with order in Shanghai now withering away. Now that workers were engaged in struggle their demands were simply regarded as economistic for merely being wage demands. The ideological propaganda coming from Mao and cohorts now focused on attacking the “economism” of workers who were refusing to restore order. Red Guards were ordered “to take power” in Shanghai, but this was not a move to transcend the party-state but rather one aimed to quell the dissent of the working class. Millions of Chinese workers were temporary contract workers from the countryside that were denied the benefits that full time workers received, finding themselves in an economically un-stabile position. While the demands of workers revolved around issues of egalitarianism and were essentially socialist in content they were dismissed by Mao as “rightist”. In fact, these workers were merely agents of rightist bureaucrats who were trying to restore “revisionism” to power! Mao’s orders for the Red Guards to “take power” in Shanghai was certainly a move that had more to do with consolidating authority and getting the workers to shut up than with establishing any kind of dictatorship of the proletariat. From attacking party bureaucracy in general to denouncing the “economism” of workers , Mao’s propaganda then went to urging Red Guards to “unite with all who can be united”. What this meant was making peace with the majority of party bureaucrats, for now it was just a handful of bad apples that needed to be worried about. “Narrowing the focus of attack” meant that criticism was now concentrated on Deng Xiaopeng and Liu Shaoqi and often went to absurd lengths. Any shared political positions that Mao and Liu had the past were denied, for all positions that Liu held were inherently rightist. Focusing the political energy of the movement on attacks against Liu and Deng rather than a critique of society itself helped Mao further restore order and bring the Red Guards closer ideological control of his faction of party-state. The real intentions of the movement became clearer when Deng and Liu were no longer influential in the CCP and Mao ordered an end to free transportation for Red Guards throughout the country. With the emergence of “ultra-left” currents that saw the need for actual revolutionary change Mao seemed to lose interest in the mass movements that had developed. The next step was to call in the army. Lin Biao, the commander in chief of the People’s Liberation Army, had done much to indoctrinate his troops with the ideology of Mao-Zedong Thought. Lin was an ideologically dedicated Maoist, one of the bureaucrats most sympathetic to the extremist policies of the Great Leap Forward. He was also a key figure in crafting the Mao Cult as it existed during the Cultural Revolution by compiling what is known as the Little Red Book, a compilation of quotes by Chairman Mao that served as ideological poetry for the Red Guards. Though Lin Biao would later be accused of plotting a coup against Mao his allegiance to Mao meant that the PLA could be used to establish state authority amongst the political chaos that had taken over the country. In February of 67 New state organs called revolutionary committees, or three-in-one committees were ordered to be established throughout the country, containing 1) representatives from the army, 2) representatives of Red Guards and 3) old party bureaucrats. Essentially the masses were now being called on to ally with the party bureaucrats they had so eagerly criticized and mobilized against when given the chance. As one can imagine the establishment of the revolutionary committees was met with mass opposition and it took a while for the state to fully establish authority. Mass demonstrations and strikes had to be put down violently in many cities. In Shanghai the revolutionary committees had to assure ascendance through the democratic mystifications of the “Shanghai People’s Commune”. The founding of the Shanghai People’s Commune was not a product of a proletarian uprising like in the Commune of Paris 1870. It was founded as the result of compromises between factions of Red Guards and the restoration of order by the PLA. The founding of the Shanghai People’s Commune claimed to deliver the radical political democracy that the Cultural Revolution originally promised. Yet without the political content of actual proletarian rule the short-lived Shanghai People’s Commune could merely mimic the form of the legendary Paris Commune. Ultimately its authority was derived from Mao and the PLA. Point 9 of the 16-Point Decision written upon its founding promised: “a system of general elections, like that of the Paris Commune, for electing members to the cultural revolutionary groups and committees and delegates to the cultural revolutionary congresses. The lists of candidates should be put forward by the revolutionary masses after full discussion, and the elections should be held after the masses have discussed the lists over and over again.” The elections never even happened, for the Shanghai People’s Commune lasted less than a month and was merely a way to transition into the rule of the three-in-one revolutionary committees. After Deng Xiaopeng and Liu Shaoqui were no longer ideologically an influence in the CCP much propaganda from the Maoist Center focused on demonizing the growing “ultra-left” that took Mao’s call to rebel seriously. Any ruling group will never be able to fully establish the complete hegemony of its ideology and the Maoist bureaucracy was no exception. Army commanders aimed to fully incorporate Red Guards into the 3-in-1 committees but many refused, correcting seeing that these committees were not organs of proletarian dictatorship but class collaboration. This lead to clashes between “ultra-left” Red Guards and the army, complicated by the fact that many soldiers in the PLA were sympathetic to the ultra-left. By end of summer 67 Ultra-left Red Guards were in many cases taking the offensive, with tens of thousands of engaging in an organized siege of government buildings in Beijing for a month. By September Mao and Lin Biao made it clear that they were sympathetic to the army commanders aiming to restore order. Purges occurred and weapons were seized. The more rebellious Red Guards held off for a bit, consolidating themselves and organizing into more effective units. Others opportunistically vied for seats in the three-in-one committees. Many on the ultra-left viewed much of the factional fighting between Red Guards as essentially gang warfare, which it essentially was in many cases. In many cases factional fighting between Red Guards simply amounted to which leaders would occupy seats in the three-in-one committees. Taking a break from the ruthless power politics of before meant a chance to reflect and refine theory. Many currents of thought developed, such “Communist Group” in Bejing, “October Revolution Group” in Shandong, Sheng-wu-lian in Hunan and the more peasant oriented Dei-jue-yang in Wuhan. The Hunan Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee, or Sheng-wu-lian, was the most influential and notable of the Ultra-left currents that developed. Sheng-wu-lian may have written in the language of Mao Ze-Dong Thought, yet clearly espoused ideas that threatened the political supremacy of Mao himself. The currents most famous document, Whither China, written by Yang Xiguang, made bold statements such as: “What is the reality? ‘Peaceful transition’ is only another name for ‘peaceful evolution.’ It can only cause China to drift farther and farther away from the ‘Commune’ depicted in the May 7 Directive, and nearer and nearer to the existing society of the Soviet Union. . . ..The rule of the new bureaucratic bourgeoisie must be overthrown by force in order to solve the problem of political power. Empty shouting about realization of the May 7 Directive, without any reference to power seizure and complete smashing of the old state machinery, will truly be the ‘utopian’ dream.” Whither China is full of references to Marxism-Leninism, revisionism, and Mao-Zedong Thought yet is more theoretically adept in its class analysis than the populist poetry of Mao. Mao merely called for the masses to criticize and perhaps replace the party bureaucrats that managed their exploitation, a program of populist reformism. Whither China called for revolution in permanence, for the continuance of the class struggle. Sheng-wu-lian saw the CCP as a “class of ‘Red’ capitalists” that had “become a decaying class that hindered the progress of history”. The three-in-one committees were merely a “product of bourgeois reformism” that would lead to a dictatorship of the army and bureaucracy if established. Worker struggles dismissed by the Maoist Center as “economistic” were granted support, for Sheng-wu-lian aimed to assert an actual class perspective in its analysis rather than the ideological muck of typical Maoist thought. Calls for the formation of a political party independent of the CCP were made, for it was clear the current state machinery was to smashed rather than reformed from within. What is strange about Whither China is the fact that Mao and Lin Bao are still treated with reverence as heroes. In historical perspective this makes sense – the tropes of Mao Zedong Thought were the only reference points to Marxist theory that were available at the time, so it makes sense that even the most ultra-left groups would be steeped in it. Ultra-lefts in the GPCR used the sayings of the “great teachers” in ways that were never intended. While these currents believed themselves to be accurately following the tenets of Mao-Zedong Thought they were actively working against Mao himself. As a result some explained the obviously counter-revolutionary actions of the Maoist Center as proof that Mao was being taken hostage by rightists. The continued Maoist influence on Sheng-wu-lian was ultimately its greatest weakness. Maoism, being a variant of Stalinism, rigidly holds to the doctrine of “socialism-in-one country”, where national development is prioritized above internationalism. Throughout Whither China one finds no understanding of proletarian revolution as a phenomena that occurs on an international rather than national level. Of course one must keep in mind that during this period China was very isolated from the rest of the world, an autarky by all definitions. There was no contact between the Chinese working class and their comrades throughout the world, making the establishment of solidarity across national borders very difficult. It is easy to imagine that even if ultra-left currents were able to overthrow the CCP and PLA many of the same problems of Chinese society would remain, for China would still have to operate according to the laws of global capitalism. In fact 20 years later Yang Xiguang recognized this, claiming that what Sheng-wu-lian was advocating probably would have amounted to a mere “Dynastic change”. Despite their flaws, the Chinese ultra-left demonstrated that a proletarian class perspective existed in China was willing to express itself through both theory and praxis when possible. One can only imagine how they would have further developed if it weren’t for state repression doing all it could to wipe them out. Despite its proclaimed adherence to Mao, Whither China infuriated the Maoist Center, who proclaimed immediately that it was “counter-revolutionary big hotchpotch” and a “extremely reactionary trend of thought”. Ultra-leftism was viewed by Lin Bao as a force to be crushed, especially in the Hunan province. A major educational seminar set up by the Central Cultural Revolutionary Group early 1968 in Bejing focused much of its time denouncing ultra-leftism and Sheng-Wu-Lian. At this time the three-in-one revolutionary committees were hardly functioning as effective agents of state power in but a couple cities. Working class ferment was at a height with strikes and violent demonstrations spreading from Shanghai to other cities. What began as a purge led by Mao and his cohorts to consolidate influence in the state was spiraling into a movement that now terrified Mao. The solution of course was to unleash a wave of state repression, with the army taking the initiative to crush the ultra-left nationwide. Leaders of Sheng-Wu-Lian were imprisoned or murdered and pockets of resistance were liquidated. Ultimately those who suffered the greatest during the Cultural Revolution were not those who wished to maintain capitalist relations, but those who aimed to transcend them. This wave of repression was coupled with what some Maoists call “one of the greatest attempts to solve the capitalist division of labor.” Millions of students and youth were forced into the countryside to engage in manual labor, greatly dispersing the various political movements that had formed in the past two years. These “rustifcation” campaigns did nothing to actually change relations of production in agriculture but did put many youth to work and out of the streets. The triumph of the revolutionary committees was ultimately the triumph of the PLA and the final establishment of a military dictatorship. The following years of Chinese political history are mostly internal bureaucratic squabbles and very confusing, leading to some very bizarre foreign policy such as being the only “socialist” nation to recognize Pinochet’s Chile. It was ultimately the PLA that won out in the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, a vital tool for assuring that working class activity never got out of hand. Multiple 1st world leftist groups obsessed over the Cultural Revolution in the 60′s and early 70′s (see Max Elbaum’s Revolution in the Air), which seemed to coincide with events in Czechoslovakia, Paris and the US student movement. Yet the ideologies of third-worldism and the Mao cult that came to entrance much of the New Left was merely “the explosion point of ideology” to the Situationist International. For the Situationists what was occurring in China was the fracturing of the bureaucratic ruling class, a fracture that allowed the working class to assert itself as revolutionary force for the first time since 1927. Judging from much of the propaganda from the era they seem the exception to the norm, with even Trotskyist from the era sympathetic to Maoism. The student New Left, formerly obsessed with participatory democracy, was now forming rigidly dogmatic anti-revisionist groupings, self appointed vanguards that would form what was known as the New Communist Movement. The mystique that accompanied the Cultural Revolution did indeed make Maoism appear to many as a legitimate alternative to Stalinism and the Soviet Bloc, especially in its anti-bureaucratic rhetoric. Mao’s thought was held up as a less “deterministic” form of Marxism, even a synthesis of Marxism and anarchism. Yet many of these young leftists were unaware that Stalin also called for “Cultural Revolution” and called for attacks on managers and bureaucrats. While Stalin was able to purge political opponents using internal party mechanisms Mao called used the mystique of ideology to call on the masses for his purges. Both Mao and Stalin crushed whatever worker self-activity existed under their regimes and their calls for revolution from above were ultimately useless at addressing the real social antagonisms that existed in their societies. It is important to not only look beyond the mystique of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution but to also look deeper into its social content. Both right-wing and left-wing narratives of the event often ignored that those who suffered most in the events were not rightists but rather revolutionary workers and youth who dared to venture beyond the confines of Mao’s power struggle. The militancy of many struggles during the GPCR shows how little the rule of CCP had actually transcended class relations in China, class relations with antagonisms that are still exploding in Chinese society to this day. Notes Towards a Critique of Maoism The Explosion Point of Ideology in China The Rise and suppression of the ‘ultra-left’ in the Chinese cultural revolution “New Trends of Thought” in the Cultural Revolution Whither China by the The Hunan Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee, or Sheng-wu-lian Taken from http://internationalcommunistconspiracy.wordpress.com/2013/08/22/the-myt.... First published 22 August 2013. The mythology of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.pdf 475.09 KB Donald Parkinson Chinese Revolution Cultural Revolution Maoism state socialism The mythology of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.pdf (475.09 KB) First. and DOPE! Pennoid wrote: yeah, it's a really good piece! klas batalo No guys you don't understand, gotta read this Kasama article... I should edit my first post. I thought it was dope. Then I got Mao with the sickness.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2603
__label__wiki	0.697968	0.697968	“It is He who changes the times and the epochs; He removes kings and establishes kings. . .” —Daniel 2:21 Death of William the Conqueror, cottish writer and historian Thomas Carlyle during the 1840s, and especially in his book Heroes and Hero Worship, argued that history can largely be explained by the actions and leadership of great men of the past. He lauds but a few in his book — Napoleon, Cromwell, Knox, Luther, Rousseau, Shakespeare, etc. but the principle took hold among prominent historians and philosophers. The theory is largely debunked today in favor of economic forces, social factors, or just randomness and chaos. For the Christian, God controls history, and the past should be examined and explained through all the means He uses to further His purposes. I would suggest that that especially includes men of extraordinary ability and leadership. Duke William of Normandy, “The Conqueror”, was one of those men. William “The Conqueror”, c. 1028 - September 9, 1087 In his time, the 11th century, William’s invasion of England seemed like just another dynastic struggle over who should rule England. With the death in 1066 of the last of the West Saxon kings, Edward the Confessor, three rival claimants to the throne fought to the death for the crown. Harold, the son of the Wessex Earl, Godwin, who had ruled de facto during Edward’s weak reign, was crowned King in Westminster Abbey. Tostig, Harold’s exiled and revengeful half-brother, joined forces with the Norwegian King Harold Hadraga and together they landed a large army in the late summer of 1066 at Stamford Bridge near York. King Harold of England and his own house-carls, of Viking blood themselves, defeated the Norwegians, killing both Hadraga and Tostig. Battle of Stamford Bridge In the meantime, William the Conqueror assembled his army and invaded England from Normandy. William’s reputation as a ferocious fighter developed early, since he was the illegitimate son of the Duke of Normandy. The Normans (Norsemen) were Vikings who settled on the coast of France a century earlier and eventually adopted the language and some of the cultural norms of the French, although they carried on constant warfare with them. Harold raced south two hundred fifty miles to fight William, and they met at Hastings. Toward the end of the battle Harold was shot through the eye with an arrow, and the English were defeated and slaughtered; Duke William of Normandy became King William I of England. The Conqueror marched across England devastating every place that resisted, and building castles to secure his reign, including the Tower of London. Reenactment of the Battle of Hastings A page from the Domesday Book Internal opposition and revolts occurred throughout his kingdom but his knights and their castles kept the island under Norman control. Norman families came with the knights and soldiers to England and thus added another layer of culture to the Danish, Anglo-Saxon, Roman, and Briton heritages already in place. His rule extended into Scotland and Wales through the knightly Norman families. By all accounts William was also a pious churchman, endowing many abbeys and constructing churches. His marriage seems to have been loving and there is no account of unfaithfulness, unusual for men of his stature; his wife bore him ten children. The Domesday Book — his recording of all the land owned in England and by whom — is one of the most important and remarkable documents in English history. William had to return to France constantly, to put down revolts and invasions of Norman territory, sometimes to fight his own sons. In a battle against the French at Mantes, William’s horse stumbled amidst the burning ashes of the town and somehow the King was desperately wounded by the pommel of his saddle, and perhaps thrown to the ground. He survived in agony at the priory of St. Gervase, at Rouen, for several months, but died from his wound on September 9, 1087, about the age of fifty-nine. Tomb of William “The Conqueror”, Abbaye-aux-Hommes, Caen God raises up kings and puts them down. His choice of monarchs and the twists and turns they give to history can become the stuff of legends. The more we study them and the more we can understand of their times, may help us better see the effects of sin, redemption, accountability, justice, mercy, and other important matters in our own day. We also can see what God was doing among those of His church in the past. In Normandy, five hundred years later, many thousands embraced the Gospel and the old lands of William the Conqueror became some of the strongest area of the French Protestant Reformation. Image Credits: 1 William “The Conqueror” (Wikipedia.org) 2 Battle of Stamford Bridge (Wikipedia.org) 3 Battle of Hastings reenactment (Wikipedia.org) 4 Domesday Book (Wikipedia.org) 5 William’s tomb (Wikipedia.org)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2609
__label__wiki	0.884005	0.884005	'I studied at uni, now sell eggs': India's job crisis under Modi 6 February 2019 09:30 am A grim-faced young man rustles up a quick egg snack on a pushcart at a quiet residential corner in a suburb of the Indian capital, New Delhi, as he meticulously enquires about his patrons' tastes. Sagar Kumar, a 21-year-old undergraduate in commerce at an open university in Noida, a city in Uttar Pradesh - the country's most populous state in the Hindi-speaking heartland - is angry. He has been working as a roadside food vendor for a year to pay for the school fees of his younger siblings and the kidney dialysis of an ailing father. He is impatient for a government job. "I study at night, the rest of the time I tend to this food cart and earn 500 rupees [$6] a day. What use is a commerce graduate degree to sell eggs by the roadside?" Sagar said. In New Delhi's Tughlakabad slums, around the remnants of a medieval era fort, 24-year-old Seema is a part-time cook, but hopes to get a job as an office secretary. "My typing speed is very good and I can add numbers. My family came to Delhi from Badayun [in Uttar Pradesh] where I wanted to get a clerical job at a government office. But I have had no luck yet. There are also safety concerns to consider when looking for a job as a woman here," she says. Survey barred from publishing India's fast-paced economic growth has failed to generate employment opportunities for over 12 million Indians who enter job market every year. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who swept to power in 2014 on the promise to create 10 million job annually, has been accused of creating the worst unemployment crisis in decades. A leaked report about India's unemployment last week revealed that jobless rate rose to its highest level in at least 45 years. For the first time, half of India's working-age population (15 years and above), is not contributing to any economic activity, data analysis by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) shows. Officials at Niti Aayog, the premier government policy think-tank, said the report was not final and that sufficient jobs were being created. Former Finance Minister Arun Jaitley dismissed the survey findings, saying it was "disinformation". "If the economy is growing at 12 percent nominal growth for the last five years, it would be an economic absurdity to say that such a large economic growth, the highest in the world, doesn't lead to the creation of jobs," Jaitley told Indian news agency ANI. "If no job creation takes place then there is social unrest. This has been a peace period where no major social agitation has been witnessed in the last five years," the minister claimed. 'We need jobs' But warnings about a brewing jobs crisis are not new. In December, the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) said labour participation rate, a measure of adults who are willing to work, has fallen to 42 percent. In March 2018, data from the CMIE, a portal that tracks economic activity, said 31 million Indians were looking for jobs. A report released last month by the All India Manufacturers' Organisation said 3.5 million jobs had been lost since 2016, when Modi banned about 85 percent of currency notes. Government jobs in India are the most sought after. India's railway network recently received 19 million applications for 63,000 jobs as cleaners and track maintainers. Sagar, son of a migrant family from Madhepura in Bihar state, says he applied for several government jobs, including at the railways which does not mandate a college degree. Old enough to vote for the first time, he says "whoever forms the next government must help us". "We need jobs. If you can't do that, then help us earn. I tried to get a loan for entrepreneurs, but that is a nightmare as well. So there is nowhere to turn. Neither jobs are available nor is it easy to get bank loans to fund a small business," he added. Sagar is among the 133 million young adults who will cast their ballots when the world's biggest democracy holds a general election due in less than 100 days. The election comes as India struggles through a period of what economists call "jobless growth". "The jobs crisis is really bad. The medium and small scale industries and agriculture are major employers in our country. These sectors have suffered due to policy induced shocks like a badly-implemented national services tax GST and a note ban in 2016 that broke the backs of small businesses and the informal sector," economist Prasenjit Bose told Al Jazeera. "Even the organised sector has not grown under this government. Although public sector investments have happened but that has not translated into jobs," he said. "The fact is that the economic growth data is being grossly overestimated. There can be no other explanation for this discrepancy between an over 7 percent GDP growth and a 45-year-high unemployment rate." Unemployment fuels inequality Job growth has slowed just as the biggest youth bulge the world has ever seen nears its peak in a country where more than half of its 1.2 billion people are under 25. In cases like Sagar and Seema, a precarious labour market, socioeconomic factors and a lack of public services has made matters worse. Since the lack of access to income is the main driver of poverty, experts warn this will also fuel an increase in inequality. With faster but uneven economic growth in recent decades, boundaries between villages and small towns have blurred. Meanwhile, migration, mobile phones and television have ensured people are more keenly aware of how the lives of others are improving faster than their own. In states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Haryana and Rajasthan, upper caste land-owning farming communities have held large protests in recent years, demanding quotas in government jobs. Under pressure to placate the unemployed youth, the government passed a law last month offering quotas to the upper castes in public sector jobs and higher education places. Population is rising beyond the economy's capacity to create jobs and there is insufficient job creation in the private sector, say experts. Investment in the Indian economy is stagnating at lower levels than 2011-12 and the unorganised sector is declining, said Professor Arun Kumar, author of "Demonetisation and the Black Economy". "The government needs to address the agricultural crisis. The unorganised sector needs a boost, you need to give them credit and support. The unorganised sector, when revived, will create demand for its own self," Kumar told Al Jazeera. In the midst of the squabbling over jobs data, economist Kumar says it is necessary to point out the distinction between unemployment and underemployment. "In India, we don't have social security. So if somebody loses work, they can't say we won't work. Everybody does some work here, so you see graduates pushing a cart etc. India is characterised more by underemployment than unemployment. The problem is our unorganised sector employs 93 percent of those seeking work. It is this 93 percent that is losing jobs because this sector is in crisis," Kumar said. Major election issue This is why India's ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) looks nervous as it seeks re-election. In a television interview last year, Prime Minister Modi had said that selling 'pakodas' (deep-fried finger food) is also a form of employment since the 'pakoda' seller would earn rupees 200 ($2.7) a day. The remark created a huge controversy, with the opposition accusing Modi of being insentitive to people's demands for jobs. Ahead of polls, it has ratcheted up pressure on Modi over his unkept promises on jobs. The main opposition Congress party has promised to introduce a minimum income guarantee for the poor if it wins the elections, due by May. India's fractured political landscape, with its dozens of regional parties and caste alliances, poses a serious challenge to Modi's reelection bid. Inspite of people like Sagar and Seema's economic aspirations, regional and caste politics will play a big part in how people vote. And it will be an uphill task for the next government, irrespective of its ideological affiliation, to create all the jobs needed. By Zeenat Saberin This article originally appeared on aljazeera.com	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2611
__label__wiki	0.86785	0.86785	325 U.S. 196 - United States v. United States 325 US 196 United States v. United States 65 S.Ct. 1120 UNITED STATES ALKALI EXPORT ASS'N, Inc., et al. UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA ALKALI EXPORT ASS'N et al. v. SAME. Nos. 1016, 1017. Argued May 1, 2, 1945. Mr. Wm. Dwight Whitney, of New York City, for petitioners. Mr. Wendell Berge, Asst. Atty. Gen., for respondent. Mr. Chief Justice STONE delivered the opinion of the Court. This is a suit in the District Court for Southern New York, brought by the United States under § 4 of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 15 U.S.C. § 4, 15 U.S.C.A. § 4, to restrain violations of the Act. The defendants, who are petitioners here, are two incorporated export associations, thirteen domestic members of one or the other, and a British corporation and its American subsidiary, all of which are producers of alkalies. The bill of complaint alleges that petitioners are engaged in a conspiracy to eliminate exports of alkalies to the United States by the foreign members of the conspiracy; to restrict or eliminate exports of alkalies by domestic producers from the United States to many world markets; to prevent independent domestic producers from competing with petitioners, in the export of alkalies; to restrict their production of alkalies in the United States; and to fix prices of caustic soda in the United States, all in violation of § 1 of the Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1, 15 U.S.C.A. § 1. The district court denied, 58 F.Supp. 785, petitioners' motion to dismiss the complaint, made on the ground that exclusive jurisdiction of the matters charged in the complaint is vested in the first instance in the Federal Trade Commission, under §§ 1, 2, and 5 of the Webb-Pomerene Act of April 10, 1918, c. 50, 40 Stat. 516, 15 U.S.C. §§ 61, 62, 65, 15 U.S.C.A. §§ 61, 62, 65. Petitioners then filed here petitions for certiorari under § 262 of the Judicial Code, 28 U.S.C. § 377, 28 U.S.C.A. § 377, seeking review of the order of the district court denying the motion to dismiss. The questions for decision are (1) whether the order of the district court, denying petitioners' motion to dismiss the complaint, may appropriately be reviewed here by writ of certiorari issued under § 262 of the Judicial Code and, if so, (2) whether §§ 1, 2 and 5 of the Webb-Pomerene Act confer primary jurisdiction on the Federal Trade Commission, exclusive of that of the District Court, to pass upon alleged violations of the Sherman Act by export associations. Section 4 of the Sherman Act invests the several district courts with jurisdiction to restrain violations of the Act; and it imposes on district attorneys of the United States, under the direction of the Attorney General, the duty to institute suits in equity in their respective districts, to restrain such violations. But § 2 of the Webb-Pomerene Act exempts from the prohibitions of the Sherman Act, associations 'entered into for the sole purpose of engaging in export trade and actually engaged solely in such export trade' and also any 'agreement made or act done in the course of export trade by such association, provided such association, agreement, or act is not in restraint of trade within the United States, and is not in restraint of the export trade of any domestic competitor of such association.' To this is added a second proviso 'that such association does not, either in the United States or elsewhere, enter into any agreement, understanding, or conspiracy, or do any act which artificially or intentionally enhances or depresses prices within the United States of commodities of the class exported by such association, or which substantially lessens competition within the United States or otherwise restrains trade therein.' The first paragraph of § 5 of the Webb-Pomerene Act requires each association engaged solely in export trade to file with the Federal Trade Commission a statement giving information concerning its officers and stockholders or members, and its place of business, and a copy of its articles of incorporation or its contract of association; the association is required to refile annually such statements with suitable corrections, and to furnish such further specified information as the Commission may from time to time request. Section 5 further provides in its second paragraph that whenever the Commission shall have reason to believe that an export association is violating the Sherman Act in the ways excepted by the provisos of § 2 from its exemptions, the Commission shall conduct an investigation into the alleged violations. If 'it shall conclude that the law has been violated, it may make to such association recommendations for the readjustment of its business, in order that it may thereafter maintain its organization and management and conduct its business in accordance with law.' If the association fails to comply with the recommendations of the Commission, it 'shall refer its findings and recommendations to the Attorney General of the United States for such action thereon as he may deem proper.'1 Petitioners do not question the district court's rulings, in denying their motion, that the complaint alleges violations of the Sherman Act, and that under its allegations petitioners are not within any immunity from the Sherman Act secured by § 2 of the Webb-Pomerene Act. Their sole contention on the merits is that § 5 of the latter Act, by authorizing the proceedings before the Federal Trade Commission, deprives the district courts of jurisdiction in Sherman Act cases until the Commission has made its investigation and recommendations, the associations have failed to comply with them, and the Commission has referred its findings and recommendations to the Attorney General. Petitioners argue that this Court may appropriately review the order of the district court by writ of certiorari, issued under § 262 of the Judicial Code. They point out that § 2 of the Expediting Act of February 11, 1903, as amended, 15 U.S.C. § 29, 15 U.S.C.A. § 29, governing appeals in Sherman Act cases, makes no provision for appeals from interlocutory orders or judgments, and provides that 'an appeal from the final decree of the district court will lie only to the Supreme Court.' See United States v. California Coop. Canneries, 279 U.S. 553, 49 S.Ct. 423, 73 L.Ed. 838. But it is urged that the district court is deprived of its jurisdiction by § 5 of the Webb-Pomerene Act, until the Trade Commission has made the investigation and followed the further procedure outlined by § 5; that the assertion by the district court of its jurisdiction, without awaiting an investigation by the Commission, will entail protracted litigation and impose on the parties great expense before the error can be corrected on appeal from the final judgment to this Court. All this will be avoided, it is said, by awaiting action by the Commission. Hence petitioners insist that the case is appropriate for the exercise by this Court of its extraordinary power to review the order of the district court by writ of certiorari. Section 262 of the Judicial Code provides that the Supreme Court, circuit courts of appeals and the district courts, 'shall have power to issue all writs not specifically provided for by statute, which may be necessary for the exercise of their respective jurisdictions, and agreeable to the usages and principles of law.' Under § 262, this Court has power, in aid of its appellate jurisdiction, to review judgments and orders of the district courts by resort to the common law writs of certiorari, mandamus and prohibition. Whitney v. Dick, 202 U.S. 132, 26 S.Ct. 584, 50 L.Ed. 963; McClellan v. Carland, 217 U.S. 268, 30 S.Ct. 501, 54 L.Ed. 762, and cases cited; In re 620 Church Street Building Corporation, 299 U.S. 24, 26, 57 S.Ct. 88, 89, 81 L.Ed. 16, and cases cited; Ex parte Republic of Peru, 318 U.S. 578, 63 S.Ct. 793, 87 L.Ed. 1014, an cases cited; House v. Mayo, 324 U.S. 42, 65 S.Ct. 517, and cases cited; compare Roche v. Evaporated Milk Ass'n, 319 U.S. 21, 63 S.Ct. 938, 87 L.Ed. 1185. These writs are granted or withheld in the sound discretion of the Court. See Roche v. Evaporated Milk Ass'n, supra, 319 U.S. at page 25, 63 S.Ct. at page 941, 87 L.Ed. 1185, and cases cited. In the usual case this Court will decline to issue a writ prior to review in the Circuit Court of Appeals, whether by ordinary appeal, In re Tampa Suburban R. Co., 168 U.S. 583, 588, 18 S.Ct. 177, 179, 42 L.Ed. 589, or by an extraordinary remedy, see Ex parte Peru, supra, 318 U.S. 584, 63 S.Ct. 797, 87 L.Ed. 1185. But where, as here, sole appellate jurisdiction lies in this Court, application for a common law writ in aid of appellate jurisdiction must be to this Court. The traditional use of such writs both at common law and in the federal courts has been, in appropriate cases, to confine inferior courts to the exercise of their prescribed jurisdiction or to compel them to exercise their authority when it is their duty to do so. In re Chetwood, 165 U.S. 443, 462, 17 S.Ct. 385, 392, 41 L.Ed. 782 (citing Tidd's Prac. 398, and Bac. Ab., Certiorari); Whitney v. Dick, supra, 202 U.S. 139, 140, 26 S.Ct. 587, 50 L.Ed. 963; Ex parte Peru, supra, 318 U.S. 583, 63 S.Ct. 796, 87 L.Ed. 1014, and cases cited.2 It is evident that hardship is imposed on parties who are compelled to await the correction of an alleged error at an interlocutory stage by an appeal from a final judgment. But such hardship does not necessarily justify resort to certiorari or other of the extraordinary writs as a means of review. In such cases appellate courts are reluctant to interfere with decisions of lower courts, even on jurisdictional questions, which they are competent to decide and which are reviewable in the regular course of appeal. In re Tampa Suburban R. Co., supra; Ex parte Harding, 219 U.S. 363, 369, 31 S.Ct. 324, 325, 55 L.Ed. 252, 37 L.R.A.,N.S., 392; Roche v. Evaporated Milk Ass'n, supra, 319 U.S. 30, 31, 63 S.Ct. 943, 944, 87 L.Ed. 1185, and cases cited; cf. Stoll v. Gottlieb, 305 U.S. 165, 59 S.Ct. 134, 83 L.Ed. 104; Treinies v. Sunshine Mining Co., 308 U.S. 66, 60 S.Ct. 44, 84 L.Ed. 85. The writs may not be used as a substitute for an authorized appeal; and where, as here, the statutory scheme permits appellate review of interlocutory orders only on appeal from the final judgment, review by certiorari or other extraordinary writ is not permissible in the face of the plain indication of the legislative purpose to avoid piecemeal reviews. Roche v. Evaporated Milk Ass'n, supra, 319 U.S. 30, 63 S.Ct. 943, 87 L.Ed. 1185, and cases cited; and see Cobbledick v. United States, 309 U.S. 323, 60 S.Ct. 540, 84 L.Ed. 783. But the present case is not the ordinary one of hardship resulting from overruling a plea in bar or denying a preliminary motion which, if well founded, would end the litigation on the merits—decisions which Congress, in the absence of other provisions for appeal, must have contemplated would, in the ordinary course, be reviewed on appeal from the final judgment. The questions now presented involve the propriety of the exercise, by the district court, of its equity jurisdiction, and an asserted conflict between its jurisdiction and that of an agency of Congress said to be charged with the duty of enforcing the antitrust laws in the circumstances of the present case. If petitioners' motion was well founded, its denial operated to thwart the asserted purpose of Congress to afford to export associations, which overstep the bounds of the granted immunity, opportunity, with he expert aid of the Trade Commission, to retrace their steps, without being subjected to the penalties of the law. Exercise of its jurisdiction by the district court would preclude the Commission from carrying out its asserted functions of investigation, recommendation and report before any suit by the United States. This would be more than the mere denial of the right of a suitor such as Congress must have contemplated would be corrected by recourse to the prescribed appeal procedure. It would be a frustration of the functions which Congress has directed the Commission to perform and of the policy which Congress presumably sought to effectuate by their performance. The hardship imposed on petitioners by a long postponed appellate review, coupled with the attendant infringement of the asserted Congressional policy of conferring primary jurisdiction on the Commission, together support the appeal to the discretion of this Court to exercise its power to review the ruling of the district court in advance of final judgment. The case is analogous to those in which this Court has, by writs issued under § 262, reviewed the action of district courts, alleged to be in excess of their authority, by which they have foreclosed the adjudication of rights or the protection of interests committed to the jurisdiction of a state officer or tribunal, see In re Chetwood, supra; McClellan v. Carland, supra; Ex parte Metropolitan Water Co., 220 U.S. 539, 31 S.Ct. 600, 55 L.Ed. 575; Ex parte Skinner & Eddy Corporation, 265 U.S. 86, 44 S.Ct. 446, 68 L.Ed. 912; Maryland v. Soper (No. 1), 270 U.S. 9, 46 S.Ct. 185, 70 L.Ed. 449; Ex parte Northern Pacific Ry. Co., 280 U.S. 142, 50 S.Ct. 70, 74 L.Ed. 233; Colorado v. Symes, 286 U.S. 510, 52 S.Ct. 635, 76 L.Ed. 1253, or by which they have deprived a party of a trial by jury. Ex parte Simons, 247 U.S. 231, 38 S.Ct. 497, 62 L.Ed. 1094, Ex parte Peterson, 253 U.S. 300, 305, 40 S.Ct. 543, 544, 64 L.Ed. 919. For these reasons we think the case is an appropriate one for review of the district court's order by certiorari, and we pass to the consideration of the merits. Petitioners do not deny that the allegations of the complaint are sufficient to charge violations of the Sherman Act not within the exemptions created by § 2 of the WebbPomerene Act. The contention is that since the alleged violations are being committed by and on behalf of export associations which have conformed to § 5 of the latter Act, the authority of the United States to maintain the suit is suspended until the Federal Trade Commission has proceeded against the associations by way of investigation and, if found appropriate, by way of recommendations to them and reference of its findings to the Attorney General, as specified in § 5. It is conceded that § 5 contains no explicit restriction on the authority of the United States to institute antitrust suits in the normal way, nor any explicit requirement that resort be had to the Commission prior to the institution of such an antitrust suit. Petitioners argue that this is to be implied from the structure of the Act, which first, by § 2, exempts from the Sherman Act certain activities of export associations, with specified exceptions; and then by the second paragraph of § 5, gives the Commission authority, in language substantially identical with that of the exceptions in § 2, to investigate such activities as continue to be violations of the Sherman Act. It is argued that Congress, by authorizing the Commission to investigate violations and in appropriate cases to report to the Attorney General any violations found, has expressed the purpose that the action by the Commission and the Attorney General should be consecutive and not concurrent. It would follow that however strong the evidence, and however clear the violation of the Sherman Act, the Attorney General must await the action of the Commission, which may or may not undertake to proceed with the case, and that in any event the Attorney General and the courts must abide by the Commission's determination that there are no violations to report. During the twenty-eight years between the enactment of the Sherman Act and the passage of the Webb-Pomerene Act, the plenary authority and settled practice of the Department of Justice to institute antitrust suits, without prior proceedings by other agencies, became firmly established. A pro tanto repeal of that authority, by conferring upon the Commission primary jurisdiction to determine when, if at all, an antitrust suit may appropriately be brought, would require a clear expression of that purpose by Congress. United States v. Borden Co., 308 U.S. 188, 198, 199, 203-206, 60 S.Ct. 182, 188, 190, 191, 84 L.Ed. 181, see also State of Georgia v. Pennsylvania R.R. Co., 324 U.S. 439, 65 S.Ct. 716, 726. The Webb-Pomerene Act, as we have said, contains no explicit indication to that end. Nor may such an implication be readily drawn from the language of the statutes, or their legislative history. In determining whether the Webb-Pomerene Act curtailed the then existing authority of the United States to bring antitrust suits, it is important to consider what that Act did not do, as well as what it did. True, it exempted from the antitrust laws some, but not all, acts which would otherwise have been violations. But while it empowered the Commission to investigate, recommend and report, it gave the Commission no authority to make any order or impose any prohibition or restraint, or make any binding adjudication with respect to these violations. This is in marked contrast to the Commission's power to issue cease and desist orders with respect to violations of § 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, as amended, 15 U.S.C. § 45, 15 U.S.C.A. § 45,3 and with respect to violations of the Clayton Act, §§ 1, 3, 7, 8, 11, as amended, 15 U.S.C. §§ 13, 14, 18, 19, 21, 15 U.S.C.A. §§ 13, 14, 18, 19, 21.4 On the other hand, it is consonant with and closely related to another important function of the Commission, which from the beginning has had extensive powers to investigate and report on practices which concern or affect the enforcement of laws relating to trade and commerce, including the antitrust laws.5 Such investigations by the Commission have never been deemed prerequisite to antitrust suits by the United States; and there is nothing to suggest that Congress, in authorizing the Commission to investigate export associations, intended to place such investigations on any different footing than others, which the Commission had already been authorized to conduct. It is suggested that Congress could not have contemplated 'concurrent jurisdiction' of the Commission and the courts, because of the inconvenience to suitors in not being afforded an opportunity to mend their ways by following the Commission's recommendations. And petitioners urge that Congress could not have intended concurrent jurisdiction, since it explicitly provided for it when it so desired. Thus §§ 1, 3, 7, and 8 of the Clayton Act, as amended, 15 U.S.C. §§ 13, 14, 18, 19, 15 U.S.C.A. §§ 13, 14, 18, 19, may be enforced either by cease and desist orders of the Commission, § 11, 15 U.S.C. § 21, 15 U.S.C.A. § 21, or by suits in equity instituted by the several district attorneys in their respective districts, under the direction of the Attorney General, § 15, 15 U.S.C. § 25, 15 U.S.C.A. § 25. This argument overlooks the fact that the Commission's authority is to investigate and recommend, not to restrain violations of the antitrust laws (save as they may incidentally be violations of other statutes, which the Commission may enforce). The Commission, by its investigations and recommendations, may render a useful service in bringing violations to the attention of the Department of Justice or by showing that resort to the courts is unnecessary, either because there has been no violation or because the associations have satisfactorily corrected their trade practices. But the Commission, under the Webb-Pomerene Act, does not enforce the antitrust laws; its powers are exhausted when it has referred its findings to the Attorney General. Indeed, the provisions for such reference are necessary not because the Commission has a primary jurisdiction, but only because it cannot itself enforce the antitrust laws. Further, there is no want of specific authority for the United States to enforce the antitrust laws: the violations here alleged are not violations of the Webb-Pomerene Act, but of the Sherman Act, and it is the latter which provides for suits to be brought by the United States. But even if the case were one of concurrent jurisdiction, we cannot assume that there would be any unseemly conflict between the Commission and the Department of Justice. Congress has found no such objection to the concurrent jurisdiction to enforce the provisions of the Clayton Act to which we have referred. The two agencies will seldom act simultaneously. There would be no occasion for an investigation by the Commission if the Attorney General had already procured the requisite evidence of violations and was ready to proceed with his suit, as is said to be the case here. And there is no basis for interpreting the statute as though it had been contrived to prevent hostile action rather than to encourage efficient cooperation between the Commission and the Department of Justice. As we have said the Webb-Pomerene Act's grant of power to the Commission would curtail the authority of the United States to conduct antitrust suits only if it were deemed to be an implied repeal pro tanto of § 4 of the Sherman Act. As we pointed out in United States v. Borden Co., supra, 308 U.S. 198, 199, 203-206, 60 S.Ct. 188, 190, 191, 84 L.Ed. 181, such repeals by implication are not favored. There we held that provisions of the Capper-Volst ad Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 291, 292, 7 U.S.C.A. §§ 291, 292, comparable to those of §§ 2 and 5 of the Webb-Pomerene Act, did not operate to restrict the authority of the United States to maintain suits for violation of the antitrust laws. Sections 1 and 2 of the Capper-Volstead Act, c. 57, 42 Stat. 388, 7 U.S.C. §§ 291, 292, 7 U.S.C.A. §§ 291, 292 authorized collective marketing by members of agricultural cooperatives but empowered the Secretary of Agriculture to issue cease and desist orders, upon investigation and findings that any such cooperative associations monopolized or restrained interstate trade and commerce to such an extent that the prices of any agricultural products were thereby unduly enhanced. And the Act gave jurisdiction to the district courts to enforce the Secretary's orders. This Court rejected the contention that the Capper-Volstead Act gave to the Secretary 'exclusive jurisdiction' to determine in the first instance whether the acts of the cooperatives were violations of the Sherman Act because they went beyond the immunity granted by the Capper-Volstead Act. And we held for the same reasons, which are controlling here, that neither the language nor the structure of the Capper-Volstead Act indicated a Congressional purpose to make the procedure by the Secretary, which it established, either a substitute for or a prerequisite to a suit by the United States under the Sherman Act. A fortiori no such purpose is to be inferred from the Webb-Pomerene Act, which has withheld from the Commission any authority to enforce the Sherman Act. Petitioners appeal to the familiar principle that equity will not lend its aid to a plaintiff who has not first exhausted his administrative remedies. Natural Gas Pipeline Co. v. Slattery, 302 U.S. 300, 310, 311, 58 S.Ct. 199, 204, 82 L.Ed. 276; Myers v. Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, 303 U.S. 41, 51, and n. 9, 58 S.Ct. 459, 463, 82 L.Ed. 638, and cases cited. And especially they urge that the Government may not proceed with the prosecution of a Sherman Act case until the relevant issues have been submitted to and passed upon an administrative tribunal established by the Government to determine those issues. See United States v. Pacific & A.R. & Nav. Co., 228 U.S. 87, 106-108, 33 S.Ct. 443, 448, 449, 57 L.Ed. 742. To this the answer is, as already indicated, that the only function of the Federal Trade Commission under § 5 of the Webb-Pomerene Act is to investigate, recommend and report. It can give no remedy. It can make no controlling finding of law or fact. Its recommendation need not be followed by any court or administrative or executive officer. Thus the words of the Webb-Pomerene Act and its setting lend no support to petitioners' contention. And there is nothing in its legislative history to show a Congressional purpose to restrict the authority of the United States to maintain suits for every kind of violation of the antitrust laws. The precise problem presented by the present case was not referred to in the committee reports or the debates, except in a remark by Senator Pomerene, indicating that the Act does not preclude suits by the United States before the Commission has made its investigation.6 But the absence of more extended discussion of the matter is in itself persuasive evidence that there was no purpose to repeal any portion of § 4 of the Sherman Act. And Congress's clear purpose to insure continued and vigorous application of the antitrust laws to domestic restraints of trade, notwithstanding the Webb-Pomerene Act, is shown by the Committee Reports7 as well as by statements of the sponsors of the legislation on the floors of Congress,8 and is a strong indication that there was no thought of depriving the Attorney General of any of his powers to prosecute antitrust suits. We conclude that the United States was authorized to bring this suit, and that the Commission's powers conferred by § 5 of the Webb-Pomerene Act do not preclude the suit before the Commission has acted. The order of the district court is therefore affirmed. Mr. Justice ROBERTS concurs in this opinion in respect of this Court's exercise of jurisdiction under § 262 of the Judicial Code. He dissents from the decision that the District Court had power to hear the cause in the absence of an investigation and recommendation by the Federal Trade Commission. The second paragraph of § 5 of the Webb-Pomerene Act, with which we are especially concerned, reads as follows: 'Whenever the Federal Trade Commission shall have reason to believe that an association or any agreement made or act done by such association is in restraint of trade within the United States or in restraint of the export trade of any domestic competitor of such association, or that an association either in the United States or elsewhere has entered into any agreement, understanding, or conspiracy, or done any act which artificially or intentionally enhances or depresses prices within the United States of commodities of the class exported by such association, or which substantially lessens competition within the United States or otherwise restrains trade therein, it shall summon such association, its officers, and agents to appear before it, and thereafter conduct an investigation into the alleged violations of law. Upon investigation, if it shall conclude that the law has been violated, it may make to such association recommendations for the readjustment of its business, in order that it may thereafter maintain its organization and management and conduct its business in accordance with law. If such association fails to comply with the recommendations of the Federal Trade Commission, said commission shall refer its findings and recommendations to the Attorney General of the United States for such action thereon as he may deem proper.' See also Regina v. Yarrington, 1 Salk. 406, 91 Eng.Rep. 353 (Q.B. 1710); The King v. The Justices of the West Riding of Yorkshire, 5 T.R. 629, 101 Eng.Rep. 352 (K.B. 1794); The King v. The Justices of Somersetshire, 5 Barn & Cress., 816, 108 Eng.Rep. 303 (K.B. 1826); The King v. Judge Clements (1932) 2 K.B. 535; The King v. Middlesex Justices (1933) 1 K.B. 72. Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, as amended, 15 U.S.C. § 45, 15 U.S.C.A. § 45, declares that 'unfair methods of competition in commerce, and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in commerce' are unlawful. Section 1 of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 13, 15 U.S.C.A. § 13, prohibits certain discriminations in price and services; section 3, 15 U.S.C. § 14, 15 U.S.C.A. § 14, certain sales or leases where the purchaser is required to refrain from dealing with competitors of the seller; section 7, 15 U.S.C. § 18, 15 U.S.C.A. § 18, certain acquisitions by corporations of stocks in other corporations; and § 8, 15 U.S.C. § 19, 15 U.S.C.A. § 19, certain interlocking directorates. Section 11, 15 U.S.C. § 21, 15 U.S.C.A. § 21, confers on the Commission power to issue cease and desist orders with respect to violations of §§ 1, 3, 7 and 8. Section 6(e) of the Federal Trade Commission Act, 15 U.S.C. § 46(e), 15 U.S.C.A. § 46(e), authorizes the Commission, in language comparable to that of § 5 of the Webb-Pomerene Act, 'upon the application of the Attorney General to investigate and make recommendations for the readjustment of the business of any corporation alleged to be violating the antitrust Acts in order that the corporation may thereafter maintain its organization, management, and conduct of business in accordance with law.' Section 6 further authorizes the Commission to investigate the organization, business, practices and management of any corporation engaged in interstate commerce; to require such corporations to file annual and special reports and answers to questions concerning such matters; to investigate the manner in which corporations, defendants in Sherman Act suits brought by the Government, have complied with the decrees, and to transmit to the Attorney General its 'findings and recommendations'; to investigate and report, upon the direction of the President or Congress, the facts relating to any 'violations of the antitrust Acts by any corporation'; to investigate trade conditions in foreign countries where trade practices may affect our foreign trade, and to report to Congress its recommendations. In response to a question by Senator Weeks, that 'assuming * * that the conclusion of the commission might be altogether wise, what assurance has the commission that the Department of ustice may not take a different view and proceed against these combinations under the provisions of the Sherman Antitrust Act?', Senator Pomerene answered: 'It might do that.' 55 Cong.Rec. 2788. H.Rep.No.1118, 64th Cong., 1st Sess., p. 3; S.Rep.No.1056, 64th Cong., 2d Sess., pp. 3-4. See also H.Rep.No.50, 65th Cong., 1st Sess., pp. 1, 3; S.Rep.No.109, 65th Cong., 1st Sess., pp. 3-4; Federal Trade Commission, Report on Cooperation in American Export Trade, (1916) Vol. 1, p. 376, et seq. Senator Pomerene said, 56 Cong.Rec. 173: 'It (the bill) does not repeal, it does not affect the Sherman Law so far as it applies to domestic commerce. It strengthens the Sherman law and the Federal Trade Commission law, in so far as unfair practices are concerned, beyond territorial limits.' And he also said: 'this bill does not repeal the Sherman law', and that associations not remaining within the immunity granted by § 2 'violate the law of the land.' (p. 172.) He said further that such an association 'would be subject to the jurisdiction of the authorities of this country, including both the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice.' (p. 170.) Congressman Webb, in discussing the amendment to § 5, said that the language of the provisions of § 2 'is a perfect preservation of the Sherman law in all of its virility within the confines of this country', 56 Cong.Rec. 4724, and that associations straying beyond the confines of their immunity 'are liable both under the Federal Trade Commission law and the Sherman antitrust law.' 55 Cong.Rec. 3579.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2616
__label__cc	0.541993	0.458007	Thanks to Humans The ‘wilderness’ No Longer Exists, Can We Turn Things Around? Apr 20, 2019 Doug Williams Are We Facing A Doomed Planet? Is It Truly Inevitable? It’s hard to manage all the doomsday scenarios that hurl their way toward us on a daily basis; political nightmares around the globe, for example, and the dire predictions scientists make about the fate of our planet if we don’t act. These and other matters are virtually screamed about in traditional and digital media around the world, all saying that this disaster or that unhinged president have imperilled us to a point of no return. But have they, really? Have we finally reached the point of no return? Natives had struck a balance with nature, one in which their people thrived without laying waste to the land. A brief scan of our history reveals that man’s avaricious appetites for land and money, and control of all wild things date back to the Bible. In Genesis, we are exhorted to “replenish the earth and subdue it.” It goes on to command that man “take dominion” over all creatures,m and the earth itself. When white settlers arrived in Australia and North America, that’s precisely what they did, steamrolling everything and everyone in their path, including the Indigenous peoples. Native people followed a natural cycle of farming But if settlers had paid attention to how Indigenous people lived, rather than forcing them to sign treaties and herding them onto reservations, white settlers could have learned a few things. Native people followed a natural cycle of farming that included setting fire to the land, to promote certain species and plants, while discouraging others. Indigenous people followed this cycle of farming for thousands of years, but it was not a method adopted by white settlers; they rejected it out of hand and imposed their own systems. If we had, however, paid attention to Indigenous history and learned from it, perhaps we wouldn’t be in the environmental mess we find ourselves in today across the world. They had struck a balance with nature, one in which their people thrived without laying waste to the land. Benjamin Hawkins, seen here on his plantation, teaches Creek Native Americans how to use European technology. It’s not possible to return to precolonial days; that is only a fantasy eco-terrorists cling to. But our society and culture must ask itself some fundamental questions, like whether we simply accept these dire consequences of a capitalist culture. If we choose to not accept the most devastating outcomes of the capitalist structures we have built, perhaps we can use recent innovations in science and technology to help us find solutions. But many of the world’s great thinkers believe we have passed that invisible line in the sand, the one at which there is no hope for a future past, perhaps, 2040 or 2060. T he renowned neurologist Dr. Oliver Sacks, wrote in the New Yorker magazine, in its Feb. 11 edition in 2009, that “…If one feels, as I do now, that the very culture in which one was nourished, and to which one has given one’s support, is itself threatened…I have, as many of us must have, deep fears about the well-being and even survival of our world.” Sacks goes on in his essay, entitled “The Machine Stops,” that he (and other great thinkers, like Pope Francis) feel “a deep consideration not only of human-induced climate change and widespread ecological disaster, but of the desperate state of the poor and the misuse of technology.” Can any individual’s measures – recycling paper, refusing to buy plastic straws, not using single-serve items for coffee and other products – can these measures genuinely help? If the world’s great philosophers, medical experts, scientists and researchers espouse profoundly gloomy predictions for the planet, it is difficult to avoid being overcome by despair and throw up one’s hands, metaphorically speaking. What can we do, as individuals, to forestall these disasters? Can any individual’s measures – recycling paper, refusing to buy plastic straws, not using single-serve items for coffee and other products – can these measures genuinely help? We cannot know, because we cannot see into 2050 or 2060 and assess the state of the world. All we can do is our part, and hope that no matter how small these measures seem to us as individuals, taken collectively they make an enormous difference to the fate of the planet. All we can do is our part, and hope that no matter how small these measures seem to us as individuals, taken collectively they make an enormous difference to the fate of the planet. We must do it for all of us, for our children and grandchildren, so they might inherit an earth that is sustainable, plentiful and beautiful.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2617
__label__wiki	0.84672	0.84672	Wicked Theatre Breaks Apollo Victoria Theatre Seat Plan 17 Wilton Road, London, SW1V 1LG Nearest Tube: Victoria Tube Lines: District, Circle, Victoria The theatre can be seen opposite the station. Railway Station: Victoria Bus Numbers: (Victoria Station) 2, 16, 36, 38, 73, 82, 170, 507, C2, C10; (Wilton Road) 24, 52, 185, 436; (Victoria Street) 44, 148, C1 Night Bus Numbers: (Victoria Station) 36, C2, N38, N73, N136 ; (Wilton Road) 24, N2, N16, N52; (Victoria Street) 148, N44 Car Park: Semley Place (10mins) Recommended for ages 7+, children under 4 will not be admitted. Children under 16 years of age must be accompanied by adult during the performance. The producers cannot guarantee the appearance of any particular artist, which is always subject to illness and holidays. Circle row A Restricted View warning - Balcony wall (row A). It is recommended that these seats are for customers who are 5’8” (173cm) or taller but are suitable for most adults. “The gravity-defying Wizard of Oz prequel” (Time Out London) is already the 15th longest running show in West End’s theatre history and now in its 12th year at London’s Apollo Victoria Theatre where the “hugely popular show” (The Times) has now been seen by over 8.5 million theatregoers. Around the world, WICKED has now been seen by over 53 million people in 16 countries, and won over 100 major awards. Based on the acclaimed, best-selling novel by Gregory Maguire that ingeniously re-imagines the stories and characters created by L. Frank Baum in ‘The Wonderful Wizard of Oz’, WICKED tells the incredible untold story of an unlikely but profound friendship between two sorcery students. Their extraordinary adventures in Oz will ultimately see them fulfil their destinies as Glinda The Good and the Wicked Witch of the West.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2632
__label__cc	0.543893	0.456107	Timescapes Museum of the City of New York We've remastered one of our seminal first projects, an immersive film about the history of NYC. Timescapes is more of a piece of interactive theater than filmmaking, mixing narration, cartography, and photography into an engrossing 22-minute multimedia experience. The documentary traces the growth of New York City from a settlement of a few hundred Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans to its present status as one of the world’s great cities. James Sanders & Associates, NowArchival, Videosonic, New City Video & Staging, Underground Audio Created by Jake Barton of Local Projects and James Sanders, co-writer of the PBS series New York: A Documentary History, and narrated by actor Stanley Tucci, the film features animated maps and archival photographs, prints, and paintings from the Museum’s collections. For those unfamiliar with the city's history, the narration and video give a higher level of information and narrative. Additionally, the maps offer a wealth of detail and correlation that even the most seasoned New York City Historian can learn from. New Yorkers Become Extras for Museum of the City's New Game Read at DNA Info What Made New York New York? Henry Hudson, George Washington and a Silver Subway Shovel Read at The New York Times Keeping the World in Motion A Museum of Collective Memory National September 11 Memorial & Museum Dreams of Freedom National Museum of American Jewish History	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2633
__label__wiki	0.855351	0.855351	Posts Tagged ‘San Diego Chamber of Commerce’ USS SAN DIEGO: The Unbeatable Ship That Nobody Ever Heard Of by Fred Whitmore Few knew of her during World War II, and few know of her even today: a ship named for the city of San Diego. The light antiaircraft cruiser USS SAN DIEGO (CL 53) received the honor of being the first victorious American warship to enter Tokyo Bay. A former crewman, Bill Butcher, gunners mate second class, wonders about the SAN DIEGO and her place in history books. He recently wrote, “…Nothing ever happened to us that was ‘headline news’ until we were the first major Allied warship to enter Tokyo Bay. We were straddled by bombs, dodged torpedoes and (were) attacked by suicide planes that missed. We never lost a man in combat, never surrendered to the enemy, and earned eighteen battle stars while steaming 300,000 miles without a major overhaul.” (Butcher now lives in Massachusetts and is petitioning Congress and the Postal Service to put the SAN DIEGO on a commemorative postage stamp.) John Supino, seaman first class, was assigned to a specialized damage control party whose duties were to make repairs when the ship got hit. Supino maintains that since the ship never got hit, the damage control people virtually had a pleasure cruise. (Supino. who entered the Navy from Everett, Massachusetts, still lives at the same address.) World War II went out with two stupendous, thundering booms in August, 1945. The atomic bombs brought the Japanese to the peace table. On August 15 Japan gave up, and everything changed. Only a few months earlier, everyone believed that to end the war, Japan would have to be invaded at a cost of a million lives or more. Now the ship’s crew suddenly realized the end of the war was at hand, and got to wondering about going to Tokyo. It turned out that a little delay going home via Tokyo was quite acceptable, especially when they were being honored to act as flagship as well as the first ship to dock in Japan. That would fulfill a promise made back in Boston in January 1942, “that she wouldn’t stop until she dropped her hook in Tokyo Bay.” On August 12, Admiral William “Bull” Halsey, colorful commander of the huge United States Third Fleet, sent a message to a light cruiser, the USS SAN DIEGO (CL 53), as follows: “SAN DIEGO designated as flagship for Commander Task Force 31, and thus in the center of all activity. Seeing an imminent end of combat, Halsey handpicked the SAN DIEGO to be the first major warship to enter Tokyo Bay once the enemy surrendered unconditionally. That event happened two days later, on August 14, signaling the end to the long and vicious fighting that started with the Japanese sneak attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941. The crew of the SAN DIEGO felt that they had rightfully earned the honor with a remarkable wartime record. She’d won 18 battle stars. She took part in 34 major battle actions; steamed an incredible 300,000 miles at sea with only short stops at such out-of-the-way places as Majuro, Eniwetok and Ulithi atolls; and never took a direct hit or lost a man in combat from the day she was commissioned in January’ 1942. Bob Alderson, yeoman third class, attributed the success of the SAN DIEGO to his shipmates. He said, “I think it was the accuracy of our aim. The more our ship was in battle, the greater our chances of survival because we knew what we were doing. We had complete confidence and good skippers.” Then there was the design of SAN DIEGO, which made life a nightmare for the enemy aviators. As one officer observed, “When seven turrets with fourteen five-inch guns were all firing at the enemy, it looked like the ship itself was on fire.” A rather crusty Rear Admiral Oscar Badger had been selected by Admiral Halsey to be Commander Task Force 31 on the SAN DIEGO. The accompanying minesweepers, destroyers, seaplane tenders, and high-speed transport making up Task Force 31 had also compiled exceptional combat records. The task force headed into the narrow but heavily fortified entrance to Tokyo Bay after taking some Japanese navigational pilots aboard. Heeding Admiral Halsey’s warning “to be vigilant in light of the enemy’s reputation for treachery,” all ships stayed at General Quarters, manning; their battle stations while en route to their anchorage in the Bay just outside the Yokosuka Naval Shipyard. The previous day, Rear Admiral Badger had given Lieutenant Junior Grade Will Templeton, the SAN DIEGO Officer-of-the-Deck (OOD), a sample of his personality. A Japanese tug with thirteen military personnel waiting to board the ship was standing off some distance away. When Templeton asked the admiral what signal he should send the tug, the Admiral barked that when he was ready, he would say what he wanted to do. “Yes sir!” said Templeton, who now lives in Oceanside, CA. Rear Admiral Badger had a mean look and a nasty disposition when encountering those Japanese. Rear Admiral Robert B. Carney was scheduled to take command of Yokosuka Naval Shipyard the next morning after the SAN DIEGO had moved from her anchorage to a dock in the Shipyard at 1000 (10 a.m.). By then a coxswain and sideboys piped aboard and saluted Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz, Admiral Halsey and a bevy of V.I.P. admirals, generals and civilians, plus about 20 press and radio people. The radio group set up on the bridge for a direct broadcast to the USA. Gun captain and coxswain Earl Burton said, “It was the damnedest day I ever spent on this ship, with more gold and silver aboard than any ship has ever had at one time. During all this, I had the Bos’n Side Boy watch and piped nearly all the big boys either aboard or over the side. I was glad when the sun set. Almost everybody aboard has all sorts of souvenirs.” Burton now lives in Endwell, N.Y. Soon after Admiral Halsey came aboard, he decided he needed a haircut. With little ceremony, the Admiral was escorted down to the ship’s barber, Harry Mcllvaine, a young seaman first class, who easily clipped the Admiral. When Admiral Halsey was finished, he wanted to tip the barber, who said,” No thanks, but I sure would like one of your cigars.” The admiral gladly gave him one, the start of one more true sea story. After the SAN DIEGO completed her historic mooring to mainland Japan, Admiral Badger decided he needed seven staff cars, so he summoned a Marine orderly. He bellowed to the Marine to go get seven staff cars. The bewildered orderly departed the ship with seven Marines following. They disappeared over a small hill nearby. Soon seven Japanese cars paraded up the dock. The Admiral smiled. The Marines had found a busy street right over the hill and simply went out and stopped traffic, commandeering seven decent cars.” (Yeoman third class Bob Alderson, who was the Captain’s yeoman, was witness to the show. He is retired in San Diego.) This and other incredible events capped the exceptional career of an exceptional ship and her crew. The saga of the SAN DIEGO dates back to 1938 when President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a large appropriations bill to build new warships. The President believed what few did then, that Adolph Hitler was building a powerful armed force preparing to go to war against the Atlantic alliance, a conflict we could not avoid. A strong contingent of energetic San Diegans went to Washington to support rebuilding the Navy, and to persuade the President to name a new cruiser after the city of San Diego. They were successful. The keel was laid in March, 1940, for the new cruiser USS SAN DIEGO (CL 53) at the Bethlehem Steel Shipyard in Quincy, Massachusetts. She was the third of eight of a new design that came to be known as the Atlanta Class, essentially constructed to produce heavy anti-aircraft fire from eight twin five inch 38 caliber gun mounts, along with many secondary machine guns. She had a three and a half-inch armor belt, with two inches of deck armor. The three tiered mounts forward and aft gave her a beautiful silhouette. In July, 1941, the San Diego sponsoring group went to Quincy to take part in the christening and launching festivities. Mrs. Grace Benbough, wife of Mayor Percy Benbough, splashed the champagne for the launching. San Diego Chamber of Commerce members and other dignitaries attended. The ship fitted out at the Boston Navy Yard, and about a month after Pearl Harbor the SAN DIEGO was commissioned on January 10, 1942. It was snowing, and the weather was cold and miserable, perhaps a portent of the tough year ahead. A nucleus crew of officers and senior crewmen had been assigned months prior to the completion of the ship. The full complement of 650 men arrived on commissioning day, consisting largely of graduate recruits from boot camp and reserve officers, to supplement the experienced regular Navy petty officers and Naval Academy-trained officers. The ship’s Commanding Officer, Captain Benjamin Franklin Perry, commendably was a man of few but measured words. In the subzero temperature and eight inches of snow, Captain Perry said, “This ship will be an honor to the city of San Diego. The time for talk is over; let’s get going.” The executive officer was Commander Timothy O’Brien, who later made admiral. The new light cruiser was 541 feet in length with a beam of 53 ft. Her full load displacement was 7,500 tons. She was destined to build a formidable record and set a high example for her seven sister ships. SAN DIEGO went through a condensed shakedown and training period in the Portland, Maine, area. She then headed for the Panama Canal, en route to her namesake city for special training before heading, out to the Pacific combat zone. From day one of the War, a cloak of secrecy surrounded all ship and personnel movements. Nearly everyone in the city of San Diego was unaware that her namesake had arrived in port on May 17, 1942. While the training exercises continued until the end of May, the crew took every opportunity for liberty when in port. One anonymous young fireman from the engineering department went on a royal “toot”. At length, he encountered a local policeman who noticed his instability. As the hour was late the policeman asked, “Where are you from, sailor?” The sailor: “SAN DIEGO.” Policeman: “What part of San Diego?” Sailor: “The forward boiler room.” The policeman led the sailor off to the drying-out tank, having never heard of a ship with that name. The ship’s disbursing officer (paymaster), Ensign Len Shea, had handled millions of dollars with great integrity throughout his regular Navy career. But finding himself a bit shy on funds while ashore on liberty, he sauntered into a bank to cash a check. His uniform said he was in the Navy but when the cautious teller asked what ship he was on Ensign Shea stalled a bit before finally revealing the name “SAN DIEGO.” The teller rather sourly said, “Get outa here! There’s no ship named SAN DIEGO.” (The former paymaster retired as captain, and lives in Coronado.) Two weeks later, on June 1, 1942, the ship departed San Diego. (It would be 41 months before the city and the USS SAN DIEGO would get together again, and that for a huge postwar victory jamboree.) The ship escorted the SARATOGA, a large carrier, to Pearl Harbor. Further training, exercises over four weeks brought the feeling of war closer, until in mid-August the SAN DIEGO got underway as part of Task Force 17 escorting carriers and tankers to the battle area in the southwest Pacific. She arrived a week after the tragic Battle of Savo Island. For 41 days the ship was at sea supporting the Marines’ invasion of Guadalcanal. Fierce fighting called for periodic reinforcements for both the Marines and the Japanese. While on patrol off Guadalcanal, the ship’s crew saw the carrier WASP sunk by torpedoes from a Japanese submarine, which also damaged the destroyer O’BRIEN and the battleship NORTH CAROLINA. Toward the end of September, Task Force 17, headed up by Rear Admiral George D. Murray, sailed into Noumea, New Caledonia. After provisioning in four days, they set out to sea for what proved to be the first action of the War for the SAN DIEGO. A raid on enemy islands Buin and Faisi earned the ship her first battle star. At the end of October came the Battle of Santa Cruz Island, considered by the crew as the first major action of their careers. American naval forces were beginning to threaten Japan’s control of the sea and the air around Guadalcanal, in the Solomon Islands. The enemy mounted a large force of carriers and heavy ships to wipe out the threat. The SAN DIEGO was stationed to protect the port side of the valiant USS HORNET which had been bombed and torpedoed on the starboard side. The carrier could not be saved, but the SAN DIEGO took off 200 survivors. Her five-inch guns were credited with bringing down three planes. Gunner’s mate Tom Kane, manning a 20 millimeter machine gun on the aft end of the ship, shot down a torpedo plane directly astern. The gunnery officer, Lieutenant Commander Brooke Schunim, witnessed and confirmed the kill. (For 30 years after the war, Kane was a writer for actor John Wayne.) The enemy, failing to unload a large contingent of infantry reinforcements, suffered three damaged cruisers, a wounded battleship and 123 planes knocked down, and then withdrew from the fray as did the enemy troop ships. The SAN DIEGO survived without casualties or real damage, and won its second battle star. Santa Cruz was decisive because the expansion of Japan’s power was stopped cold by a US force whose warships were outnumbered 46 enemy ships to 33 of ours. Nearly everyone on board the SAN DIEGO remembers well the days their task force spent near Guadalcanal at night. An enemy twin-engined plane, nicknamed “Washing Machine Charley,” flew over nearly every night. His engines were out of synchronization, and made a loud, annoying noise, enough to keep everyone awake. He’d drop a few bombs but never hit anyone. Many of the crew recalled tying up alongside anchored sister ship SAN JUAN, in one of several atolls. In the evening, while awaiting movies on the fantail, a potato fight would break out between ships, amid hearty insults flying back and forth. That would bring some officers roaring back to the fantail to halt “the disrespectful treatment of Navy food.” Entertainment was difficult to come by. November 1942 found the enemy making a last desperate attempt to reinforce their beleaguered troops and regain control of the Island and Henderson Field. At the conclusion of the decisive Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, all 11 Japanese troop ships involved were destroyed – either sunk or beached – with an estimated 24,000 personnel losses. This time the SAN DIEGO was with the carrier ENTERPRISE, whose planes helped demolish the reinforcement effort. The action earned the light cruiser another battle star. Early in February 1943, the Japanese frantically sent 20 destroyers at high speed “down the Slot” to Guadalcanal. It appeared to be still another reinforcement action, but was, in fact, a clever evacuation of 11,000 enemy troops, which Admiral Nimitz praised. That ended the Guadalcanal stalemate. From then on, the American forces took the offensive that led to Tokyo, as a relentless flow of new ships and planes established superiority over a weakening enemy. The SAN DIEGO survived the darkest days, fighting in nearly every battle to finally turn the tide. Over the next six months or so, the SAN DIEGO operated in and around Espiritu Santo and Noumea, either on patrol or on exercises, with one large interlude. On March 14, the ship got underway bright and early. At 0600, Captain Perry announced over the public address system that “this ship is underway for Auckland, New Zealand, for about a 12-day stay. We will steam at 26 knots.” It was an electrifying message. New Zealand was a dream place for liberty, dining and friendliness. Auckland was magnificent, as were such treats as fresh milk, fresh vegetables and excellent waitress service. (Americans tipped handsomely, contrary to Kiwi practices). The crew favored the nightlife at the Peter Pan Ballroom, especially the New Zealand girls from 15 to 50 who mobbed the place. During their stay, a special national holiday festival was held to honor the Maori natives. Prime Minister Peter Fraser and the King and Queen of the Maori tribe attended. Seventy-five sailors from the ship were invited. Some hostesses were present, but most of the sailors arranged their own dates. What a highlight! On March 19, Captain Perry was relieved of command by Captain J. L. Hudson. Under the firm leadership of Captain Perry, SAN DIEGO had established a solid reputation for being dependable and always ready to go. He’d fashioned a fine ship while earning the first four of eighteen battle stars. Except for 30 days from the end of June, when the SAN DIEGO joined Task Force 14 to provide support for the successful invasion of Munda, a British protectorate in the Solomon Islands, the ship sailed mostly in and around New Hebrides and New Caledonia. Bill Butcher, a gunner’s mate second class, recalled that before arriving in New Hebrides someone removed some water from a flask on a life raft and replaced it with some raisins. With the normal motions of the ship at sea, the flask got quite a shaking, so much so that when the ship entered port in New Hebrides, it blew up. Since there were many mines in those waters, some sailors celebrated, thinking the ship had taken a hit, and would be heading home. Starting in November, SAN DIEGO and her “playmates” were assigned to the Central Pacific theater, joining the Third Fleet, which became the Fifth Fleet by a flick of the numbers. Many new ships were steadily arriving and the task forces were burgeoning into powerful groups. In November, the SAN DIEGO participated in two raids on the Japanese strong -hold base of Rabaul (another battle star) followed by the invasion and capture of the Gilbert Islands (still another battle star). With her sister ship SAN JUAN, SAN DIEGO was dispatched to Mare Island in December for more extensive yard work. The weather en route was pretty rough. Cliff Rayl, seaman first class, (now retired in California) was assigned a bunk directly below five inch twin gun mount number eight. While the ship tossed about in the rough seas, he and four shipmates were enjoying a friendly poker game. For a card table they were using the closed hatch to the ammunition magazine below; the hatch to the gun mount above was open for ventilation. On one bad roll, a five-inch shell broke loose, and fell down the hatch. It landed on their “card table” with a live nose fuse. An alert sailor picked up the shell, rushed it topside and threw it overboard. That wasn’t the end to their troubles. Two new four-bladed propellers that had been welded and chained to the deck for transit to the States started to come loose in heavy seas. In the dark of night, deck hands were summoned topside to secure them. The decks were awash. Coxswain George Horton was hit by a wave coming over the port side that carried him through the lifelines. Just as it looked like he was a “goner” he was able to grab the middle guard line, when another wave washed him back on board. In November came the gigantic typhoon that was the most violent anyone had encountered. The wind speed rose rapidly to over 100 mph. SAN DIEGO took rolls of 37 degrees then 45 degrees, then 50 degrees. A huge wave came over her amidships, tore the #1 motor whaleboat off the davits and sent it reeling into the superstructure, smashing it in two. Three men were injured when five-inch ammunition came loose and bashed them. Over 120 planes on board the carriers were wrecked by the fierce storm. Three destroyers capsized, they had been light on fuel and hadn’t sufficient ballast. A dozen other ships were damaged. It took four days for this worst of typhoons to fade, and was the most frightening, vicious storm in memory. About mid-December Lieutenant Commander Joe Eliot, the gunnery officer, put out a special notice about a threat worse than typhoons – kamikaze attacks.”‘ More and more, the Japanese kamikaze tactic was seen as the last possible hope for Japan’s badly decimated air arm. These suicide missions caused tremendous damage to over one-hundred ships. The gunnery officer set about training gun crews to fire the guns manually, in case all electrical power was lost. It wasn’t much fun. But it paid off. The Third Fleet became the Fifth Fleet in the first part of February, 1945 as the same ships in the same groups took off to support the invasion of Iwo Jima. As March came in, the SAN DIEGO joined Rear Admiral F. E. M. Whiting with VINCENNES (CA 44), MIAMI (CL 89) and Destroyer Squadron 61 for a shore bombardment of Okino Daito (or Borodino) Island, 195 miles east of Okinawa. The force made three firing runs on a reported enemy radar station there. In mid-March, and for the next two months, life for the SAN DIEGO crew was an endless schedule of sorties to support invasion landings in the Okinawa area. The one important diversion involved towing and escorting the USS HAGGARD (DD 555), a destroyer that was terribly damaged by a kamikaze. The SAN DIEGO took off 31 of the badly wounded while en route to Kerama Retto, a protected island repair base off Okinawa. The crew turned from fighting to tending the sick, giving up their bunks to the seriously wounded. They provided food, candy, ice cream; new uniforms and comfort. A few days later, the survivors were transferred to a hospital ship, and the SAN DIEGO rejoined its formation. At the end of May, another switch in fleet numbers put everyone back in the Third Fleet, in support of the Okinawa campaign. Admiral Halsey commanded the Third Fleet, Admiral Spruance the Fifth. For two days at the end of June, the ship was dry docked in the Philippines for minor repairs, a routine inspection of her bottom, and rest for the crew. In mid-July, SAN DIEGO skipper Captain William Mullan passed word to the crew that the ship would be going back to the States for a yard availability, or maintenance period, in mid-August. The crew exploded with joy. At the end of three years in the combat zone without a full overhaul, the ship and crew deserved a little relief. However, it was not to be: such are the Navy’s ways. The U.S. forces began massive and incessant B-29 bombing attacks and shore bombardment of the Japanese seacoasts by powerful naval forces -aggressive preparations for the invasion of Japan. SAN DIEGO was ordered back to operate with the Third Fleet through July into early August, when Admiral Halsey sent all fleet units to rendezvous 200 miles east of Tokyo. But two atomic bomb blasts virtually ended the War, and the Japanese finally surrendered unconditionally in mid-August. The climax of SAN DIEGO‘s war career was her selection to be flagship of Task Force 31. With her dramatic entry into Tokyo Bay, the United States accepted the surrender of the giant Yokosuka Naval Shipyard. The ship had been winning battle stars right up until September 2, when, weary of the great long battle, she headed for home, having thereby earned the Japanese Occupation Medal as well. On the last of the three days they were docked in the Yokosuka Naval Shipyard, all of the SAN DIEGO‘s crew were allowed to set foot in Japan. One clever sailor put it, “It was like thirty seconds over Yokosuka,” but everyone was proud to be number one. On September 1, they pulled away from the dock to anchor a short distance offshore, where they took aboard 250 officers and men as passengers. They were fully qualified for discharge and were eligible to go home. The following, morning, SAN DIEGO pulled her hook out of the Tokyo Bay mud and steamed out at 27 knots on a direct course for home – San Francisco. That same day, the formal surrender by Japan took place aboard the USS MISSOURI, as 258 allied ships filled the bay to celebrate their victory. From the SAN DIEGO‘s cruise book: “Anchoring in Tokyo Bay will be remembered for two things. We saw a real setting sun over Fujiyama, and we had movies on the fantail. If we needed any last assurance that the war was over that was it.” San Francisco gave a giant welcome to the decorated ship passing under the Golden Gate upon arrival in the USA. The city of San Diego then invited the USS SAN DIEGO to a much larger celebration on Navy Day, October 27th, the most extravagant bash the city ever hosted. Chief electrician’s mate Mike Lawless, of the Navy Veterans Association, composed this tribute; “Of all the ships and all the crews I served with the U.S.S. San Diego, CL-53 and crew has a special place in my heart. It always has and always will be my favorite ship and crew. The day I left the San Diego CL-53, I walked from the gangway to the bow with my seabag slung over my shoulder, and I said to myself, I am just going to keep walking and not look back. When I was parallel to the bow, I stopped, took a look back at that beautiful ship and said, ‘You carried me all through that war safely and brought me back,’ then I proceeded to cry like a baby.” USS SAN DIEGO was decommissioned and placed in the Bremerton, Washington reserve fleet on November 4, 1946. She was redesignated CLAA-53 (light antiaircraft cruiser) in March 1949, On March 1, 1959, the Navy struck her from the lists and she was scrapped. The SAN DIEGO’S log shows that she has taken part in the following engagements during the war: Engagement Date GUADALCANAL CAPTURE AUG. 31, 1942 To FEB. 8,1943 Buin-Faisi-TONOLAI RAID OCT. 5, 1942 SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS OCT. 26, 1942 GUADALCANAL (Third Salvo) Nov. 12-15, 1942 RENNEL ISLAND JAN. 29-30, 1943 NEW GEORGIA-RENDOVA-VAUGUNU JUNE 27-JULY 23, 1943 BUKA-BONINS STRIKE RABAUL STRIKE RABAUL STRIKE Nov. 1-2, 1943 GILBERT ISLANDS OCCUPATION Nov. 24-29, 1943 KWAJELEIN-WOTJE KWAJELEIN AND MAJURO OCCUPATION JALUIT ATOLL ATTACK DEC. 4, 1943 JAN 29 To FEB. 4, 1943 TRUK ATTACK FEB. 16-17, 1944 SAIPAN-PAGAN ATTACKS BONINS RAID IWO JIMA ATTACKS SAIPAN OCCUPATION GUAM OCCUPATION TINIAN OCCUPATION PHILIPPINE SEA BATTLE JUNE 11-13, 1944 JUNE 19 To AUG. 10, 1944 SOUTHERN PALAU ISLANDS PHILIPPINE ISLANDS ASSAULTS SEPT. 6 TO OCT. 14, 1944 SEPT. 9-24, 1944 OKINAWA ATTACK NORTHERN LUZON, FORMOSA ATTACKS LUZON ATTACKS VISAYAS ATTACKS LUZON ATTACKS OCT. 10, 1944 OCT. 20-21 AND Nov. 11, 1944 Nov. 20 AND DEC. 14-16, 1944 FORMOSA ATTACKS CHINA COAST ATTACKS NANSEI SHOTO ATTACKS JAN. 3-4, 1945 JAN. 12, 16, 1945 IWO JIMA FEB. I5 TO MARCH 16, 1945 OKINAWA ASSAULT AND OCCUPATION MARCH 17 TO JUNE 11, 1945 (Note: Add Tokyo strikes and Tokyo occupation as they are announced or awarded as stars.) -Indicates engagements for which stars have been awarded. (Also Philippine liberation, 2 stars) Tags:1941, 1942, Admiral Spruance, Admiral William "Bull" Halsey, Adolph Hitler, Allied, allied ships, America, Americans, Atlanta Class, Atlantic alliance, atomic bomb, Auckland, August 1945, B-29, battle action, Battle of Santa Cruz Island, Battle of Savo Island, battle stars, battle stations, Bethlehem Steel Shipyard, Bill Butcher, Bob Alderson, Borodino Island, Boston, Boston Navy Yard, Bremerton, Brooke Schunim, Buin, California, candy, Captain, Captain Benjamin Franklin Perry, Captain J. L. Hudson, Captain William Mullan, Central Pacific theater, champagne, Chief electrician's mate, China, CL 53, Cliff Rayl, combat, commander, Commander Task Force 31, Commander Timothy O'Brien, Commanding Officer, Congress, coxswain, December 7, Destroyer Squadron 61, destroyers, disbursing officer, Earl Burton, Endwell, enemy, Eniwetok, Ensign Len Shea, Espiritu Santo, executive officer, F. E. M. Whiting, Faisi, faith, FDR, Fifth Fleet, flagship, Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz, food, FORMOSA, Fred Whitmore, freedom, Fujiyama, General Quarters, George Horton, Gilbert Islands, God, Golden Gate, Grace Benbough, Guadalcanal, GUAM, Gunner's mate, gunners mate second class, gunnery officer, Harry McIlvaine, Henderson Field, Heroes, Hiroshima, hospital ship, ice cream, Iwo Jima.Rear Admiral, January 10, Japan, Japanese Occupation Medal, Joe Eliot, John Supino, John Wayne, kamikaze, Kerama Retto, KWAJELEIN, Lieutenant Commander, Lieutenant Junior Grade Will Templeton, light cruiser, LUZON, machine guns, Maine, Majuro, Maori natives, Maori tribe, Mare Island, Marine, Marines, Massachusetts, Mayor Percy Benbough, Mike Lawless, Military, minesweepers, Munda, N.Y., Nagasaki, Naval Academy, Navy Day, Navy Veterans Association, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, New Zealand, Noumea, Oceanside, Okinawa, Okino Daito, PALAU, Panama Canal, Patriots, paymaster, Pearl Harbor, Peter Pan Ballroom, petty officers, Philippines, Portland, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Peter Fraser, Quincy, Rabaul, Rear Admiral George D. Murray, Rear Admiral Oscar Badger, Rear Admiral Robert B. Carney, SAIPAN-PAGAN, San Diego, San Diego Chamber of Commerce, San Francisco, SARATOGA, seaman first class, seaplane tenders, Solomon Islands, submarine, suicide missions, survivors, Task Force 14, Task Force 17, Third Fleet, Tokyo, Tokyo Bay, Tom Kane, torpedo plane, torpedoes, treachery, TRUK, typhoon, Ulithi atoll, United States Third Fleet, US Marines, USS ENTERPRISE, USS HAGGARD, USS HORNET, USS MIAMI, USS MISSOURI, USS NORTH CAROLINA, USS O'BRIEN, USS SAN DIEGO, USS SAN JUAN, USS SARATOGA, USS VINCENNES, USS WASP, war, warship, Washing Machine Charley, Washington, Washington DC, World War II, WW II, yeoman third class, Yokosuka Naval Shipyard Posted in Military \| 5 Comments »	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2634
__label__wiki	0.798062	0.798062	Chief Happiness Officers Could End Up Making Employees Miserable Image: Getty Creative, Andy Ryan Josh Kovensky for The New Republic 2014-07-24 15:45:43 UTC Follow @tnr Happiness isn’t something you find, or work toward — it’s something you buy and have delivered. Or at least that’s the premise of one of the newest jobs over in the C-suite. Now, alongside the CEO, CFO and their ilk, we have the CHO, or chief happiness officer. As the name clearly suggests, the CHO is responsible for the contentment of individual employees, sort of like an HR manager, but on steroids; the theory goes that happy workers are productive workers, so happiness turns out to be in the company’s best interest. Perhaps unsurprisingly, many CHOs reside in Silicon Valley — both at startups and more blue chip tech companies. But it’s starting to spread: Southern restaurant company Hopjacks created the position in 2012, and the Quality of Life Foundation, an education nonprofit, created one in 2010. On a day-to-day basis, CHOs busy themselves with diagnosing the emotional well-being of their workers, as well as adjusting workplace policy and culture in order to create the conditions for happiness. This can involve distributing surveys that measure contentment, leading workshops on everything from communication skills to mindfulness meditation and generally diagnosing the office atmosphere. The job can also mean out-of-office activities — or, in the case of Hopjacks, a “Serial Killer Secret-Santa Weapon-Exchange” (an event, according to CHO Jarod Kelly, “where all of us blindly ordered each other [weapons] gifts from www.budk.com”). The CHO’s rise may have begun with Chade-Meng Tan. Meng is Google’s chief happiness officer equivalent, officially known as the Jolly Good Fellow. According to his self-made job description, his goal is to “enlighten minds, open hearts, create world peace.” He began at Google soon after the company was born, and spent eight years in the engineering department, before switching to the company’s “People Development Team” in the mid-2000s. Meng was inspired to work happiness into Google after encountering studies on the 65-year-old brain of a Buddhist monk named Mathieu Ricard. Ricard, after earning a doctorate in molecular genetics, turned his back on science and became a Buddhist monk in 1972, with the aim of exploring happiness through meditation. In a 2010 TED talk, Meng explains that Ricard “is the happiest man in the world,” based on brain activity in the left prefrontal cortex. Whether or not measuring happiness in an MRI machine holds water is beside the point — Meng liked what he saw and aimed to spread Ricard’s cognitive tendencies throughout the Google community. Google’s involvement in worker happiness set off something of a trend, with Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh releasing a book in 2010 called Delivering Happiness. The book, which covers strategies to increase happiness in corporate culture, was a New York Times best-seller and spawned a consulting firm of the same name, devoted to, well, delivering happiness to companies around the world. Delivering Happiness, according to CEO and CHO Jenn Lim, devotes its time to measuring the contentment of clients and to laboring to improve their working conditions. So how exactly does one create joy? “We take a snapshot of all the employees and basically identify their happiness levels,” Lim says. “And using [the Happy Business Index], we can see, what are the key points of unhappiness?” (The Happy Business Index is a survey based off of “well-being researcher” Nic Marks’s Happy Planet Index, and scores how motivated and engaged employees feel in their workplace.) In an interview, Lim also explained that they look out for “how empowered employees feel, how much progress they feel they’re making, how connected and aligned they feel with the company.” “Basically we’re able to derive actionable things that we recommend companies work on. I think of us as kind of a heart monitor,” Lim noted. CHOs not only monitor, but also calculate. Beyond the Happiness Business Index, the company uses a “happiness calculator,” which is featured on its website and does little except tabulate how much money you stand to earn if you carry out a “happiness at work survey” (created by Delivering Happiness, of course). Since 2010, with the publication of Delivering Happiness, the job of CHO has been featured prominently in the annals of feel-good corporate advice. Much of the impetus for CHOs stems from fears over declining productivity and the desire to swipe away anything that could rob companies of extra profit. There are studies to back this up: One measured the productivity of workers who had just seen a clip of a comedy routine and found that productivity increased after watching the video. A longitudinal study was also performed, which showed that key events like bereavement and family illness cut into employee productivity. Companies bring CHOs on not so much out of some bizarro competition to become the happiest company on Earth, but to become as productive as possible. So what’s the problem with someone being professionally responsible for your happiness? Nothing on the surface. Good bosses, of course, should promote a positive work environment. Having an officer appointed to direct and proliferate the emotion, though, presents some issues. Besides the eerie similarity between “chief happiness officer” and concepts like “ministry of love” and “war on terror,” it represents an intrusion into our emotional lives that should not be permitted to any kind of authority figure — be it corporate or governmental — regardless of intention. This also comes amid a larger, well-documented trend of privacy being sucked out of our day-to-day lives. The New York Times recently published an article on new forms of surveillance in the workplace, some of which are aimed at stoking employee happiness. For example, companies have begun to implement mandatory 15-minute coffee breaks after research showed that increased social interaction boosted productivity. The article also mentions a “digital Big Brother” whose omnipresence manifests itself in gadgets like ID badges that “monitor the communications behavior of individuals — tone of voice, posture and body language, as well as who spoke to whom for how long.” Kelly, the restaurant chain CHO, even said he has access to “every email account” in the company: “Knowing that an error in handling even a small situation could snowball into an unhappy customer means, I am always on top of emails/notifications.” That brand of surveillance has a level of detail that might do more to increase panic attacks than worker contentment and output. At what level of behavioral analysis do research and monitoring of productivity begin to constitute a violation of privacy? Fortunately, not all CHOs have access to “every company email address.” Walter Chen, founder of tech startup iDoneThis, used to keep a CHO in his executive stable. He defines the position more as a human resources-customer support hybrid position, explaining, “If we called her head of customer support, it would sound really antiseptic. And so it’s part of trying to better frame and articulate what it is that [our] company is about.” Chen’s CHO didn’t have responsibility for company happiness; instead she was meant to “embod[y] the positive aspects of the company culture that you want to cultivate.” So in that version, the CHO becomes a kind of culture officer, devoted to upholding whatever values a company designates as its own. The problem here is whether or not it’s possible to artificially impose such values, or whether adding them only in the interest of profit is a worthy endeavor. Deidre McCloskey, an economist and historian at the University of Illinois at Chicago (who wrote a New Republic cover story in 2012 called “Happyism: The creepy new economics of pleasure”), told me that companies "shouldn’t call themselves value-driven if their only value is maximizing the bottom line.” What’s most problematic about CHOs, though, is that the intense focus on happiness may actually backfire. Upbeat workers might be more productive in certain situations, but it has been noted that people who constantly worry about being happy are in fact miserable. And while “virtue increases the value of the stock,” as McCloskey sardonically pointed out, in a larger sense, it might not be healthy to place happiness as the end-all be-all of our day-to-day lives. Chen’s efforts seem benevolent enough, McCloskey notes: “It’s a positive attempt to build an environment where people are excited about their jobs and making progress everyday toward something that’s important.” But the sincerity of the attempt doesn’t necessarily make it correct: “There’s more than the profit motive in human relations. … I think it’s a fool's errand, to have a happiness officer.” The line between surveillance of our individual tics and that of our internal lives straddles the boundary into personal choice. And while chief happiness officers might honestly have employees’ best interests in mind, the future of work should not be one in which walking into an office means giving up the right to a private life. What Kamala Harris Didn’t Say #ETTU? The Meat Mogul’s Case For Lab-Grown Beef How to Stage a Successful Revolution This article originally published at The New Republic here Topics: Business, business productivity, psychology, Jobs, privacy, Work & Play	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2635
__label__wiki	0.573695	0.573695	Summer movie preview: What to watch if you just want to see the best of the best Image: mashable composite By Angie Han 2017-04-14 14:11:28 UTC All week, we've been running our 2017 summer movie preview. Previously, we shared our funniest, scariest, most action-packed, and most nostalgia-friendly picks. Today, we're wrapping things up with the best of the best: the six films we're most excited to see, period. The best thing about summer movie season is also the worst thing about summer movie season: there's just so much to look forward to, that odds are we probably won't have time to see everything we want. Which is why even on our lengthy to-do list, we've reserved a section for films we'll drop everything to see, no matter what. SEE ALSO: Summer movie preview: What to watch if you're feeling nostalgic Today's picks aren't linked by genre or tone. We've got big films and little ones, movies you've seen plastered all over billboards and ones you've (probably) never heard of. The only thing they all have in common is that we absolutely cannot wait to see them. So without further ado, here's what to watch if you just want to see the best of the best ... … and you admire a good third-act shootout: Free Fire (April 21) The future Captain Marvel gets down and dirty. Image: a24 You know that bloody, brutal, every-man-for-himself shootout at the end of all those action thrillers? In Free Fire, it's basically the whole movie. Brie Larson, Armie Hammer, Sharlto Copley, and Cillian Murphy play just a few of the participants in an illegal arms deal gone sour. Unsurprisingly, the simmering tension quickly boils over into full-on violence. More unexpectedly, the gunfight turns out to be as funny as it is nasty, thanks to crisp and clever dialogue by Amy Jump and Ben Wheatley. ... out of all the superhero pics: Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (May 5) Hands down the cutest superhero in the entire Marvel Cinematic Universe. Image: Marvel Studios 2017 brings us no fewer than six major superhero movies, and three of those land smack dab in the middle of summer. But for our money, the one to watch out for is Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2. We'd follow these a-holes anywhere, especially when their next adventure promises more Baby Groot, more classic rock tunes, and the addition of Kurt Russell as a planet who also happens to be Star-Lord's dad. … and you want to laugh and cry: The Big Sick (June 23) It's a romantic comedy drama. A ... dramromcom? Image: lionsgate Sometimes we want a movie that'll make us belly-laugh. Sometimes we want one that'll make us ugly-cry. Sometimes we're in the mood to swoon over a romance. And every once in a while, we're lucky enough to stumble upon one that promises to do all three. Silicon Valley's Kumail Nanjiani stars in a dramatization of his own true story, in which his now-wife Emily Gordon (played here by Zoe Kazan) fell into a medically induced coma shortly after they started dating. Bring tissues, but also be prepared to laugh 'til your sides hurt. … and musicals are your jam: Baby Driver (June 28) Nope, not a Boss Baby spinoff. Image: sony Baby Driver might look more Fate of the Furious than La La Land, but hear us out. The musicality of this movie is baked right into its premise: Ansel Elgort plays a talented getaway driver who blasts music all day to drown out the ringing in his ears. Through him, we experience an action thriller where gunshots are set to drumbeats, where cars zip along in time to the rhythm, where chases and fistfights are choreographed like dance numbers. Leave it to Hot Fuzz director Edgar Wright to put a fresh spin on two genres at once. … and you adore weird outer-space adventures: Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets (July 21) Rihanna's performance is literally out of this world. Image: stx entertainment The Fifth Element definitely wasn't everyone's cup of tea. But if it was yours, you'll want to keep an eye out for Luc Besson's next outer space adventure, Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets. Dane DeHaan and Cara Delevingne play a pair of special operatives on a mission to save the universe, etc., etc., we've heard it all before. The reason we're excited for this one, though, is that Besson has a knack for weird, quirky details – like Rihanna in a supporting role as a shapeshifting entertainer. That could be worse the price of admission alone. … and you love pitch-black comedy: Ingrid Goes West (August 4) Now that's an Instagram-worthy pic. Image: Neon There's the kind of light social media stalking we all indulge in from time to time, and then there's the kind of extreme social media stalking that sends lives careening off the rails. And if we're being really honest, the line between can get kind of fuzzy in practice. Ingrid Goes West is about a woman who's definitely on the wrong side of that divide, played by Aubrey Plaza fresh off of her awesome terrifying turn in Legion. And don't sleep on O'Shea Jackson Jr. as her landlord, either – Sundance buzz says it's a small role, but a big breakthrough. Catch up on our full summer movie preview. Here's what to watch if ... Monday: ... you're an action connoisseur Tuesday: ... you're in the mood to laugh Wednesday: ... you want to feel a chill down your spine Thursday: ... you're feeling nostalgic Friday: ... you just want to see the best of the best WATCH: The 10 best movies to see in 2017 Topics: baby-driver, Entertainment, Movies, free fire, guardians of the galaxy vol. 2, ingrid goes west, the big sick, valerian and the city of a thousand planets	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2636
__label__cc	0.636123	0.363877	Photo video sharing Review and rate We use cookies to help us deliver our online services. By using our website or by closing this message box, you agree to our use of cookies as described in our Cookie policy. Media \| Okavango Delta & Moremi Game Reserve Botswana Okavango Delta & Moremi Game Reserve Botswana Moremi Game Reserve is a National Park in Botswana. It rests on the eastern side of the Okavango Delta and was named after Chief Moremi of the BaTawana tribe. Moremi was designated as a Game Reserve, and not a National Park, since when it was created. The Giraffe Okavango Delta & Moremi Game Reserve Botswana Moremi by Botswana Tourism Organisation Flights and hotels. Popular international flights.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2639
__label__cc	0.735874	0.264126	< Back to collections by Thomas Dworzak Thomas Dworzak - FRANCE. Paris. 2017. FRANCE. Paris. April 2017. 2017 Presidential Candidates posters in the street of Paris, two days before election day. Emmanuel Macron. FRANCE. Paris. April 2017. 2017 Presidential Candidates posters in the street of Paris, two days before election day. Marine Le Pen. FRANCE. Paris. April 2017. 2017 Presidential Candidates posters in the street of Paris, two days before election day. Benoit Hamon. FRANCE. Paris. April 2017. 2017 Presidential Candidates posters in the street of Paris, two days before election day. FRANCE. Paris. April 2017. 2017 Presidential Candidates posters in the street of Paris, two days before election day. Jean-Luc Mélenchon. FRANCE. Paris. April 2017. 2017 Presidential Candidates posters in the street of Paris, two days before election day. François Fillon. FRANCE. Paris. April 2017. 2017 Presidential Candidates posters in the street of Paris, two days before election day. Philippe Poutou. FRANCE. Paris. April 2017. 2017 Presidential Candidates posters in the street of Paris, two days before election day. Nicolas Dupont Aignan. FRANCE. Paris. April 2017. 2017 Presidential Candidates posters in the street of Paris, two days before election day. François Asselineau. FRANCE. Paris. April 2017. 2017 Presidential Candidates posters in the street of Paris, two days before election day. Jacques Cheminade.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2640
__label__cc	0.567315	0.432685	William G. Kronenberger, PhD Professor of Clinical Psychology William G. Kronenberger, PhD, is Professor, Director of the Section of Psychology, and Executive Vice-Chair of the Department of Psychiatry at Indiana University School of Medicine. He serves as Chief of the Pediatric Psychology Testing Clinic and Co-Chief of the ADHD Clinic at Riley Hospital for Children. Dr. Kronenberger received his BS in Psychology from Xavier University. He received his MA and PhD in Clinical Psychology (specializing in Pediatric Psychology) from Duke University, where he was a James B. Duke Fellow and Norman Guttman Named Instructor. He completed his internship at IU School of Medicine, where he served as Chief Psychology Intern. He joined the faculty at IU School of Medicine in 1993. Dr. Kronenberger has received the Trustees’ Teaching Award from Indiana University, the Residents’ Award for Teaching Excellence from the IU School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, and the McAdoo Teaching Achievement Award from the IU School of Medicine Psychology Internship Program. He was awarded the James D. Linden Community Service Award from the Indiana Psychological Association and has been a featured author for the Behavioral Science Book Service for his book “The Child Clinician’s Handbook.” Dr. Kronenberger’s areas of clinical focus are psychological testing, parent management training, and interventions to improve executive functioning. He applies these evaluation and treatment modalities to diagnoses including ADHD, Learning Disorders, and the effects of childhood medical conditions on executive functioning, learning and behavioral-emotional adjustment. Dr. Kronenberger’s research addresses psychological, biological, and environmental influences on the development of executive functioning, memory and learning. He is an author on more than 100 journal articles and book chapters as well as several tests that are used nationally and internationally, including the Learning, Executive, and Attention Functioning scale (LEAF), Conduct-Hyperactivity-Attention-Oppositional Behavior Scale (CHAOS), the Pediatric Inpatient Behavior Scale (PIBS), and the Outburst Monitoring Scale (OMS). He has been a principal investigator or co-investigator on several NIH-funded projects addressing executive functioning and spoken language development in children with hearing loss and cochlear implants or hearing aids. Dr. Kronenberger serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Pediatric Psychology and Journal of Attention Disorders. RI 4300 PSYC Adjunct Professor of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery 1991 PhD Clinical Psychology (PhD), Duke University 1988 MA Clinical Psychology (MA), Duke University 1986 BS Psychology (BS), Xavier University • Executive functioning, language, and psychosocial development in children with hearing loss who have hearing aids and/or cochlear implants. • Causes and treatments of cognitive, learning, and adjustment problems in children with physical conditions, including hearing loss. • Effects of environmental experiences, such as family environment or media violence exposure, on executive functioning and working memory. • Novel testing methods for problems with attention, executive functioning, impulsivity, and disruptive behaviors. • Novel interventions to improve executive functioning and working memory, including computer-based working memory training. • Psychological testing, particularly for challenges or delays in executive functioning, working memory, and learning. • Interventions to improve executive functioning, attention, and working memory. • Parent management training for ADHD and Disruptive Behavior Disorders in children.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2641
__label__wiki	0.676175	0.676175	Writings by David North Vadim Rogovin SEP Pamphlets Historical&International Foundations Fourth International Journal Security & The Fourth International Left Opposition and Struggle Against Stalinism Russia and Soviet Union Bolshevik Party Moscow Trials and Great Terror The Collapse of the USSR Latin America/Africa Trotskyism vs Revisionism Third International Articles and Speeches Marx & Engels Labor & Social Issues WSWS Review WSWS Perspectives Browse the Entire Catalog History of the Russian Revolution (hardbound) By Leon Trotsky In this work, Trotsky, writing from the unique vantage point of a leading participant in both the 1905 and the October 1917 revolutions, explains the historical events, socio-economic processes, and political struggles that led to the creation of the world’s first workers’ state. Be the first to review this work “During the first two months of 1917 Russia was still a Romanov monarchy. Eight months later the Bolsheviks stood at the helm. They were little known to anybody when the year began, and their leaders were still under indictment for state treason when they came to power. You will not find another such sharp turn in history -- especially if you remember that it involves a nation of 150 million people. It is clear that the events of 1917, whatever you think of them, deserve study,” wrote Leon Trotsky in The History of the Russian Revolution. In this work, Trotsky, writing from the unique vantage point of a leading participant in both the 1905 and the October 1917 revolutions, explains the historical events, socio-economic processes, and political struggles that led to the creation of the world’s first workers’ state. This single edition contains all three volumes of The History of the Russian Revolution in unabridged form. Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) was born on November 7, 1879 in the village of Yanovka, which at the time was part of the Russian Empire and is now within the borders of Ukraine. Along with Vladimir Lenin, he was one of the leaders of the October Revolution of 1917, which brought the Bolsheviks to power in Russia. Trotsky, who was head of the Red Army during the years immediately following the revolution, led the Soviet Union to victory in the Civil War from 1918-1921. Trotsky founded the Left Opposition in 1923, which was established to oppose the growth of bureaucratism, nationalism, and inequality in the Soviet Union under Stalin's leadership. He was an outspoken defender of the perspective of internationalism against the program of "socialism in one country", which the Stalinist bureaucracy advanced as part of the defense of its own power and privileges. Because of his intransigent opposition to Stalinism, he was expelled from the Communist Party in 1927, sent into exile in Central Asia in 1928, and ultimately banished from the Soviet Union in 1929. In 1933, Trotsky warned that the policies pursued by the Stalinist Communist Party in Germany, if not changed, would pave the way for the coming to power of Hitler by politically disorienting and organizationally disarming the working class in the face of the fascist threat. After his warnings were proven correct, Trotsky concluded that Stalin's betrayal of the German working class meant that the Third International could not be reformed. In 1938, he founded the Fourth International. Trotsky was murdered in 1940 in Mexico, where he had been given asylum, by a Stalinist agent. In addition to his political work, Trotsky was a major Marxist theoretician. He elaborated the theory of "permanent revolution", which explained why an economically backward country like Russia was driven onto the path of socialist revolution despite the fact that it had a comparatively low level of capitalist development. Trotsky's theory ultimately formed the basis for the October 1917 revolution. His letters and articles explaining the class nature of the Soviet state, written in the context of an inner-party debate that took place in 1939-1940 within the Trotskyist movement and collected in the volume In Defense of Marxism, are a brilliant example of the application of the dialectical materialist method to the analysis of contemporary political questions and problems of party program and perspective. Trotsky's prediction, outlined most explicitly in The Revolution Betrayed, that unless the working class in the USSR regained power through a political revolution, the Stalinist bureaucracy would bring about the restoration of capitalism, was proven correct by the events of 1989-1991. Additional information about Trotsky's political biography, his role in Soviet and world history, and his treatment at the hands of modern historians can be found here: Leon Trotsky, Soviet Historiography, and the Fate of Classical Marxism Ten Days that Shook the World The Bolsheviks in Power: The First Year of Bolshevik Rule in Petrograd The Bolsheviks Come to Power: The Revolution of 1917 in Petrograd My Life: An Attempt at an Autobiography Shipping & Purchasing © 2014 Mehring Books. All Rights Reserved	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2642
__label__cc	0.655433	0.344567	New Museum in New York unveils its expansion’s design The museum union criticises the cost of the project A rendering of the New Museum’s expansion, New York. A view down Prince Street. Source: OMA/bloomimages.de The new building is designed by Rem Koolhaas and Shohei Shigematsu of OMA architecture firm. The expansion will be built by 2022. It will replace the museum’s technology department that also houses an additional exhibition space, ArtGuide reports. The 5,500-square-metre expansion will add almost 1,000 square metres of gallery space. The new building will also house a restaurant, a bookstore and a big lobby. A rendering of the New Museum’s expansion, New York. Source: Artguide/OMA/bloomimages.de The project costs $89 million. The museum has raised $79 million, including $20 million donated by Toby Devan, the vice president of the New Museum’s board.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2644
__label__wiki	0.667079	0.667079	'42' tribunals? A cause for shame? by Paul Brett from Signs of the Times No. 15 - Oct 2004 The recent General Synod debate on the Clergy Discipline (Doctrine) report was a curious affair. The Press greeted it with dramatic headlines, exciting everyone with the prospect of 'heresy trials'. Were bishops to be burnt at the stake, and bonfires made of forbidden books? Well, no, of course not! The background is important. Back in 1996 a Synod report called Under Authority had examined the inadequacies of the 1963 Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Measure and proposed a new system of offences, procedures and penalties for clergy who were accused of professional misconduct. The subsequent Measure came into force in 2000. Early in the discussion it had been agreed that questions about 'doctrine, ritual and ceremonial' should be considered separately, and a second group, chaired by Peter Forster, Bishop of Chester, looked into the matter and produced their report shortly before the Synod debate on 10 July 2004 in York. At once, some of us smelled a rat! There were only a few days to consider the document and the detailed draft Measure attached to it. There was no preliminary, and customary, 'take note' motion for the debate. We were simply invited to vote 'that this Synod instruct the Business Committee to introduce draft legislation to give effect to the recommendations in the report'. It looked like an attempt to rush things through. As it happened, when the package of Synod papers containing this report arrived, I was in the middle of reading The Hitch-hiker's Guide to the Galaxy, written 25 years ago by Douglas Adams, a famous old boy of the town in which I live. Was the Discipline (Doctrine) report to be a 'Heart of Gold', like the Vogon spaceship that saved Arthur Dent and Ford Prefect as the earth was destroyed to make way for a hyperspace highway? Would the provisions of the report provide Christian hikers with the answer to 'Life, the (doctrinal) Universe and Everything'? Those who have read this crazy book will know that the answer to this question is famously and incomprehensibly said to be '42'. Should the doctrinal disciplinary tribunals proposed in the report be called - in flippant shorthand - '42' Tribunals? More seriously, I found much to commend in the document. After a fascinating historical review of 'heresy' accusations, it declared that 'if a bishop or a priest is not witnessing to the faith of the Church in a way that the Church can recognise as faithful and authentic, the Church's integrity requires that there be a proper and credible means of addressing the situation' (para 50). Yes, I thought, every organisation has the right to define and set its boundaries, and indeed to require a commitment to them from its officers. But how do you apply this to the Church of England? As I read on, a furrow began to crease my brow: an offence was proposed of 'professing, advocating or promoting beliefs which are incompatible with the doctrine of the Church of England by preaching or teaching or publicly communicating such beliefs' (para 61). Yes, again, but what exactly is our doctrine? Further worries began to surface: the group had agreed that the 'exploration of doctrinal issues was permissible but that the promotion or profession of false doctrine was not' (para 63). Exploration ... promotion ... profession? Would this mean, I wondered, that I could question, for instance, the scientific possibility of the resurrection of the body, in the Apostles Creed, or the philosophical basis of the doctrine of the Holy Trinity implied by the Common Worship words: 'In the power of the Spirit and in union with Christ, let us pray to the Father', though not with any emphasis that suggested I wanted anyone to take any notice of me? Where was the boundary between digging down deep into the meaning of the historic words and phrases of our faith, trying to interpret them afresh for our generation, and beginning to deny their validity? And could a tribunal (chaired by a 'legally qualified person' with three bishops, two lay persons and two clergy, meeting in private, and by a majority) actually make a valid decision on such a question? More worries emerged: the group addressed the issue of 'expressing false doctrine implicitly rather than expressly'. Examples of such implicit action were given such as 'a bishop knowingly ordaining someone known to hold unorthodox views or to have a lifestyle inconsistent with the doctrine of the Church' (para 64). The group had been advised that their procedures would cover this sort of thing if it could be seen as 'promoting beliefs'. What worms, I thought, might this can contain? Would a '42' Tribunal try to open windows into the episcopal soul? Or what should a bishop do if an ordinand questioned, say, the biological accuracy of the virgin birth on the grounds that it rested on a mistranslation of Isaiah 7.14 in the Septuagint ('young woman' being translated 'virgin')? How could anyone tell if his action in ordaining such a person knowingly promoted this view or not? And lifestyle: more wriggling worms in the can. A hundred years ago, I had read, there was a lot of fuss over birth control. It was condemned by most of the medical profession and by academics and legislators. Bishops at the Lambeth Conferences of 1908 and 1920 had also condemned it, on theological grounds. But by 1930 the bishops voted by 193 to 67 to permit 'other methods' besides self-control where there was 'a clearly-felt moral obligation to limit or avoid parenthood and where there is a morally sound reason for avoiding complete abstinence' (New Dictionary of Christian Ethics page 125). They had changed their minds within a generation! What might seem theologically wrong at one time might seem right at another. And then the biggest worry of all: if a bishop did ordain someone with unorthodox views or lifestyle, a small gang of zealots in his Diocesan Synod, who didn't like it, could proceed against him. A small gang? - my words. Well, a complaint against a priest or deacon could be initiated by a person acting on behalf of 'two-thirds of the lay members of the PCC' (para 75) or, in the case of a priest, deacon or bishop, by 'ten percent of the House of Clergy and ten percent of the House of Laity of the Diocesan Synod' (para 76). A quick enquiry round the dioceses revealed that this would mean, for example, eight clergy in Blackburn, Bradford and Carlisle, six in Newcastle and Bristol, five in Ely, and three in Sodor and Man, plus a similar number of laity. A small gang indeed, and far too easy to convene in today's heated theological climate. What, then, was to be done about this? In the Synod debate powerful speeches were made opposing the report, notably by Christopher Lewis, Dean of Christ Church, Joy Tetley, Archdeacon of Worcester, and John Saxbee, Bishop of Lincoln, President of the Modern Churchpeople's Union. During the debate I proposed an amendment to increase the threshold from ten percent to two-thirds, the figure already proposed for PCCs and the majority already required in Synod debates on doctrinal matters. Another Synod member proposed a compromise figure of 40 percent, thus giving people a range of options to choose from. If either of these options were passed, it would make proceedings almost impossible to start, except perhaps in exceptional circumstances. In the event both amendments were lost, though the Archbishop of Canterbury voted for 40 percent, and several bishops, afterwards, readily agreed that ten percent was far too low. When it came to the vote, by Houses, the bishops came down in favour of the main motion by 27 to 12 (all having originally agreed to back it, we were told); the laity voted in favour by 164 to 51; and the clergy opposed it by 103 to 99. Who influenced the three clergy whose votes secured this defeat? All sorts of interpretations have been put forward: the amendments were lost in order to stop the whole thing seeming less objectionable and so letting it through - the chair called Bishop Saxbee, who said he'd vote against, instead of the Bishop of Worcester, who wanted it passed so that those who had recently complained about his attitude to homosexuality could test his orthodoxy in front of a tribunal - the 'liberal ascendancy' in the church had undermined the purity of Christian faith and practice once again - self-interest had ruled rather than the good of the church as a whole. All I can say is that those I spoke to after the debate seemed privately relieved that it had not gone through, whatever might have been said in public. So what happens now? It was clear than this proposal could not come back to the Synod, either this one or its successor, in its present form. Archbishop Rowan described it to me as 'unfinished business'. The Bishop of Chester told me the House of Bishops would have to look at it and decide - and he was clearly angry about what had happened to his report. All seemed to agree that it must not be too easy to start proceedings against those with whom we disagree. Several deeper questions seem to need careful attention if we are to move forward responsibly on this important matter. First, we need to think carefully about truth and how it is to be discovered and promoted. Not a new question, of course, but a relevant one. Would we be better served by acting to exclude certain ideas and interpretations of ideas, or by concentrating on the best available scholarship to expound and promote our core beliefs? If we can't present orthodoxy in a form that is convincing today, so much the worse for us - and for truth. In the modern - the post-modern - world, ideas are not accepted as true or false because some authority says so, but because they are convincing or not, as the case may be. Christian faith and practice has to take its chance alongside many other faiths and lifestyles. Our cause is not promoted by pulling up the doctrinal drawbridge to keep 'error' out, but by engaging openly, positively and convincingly, in the worldwide market-place of ideas and ways of living. Secondly, we need to think carefully about boundaries . Would the Church of England, the church of the nation as a whole, be better served by having a 'Confession', like some continental churches, or a 'Statement of Belief, like the Scripture Union? These documents tighten up on the Anglican words in the Declaration of Assent , which speaks simply of the faith to which the scriptures, the creeds and our historic formularies bear witness. Or should we continue to be a forum for religious ideas resting on the interplay of scripture, tradition and reason, brought into relationship with experience, with problems dealt with 'pastorally' by bishops or archbishops? This, after all, has been the traditional Anglican way. If we can do this, perhaps we will discover the real answer to life, the universe and everything. Putting The Hitch-hiker's Guide back on the shelf, however, I remembered the fuss over the Girton Conference in 1921 at which Hastings Rashdall queried, among other things, the virgin birth. HDA Major published the papers in The Modern Churchman (as the MCU journal was then called) and unleashed a flood of protest. The Doctrine Commission set up in 1922 to look into this, and other, matters found itself able to state that both the traditional and the modernist views of this doctrine 'are held by members of the Church, as of the Commission, who fully accept the reality of our Lord's Incarnation' (page 83) - and it took them fifteen years, until 1937, to reach this startling conclusion! Thank God three votes saved us today from opening ourselves up to endless argument, and expense, to no very edifying effect - and being ridiculed by the world. Paul Brett is Rector of St Mary's Shenfield and one of the General Synod members representing the Diocese of Chelmsford.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2645
__label__wiki	0.770692	0.770692	Home › Vintage › Category Archives › Classic Films Queen Christina is a pre-Code Hollywood biographical film, produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1933. It stars Swedish-born actress Greta Garbo and John Gilbert in their fourth and last film together. The film was directed by Rouben Mamoulian in 1933, and written by H. M. Harwood and Salka Viertel, with dialogue by S. N. Behrman, based on a story by Salka Viertel… Vintage: Vivien Leigh as ‘Anna Karenina’ (1948) 7 June 2019 0 Anna Karenina (Vivien Leigh) is married to Alexei Karenin (Ralph Richardson), a cold government official in St Petersburg who is apparently more interested in his career than in satisfying the emotional needs of his wife. Called to Moscow by her brother Stepan Oblonsky (Hugh Dempster), a reprobate who has been unfaithful to his trusting wife Dolly (Mary Kerridge) once too… Vintage: Broken Blossoms (1919) Broken Blossoms is a 1919 American silent drama film directed by D.W. Griffith. Cheng Huan (Richard Barthelmess) leaves his native China because he “dreams to spread the gentle message of Buddha to the Anglo-Saxon lands.” His idealism fades as he is faced with the brutal reality of London’s gritty inner-city. However, his mission is finally realized in his devotion to… Vintage: The Last Laugh (1924) The Last Laugh is a 1924 German silent film directed by German director F. W. Murnau. Jannings’ character is a doorman for a famous hotel, who takes great pride in his work and position. His manager decides that the doorman is getting too old and infirm to present the image of the hotel, and so demotes him to a less… Vintage: Sherlock Jr. (1924) Sherlock Jr. is a 1924 American silent comedy film directed by and starring Buster Keaton. A movie theater projectionist and janitor (Buster Keaton) is in love with a beautiful girl (Kathryn McGuire). However, he has a rival, the “local sheik” (Ward Crane). Neither has much money. The projectionist buys a $1 box of chocolates, all he can afford, and changes… Vintage: Greed (1924) Greed is a 1924 American silent film, written and directed by Erich von Stroheim and based on the 1899 Frank Norris novel McTeague. John McTeague is a miner working in Placer County, California. A traveling dentist calling himself Dr. “Painless” Potter visits the town, and McTeague’s mother begs Potter to take her son on as an apprentice. Potter agrees and… Vintage: The Wind (1928) The Wind is a 1928 pre-code American silent romantic drama film directed by Victor Sjöström. An impoverished young woman named Letty Mason (Lillian Gish) travels west by train from Virginia to live at her cousin Beverly’s isolated ranch in Sweetwater, Texas. On the way, she is bothered by the constantly blowing wind. Fellow passenger and cattle buyer Wirt Roddy (Montagu… Vintage: Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927) Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans is a 1927 American silent romantic comedy-drama directed by German director F. W. Murnau (in his American film debut) and starring George O’Brien, Janet Gaynor, and Margaret Livingston. A vacationing Woman from the City (Margaret Livingston) lingers in a lakeside town for weeks. After dark, she goes to a farmhouse where the Man (George… Vintage: The General (1926) The General is a 1926 American silent comedy film released by United Artists. Western & Atlantic Railroad train engineer Johnnie Gray (Buster Keaton) is in Marietta, Georgia to see one of the two loves of his life, his fiancée Annabelle Lee (Marion Mack)—the other being his locomotive, The General—when the American Civil War breaks out. He hurries to be first… Vintage: The Bishop’s Wife (1947) The Bishop’s Wife is a Samuel Goldwyn romantic comedy feature film from 1947, starring Cary Grant, Loretta Young, and David Niven in a story about an angel who helps a bishop with his problems. The film was adapted by Leonardo Bercovici and Robert E. Sherwood from the 1928 novel of the same name by Robert Nathan, and was directed by… Vintage: A Christmas Carol (1938) A Christmas Carol is a 1938 American film adaptation of Charles Dickens’s 1843 novella of the same name, starring Reginald Owen as Ebenezer Scrooge, an elderly miser who learns the error of his ways on Christmas Eve after visitations by three spirits. On Christmas Eve in 19th-century London, Fred is sliding on ice on a sidewalk. He meets Peter and… Vintage: It’s a Wonderful Life (1946) It’s a Wonderful Life is a 1946 American Christmas fantasy comedy-drama film produced and directed by Frank Capra, based on the short story and booklet The Greatest Gift, which Philip Van Doren Stern wrote in 1939 and published privately in 1945. On Christmas Eve 1945, in Bedford Falls, New York, George Bailey contemplates suicide. Prayers for him reach Heaven, where… Vintage: Behind the Scenes from To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) The story takes place during three years (1933–35) of the Great Depression in the fictional “tired old town” of Maycomb, Alabama, the seat of Maycomb County. It focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer. Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill, who visits Maycomb… Vintage: The Bride of Frankenstein (1935) The Bride of Frankenstein is a 1935 American horror film, the first sequel to Frankenstein (1931). Bride of Frankenstein was directed by James Whale and stars Boris Karloff as The Monster, Elsa Lanchester in the dual role of his mate and Mary Shelley, Colin Clive as Henry Frankenstein, and Ernest Thesiger as Doctor Septimus Pretorius. Vintage Behind the Scenes: Funny Face (1956) Funny Face is a 1957 American musical romantic comedy film directed by Stanley Donen and written by Leonard Gershe, containing assorted songs by George and Ira Gershwin. Although having the same title as the 1927 Broadway musical Funny Face by the Gershwin brothers, and featuring the same male star (Fred Astaire), the plot is totally different and only four of… Vintage: Behind the Scenes: Rear Window (1954) Rear Window is a 1954 American mystery thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock and written by John Michael Hayes based on Cornell Woolrich’s 1942 short story “It Had to Be Murder”. Originally released by Paramount Pictures, the film stars James Stewart, Grace Kelly, Wendell Corey, Thelma Ritter and Raymond Burr. Vintage – Behind the Scenes: 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) Financed and distributed by American studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 2001: A Space Odyssey was filmed and edited almost entirely in England, using the studio facilities of the MGM-British Studios and those of Shepperton Studios, mostly because of the availability of much larger sound stages than in the United States. Production was subcontracted to Kubrick’s production company and care was taken that the… Vintage: Behind the Scenes from Return Of The Jedi (1983) The Galactic Empire, under the direction of the ruthless Emperor, is constructing a second Death Star in order to crush the Rebel Alliance once and for all. Since the Emperor plans to personally oversee the final stages of its construction, the Rebel Fleet launches a full-scale attack on the Death Star in order to prevent its completion and kill the… Vintage: Behind the Scenes of Dr. Strangelove (1964) Dr. Strangelove, is a 1964 political satire black comedy film that satirizes the Cold War fears of a nuclear conflict between the USSR and the USA. The film was directed, produced, and co-written by Stanley Kubrick, stars Peter Sellers and George C. Scott, and features Sterling Hayden, Keenan Wynn, and Slim Pickens. Production took place in the United Kingdom. The… Chris Simpson: Carnets de Voyage Atlas Gallery is delighted to announce the first solo exhibition of photographs by Chris Simpson in London. Simpson’s Carnets de…	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2647
__label__wiki	0.927671	0.927671	City supports 211 Helpline for suicide prevention Mayor appoints new attorney The Flandreau city council has voted to support Moody County Cares’ efforts to get 211 Helpline services to the community. At its Jan. 21 meeting, the council unanimously approved $1,000 toward the $6,000 it will cost the first year of 211 services. Moody County commissioners also have approved $1,000 in funding. Moody County Cares will seek other money from communities and private businesses. The Helpline answers many types of calls, but Moody County Cares is focusing on having the service as a resource for suicide prevention and help when people call 211. The county is the only one in the area that doesn’t contract with 211 services. Moody County Cares was started recently because of concerns about suicide among the farm community where farmers have faced financial struggles, said the Rev. Alan Blankenfeld, chairman of the group that includes about 30 people. In other business, •Mayor Mark Bonrud has appointed Corey Bruning to replace Paul Lewis as the city attorney, which is a part-time job. Bruning, 41, graduated from Flandreau High School in 1995 and from the University of South Dakota in 2000 with a bachelor’s degree in business administration with a major in economics. He spent nine years in the financial services industry and earned his MBA and law degree from USD in 2012. After working on his own in 2012, he and Lewis opened a law firm together. When Lewis went to fulltime Moody County State’s Attorney at the beginning of the year, he gave up the city attorney position. Bruning also is the assistant state’s attorney for the county, serving as needed. Bruning said with two lawyers on the city council and other lawyers in appointed positions in Flandreau, he knew he needed to step up and offer to represent the city if the business was going to stay local. “It is a good opportunity to give back and to serve,” he said. Bruning and his wife, Kara, have daughters, Kassie, 12, and Lexi, 8. •Bids came in for construction and materials for the fourth phase of the electrical project, which will move overhead lines underground in the areas of town that haven’t been converted. Dakota Directional LLC of Redfield came in with the lowest offer of $993,617 for construction. Nine bids were received and ranged from the low bid to $1.4 million. WESCO of Sioux City, Iowa, had the low bid on the primary power cable at $337,476, one of two companies to submit bids. The other bid was $375,890. Three bids were received for three-phase padmount switches with RESCO of Moorhead, Minn., offering the low bid of $86,081. Other bids ranged up to $98,865. RESCO also earned the low big on single padmount switches at $4,119 and for three-phase padmount distribution transformers at $23,618. Out of four bids for single-phase padmount distribution transformers, Irby Utilities of Egan, Minn., had the low bid at $48,226. The engineer working for the city on the project, DGR Engineering of Rock Rapids, Iowa, recommends the city accept the bids. •Resident Janii White asked the council if there are city rules about making sure vehicles are off the street when snow plowing is done. When cars are left on the street, plows go around them, and it leaves a mess, she said. City administrator Jeff Pederson said the city’s ordinances are weak when it comes to snow removal. Vehicles are supposed to be off the street within 24 hours after receiving two inches of snow when parked on an emergency route and 72 hours on other streets. But this last snow was a prolonged event with winds added in, he said. “The conditions have been very challenging.” Corey Bruning will be the new city attorney for Flandreau	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2648
__label__wiki	0.89471	0.89471	The real story of Flight 4590 Staff Reporter 18 May 2001 00:00 A freak ‘single cause’ accident was blamed when an Air France Concorde crashed in flames last year. But a number of avoidable errors may have played a part in the disaster, writes David Rose It is an indelible image, heavy with symbolism: the photograph taken on July 25 last year at the moment Concorde became a technological Icarus. The great white bird rears up over runway 26 at Charles de Gaulle, immediately after takeoff. Already mortally wounded, flames bleed uncontrollably from beneath the left-hand wing. Less than two minutes later, the world’s only supersonic airliner will fling itself into the Paris suburb of Gonesse, killing all 109 on board and another five on the ground. In the 10 months since the crash, the official investigation into its causes has focused almost entirely on the fire. According to the French accident investigation bureau, the BEA, it broke out when the plane passed over a strip of metal on the runway. A tyre burst; a chunk of rubber thudded into a fuel tank inside the wing; jet fuel poured out of a hole and ignited. The hot gases caused two of the engines to falter, and despite a valiant struggle by Captain Christian Marty, the loss of thrust made the crash inevitable. This “single cause” explanation is why the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) grounded BA’s seven Concordes three weeks after the disaster. Its chair, Sir Malcolm Field, said: “It is clear to all of us in the CAA that a tyre-burst alone should never cause the loss of a public transport aircraft ... tyre debris alone is thought to have led to this catastrophic accident.” An investigation by the Mail & Guardian’s sister newspaper, The Observer, suggests the truth is much more complicated and as far as Air France is concerned, far more worrying. In the words of John Hutchinson, a BA Concorde captain for 15 years, the fire on its own should have been “eminently survivable; the pilot should have been able to fly his way out of trouble”. The reason he failed to do so, Hutchinson believes, was a lethal combination of operational error and “negligence” by the maintenance department of Air France. This appears to have been a crash with more than one contributing factor, most of which were avoidable. Go back to that photo. An amazing picture: but where was it taken? The answer is: inside an Air France Boeing 747 that had just landed from Japan and was waiting to cross Concorde’s runway on its way back to the terminal. Its passengers included French President Jacques Chirac and his wife. Concorde seems to be nearby because it had been close to hitting the 747, which would have turned both aircraft into a giant fireball. Veering wildly to the left, like a recalcitrant supermarket trolley with a jammed wheel, Concorde’s undercarriage had locked askew. When Marty pulled back on the control column to raise the nose and take to the air the process pilots call “rotation” the plane’s airspeed was only 188 knots, 11 knots below the minimum recommended velocity required for this manoeuvre. But he had no choice: the plane was about to leave the tarmac altogether and plough into the soft and bumpy grass at its side. That might have ripped off the landing gear, leaving Concorde to overturn and blow up on its own. If not, the 747 lay straight ahead. So he took to the air, although he knew he was travelling too slowly, which would impair the damaged plane’s chances of survival. The BEA’s interim report notes that according to the cockpit voice record, the instant before Marty rotated, co-pilot Jean Marcot screamed: “Watch out!” The report states: “At this stage it is not possible to explain this exclamation.” Marcot was at the front of a Concorde thundering off a runway at 300kph towards a 747 carrying the president: his exclamation seems reasonably explicable. But why was the plane in this disastrous position? Shocking evidence now emerging suggests that the underlying reason may have been that Air France Concorde F-BTSC had not been properly maintained. The airline’s ground staff had failed to replace a “spacer”, a vital component of the landing gear that keeps the wheels in proper alignment, when they serviced and reassembled the plane’s undercarriage four days before the disaster. Although the BEA disputes it, there is compelling evidence that it was the missing spacer that may have caused the plane to skew to the left, so forcing Marty to leave the ground too early. At the same time, the plane was operating outside its legally certified limits. When it stood at the end of the runway, ready to roll, it was more than six tonnes over its approved maximum takeoff weight for the given conditions, with its centre of gravity pushed dangerously far to the rear. According to Hutchinson, even before the blowout, Marty was already “pushing the envelope” of safe flying explored by the test pilots when the plane was being developed in the early 1970s. Had the plane not hit the metal strip, Marty would almost certainly have got away with it. Faced with an emergency, with his plane in the air flying below a sustainable speed, his options were severely compromised. The Observer’s investigation suggests Concorde need not have been grounded. Now undergoing a 30-million refit to equip the fuel tanks with new kevlar linings, it was already basically safe. As for Air France, the sense of sorrow over what took place remains palpable: the crash was its worst nightmare. Its lawyers are close to reaching a settlement with the families of the 109 German victims, tourists from Mnchengladbach about to start the holiday of a lifetime. Each family has been offered about 1-million the largest settlement in German legal history. Disclosure that this may not have been a “single cause” catastrophe may place this in jeopardy. Because the plane was bound for New York, the relatives would be entitled to sue in the United States. If the courts there found Air France culpable, the damages they might award could make 1-million seem trivial. Most of the raw data about the crash can be found on the Internet, in the two reports already published by the BEA. Its final report is due in a few weeks’ time. Meanwhile, a separate inquiry is being conducted by an investigating judge. The missing undercarriage spacer, and the effects this had on Flight 4590, are now emerging as the judicial investigation’s central issues. If the French courts decide there is sufficient evidence, they have the power to charge Air France with “homicide involuntaire” what British law would term corporate manslaughter. The stresses on Concorde’s landing gear are unusually severe. Unlike ordinary aircraft, its delta wings generate hardly any “lift” until the captain pulls up the nose and pitches the plane upwards at an angle of 18 degrees at the point of rotation. Until then, the wheels and bogeys will bear all of Concorde’s weight in the case of a fully laden plane at takeoff, about 185 tonnes. The procedures both Air France and BA impose on their ground crews reflect the obvious danger of getting anything wrong. At regular intervals of a few hundred flying hours, the various load-bearing components become “lifed”, and must be replaced. When the undercarriage bogeys are taken apart and reassembled, the work must be done according to a rigid formula, and rigorously inspected and assessed. Concorde F-BTSC went into the hangar at Charles de Gaulle on July 18, a week before the crash. The part that was “lifed” was the left undercarriage “beam” the horizontal tube through which the two wheel axles pass at each end. In the middle is a low-friction pivot that connects the beam to the vertical “leg” extending down from inside the wing. The bits of the pivot which bear the load are two steel “shear bushes”. To keep them in position, they are separated by the spacer: a piece of grey, anodised aluminium about 12cm in diameter and 30cm long. When the plane left the hangar on July 21, the spacer was missing. After the crash, it was found in the Air France workshop, still attached to the old beam that had been replaced. In the days before the accident, the aircraft flew to New York and back twice. At first, the load-bearing shear bushes remained in the right positions. But each time the plane took off, the landing gear was retracted into the wing. On the ground the two shear bushes are positioned horizontally on either side of the beam. With the gear retracted the right-hand bush lies vertically above the left. On F-BTSC it began to slip down into the gap where there should have been a spacer. By the day of the crash it had moved about 18cm until the two washers were almost touching. Instead of being held firmly in a snug-fitting pivot the beam and the wheels were wobbling, with about three degrees of movement possible in any direction. As the plane taxied to the start of the runway, there was nothing to keep the front wheels of the undercarriage in line with the back. The supermarket trolley was ready to jam. Exactly when it started to do so is uncertain. Jean-Marie Chauve, who flew Concordes with Air France until his retirement six years ago, and Michel Suaud, for many years a Concorde flight engineer, believe the undercarriage was already out of alignment when the plane began to move down the runway. They have spent the past six months preparing a 60-page report on the crash, which they have submitted to the investigating judge. Chauve said: “The acceleration was abnormally slow from the start. There were something retarding the aircraft, holding it back.” In his view, it must have been friction from the undercarriage. Chauve and Suaud’s report contains detailed calculations that conclude that without this retardation, the plane would have taken off 1,694m from the start of the runway before reaching the fateful metal strip. The BEA contests these findings, saying that the acceleration was normal until the tyre burst. It also maintains that even after the blowout the missing spacer was insignificant. The BEA’s critics say that once the tyre burst the load on the remaining tyres became uneven, and even if the wheels had been more or less straight before, they now twisted to the side. The “smoking gun” is a remarkable series of photographs in the BEA’s own preliminary report. They show unmistakably the skid marks of four tyres heading off the runway on to its concrete shoulder, almost reaching the rough grass beyond. In one picture the foreground depicts a smashed yellow steel landing light on the very edge of the made-up surface, which was clipped by the aircraft as Marty tried to wrest it into the air. Industry sources have confirmed this probably had further, damaging results. Until then the number one engine had been functioning almost normally, but when the plane hit the landing light it ingested hard material that caused it to surge and fail. This hard material, the sources say, was probably parts of the broken light. And as one industry insider put it: “You would not see four marks if the wheels had been straight, with the back wheels behind the front. And you should not see such marks at all after a normal takeoff. This plane was skidding sideways. It was out of control.” Hutchinson said: “The blowout alone would not cause these marks. You’d get intermittent blobs from flapping rubber, but these are very clearly skids.” Overall, the effect on the plane was like trying to take off in an exceptional crosswind a situation Concorde pilots are trained to avoid. The captain tried to overcome the leftward drift by turning the rudder to the right. It made negligible difference. In its interim report, and in a statement issued last month after Chauve submitted his dossier to the judge, the BEA said that the leftwards “yaw” was caused not by the faulty landing gear but by “the loss of thrust from engines one and two”. There are several problems with this analysis. First, as the BEA’s own published data reveals, the thrust from engine one was almost normal until the end of the skid, when it took in the parts of the landing light. It is simply not true that the yaw began when both engines failed. Second, those who fly the plane say that a loss of engine power will not cause an uncontrollable yaw. Concorde’s engines, unlike, say, a 747, are not mounted out near the wingtips but close to the tail and fuselage. The Observer has spoken to five former and serving Concorde captains and flying officers. All have experienced the loss of an engine shortly before takeoff in the computerised Concorde training simulator; one of them, twice, has done so for real. All agree, in Hutchinson’s words, that “it’s no big deal at all. You’re not using anything like the full amount of rudder to keep the plane straight; the yaw is totally containable.” Finally, there are the skid marks. Last weekend the BEA claimed the plane had not skidded at all. Its chief representative, Helen Bastianelli, confirmed that the wheels were “not in a symmetric trajectory” in other words out of alignment when the Concorde took off, the first time the BEA has made this crucial disclosure. But despite the photographic evidence, she still insisted the yaw was caused by engine failure on the grounds that photos or no photos, there was no sign of skid marks. Later I was telephoned by Philip Swan, an Englishman who works for the BEA in Le Bourget the airstrip near Gonesse where Marty was hoping to try to land. He accepted that the pictures did show the marks of four tyres, and that they were clearly out of alignment. But he concluded: “The photograph does depict that the tyres of the aircraft made sideways marks under stress. But I prefer not to use the term skid.” Think of your car, resisting your attempts to drive it straight, lurching off to the left. The BEA would say those black smears it leaves behind on the road are not evidence of a skid, merely the marks of the wheels moving sideways under stress. The fact that Marty had to rotate his plane 11 knots below its stipulated rotation velocity was always going to make it difficult to save. In the event, he never got close to “V2”, the 220-knot airspeed that would have represented stable flight. For a few seconds in the agonising minute between takeoff and catastrophe he got up to about 210 knots, only for the number one engine which had begun to recover to fail for a second time. But despite everything already against him the skewed bogey; the fire other avoidable factors were making it still more difficult to rescue the plane. When Marty paused at the start of the runway, his instruments told him that his Concorde had 1,2 tonnes of extra fuel which should have been burnt during the taxi. In addition, it contained 19 bags of luggage that were not included on the manifest, and had been loaded at the last minute, weighing a further 500kg. These took the total mass to about 186 tonnes a tonne above the aircraft’s certified “maximum structural weight” the weight its physical components were designed and tested to carry in safety. Meanwhile, in the interval between Concorde’s leaving the terminal and reaching the start of the runway, something very important had changed: the wind. It had been still. Now, as the control tower told Marty, he had an eight knot tailwind. The first thing pilots learn is that one takes off against the wind. Yet as the voice record makes clear, Marty and his crew seemed not to react to this information at all. Had they paused for a moment, they might have recomputed the data on which they had planned their takeoff. If they had, they would have learned a very worrying fact. Flying a tonne over maximum structural weight was theoretically unlawful, but was not an outrageous risk. However, more important than this measure is what pilots call the RTOW, the regulated takeoff weight: a limit set according to detailed tables for a given plane in the conditions obtaining at a particular time and place. As Marty released the brake with the eight-knot wind behind him, the tailwind meant that Concorde’s RTOW was just 180 tonnes six tonnes less than the weight of Flight 4590. Hutchinson said: “The change in the wind was an incredible revelation, and no one says anything. Marty should have done the sums and told the tower, ‘Hang on, we’ve got to redo our calculations.’” Once he realised how far he was above the RTOW, he should have insisted on taxiing back to the other end of the runway and taken off against the wind. “If I’m honest, I’ve probably taken off 30, 40kg overweight after all, you can never be sure because you don’t weigh the passengers or the hand baggage. But not six tonnes! They were already at the limits of the envelope. Once the wind changed, they were beyond it.” The extra weight had a further consequence beyond simply making it harder to get into the air. It shifted the centre of gravity backwards: the extra bags almost certainly went into the rear hold, and all the extra fuel was in the rearmost tank. A plane’s centre of gravity is expressed as a percentage: so many per cent “fore” or “aft”. Brian Trubshaw and John Cochrane, Concorde’s two test pilots when the aircraft was being developed in the 1970s, set the aft operating limit at 54% beyond that, they found, it risked becoming uncontrollable, likely to rear up backwards and crash, exactly as Flight 4590 did in its final moments over Gonesse. The doomed plane’s centre of gravity went beyond 54%. The BEA states a figure of 54,2%. A senior industry source says the true figure may have been worse: with the extra fuel and bags, it may have been up to 54,6%. He said: “This is very significant. Even in a takeoff with all four engines working normally, you are well beyond the point where the test pilots would have been prepared to tread.” And as the fuel gushed from the hole in the forward number five tank, the centre of gravity moved still further back. Once again, Air France and Marty had closed off their options. Marty’s crew was to do so one final time. When the plane was just 7,5m off the ground, the flight engineer shut down the ailing number two engine. Both French and British pilots say it was another disastrous mistake, which breached all set procedures. The engine itself was not on fire, and as the tank emptied and the fire burned itself out, it would probably have recovered. The fixed drill for shutting down an engine requires the crew to wait until the flight is stable at 1 200m, and to do so then only on a set of commands from the captain. In a comment that might be applied to the whole tragedy, Hutchinson said: “Discipline had broken down. The captain doesn’t know what’s happening; the co-pilot doesn’t know; it’s a shambles. Once you deviate from rules and procedures, it’s chaos.” Previous reports of the tragedy have described the crash as an “act of God”, a freak occurrence which exposed a fatal structural weakness in the aircraft that could have appeared at any time. Following the lead from the BEA, the international media have looked at previous tyre blowouts, suggesting that any one of them could have set in motion an ineluctable chain reaction; they have taken as a given the proposition that once the fire began, and hot gases interfered with the running of the left-hand engines, then the disaster that followed was inevitable. The investigation by The Observer suggests the truth may not only be more complicated, but also sadder, more sordid. Men, not God, caused Concorde to crash, and their omissions and errors may have turned an escapable mishap to catastrophe.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2658
__label__wiki	0.777337	0.777337	Practice, Resilience, and Passion: The Story of the MHS 7 O’clock Jazz Ensemble’s Journey to the Top The 7 O'clock Jazz Ensemble Roopa Shah Rohan Shah Filed under Arts and Entertainment The 2017-2018 school year was promising for the 7 O’clock jazz ensemble, MHS’s premiere jazz group. Seniors Alex Warholic (University of Michigan), Tom Davis (Belmont University), Julia Zeimentz (University of Wisconsin-Madison), and other seniors hoped this year would be the band’s best, a fitting coda to four plus years of hard work. Not historically one of the nation’s top high school groups, the band had potential, and director Doug Brown could see it. It was evident during practice when a trumpet player would hit a hard note, plastering it to the far wall. Or when the rhythm section would effortlessly ease into a different feel. Or even when the trombone section, playing under a soloist, nailed their harmonic figure that perfectly accented the song. These were signs that the band was ready to take the next step, a step that would effectively throw their hat in the ring of a national competition. As the band’s potential materialized, the journey to the Essentially Ellington Competition began. “EE,” as it is commonly known, is the “Super Bowl of jazz band competitions,” according to director Doug Brown. Organized by Jazz at Lincoln Center in New York and hosted by Wynton Marsalis’ Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra (JLCO), the competition is known for being the pinnacle of achievement for high school jazz ensembles. “They’ll take a handful of schools throughout the nation and put them out at Jazz at Lincoln Center for a couple of days, and everybody gets to play for each other and compete to see who the best band in the nation is this year,” says Brown. Although “it’s all in good fun,” Brown adds, this sentiment did not stop the band from taking the competition very seriously. Deciding to send in a tape as an “audition,” the band began to ramp up practices and recording sessions. Two and a half hour long practices on Monday nights, recording sessions during the week, and sectionals throughout the week, the band was busy preparing. Months went by, and finally, the tapes were ready. However, the recordings were not perfect. Slight imperfections from the trumpet section rang out, here and there a shamble of notes would escape from the trombone section, and occasionally the rhythm section failed to sustain a swing groove. Despite these small flaws, the band submitted the recordings to Wynton Marsalis and the rest of JLCO, and the waiting began. During these months, the band was on pins and needles, with thoughts such as “Do you think we got in?”, “Are we even good enough?”, cascading through the band room at any given time. However, after several weeks, they had their response. Gripping their instruments, knuckles white, their hearts pounding, the band listened as Mr. Brown delivered the news. They had not been selected. In fact, they had been ranked 13th, and while they brooded, the top 12 bands in the nation were chosen to fly to New York City that spring. It was a poignant ending for the seniors. Despite this, they wished the juniors and underclassman well and gave them all the luck they could for the next year. Fast forward one year and the band has submitted again, however now without the graduated seniors. Despite this loss, the band has tapped into new talent. Adding multiple new members and promoting others, Doug Brown has said that “it is safe to say that this is one of, if not, the best the bands the school has ever fielded.” This powerhouse of a band is now more motivated than ever. The wounds of rejection from last year still sting, but the collective sentiment is one of determination. “. . .we kind of went in blind last year, we didn’t know how the scoring was gonna go, but just knowing that we were that close gave us that extra edge this year to push and try because we knew that it was right there,” says senior Ben Peterson when asked about last years results. As lead trumpet and a senior this year, Peterson has a leadership role in the band. Sharing this role with other seniors such as Alexis Stahnke, Megan Andrews, Lucy Crosdale, Aaron Brenton, Max Newcomer, Peterson, and his peers have been the driving force behind the push to be accepted into EE. With renewed vigor and intensity, this years band set off with a mission: be the first jazz band from MHS to go to New York City and play for Wynton Marsalis. A tall order, the band stepped up. Learning from past mistakes and leaving no stone unturned, they worked their fingers to the bone, practicing, listening, and learning. When the time came to submit, the band was ready. They had worked with notable artists such as Allen Vizzutti and Victor Goines, they had played gigs at venues across town, and they had listened to the jazz masters who recorded the original songs that they were learning. All of this in an effort to be one of the top high school jazz bands in the nation. Would history repeat itself? Would they fall short? After being selected to attend EE, the band was ecstatic. The weight that had rested on their shoulders had been lifted; their work had paid off. Now only two weeks away from touching down on the tarmac in New York City, the band is still in awe. “It is something we have been working towards, and to have our names be on the list with all those other schools, it’s incredible,” says Peterson. Sharing this sentiment, a proud Doug Brown ties the band’s success to the prior year, “all of [this] came from wanting something, and not immediately getting it, and then having to double down and say ‘do I really want this or was I just talking about it?’” A true underdog story, the band is not expecting to win the competition, although that would be a bonus. However, they are eager, eager to play with other high school students and eager to learn from some of the best jazz musicians in the world. When asked if he was nervous to be standing in Rose Theater, central park in the background, with hundreds of other high schoolers silently watching, as Wynton Marsalis looks on, Peterson says, “It’s really nerve-racking, but we’ve been told all about how supportive the audience is, and at this point I’m just really excited to get up there and see what we can do.” As the guitarist in the ensemble, I have had the privilege of working alongside these extraordinary talents. I have shared the feeling of rejection, and I have contributed to the newfound success this year. While there is a tough road ahead as we prepare for EE, I am sure that we will bring our energy to meet the challenge. “Practice, resilience, and passion,” these are the three words Doug Brown used to describe the band, and these three words perfectly encapsulate the efforts of the band over the past two years. We have worked tirelessly, we have overcome the chip on our shoulders from last year, and we have thrown ourselves wholeheartedly into the music we love; this is how we made it and this how we will continue to be Middleton High School’s premiere jazz ensemble. Tags: 7 O'clock Jazz, Essentially Ellington Are you thinking about summer yet? Ever since September Summer? I love school AP tests and finals are the only thing I'm thinking about No, we still have over a month of school left I'm ready to sleep, swim, and soak up the sunshine Quiz: Could You Save The Earth From Thanos? Captain Marvel Review I Never Saw A Play Like This One What Does MHS Think of the Upcoming Films of 2019? The Oscars 2019: A Classic Controversy Our Town Brings Small-Town Americana to MHS Eight Emerging Artists to Keep an Eye On Why Everyone Should See Bohemian Rhapsody An Honest Review of Crazy Rich Asians Everything You Need to Know Before You See Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2659
__label__wiki	0.905259	0.905259	History of Saint Thomas In 1908, six founding families laid the cornerstone for the original small brick building that was to become St. Thomas. The membership grew to 90 families by 1916 when The Reverend Robert Bell was called as rector. Growing with the city, St. Thomas has developed its own personality, including a concern for youth, education for all, service to the community and support for the arts. The present 16th century Spanish-style church was completed under the leadership of The Reverend William McMurdo Brown, who became rector in 1929. In the 1950s, during The Reverend Gerald Graham's tenure, the Great Hall was added to create space for parish and community activities. The 60s were a tumultuous time for the country, Denver and Park Hill. Under the leadership of The Reverend Marion Hammond, St. Thomas met the challenge. Our building facilities were offered to many groups as the community struggled with issues such as civil rights, school desegregation and fair housing. Contemporary music became a St. Thomas signature under the direction of music director Robert Johnson. The building was designated an Historic Landmark by the City and County of Denver in 1977. In 1989 The Reverend Sandra Wilson succeeded Rev. Hammond and served as rector of St. Thomas for ten years. The Reverend Paul Spurlock served as rector from 2002 until his retirement at the end of January 2007. In May 2007 The Reverend Ruth Woodliff-Stanley was appointed as Priest-in Charge, becoming our rector in 2010, a position she held until November, 2015. She continued St. Thomas' themes of diversity, inclusiveness, service to the community and a loving welcome to all God's people. The Rev. Bob Hart came to St. Thomas as interim in December, 2015, and will remain with us as we search for a new rector.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2662
__label__cc	0.742292	0.257708	BREAKING NEWS: Asamoah Gyan and Gifty Gyan’s DNA Test Results out! ALL 3 kids are his! NewsEntertainment After many months of waiting and expectation, the DNA paternity test conducted on the children of embattled Black Stars Captain, Asamoah Gyan and his wife Gifty Gyan has been concluded and the results vindicate Gifty Gyan, MyNewsGh.com can authoritatively confirm. MyNewsGh.com intercepted the results of the DNA test conducted on the issues of the marriage between the couple and the details show that ALL the three kids come from one father— and it is Asamoah Gyan! According to a top official at Medilab who spoke to MyNewsGh.com on strict condition of anonymity, the DNA samples taken from the Gyans- Asamoah Gyan, Gifty Gyan and the three children (Frederick Gyan, Raphael Gyan and Ohemaa Gyan) proved 100% that the all the children belong to Asamoah Gyan. Also READ: The 4 little children of Ahmed Suale may not get help — Muslim Sheikh at funeral MyNewsGh.com was informed by the official that when Medilab Ghana took the samples from the Gyans, they sent it abroad to one of top-most reliable Diagnostic Laboratory in India where the test were conducted and the results show all the three kids were the Gyans. The DNA test was conducted at Medilab at Ridge in Accra on January 6th this year under the strict supervision of Asamoah Gyan’s elder brother, Baffour Gyan. Broke Asamoah and the Gyan children alimony While it was revealed earlier that Asamoah Gyan has reportedly refused to talk to Gifty or the three children since August 2018 when he filed for annulment in court, it is not immediately clear what impact this DNA results will have on the relationship with the kids. Asamoah Gyan who last year said he is “broke” also reportedly said he could only afford to give his wife who is resident in the UK and his three children Ghc3000 (500 pounds) every month. Asamoah Gyan only saw his children 2 or 3 times every year, when he visited them to take pictures to post on his social media or on their birthdays which he seldom made time for. He also visited his children and wife with a huge entourage everytime, making it impossible for the nuclear family to have quality time together which also contributed to the strain between the couple. Also READ: Gyan has proven unreliable, but if you don’t apologize, I won’t call you — Kwesi Appiah to KP Boateng About DNA test DNA paternity testing is the use of DNA profiling (known as genetic fingerprinting) to determine whether two individuals are biologically parent and child. A test establishes genetic proof whether a man is the biological father of an individual, and a maternity test establishes whether a woman is the biological mother of an individual. Tests can also determine the likelihood of someone being a biological grandparent to a grandchild. Though genetic testing is the most reliable standard, older methods also exist, including ABO blood group typing, analysis of various other proteins and enzymes, or using human leukocyte antigen antigens. The current techniques for paternity testing are using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Paternity testing can now also be performed while the woman is still pregnant from a blood draw. Source: MyNewsGh.com/Stephen Zoure/2019 Asamoah Gyan DNA TestFeature	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2667
__label__wiki	0.679025	0.679025	tiptoe through the teeth There are several Luna Parks in different parts of the world as well as one here in Sydney. Ours has had an interesting history since it opened in 1935. Through the years there have been quite a few famous visitors, including a certain Prince Philip of Greece, now the Duke of Edinburgh, who disgraced himself in 1945, while on shore leave, when he was escorted out of the River Caves ride after breaking the rules by getting out of his boat. The famous entrance face was designed by Rupert Browne. Luna Park has had several artists-in-residence since Rupert’s reign including Arthur Barton, S. John Ross and the infamous Martin Sharp. During Sharp’s residency, several teeth were stolen from the giant laughing face, the thief was never found. image: Martin Sharp In 1979 the tragic fire in the Luna Park Ghost Train claimed seven lives. Martin’s work on the Luna Park Face was ruined, and the park’s theme “Just for Fun” lost its meaning. Like many others, Martin firmly believes the fire was a deliberate act of terrorism aimed at destroying the park and establishing alternative interests. The reason for the arson attack is not hard to discern — Luna Park’s unique location on the northern foreshore of the harbour, adjacent to the north-western tower of the Harbour Bridge, made it a prize of inestimable value to property developers. Martin Sharp was also responsible for bringing Tiny Tim to Luna Park where he set a new world record for non-stop professional singing – two hours and fifteen minutes. Tiny was best known for his hit song Tiptoe Through the Tulips which he sung in a falsetto voice whilst accompanying himself on the ukulele. He was also well known for having married his first wife on the Johnny Carson Tonight Show; they named their daughter Tulip. Tiny may have had a touch of OCD, he certainly liked rubbing lotion on his skin. He used Eterna 27, Jergen’s body shampoo, Vaseline Intensive Care (yellow bottle) for his upper torso and Vaseline Intensive Care (green bottle) for the lower half. He applied Oil of Olay 8 times a day. on November 20, 2010 at 7:24 am Comments (31) Tags: artist, luna park, royalty, teeth, tiny tim, tulip The URI to TrackBack this entry is: https://nursemyra.wordpress.com/2010/11/20/tiptoe-through-the-teeth/trackback/ On November 20, 2010 at 8:01 am King Willy said: I worked with Martin on quite a few of Tiny’s records including a great version of Highway To Hell and The Icecaps Are Melting. Tiny was like a storehouse of obscure folk tunes and one party sat playing away for about eight straight hours. Oddly he was quite shy in fact. Martin also was working on his film about Luna Park which many suspect he will never finish, he had rolls of film everywhere and an old flatbead editor which looked like it came straight out of a 50’s sci-fi movie. Happy memories. On November 21, 2010 at 9:11 am nursemyra said: fascinating… tell us more On November 20, 2010 at 8:19 am Mitzi G Burger said: Luna Park is such a fun and frivolous place. Whoever tried to destroy it in 1979 was a total killjoy: like suburban tree-poisoners! I first went there in 1974 – still remember the outrage I felt when it closed at 6:00 pm On November 20, 2010 at 9:19 am kyknoord said: Tiny was clearly terrified of that hose. As am I On November 20, 2010 at 9:22 am Scott Oglesby said: I loved Tiny Tim. I used to listen to Stern every time he was on. He was not only talented, but endlessly entertaining. So I believe. I really only knew about Tiptoe Through the Tulips. On November 20, 2010 at 12:12 pm Bearman said: So is it still there? Yes indeed. come on down bearman. On November 20, 2010 at 12:39 pm healingmagichands said: What an interesting post. I love the way it wends from amusement park through darkest conspiracy to the light and joy that was Tiny Tim. On November 20, 2010 at 1:57 pm daisyfae said: i’d love to visit Luna, if it’s still around! if i were a ghost, i’d haunt an old amusement park! On November 20, 2010 at 4:09 pm bschooled said: Tiny Tim always scared me. I think it’s because growing up, I had a fear of ukeleles. Completely understandable. On November 20, 2010 at 9:37 pm Madame DeFarge said: That face petrifies me. How could anyone think that it spelt fun? Seems like something out of a Stephen King novel. Urgh. On November 20, 2010 at 9:54 pm Thomas said: The Ex-wife [TM] coerced me into getting a season pass to Six Flags Over Georgia for next year. This is of no relevance whatsoever to your post other than you got me thinking about roller coasters. On November 20, 2010 at 10:25 pm NickQ said: I’m pleased you revisited Tiny Tim after your reference a while ago. A great eccentric in a world fast running out of them. Thanks for the nudge Nick. I researched him because of your suggestion. Plan to see Winter’s bone this week too. On November 20, 2010 at 10:53 pm Seraphine said: i wonder why the duke of edinburgh got out of the boat? i’d love to hear his story. maybe he had bowel troubles. or was he looking for someplace quiet for a private tete-a-tete? perchance, he liked adventure. whatever happened, one should be “escorted” from a public place at least once in their life! hurruh for the duke! Yes, I too wondered about the back story but couldn’t find any more information. Perhaps The King can ask Martin Sharp for us. p.s. did i miss lingerie friday? It’s on an indefinite hiatus. but I did do a cheesecake Thursday last week. https://nursemyra.wordpress.com/2010/11/05/corset-friday-comes-a-cropper/ On November 20, 2010 at 11:11 pm Nicole said: I had not heard of Luna Park. It looks like a wonderful place! I want to visit! There’s one in New York too if you’re looking for one that doesn’t involve so much travel On November 21, 2010 at 12:03 am Dolce said: I want candy floss Want me to post you some darlin’? On November 21, 2010 at 2:15 am Ricardo said: Well at least he was well moisturized! No dry skin for Tiny Tim On November 21, 2010 at 3:11 am zmkc said: Surely ‘infamous’ is not fair – hasn’t it got a pejorative meaning, whereas Martin Sharp’s fairly fantastic – or have I missed some detail about him? You’re absolutely correct zkmc, very careless of me. I’ve amended it now, thanks for pointing it out. On November 22, 2010 at 3:00 pm Marvin said: Leave a Reply to Dolce Cancel reply	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2670
__label__wiki	0.939132	0.939132	PASTERNAK, FORMER FIRM MAY FACE NEW CHARGES By Jenny Anderson March 5, 2004 \| 5:00am In an unfriendly reminder of a dark chapter in Knight Trading’s past, the firm and its former CEO Kenneth Pasternak received notice from regulators that they might file civil charges against both entities. The SEC and NASD issued Wells notices to Pasternak and Knight – the largest market maker in small stocks on the Nasdaq – indicating the regulators could bring civil and administrative actions against the two for “trade activity, conduct, supervision and record-keeping” between 1999 until 2001, the company said in a statement. The regulators’ initiated an investigation into Knight Securities – now Knight Equity Markets – in mid-2002 after Knight’s former head of institutional trading, Robert Stellato, alleged that traders routinely engaged in front-running and other trading violations. Knight has denied the allegations of improper trading and continues to defend against the private litigation. In remarks made in late January, Knight CEO Thomas Joyce said three legal actions filed in response to the Stellato arbitration case had been dismissed. Pasternak, who currently runs a hedge fund in Woodcliff Lake, N.Y., could not be reached for comment yesterday by phone or fax. In a statement, Joyce said the notices “are important next steps toward resolving the outstanding regulatory inquiries and overcoming these legacy issues inherited by new management in May of 2002,” the month Joyce became Knight’s president and CEO. Pasternak was one of four execs who founded Knight Trading in 1995. At its height, the firm handled more than 11 percent of all orders for Nasdaq-listed stocks, and major Wall Street houses including Goldman Sachs and Lehman Brothers considered buying parts or all of the company. It went public in 1998, and Pasternak made millions. In 1999, he took home $19.4 million, and, in 2000, he earned $26 million. He stepped down as chairman and CEO in December 2001 as the company struggled with the market downturn that whacked Nasdaq stocks the hardest. At the time, Pasternak said he was contemplating a run for political office – the U.S House or Senate – in New Jersey. Instead, he set up a small hedge fund with friends and family called Chestnut Ridge Capital . Knight Trading Group lost $43.2 million in 2002 but turned that to a $38.5 million profit in 2003 under Joyce’s leadership. Knight’s tale Former Knight Trading Group honcho Kenneth Pasternak is being investigated by the SEC for possible violations of securities laws. * In 2001, his last full year as chairman of the biggest Nasdaq trading firm, Pasternak received $750,000 and a $3,442,000 bonus. * In 2000, he made $250,000 and a $26,213,000 bonus. * He owns $71,231,000 in Knight Trading stock. * He currently runs a hedge fund, Chestnut Ridge Capital, in Woodcliff Lake, N.J. BANNED JOHNNIE: I GOT PAID - RESERVE CENTER CLAIMS ECEIVIN...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2671
__label__wiki	0.57989	0.57989	State Bird of North Carolina: Cardinal By Steven Case NC Government & Heritage Library, 2011 Listen to this entry Related activity: State Bird Coloring Sheet The NC General Assembly of 1943 named the cardinal (cardinalis cardinalis) as the official State Bird of North Carolina (Session Laws, 1943, c. 595). Selection as the State Bird The choice of the cardinal was by no means certain at the beginning of the session. The North Carolina Bird Club initiated the campaign to choose a bird as a state symbol, publicizing the campaign through newspapers, local birding and wildlife clubs, and schools. More than 23,000 votes were cast, and twenty-six different avian candidates were suggested, including, among others, the red-winged blackbird, the wild turkey, the scarlet tanager, and the catbird. The cardinal received a plurality of 5000 votes, with the dove coming in second with 3395. Ten years earlier, the state had a different state bird, but only for a few days. At the suggestion of the North Carolina Federation of Women’s Clubs, the 1933 General Assembly passed Resolution 51, which designated the Carolina Chickadee as the official State Bird. However, a week later, the Assembly repealed the Resolution with Session Law 1933-521. The Chickadee’s nickname--the Tomtit--was considered too undignified, and legislators balked at the idea that North Carolina might become known as the "Tomtit State." About the Cardinal The Cardinal’s natural habitat currently extends over half of the United States, as far south as Belize and Guatemala, north into Canada, and as far west as North Dakota and southern Arizona. The male has year-round bright red plumage and a black face mask, while the female comes in various shades of brown, gray and red. Both males and females have strong short bills and a distinctive crest of head feathers. Primarily seed-eaters, cardinals will also eat insects, larvae, sap, and many types of fruit. Unlike most other bird species, in which only the male vocalizes, both cardinal genders sing--the males typically to attract mates or ward off intruders, and the female to signal the male to bring food for the nestlings. Cardinals, sometimes known as Redbirds or Northern Cardinals, are non-migratory, and have adapted easily to both city and suburban environments. In fact, both their numbers and their habitat range have grown as population pressures on other species, and the number of backyard birdfeeders, have increased. Their nests are generally concealed in hedgerows or vines, and monogamous couples can have up to 3 clutches of 2-5 eggs per year during the spring and summer. Six other states (Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Virginia, and West Virginia) have chosen the Cardinal as their state bird. North Carolina Session Laws, 1943. c. 595 S. B. 151 CHAPTER 595 AN ACT FOR THE ADOPTION OF A STATE BIRD. WHEREAS, North Carolina and Connecticut are the only states in the Union that have not adopted an official state bird; and WHEREAS, there is a wide-spread movement now on foot among the Bird Clubs, Garden Clubs, and many of the schools of the State, together with a large number of individuals, looking to the adoption of a state bird by the present Legislature, to which end the North Carolina Bird Club has, so far as it has been in its power, canvassed the State for votes on the selection of a suitable representative bird to be officially adopted; and WHEREAS, the Cardinal has received a decidedly larger number of votes than any other species: Now, therefore: The General Assembly of North Carolina do enact: Section 1. That the Cardinal shall be, and hereby is declared to be the official State Bird of North Carolina. Sec. 2. All laws and clauses of laws in conflict with this Act are hereby repealed. Sec. 3. This Act shall be in full force and effect from and after its ratification. Ratified this the 8th day of March, 1943. To learn more about the Cardinal, its habitat and habits, visit these resources: Northern Cardinal species page, BioKids, University of Michigan. http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Cardinalis_cardinalis/ Northern Cardinal species information, Guide to North American Birds, Audubon Society. https://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/northern-cardinal References and additional resources: "Cardinal." 2008. Nature Notebook. NC Museum of Natural Sciences. Accessed 2/2011. Online at http://www.naturalsciences.org/microsites/notebook/birds/cardinal.html. "Chickadee named as official bird." News & Observer (Raleigh), May 6, 1933, p. R1. "In defense of the Tomtit." News & Observer (Raleigh), May 12, 1933, p.4. "Northern Cardinal." 2009. All about birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Accessed 2/2011. Online at http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Northern_Cardinal/id. "Northern Cardinal." 2009. Audio/Video recordings of Cardinals singing. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Macaulay Library. Accessed 2/2011. Online at: http://macaulaylibrary.org/search.do?&searchTerm=cardinal "Northern Cardinal." 2010. Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed 2/2011. Online at http://www.eol.org/pages/1052070. "Official Bird." News & Observer (Raleigh), March 5, 1943, p. 18. "President's Message." The Chat: Bulletin of the North Carolina Bird Club. March, 1943, p. 17 "Under the Dome." News & Observer (Raleigh), February 10, 1943, p. 2. Logan, Korye. 2010. "Northern cardinals male & female." Accessed 2/2011. Online at Flickr at https://www.flickr.com/photos/30499760@N00/4462812700/ Case, Steven Origin - location: Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina. 1 June 2007 \| Case, Steven oool!!! i thote it was the Permalink Submitted by elsa (not verified) on Tue, 08/26/2014 - 10:31 oool!!! i thote it was the egill!! Permalink Submitted by damian (not verified) on Fri, 03/27/2015 - 08:57 wow this is neat. i never Permalink Submitted by Emma whits (not verified) on Tue, 05/27/2014 - 18:28 wow this is neat. i never seen anything like it. my teacher let us get on this site today and im on it now. exactly 5-27-2014 at 6:26pm. so hope yall have a great day(s)! love emma whits This told me nothing Permalink Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Fri, 03/28/2014 - 15:17 I am doing a project about Permalink Submitted by Abigale Brown (not verified) on Tue, 03/25/2014 - 19:38 I am doing a project about cardinals and I got 8 notes! thanks Hmm, I have learned so Much Permalink Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Mon, 11/25/2013 - 14:02 Hmm, I have learned so Much about the state bird Cardinal It has a Very Intreseting life, Behind it. I was Expecting the Female to have a Lighter, Colour but i guess not. The female looks like a Seagal. Permalink Submitted by Abby (not verified) on Wed, 10/23/2013 - 14:46 its pretty interesting Permalink Submitted by artisha (not verified) on Tue, 05/28/2013 - 13:34 Permalink Submitted by b (not verified) on Wed, 05/23/2012 - 09:55 IKR Permalink Submitted by Prince (not verified) on Wed, 04/03/2013 - 09:38 PLEASE NOTE: NCpedia will not publish personal contact information in comments, questions, or responses. If you would like a reply by email, please note thats some email servers are blocked from accepting messages from outside email servers or domains. These often include student email addresses from public school email accounts. If you prefer not to leave an email address, check back at your NCpedia comment for a reply. Please allow one business day for replies from NCpedia. Complete guidelines are available at http://ncpedia.org/comments. Type "Cardinal": *	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2673
__label__cc	0.604524	0.395476	District of Kaoma, Zambia (Africa) Review the downloadable information of our sister city, the District of Kaoma, Zambia (PDF). Izushi, Japan The City of Nelson signed a Sister City Agreement with Shuzenji on May 1, 1987, which was amended in 2005 to reflect the name change of our sister city to Izushi. The agreement is displayed in the front offices of City Hall and reads as follows: The Agreement for the Establishment of a Sister Relationship between the City of Nelson, B.C. Canada and the City of Shuzenji, Shizuoka, Japan. The City of Nelson, British Columbia in Canada and the City of Shuzenji, Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan shall endeavour to deepen friendship and mutual understanding between the two cities through educational, cultural, industrial and commercial exchanges, promote the welfare of the citizens of both cities, and holding the firm belief that it will strengthen the ties of friendship between Japan and Canada and that it will contribute toward the peace and prosperity of the world, do hereby pledge, with the approval of the municipal assembly on either side, to cooperate with each other as sister cities. In witness whereof, this agreement is signed on this first day of May in the year nineteen hundred and eighty seven. Flourishing Relationship This relationship has flourished since then, spearheaded by the Izushi Friendship Society. Numerous exchanges of visitors between Izushi and Nelson residents have taken place, and the Society continues to be involved in many activities. The Japanese gardens in Cottonwood Falls Park were officially opened in the fall of 2006. Although the lion's share of the work has been done, volunteers are responsible for the garden upkeep. The stone lantern at the garden was donated by the city of Izushi. The city of Izushi has also made substantial financial donations to our Nelson Fire Hall museum. Each spring, a group of Izushi Friendship Society members visits Izushi for about two weeks. During the visit, our Nelson ambassadors visit hot springs, rice fields, strawberry greenhouses, shitake mushroom farms, temples, gardens and other Japanese sites. If you have questions regarding our Society, please call Bruce Walgren, 250-352-7110. Correspondence can be mailed to the Nelson-Izushi Friendship Society, c/o Bruce Walgren, P.O. Box 230, Nelson BC V1L 5P9. Jumelage: Baie-Saint-Paul, Quebec & Nelson The term “jumelage” means twinning in French. Baie-Saint-Paul lies on the St. Lawrence River in the Charlevoix region north of Quebec City. It is a beautiful, atmospheric little city, designated as a Cultural Capital of Canada. Baie-Saint-Paul is well known for the nearby Le Massif ski resort and stunning visual artists. Its most famous product is the fabulous Circleque de Soleil, which originated from the circus tradition in the community. With the help of L'Association des Francophones des Kootenays Ouest (AFKO) and the Quebec Secretariat of Inter-governmental Affairs, a cultural twinning was established between Nelson and this picturesque community. Mayor Jean Fortin and a team visited Nelson in March 2008 and through a series of focus group discussions on economic and social development, culture, health, agro-tourism, youth, education and environment, resolved with Nelson and AFKO to continue the relationship. A Nelson team consisting of the mayor, a member of city council, the city manager and AFKO's executive director visited Quebec in May 2008 and enjoyed the hospitality of the city and the Charlevoix region. Community Exchanges In March 2009 Mayor Fortin returned to Nelson with a Baie-Saint-Paul student to participate in an “Eco-Existence” forum organized by AFKO. Later that year a touring exhibit called “10-10-10” was mounted in the Nelson Library: the works of 10 artists from 10 provinces were commissioned to tour the country as part of Baie-Saint-Paul's Cultural Capital program. Since then the two cities have exchanged locally produced films and other cultural materials. We have certainly learned from Baie-Saint-Paul how our visual artists can be exposed in unusual ways, and our new Cultural Development Commission is currently exploring some of those ideas. To learn more about Baie-Saint-Paul, please visit their website. Chamber of Commerce Visitor Information Centre Nelson, BC V1L 4G8 Chamber of Commerce Visitor Information Centre Website Chamber of Commerce: Visitor Information Centre Leisure Guide Nelson and District Community Complex Touchstones Nelson: Museum of Art and History	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2674
__label__wiki	0.648408	0.648408	London to get £87.6 million boost from local community fibre broadband schemes Press release • Mar 12, 2018 10:15 GMT Faster broadband boosts house prices and business success as well as providing a range of social benefits for rural communities, according to independent report London is expected to get a multi-million pound boost from an initiative which sees local communities forming partnerships with Openreach to bring high-speed fibre broadband to rural homes and businesses. An independent study published today estimates that Openreach’s Community Fibre Partnerships (CFP) programme will be worth £87.6 million to the region over the next 15 years. The report, by Regeneris Consulting, highlights the huge business, residential and social benefits provided by the partnerships, which are calculated to be worth, on average, £800,000 to each community. Across the UK more than 500 communities have already signed up to the CFP programme, of which around 40 are in London. The CFP programme enables communities wanting faster speeds, but not included in any fibre broadband roll-out plans, to jointly fund an upgrade to fibre alongside Openreach, the business responsible for Britain’s largest phone and broadband network. The report‘The Impact of High-Speed Broadband for Communities’ examines the economic impact of Community Fibre Partnerships on businesses and households over 15 years and the social benefits over seven and a half years. For London businesses, improvements in productivity, efficiency, flexible working, innovation and finding new markets and customers are expected to be worth more than £46 million; whilst households get economic and social benefits worth about £41 million. The boost to the value of a residential property when fibre broadband is provided is highlighted. For the UK as a whole, it is estimated to account for £100 million of the £340 million economic boost expected to be generated by Community Fibre Partnerships nationwide. Positive social benefits as a result of the CFP programme include better access to employment opportunities and on-line healthcare. More information on community fibre partnerships with Openreach is available at www.communityfibre.openreach.co.uk Simon Hooton, director at Manchester-based Regeneris Consulting, said: “Despite delivery challenges in more rural areas, high speed broadband is vital to the prospects of communities across the UK. This report shows the breadth and scale of benefits generated when you bring high speed connectivity into those communities for the first time. “The evidence from the latest research, and from residents and businesses themselves, is that broadband opens up new opportunities which enhance people’s lives and can have a positive impact on their health and the environment around them.” David Jordan, Openreach’s director for next generation access, South of England, said: “The tremendous power of fibre broadband is made very clear in this report. It’s heartening to see the many benefits that these partnerships are giving to our communities in so many different ways. This technology is making a major contribution to the future success and prosperity of people across London. More than 3.3 million London households and businesses now have access to superfast fibre broadband – but we recognise there is more to do. We are committed to making faster broadband as widely available as possible.” The full report is available at www.communityfibre.openreach.co.uk/resources/ About Openreach Openreach is Britain’s digital network business. We’re 30,400 people who connect homes, mobile phone masts, schools, shops, banks, hospitals, libraries, broadcasters, governments and businesses - large and small - to the world. Our mission is to build the best possible network, with the highest quality service, making sure that everyone in Britain can be connected. We work on behalf of more than 590 communications providers like SKY, TalkTalk, Vodafone, and BT, and our fibre broadband network is the biggest in the UK, passing more 27 million premises. We’re also the platform for Britain’s thriving digital economy, which is the largest in the G20. We’re working hard to give people the speeds they need to run and enjoy their daily lives. Over the last decade, we’ve invested more than £11 billion into our network and we now manage more than 160 million kilometres of cable stretching from Scotland to Cornwall, from Wales to the east coast. And we’re continuing to take that network further - making superfast broadband speeds available to thousands more homes and businesses every week. Openreach is a wholly owned and independently governed division of the BT Group, and it is a highly regulated business, with more than 90 per cent of our revenues generated from services that are regulated by Ofcom. Any company can access our products under exactly the same prices, terms and conditions. For the year ended 31 March 2017, we reported revenues of £5.1bn. For more information, visitopenreach.co.uk Engineering industryInnovations, inventionsNetwork productsTechnology, generalTelecomTelecommunication, mobile telephony LondonCommunity Fibre PartnershipRegeneris	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2680
__label__wiki	0.77306	0.77306	The Rise in Food Allergies is Changing the Work of School Nurses By Bram Sable-Smith • Jan 24, 2017 4-year-old Haven Brown dances in the nurse's office at the Julia Goldstein Early Childhood Education Center in University City, Mo. Brown is one of the growing number of students in Missouri with a food allergy. Bram Sable-Smith / KBIA/Side Effects Public Media Every morning Pat Wilson walks down the hall from her office in the Julia Goldstein Early Childhood Education Center through the gym and into a part of the building not typically associated with a school nurse: the kitchen. There, she checks a list—posted on the side of the stainless steel refrigerator—of all the students in the school with a food allergy. “It’s constantly being updated,” Wilson says. Wilson’s been a school nurse for 20 years. She’s the lead nurse in the University City School District just outside of St. Louis, she’s also president of the Missouri Association of School Nurses. The biggest change she’s seen in her profession, she says, is the rising number of students food allergies. It’s part of a trend that’s shifting the role of school nurses towards managing the rising number of chronic conditions in children across the county. Tracking Kids’ Allergies Through school nurses like Wilson, the state of Missouri has collected an almost unparalleled inventory of health information on the state’s students for the past decade. In that time, they’ve documented an almost 250 percent jump in the rate of students with a life-threatening allergy—most of those are food allergies. Growing awareness could account for some of the rise documented in Missouri, says Marshall Plaut who studies food allergies at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. “People are reporting food allergies more because they are more aware of food allergy as an issue,” he says. But allergies really are rising around the country and across the western hemisphere. That’s especially true with peanut allergies, which Plaut says appear to have seen a 200 percent increase in prevalence, although he notes more non-self-reported data—like skin tests and IgE levels—would be needed to determine an exact number. Still, the rate is increasing and one reason could be something called the ‘hygiene hypothesis’—basically as young children are exposed to fewer infectious agents growing up, their immune systems don’t work as well, leaving them more susceptible to developing allergic diseases. For schools, all of this means there is growing concern about exposing kids to allergens. Nationally about 8 percent of children could have a food allergy—meaning in every classroom of 30 students, two or three would have one. At the same time, school nurses are seeing a rise in other chronic conditions as well. “The numbers are quoted quite often,” says Evilia Jankowski, president of the Michigan Association of School Nurses. “Three kids with asthma in every classroom of 30. Two kids with some sort of life-threatening allergies. I think the latest [numbers] I’ve seen for diabetes is like one in 100.” “Our numbers are increasing,” she adds, and that’s reshaping the role of school nurses. In addition to triaging the scrapes, aches and illnesses that typically send students to the nurse’s office, school nurses are increasingly taking the lead on coordinating student care between teachers, parents and the school. They’re educating school staff on emergency procedures like using EpiPens, and even coordinating with cafeteria managers to make sure students aren’t exposed to foods that could make them sick. “We have a huge amount of students with chronic health conditions that we didn’t have 23 years ago,” Jankowski says. “The focus and scope of our work has changed dramatically.” For Pat Wilson in University City, that means checking the list of children with food allergies every morning. One name on the list is Haven Brown, a 4-year-old whose favorite foods include broccoli, carrots and macaroni. But there’s a long list of foods that could trigger Haven’s eczema that she’s learning to stay away from. “Do you eat fish?” Haven’s father Joshua Brown asks. “No!” she responds. “Right, because what happens when you eat fish?” “I get scratchy.” Eggs, yeast and some citrus fruits have a similar effect. When she gets into an itching fit, Joshua Brown says, “the learning stops.” Wilson has put plans in place for students like Haven. She’s trained the teachers on keeping potentially allergic foods out of the classroom—homemade cakes to celebrate birthdays are a ‘no-no’—and on emergency procedures. She’s in frequent contact with schools parents. And every day she checks the list of student allergies against the day’s menu. “It’s all about keeping the children safe,” Wilson says. “That’s just the bottom line, making sure the students are educated and everyone is safe. That’s my primary focus.” This story was produced by Side Effects Public Media. Copyright 2019 Side Effects Public Media. To see more, visit Side Effects Public Media. Side Effects Public Media University City School District	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2682
__label__wiki	0.530142	0.530142	Beyond “Taming” the Tech Giants by Wendy Liu (@dellsystem) on December 1, 2018 Photo taken by the author at the protest outside Uber’s London office on October 9th, 2018 This talk was originally delivered at the DECODE Symposium in Barcelona on October 16, 2018, as part of a session called “Taming the Tech Giants: Responses to Digital Trade Wars and Monopoly Power”. This transcript has been lightly edited for clarity. My contribution to this panel will be less about the details [of how to tame the tech giants] and more about the bigger picture of what’s wrong with the way things are. I don’t know a lot about trade policy or international regulation. Instead, I’d like to take a step back to analyse the [broader] problems with the increasingly dystopian world we live in today. And in this analysis, I see the problems with the tech giants as requiring larger structural transformations [than merely “taming” the tech giants]. Transformations that require changing the way this discussion is framed altogether. There’s a tendency, in the discourse around technology regulation, to implicitly accept the terms that these corporations set. We buy into the narrative that they want us to believe1: that these corporations are the only possible stewards of innovation, and so deserve to profit handsomely as a result. This creates a situation where even if we try to rein in their worst excesses, rarely do we doubt their right to exist in the first place. And I think this constrains our imagination. It limits possible solutions to things like codes of ethics2, more taxation, more consumer rights. But rarely do these solutions go beyond cosmetic tweaks. The underlying causes of the problem - their accumulated power and their role in propping up an increasingly lopsided economy - remain untouched.3 So what’s actually happening, behind the scenes? These companies have made use of technological advances - often funded ultimately by the state4 - and capitalised on them, quite literally. Through a combination of early mover advantage, network effects, and zero marginal costs of production, they’ve established themselves as middlemen to the digital realm. They dictate our terms of access in a way that has proven extremely lucrative, accumulating not just wealth but also power. Over users, over competitors, over whole industries. And they’re pouring their massive resources into developing technology not according to social need, but according to what they think will eventually make them money. What makes the situation even more complicated is the transnational dimension, making it hard for any one nation state to tackle it effectively. The problems with taxation are already well-established, resulting from these companies being able to shift their immaterial assets according to wherever they get the lowest tax rate. But that’s just a symptom of a larger phenomenon of globalised capital. The wealth that fuels Silicon Valley, through venture capital and subsequent stock market holdings, isn’t bounded by national borders. Though a lot of this money was originally American, mostly due to the United States’ outsized role in the global economy post-WWII5, increasingly it’s been coming from everywhere else (e.g., sovereign wealth funds from Norway to Saudi Arabia - often the result of oil money6). Now, if we consider why this global capital is flowing into Silicon Valley - why so many investors think that investing in technology will bring returns - then Silicon Valley’s role in the contemporary economy becomes quite clear. It is a way to make returns to capital on a macro scale at a time when the rest of the economy appears increasingly lethargic. Even if that’s not what the founders or employees of these companies want or even realise, that is the role that Silicon Valley has taken on: that of advancing the interests of capital. If, as David Harvey says, we can think of neoliberalism as a class project7, then Silicon Valley is, in a way, the industrial manifestation of neoliberalism applied to technology. It’s the digital embodiment of neoliberal governance and ideology8. Which means that Silicon Valley, too, is fundamentally a class project. Its goal is to increase returns to capital while simultaneously disempowering labour. And so if we use the term “Silicon Valley” as a shorthand for this class of corporations - who hide behind the mask of technological innovation as a cover for exploitation - then we can’t just stop at trying to reform Silicon Valley, by breaking up a few companies and implementing some new regulations. Tackling the problem at the root requires that we abolish Silicon Valley9. Now, I know that’s a provocative statement. And it’s admittedly not a small project. It requires a fundamental transformation of the way technology is developed so that it’s done for the public good, not in a geographically-concentrated way for the purpose of generating shareholder value. Any sort of technology that has the ability to mint a trillion company10 is too powerful to be left to corporate control. We know the dark costs of that - we know that the profits accrued through deploying this technology don’t just materialise out of thin air. As much as Silicon Valley likes to market itself as digital and virtual and immaterial, it’s ultimately still rooted in material conditions - that is, global value chains of commodity production. After all, iPhones don’t make themselves; they require coltan miners in the Congo and factory workers in China.11 And when it comes to advertising-based companies like Google and Facebook - who love to act as if their profits come from thin air, through their sheer innovative brilliance - well, their profits come from getting a cut of the costs of commodities that are actually being sold. Which means they are as complicit in these global neo-imperialist chains of commodity production as companies they like to think of themselves as morally superior to. They may not have been originally responsible for creating these global value chains, but by virtue of their position at the top of these chains as gateways to digital advertising, they have become embedded in them, and are profiteering from them in a way that entrenches them.12 What this should remind us is that when we talk about taxing these companies fairly or regulating them better, we shouldn’t limit ourselves to just thinking about consumers.13 We also have to think about workers14, including those who are employed in nonstandard relationships15 or who are only indirectly employed through these global value chains. Often we’re used to a very narrow conception of “tech worker” as the software developers or managers involved directly in the production of technology at these companies, but such a view is reductive and ultimately misguided.16 Anyone who works in the industry - from highly-paid software developers, to bus drivers and security guards, to Amazon warehouse workers, to Facebook’s content moderators in the Philippines - is involved in the creation of value, and so their labour is being exploited by these tech companies, directly or not. As a result, they deserve decent working conditions, collective representation, and a say in how their labour is used. This is a crucial point that I find is often neglected in the discourse. If Silicon Valley is a class project, then tackling it - abolishing it - means changing the balance of class forces, tipping it away from capital and in favour of labour. That’ll require an ecosystem of different tactics and approaches: we’ll need worldwide labour movements to build worker power from below, pushing for democratisation of the industry from the perspective of workers in order to challenge the current system where an executive in California makes product decisions to maximise shareholder value and not social value. At the same time, we’ll also need policy responses to slowly start taking lucrative technologies out of the capital-accumulation process,17 through whatever means and locality necessary, and building public, democratically-controlled alternatives on a municipal, national, and international level. Overall, I think the only way to understand Silicon Valley is through a structural analysis. The problems we’ve seen in Silicon Valley are not necessarily unique to Silicon Valley. Silicon Valley may have its own peculiarities stemming from its ideological and geopolitical underpinnings, but ultimately, it’s exposing problems with the corporate form itself, as the virtual structure of capital. Capital’s destructive tendencies are simply magnified and accelerated by these technologies now available. The people who manage to make money in this field aren’t uniquely evil - in fact, you could say that many of them are more idealistic than people who work in finance or similarly high-paying industries. The point is that the sector is, as of now, structurally set up to quash any idealistic notions. Part of this has to do with the way Silicon Valley is entwined with the financial industry. More generally, it’s about serving capital through the shell form of a corporation. Technology that could potentially have had emancipatory potential is instead being made the servant of the corporation, enabling capital’s need to monopolise and commodify everything it touches. Consequently, challenging this state of affairs requires more than replacing some CEOs or adding some more regulations - which, after all, these companies are structurally incentivised to get around18. Tougher regulation without a change in the balance of class forces - and an alternative economic and social landscape - isn’t enough. Any movement to hold these companies to account, to really tackle the problems at the root by diminishing their power, needs to be about class struggle. It’s becoming increasingly clear that the current system, which benefits the owners of the platforms a lot more than it benefits everyone else, is sub-optimal. And just as in any hierarchical and unfair system, those on top need to make us believe that they are needed. Unfortunately, in our current ideological landscape - where private enterprise is glorified and public services are constantly being attacked - it’s an easy argument to make. Capitalist realism19 tells us that there is no alternative to exposing every aspect of our lives to the vicissitudes of the market, to tolerating the growth of a few mega corporations over whom we have no democratic control. We start to believe its central premise: that agency is only possible on the level of the consumer and not as a collective. There are times when it’s hard to imagine an alternative, because our present socioeconomic landscape feels eternal and unchangeable. But, to paraphrase a quote from the late science fiction writer Ursula K. Le Guin, so, too, did the divine right of kings. Feudalism had similar patterns of wealth distribution, if slightly less social mobility than the state we’re in now. Today’s economy - call it surveillance capitalism20, or platform capitalism, or just plain old capitalism - is governed by different principles, of meritocracy and myths of wealth creation rather some divine birthright. But ultimately it’s just as suspect, and its moral justifications are starting to come apart. So what’s the alternative to this current system of corporate monoliths who use technology that should belong to us in common for their own profit? What should we be aiming for instead? For me, the answer has to involve democracy. We need democratic control over this technology in a way that cannot be done in the current conception of these corporation - in a way that is deliberately not permissible within these corporate structures. This means freeing the means of development of technology from corporate fetters and returning it back to the public realm where it belongs - where it can be democratically governed and used for social good. We can’t let these companies commodify more and more of our lives in exchange for creating some mostly subpar jobs and boosting GDP. We need to fight our way to a world without them. In May, I delivered a talk at John McDonnell’s State of the Economy conference that illuminates the gap between the mainstream discourse around technology and what’s actually happening. A transcript of that talk, titled Technological Development For The Many, was later published by New Socialist. ↩ Some of the arguments in this talk build on my piece for the first issue of Tribune Magazine, titled “Abolish Silicon Valley”. Sadly, the article is not yet publicly accessible online, so you’ll have to subscribe (print or digital) get access to it for the time being. I am not happy about this state of affairs, as I very much believe that information should be free, but I also recognise that existing (as a socialist publication) in a capitalist world requires some compromises, so please do subscribe if you can. ↩ When I say “codes of ethics”, I’m really talking about any solution that expects executives to make “ethical” decisions out of the goodness of their hearts without considering structural incentives. One prominent recent example: soon after I gave this talk, the New York Times published an op-ed by veteran technology journalist titled Who Will Teach Silicon Valley to Be Ethical?, in which Swisher advocates the appointment of “chief ethics officers” at tech companies (which would probably be taken about as seriously as “chief diversity officers” - that is to say, not very). I apologise if this is self-aggrandising, but I’d like to quote some prescient bits from my Abolish Silicon Valley article: “In the coming years, you’ll read a lot of columns agonising over how to ‘fix’ Silicon Valley. Most will be technocratic, evacuating politics from the discussion. […] But structural problems require structural solutions. Rather than relying on ‘ethical’ founders or investors to change the system, we need collective action to challenge it.” ↩ If you want to read more on this, Mariana Mazzucato’s 2013 book The Entrepreneurial State is probably the seminal work in this field. If you just want a short summary, this Jacobin article by Tony Smith is an excellent place to start. ↩ Nick Srnicek’s 2016 book Platform Capitalism is a great short read on the political economy of investment in technology platforms. ↩ For more details on the relationship between Saudi Arabian money and Silicon Valley, see this article: “The biggest deals [made by Saudi Arabia’s sovereign wealth fund] of the last two years have been investment rounds backing Silicon Valley startups.” ↩ This video featuring David Harvey at The World Transformed in September 2018 has a lovely 2-minute explanation of what that means. See also the transcript of a much longer interview for Jacobin, titled “Neoliberalism Is a Political Project”. ↩ The language here is a little clunky, for which I apologise. I still haven’t worked out a nice and succinct way of putting this. If you’ve come across good takes on the relationship between Silicon Valley and neoliberalism, please send them my way. ↩ A brief genealogy of this abolition-based framing (meant initially as a joke): I first tweeted it out in June, around the time when calls to abolish ICE were at a peak. Soon after, I appeared on two different podcasts which both decided to use “Abolish Silicon Valley” in their episode title, and in August, I wrote an article for the first issue of Tribune titled “Abolish Silicon Valley”. And now, I’m working on a book for Repeater that is tentatively titled - you guessed it - “Abolish Silicon Valley”. ↩ In August, Apple became the first public company to be valued at $1 trillion USD. A few weeks after that, Amazon briefly joined the ranks of the trillion-dollar club before settling back down to just below the threshold. More generally, it’s a bit of a truism in the tech world that deploying technology intelligently can result in massive amounts of wealth, and that this outcome is inevitable (and even good, to some degree). Sam Altman, president of startup accelerator Y Combinator (and, sadly, one of the more progressive figures in the field), has said: “We need to be ready for a world with trillionaires in it […] It feels unfair to me. But to drive society forward, you’ve got to let that happen.” ↩ Lots has been written on this topic in the media & communications studies field in particular. Christian Fuchs has a number of books and edited collections touching on this area, including Marx in the Age of Digital Capitalism (Haymarket, 2017; co-edited with Vincent Mosco) and Digital Labour and Karl Marx (Routledge, 2013). For a short introduction to Fuchs’ work, check out Digital Labor and Imperialism, a Monthly Review article from 2016. ↩ David Quentin wrote an article touching on this for New Socialist last year, through the lens of tax avoidance by multinationals and where value is actually created along these global supply chains. I also really like Dmytri Kleiner’s writing on this topic: “the paying customers are the advertisers, and what is being sold are the users themselves, not their content. This means that the source of value that becomes Facebook’s profits is the work done by the workers in the global fields and factories, who are producing the commodities being advertised to Facebook’s audience.” For a more visual depiction of this process, see this tweet. ↩ Most existing and proposed regulation that I’ve seen is consumer-centric, partly because mechanisms for enforcing consumer protection law are stronger than equivalent mechanisms for enforcing labour standards. GDPR is a great example of this - an attempt to engineer a (slightly) better experience for consumers without tackling the structural dominance of the tech giants. That’s not to say that consumer-focused regulation is bad, per se; the point is that it’s not enough, especially if it isn’t deliberately designed to chip away at the power of tech monopolies. ↩ Another way of putting this that we have to look beyond the surface-level view, characterised by our relationship to commodities as consumers, and descend into what Marx called the “hidden abode of production”. ↩ By this, I mean those whose work is mediated by gig economy platforms like Uber and Deliveroo, as well as those who are employed as contractors for other tech companies in all sorts of roles. For more on the gig economy aspect, see my piece on it for New Socialist last year; for more on contractors employed by other tech companies - especially those working on tech company campuses - see my recent piece on Silicon Valley’s shadow workforce for Notes From Below. ↩ This piece for Notes From Below (by Jason Prado of the Tech Workers Coalition) does a great job breaking down the various types of workers in the tech industry and outlines a useful strategy for how it can be organised. ↩ I came across this framing in an interview with Robert McChesney for the previous issue of Catalyst, which I found to be a helpful way to conceptualise the options. For McChesney, given the monopolistic tendencies of these companies, there are really only two options. One is to let them remain private, but impose heavy regulation to limit their profits (in short, treating them as utilities), which McChesney doesn’t see as particularly achievable. The alternative, according to McChesney, “is to nationalize them or municipalize them. You take them out of the capital-accumulation process, you set them up as independent, nonprofit, noncommercial concerns.” ↩ Evgeny Morozov has an excellent article in the Guardian on this exact point: “The problem with regulating technology companies is that, faced with tough new rules, they can eventually innovate their way out, often by switching to newer, unregulated technologies. The risk of targeted regulation informed by little other than economic doctrines might even be fuelling a corporate quest for eternal disruption: instead of surrendering to the regulators, technology firms prefer to abandon their old business model.” Compounding the problem are the suspect financial motives of the “experts” who are called to testify during hearings. This FastCompany article, titled Should we break up the tech giants? Not if you ask the economists who take money from them, explains: “This week’s FTC hearings on the growing power of companies like Amazon, Facebook, and Google only included economists who have taken money, directly and indirectly, from giant corporations that have a stake in the debate.” ↩ The title of an incredibly illuminating book by Mark Fisher, who wrote a lovely piece explaining the concept for STRIKE! Magazine. Highly recommended. ↩ A term popularised by Shoshana Zuboff in her 2015 paper “Big other: surveillance capitalism and the prospects of an information civilization”, and which will be developed further in her upcoming book, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. ↩ Wendy Liu (@dellsystem) Wendy is an editor for the economics section. She is a former startup founder who now writes about the political economy of the tech industry and why tech workers need to unionise. She goes by @dellsystem for fairly prosaic reasons. New Socialist is, and will always be, not for profit. Help us sustain and develop this project by subscribing on Patreon or Donorbox. Donorbox Help us sustain and develop this project by subscribing on Patreon. Tackling the platforms: on IPPR's Digital Commonwealth report Top-down regulation, bottom-up resistance, or some combination of the two? A response to IPPR's new report on technology platforms by Wendy Liu / Sept. 14, 2018 / Economics Technological Development For The Many A transcript of a talk delivered at the technology breakout session of John McDonnell's State of the Economy conference at Imperial College by Wendy Liu / May 19, 2018 / Economics	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2683
__label__wiki	0.68125	0.68125	Hilton to Introduce Two New Brands to Kuwait at The Avenues Mall Conrad Hotels & Resorts and Hilton Garden Inn hotels part of $900 million fourth phase expansion of Kuwait’s largest mall August 24, 2016 Middle East & Africa Waleed Alsharian, Chief Executive Officer of Mabanee Company K.P.S.C (left), and Carlos Khneisser, Vice President Development ME & North Africa, Hilton Worldwide, sign the agreements for Conrad and Hilton Garden Inn hotels at The Avenues Mall, Kuwait: Conrad Hotels & Resorts. Download Article Photos Property SpotlightConrad Kuwait Photo GalleryHilton to Introduce Two New Brands to Kuwait at The Avenues (Gallery) KUWAIT CITY, Kuwait and MCLEAN, Va. - Hilton and Al-Rai Real Estate Co - owned by Mabanee Co - announced plans today which will see Conrad Hotels & Resorts, Hilton's smart luxury hotel brand, and midscale Hilton Garden Inn open their doors to guests in early 2019. The development forms part of an ambitious expansion project which will see almost $1billion devoted towards solidifying the position of The Avenues Mall in Kuwait City as one of the world's top retail destinations. Rudi Jagersbacher, president, Middle East, Africa & Turkey for Hilton Worldwide, said: "We're delighted to be working with Al-Rai as part of the fourth phase expansion of The Avenues. With its number of shopping outlets set to increase by nearly 50%, demand for accommodation at a site which already attracts millions of visitors every year is set to increase substantially. Our Conrad and Hilton Garden Inn brands will enable us to cater for guests seeking either smart luxury or affordable accommodations during their stay." Both hotels will be managed by Hilton Worldwide and will be located on opposite sides of the mall. The complex itself is located off Kuwait's fifth ring road (now named Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Road) allowing ease of access to junctions connecting to both Kuwait International Airport and Kuwait City. Mr. Mohammad Alshaya, chairman, Mabanee said: "In planning the fourth phase of the expansion of this immense project, one of the most exciting additions, we are making is to provide the ability for visitors to make their stays easier by staying inside Avenues itself." He added: "Having hotels as part of The Avenues development will enhance the quality of the experience and the service we provide to our visitors. This will in turn support internal tourism and also place Kuwait on the regional tourism map. We have seen increasing numbers of visitors from abroad, in particular from the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, and this is a strong indication of the revival of tourism in the country." Mr. Waleed Alsharian, chief executive officer, Mabanee said: "We believe Hilton is the ideal partner to provide accommodation to match the expectations of our luxury shoppers while also providing more affordable alternative as we continue to diversify our retail and entertainment offering." Conrad Kuwait This 158-guestroom luxury property will form part of the extension of the Mall's popular 'Prestige' district, which opened in 2012. The district forms Kuwait's largest luxury shopping destination, home to 47 luxury retail units under a 23 metre dome. The hotel will feature a ballroom, multiple dining options, and an outdoor pool and spa. The hotel's design concept will complement the Prestige district's use of copper and rare 'Portoro' stone, imported from the mountains of Italy. Hilton Garden Inn Kuwait Adjoining two of the new districts being created under the fourth phase expansion, Hilton Garden Inn Kuwait will become the brand's largest hotel in the Europe, Middle East, and Africa region. Boasting 430 guestrooms in an imposing tower structure at the Northern end of the Mall, the main entrance of the property will be located in 'The Forum' which will provide a central meeting point within the mall. The property will also border the new 'Electra' district set to create a vibrant international atmosphere inspired by the bright lights and high technology of cities such as Tokyo and Hong Kong. Jim Holthouser, executive vice president, global brands, Hilton Worldwide, said: "The Avenues is a truly world-class destination and a fitting home to two of our world-class brands. Both have celebrated landmark openings in the Middle East this year, with Conrad becoming our first luxury brand to welcome guests to Makkah, while Hilton Garden Inn has debuted at another of the region's flagship retail spaces, Dubai's Mall of the Emirates. We look forward to adding Kuwait to both portfolios." Both properties will participate in Hilton HHonors®, the only guest rewards program that allows members to earn Points & Miles® for the same stay and redeem points for free nights with No Blackout Dates at more than 4,700 hotels worldwide. Learn more about Conrad Hotels & Resorts at www.conradhotels.com. Media can access renderings of Conrad Kuwait and additional property information at news.conradhotels.com/kuwait. About Conrad Hotels & Resorts Spanning more than five continents with nearly 35 properties, Conrad Hotels & Resorts has created a seamless connection between contemporary design, leading innovation and curated art to inspire the entrepreneurial spirit of the globally connected traveler. Conrad is a place where guests can experience service and style on their own terms – all while connecting with local and global culture. Connect with Conrad by booking at www.conradhotels.com or through the Hilton Honors mobile app. Learn more about the brand by visiting newsroom.hilton.com/conradhotels, and follow us on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Hilton (NYSE: HLT) is a leading global hospitality company with a portfolio of 17 world-class brands comprising more than 5,700 properties with more than 923,000 rooms, in 113 countries and territories. Dedicated to fulfilling its mission to be the world’s most hospitable company, Hilton earned a spot on the 2018 world’s best workplaces list, and has welcomed more than 3 billion guests in its 100-year history. Through the award-winning guest loyalty program Hilton Honors, more than 89 million members who book directly with Hilton can earn Points for hotel stays and experiences money can’t buy, plus enjoy instant benefits, including digital check-in with room selection, Digital Key, and Connected Room. Visit newsroom.hilton.com for more information, and connect with Hilton on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, and YouTube. The award-winning Hilton Garden Inn brand provides business and leisure guests upscale, affordable accommodations and unexpected amenities for an experience that is ‘Simply on Another Level.’ The Hilton Garden Inn Promise affirms the brand’s goal to make each guest’s stay better and brighter. Guaranteed. Team Members at more than 820 hotels in 42 countries around the world ensure today’s busy travelers have a bright and satisfying experience, starting with the first hello. As a recognized F&B leader, Hilton Garden Inn serves locally-sourced food and beverage at its full-service restaurants and bars, featuring cooked-to-order breakfast, handcrafted cocktails, and on-trend small plates. Hilton Honors members who book directly through preferred Hilton channels have access to instant benefits. For more information about Hilton Garden Inn, visit www.hgi.com or newsroom.hilton.com/hgi, and connect on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram. Huw Harrow Hilton Worldwide +44 (0) 207 856 8035 Sarah Kingsley	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2684
__label__cc	0.729582	0.270418	Leave Puerto Rico alone Puerto Rico has its troubles, but I like the place. Below is the text of H.R. 2499, which just made it out of the House. I am not strongly opposed, but I do not think it is a good idea. SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ‘Puerto Rico Democracy Act of 2009’. SEC. 2. FEDERALLY SANCTIONED PROCESS FOR PUERTO RICO’S SELF-DETERMINATION. (a) First Plebiscite- The Government of Puerto Rico is authorized to conduct a plebiscite in Puerto Rico. The 2 options set forth on the ballot shall be preceded by the following statement: ‘Instructions: Mark one of the following 2 options: (1) Puerto Rico should continue to have its present form of political status. If you agree, mark here XX. (2) Puerto Rico should have a different political status. If you agree, mark here XX. (b) Procedure if Majority in First Plebiscite Favors Option 1- If a majority of the ballots in the plebiscite are cast in favor of Option 1, the Government of Puerto Rico is authorized to conduct additional plebiscites under subsection (a) at intervals of every 8 years from the date that the results of the prior plebiscite are certified under section 3(d). (c) Procedure if Majority in First Plebiscite Favors Option 2- If a majority of the ballots in a plebiscite conducted pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) are cast in favor of Option 2, the Government of Puerto Rico is authorized to conduct a plebiscite on the following 3 options: (1) Independence: Puerto Rico should become fully independent from the United States. If you agree, mark here XX. (2) Sovereignty in Association with the United States: Puerto Rico and the United States should form a political association between sovereign nations that will not be subject to the Territorial Clause of the United States Constitution. If you agree, mark here XX. (3) Statehood: Puerto Rico should be admitted as a State of the Union. If you agree, mark here XX. SEC. 3. APPLICABLE LAWS AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS. (a) Applicable Laws- All Federal laws applicable to the election of the Resident Commissioner shall, as appropriate and consistent with this Act, also apply to any plebiscites held pursuant to this Act. Any reference in such Federal laws to elections shall be considered, as appropriate, to be a reference to the plebiscites, unless it would frustrate the purposes of this Act. (b) Rules and Regulations- The Puerto Rico State Elections Commission shall issue all rules and regulations necessary to carry out the plebiscites under this Act. (c) Eligibility To Vote- Each of the following shall be eligible to vote in any plebiscite held under this Act: (1) All eligible voters under the electoral laws in effect in Puerto Rico at the time the plebiscite is held. (2) All United States citizens born in Puerto Rico who comply, to the satisfaction of the Puerto Rico State Elections Commission, with all Commission requirements (other than the residency requirement) applicable to eligibility to vote in a general election in Puerto Rico. Persons eligible to vote under this subsection shall, upon timely request submitted to the Commission in compliance with any terms imposed by the Electoral Law of Puerto Rico, be entitled to receive an absentee ballot for the plebiscite. (d) Certification of Plebiscite Results- The Puerto Rico State Elections Commission shall certify the results of any plebiscite held under this Act to the President of the United States and to the Members of the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States. (e) English Ballots- The Puerto Rico State Elections Commission shall ensure that all ballots used for any plebiscite held under this Act include the full content of the ballot printed in English. (f) Plebiscite Costs- All costs associated with any plebiscite held under this Act (including the printing, distribution, transportation, collection, and counting of all ballots) shall be paid for by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The intention is blindingly obvious. Hope that independence voters will plump for option (2) in the first round, only to see themselves get slaughtered by the statehood proponents in the second. The rub? People vote tactically. Independentistas will vote for the status quo in round one, and all we will have had is another pointless election. Besides which, the bill does not bind Congress to accept the referendum results. Translation: sovereignty-association might be accepted, were it not for the fact that any reasonable agreement would increase fiscal costs. The argument is worth repeating. The 14th Amendment makes it essentially impossible to strip Puerto Ricans of American citizenship against their will. That means that the Puerto Ricans currently collecting federal entitlements or individual benefits would continue to do so in an independent republic. The simple arithmetic is an increase in net federal costs of $600 million per year, as tax revenues from the island dried up. The more complex arithmetic might allow for savings of $2 billion in Medicare and $1.8 billion in food stamps and school lunches ... but based on the model of free association worked out in the Pacific, the federal government would probably continue to pay those benefits for some time in under sovereignty-association. In other words, a vote for sovereignty-association would be a vote for the status quo. Statehood is even less likely to be accepted. First, it would also increase fiscal expenditures. Second, and more important, it would give the Democrats an advantage in the Senate and electoral college. That would not have been true 12 years ago, but Puerto Ricans voted against statehood in 1998. Of course, they voted for “none of the above,” which is kind of amusing ... but which should not be taken as a great grass-roots upwelling in favor of a nebulous sovereignty-association. Anyway, the island would be rather unlikely to vote for GOP candidates at the national level (although you never know) and so it seems equally unlikely that Congress would accept the results of the referendum. In short, a bill that would accomplish nothing, and pick at one of the great unheralded victories in decolonization. France and Algeria shoulda been so lucky. Heck, if Congress hadn’t been so stone-cold racist, the Philippines and the United States coulda been so lucky. There are a lot of federacies in the world. The U.S. is one. There is nothing wrong with this. Situation unbroke, no need to fix. Plus, making Puerto Rico a state would destroy my sinister plan to annex Iceland. Think it through, people! Posted at 07:26 PM in Iceland, Politics, Puerto Rico, USA \| Permalink \| Comments (8) Iceland, European empire, deposit insurance, and terrorism ... really Why is the Icelandic taxpayer on the hook, asks Jonathan? The short answer is: blame Europe! Everyone knows about the European Union, the big confederation (with some federal characteristics) of countries sitting there on the Old Continent. Fewer people know about the European Economic Area. The EEA is basically an agreement under which Iceland, Norway, and ... er ... Liechtenstein get access to the European market in return for adopting some E.U. laws and regulations. (Switzerland has basically replicated the same arrangements without formally signing on to the EEA.) The EEA required its members to adopt European law on deposit insurance in return for granting EEA banks the right to branch into the E.U. As a result, Iceland adopted a deposit-insurance scheme in 1999. Click the link on the Icelandic scheme. (Or keep reading.) Scroll down to Chapter 5, Article 10. It reads: “This amount shall be linked to the EUR exchange rate of 5 January 1999.” The reason is quite simple: the E.U. law required countries to create schemes that insured deposit accounts with a value of at least €20,000. Ergo, the Icelandic scheme guaranteed €20,887. Now, the scheme was financed by a 1% levy on bank deposits and was rather vague about what would happen if it could not meet its obligations. Was the government then responsible? Were savers then on their own? What? The 300,000 British depositors who fell in love with the 6% rates that Landsbanki offered through its “Icesave” accounts did not seem troubled by these distinctions. They deposited £5 billion. In an Icelandic bank. A bank they had never heard of before 2006 based on a tiny island of 300,000 people. Any resemblance to Barbados is entirely coincidental. Barbadian banks do not do this sort of thing. This may be because Barbadian bankers have banked for some time, while the Icelandics were pretty green. Maybe the Britons thought that Iceland was in the Caribbean? More likely they were taken in by a message that Britain’s financial regulators allowed to stand on its website: “You can also rest assured that with Icesave you are offered the same level of financial protection as every bank in the U.K.” Well, when Iceland finally went kablooie, worried Britons began a run on Landsbanki, which led to a rather remarkable conversation between Iceland’s finance minister, Árni Mathiesen, and Chancellor Alistair Darling of the United Kingdom: Darling: “Do I understand that you guarantee the deposits of Icelandic depositors?” Mathiesen: “Yes, we guarantee the deposits in the banks and branches here in Iceland.” Darling: “But not the branches outside Iceland?” Mathiesen: “No, not outside of what was already in the letter that we sent.” Darling: “But is that not in breach of the EEA treaty?” Mathiesen: “No, we don’t think so ... Since we can’t cure the domestic situation, we can’t really do anything about things that are abroad.” Darling: “See, I need to know this in terms of what I tell people. It’s quite possible that there is not enough money in [Iceland’s depositor guarantee] fund. Is that right?” Mathiesen: “Yes, that is quite possible.” Darling: “You have to understand that the reputation of your country is going to be terrible. It really is a very, very difficult situation where people thought they were covered and then they discover the insurance fund hasn’t got any money in it.” After hanging up the phone, Darling did something even more remarkable: declare Iceland a terrorist state. It was the easiest way to freeze Landsbanki assets inside the U.K. (Sadly, most of Landsbanki’s assets were not in the U.K.) He then guaranteed that British depositors would be repaid in full. Good politics, of course, and probably needed to prevent crippling bank runs in Britain, where a lot of foreign banks operate. At that point, Darling went back to Iceland — which desperately needed financial support from other Nordic countries to prevent runs there and obtain IMF money — and convined them to pass a bill that would pay Britain back for the money it spent supporting the deposits of its citizens who had placed their money in the banks of a terrorist state. Icelandic voters, for some reason, were miffed by that ... and the result was the referendum. What happens now is anyone’s guess, although I am fairly confident that my most excellent proposal will not be adopted. Answer your question, LT? Posted at 11:32 AM in British Isles, Economics, Empire, Europe, Iceland, Money and finance \| Permalink \| Comments (3) I have really got to start cross-posting on AFOE. They've given me permission; I just don't feel like my Europe stuff lives up to their standards. Anyway, the Economist had an interesting column about Iceland and the European Union. The conventional wisdom is that Iceland would like the euro. But there are political difficulties. So why not associate with the United States? I don't mean become a state, that would be stupid. Icelanders aren't Americans, and truth be told, they don't seem real likely to become Americans. They don't listen to reggaetón or country, they don't build malls, they don't put neon-tubing on the underbodies of their cars or shoot guns for fun. (Cue Jussi telling me that I'm a nationalist. I am coming around to his point of view. That is not a good thing.) But what about becoming a Commonwealth, like Puerto Rico or the Northern Marianas? They'd have to give up membership in the European Economic Area, but what has that ever gotten them? They wouldn't have to give up membership in all those Nordic agreements, although they would have to allow Americans to become Icelandic citizens after one-year residency, same as Puerto Rico does. So what would this magnanimous move cost the American taxpayer? Nothing! Icelanders over age-65 wouldn't qualify for social security under current law; they haven't paid anything in. But let's say the U.S. waived that, and paid Icelandic pensioners the minimum benefit, just to be nice. What would be the cost? A back-of-the-envelope calculation: Social security taxes $571,032,371 Medicare taxes $148,386,548 Other taxes $278,400,105 Total tax payments $997,819,024 Social security benefits $305,818,800 Food stamps $116,955,415 Medicare $184,156,636 Revenue sharing and federal agencies $281,807,447 Total federal expenses $888,738,298 And that's worst-case, in which Washington bribes Icelandic seniors (who would still get whatever they get from the government of the Commonwealth of Iceland) and Icelanders remain as poor as they are and collect all the food stamps they can. These estimates are seriously biased in favor of maximizing the fiscal cost of an Icelandic commonwealth to the federal government of the United States; the actual costs would likely be substantially lower. Better still, the above figures don't count the additional benefit to Iceland of all the officials whom they can shift to the federal payroll. Icelanders get the dollar, the support of the U.S. Navy in fishing disputes, an additional $700 a month for their retirees, and the ability to fob off a good chunk of the expenses of government onto the American taxpayer. Americans get $109 million per year and a great location for an anti-missile base, even though said antimissile system makes no sense and they have to put up with 300,000 new citizens whose musical traditions hark back to ... German pop music. Sounds like a win-win to me. Nordic readers? Americans? What do you think? And most interestingly ... can any of our Canadian friends make a similar calculation for your great federation? Y'all don't have commonwealths, but surely someone must be able to ballpark the fiscal effect of a Province of Iceland. Posted at 11:13 PM in Economics, Europe, Iceland, USA \| Permalink \| Comments (2)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2685
__label__cc	0.70578	0.29422	Town Council Clerk Job Category: Technical & Professional Reference Clerk/MS Service Mildenhall Town Council Hours per week 37 Salary Annual salary from £31,000 to £34,000 As a Clerk you will advise the council on, and assist in the formation of, overall policies to be followed in respect of the authority’s activities and in particular to produce all the information required for making effective decisions and to implement constructively all decisions. You will be accountable to the council for the effective management of all its resources and will report to them as and when required. Working hours will depend on the individual needs of each council. Full and part time opportunities available. As a Clerk to the council you will : Ensure that statutory and other provisions governing or affecting the running of the Council are observed. Monitor and balance the Council’s accounts and prepare records for audit purposes and VAT/or to monitor the work of a designated other officer designated the Responsible Financial Officer. Ensure that the Council’s obligations for Risk Assessment and to ensure are properly met. Prepare, in consultation with appropriate members, agendas for meetings of the Council and Committees. To attend such meetings and prepare minutes for approval other than where such duties have been delegated to another Officer. Attend all meetings of the Council and all meetings of its committees and sub-committees other than where such duties have been delegated to another Officer. Receive correspondence and documents on behalf of the Council and to deal with the correspondence or documents or bring such items to the attention of the Council. To issue correspondence as a result of instructions of, or the known policy of the Council. Receive and report on invoices for goods and services to be paid for by the Council and to ensure such accounts are met. To issue invoices on behalf of the Council for goods and services and to ensure payment is received. Study reports and other data on activities of the Council and on matters bearing on those activities. Where appropriate, to discuss such matters with administrators and specialists in particular fields and to produce reports for circulation and discussion by the Council. Draw up both on his/her own initiative and as a result of suggestions by Councillors proposals for consideration by the Council and to advise on practicability and likely effects of specific courses of action. Supervise any other members of staff as their line manager in keeping with the policies of the Council and to undertake all necessary activities in connection with the management of salaries, conditions of employment and work of other staff. Monitor the implemented policies of the Council to ensure they are achieving the desired result and where appropriate suggest modifications. Act as the representative of the Council as required. Issue notices and prepare agendas and minutes for the Parish Meeting: to attend the assemblies of the Parish Meeting and to implement the decisions made at the assemblies that are agreed by the Council. Prepare, in consultation with the Chairman, press releases about the activities of, or decisions of, the Council. Attend training courses or seminars on the work and role of the Clerk as required by the Council. Work towards the achievement of the status of Qualified Clerk as a minimum requirement for effectiveness in the position of Clerk to the Council. Continue to acquire the necessary professional knowledge required for the efficient management of the affairs of the Council. Attend the meetings and conferences of Suffolk Association of Local Councils and other bodies as relevant. What you will bring to the role : Ability to deliver projects efficiently to budget. Credibility to deal with the public and other local authorities or other organisations. Teamworking skills. Excellent organisational skills and the ability to prioritise. Flexibility for weekend/evening work. A willingness to attend meetings or events to represent the Councils, should it be required. Ability to provide minutes, agendas and reports and other written material using clear and concise English. Qualifications/Experience : Experience or knowledge of the parish sector with an appreciation of the role and strategic importance of the town and parish sector. A willingness to undertake training to gain the understanding of the legal and procedural issues surrounding them would be essential. Certificate in Local Council Administration (CiLCA) or other local administration qualification. We work directly with Suffolk County Council and Babergh and Mid Suffolk District Councils to fill vacancies. Register today to be first to hear about all our live jobs.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2691
__label__wiki	0.881216	0.881216	Dates Set for Harold Prince’s Prince of Broadway December 7th, 2016 \| By Imogen Lloyd Webber We now have dates for the previously reported Main Stem premiere of Prince of Broadway at Manhattan Theatre Club. The long-in-the-works musical, which celebrates the career of the 21-time Tony-winning director and producer Harold Prince, will begin previews on August 3, 2017. Opening night is scheduled for August 24 at MTC’s Samuel J. Friedman Theatre. “Of course I’m delighted that many of my favorite artists will be interpreting the material from a lifetime of work,” said Prince in a statement. Prince of Broadway is set to be helmed by Prince himself with co-direction and choreography by Susan Stroman and will include original songs, musical supervision, arrangements and orchestrations by Jason Robert Brown, along with a book by David Thompson. The musical pays tribute to Prince’s 60-year career and examines the circumstances and fortune, both good and bad, that led to him creating some of the most beloved theater of all time, including West Side Story, The Pajama Game, Cabaret, Follies, A Little Night Music, Sweeney Todd, The Phantom of the Opera, Evita and Company. No word yet on casting, but last year's Japanese world premiere starred Ramin Karimloo, Shuler Hensley, Tony Yazbeck, Emily Skinner, Josh Grisetti, Bryonha Marie Parham, Mariand Torres, Nancy Opel, Reon Yuzuki and Kaley Ann Voorhees. The production will feature set design by Beowulf Boritt, costume design by William Ivey Long, lighting design by Howell Binkley and musical direction by Fred Lassen. Hamilton's lead producer, Jeffrey Seller, is credited as a creative consultant. Prince of Broadway was originally slated to open on the Great White Way in 2012 starring Sierra Boggess, Richard Kind and Skinner. Check out Broadway.com's exclusive interview with Prince below!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2692
__label__wiki	0.676776	0.676776	Soviet Russia, Creator of the PLO and Inventor of the Palestinian People See all articles by Wallace Edward Brand Wallace Edward Brand Date Written: January 28, 2014 Who, What, When, Where, Why and How? A Former Republican Presidential Candidate referred to the so called "Palestinian People" as an "invented people." But he left open who invented them, how it did so, when and where it did it, and why. This article fills in the heretofore blank news lead paragraph. Brand, Wallace Edward, Soviet Russia, Creator of the PLO and Inventor of the Palestinian People (January 28, 2014). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2387087 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2387087 Wallace Edward Brand (Contact Author) Independent ( email )	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2696
__label__wiki	0.704053	0.704053	Legal Literacy Tool: Legal Literacy A glossary of legal terms to assist you in understanding the legal terminology in relation to the development space. Asset: an item of property owned by a person or entity, regarded as having value and available to meet debts, commitments, or legacies. Beneficiary: a person or group who derives advantage from something. Board of Directors: a group of individuals that are elected to act as representatives of a company’s shareholders to establish management policies and to make decisions on major company issues. Board of Trustees: similar to a Board of Directors, a Board of Trustees is appointed to act as an entity’s representatives to establish management policies and to make decisions on major issues. Charitable Purpose: advances the relief of poverty, the advancement of education or religion, or any other matter beneficial to the community (s5 Charities Act 2005). Company: a separate legal entity comprised of a share or shares held by a shareholder or shareholders and governed by a director or directors. Constitution: a document that generally specifies the rules governing the relationship between and activities of an entity and its participants. See also Rules. Contract: an agreement between two or more parties that is intended to be enforceable by law. Cooperative: an organisation which is owned and run jointly by its members who share the profits or benefits. Co-creation: where end users and/or third parties work with management [of what - the project?] to develop a mutually beneficial outcome. Co-ownership: where more than one person or entity has ownership rights over an asset. Director: a member of a board of directors [hyperlink to definition of a Board of Directors] Employee: a person employed by an entity for wages or salary. Employer: a person or organisation that employs people. Equity: the difference between an organisation’s assets and liabilities Governance: the establishment and monitoring of strategic policies to enhance the viability of an organisation by its governing body. Incorporated Society: a legally registered group or organisation of at least fifteen people formed for reasons other than financial gain. Letter of Intent: a non-binding expression of an entity’s intentions in writing. Liability: a monetary debt or obligation. Liquidation: an event that occurs when a company cannot pay its obligations as and when they fall due. The company’s operations end and its assets are divided between creditors and shareholders. Memorandum of Understanding: a non-binding agreement between two or more parties outlining the terms and details of an understanding, including each parties’ requirements and responsibilities. Usually followed by a legally binding formal contract. Offer of Services: a formal proposal outlining which services a person or entity can offer. Partnership: an association of two or more persons for a common purpose. Not a separate legal entity. Quorum: the minimum number of members of an entity that must be present at a meeting to make a decision valid. Receivership: a process whereby a receiver manages the business of a company (including realising assets) for the benefit of security holders. Rules: a document that generally specifies the rules governing the relationship between and activities of an entity and its participants. See also Constitution. Share: a legally recognised interest in a company’s equity and decision making. Shareholder: an individual who holds a share or shares in a company. Social Enterprise: an organisation that applies commercial strategies to enhance social and/or environmental well-being and that sees social and/or environmental well-being as important as pecuniary gain. Transacting Shareholder: a shareholder who supplies or provides goods or services to the company; and/or purchases or acquires goods or services from the company; and/or enters into other commercial transactions with the company. This includes those shareholders who are likely to resume doing so or who have incurred an obligation to do so (s4 Co-operative Companies Act 1996). Trustee: a member of a board of trustees [hyperlink to definition of a Board of Trustees] who can administer property on behalf of a beneficiary or for a specified purpose. Useful Resources also include: Parry Field Lawyers - Articles Sustainable Economics Law Centre	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2698
__label__wiki	0.766213	0.766213	FIAT CR.42 DB Fighter In late 1930s, FIAT developed the CR.42 Falco (Falcon), one of the last biplane fighter aircraft. The CR.42 was powered by an 840 hp (626 kW) FIAT A 74 RC38 radial engine. With good performance and excellent maneuverability, the CR.42 was one of the best biplane fighters ever built. However, frontline fighters had adopted new tactics in which speed controlled the fight, so the maneuverability of the biplane was traded for the speed of a monoplane. Looking to maximize a combination of speed and maneuverability, the Italian Air Ministry asked FIAT to re-engine the CR.42 with a 1,000 hp (746 kW) Daimler-Benz DB 601A engine. The resulting aircraft was designated CR.42 DB. The FIAT CR.42 DB undergoing an engine run. Its Daimler-Benz DB 601 engine made the aircraft the fastest biplane ever built. However, its performance could not match contemporary monoplane fighters. Some sources incorrectly list the DB 601-powered aircraft as the CR.42 B, which was a trainer built from a standard CR.42 by moving the engine forward, elongating the fuselage, and adding a second cockpit. Additionally, some sources claim the CR.42 DB’s engine was an Alfa Romeo RA 1000 RC41, which was a DB 601A built under license in Italy. However, the Alfa Romeo RA 1000 engine had not proceeded beyond initial testing by late 1941, after the CR.42 DB had already flown. It is unlikely that an untried RA 1000 test engine was installed in the CR.42 DB. The FIAT CR.42 DB project was underway by early 1941. The aircraft was assigned serial number MM 469. In the span of a few weeks, a standard CR.42 was re-engined with the DB 601 power plant. Switching from a large, air-cooled, 14-cylnder radial engine to a long, liquid-cooled, V-12 engine necessitated many changes to the aircraft. Like all CR.42s, the CR.42 DB consisted of a welded steel tube and alloy airframe. The fuselage was skinned in aluminum with the exception of the rear fuselage’s sides and bottom, which were covered with fabric. The wings and tail had a duralumin frame. The wings’ leading and trailing edges were aluminum, and fabric covered the rest of the surface. The horizontal and vertical stabilizers were aluminum-skinned. All control surfaces were had a duralumin frame and were covered in fabric. The CR.42 DB with its lower wing removed. The removed bottom panel exposes some of the aircraft’s structure. The entire front of the CR.42 DB was redesigned to accommodate the DB 601A engine and its radiator. The DB 601A was encased in a close-fitting, streamlined cowling. Positioned on the left side of the cowling was the engine’s air intake. Faired into the cowling’s upper deck were the blast tubes for the aircraft’s two 12.7 mm guns—each had 400 rounds of ammunition. A housing for the radiator was located under the engine. Scoops for oil coolers were placed in the wing roots of the lower wing (in the same location as a standard CR.42). The CR.42 DB had the same 31.8 ft (9.70 m) upper and 21.3 ft (6.50m) lower wingspans as the standard CR.42, but those were the only specifications the two aircraft shared. The CR.42 DB was 1.8 ft (.54 m) longer at 28.9 ft (8.80 m). The aircraft was 507 lb (230 kg) heavier at an empty weight of 4,299 lb (1,950 kg). The CR.42 DB’s performance improved substantially over the standard CR.42. The CR.42 DB had a top speed of 323 mph (520 km/h) at 17,388 ft (5,300 m) and could climb to 16,404 ft (5,000 m) in 5:40. The aircraft had a ceiling of 34,777 ft (10,600 m) and a range of 715 mi (1,150 km). The standard CR.42 was 56 mph (90 km/h) slower, took an additional 1:40 to reach 16,404 ft (5,000 m), and had a 1,312 ft (400 m) lower ceiling. This image shows the wing root scoop for the oil cooler and the induction scoop for the DB 601 engine. The CR.42 DB is shown at Caselle airfield in May 1941. The CR.42 DB’s first flight was in March 1941, piloted by Commander Valentino Cus. The aircraft was delivered to the Centro Sperimentale (Experimental Center) at Guidonia Airfield (near Rome) for military tests in the summer of 1941. The CR.42 DB proved to be an exceptional aircraft; it was (and still is) the world’s fastest biplane. While not much slower than monoplane fighters then in service, the CR.42 DB’s speed could not be improved, whereas the speed of monoplane fighters would continue to increase as advancements were made. Although an order for 150 aircraft was placed on 10 April 1941, series production was never started. The short supply of DB 601 engines available to Italy and the engine’s priority use in the more advanced Macchi MC.202 Folgore (Lightening) and Re.2001 Falco II (Falcon II) monoplane fighters left no DB 601s available for the CR.42 DB. Only one CR.42 DB was built. Some consideration was given to lengthening the CR.42 DB to 30.8 ft (9.38 m) and modifying it into a two-place training or reconnaissance aircraft. However, this project never proceeded beyond the initial design phase. Although the FIAT CR.42 DB was the pinnacle of biplane fighter performance, it was outclassed by frontline monoplane fighters as the era of biplane fighters came to an end. The two-place, DB 601-powered CR.42. Some sources refer to the aircraft as the CR.42 R. However, the drawing appears to be labeled “R.42 P”. The “CR” stood for Caccia (Fighter) Rosatelli. Rosatelli was the aircraft’s designer, Celestino Rosatelli. Since the two-place aircraft was not a fighter, it makes sense that the “Caccia” designation would not be used. The FIAT Fighters 1930–1945 by Piero Vergnano (1969) Italian Civil and Military Aircraft 1930–1945 by Jonathan W. Thompson (1963) Aeronuatica Militare Museo Storico Catalogo Motori by Oscar Marchi (1980) Tutti gli aerie del Re by Max Vinerba (2011) “Fantasmi di aerie e motori Fiat dal 1935 al 1945 (prime parte)” by Giovanni Masino Ali Antiche 106 (2011) Fiat CR.42 Falco by Przemyslaw Skulski (2007) This entry was posted in Aircraft, World War II on 13 July 2016 by William Pearce. ← Perrier-Cadillac 41-75 Tank Engine Koolhoven FK.55 Fighter → 3 thoughts on “FIAT CR.42 DB Fighter” Marcelo Bruckmann 4 August 2016 at 4:53 pm Atractive bird, but wastiing a v12 on that….a technical dead end. What is the (speed) competition: Gregor, Gloster IV, Williams’ Racer? William Pearce Post author 22 October 2018 at 7:52 pm There are probably more out there, but… There was some talk that the Turbine Toucan would set a new speed record in excess of 323 mph (520 km/h), but the (completed) project seems to have disappeared. Polikarpov I-190 – 303 mph (488 km/h). Polikarpov I-153TK – 300 mph (482 km/h). Gloster IVB, with geared lion – 295 mph (475 km/h). Aberle Phantom – 284.454 mph (457.785 km/h) on a circular course, maybe 300 mph (483 km/h) or so in a straight line. Kirkham-William Racer – Williams said the aircraft’s speed was probably around 269 mph (433 km/h), but he and others felt the aircraft was capable of 290 mph (467 km/h). Gregor FDB-1 – 261 mph (420 km/h).	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2699
__label__wiki	0.827512	0.827512	Doeren Mayhew Director Elected to The Joe Niekro Foundation Board of Directors Doeren Mayhew, Troy-based certified public accounting and management consulting firm, announced today that Lawrence A. Simon, Director, was elected to The Joe Niekro Foundation Board of Directors. Online PR News – 23-March-2010 – – Troy, MI March 22, 2010 -- Doeren Mayhew (http://doerenmayhew.com/), Troy-based certified public accounting and management consulting firm, announced today that Lawrence A. Simon, Director, was elected to The Joe Niekro Foundation Board of Directors. Natalie Niekro, founder of The Joe Niekro Foundation, said: “We are very pleased that Mr. Simon will be joining the board of directors. Larry has great advisory experience and serves as a board member for several businesses and organizations. His knowledge and insights will make a significant contribution to our cause.” Mr. Simon said, “As a lifelong fan of the game of baseball, I am honored that The Joe Niekro Foundation has asked me to serve on its board. I look forward to working with Natalie and all of the board members to help realize the mission of this very worthwhile Foundation.” Mr. Simon began his career with Doeren Mayhew in 1983 and is director in charge of the firm’s Corporate Finance Group. He specializes in closely held corporations, mergers and acquisitions, and business consulting. Mr. Simon received his Bachelor of Business Administration from Western Michigan University and is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Michigan Association of Certified Public Accountants, Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, and the National Association of Certified Valuation Analysts. The Joe Niekro Foundation was founded in 2006 by Natalie Niekro, daughter of major league baseball pitcher Joe Niekro. Mr. Niekro enjoyed a successful baseball career of 21 years before losing his life from a sudden cerebral brain aneurysm on October 27, 2006. The lack of public awareness and under-support of research of this widespread and often fatal condition led Natalie Niekro to launch a crusade to educate and encourage awareness about aneurysms. To learn more, please visit http://www.joeniekrofoundation.org. Founded in 1932, Doeren Mayhew recently celebrated its 78th anniversary and has grown to become nationally and internationally recognized as trusted business advisors to thousands of individuals and businesses throughout North America and around the world. Doeren Mayhew represents manufacturers, contractors and builders, retailers, wholesalers, distributors, auto dealers, financial institutions, municipalities, school districts, and non-profit organizations, with a full range of accounting, audit, tax, merger and acquisition, and consulting services. Doeren Mayhew, known internationally as Moore Stephens Doeren Mayhew, is the 8th largest certified public accounting and consulting firm in southeastern Michigan, with a staff of more than 200, including 33 directors. Doeren Mayhew is an independent member firm of Moore Stephens North America, one of the world’s major accounting and consulting associations. Doeren Mayhew Moves Up on Top 100 CPA Firm List Doeren Mayhew Names 3 New Houston Shareholders Managers to Join the Ranks of Shareholders at Doeren Mayhew Doeren Mayhew Merges With Houston-Based CPA Firm MFR, P.C. Lawrence A. Simon 755 West Big Beaver Road Troy Michigan, 48084 http://www.doerenfinancialservices.com/	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2701
__label__cc	0.702303	0.297697	Play It Again Sports® is a registered trademark of Winmark Corporation based in Minneapolis, MN. Any unauthorized use of this trademark by others is subject to action under federal and state trademark laws. Other brand names are trademarked or registered by their respective companies. Each Play It Again Sports store is independently owned and operated. Fungo bats have been around since the beginning of baseball and as most of us may know, baseball was said to be invented by Abner Doubleday in Cooperstown, New York during the summer of 1839. Since fungo bats were much easier to swing and gave off a ton of pop, they were almost seen as cheating back in the day. In a book from 1897 named "The Technical Terms of Baseball," the sportswriter Henry Chadwick stated,"The weakest batting is shown when the batsman indulges in fungo hitting." It wasn't until baseball bat regulations came around that fungo bats were only used by coaches and parents. A baseball bat is divided into several regions. The "barrel" is the thick part of the bat, where it is meant to hit the ball. The part of the barrel best for hitting the ball, according to construction and swinging style, is often called the "sweet spot". The end of the barrel is called the "top", "end" or "cap" of the bat. Opposite the cap, the barrel narrows until it meets the "handle". The handle is comparatively thin, so that batters can comfortably grip the bat in their hands. Sometimes, especially on metal bats, the handle is wrapped with a rubber or tape "grip". Finally, below the handle is the "knob" of the bat, a wider piece that keeps the bat from slipping from a batter's hands. Catcher's equipment - A catcher is the target for the pitcher, so the catcher must wear protective gear that covers the majority of his body. Catcher's gear includes a helmet with a faceguard that is similar to a hockey goalie's mask, a chest protector, shin guards, and a special padded glove. Some catcher's also wear devices called knee savers, which are triangular pads that attach to the players calves and rest his knees even while squatting behind the plate. The main goal of the game is to hit it to the pin in the least amount of strokes, similar to golf. Holes can consist of a certain sign in the outfield, in the tarp tunnel, off of the foul pole, onto the pitchers mound or off of a yardage marker on the outfield wall; it can really be anything on the field that can be hit without breaking. There can even be 2 part holes such as: First you have to hit the ball off of the scoreboard, then you have to hit the ball off of the right field foul pole.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2710
__label__wiki	0.908544	0.908544	Qatar Airways joins major conservation initiative Qatar Airways and Hamad International Airport (HIA) have partnered with KAHRAMAA’s National Programme for Conservation and Energy Efficiency, ‘Tarsheed’, to deliver technical energy and water conservation training to their employees. The training, focusing on resource conservation, was aligned to contribute towards His Highness The Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani’s 2030 vision for sustainable development. The technical training was delivered by KAHRAMAA, Qatar’s Electricity and Water Corporation, as part of a memorandum of understanding that provides a framework for Qatar Airways and HIA to work together on technical initiatives, as well as building staff and community awareness in relation to water conservation, energy efficiency systems, and renewable energy. The training session, which took place earlier this month, involved around 50 delegates from the airline and airport’s facilities management teams. It was hosted at Qatar Airways’ corporate offices in Doha, Qatar, and subjects covered a wide range of technical topics, including air conditioning systems, fans, pumps, lighting, motors, water conservation and energy efficiency. Further to the technical training, KAHRAMAA is planning energy and water audits at HIA’s award-winning passenger terminal and at Qatar Airways’ head offices, allowing both to apply recommendations to further improve energy efficiency. Qatar Airways group chief executive, His Excellency Akbar Al Baker, said: “Qatar Airways is proud to contribute to the Qatar National Vision 2030 and our partnership with KAHRAMAA, represented in Tarsheed, is an excellent example of collaboration towards the shared goal for sustainable development in Qatar. “We are very pleased to receive training from KAHRAMAA’s experts on energy and water conservation. The technical advice received will enhance the practical measures we are taking to improve our environmental performance for electricity and water consumption across our operations.” KAHRAMAA’s president, His Excellency Engr. Essa bin Hilal Al Kuwari, said: “KAHRAMAA, through Tarsheed, is pleased to cooperate with Qatar Airways and HIA in terms of conservation and energy efficiency. “We are working together towards achieving the four pillars of the Qatar National Vision 2030, namely economic, environment, social and human development. This partnership aims to support Tarsheed’s Goal in bringing down CO2 emissions in Qatar by six million tonnes and per capita consumption of electricity by eight per cent and of water by 15 per cent by 2022.” Chinese tourism in UK up by 133% says TripAdvisor A new travel trends study by TripAdvisor reveals that travelle... Festivals help to boost tourism market in Vilnius Lithuanian capital Vilnius is growing in popularity among tour... Balearic Islands launches water-saving campaign The Balearic Island government has launched a campaign that ai...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2713
__label__cc	0.724708	0.275292	Brief Bios How Psychotherapy Works Introduction to Treatment Therapeutic Alliance Therapist Contributions Patient Contributions Benefits of Therapy PRC Manual Recorded Cases Our Findings Others’ Work Recording Suggestions 1. Frank, Jerome (1973). Persuasion and Healing. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2. Wallerstein, R. (1986) Forty-Two Lives in Treatment: A Study of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy. New York: Guilford Press.(746 pages) and Wallerstein, R.S. (1989) The Psychotherapy Research Project of the Menninger Foundation: an overview. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57 (2), 195-205. This monumental, sophisticated and thorough clinical study is fascinating reading. The short version is in the second reference. Patients benefited substantially (see WALDRON, S. Book Review: (1989) Psychoanalytic Quarterly 58: pp. 643-647 for an interesting way of assessing the degree of benefit). Two limitations: there was no comparison group, and there was no recording of the treatments to make possible detailed process assessments. Nevertheless, the study demonstrated strikingly that long term change took place as much with supportive elements as insight. 3. Howard, K.I., Lueger, R.J., Maling, M.S. & Martinovich, Z. (1993). A Phase Model of Psychotherapy Outcome: Causal Mediation of Change. J. Consult. & Clin. Psychol. 61, 678-685. 4. Howard, K.I., Moras, K, Brill, P.L., Martinovich, Z. & Lutz, W. (1996). Evaluation of Psychotherapy: Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Patient Progress. American Psychologist, 51, 1059-1064. 5. Seligman, M. (1995). The effectiveness of psychotherapy: the Consumer Reports study. American Psychologist, 50: 965-974. This is a classical study, compiling carefully what our patient “consumers” really got out of their treatments. Clear and sensible. 6. Connolly, M.B. & Strupp, H.H. (1996). Cluster Analysis of Patient Reported Psychotherapy Outcomes. Psychotherapy Research, 6: 30-42. This study explores the varieties of perceived benefits including changes in self-concept. A careful effort to determine what categories of changes patients actually appreciate after the treatment. 7. Ablon, J., & Jones, E. E. (1998). How expert clinicians’ prototypes of an ideal treatment correlate with outcome in psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Psychotherapy Research,Psychother Res 8, 71–83. Demonstrating how what a treatment is called by therapists, and how it benefits patients, may be two quite different matters. New methodology for assessing the processes of therapy combine with outcome assessment. 8. Ablon, J. S., Levy, R.A., & Katzenstein, T. (2006). Beyond Brand Names of Psychotherapy: Identifying Empirically Supported Change Processes. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 43, 216-231. 9. Sandell, R., Blomberg, J., Lazar, A., Carlsson, J., Broberg, J. & Schubert, J. (2000). Varieties of long-term outcome among patients in psychoanalysis and long-term psychotherapy: a review of findings in the Stockholm outcome of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy project (STOPPP). International Journal of Psychoanalysis: 81: 921-942. A complicated study to understand fully, but of the highest quality, showing that the benefits of more intensive work (in comparison with infrequent sessions) begin to show only as the years go on. There are other findings in regard to therapists who attempt to conduct therapy too much like classical analysis, to the detriment of their patients. 10. Leuzinger-Bohleber, M., Stuhr, U., Ruger, B., & Beutel, M. (2003) How to study the quality of psychoanalytic treatments and their long-term effects on patients’ well-being: a representative, multi-perspective follow-up study. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 84, 263-290. This study of hundreds of patients about seven years after their analyses and psychotherapies is sensitive, in depth, yet methodologically sophisticated. One of the very best. 11. Westen, D., Novotny, C.M., & Thompson-Brenner, H. (2004). The empirical status of empirically supported psychotherapies: Assumptions, findings, and reporting in controlled clinical trials. Psychological Bulletin. 130: 631-663. These writers demonstrate the inadequacy of the empirically supported approach to benefit, from a variety of convincing perspectives. 12. Levy, K.N., Meehan, K.B., Kelly, K.M., Reynoso, J.S., Weber, M., Clarkin, J.F., & Kernberg, O.F. (2006) Change in attachment patterns and reflective function in a randomized controlled trial of Transference Focused Psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 74, 1027-1040. A superbly organized and executed study showing how the psychodynamic elements make a difference to outcome. Patients with severe and long-standing personality difficulties in psychoanalytic treatment improve significantly in their functioning and emotional health, and they do so by cultivating a greater ability to meaningfully reflect on themselves and others close to them. 13. Blatt, S.J. & Shahar, G. (2004). Psychoanalysis – with whom, for what, and how? Comparisons with psychotherapy. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 52, 393-447. Blatt and his colleagues’ work has shown a wide variety of important clinical features affecting the outcome of treatment. 14. Stern, D.N. (1998). The process of therapeutic change involving implicit knowledge: Some implications of developmental observations for adult psychotherapy. Infant Mental Health Journal, 19, 300-308. Seminal work leading to increasing awareness of the importance of implicit processes in psychotherapy. Despite past bias privileging explicit insights gained by the patient, many important and helpful things occur more implicitly in treatment, in the background of the conversation and often without either therapist or patient realizing. 15. Milrod, B., Leon, A.C., Busch, F., Rudden, M., Schwalberg, M., Clarkin, J., Aronson, A., Singer, M., Turchin, W., Klass, E.T., Graf, E., Teres, J.J. & Shear, M.K. (2007) A randomized controlled clinical trial of psychoanalytic psychotherapy for panic disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 164: 265-272. This randomized study of the results of twice-weekly panic focused therapy compared to a version of cognitive therapy often used to treat panic attacks, each lasting for 24 sessions, is noteworthy for the sophistication of its design. 16. Lingiardi, V., Muzi, L., Tanzilli, A., & Carone, N. (2017). Do therapist’s subjective variables impact on psychodynamic psychotherapy outcomes? Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 25: 85-101. A systematic review of studies examining the complex interactions between therapist attachment styles, interpersonal history, and other factors affecting therapists’ subjective self-concept on the one hand, with similar patient personality factors on the other. By attending to one’s own ‘subjective variables’ as a therapist, one can construct interventions better suited to the patient’s needs in treatment. 17. Werbart, A., Hagertz, M., & Olander, N.B. (2018). Matching patient and therapist anaclitic-introjective personality configurations matters for psychotherapy outcomes. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 48: 241-251. This study examined patients and their therapists, according to Blatt’s theory of personality development, and differential personality patterns emphasizing either relatedness or self-definition. The authors found that convergent patterns in patient and therapist were associated with more robust treatment outcomes, and they suggest additional attention and intervention in patients known to differ from therapists in these respects, in order to collaborate effectively in psychotherapy. Copyright © 1989-2018 by Psychoanalytic Research Consortium Inc. - Web Design by Larry Sturgis	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2714
__label__wiki	0.847262	0.847262	Generoso De Summa 6 Jul 1917 - 31 Jan 2001 exit_to_appIniciar sessão camera_altTake Photos editTranscrever video_libraryTraining Videos more_vertMore searchPerson Search placeCemetery Search device_hubBillionGraves Tree live_helpPhoto Requests helpAjuda classBlogue You are viewing BillionGraves in Português. 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You can always add an email and password later. open_with Setting Primary Image Nasceu: 6 Jul 1917 Morreu: 31 Jan 2001 Cheltenham New Cemetery 45 Wangara Rd Cheltenham, Bayside City, Victoria Copista Paulwuzhere Nearby Graves Nearby GravesTM Some family members have different last names, but they’re still buried relatively close to one another. View grave sites based on name, distance from the original site, and find those missing relatives. Upgrade to BG+ Find more about Generoso... We found more records about Generoso De Summa. Click here to see them all Relationships on the headstone John Frank Russo Buried here 14 Jul 1974 - 5 Jul 1999 Sarisa Russo 6 Mar 1910 - 16 Aug 1997 Relationships added by users Grave Site of Generoso Generoso De Summa is buried in the Cheltenham New Cemetery at the location displayed on the map below. This GPS information is ONLY available at BillionGraves. Our technology can help you find the gravesite and other family members buried nearby. Nome do Cemitério Cemetery Website http://cmp.smct.org.au/ Endereço de cemitérios Cheltenham,Bayside City,Victoria Download the free BillionGraves mobile app for iPhone and Android before you go to the cemetery and it will guide you right to the gravesite. android Google play phone_iphone App Store Life timeline of Generoso De Summa Generoso De Summa was born on 6 Jul 1917 Generoso De Summa was 12 years old when The New York Stock Exchange crashes in what will be called the Crash of '29 or "Black Tuesday", ending the Great Bull Market of the 1920s and beginning the Great Depression. The New York Stock Exchange, is an American stock exchange located at 11 Wall Street, Lower Manhattan, New York City, New York. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies at US$21.3 trillion as of June 2017. The average daily trading value was approximately US$169 billion in 2013. The NYSE trading floor is located at 11 Wall Street and is composed of 21 rooms used for the facilitation of trading. A fifth trading room, located at 30 Broad Street, was closed in February 2007. The main building and the 11 Wall Street building were designated National Historic Landmarks in 1978. Generoso De Summa was 13 years old when Great Depression: In a State of the Union message, U.S. President Herbert Hoover proposes a $150 million (equivalent to $2,197,000,000 in 2017) public works program to help generate jobs and stimulate the economy. The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations; in most countries it started in 1929 and lasted until the late-1930s. It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the world's economy can decline. Generoso De Summa was 28 years old when World War II: German forces in the west agree to an unconditional surrender. The German Instrument of Surrender ended World War II in Europe. The definitive text was signed in Karlshorst, Berlin, on the night of 8 May 1945 by representatives of the three armed services of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) and the Allied Expeditionary Force together with the Supreme High Command of the Red Army, with further French and US representatives signing as witnesses. The signing took place 9 May 1945 at 00:16 local time. Generoso De Summa was 38 years old when Disneyland Hotel opens to the public in Anaheim, California. The Disneyland Hotel is a resort hotel located at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, owned by the Walt Disney Company and operated through its Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products division. Opened on October 5, 1955, as a motor inn owned and operated by Jack Wrather under an agreement with Walt Disney, the hotel was the first to officially bear the Disney name. Under Wrather's ownership, the hotel underwent several expansions and renovations over the years before being acquired by Disney in 1988. The hotel was downsized to its present capacity in 1999 as part of the Disneyland Resort expansion. Generoso De Summa was 48 years old when Thirty-five hundred United States Marines are the first American land combat forces committed during the Vietnam War. The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting amphibious operations with the United States Navy. The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the four armed service branches in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. Generoso De Summa was 60 years old when Star Wars is released in theaters. Star Wars is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. It is the first film in the original Star Wars trilogy and the beginning of the Star Wars franchise. Starring Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew, the film focuses on the Rebel Alliance, led by Princess Leia (Fisher), and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empire's space station, the Death Star. Generoso De Summa was 63 years old when Mount St. Helens erupts in Washington, United States, killing 57 people and causing $3 billion in damage. Mount St. Helens or Louwala-Clough is an active stratovolcano located in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Portland, Oregon and 96 miles (154 km) south of Seattle, Washington. Mount St. Helens takes its English name from the British diplomat Lord St Helens, a friend of explorer George Vancouver who made a survey of the area in the late 18th century. The volcano is located in the Cascade Range and is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire that includes over 160 active volcanoes. This volcano is well known for its ash explosions and pyroclastic flows. Generoso De Summa was 82 years old when Columbine High School massacre: Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold killed 13 people and injured 24 others before committing suicide at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado. The Columbine High School massacre was a school shooting that occurred on April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School in Columbine, an unincorporated area of Jefferson County, Colorado, United States, in the Denver metropolitan area. In addition to the shootings, the complex and highly planned attack involved a fire bomb to divert firefighters, propane tanks converted to bombs placed in the cafeteria, 99 explosive devices, and car bombs. The perpetrators, senior students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, murdered 12 students and one teacher. They injured 21 additional people, and three more were injured while attempting to escape the school. The pair subsequently committed suicide. Generoso De Summa died on 31 Jan 2001 at the age of 83 Browse > Australia > Victoria > Cheltenham New Cemetery > Generoso De Summa BillionGraves.com Grave record for Generoso De Summa (6 Jul 1917 - 31 Jan 2001), BillionGraves Record 4974540 Cheltenham, Bayside City, Victoria, Australia Take BillionGraves with you wherever you go. Download the free BG app and you`ll be able to contribute, and have access to our worldwide headstone database. Pesquisar Transcrever BillionGraves+ Download Apps Comunidade Support Blogue Acerca de nós Service / Eagle Projects Help translate this page Site Map © 2019 BillionGraves Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved / Termos de Utilização / política de Privacidade	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2715
__label__cc	0.703827	0.296173	Should the Electoral College Be Abolished Essay Topic: College Francisco Colin 4th Period There have been many talks about the Electoral College and how it should or should not be abolished when election time comes around. Many people feel that the electoral college is unfair because it seems that even if we vote it only comes down to the electoral college to see if they won presidency or re-election. Personally, I feel that the Electoral College should be abolished nationwide, so that way our voice can be “heard” or used more within the government. It should also be abolished because of the fact how in most of the elections, the Presidents are most and only elected because of the electoral college and our own vote, the vote that we had taken our own time to choose our future leader that will guide the country in the right path. Instead, the states choose who to vote just because the majority of the Electoral College is just one of the parties that dominate that state and not the other. For example, since the state of Texas is Republican dominated, what if the people had voted for the democratic side and the democratic won by the popular votes in the state of Texas, then it wouldn’t matter just because of how the state chooses who to vote because of the majority of the party in Texas. This to me is very outrageous because of how our forefathers from the past had fought for our right to vote, it is being put to waste since it only goes by the Electoral College and not our votes. We will write a custom essay sample on Should the Electoral College Be Abolished For example, when Al Gore ran for his presidency the first time, we had the people, even though I wasn’t the age to vote at the moment, had chosen Al Gore to run this fine country of ours, even though the popular vote came close. He was the clear winner that the people had chosen to lead this country, but instead was cheated out of being President because of how George W. Bush had won the Electoral College by a small margin; he was instead elected to be the President to lead our nation. Because of this also, if feel that it is actually time for the Electoral College to be abolished out of the election system, because as us Americans voting, in doesn’t really matter who we chose to win because of how our won states decide with the electoral college who to win Presidency, which isn’t very fair for our nation. Should the Electoral College Be Abolished. (2018, Jun 07). Retrieved July 16, 2019, from https://phdessay.com/should-the-electoral-college-be-abolished-154821/. APUS History ELECTIONS US Universal Suffrage	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2723
__label__wiki	0.627615	0.627615	Retrocomputing Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for vintage-computer hobbyists interested in restoring, preserving, and using the classic computer and gaming systems of yesteryear. Join them; it only takes a minute: Looking for an “Inspector” or “Detective” game (BASIC?) I'm working on an emulator for the Soviet mainframe BESM-6. Among a few games written for it there was a game called "Inspector" (or "Detective"). Its code didn't survive; the only mention of it I can find on the available disk images is that it was "adapted and reworked" without mentioning the source. The usual source for non-original computer games in the USSR in the early 80s were Western magazines, which means that there should likely be a BASIC language prototype for the game. The game play was, IIRC, as follows: the player is a detective trying to solve a murder of a party host, that happened between 1am and 9am in one of the ~6 rooms of the house. The player can interrogate each of the ~5-6 guests asking questions like "Which room were you in at N o'clock" and "When were you in such-and-such room?" In their responses guests would mention who else was in the room with them, including the host if he was still alive, and could provide some additional information. The culprit could lie. The guests could move from a room to an adjacent room between the hours, the host stayed in one room. A good result was solving the murder in 4-5 questions. The program allowed up to 9 questions. Does this ring a bell? I've reproduced the gameplay from memory as a C++ program. Here is a sample successful session: There was a murder in a country house between 1am and 9am during a party. The party host has been murdered. You have to interrogate five guests: Andrew, Bob, Charles, David and Evan. The questions you may ask are ``At what time were you in a given room?'' and ``Where were you at a given hour?''. The plan of the house is: Bedroom - Study - Living room - Dining room - Kitchen - Greenhouse The questions are entered as <letter><letter> for the first question using initial letters of the suspect name and the room, or <letter><digit> for the second question (the time is given as one digit 1-9). The host had stayed in the same room both alive and dead; the guests could move from a room to an adjacent room between the hours. The innocent will answer truthfully, the culprit could lie. An accusation can be entered as <letter><digit><letter>, mentioning the time and the room. Question 1: a1 Andrew: At 1 o'clock I was in the Study. The host, still alive, was in one of the adjacent rooms. David was in the adjacent rooms. Question 2: d1 David: At 1 o'clock I was in the Bedroom. The host, still alive, was also there. Andrew was in the adjacent rooms. Question 3: db David: I was in the Bedroom at 1 o'clock Oops, David never was in the bedroom after 1 o'clock. Let's ask Andrew again. Question 4: ab Andrew: I was in the Bedroom at 7, 9 o'clock Andrew: At 7 o'clock I was in the Bedroom. Bob was in the same room. There were no guests in the adjacent rooms. It is known that the guests never mention the dead body. This means that by 7 o'clock the host was already dead. Let's see what Bob says about an earlier hour. Question 6: b5 Bob: At 5 o'clock I was in the Bedroom. This means that the host was murdered at 6 o'clock, and as nobody could enter the bedroom between 5 and 6 o'clock, it was Bob who had murdered the host. Question 7: b6b With your help, the murderer was tried and convicted! It was helpful that as the culprit was not asked about the exact time or the location of the murder, he answered truthfully. identify-this-game Leo B. Leo B.Leo B. From the story, the game seems to be a computer version of Cluedo (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluedo) – tofro Dec 10 '16 at 8:07 That suggestion has been made in private conversations I had about the subject, but I don't think that Cluedo was the prototype. I've played Cluedo against a computer some years ago. It is substantially multi-player, and the game mechanism is different: making accusing suggestions in turn (restricted by the current room) and accepting a disproof, rather than interrogating. For "Inspector", the map of the house served only as an aid which rooms are adjacent.The only common trait of "Inspector" and "Cluedo" is the goal to solve a murder. I don't think that "adaptation and rework" went that far. – Leo B. Dec 10 '16 at 8:31 The Commodore PET game CLUE (CLOUZOT) is closer (it's a single-player logic puzzle), but still no cigar: web.archive.org/web/20081008015034/http://www.commodorepet.org/… – Leo B. Dec 10 '16 at 23:52 Let us continue this discussion in chat. – Leo B. Jul 31 '18 at 20:59 No sign of the actual game but found a mention of it in the "besm6" mailing list: https://groups.google.com/d/msg/besm6/qCfnrd8i0jQ/Ac1j6ik60akJ It was based on a BASIC game, publishes in the '70s in a magazine such as BYTE (or Datamation). I my time I've read such magazines in ГПНТБ(Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology), and programmed plenty of similar games for СМ-1420 (SM1420), one of them had text equivalent to that of "Inspector" Igor SkochinskyIgor Skochinsky Right; it was me who asked there 7 years ago. We couldn't find the author of the adaptation, but as least I got a confirmation that the game was taken from a Western magazine. Now, this forum is a better place to ask. – Leo B. Dec 9 '16 at 20:45 @LeoB. Okay, but even assuming you discover the original, what then? You still won't have the BESM-6 version. – Igor Skochinsky Dec 11 '16 at 11:43 At least I'll be able to appreciate the amount of "adaptation and rework" that went to the BESM-6 version because I remember it fairly well. We do have working binaries of a few other games written in Pascal, for which we have a compiler, and we would like to have them decompiled sooner or later. – Leo B. Dec 11 '16 at 18:33 Scans of the BYTE magazine, though not all issues, are available on archive.org, in case that is any help. The table of contents also seems to be available, so I guess you could do some kind of automated search for "Inspector", "Cluedo" etc. – dirkt Dec 11 '16 at 20:19 Thanks, I'll try. It should be at most 3-4 years to look at. Did Datamation publish sources of games? – Leo B. Dec 11 '16 at 23:04 A post to /r/tipofmyjoystick has brought the answer virtually instantaneously: the original game is Inspector Clew-So; other locations, some including the plaintext source can be found by searching for CLEWSO.BAS, for example, https://archive.org/details/riag_006_Volume_244_-_Games The game I remember was slightly modified compared to the original: apart from the simplified interface, the most noticeable difference was that in the original, the "suspects" would mention that the host was already dead, and would be silent about the moment of the murder, whereas in the adapted Russian version, they would be silent about the dead body but would say something like "at that time the host suddenly died" if asked about the exact time of the murder. How much it reflects cultural differences between the U.S. and the USSR, is anyone's guess. Re: the other answer referencing it being a type-in from "a '70s magazine", did you download that game and check for any REM statements or anything else that might extend the trail even further back? I'm just curious. You've already got my vote, for the detective work that you were inspired to perform in order to be able to simulate detective work. – Tommy Feb 12 at 19:07 @Tommy In archive.org/details/riag_006_Volume_244_-_Games I see 82 REM * AS FOUND IN * 83 REM RECREATIONAL 84 REM * COMPUTING * 85 REM * MAY/JUNE 1979 * – Leo B. Feb 12 at 19:33 It's also in Creative Computing, June 1979: Inspector Clew-So, by Ronald J Carlson. The Recreational Computing scanned issue is incomplete and is missing the listing – scruss Feb 12 at 20:03 @scruss The listing on page 106 seems complete, it ends with 1610END – Leo B. Feb 12 at 20:28 @scruss Sorry, I missed your point; my link to archive.org above apparently contains the scanned Recreational Computing version, albeit corrupted. – Leo B. Feb 12 at 23:42 Nothing like this game appears in 101 BASIC Games or any of its descendants like More BASIC Computer Games. I can't find anything like it in What To Do After You Hit Return. Nor is it in Announcing: Computer Games, which is a good one to look in because it has a "different" collection than most books. AFAIK, Byte did not publish a collection of games (?) so this seems like a likely suspect. They stopped printing type-ins after they sold to McGraw-Hill in 1981, so that gives you the 1975-1981 period to look in. Do we have any other time constraints? The Wiki puts the release of the BESM-6 as 1968, but perhaps the BASIC was released later? That's assuming it was in BASIC and not ported to some other language the BESM supported. NOTE: I'll edit this as I poke about on Archive. Added: the comment currently above mine suggests a possible time-frame: when was the SM-1420 on the market? Maury MarkowitzMaury Markowitz I think I've looked through all of the Byte issues in 1980 and 81 on archive.org since this question was first posted, and suspect I would have spotted it if it were in one of those, so I'd suggest it's probably older than that. – Jules Jul 31 '18 at 14:34 @Jules - I'll have some time later today, would you be interested in dividing up the 1975-1980 period so we can get through them? I don't think this was in Byte, but an index of type-ins from that era would be valuable anyway. – Maury Markowitz Jul 31 '18 at 14:53 SM-1420 was on the market since 1983. The original game is definitely older than that; and likely older than 1980. It had to be ported to Pascal-BESM (a dialect with break/continue-like constructs, but otherwise close to Wirth's) as there was no BASIC implementation for the BESM-6, at least at the time - as a matter of fact, I don't know if it was ever done - and the room names had to be modified to make their initial letters unique in Russian. – Leo B. Jul 31 '18 at 16:26 Thanks for contributing an answer to Retrocomputing Stack Exchange! Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged identify-this-game or ask your own question. Looking for Win95 game with vector graphic Where and what was Haunt.bat? A game pre-loaded on a c1992 PC Game from the mid-nineties with hovering vehicles 2000's RPG PC game PET game, enemies attempt to break through several concentric sets of walls Looking for a platformer game What is this old PC truck game? Name of Atari ST 3D game? Looking for a MS-DOS cars game Looking for educational AI game for classic macos	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2728
__label__cc	0.672999	0.327001	Three Women Taking the Industry by Storm By Rebag Feb. 12, 2018 Behind some of the oldest luxury fashion houses, there have been some of the most influential female leaders. This month we highlight three women and their unique ways they have shaped, and continue to shape, the typically male dominated fashion industry. 1. PHOEBE PHILO You would be hard pressed to find anyone that didn’t recognize the name or her contributions to women’s fashion. During her time at Chloé and Céline, she not only resuscitated the brands themselves, but also inadvertently created a movement for women who were struggling to find their voice within an ostensibly homogeneous aesthetic. So powerful was her effect that during her stint at Céline, the term “Céline-ification” had even been coined; strong, sophisticated, impeccable, unconventional, cool, and (gasp) easy-to-wear. But, as the saying goes, all good things must come to an end. Recent news of Philo’s decision to take a breather from the fashion world stung, but we should be reminded that this move actually demonstrates why we’d always been so captivated by her and, well, low key obsessed. The sum of it is simply this: she came, she conquered, and now she is unapologetically moving on to the next chapter in her life (in this case, meaning spending some much-needed time with her family). Her values, her goals, and her integrity were not to be compromised. Never intentionally trying to be disruptive, yet having such an unforgettable effect on the industry, Philo inadvertently led by example, leaving behind a legacy and passing on a remarkable torch. 2. MARIA GRAZIA CHIURI Debuting her first collection at Paris Fashion Week in 2016, Chiuri’s opening look for SS17 consisted of a white fencing jacket paired with knickerbockers; a perfect introduction to this seasoned designer’s translation of modern femininity. However, what surely got everyone’s attention - and what was soon to become one of the most popular pieces to be taken straight off the runway that year - was the slogan emblazoned on all of her t-shirts: “We should all be feminists”. And for SS18, it was the question: “Why have there been no great female artists?”. She is Dior’s first female creative director since the fashion house was founded in 1946, and after her 17-year tenure at Valentino, there was a flurry of buzz and focused curiosity on what changes, if any, Chiuri was going to bring to the brand. And not only has she opened up the Dior runway as a forum for conversation of women and the arts, she is actively pushing for change behind the runway as well - most recently, announcing a new mentorship program for female students and pledging to fight for the ban of underweight and underaged models. Asking the difficult questions and continuing to push for change, this is likely just the beginning of the profound effect Chiuri will have on this industry. 3. MIUCCIA PRADA Miuccia Prada has remained at the helm of this fashion house for 40 years. Yes, 4 decades... just let that sink in for a moment. Whether you knew about her or not, current, past, and many future generations will have at least heard and/or coveted the brand itself. Commonly coined the “intellectual designer”, this doctorate-touting designer (with, by the way, training in mime), is also famously known to be a bit of an enigma. Old, new, beautiful, ugly, classical, modern, passionate, unaffected...she somehow embraces all of these things. Oh, and the term “Ugly Chic”? We have her to thank for adding this to the fashion vernacular. In her youth, Prada once felt the pangs of guilt of being a part of world she had considered “bourgeois”. But her love for the craft and her desire to make beautiful things could not be ignored. This might explain the unrelenting dedication to creating only what she wants, and apologetically so. And after so many years of continued authenticity and success, and never straying from her own vision, she has remained an inspiration to her peers and her audience. Which is why it should come as no surprise that she is one of Forbes’ 100 Most Powerful Women of 2017 (and the only one of this list in fashion & retail). More From Rebag REBAG IRL Real Purchases Styled To Perfection In The Real World Read More The Summer Event Guide The Best Bags For Every Situation Read More Chanel 101: The Shopping Tote A Closer Look At Chanel’s Most Classic Tote Read More	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2733
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Hirshleifer, Jack and Coll Martinez, Juan Carlos (1988), 'What Strategies can Support the Evolutionary Emergence of Cooperation?', 32 Journal of Conflict Resolution , 367-398. Huanca Ayaviri, Felix (1995), Analisis Economico del Derecho , La Paz, Fondo Editorial de la Universidad Iberoamericana. Huntington, Samuel (1979), 'Modernization and Corruption', in Ekpo (ed.), Monday, Bureaucratic Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a Search for Causes and Consequences , Washington, University Press of America. Inman, Richard (1990), Markets, Government, and the 'New' Political Economy , Cambridge (MA), MIT Press. James, William Roden (1973), Modern Land Law in Nigeria , University of Ife Press. Karst, Kenneth L. (1966), Latin American Legal Institutions: Problems for Comparative Study , Los Angeles, UCLA Latin American Center. Karst, Kenneth L. and Rosen, Keith (1975), Law and Development in Latin America , Berkeley, University of California Press. Kikeri, Sunita, Nellis, John and Shirley, Mary (1992), Privatization: The Lessons of Experience , Washington, World Bank. Kirchner, Christian (1991), 'The Difficult Reception of Law and Economics in Germany', 11 International Review of Law and Economics , 277-292. Kitch, Edmund W. (1983), 'Intellectual Foundations of Law and Economics', 33(2) Journal of Legal Education , 183-209. Klitgaard, Robert (1988), Controlling Corruption , Berkeley, University of California Press, 220 p. Klitgaard, Robert (1991), Adjusting to Reality: Beyond State versus market in Economic Development , San Francisco, ICS Press. Kornhauser, Lewis A. (1984), 'The Great Image of Authority', 36(1) Stanford Law Review , 349-389. Larson, Bruce A. and Bromley, Daniel W. (1990), 'Property Rights, Externalities, and Resource Degradation: Locating the Tragedy', 33 Journal of Development Economics , 235-362. Leff, Arthur A. (1974), 'Economic Analysis of Law: Some Realism About Nominalism', 60 Virginia Law Review , 78 ff. Leoni, Bruno (1991), Freedom and the Law , Indianapolis, Liberty Fund. Long, Clarisa and Buscaglia, Edgardo (1996), 'A Quantitative Analysis of the Legal and Economic Integration in Latin America', in Buscaglia, Edgardo, Ratliff, William, and Cooter, Robert (eds.), Law and Economics of Development , Greenwood, JAI Press. Lucas, Robert E. (1988), 'On the Mechanics of Economic Development', 22 Journal of Monetary Economics , 248-257. Makgetla, Neva and Seidman, Robert B. (1989), 'The Applicability of Law and Economics to Policymaking in the Third World', 23 Journal of Economic Issues , 35-77. Malloy, Robin Paul (1986), 'Equating Human Rights and Property Rights. the Need for a Moral Judgment in an Economic Analysis of Law and Social Policy', 163 Ohio State Law Journal , 78-89. Marasinghe, M.L. (1984), 'Towards a Third World Perspective of Jurisprudence', in Marasingue, M.L. and Conklin, W.E. 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Mattei, Ugo and Pardolesi, Roberto (1991), 'Law and Economics in Civil Law Countries: A Comparative Approach', 11 International Review of Law and Economics , 265-275. Mattick, Ross (1992), 'Agrarian Reform in West Bengal: The End of an Illusion', 20(5) World Development , 735-750. Mauro, Paolo (1995), 'Corruption and Growth', CXI Quarterly Journal of Economics , 681-711. McGee, Robert W. (1992), The market solution to economic development in Eastern Europe , The Edwin Mellen Press, 320 p. McKinnon, Ronald I. (1991), Lessons of Economic Liberalization: Financial Control in the Transition to a Market Economy , Baltimore (MD), John Hopkins University Press. Mercuro, Nicholas and Ryan, Timothy P. (1984), Law, Economics, and Public Policy , Greenwood, JAI Press. Merryman, John Henry (1985), The Civil Law Tradition , Stanford, Stanford University Press. 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__label__cc	0.524648	0.475352	Justia Regulation Tracker Agencies And Commissions Nuclear Regulatory Commission In the Matter of All Licensees Identified in Attachment 1 and All Other Persons Who Obtain Safeguards Information Described Herein; Order Imposing Requirements for the Protection of Certain Safeguards Information (Effective Immediately), 67980-67985 [E7-23366] In the Matter of All Licensees Identified in Attachment 1 and All Other Persons Who Obtain Safeguards Information Described Herein; Order Imposing Requirements for the Protection of Certain Safeguards Information (Effective Immediately), 67980-67985 [E7-23366] Download as PDF mstockstill on PROD1PC66 with NOTICES 67980 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 231 / Monday, December 3, 2007 / Notices ORIMDNRCOOOZ) or, where practicable, other fingerprint records for each individual seeking access to Safeguards Information, to the Director of the Division of Facilities and Security, marked for the attention of the Division’s Criminal History Check Section. Copies of these forms may be obtained by writing the Office of Information Services, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555–0001, by calling (301) 415– 5877, or by e-mail to forms@nrc.gov. Practicable alternative formats are set forth in 10 CFR part 73.4. The Licensee shall establish procedures to ensure that the quality of the fingerprints taken results in minimizing the rejection rate of fingerprint cards due to illegible or incomplete cards. The NRC will review submitted fingerprint cards for completeness. Any Form FD–258 fingerprint record containing omissions or evident errors will be returned to the Licensee for corrections. The fee for processing fingerprint checks includes one resubmission if the initial submission is returned by the FBI because the fingerprint impressions cannot be classified. The one free re-submission must have the FBI Transaction Control Number reflected on the re-submission. If additional submissions are necessary, they will be treated as initial submittals and will require a second payment of the processing fee. Fees for processing fingerprint checks are due upon application. Licensees shall submit payment with the application for processing fingerprints by corporate check, certified check, cashier’s check, money order, or electronic payment, made payable to ‘‘U.S. NRC.’’ [For guidance on making electronic payments, contact the Facilities Security Branch, Division of Facilities and Security, at (301) 415– 7404]. Combined payment for multiple applications is acceptable. The application fee (currently $27) is the sum of the user fee charged by the FBI for each fingerprint card or other fingerprint record submitted by the NRC on behalf of a Licensee, and an NRC processing fee, which covers administrative costs associated with NRC handling of Licensee fingerprint submissions. The Commission will directly notify Licensees who are subject to this regulation of any fee changes. The Commission will forward to the submitting Licensee all data received from the FBI as a result of the Licensee’s application(s) for criminal history records checks, including the FBI fingerprint record. VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:17 Nov 30, 2007 Jkt 214001 Right To Correct and Complete Information Prior to any final adverse determination, the Licensee shall make available to the individual the contents of any criminal records obtained from the FBI for the purpose of assuring correct and complete information. Written confirmation by the individual of receipt of this notification must be maintained by the Licensee for a period of one (1) year from the date of the notification. If, after reviewing the record, an individual believes that it is incorrect or incomplete in any respect and wishes to change, correct, or update the alleged deficiency, or to explain any matter in the record, the individual may initiate challenge procedures. These procedures include either direct application by the individual challenging the record to the agency (i.e., law enforcement agency) that contributed the questioned information, or direct challenge as to the accuracy or completeness of any entry on the criminal history record to the Assistant Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation Identification Division, Washington, DC 20537–9700 (as set forth in 28 CFR Part 16.30 through 16.34). In the latter case, the FBI forwards the challenge to the agency that submitted the data and requests that agency to verify or correct the challenged entry. Upon receipt of an official communication directly from the agency that contributed the original information, the FBI Identification Division makes any changes necessary in accordance with the information supplied by that agency. The Licensee must provide at least ten (10) days for an individual to initiate an action challenging the results of an FBI criminal history records check after the record is made available for his/her review. The Licensee may make a final SGI access determination based upon the criminal history record only upon receipt of the FBI’s ultimate confirmation or correction of the record. Upon a final adverse determination on access to SGI, the Licensee shall provide the individual its documented basis for denial. Access to SGI shall not be granted to an individual during the review process. and maintained to persons other than the subject individual, his/her representative, or to those who have a need to access the information in performing assigned duties in the process of determining access to Safeguards Information. No individual authorized to have access to the information may re-disseminate the information to any other individual who does not have a need-to-know. 3. The personal information obtained on an individual from a criminal history record check may be transferred to another Licensee if the Licensee holding the criminal history record check receives the individual’s written request to re-disseminate the information contained in his/her file, and the gaining Licensee verifies information such as the individual’s name, date of birth, Social Security number, sex, and other applicable physical characteristics for identification purposes. 4. The Licensee shall make criminal history records, obtained under this section, available for examination by an authorized representative of the NRC to determine compliance with the regulations and laws. 5. The Licensee shall retain all fingerprint and criminal history records received from the FBI, or a copy if the individual’s file has been transferred, for three (3) years after termination of employment or determination of access to SGI (whether access was approved or denied). After the required three (3) year period, these documents shall be destroyed by a method that will prevent reconstruction of the information in whole or in part. [FR Doc. E7–23364 Filed 11–30–07; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 7590–01–P NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [EA–07–251] In the Matter of All Licensees Identified in Attachment 1 and All Other Persons Who Obtain Safeguards Information Described Herein; Order Imposing Requirements for the Protection of Certain Safeguards Information (Effective Immediately) Protection of Information I 1. Each Licensee who obtains a criminal history record on an individual pursuant to this Order shall establish and maintain a system of files and procedures for protecting the record and the personal information from unauthorized disclosure. 2. The Licensee may not disclose the record or personal information collected The Licensee, identified in Attachment 11 to this Order, holds a license issued in accordance with the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, (AEA) by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC or Commission), PO 00000 Frm 00100 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 1 Attachment 1 contains sensitive information and will not be released to the public. E:\FR\FM\03DEN1.SGM 03DEN1 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 231 / Monday, December 3, 2007 / Notices authorizing it to possess and transfer items containing radioactive material quantities of concern. The NRC intends to issue security Orders to this licensee in the near future. The Order will require compliance with specific compensatory measures to enhance the security for large panoramic irradiators. The Commission has determined that these documents will contain Safeguards Information, will not be released to the public, and must be protected from unauthorized disclosure. Therefore, the Commission is imposing the requirements, as set forth in Attachments 2 and 3 to this Order and in Order EA–07–252, so that the Licensee can receive these documents. This Order also imposes requirements for the protection of Safeguards Information in the hands of any person, 2 whether or not a licensee of the Commission, who produces, receives, or acquires Safeguards Information. II mstockstill on PROD1PC66 with NOTICES The Commission has broad statutory authority to protect and prohibit the unauthorized disclosure of Safeguards Information. Section 147 of the AEA grants the Commission explicit authority to ‘‘* * * issue such orders, as necessary to prohibit the unauthorized disclosure of safeguards information* * .’’ This authority extends to information concerning the security measures for the physical protection of special nuclear material, source material, and byproduct material. Licensees and all persons who produce, receive, or acquire Safeguards Information must ensure proper handling and protection of Safeguards Information to avoid unauthorized disclosure in accordance with the specific requirements for the protection of Safeguards Information contained in Attachments 2 and 3 to this Order. The Commission hereby provides notice that it intends to treat violations of the requirements contained in Attachments 2 and 3 to this Order applicable to the handling and unauthorized disclosure of Safeguards Information as serious breaches of adequate protection of the 2 Person means (1) any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group, government agency other than the Commission or the Department of Energy, except that the Department of Energy shall be considered a person with respect to those facilities of the Department of Energy specified in section 202 of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (88 Stat. 1244), any State or any political subdivision of, or any political entity within a State, any foreign government or nation or any political subdivision of any such government or nation, or other entity; and (2) any legal successor, representative, agent, or agency of the foregoing. VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:17 Nov 30, 2007 Jkt 214001 public health and safety and the common defense and security of the United States. Access to Safeguards Information is limited to those persons who have established the need to know the information, are considered to be trustworthy and reliable, and meet the requirements of Order EA–07–252. A need-to-know means a determination by a person having responsibility for protecting Safeguards Information that a proposed recipient’s access to Safeguards Information is necessary in the performance of official, contractual, or licensee duties of employment. The Licensee and all other persons who obtain Safeguards Information must ensure that they develop, maintain and implement strict policies and procedures for the proper handling of Safeguards Information to prevent unauthorized disclosure, in accordance with the requirements in Attachments 2 and 3 to this Order. The Licensee must ensure that all contractors whose employees may have access to Safeguards Information either adhere to the licensee’s policies and procedures on Safeguards Information or develop, or maintain and implement their own acceptable policies and procedures. The Licensee remains responsible for the conduct of their contractors. The policies and procedures necessary to ensure compliance with applicable requirements contained in Attachments 2 and 3 to this Order must address, at a minimum, the following: The general performance requirement that each person who produces, receives, or acquires Safeguards Information shall ensure that Safeguards Information is protected against unauthorized disclosure; protection of Safeguards Information at fixed sites, in use and in storage, and while in transit; correspondence containing Safeguards Information; access to Safeguards Information; preparation, marking, reproduction and destruction of documents; external transmission of documents; use of automatic data processing systems; removal of the Safeguards Information category; the need-to-know the information; and background checks to determine access to the information. In order to provide assurance that the Licensee is implementing prudent measures to achieve a consistent level of protection to prohibit the unauthorized disclosure of Safeguards Information, the Licensee shall implement the requirements identified in Attachments 2 and 3 to this Order. In addition, pursuant to 10 CFR 2.202, I find that in light of the common defense and security matters identified above, which PO 00000 Frm 00101 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 67981 warrant the issuance of this Order, the public health, safety and interest require that this Order be effective immediately. III Accordingly, pursuant to Sections 81, 147, 161b, 161i, 161o, 182 and 186 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and the Commission’s regulations in 10 CFR 2.202, 10 CFR part 30, 10 CFR part 32, 10 CFR part 35, and 10 CFR part 70, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY, THAT ALL LICENSEES IDENTIFIED IN ATTACHMENT 1 TO THIS ORDER AND ALL OTHER PERSONS WHO PRODUCE, RECEIVE, OR ACQUIRE THE ADDITIONAL SECURITY MEASURES IDENTIFIED ABOVE (WHETHER DRAFT OR FINAL) OR ANY RELATED SAFEGUARDS INFORMATION SHALL COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF ATTACHMENTS 2 AND 3 TO THIS ORDER. The Director, Office of Federal and State Materials and Environmental Management Programs, may, in writing, relax or rescind any of the above conditions upon demonstration of good cause by the licensee. IV In accordance with 10 CFR 2.202, the Licensee must, and any other person adversely affected by this Order may, submit an answer to this Order within twenty (20) days of the date of this Order. In addition, the Licensee and any other person adversely affected by this Order may request a hearing of this Order within twenty (20) days of the date of the Order. Where good cause is shown, consideration will be given to extending the time to request a hearing. A request for extension of time must be made, in writing, to the Director, Office of Federal and State Materials and Environmental Management Programs, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555, and include a statement of good cause for the extension. The answer may consent to this Order. If the answer includes a request for a hearing, it shall, under oath or affirmation, specifically set forth the matters of fact and law on which the Licensee relies and the reasons as to why the Order should not have been issued. If a person other than the Licensee requests a hearing, that person shall set forth with particularity the manner in which his interest is adversely affected by this Order and shall address the criteria set forth in 10 CFR 2.309(d). A request for a hearing must be filed in accordance with the NRC E-Filing E:\FR\FM\03DEN1.SGM 03DEN1 mstockstill on PROD1PC66 with NOTICES 67982 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 231 / Monday, December 3, 2007 / Notices rule, which became effective on October 15, 2007. The E-Filing Final Rule was issued on August 28, 2007, (72 Fed. Reg. 49,139). The E-Filing process requires participants to submit and serve documents over the internet or, in some cases, to mail copies on electronic optical storage media. Participants may not submit paper copies of their filings unless they seek a waiver in accordance with the procedures described below. To comply with the procedural requirements associated with E-Filing, at least five (5) days prior to the filing deadline the requestor must contact the Office of the Secretary by e-mail at HEARINGDOCKET@NRC.GOV, or by calling (301) 415–1677, to request (1) a digital ID certificate, which allows the participant (or its counsel or representative) to digitally sign documents and access the E-Submittal server for any NRC proceeding in which it is participating; and/or (2) creation of an electronic docket for the proceeding (even in instances when the requestor (or its counsel or representative) already holds an NRC-issued digital ID certificate). Each requestor will need to download the Workplace Forms ViewerTM to access the Electronic Information Exchange (EIE), a component of the E-Filing system. The Workplace Forms ViewerTM is free and is available at http://www.nrc.gov/sitehelp/e-submittals/install-viewer.html. Information about applying for a digital ID certificate also is available on NRC’s public Web site at http://www.nrc.gov/ site-help/e-submittals/applycertificates.html. Once a requestor has obtained a digital ID certificate, had a docket created, and downloaded the EIE viewer, it can then submit a request for a hearing through EIE. Submissions should be in Portable Document Format (PDF) in accordance with NRC guidance available on the NRC public Web site at http://www.nrc.gov/site-help/esubmittals.html. A filing is considered complete at the time the filer submits its document through EIE. To be timely, electronic filings must be submitted to the EIE system no later than 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the due date. Upon receipt of a transmission, the E-Filing system time-stamps the document and sends the submitter an e-mail notice confirming receipt of the document. The EIE system also distributes an e-mail notice that provides access to the document to the NRC Office of the General Counsel and any others who have advised the Office of the Secretary that they wish to participate in the proceeding, so that the filer need not serve the document on those participants separately. Therefore, any VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:17 Nov 30, 2007 Jkt 214001 others who wish to participate in the proceeding (or their counsel or representative) must apply for and receive a digital ID certificate before a hearing request is filed so that they may obtain access to the document via the EFiling system. A person filing electronically may seek assistance through the ‘‘Contact Us’’ link located on the NRC Web site at http://www.nrc.gov/site-help/esubmittals.html or by calling the NRC technical help line, which is available between 8:30 a.m. and 4:15 p.m., Eastern Time, Monday through Friday. The help line number is (800) 397–4209 or locally, (301) 415–4737. Participants who believe that they have good cause for not submitting documents electronically must file a motion, in accordance with 10 CFR 2.302(g), with their initial paper filing requesting authorization to continue to submit documents in paper format. Such filings must be submitted by (1) first class mail addressed to the Office of the Secretary of the Commission, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555–0001, Attention: Rulemaking and Adjudications Staff; or (2) courier, express mail, or expedited delivery service to the Office of the Secretary, Sixteenth Floor, One White Flint North, 11555 Rockville, Pike, Rockville, Maryland, 20852, Attention: Rulemaking and Adjudications Staff. Participants filing a document in this manner are responsible for serving the document on all other participants. Filing is considered complete by firstclass mail as of the time of deposit in the mail, or by courier, express mail, or expedited delivery service upon depositing the document with the provider of the service. Documents submitted in adjudicatory proceedings will appear in NRC’s electronic hearing docket which is available to the public at http:// ehd.nrc.gov/EHD_Proceeding/home.asp, unless excluded pursuant to an order of the Commission, an Atomic Safety and Licensing Board, or a Presiding Officer. Participants are requested not to include personal privacy information, such as social security numbers, home addresses, or home phone numbers in their filings. With respect to copyrighted works, except for limited excerpts that serve the purpose of the adjudicatory filings and would constitute a Fair Use application, Participants are requested not to include copyrighted materials in their works. If a hearing is requested by the Licensee or a person whose interest is adversely affected, the Commission will issue an Order designating the time and place of any hearing. If a hearing is held PO 00000 Frm 00102 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 the issue to be considered at such hearing shall be whether this Order should be sustained. Pursuant to 10 CFR 2.202(c)(2)(i), the Licensee may, in addition to requesting a hearing, at the time the answer is filed or sooner, move the presiding officer to set aside the immediate effectiveness of the Order on the ground that the Order, including the need for immediate effectiveness, is not based on adequate evidence but on mere suspicion, unfounded allegations, or error. In the absence of any request for hearing, or written approval of an extension of time in which to request a hearing, the provisions specified in Section III above shall be final twenty (20) days from the date of this Order without further order or proceedings. If an extension of time for requesting a hearing has been approved, the provisions specified in Section III shall be final when the extension expires if a hearing request has not been received. An answer or a request for hearing shall not stay the immediate effectiveness of this order. Dated this 20th day of November 2007. For The Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Charles L. Miller, Director, Office of Federal and State Materials and Environmental Management Programs. Attachment 1: List of Applicable Materials Licensees Redacted Attachment 2: Modified Handling Requirements for the Protection of Certain Safeguards Information (SGI– M) Modified Handling Requirements for the Protection of Certain Safeguards Information (SGI–M) General Requirement Information and material that the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) determines are safeguards information must be protected from unauthorized disclosure. In order to distinguish information needing modified protection requirements from the safeguards information for reactors and fuel cycle facilities that require a higher level of protection, the term ‘‘Safeguards Information—Modified Handling’’ (SGI– M) is being used as the distinguishing marking for certain materials licensees. Each person who produces, receives, or acquires SGI–M shall ensure that it is protected against unauthorized disclosure. To meet this requirement, licensees and persons shall establish and maintain an information protection system that includes the measures specified below. Information protection procedures employed by state and local police forces are deemed to meet these requirements. E:\FR\FM\03DEN1.SGM 03DEN1 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 231 / Monday, December 3, 2007 / Notices Persons Subject to These Requirements Any person, whether or not a licensee of the NRC, who produces, receives, or acquires SGI–M is subject to the requirements (and sanctions) of this document. Firms and their employees that supply services or equipment to materials licensees would fall under this requirement if they possess facility SGI– M. A licensee must inform contractors and suppliers of the existence of these requirements and the need for proper protection. (See more under Conditions for Access) State or local police units who have access to SGI–M are also subject to these requirements. However, these organizations are deemed to have adequate information protection systems. The conditions for transfer of information to a third party, i.e., needto-know, would still apply to the police organization as would sanctions for unlawful disclosure. Again, it would be prudent for licensees who have arrangements with local police to advise them of the existence of these requirements. Criminal and Civil Sanctions The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, explicitly provides that any person, ‘‘whether or not a licensee of the Commission, who violates any regulations adopted under this section shall be subject to the civil monetary penalties of section 234 of this Act.’’ Furthermore, willful violation of any regulation or order governing safeguards information is a felony subject to criminal penalties in the form of fines or imprisonment, or both. See sections 147b. and 223 of the Act. mstockstill on PROD1PC66 with NOTICES Conditions for Access Access to SGI–M beyond the initial recipients of the order will be governed by the background check requirements imposed by the order. Access to SGI–M by licensee employees, agents, or contractors must include both an appropriate need-to-know determination by the licensee, as well as a determination concerning the trustworthiness of individuals having access to the information. Employees of an organization affiliated with the licensee’s company, e.g., a parent company, may be considered as employees of the licensee for access purposes. Need-to-Know Need-to-know is defined as a determination by a person having responsibility for protecting SGI–M that a proposed recipient’s access to SGI–M is necessary in the performance of official, contractual, or licensee duties VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:17 Nov 30, 2007 Jkt 214001 of employment. The recipient should be made aware that the information is SGI– M and those having access to it are subject to these requirements as well as criminal and civil sanctions for mishandling the information. Occupational Groups Dissemination of SGI–M is limited to individuals who have an established need-to-know and who are members of certain occupational groups. These occupational groups are: A. An employee, agent, or contractor of an applicant, a licensee, the Commission, or the United States Government; B. A member of a duly authorized committee of the Congress; C. The Governor of a State or his designated representative; D. A representative of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) engaged in activities associated with the U.S./IAEA Safeguards Agreement who has been certified by the NRC; E. A member of a state or local law enforcement authority that is responsible for responding to requests for assistance during safeguards emergencies; or F. A person to whom disclosure is ordered pursuant to Section 2.744(e) of Part 2 of part 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations. G. State Radiation Control Program Directors (and State Homeland Security Directors) or their designees. In a generic sense, the individuals described above in (A) through (G) are considered to be trustworthy by virtue of their employment status. For nongovernmental individuals in group (A) above, a determination of reliability and trustworthiness is required. Discretion must be exercised in granting access to these individuals. If there is any indication that the recipient would be unwilling or unable to provide proper protection for the SGI–M, they are not authorized to receive SGI–M. Information Considered for Safeguards Information Designation Information deemed SGI–M is information the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to have a significant adverse effect on the health and safety of the public or the common defense and security by significantly increasing the likelihood of theft, diversion, or sabotage of materials or facilities subject to NRC jurisdiction. SGI–M identifies safeguards information which is subject to these requirements. These requirements are necessary in order to protect quantities of nuclear material significant to the PO 00000 Frm 00103 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 67983 health and safety of the public or common defense and security. The overall measure for consideration of SGI–M is the usefulness of the information (security or otherwise) to an adversary in planning or attempting a malevolent act. The specificity of the information increases the likelihood that it will be useful to an adversary. Protection While in Use While in use, SGI–M shall be under the control of an authorized individual. This requirement is satisfied if the SGI– M is attended by an authorized individual even though the information is in fact not constantly being used. SGI–M, therefore, within alarm stations, continuously manned guard posts or ready rooms need not be locked in file drawers or storage containers. Under certain conditions the general control exercised over security zones or areas would be considered to meet this requirement. The primary consideration is limiting access to those who have a need-to-know. Some examples would be: Alarm stations, guard posts and guard ready rooms; Engineering or drafting areas if visitors are escorted and information is not clearly visible; Plant maintenance areas if access is restricted and information is not clearly visible; Administrative offices (e.g., central records or purchasing) if visitors are escorted and information is not clearly visible. Protection While in Storage While unattended, SGI–M shall be stored in a locked file drawer or container. Knowledge of lock combinations or access to keys protecting SGI–M shall be limited to a minimum number of personnel for operating purposes who have a ‘‘needto-know’’ and are otherwise authorized access to SGI–M in accordance with these requirements. Access to lock combinations or keys shall be strictly controlled so as to prevent disclosure to an unauthorized individual. Transportation of Documents and Other Matter Documents containing SGI–M when transmitted outside an authorized place of use or storage shall be enclosed in two sealed envelopes or wrappers. The inner envelope or wrapper shall contain the name and address of the intended recipient, and be marked both sides, top and bottom with the words ‘‘Safeguards Information—Modified Handling.’’ The outer envelope or wrapper must be addressed to the intended recipient, E:\FR\FM\03DEN1.SGM 03DEN1 67984 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 231 / Monday, December 3, 2007 / Notices must contain the address of the sender, and must not bear any markings or indication that the document contains SGI–M. SGI–M may be transported by any commercial delivery company that provides nationwide overnight service with computer tracking features, U.S. first class, registered, express, or certified mail, or by any individual authorized access pursuant to these requirements. Within a facility, SGI–M may be transmitted using a single opaque envelope. It may also be transmitted within a facility without single or double wrapping, provided adequate measures are taken to protect the material against unauthorized disclosure. Individuals transporting SGI–M should retain the documents in their personal possession at all times or ensure that the information is appropriately wrapped and also secured to preclude compromise by an unauthorized individual. mstockstill on PROD1PC66 with NOTICES Preparation and Marking of Documents While the NRC is the sole authority for determining what specific information may be designated as ‘‘SGI– M,’’ originators of documents are responsible for determining whether those documents contain such information. Each document or other matter that contains SGI–M shall be marked ‘‘Safeguards Information— Modified Handling’’ in a conspicuous manner on the top and bottom of the first page to indicate the presence of protected information. The first page of the document must also contain (i) the name, title, and organization of the individual authorized to make a SGI–M determination, and who has determined that the document contains SGI–M, (ii) the date the document was originated or the determination made, (iii) an indication that the document contains SGI–M, and (iv) an indication that unauthorized disclosure would be subject to civil and criminal sanctions. Each additional page shall be marked in a conspicuous fashion at the top and bottom with letters denoting ‘‘Safeguards Information Modified Handling.’’ In addition to the ‘‘Safeguards Information—Modified Handling’’ markings at the top and bottom of each page, transmittal letters or memoranda which do not in themselves contain SGI–M shall be marked to indicate that attachments or enclosures contain SGI– M but that the transmittal does not (e.g., ‘‘When separated from SGI–M enclosure(s), this document is decontrolled’’). VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:17 Nov 30, 2007 Jkt 214001 In addition to the information required on the face of the document, each item of correspondence that contains SGI–M shall, by marking or other means, clearly indicate which portions (e.g., paragraphs, pages, or appendices) contain SGI–M and which do not. Portion marking is not required for physical security and safeguards contingency plans. All documents or other matter containing SGI–M in use or storage shall be marked in accordance with these requirements. A specific exception is provided for documents in the possession of contractors and agents of licensees that were produced more than one year prior to the effective date of the order. Such documents need not be marked unless they are removed from file drawers or containers. The same exception applies to old documents stored away from the facility in central files or corporation headquarters. Since information protection procedures employed by state and local police forces are deemed to meet NRC requirements, documents in the possession of these agencies need not be marked as set forth in this document. Removal From SGI–M Category Documents containing SGI–M shall be removed from the SGI–M category (decontrolled) only after the NRC determines that the information no longer meets the criteria of SGI–M. Licensees have the authority to make determinations that specific documents which they created no longer contain SGI–M information and may be decontrolled. Consideration must be exercised to ensure that any document decontrolled shall not disclose SGI–M in some other form or be combined with other unprotected information to disclose SGI–M. The authority to determine that a document may be decontrolled may be exercised only by, or with the permission of, the individual (or office) who made the original determination. The document shall indicate the name and organization of the individual removing the document from the SGI– M category and the date of the removal. Other persons who have the document in their possession should be notified of the decontrolling of the document. Reproduction of Matter Containing SGI–M SGI–M may be reproduced to the minimum extent necessary consistent with need without permission of the originator. Newer digital copiers which scan and retain images of documents represent a potential security concern. If the copier is retaining SGI–M PO 00000 Frm 00104 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 information in memory, the copier cannot be connected to a network. It should also be placed in a location that is cleared and controlled for the authorized processing of SGI–M information. Different copiers have different capabilities, including some which come with features that allow the memory to be erased. Each copier would have to be examined from a physical security perspective. Use of Automatic Data Processing (ADP) Systems SGI–M may be processed or produced on an ADP system provided that the system is assigned to the licensee’s or contractor’s facility and requires the use of an entry code/password for access to stored information. Licensees are encouraged to process this information in a computing environment that has adequate computer security controls in place to prevent unauthorized access to the information. An ADP system is defined here as a data processing system having the capability of long term storage of SGI–M. Word processors such as typewriters are not subject to the requirements as long as they do not transmit information offsite. (Note: if SGI–M is produced on a typewriter, the ribbon must be removed and stored in the same manner as other SGI–M information or media.) The basic objective of these restrictions is to prevent access and retrieval of stored SGI–M by unauthorized individuals, particularly from remote terminals. Specific files containing SGI–M will be password protected to preclude access by an unauthorized individual. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) maintains a listing of all validated encryption systems at http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/1401/ 1401val.htm. SGI–M files may be transmitted over a network if the file is encrypted. In such cases, the licensee will select a commercially available encryption system that NIST has validated as conforming to Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS). SGI–M files shall be properly labeled as ‘‘Safeguards Information— Modified Handling’’ and saved to removable media and stored in a locked file drawer or cabinet. Telecommunications SGI–M may not be transmitted by unprotected telecommunications circuits except under emergency or extraordinary conditions. For the purpose of this requirement, emergency or extraordinary conditions are defined as any circumstances that require immediate communications in order to report, summon assistance for, or E:\FR\FM\03DEN1.SGM 03DEN1 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 231 / Monday, December 3, 2007 / Notices respond to a security event (or an event that has potential security significance). This restriction applies to telephone, telegraph, teletype, facsimile circuits, and to radio. Routine telephone or radio transmission between site security personnel, or between the site and local police, should be limited to message formats or codes that do not disclose facility security features or response procedures. Similarly, call-ins during transport should not disclose information useful to a potential adversary. Infrequent or non-repetitive telephone conversations regarding a physical security plan or program are permitted provided that the discussion is general in nature. Individuals should use care when discussing SGI–M at meetings or in the presence of others to insure that the conversation is not overheard by persons not authorized access. Transcripts, tapes or minutes of meetings or hearings that contain SGI– M shall be marked and protected in accordance with these requirements. Destruction Documents containing SGI–M should be destroyed when no longer needed. They may be destroyed by tearing into small pieces, burning, shredding or any other method that precludes reconstruction by means available to the public at large. Piece sizes one half inch or smaller composed of several pages or documents and thoroughly mixed would be considered completely destroyed. mstockstill on PROD1PC66 with NOTICES Attachment 3: Trustworthiness and Reliability Requirements for Individuals Handling Safeguards Information Trustworthiness and Reliability Requirements for Individuals Handling Safeguards Information In order to ensure the safe handling, use, and control of information designated as Safeguards Information, each licensee shall control and limit access to the information to only those individuals who have established the need-to-know the information, and are considered to be trustworthy and reliable. Licensees shall document the basis for concluding that there is reasonable assurance that individuals granted access to Safeguards Information are trustworthy and reliable, and do not constitute an unreasonable risk for malevolent use of the information. The Licensee shall comply with the requirements of this attachment: 1. The trustworthiness and reliability of an individual shall be determined based on a background investigation: VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:17 Nov 30, 2007 Jkt 214001 (a) The background investigation shall address at least the past three (3) years, and, at a minimum, include verification of employment, education, and personal references. The licensee shall also, to the extent possible, obtain independent information to corroborate that provided by the employee (i.e., seeking references not supplied by the individual). (b) If an individual’s employment has been less than the required three (3) year period, educational references may be used in lieu of employment history. The licensee’s background investigation requirements may be satisfied for an individual that has an active Federal security clearance. 2. The licensee shall retain documentation regarding the trustworthiness and reliability of individual employees for three years after the individual’s employment ends. [FR Doc. E7–23366 Filed 11–30–07; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 7590–01–P OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET 2007 List of Designated Federal Entities and Federal Entities Office of Management and Budget. ACTION: Notice. AGENCY: SUMMARY: As required by the Inspector General Act of 1978, as amended (IG Act), this notice provides a list of Designated Federal Entities and Federal Entities. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Audrey Duchesne, Office of Federal Financial Management, Office of Management and Budget, telephone (202) 395–3993. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This notice provides the 2007 List of Designated Federal Entities and Federal Entities which, under the IG Act, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is required to publish annually. The previous list was published in the Federal Register on July 13, 2006 (71 FR 39691). This list is also posted on the OMB Web site at http:// www.whitehouse.gov/omb. The Designated Federal Entities have been updated to reflect the: (1) Addition of Amtrak’s statutory name, National Railroad Passenger Corporation; (2) addition of the Postal Regulatory Commission and its entity head as the Chairman to reflect the 2006 amendment to section 8G(a)(2) of the Inspector General (IG) Act (5 U.S.C. App. 3) by section 603(b) of the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act PO 00000 Frm 00105 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 67985 (Pub. L. 109–435 (Dec. 20, 2006); 39 U.S.C. 504; and (3) change in the title of the Denali Commission’s entity head from Chairperson to Federal Cochairperson for consistency with its enabling statute (42 U.S.C. 3121 note). The Federal Entities have been updated to reflect the: (1) Change of the Armed Forces Retirement Home entity head from Board of Directors to Chief Operating Officer consistent with the 2001 amendment of the Armed Forces Retirement Home Act of 1991 ((Pub. L. 101–510 Div. A, Tit. XV (Nov. 5, 1990); 24 U.S.C. 401 et seq.) by Sect. 1403 of Pub. L. 107–107 (Dec. 28, 2001), which established the Chief Operating Officer as the head, subject to the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense; and (2) deletion of the National Veterans Business Development Corporation established under 15 U.S.C. 657c(a) (and its entity head as the Chairperson) because the Corporation is a private entity that did not receive any appropriations in fiscal year 2007 and will likely not receive any in fiscal year 2008. The list is divided into two groups: Designated Federal Entities and Federal Entities. Designated Federal Entities are listed in the IG Act, except for those agencies that have ceased to exist or that have been deleted from the list. The Designated Federal Entities are required to establish and maintain Offices of Inspector General to: (1) Conduct and supervise audits and investigations relating to programs and operations; (2) promote economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of, and to prevent and detect fraud and abuse in such programs and operations; and (3) provide a means of keeping the entity head and the Congress fully and currently informed about problems and deficiencies relating to the administration of such programs and operations and the necessity for, and progress of, corrective actions. Section 8G(a)(1) of the IG Act defines a ‘‘Federal entity’’ as: Any Government corporation (within the meaning of section 103(1) of title 5, United States Code), any Government-controlled corporation (within the meaning of section 103(2) of such title), or any other entity in the Executive Branch of the Government, or any independent regulatory agency, but does not include: (1) An establishment (as defined in section 11(2) of this Act or part of an establishment; (2) A designated Federal entity [as defined in section 8G(a)(2) of the Act] or part of a designated Federal entity; (3) The Executive Office of the President; (4) The Central Intelligence Agency; E:\FR\FM\03DEN1.SGM 03DEN1 [Federal Register Volume 72, Number 231 (Monday, December 3, 2007)] [FR Doc No: E7-23366] [EA-07-251] In the Matter of All Licensees Identified in Attachment 1 and All Other Persons Who Obtain Safeguards Information Described Herein; Order Imposing Requirements for the Protection of Certain Safeguards Information (Effective Immediately) The Licensee, identified in Attachment 1\1\ to this Order, holds a license issued in accordance with the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, (AEA) by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC or Commission), authorizing it to possess and transfer items containing radioactive material quantities of concern. The NRC intends to issue security Orders to this licensee in the near future. The Order will require compliance with specific compensatory measures to enhance the security for large panoramic irradiators. The Commission has determined that these documents will contain Safeguards Information, will not be released to the public, and must be protected from unauthorized disclosure. Therefore, the Commission is imposing the requirements, as set forth in Attachments 2 and 3 to this Order and in Order EA-07-252, so that the Licensee can receive these documents. This Order also imposes requirements for the protection of Safeguards Information in the hands of any person, \2\ whether or not a licensee of the Commission, who produces, receives, or acquires Safeguards Information. \1\ Attachment 1 contains sensitive information and will not be released to the public. \2\ Person means (1) any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group, government agency other than the Commission or the Department of Energy, except that the Department of Energy shall be considered a person with respect to those facilities of the Department of Energy specified in section 202 of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (88 Stat. 1244), any State or any political subdivision of, or any political entity within a State, any foreign government or nation or any political subdivision of any such government or nation, or other entity; and (2) any legal successor, representative, agent, or agency of the foregoing. The Commission has broad statutory authority to protect and prohibit the unauthorized disclosure of Safeguards Information. Section 147 of the AEA grants the Commission explicit authority to `` * * issue such orders, as necessary to prohibit the unauthorized disclosure of safeguards information* * *.'' This authority extends to information concerning the security measures for the physical protection of special nuclear material, source material, and byproduct material. Licensees and all persons who produce, receive, or acquire Safeguards Information must ensure proper handling and protection of Safeguards Information to avoid unauthorized disclosure in accordance with the specific requirements for the protection of Safeguards Information contained in Attachments 2 and 3 to this Order. The Commission hereby provides notice that it intends to treat violations of the requirements contained in Attachments 2 and 3 to this Order applicable to the handling and unauthorized disclosure of Safeguards Information as serious breaches of adequate protection of the public health and safety and the common defense and security of the United States. Access to Safeguards Information is limited to those persons who have established the need to know the information, are considered to be trustworthy and reliable, and meet the requirements of Order EA-07-252. A need-to-know means a determination by a person having responsibility for protecting Safeguards Information that a proposed recipient's access to Safeguards Information is necessary in the performance of official, contractual, or licensee duties of employment. The Licensee and all other persons who obtain Safeguards Information must ensure that they develop, maintain and implement strict policies and procedures for the proper handling of Safeguards Information to prevent unauthorized disclosure, in accordance with the requirements in Attachments 2 and 3 to this Order. The Licensee must ensure that all contractors whose employees may have access to Safeguards Information either adhere to the licensee's policies and procedures on Safeguards Information or develop, or maintain and implement their own acceptable policies and procedures. The Licensee remains responsible for the conduct of their contractors. The policies and procedures necessary to ensure compliance with applicable requirements contained in Attachments 2 and 3 to this Order must address, at a minimum, the following: The general performance requirement that each person who produces, receives, or acquires Safeguards Information shall ensure that Safeguards Information is protected against unauthorized disclosure; protection of Safeguards Information at fixed sites, in use and in storage, and while in transit; correspondence containing Safeguards Information; access to Safeguards Information; preparation, marking, reproduction and destruction of documents; external transmission of documents; use of automatic data processing systems; removal of the Safeguards Information category; the need-to-know the information; and background checks to determine access to the information. In order to provide assurance that the Licensee is implementing prudent measures to achieve a consistent level of protection to prohibit the unauthorized disclosure of Safeguards Information, the Licensee shall implement the requirements identified in Attachments 2 and 3 to this Order. In addition, pursuant to 10 CFR 2.202, I find that in light of the common defense and security matters identified above, which warrant the issuance of this Order, the public health, safety and interest require that this Order be effective immediately. Accordingly, pursuant to Sections 81, 147, 161b, 161i, 161o, 182 and 186 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and the Commission's regulations in 10 CFR 2.202, 10 CFR part 30, 10 CFR part 32, 10 CFR part 35, and 10 CFR part 70, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY, THAT ALL LICENSEES IDENTIFIED IN ATTACHMENT 1 TO THIS ORDER AND ALL OTHER PERSONS WHO PRODUCE, RECEIVE, OR ACQUIRE THE ADDITIONAL SECURITY MEASURES IDENTIFIED ABOVE (WHETHER DRAFT OR FINAL) OR ANY RELATED SAFEGUARDS INFORMATION SHALL COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF ATTACHMENTS 2 AND 3 TO THIS ORDER. The Director, Office of Federal and State Materials and Environmental Management Programs, may, in writing, relax or rescind any of the above conditions upon demonstration of good cause by the licensee. In accordance with 10 CFR 2.202, the Licensee must, and any other person adversely affected by this Order may, submit an answer to this Order within twenty (20) days of the date of this Order. In addition, the Licensee and any other person adversely affected by this Order may request a hearing of this Order within twenty (20) days of the date of the Order. Where good cause is shown, consideration will be given to extending the time to request a hearing. A request for extension of time must be made, in writing, to the Director, Office of Federal and State Materials and Environmental Management Programs, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555, and include a statement of good cause for the extension. The answer may consent to this Order. If the answer includes a request for a hearing, it shall, under oath or affirmation, specifically set forth the matters of fact and law on which the Licensee relies and the reasons as to why the Order should not have been issued. If a person other than the Licensee requests a hearing, that person shall set forth with particularity the manner in which his interest is adversely affected by this Order and shall address the criteria set forth in 10 CFR 2.309(d). A request for a hearing must be filed in accordance with the NRC E- rule, which became effective on October 15, 2007. The E-Filing Final Rule was issued on August 28, 2007, (72 Fed. Reg. 49,139). The E-Filing process requires participants to submit and serve documents over the internet or, in some cases, to mail copies on electronic optical storage media. Participants may not submit paper copies of their filings unless they seek a waiver in accordance with the procedures described below. To comply with the procedural requirements associated with E- Filing, at least five (5) days prior to the filing deadline the requestor must contact the Office of the Secretary by e-mail at HEARINGDOCKET@NRC.GOV, or by calling (301) 415-1677, to request (1) a digital ID certificate, which allows the participant (or its counsel or representative) to digitally sign documents and access the E-Submittal server for any NRC proceeding in which it is participating; and/or (2) creation of an electronic docket for the proceeding (even in instances when the requestor (or its counsel or representative) already holds an NRC-issued digital ID certificate). Each requestor will need to download the Workplace Forms Viewer\TM\ to access the Electronic Information Exchange (EIE), a component of the E-Filing system. The Workplace Forms Viewer\TM\ is free and is available at http:// www.nrc.gov/site-help/e-submittals/install-viewer.html. Information about applying for a digital ID certificate also is available on NRC's public Web site at http://www.nrc.gov/site-help/e-submittals/apply- certificates.html. Once a requestor has obtained a digital ID certificate, had a docket created, and downloaded the EIE viewer, it can then submit a request for a hearing through EIE. Submissions should be in Portable Document Format (PDF) in accordance with NRC guidance available on the NRC public Web site at http://www.nrc.gov/site-help/e-submittals.html. A filing is considered complete at the time the filer submits its document through EIE. To be timely, electronic filings must be submitted to the EIE system no later than 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the due date. Upon receipt of a transmission, the E-Filing system time- stamps the document and sends the submitter an e-mail notice confirming receipt of the document. The EIE system also distributes an e-mail notice that provides access to the document to the NRC Office of the General Counsel and any others who have advised the Office of the Secretary that they wish to participate in the proceeding, so that the filer need not serve the document on those participants separately. Therefore, any others who wish to participate in the proceeding (or their counsel or representative) must apply for and receive a digital ID certificate before a hearing request is filed so that they may obtain access to the document via the E-Filing system. A person filing electronically may seek assistance through the ``Contact Us'' link located on the NRC Web site at http://www.nrc.gov/ site-help/e-submittals.html or by calling the NRC technical help line, which is available between 8:30 a.m. and 4:15 p.m., Eastern Time, Monday through Friday. The help line number is (800) 397-4209 or locally, (301) 415-4737. Participants who believe that they have good cause for not submitting documents electronically must file a motion, in accordance with 10 CFR 2.302(g), with their initial paper filing requesting authorization to continue to submit documents in paper format. Such filings must be submitted by (1) first class mail addressed to the Office of the Secretary of the Commission, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001, Attention: Rulemaking and Adjudications Staff; or (2) courier, express mail, or expedited delivery service to the Office of the Secretary, Sixteenth Floor, One White Flint North, 11555 Rockville, Pike, Rockville, Maryland, 20852, Attention: Rulemaking and Adjudications Staff. Participants filing a document in this manner are responsible for serving the document on all other participants. Filing is considered complete by first-class mail as of the time of deposit in the mail, or by courier, express mail, or expedited delivery service upon depositing the document with the provider of the service. Documents submitted in adjudicatory proceedings will appear in NRC's electronic hearing docket which is available to the public at http://ehd.nrc.gov/EHD_Proceeding/home.asp, unless excluded pursuant to an order of the Commission, an Atomic Safety and Licensing Board, or a Presiding Officer. Participants are requested not to include personal privacy information, such as social security numbers, home addresses, or home phone numbers in their filings. With respect to copyrighted works, except for limited excerpts that serve the purpose of the adjudicatory filings and would constitute a Fair Use application, Participants are requested not to include copyrighted materials in their works. If a hearing is requested by the Licensee or a person whose interest is adversely affected, the Commission will issue an Order designating the time and place of any hearing. If a hearing is held the issue to be considered at such hearing shall be whether this Order should be sustained. Pursuant to 10 CFR 2.202(c)(2)(i), the Licensee may, in addition to requesting a hearing, at the time the answer is filed or sooner, move the presiding officer to set aside the immediate effectiveness of the Order on the ground that the Order, including the need for immediate effectiveness, is not based on adequate evidence but on mere suspicion, unfounded allegations, or error. In the absence of any request for hearing, or written approval of an extension of time in which to request a hearing, the provisions specified in Section III above shall be final twenty (20) days from the date of this Order without further order or proceedings. If an extension of time for requesting a hearing has been approved, the provisions specified in Section III shall be final when the extension expires if a hearing request has not been received. An answer or a request for hearing shall not stay the immediate effectiveness of this order. Dated this 20th day of November 2007. For The Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Charles L. Miller, Director, Office of Federal and State Materials and Environmental Management Programs. Attachment 1: List of Applicable Materials Licensees Redacted Attachment 2: Modified Handling Requirements for the Protection of Certain Safeguards Information (SGI-M) Modified Handling Requirements for the Protection of Certain Safeguards Information (SGI-M) General Requirement Information and material that the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) determines are safeguards information must be protected from unauthorized disclosure. In order to distinguish information needing modified protection requirements from the safeguards information for reactors and fuel cycle facilities that require a higher level of protection, the term ``Safeguards Information--Modified Handling'' (SGI-M) is being used as the distinguishing marking for certain materials licensees. Each person who produces, receives, or acquires SGI-M shall ensure that it is protected against unauthorized disclosure. To meet this requirement, licensees and persons shall establish and maintain an information protection system that includes the measures specified below. Information protection procedures employed by state and local police forces are deemed to meet these requirements. Persons Subject to These Requirements Any person, whether or not a licensee of the NRC, who produces, receives, or acquires SGI-M is subject to the requirements (and sanctions) of this document. Firms and their employees that supply services or equipment to materials licensees would fall under this requirement if they possess facility SGI-M. A licensee must inform contractors and suppliers of the existence of these requirements and the need for proper protection. (See more under Conditions for Access) State or local police units who have access to SGI-M are also subject to these requirements. However, these organizations are deemed to have adequate information protection systems. The conditions for transfer of information to a third party, i.e., need-to-know, would still apply to the police organization as would sanctions for unlawful disclosure. Again, it would be prudent for licensees who have arrangements with local police to advise them of the existence of these Criminal and Civil Sanctions The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, explicitly provides that any person, ``whether or not a licensee of the Commission, who violates any regulations adopted under this section shall be subject to the civil monetary penalties of section 234 of this Act.'' Furthermore, willful violation of any regulation or order governing safeguards information is a felony subject to criminal penalties in the form of fines or imprisonment, or both. See sections 147b. and 223 of the Act. Conditions for Access Access to SGI-M beyond the initial recipients of the order will be governed by the background check requirements imposed by the order. Access to SGI-M by licensee employees, agents, or contractors must include both an appropriate need-to-know determination by the licensee, as well as a determination concerning the trustworthiness of individuals having access to the information. Employees of an organization affiliated with the licensee's company, e.g., a parent company, may be considered as employees of the licensee for access purposes. Need-to-Know Need-to-know is defined as a determination by a person having responsibility for protecting SGI-M that a proposed recipient's access to SGI-M is necessary in the performance of official, contractual, or licensee duties of employment. The recipient should be made aware that the information is SGI-M and those having access to it are subject to these requirements as well as criminal and civil sanctions for mishandling the information. Dissemination of SGI-M is limited to individuals who have an established need-to-know and who are members of certain occupational groups. These occupational groups are: A. An employee, agent, or contractor of an applicant, a licensee, the Commission, or the United States Government; B. A member of a duly authorized committee of the Congress; C. The Governor of a State or his designated representative; D. A representative of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) engaged in activities associated with the U.S./IAEA Safeguards Agreement who has been certified by the NRC; E. A member of a state or local law enforcement authority that is responsible for responding to requests for assistance during safeguards emergencies; or F. A person to whom disclosure is ordered pursuant to Section 2.744(e) of Part 2 of part 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations. G. State Radiation Control Program Directors (and State Homeland Security Directors) or their designees. In a generic sense, the individuals described above in (A) through (G) are considered to be trustworthy by virtue of their employment status. For non-governmental individuals in group (A) above, a determination of reliability and trustworthiness is required. Discretion must be exercised in granting access to these individuals. If there is any indication that the recipient would be unwilling or unable to provide proper protection for the SGI-M, they are not authorized to receive SGI-M. Information Considered for Safeguards Information Designation Information deemed SGI-M is information the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to have a significant adverse effect on the health and safety of the public or the common defense and security by significantly increasing the likelihood of theft, diversion, or sabotage of materials or facilities subject to NRC jurisdiction. SGI-M identifies safeguards information which is subject to these requirements. These requirements are necessary in order to protect quantities of nuclear material significant to the health and safety of the public or common defense and security. The overall measure for consideration of SGI-M is the usefulness of the information (security or otherwise) to an adversary in planning or attempting a malevolent act. The specificity of the information increases the likelihood that it will be useful to an adversary. Protection While in Use While in use, SGI-M shall be under the control of an authorized individual. This requirement is satisfied if the SGI-M is attended by an authorized individual even though the information is in fact not constantly being used. SGI-M, therefore, within alarm stations, continuously manned guard posts or ready rooms need not be locked in file drawers or storage containers. Under certain conditions the general control exercised over security zones or areas would be considered to meet this requirement. The primary consideration is limiting access to those who have a need- to-know. Some examples would be: Alarm stations, guard posts and guard ready rooms; Engineering or drafting areas if visitors are escorted and information is not clearly visible; Plant maintenance areas if access is restricted and information is not clearly visible; Administrative offices (e.g., central records or purchasing) if visitors are escorted and information is not clearly visible. Protection While in Storage While unattended, SGI-M shall be stored in a locked file drawer or container. Knowledge of lock combinations or access to keys protecting SGI-M shall be limited to a minimum number of personnel for operating purposes who have a ``need-to-know'' and are otherwise authorized access to SGI-M in accordance with these requirements. Access to lock combinations or keys shall be strictly controlled so as to prevent disclosure to an unauthorized individual. Transportation of Documents and Other Matter Documents containing SGI-M when transmitted outside an authorized place of use or storage shall be enclosed in two sealed envelopes or wrappers. The inner envelope or wrapper shall contain the name and address of the intended recipient, and be marked both sides, top and bottom with the words ``Safeguards Information--Modified Handling.'' The outer envelope or wrapper must be addressed to the intended recipient, must contain the address of the sender, and must not bear any markings or indication that the document contains SGI-M. SGI-M may be transported by any commercial delivery company that provides nationwide overnight service with computer tracking features, U.S. first class, registered, express, or certified mail, or by any individual authorized access pursuant to these requirements. Within a facility, SGI-M may be transmitted using a single opaque envelope. It may also be transmitted within a facility without single or double wrapping, provided adequate measures are taken to protect the material against unauthorized disclosure. Individuals transporting SGI- M should retain the documents in their personal possession at all times or ensure that the information is appropriately wrapped and also secured to preclude compromise by an unauthorized individual. Preparation and Marking of Documents While the NRC is the sole authority for determining what specific information may be designated as ``SGI-M,'' originators of documents are responsible for determining whether those documents contain such information. Each document or other matter that contains SGI-M shall be marked ``Safeguards Information--Modified Handling'' in a conspicuous manner on the top and bottom of the first page to indicate the presence of protected information. The first page of the document must also contain (i) the name, title, and organization of the individual authorized to make a SGI-M determination, and who has determined that the document contains SGI-M, (ii) the date the document was originated or the determination made, (iii) an indication that the document contains SGI-M, and (iv) an indication that unauthorized disclosure would be subject to civil and criminal sanctions. Each additional page shall be marked in a conspicuous fashion at the top and bottom with letters denoting ``Safeguards Information Modified Handling.'' In addition to the ``Safeguards Information--Modified Handling'' markings at the top and bottom of each page, transmittal letters or memoranda which do not in themselves contain SGI-M shall be marked to indicate that attachments or enclosures contain SGI-M but that the transmittal does not (e.g., ``When separated from SGI-M enclosure(s), this document is decontrolled''). In addition to the information required on the face of the document, each item of correspondence that contains SGI-M shall, by marking or other means, clearly indicate which portions (e.g., paragraphs, pages, or appendices) contain SGI-M and which do not. Portion marking is not required for physical security and safeguards contingency plans. All documents or other matter containing SGI-M in use or storage shall be marked in accordance with these requirements. A specific exception is provided for documents in the possession of contractors and agents of licensees that were produced more than one year prior to the effective date of the order. Such documents need not be marked unless they are removed from file drawers or containers. The same exception applies to old documents stored away from the facility in central files or corporation headquarters. Since information protection procedures employed by state and local police forces are deemed to meet NRC requirements, documents in the possession of these agencies need not be marked as set forth in this Removal From SGI-M Category Documents containing SGI-M shall be removed from the SGI-M category (decontrolled) only after the NRC determines that the information no longer meets the criteria of SGI-M. Licensees have the authority to make determinations that specific documents which they created no longer contain SGI-M information and may be decontrolled. Consideration must be exercised to ensure that any document decontrolled shall not disclose SGI-M in some other form or be combined with other unprotected information to disclose SGI-M. The authority to determine that a document may be decontrolled may be exercised only by, or with the permission of, the individual (or office) who made the original determination. The document shall indicate the name and organization of the individual removing the document from the SGI-M category and the date of the removal. Other persons who have the document in their possession should be notified of the decontrolling of the document. Reproduction of Matter Containing SGI-M SGI-M may be reproduced to the minimum extent necessary consistent with need without permission of the originator. Newer digital copiers which scan and retain images of documents represent a potential security concern. If the copier is retaining SGI-M information in memory, the copier cannot be connected to a network. It should also be placed in a location that is cleared and controlled for the authorized processing of SGI-M information. Different copiers have different capabilities, including some which come with features that allow the memory to be erased. Each copier would have to be examined from a physical security perspective. Use of Automatic Data Processing (ADP) Systems SGI-M may be processed or produced on an ADP system provided that the system is assigned to the licensee's or contractor's facility and requires the use of an entry code/password for access to stored information. Licensees are encouraged to process this information in a computing environment that has adequate computer security controls in place to prevent unauthorized access to the information. An ADP system is defined here as a data processing system having the capability of long term storage of SGI-M. Word processors such as typewriters are not subject to the requirements as long as they do not transmit information offsite. (Note: if SGI-M is produced on a typewriter, the ribbon must be removed and stored in the same manner as other SGI-M information or media.) The basic objective of these restrictions is to prevent access and retrieval of stored SGI-M by unauthorized individuals, particularly from remote terminals. Specific files containing SGI-M will be password protected to preclude access by an unauthorized individual. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) maintains a listing of all validated encryption systems at http://csrc.nist.gov/ cryptval/1401/1401val.htm. SGI-M files may be transmitted over a network if the file is encrypted. In such cases, the licensee will select a commercially available encryption system that NIST has validated as conforming to Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS). SGI-M files shall be properly labeled as ``Safeguards Information--Modified Handling'' and saved to removable media and stored in a locked file drawer or cabinet. SGI-M may not be transmitted by unprotected telecommunications circuits except under emergency or extraordinary conditions. For the purpose of this requirement, emergency or extraordinary conditions are defined as any circumstances that require immediate communications in order to report, summon assistance for, or respond to a security event (or an event that has potential security significance). This restriction applies to telephone, telegraph, teletype, facsimile circuits, and to radio. Routine telephone or radio transmission between site security personnel, or between the site and local police, should be limited to message formats or codes that do not disclose facility security features or response procedures. Similarly, call-ins during transport should not disclose information useful to a potential adversary. Infrequent or non-repetitive telephone conversations regarding a physical security plan or program are permitted provided that the discussion is general in nature. Individuals should use care when discussing SGI-M at meetings or in the presence of others to insure that the conversation is not overheard by persons not authorized access. Transcripts, tapes or minutes of meetings or hearings that contain SGI-M shall be marked and protected in accordance with these requirements. Documents containing SGI-M should be destroyed when no longer needed. They may be destroyed by tearing into small pieces, burning, shredding or any other method that precludes reconstruction by means available to the public at large. Piece sizes one half inch or smaller composed of several pages or documents and thoroughly mixed would be considered completely destroyed. Attachment 3: Trustworthiness and Reliability Requirements for Individuals Handling Safeguards Information Trustworthiness and Reliability Requirements for Individuals Handling Safeguards Information In order to ensure the safe handling, use, and control of information designated as Safeguards Information, each licensee shall control and limit access to the information to only those individuals who have established the need-to-know the information, and are considered to be trustworthy and reliable. Licensees shall document the basis for concluding that there is reasonable assurance that individuals granted access to Safeguards Information are trustworthy and reliable, and do not constitute an unreasonable risk for malevolent use of the information. The Licensee shall comply with the requirements of this attachment: 1. The trustworthiness and reliability of an individual shall be determined based on a background investigation: (a) The background investigation shall address at least the past three (3) years, and, at a minimum, include verification of employment, education, and personal references. The licensee shall also, to the extent possible, obtain independent information to corroborate that provided by the employee (i.e., seeking references not supplied by the individual). (b) If an individual's employment has been less than the required three (3) year period, educational references may be used in lieu of employment history. The licensee's background investigation requirements may be satisfied for an individual that has an active Federal security 2. The licensee shall retain documentation regarding the trustworthiness and reliability of individual employees for three years after the individual's employment ends. [FR Doc. E7-23366 Filed 11-30-07; 8:45 am]	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2736
__label__cc	0.734786	0.265214	Justia Regulation Tracker Department Of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Agency Information Collection Activities: Request for Comments for a Previously Approved Information Collection, 33117 [2019-14757] Agency Information Collection Activities: Request for Comments for a Previously Approved Information Collection, 33117 [2019-14757] Download as PDF Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 133 / Thursday, July 11, 2019 / Notices not previously been given for this specific model number. Therefore, the FAA seeks public comment on whether the FAA should grant the petitioner’s request for an exemption from 14 CFR 121.311(b) to allow her son to use a CRS, E–Z–ON Push Button Adjustable Vest, model 203PB or 403PB, during all phases of flight while on board U.S.registered aircraft in commercial air carrier operations under part 121. [FR Doc. 2019–14776 Filed 7–10–19; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910–13–P DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Highway Administration [Docket No. FHWA–2019–0025] Agency Information Collection Activities: Request for Comments for a Previously Approved Information Collection Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), DOT. ACTION: Notice and request for comments. AGENCY: The FHWA invites public comments about our intention to request the Office of Management and Budget’s (OMB) approval for a new information collection, which is summarized below under SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION. We published a Federal Register Notice with a 60-day public comment period on this information collection on May 9, 2019. We are required to publish this notice in the Federal Register by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995. DATES: Please submit comments by August 12, 2019. ADDRESSES: You may send comments within 30 days to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, 725 17th Street NW, Washington, DC 20503, Attention DOT Desk Officer. You are asked to comment on any aspect of this information collection, including: (1) Whether the proposed collection is necessary for the FHWA’s performance; (2) the accuracy of the estimated burden; (3) ways for the FHWA to enhance the quality, usefulness, and clarity of the collected information; and (4) ways that the burden could be minimized, including the use of electronic technology, without reducing the quality of the collected information. All comments should include the Docket number FHWA–2016–0009. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James Garland, 202–366–6221, Office of Planning, Environment, and Realty, Federal Highway Administration, jspears on DSK30JT082PROD with NOTICES SUMMARY: VerDate Sep<11>2014 17:26 Jul 10, 2019 Jkt 247001 Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC, 20590. Office hours are from 7:45 a.m. to 4:15 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Transportation Planning Excellence Awards Nomination Form. OMB Control #: 2125–0615. Background: Transportation Planning Excellence Awards Nomination Form. The Transportation Planning Excellence Awards (TPEA) Program is a biennial awards program developed by the FHWA and the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) to recognize outstanding initiatives across the country to develop, plan and implement innovative transportation planning practices. The program is co-sponsored by the American Planning Association. The on-line TPEA nomination form is the tool for submitters to nominate a process, group, or individual involved in a project or process that has used the FHWA and/or the FTA funding sources to make an outstanding contribution to the field of transportation planning. The information about the process, group or individual provided by the submitter may be shared and published if that submission is selected for an award. The TPEA Program is a biennial awards program and individuals will be asked to submit nominations via the online form every two years. The participants will provide their information by means of the internet. Respondents: For the TPEA, 35 participants biennially. Frequency: For the TPEA, nominations are solicited every two years. Estimated Average Burden per Response: For the TPEA Program, approximately 90 minutes. Estimated Total Annual Burden Hours: For the TPEA Program, 225 hours in the first year and 225 hours in the third year. Authority: The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995; 44 U.S.C. Chapter 35, as amended; and 49 CFR 1.48. Issued On: July 8, 2019. Michael Howell, Information Collection Officer. [FR Doc. 2019–14757 Filed 7–10–19; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910–22–P DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Railroad Administration [Docket Number FRA–2019–0047] Petition for Waiver of Compliance Under part 211 of Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), this PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 33117 document provides the public notice that on June 19, 2019, the Everett Railroad Company (EV) petitioned the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) for a waiver of compliance from certain provisions of the Federal railroad safety regulations contained at 49 CFR parts 215 and 224. Specifically, EV seeks a waiver of compliance for one box car, PRR 571060, for stenciling, reflectorization, and bolster without an identification mark or pattern number. FRA assigned the petition Docket Number FRA–2019–0047. EV’s petition states that the car was built in 1925 and will be operated only as a historic relic in conjunction with EV’s tourist and excursion trains. EV operates over approximately 25 miles of track located entirely in Blair County, Pennsylvania, which is generally rural in nature. EV trains operate under restricted speed rules not exceeding 20 miles per hour. When operated, the subject car will be loaded to not more than fifty percent capacity. The subject car will not interchange with any other railroad. EV explains that the car has been inspected and determined to be safe for operation, and last received a single car air brake test on December 7, 2015. EV wishes to maintain the subject car in its historic appearance and identity for photography, film, and purposes of historic interpretation. A copy of the petition, as well as any written communications concerning the petition, is available for review online at www.regulations.gov and in person at the U.S. Department of Transportation’s (DOT) Docket Operations Facility, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, W12–140, Washington, DC 20590. The Docket Operations Facility is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal Holidays. Interested parties are invited to participate in these proceedings by submitting written views, data, or comments. FRA does not anticipate scheduling a public hearing in connection with these proceedings since the facts do not appear to warrant a hearing. If any interested parties desire an opportunity for oral comment and a public hearing, they should notify FRA, in writing, before the end of the comment period and specify the basis for their request. All communications concerning these proceedings should identify the appropriate docket number and may be submitted by any of the following methods: • Website: http:// www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. • Fax: 202–493–2251. E:\FR\FM\11JYN1.SGM 11JYN1 [Docket No. FHWA-2019-0025] Agency Information Collection Activities: Request for Comments for a Previously Approved Information Collection AGENCY: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), DOT. ACTION: Notice and request for comments. SUMMARY: The FHWA invites public comments about our intention to request the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) approval for a new information collection, which is summarized below under Supplementary Information. We published a Federal Register Notice with a 60-day public comment period on this information collection on May 9, 2019. We are required to publish this notice in the Federal Register by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995. DATES: Please submit comments by August 12, 2019. ADDRESSES: You may send comments within 30 days to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, 725 17th Street NW, Washington, DC 20503, Attention DOT Desk Officer. You are asked to comment on any aspect of this information collection, including: (1) Whether the proposed collection is necessary for the FHWA's performance; (2) the accuracy of the estimated burden; (3) ways for the FHWA to enhance the quality, usefulness, and clarity of the collected information; and (4) ways that the burden could be minimized, including the use of electronic technology, without reducing the quality of the collected information. All comments should include the Docket number FHWA-2016-0009. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James Garland, 202-366-6221, Office of Planning, Environment, and Realty, Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC, 20590. Office hours are from 7:45 a.m. to 4:15 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. Title: Transportation Planning Excellence Awards Nomination Form. OMB Control #: 2125-0615. Background: Transportation Planning Excellence Awards Nomination Form. The Transportation Planning Excellence Awards (TPEA) Program is a biennial awards program developed by the FHWA and the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) to recognize outstanding initiatives across the country to develop, plan and implement innovative transportation planning practices. The program is co-sponsored by the American Planning Association. The on-line TPEA nomination form is the tool for submitters to nominate a process, group, or individual involved in a project or process that has used the FHWA and/or the FTA funding sources to make an outstanding contribution to the field of transportation planning. The information about the process, group or individual provided by the submitter may be shared and published if that submission is selected for an award. The TPEA Program is a biennial awards program and individuals will be asked to submit nominations via the online form every two years. The participants will provide their information by means of the internet. Respondents: For the TPEA, 35 participants biennially. Frequency: For the TPEA, nominations are solicited every two years. Estimated Average Burden per Response: For the TPEA Program, Estimated Total Annual Burden Hours: For the TPEA Program, 225 hours in the first year and 225 hours in the third year. Authority: The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995; 44 U.S.C. Chapter 35, as amended; and 49 CFR 1.48. Issued On: July 8, 2019. Michael Howell, Information Collection Officer.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2737
__label__wiki	0.747225	0.747225	Justia Regulation Tracker National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2015 February 12 Search and Track the Federal Register The Federal Register is a daily publication of proposed and final rules (administrative laws) adopted by federal executive departments and agencies. These rules are put forth to guide these departments and agencies on how to follow the statutes (laws) passed by the United States Congress. 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Udall Scholarship and Excellence in National Environmental Policy Foundation - National Aeronautics and Space Administration - National Archives and Records Administration -- Federal Register Office -- Information Security Oversight Office - National Capital Planning Commission - National Commission on Libraries and Information Science - National Council on Disability - National Credit Union Administration - National Crime Prevention and Privacy Compact Council - National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities - National Institute for Literacy - National Intelligence, Office of the National Director - National Labor Relations Board - National Mediation Board - National Nanotechnology Coordination Office - National Prison Rape Elimination Commission - National Science Foundation - National Transportation Safety Board - Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation - Nuclear Regulatory Commission - Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board - Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission - Overseas Private Investment Corporation - Pacific Northwest Electric Power and Conservation Planning Council - Peace Corps - Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation - Personnel Management Office - Postal Rate Commission - Postal Regulatory Commission - Postal Service - President's Council on Integrity and Efficiency - Presidio Trust - Railroad Retirement Board - Regulatory Information Service Center - Securities and Exchange Commission - Selective Service System - Small Business Administration - Smithsonian Institution - Social Security Administration - Special Counsel Office - State Justice Institute - Susquehanna River Basin Commission - Tennessee Valley Authority - Trade and Development Agency - U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission - United States Institute of Peace - United States Sentencing Commission - Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation Commission Regulations Filed: Between 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Full Text (optional): National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration February 12, 2015 – Federal Register Recent Federal Regulation Documents Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Herring Fishery; Adjustments to 2015 Annual Catch Limits Document Number: 2015-02941 Type: Rule Agency: Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration This action adjusts 2015 annual catch limits for the Atlantic herring fishery to account for the underharvest of herring catch in 2013. The herring fishery caught less than its allocated catch in all herring management areas in 2013. As a result, this action adds unharvested 2013 catch to the 2015 herring catch limits, equal to ten percent of the allocated 2013 annual catch limit for each area. While the annual catch limit for each area increases, the total annual catch limit for the herring fishery will not increase under this action. This will ensure that the carryover pounds do not cause overfishing of the herring resource in 2015. This action is necessary to ensure that NMFS accounts for herring catch consistent with the requirements of the Atlantic Herring Fishery Management Plan. https://regulations.justia.com/regulations/fedreg/2015/02/12/2015-02941.html Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone off Alaska; Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Crab Rationalization Program; Amendment 45; Pacific Cod Sideboard Allocations in the Gulf of Alaska Type: Proposed Rule NMFS issues a proposed rule that would implement Amendment 45 to the Fishery Management Plan for Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands King and Tanner Crabs (Crab FMP). If approved, Amendment 45 would establish, for a limited period of time, a process for NMFS to permanently remove Pacific cod catch limits, known as sideboard limits, which are applicable to certain hook-and-line catcher/processors in the Central and Western Gulf of Alaska (GOA) Regulatory Areas. This action would authorize NMFS to remove these Pacific cod sideboard limits in the Central and/or Western GOA if all eligible participants in the hook- and-line catcher/processor sector in a regulatory area sign and submit a request that NMFS remove the sideboard limit. Each eligible participant would be required to submit the request to NMFS within 1 year of the date of publication of a final rule implementing Amendment 45, if it is approved by the Secretary of Commerce (Secretary). This action is necessary to provide participants in the Central and Western GOA hook-and-line catcher/processor sectors with an opportunity to cooperatively coordinate harvests of Pacific cod through private arrangement to the participants' mutual benefit, which would remove the need for sideboard limits in these regulatory areas. This action is intended to promote the goals and objectives of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (Magnuson-Stevens Act), the Crab FMP, and other applicable laws. Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Small Vessel Exemptions; License Limitation Program The North Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) has submitted to the Secretary of Commerce (Secretary) Amendment 108 to the Fishery Management Plan for Groundfish of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area (BSAI FMP), Amendment 100 to the Fishery Management Plan for Groundfish of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA FMP), and Amendment 46 to the Fishery Management Plan for Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands King and Tanner Crabs (Crab FMP). If approved, these amendments would correct text omissions in the BSAI FMP, the GOA FMP, and the Crab FMP. These amendments would make the fishery management plan (FMP) texts that establish vessel length limits for small vessels exempted from the license limitation program (LLP) in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area (BSAI) groundfish and king and Tanner crab fisheries, and the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) groundfish fisheries, consistent with the original intent of the LLP, current operations in the fisheries, and Federal regulations. This action would promote the goals and objectives of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, the FMPs, and other applicable laws.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2738
__label__cc	0.642627	0.357373	Ottawa insider: "the [Afghan] war has already been lost" Posted: October 19, 2008 in Uncategorized According to Rideau Institute president Steven Staples “I have heard that there are memos being produced inside the Canadian government today that are saying that the [Afghan] war has already been lost.” Staples made the statement speaking at an Oct. 18, 2008 forum sponsored by Peace Alliance Winnipeg and the Canadian Federation of Students entitled “Canada after Bush: What’s at Stake?” In his 45 minute address, Staples compared the programs of Barack Obama and John McCain and speculated on the implications of their platforms for Canada in terms of trade and the environment, climate change strategies, energy security, border issues and national security and foreign policy, especially as it pertains to Canada’s involvement in Afghanistan. Commenting on Bush’s tragic legacy, Staples said: In Canada, the Liberal Government of Jean Chrétien after 911 quickly implemented far reaching national security measures to harmonize our policies with US priorities with terrible results – as Canadians saw what happened when Maher Arar was trapped and tortured by the post 911 secret security apparatus that had been thrown up in the weeks that followed those attacks. While Chrétien famously refused to join the invasion of Iraq after tremendous protests, he sent us deeper into Afghanistan. One hardly notices the difference now, with so many soldiers killed and billions of dollars spent on that failing Afghan war, that we didn’t go into Iraq; the results are pretty much substantially the same. Staples noted strong similarities between the spending policies of Bush, the two presidential candidates and Prime Minister Stephen Harper. As many commentators, such as the Globe and Mail’s Jeffrey Simpson have pointed out, neither candidate has a plan to deal with the massive US budget deficit which has been driven by Bush’s policies of big military spending and tax cuts. This may sound familiar because its these same policies that the Globe and Mail has said under Steven Harper has cost us our budget surplus. Harper’s big tax cuts and his big military spending increases now risk driving Canada into a budget deficit and an economic downturn. Staples said it was time for Canada to develop a national energy policy that addressed Canadian needs and made it clear that Canadian oil belongs, in the first instance, to Canadians. He said this approach is not one recognized by U.S. leaders. US leaders look at Canadian oil as part of US domestic sources; they don’t really think of Canada and all the oil we’re pumping down there as being a foreign source. They just assume it’s kinda theirs’. In fact Canada is now the number one source of oil imports to the United States and there is already a tacit agreement that tar sands production will increase five-fold by 2020 to increase the supply to the United States. Staples expressed grave fears regarding Obama’s plans for Afghanistan and the implications for Canada. This Obama policy of shifting thousands of troops from Iraq to Afghanistan is probably the most worrisome for us in the short term. For all of the positive changes that an Obama presidency could bring, this would be a huge mistake. By simply pumping in thousands of US troops to contribute to the same counterinsurgency strategy in Afghanistan that they have been following all this time, Obama will only make matters worse. And that’s not all; he will try to pull other countries down with him in Afghanistan. The US will seek greater allied contributions to the war. Already – I don’t know if you saw it on CBC the other night: a senior adviser to the Obama campaign told the interviewer that he will be looking for more support from Canada. And remember, we’ve committed to another three years of fighting, to December 2011. Wrapping up his speech, Staples outlined what he saw as Canada’s priorities following the election of a new US president. These would include renegotiating NAFTA to incorporate environmental and labour protections, developing a made-for-Canada energy policy, support for Canada’s devastated manufacturing sector, and pushing for peace in Afghanistan. Listen to Steven Staples here To hear Steven Staples entire address, click on Canada After Bush. (Hint: For streaming audio, click on the little red arrow.) The Rideau Institute on International Affairs is an independent research, advocacy and consulting group based in Ottawa. It provides research, analysis and commentary on public policy issues to decision makers, opinion leaders and the public. It is a federally registered non-profit organization, established in January 2007. Steven Staples is the president of the Rideau Institute. In the past 15 years, Steven Staples has acted as the Director of Security Programs for the Polaris Institute, the Issue Campaigns Coordinator for the Council of Canadians and the Coordinator for End the Arms Race. He is well known for his work on international defence, disarmament and trade issues. Beijing York says: Thanks for this recap of Staples’ speech. Mentarch says: What BY said 😉 Prosecuting Bush Progressive bloggers awake! We're sleepwalking into the future	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2740
__label__cc	0.579503	0.420497	Yet another annual message to the Calgary Stampede: don't hurt animals for entertainment Brigette DePape is Nellie’s Girl Posted: June 26, 2011 in In Solidarity, Nibbling on The Empire Tags: Brigette DePape, Nellie McClung, Stop Harper On June 3, 2011, when Brigette DePape, a 21-year old parliamentary page from Manitoba, pulled out a “Stop Harper” sign during the opening session of Canada’s 41st Parliament, she was escorted out of the room and quickly fired from her position. Her solitary act of civil disobedience in resistance to the policies of the Harper government not only inspired an outpouring of support, but also called to mind another Manitoba woman, Nellie McClung. In 1912, McClung helped organize the Political Equality League and throughout the 1920s championed female suffrage and a host of measures to combat the social injustices of her time. On June 18, 2011, a few of us took a trip over to the Manitoba Legislature to express our solidarity with Brigette DePape by bringing her message to the Nellie McClung Memorial located on the grounds of the same Legislature where Nellie won, for Canadian women, the right to vote. Nellie McClung, Sterilization and the return of Eugenics Globe and Mail references a controversy brewing in Winnipeg around Nellie McClung. There is opposition to erecting a statue honouring her role in securing the vote for women because of her prominent support of the sterilization of people with disabilities. Sterilization was one aspect of the eugenics movement. So was “selective breeding”, abortion, incarceration in institutions, exclusion from society, withholding medical care, and euthanasia. Paul S. Graham says: Her record is mixed. To her credit, McClung campaigned for women’s suffrage, temperance, dental and medical care for school children, property rights for married women, mothers’ allowances, and factory safety legislation. Sadly, she also supported the sterilization of people considered “simple-minded.” The progressive aspects of her legacy have persisted and deserve recognition. The monument at the Manitoba Legislature was erected to commemorate her efforts (and those of Irene Parlby, Henrietta Muir Edwards, Emily Murphy and Louise McKinney) in winning the right of women to run for political office. It should not be misconstrued as support for her misguided views on eugenics. E.D. says: Many (most?) middle-class, white, Protestant, “progressives” held eugenic beliefs in the early 1900s. If we eliminate these people as positive contributors to our historical evolution we will have few left! Better to recognize their contributions and acknowledge their shortcomings, too (as we should our leaders today). Oppose Harper’s draconian back-to-work legislation Video: CUPE President Paul Moist warns against the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2741
__label__wiki	0.561164	0.561164	Peggy Riley Writing from the Blue House Amity & Sorrow The Legacy of Waco Amity & Sorrow came out in the US on the 20th anniversary of the siege on the Waco, Texas compound of the Branch Davidians, or Students of the Seven Seals as leader David Koresh wanted them known. The seven seals are to be broken at the end of the world, according to the Book of Revelation, and the community was prepared for it. They had been waiting for years. When the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms turned up with a search warrant, looking for the stash of guns that local sheriffs said, years earlier when Koresh took the leadership by force, had numbered “more than a Vietnam patrol”, gunfire broke out and both sides blamed the other. They still do. A fifty-day standoff began. I was inspired by events in Waco and America’s history of intervention in faiths and cults. In a nation founded by religious radicals, our constitution values the separation of church and state, but they are rarely separate. God is on our money; faith is in our schools, courthouses and senate. Any presidential candidate ignores prayer at his electoral peril. The Puritans and Quakers who founded the first colonies came in search of religious freedom, prepared to fight for it. Guns and God go hand in hand. We expect authorities to defend our right to worship, but we also expect them to protect the vulnerable. How can the government know which faiths to defend – and which to raid? What happened in Waco was a tragedy, but it shouldn’t have been a surprise. It was there in the church’s name – Ranch Apocalypse. After the siege and fire, the new director of the ATF, John Magaw, was highly critical of the raid. New training manuals were put into place for recruited agents. In future, “dynamic entry” would only be planned “after all other options have been considered”. Fifteen years later and 400 miles down the road would be the site of the next raid on a religious compound, the Yearning for Zion Ranch, home to 700 polygamous families and the followers of the FBI’s Most Wanted, Warren Jeffs. As the Branch Davidians are a splinter sect of the Seventh Day Adventists, so these fundamentalists split from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, the LDS Mormon church proper. These two contemporary faiths are all that survive of America’s Second Great Awakening, the early 19th century boom of ecstatic, evangelical Protestants. The lessons learned in Waco would affect the choices made in the YFZ raid. This time, there would be no stand off or protracted negotiations with the leader, already in prison. There would be no psychological torture, no barrage of lights, music or helicopters as in Waco. This time, authorities simply swooped in and removed their children. All of them. The people had been raided before, sixty years earlier in Short Creek, Arizona. It taught the FLDS that the government took children and could not be trusted. Unlike Waco, there was no violence, no siege or fire, but there could have been. Perhaps it is a blessing that the bulk of the community was young and female; it is why the ranch was raided, of course, but in a faith where girls aren’t trained to use guns it meant the faithful didn’t use the huge caches of weapons, everything from bows to assault rifles, that were hidden in their Temple annex. Had the faith not banished their young men, or had a more balanced ratio of male to female, the raid on YFZ might have ended very differently. Both Koresh and Jeffs led isolated and eschatological faiths, anti-government and fully armed. Both faiths practiced polygamy in the face of government opposition and public distaste. In FLDS culture, three wives are necessary to attain the highest level of heaven. Jeffs currently has 78 wives and is serving a life sentence for sex offences with minors. David Koresh took twenty wives, but said God told him to take another 120. We shouldn’t care if plural wives give their consent. The problem is with the age of the women, young women. Both Koresh and Jeffs took underage brides of fourteen, thirteen, twelve. They believed themselves appointed and anointed by God; they believed these to be holy marriages. They had to be holy, of course, to make them “acceptable” to their own followers. What of their children, raised in a faith that was persecuted by the government they had been taught to hate? What of the children of Waco who watched their government burn their families on TV? What of the children of YFZ, traumatized by the government’s tests and assumptions, slowly being reunited with mothers who were found to be of age. Will they grow up with the same disdain for the government that their ancestors got from Short Creek or from the government persecution that split their church? Is this where activism will be born? Will we see more militaristic and anti-government Christian mavericks in the future, just as Timothy McVeigh was “inspired” to murder on Waco’s second anniversary? Is this any different to the anger instilled in the children of Islam when their mosques and madrasas are destroyed? We are wrong to interfere in matters of faith that are consensual or to make judgments about others’ beliefs, no matter how repugnant they may be to us, personally. Our constitution grants that freedom; no laws can define what we believe in or how we choose to worship. When we raid churches and take children, thinking we save them, we also do great harm. Today in YFZ, the followers of Warren Jeffs await the end of the world at his command, from a payphone in the state prison in Palestine, Texas. The world is always about to end. But what is beginning, in other secret splinter sects, among the hidden churches and handmade faiths of America? Are the next young men – for they are surely always men – already hearing voices, the boom of God calling them to fight? Do they watch raids unfold, note the passing of anniversaries that remind us of our deeds and shortcomings, and learn anew to fear and to hate? Amity & Sorrow in the Netherlands Today I received the cover for The Netherlands publication of Amity & Sorrow with Orlando Uitgevers in September. I am one happy writer. Isn’t it a beauty? Here it is in the catalogue, a book about God, seks & farming. Pinterest Board Are you on Pinterest? If so, you might like to see the splendid new Amity & Sorrow board, made by the lovely people at Tinder Press. It’s a fantastic mood board with pictures and quotes pulled out from the book. What a lovely thing to have! Do have a look – but careful. If you aren’t on Pinterest, it may become your new and dangerous addiction… Step inside… ‘Amity can feel the straw poking from her skirt and cap as Sorrow’s hands worry themselves around the strap. Her eyes accuse her. ‘It isn’t evil,’ Amity says. ‘It isn’t anything. The fields are just dirt, like Mother said.’ Follow @Peggy_Riley Sex and Weimar Berlin What I learned at Yaddo... Nazi Fairy Tales Berlin's Degenerate Art Follow Peggy Riley on WordPress.com The Victory Stitch Tumblr Flash Fiction and where to send it Writing What If… What If: Write Mind Time for morning pages!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2743
__label__wiki	0.558911	0.558911	Tag Archives: revolution ‘Voluntary’ International Law and the Paris Agreement Now that the celebrations by the diplomats have ended, it is time to take a hard look at what was and was not accomplished by the Paris Agreement. No one can deny that it was impressive to obtain agreement from all 195 participating countries, an outcome many doubted. A further achievement was the acceptance of the scientific consensus that global warming was an unprecedentedly severe global challenge that needed to be addressed with a sense of urgency and commitment by the world as a whole. Further, it was important that the agreement set forth in its text the ambitious goal of 1.5C degrees as the prudent ceiling for tolerable warming, while seeking to avoid an increase of 2C degrees, even while being aware that this latter would still result in serious additional harm but would be far less likely to be catastrophic than if emissions are allowed to increase without a global cap. Worrisome Concerns Closer examination reveals several worrisome concerns. It is widely understood that international law is often ineffective because it lacks adequate means of enforcement when it prescribes behavior that obligates the parties. That is, international law is inherently weak because unable to enforce what is agreed to, but Paris carried this weakness further, by raising serious question as to whether anything at all had even been agreed. The Paris Agreement went to great lengths to avoid obligating the parties, making compliance with pledged reductions in carbon emissions an unmistakably voluntary undertaking. This is the core cause for doubt about what was agreed upon, raising the haunting question as to what emerged from Paris is even worth the paper upon which it is written. Only time will tell. Prior to the Paris Agreement there were two models of an agreement process to address climate change. Both of these are now viewed as failures. There was the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 in which a mandatory treaty framework was negotiated resting on a sharply delineated division between developed countries that were required to make enumerated reductions in carbon emissions and the rest of the world that was under no obligation because their right to unrestricted development was affirmed. Then there was the Copenhagen Accord contrived on an ad hoc basis in 2009 mainly at the behest of the United States, a loose agreement reflecting American post-Kyoto concerns that the only viable international response to the threat of global warming was by way of obtaining a series of unverified voluntary pledges from national governments. It is evident that in its central endeavor the Paris Agreement seeks to improve upon the Copenhagen model while rejecting the Kyoto model. In effect, the stability of an obligatory framework has been exchanged for the benefits of an inclusive arrangement that involves all countries, that is, weak on substance, strong on participation. What makes Paris seem a success whereas Copenhagen was written off as a dismal failure is partly atmospherics, or put more concretely, the skillful French management of the proceedings so as to create an impression of genuine collaboration and transparency. Also helpful was the American adoption of a low profile, operating behind the scenes, exerting the kinds of influence that did not create the sort of resentment that so badly marred the Copenhagen outcome. This repudiation of the Kyoto approach is disturbing in some respects, but understandable, and even laudable, in others. Kyoto, although legally authoritative, only managed to gain the participation of states accounting for 12% of total emissions. This tradeoff between the two agreement models parallels the experience of the League of Nations that respected the sovereign equality of states, contrasting with the United Nations that privileges the five states that prevailed in World War II. The more idealistic League was a total failure because several crucial states, including the United States, refused to join, while the UN, although disappointing in relation to its war prevention record, has managed throughout its entire existence to achieve near universal participation. Even alienated and isolated states have valued the benefits of their UN membership and refrained over the decades from opting out of the UN. This experience supports the significant generalization that international lawmaking often does better when it is procedurally ambitious than when it tries to override and constrain sovereign discretion to act in areas perceived as matters of vital national interest by leading states. In the climate change context this choice can be further rationalized by an acknowledgement that the US Congress has the capacity to block any legally binding agreement, and without the United States as a participant the whole effort is wasted. It should be appreciated that the US Congress may be the only governmental site of influence in the world where a majority of its members reject the scientific consensus on climate change and gives aid and comfort to the deniers. Can International Law Effective When Adherence is Voluntary? Although this voluntariness is problematic, it may not doom the Paris Agreement. Some non-obligatory international norms have produced important results, managing to obtain voluntary compliance, and even exceeding the original expectations of their supporters. Among many examples in international law, upholding the diplomatic immunity of ambassadors is a clear example of where the norm is unenforceable yet diplomats from small countries have almost always received the same protection over the centuries as those from the largest and most powerful countries. Why? It better serves the interests of the powerful to sustain a reliable framework of diplomatic interaction than to diminish the status of diplomats from weak states. From a different domain of international concern, we can point to rules of the road on the ocean designed to promote maritime safety. International law tends to be effective whenever compliance is more or less automatic. This can happen either because there is no significant incentive to violate what has been agreed upon or there are reciprocal gains achieved by maintaining reliable standards. There are additional settings where international law is effective. One of the most prominent instances, although controversial, is the selective implementation of international norms prohibiting the acquisition of nuclear weapons. The United States acts as a geopolitical enforcer, and has been relatively successful in preventing those governments that it distrusts or opposes from acquiring the weaponry. The nonproliferation regime is defective from a rule of law perspective to the extent it is not applied equally to all non-nuclear states. Israel’s secret acquisition of nuclear weapons has been overlooked, while Iran’a nuclear program has received unprecedented scrutiny with a commitment to enforce nonproliferation by recourse to war if necessary. Beyond this the NPT regime became negotiable in 1968 only because the nuclear weapons states formally committed themselves to seek in good faith nuclear disarmament. Their failure to do so should have undermined the treaty from an international law point of view, but so far this refusal of compliance has been rhetorically noticed by non-nuclear states, but without producing a challenge to the agreement itself. Paris Vulnerabilities Part of the reason to be skeptical about the Paris Agreement is that the United States is unable to play the role of being a credible enforcer, and this means that there is no robust informal extra-legal pressure to comply. This weakness of the Paris arrangement is accentuated by several other factors: –the challenge of global warming is truly global in scope, yet the agreement reflects the aggregation of national interests. Its voluntary nature reflects the ethos of the lowest common denominator. International society can often cooperate to solve transnational problems, but it falters when the problem is truly global, especially as here where the various states have vastly different policy priorities, material circumstances, and divergent perceptions as to how fairly to apportion national responsibility for emission reductions and financial transfers; –many governments are constrained by mass poverty and low levels of development and seem likely to give priority to jobs and economic growth if facing economic pressures, making them also susceptible to manipulation by the private sector and international financial pressures; –the Paris Agreement seems particularly vulnerable to ‘the free rider problem,’ creating incentives for states to make minimum contributions while benefitting from the contributions of others; this is especially true in the climate change context since the problems are not correlated with international boundaries and the causal connections between emissions and harm are notoriously difficult to establish. This means that a state will benefit from systemic responses even if it fails to do its agreed part, while being only marginally protected by its own emission curbs; –often the success of a negotiated complex agreement is a result of diplomatic leadership, which has been a role that the United States Government has played in the period since 1945. The elaborate treaty establishing the public order of the oceans, one of the great success stories of international law, came about only after a decade of negotiations that were shaped by American leverage, persuading groups of states to accept concessions in exchange for benefits. For instance, the territorial sea off the coast of countries was expanded, and an exclusive economic zone was established, in exchange for preserving the freedom of the high seas for naval vessels. Because of the unevenness of national circumstances in relation to climate change the need for this kind of leadership would undoubtedly have led to a more robust agreement. This was politically impossible because the US Congress is opposed to any US national commitment with respect to climate change that results in any economic burden or commitment relating to energy policy, and the Executive Branch, despite its acceptance of the scientific consensus as to the severity of the climate change challenge, could not ignore this weakness of domestic support without suffering a humiliating rebuff as happened after Kyoto that seems more damaging to regulatory efforts than giving up an insistence on binding legal obligations; –without enforcement or even an obligation to comply, there are some circumstances where ‘naming and shaming’ create pressures can induce a fairly high level of compliance. The Paris Agreement by emphasizing the transparency of commitment, the monitoring of pledge fulfillment, and the reset opportunities given at five-year intervals would seem to create a situation where naming and shaming could partially compensate for the absence of formal compliance mechanisms. Unfortunately, governments of sovereign states are normally very reluctant to criticize each other in public space, absent hostile relations. The UN also refrains except in extreme cases from voicing criticism of the behavior of its members that names and shames. Against this background, it becomes evident that the Paris Agreement should neither be celebrated nor rejected. It is a process that is only scheduled to go into effect in 2020, with an assessment period of five years, meaning that there will be no official audit as to the adequacy of the pledging approach until 2025. Even should the pledges on record be upheld, which seems unlikely, the trajectory relating to climate change points toward an increase in global warming by over 3C by the end of the century, far above the 1.5C recommended by experts, and exceeding the 2C degree ceiling that the Paris Agreement sets forth as a goal. This gap needs to be made visible to the peoples of the world, and steps taken to raise pledging expectations to a level of problem-solving credibility. There are two perspectives that are each useful in evaluating the Paris Agreement. First, there is the problem-solving perspective that views the essential issue as adjusting energy policies to global warming prospects through cuts in carbon emissions and increased reliance on renewable forms of energy. The discussion above, as well as the inter-governmental text emerging from Paris, viewed climate change as a problem to be solved, with success or failure measured by reference to the rising of global mean average temperatures throughout the planet. Secondly, there is the climate justice perspective that focuses on the fairness of the negotiated arrangement from the distribution of burdens and benefits, and by reference to those who are most vulnerable to global warming. Those most vulnerable are societies and regions that seem likely to become hotter than the average or have low-lying, heavily populated coastlines and lack the financial resources and technical knowhow to prevent and react in ways that minimize the damage. It is also the case that the 350 million indigenous peoples were unrepresented in Paris, and for various reasons are particularly exposed to the harmful effects of climate change. Issues related to pre-2020 ambition involving financing and control of emissions are also mentioned in the Preamble. Also Finally, Paris did not make any serious effort to represent, worry about, and take account of the rights of future generations. Due to pressures mounted by the governments of vulnerable states and by the civil society groups, climate justice concerns were not totally ignored, being enumerated as a laundry list in the Preamble. These concerns focusing on human rights are not addressed in the operational provisions that are the heart of the Paris undertaking. Their relevance is, however, acknowledged in the Preamble to the Paris Agreement. Normally, the language of the Preamble of an international agreement is window-dressing, without substantive relevance. Here it is different. NGOs can invoke the language of the Preamble to hold governments accountable. In the end, the fate of the planet will be decided by people, and not by governments. It is only by populist mechanisms of mobilization that the human and global interest will be articulated and protected. Governments can cooperate to promote common or overlapping shared interests, but where these national interests are so diverse and often contradictory, the aggregation of national interests is not capable of generating an agreement that adequately serves the human and global interest. This limitation of state-centric world order is magnified in relation to climate change because of the numerous disconnects between the locus of emissions and the locus of harm; only a globally constituted framing of the climate change challenge could produce an outcome that was satisfactory from both problem-solving and climate justice perspectives, and this will never be achieved by way of a Paris style meeting. A responsible and equitable response to climate change after Paris depends on militant civil society activism that builds a transnational movement that both monitors the harms and the behavior of governments, but also focuses attention on the root causes of global warming: the capitalist drive for consumption, the militarist drive for dominance, and modernist drive toward Technological solutions. Beyond this what is at stake is the recovery of the humane wisdom and spiritual consciousness of indigenous peoples that survival and happiness depended on respect for the natural surroundings. Of course, we should not romanticize the pre-modern or demonize the modern. What we need and should seek is a moral epistemology that reconnects knowledge with human values configured so as to achieve justice, sustainability, and the pleasures of ‘a good life’ (community, material needs, humane governance, spiritual alertness, opportunity and enlightenment). Such is the knowledge background needed to launch the revolution of our time. Tags: 'Voluntary' International Law, climate justice, international law, Paris Agreement, Paris Preamble, revolution, US Congress Categories 'Voluntary' International Law, Climate Change, climate justice, Commentary, international law, Paris Agreement, Paris Preamble, Reflections, US Congress ISIS, Militarism, and the Violent Imagination Before ISIS The beheading of American and British journalists who were being held hostage by ISIS creates a truly horrifying spectacle, and quite understandably mobilizes the political will to destroy the political actor who so shocks and frightens the Western sensibility, which is far from being free from responsibility for such lurid incidents. Never in modern times has there been a clearer example of violence begetting violence. And we need to ask ‘to what end?’ Political leaders in the West are remarkably silent and dishonest about what it is that they wish to achieve in this region beset since 2011 by a quite terrifying outbreak of political extremism, whether from above as in the cases of Syria, Egypt, and Israel or from below as with ISIS and al-Nusra. It is difficult to recall that at the start of 2011, just three years ago, progressive voices around the world were inspired by the Arab upheavals, especially in Egypt and Tunisia, that burst upon the political scene unexpectedly. These extraordinary events appeared to repudiate the prevailing patterns of authoritarian, exploitative, and corrupt collaboration between oppressive domestic elites, neoliberal economic forces, and the regional imperial juggernaut that had kept this humanly disastrous reality stable for so long. Yet even during that time of optimism about the Arab future, a closer scrutiny of what was happening disclosed many reasons to be worried. It is helpful to look to this recent past to have some comprehension of the perplexing present. A Revolutionary Spirit Without Revolutionary Action The goals of these upheavals were far too ambitious to be realized by such limited challenges directed at the established order. These movements were essentially confined to getting rid of a hated ruler. Associating single individuals such as Mubarak, Ben Ali, or Assad with the grievances of an exploited and oppressed people overlooks the degree to which class interests and entrenched bureaucracies constituted structures. The popular forces bravely challenging the status quo lacked leadership, program, and even a clear agenda, and naively expected the remnants of the old regime to disappear or go along with the anguished call of mass discontent that sought bread, freedom, and dignity as the effect of removing the hated leader. This innocence of exaggerated expectations made what had seemed a remarkable achievement of doing the impossible more vulnerable to reversal than was generally understood at the time when the immediate results seemed so stunning. What particularly impressed thoughtful commentators was being described as ‘a new subjectivity’ of the Arab masses. It had long been presumed that these Arab publics were reconciled to their fate, and would remain passive victims of their sorry fate. That they rose up with such force and resolve surprised the world, and themselves, by these courageous displays of self-empowerment and political creativity. It was also impressive that these upheavals, each distinct, shared a vision of an inclusive democracy that when established, would henceforth govern society with respect for all classes, religious and ethnic identities, genders, and political persuasions. The reluctance to challenge the old order more fundamentally and punitively became coupled with a paradoxical and perverse situation of dependence on the old regime to manage in good faith the transition to the promised new dawn of constitutional democracy and freely elected political leaders. There seemed to be no understanding that these old elites in each country had interests that had been generally served by the previously established order, and would inevitably be threatened by the longings of the people, including expectations of moves toward greater social and economic equity threatening the prior acceptance of predatory arrangements with neoliberal globalization. Preconditions for Transformative Political Ambitions In this sense, there seemed little awareness in these movements of Lenin’s insistence that a successful transformative politics necessarily depends on substantially destroying the prior state structures; (“you can’t make an omelet without breaking eggs.”), that is, by rebuilding the new transformed state from the ground up and getting rid of the old bureaucracy. This generalization is especially true if the old order was managed by indigenous leadership, and not imposed from without as in the colonial era. Also, as Hannah Arendt argued in her book on revolution, if the overthrow of the former regime does not have a radical social agenda, as was the case with American Revolution, only then does the possibility of a smooth and peaceful transition exists. [See Hannah Arendt, On Revolution (1969). Excluding the prospects for improved material conditions, including jobs for youth, was a political impossibility in the Arab world, where conditions of mass misery were what partially explained the role of oppressive structures and the assignment of security forces to prevent workers from organizing effectively. Revealingly, in contrast to the activists in Tahrir Square, Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran encouraged a kind of Islamic Leninism, rejecting all pleas to reach compromises with the Shah’s regime in exchange for social peace and shared political power. From the perspective of late 2014 we take note of contrasting realities: Iran’s Islamic Republic is celebrating its 35th anniversary without a serious threat to its governance, while the so-called Egyptian Revolution barely lasted two years before the old regime in a more extreme form was fully restored under the bloody military leadership of General Sisi. Underestimating Political Islam There were additional factors at work in Egypt and the region. Perhaps, most significantly, those who sought to liberalize the governance structures without shaking their foundations greatly underestimated the electoral strength of political Islam, especially the Muslim Brotherhood. Although the ideals of the Tahrir movement affirmed inclusionary democracy, the assumption of many who initially championed a new political order was that the MB would participate as a minority presence that would not displace the old urban ruling classes or threaten its privileges. When this turned out to be wrong it immediately shifted the political balance in such a way as to promote counter-revolution. As Europe discovered after 1848, nothing is worse for progressive politics than revolutionary ambitions to exceed revolutionary means. This situation was further stressed by the rich and influential Gulf oil dynasties that felt deeply threatened by the Arab upheavals, and cared far more about their own stability than they did about promoting Sunni politics in the region. These governments were disturbed by the fall of Mubarak, and hoped for a political reversal in Egypt, welcoming the counter-revolution led by Sisi with an avalanche of funding, without blinking when this new military leadership proceeded to commit major atrocities against members of the MB and to criminalize the organization. It should not be ignored that this counter-revolutionary violence also served the strategic interests of Israel and the United States, restoring stability, marginalizing Muslim and democratizing forces, and avoiding the emergence of governments much more inclined to support Palestinian aspirations and to challenge neoliberal links with global capitalism. Into this mix that emerged in Egypt, must also be added the political ineptness of the MB, neither appreciating its popular support nor recognizing that MB political hegemony would never be accepted by either the remnants of the old regime nor by secular liberals who wanted Mubarak overthrown, but not the system. In this sense, it appears in retrospect that it was a great mistake of the MB to withdraw their earlier pledge after the Tahrir success story to refrain from seeking either to dominate the parliamentary elections or compete for the presidency. Not Forgetting Iraq or Syria If we consider other developments in the region there is another disturbing ‘truth’: the region at this stage seems better off being governed in an authoritarian manner than by either the sort of ‘democracy promotion’ that was the theme song of the George W Bush presidency (2000-2008) or through the political responses to the kind of popular uprisings that erupted in Syria, Egypt, Yemen, Bahrain, elsewhere, but turned out to be unsustainable. The least bad outcomes as of now appear to be those countries where the old authoritarian regimes prevailed without much struggle (e.g. Morocco) and made a few gestures of reform averting both civil strife and a more brutal turn in authoritarian rule. The alternatives to authoritarian in the region now seem far worse: terrible civil warfare (as in Syria) or chaos without respite (as in Libya). Given the mess that unfolded in Iraq during a decade of American occupation, what Washington policymaker would not at this point secretly consider the second coming of Saddam Hussein in Iraq as a gift of the gods? Syria, as well, sent the wrong signal throughout the region. First, there occurred a popular challenge to the Assad regime that occasioned a bloody counterinsurgency campaign. Then outside forces, Turkey, the United States, Gulf countries teamed up as ‘Friends of Syria Group’ to help the insurgency prevail, badly underestimating the military capabilities and political support of the Damascus government, which enabled it to withstand these efforts to repeat the Mubarak/Qaddafi experience of overthrow either from below (by a mass movement) or from without (by a NATO air campaign). In Syria instead of regime change there occurred an ongoing civil war that has taken upwards of 200,000 lives, caused millions to flea the country as refugees and millions more to become internally displace. Three negative political effects also followed: neighboring countries were destabilized, the unresolved Syrian struggle gave rise to various forms of Islamic extremism within Syria and in the region, and the atrocities of Assad gave license to others in the region (such as Sisi) to commit crimes against humanity with the prospect of impunity. What lessons can we learn? Above all, beware of what is wished for. In effect, above all else, the last several decades should teach the West that the days of staging successful colonial interventions at acceptable costs are long past, and that premising post-colonial interventionist diplomacy on a moral crusade of human rights, democracy, and counter-terrorism fools almost no one except some of the people in the metropole, and wins few real friends in the target societies other than cynical opportunists or desperate insurgents. If intervention is followed by military occupation many of those who were initially willing to accept any and all outside help to get rid of the hated leader quickly get disillusioned and turn on their earlier benefactor, a process dubbed ‘blowback.’ [For identification of the phenomenon and its naming see Chalmers Johnson, Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire, 2004) If the intervention is not followed by an occupation the results are not much better. Piles of bodies and debris are left behind, but the new reality is likely to be, as in Libya, the kind of ungovernable chaos with armed militias substituting for the rule of law. Washington tends to call such situations ‘failed states’ as if it had nothing to do with the collapse of governance. America’s and NATO’s Unlearned Lessons America and NATO should have learned the limits of military superiority and the problematics of occupation from their failures in Afghanistan and Iraq. Military superiority and shock and awe tactics can generally overwhelm a Third World government and quickly destroy its military capability, but that is only initial and easy phase of an effort to control the political future of a targeted country. Notoriously, Bush didn’t understand this in relation to Iraq when he infamously announced ‘mission accomplished’ to the world immediately after Iraqi military resistance crumbled and Saddam Hussein was driven from power. Phase two of the Iraq undertaking involved occupation and state-building neoliberal style, and the emergence of formidable political resistance. The early glow of victory soon fades away, and a variety of troubles start to overwhelm the intervening side. A movement of national resistance takes shape, and adopts insurgent tactics against the foreign invader that takes away many of the benefits of military superiority that earlier achieved an easy battlefield victory. Resistance consists of various acts of violent disruption that gradually turn a hostile and foreign occupation into a long nightmare. The high tech weaponry of the occupier remains an effective killing machine, but it increasingly kills the wrong people, alienates far more, and seems helpless to establish minimal order much less to deliver on the promise of democracy, economic prosperity, and human rights for all. The prime objective of the occupier becomes one of crafting a graceful exit that disguises the abandonment of the original enterprise, and if that fails, leaving in a humiliating manner without being able to disguise the defeat. It should have been evident from the outset in Iraq that the effort to embed democracy is in tension with the strategic goal of integrating the country in accord with Western ideas of security and political economy. The idea of turning over security to an indigenous and partisan army trained to make safeguard the government put in place by a military intervention is truly a ‘mission impossible.’ Strategic Failure What was the real outcome of both of these major military interventions that cost many lives, generated mass refugee and internally displaced populations, and expended trillions of dollars on these futile ventures? In Afghanistan the results were a mixture of chaos, destabilization of Pakistan, and the reemergence of the Taliban as a formidable political force. In Iraq, the ironic outcome after a decade of occupation was a strategic victory for Iran and its pro-Shi’ite foreign policy, along with sectarian strife and widespread chaos, culminating during this past year with the eruption of ISIS occupying a significant expanses of territory in Iraq, and Syria. ISIS had the audacity to proclaim itself the Islamic State and to found a new caliphate without regard to international borders. In both societies these results are exactly the opposite of the goals set by the intervening side. What were the real motivations of the intervenors? There are, I believe, three overlapping answers given varying weights by commentators: for oil, for arms sales and the political economy of militarism, and to ensure the desired strategic hegemony of the American/Israeli partnership throughout the Middle East. The failure results from a basic disconnect. Securing the neoliberal priority of assuring access to Middle Eastern oil at stable prices bolstered by a maximum Western private sector investment depends upon maintaining good relations with stable governments and receptive societies. Stable political structures, given the American commitment to Israel, together with capitalist predatory behavior, produces a hostile cleavage between state and society throughout the region, making political order fully dependent on effective authoritarian governance. Under these conditions it is evident that any claimed commitment to human rights and democracy is hypocritical, and at best peripheral. Such claims serve as misleading rationalizations for intervention in a post-colonial era where naked imperial justifications are no longer credible. It puts the West in the position of inevitably collaborating with national elites that suppress the most fundamental human right of their own peoples—that of the right of national self-determination, which is highlighted as common Article I of both the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Covenant of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. Remembering Vietnam There is a further disconnect. Relying on military intervention to achieve the goals of foreign policy is not a new recipe for political failure, and such an approach should have been discarded long ago for realist reasons. A repudiation of interventionary diplomacy should have been the crucial lesson learned from the Vietnam War. Remember America won all the big battles, controlled every combat zone, and yet lost the war. A Vietnamese military commander’s response is worth pondering made to an American official who insisted that despite the political outcome of the war, the United States was never defeated militarily by Vietnam: “Yes, that is true, but it is irrelevant.” Understanding why it is irrelevant is the great unlearned lesson in relation to the conflicts taking place the period since World War II. It should by now be clear even to the most dimwitted real politik analyst that every colonial war since World War II was won by the militarily inferior side. Perhaps, the most dramatic instance of people power triumphing over imperial power occurred in India’s defeat of the mighty British Empire without firing a shot. In Indochina and Algeria French colonialism finally gave way to national movements with far worse weaponry. National resilience in the end proves stronger than foreign military and police control. The real untold story of this string of losses sustained by the West is the empowerment of people. This empowerment was eventually accorded moral and legal respect by a global diplomatic process that now seems a false gesture of imperial disempowerment. Acceptance of the moral claims of and legal right to self-determination was formally acknowledged, but the geopolitics of power and wealth went on as before, and continued at great costs to seek by force of arms what could not otherwise be justly acquired. The recent Israeli military operation against the helpless people of Gaza is an extreme illustration of this dynamic. No people in the Middle East have endured as much cruelty and suffering during their long national movement for independence and sovereignty than have the Palestinians. And no state has been as determined as Israel to rely on its vastly superior military means to maintain control, expand, and ruthlessly suppress opposition. And yet after nearly 70 years of dispossession, occupation, militarist subjugation, and Western backing, the Palestinians are far from defeated. In the recent one-sided Protective Edge campaign over 2100 Palestinians were killed, 75% of whom were civilians, as compared to Israel reporting losses of 70 dead, of whom 66 were members of the IDF. It suggests that ‘state terrorism’ is far deadlier for the civilian population than is the violence of enemy resisters. But consider the political dynamics: the Israeli reasons for staging this horror show seemed to be mainly to convince the collaborationist leadership in Ramallah to stop cooperating with Israel and to weaken decisively the organization structure and political support of Hamas. As with the cases mentioned earlier, the military dominance produced great devastation combined with a political defeat: instead of weakening Hamas, the organization gained in popularity not only in Gaza, but even more so in the West Bank where new polls show that in any forthcoming election Hamas would easily win over the Palestinian Authority, which was unlikely before Israel launched its latest deadly attack to once more ‘mow the lawn’ in Gaza. The next concern, following from what has been argued, is ‘why such a clear pattern of repeated failures should not lead to policy adjustments?’ There are two explanations: the political elites of the world are hard-wired to think within an anachronistic realist box in which military power is the controlling force of history. Such thinking is also part of the political culture of the United States where security is correlated with hard power, no matter the facts are. This defiance of reality is sadly reinforced by American political culture. When recent horrific crimes in movie theaters and schools where innocent persons are willfully slaughtered by a deranged heavily armed individual, the militarized mentality of the citizenry leads it not to demand the prohibition of assault weapons in private hands, but perversely to a surge in private arms sales. The ISIS Challenge Revisited This brings us back to ISIS, and what might be done that improves the situation rather than worsen it. Barack Obama has presided over shaping the regional response. He was confronted by a multifaceted dilemma. He had been elected president twice partly to end American engagement in overseas wars, especially in the Middle East, and here he was once more rallying the region and Europe for yet another war against an adversary that posed no discernable threat to the American people. To overcome this awkward fact, it was necessary to dramatize the barbarism of ISIS tactics, pointing to the American victims of ISIS atrocities, and at the same time promise there would be no American casualties. Barbarous as were these atrocious acts, beheadings were unfortunately not new to the region, and were regularly used upon by the Saudi Arabian government in punishing convicted criminals. True, these incidents involved American and British nationals who were innocent of wrongdoing, but the emphasis was not so much placed on their innocence as on the horrifying technique used to carry out the executions. Here is the core problem: America’s leadership in the region depends on actively protecting the authoritarian status quo, especially in the Gulf, and so doing nothing about ISIS was not an option. What Obama is proposing to do repeats the old formula of failure: air strikes; training, arming, and advising friendly forces (Iraqi Kurds, moderate Syrians, Iraqi military units), disrupting ISIS overseas recruiting and funding. Obama’s program is a pale version of post-Vietnam counter-insurgency doctrine where risks of American casualties must be minimized while air power, including drones, plus native ground forces with their own political agendas are relied upon to carry out the dirty work. Yet, as in earlier encounters, the likely result is to induce chaos and alienation arising from accidental targeting of innocent civilians arousing public resentment, and a no win/no lose standoff that causes great suffering to the society, including producing many refugees and internally displaced persons. It is illustrative of thinking within the old militarist box, and its prescriptions are almost certain to make any particular situation worse than if left alone. Of course, there are far preferable options, but to adopt these requires looking below the surface. It would have to start with the admission that the American occupation of Iraq was the proximate cause of the emergence of ISIS, especially due to the purge of Bathist elements in the government and armed forces, and the encouragement of Shi’ite sectarianism. Abandoning sectarian maneuvers is one way to avoid some of the worst recent mistakes. Another productive path presupposes an American diplomatic outlook oriented around wider ethical and world order concerns. Such an adjustment would require loosening the dependency ties to Israel, and follow a rational line of geo-strategic self-interest in the Middle East. Such a course of action, hardly ever mentioned because it seems too unrealistic, would involve taking three steps: bringing Iran into the effort to find a political solution for the Syrian civil war; proposing a nuclear free zone throughout the Middle East; exerting pressure on Israel to uphold Palestinian rights under international law. This is a distinctly political approach that contrasts with militarism that has produced destructive turbulence in the region in the period since the partial stabilities of the Cold War era collapsed along with the Berlin Wall in 1989. Militarist geopolitics seems destined to lead to yet another Western catastrophe in the tormented Middle East. There is no political will visible anywhere on the horizons of world politics that might pose a humane challenge to such disaster-prone policymaking. And so the murderous cycle of violence repeats itself yet again, the alien militarism of this Western led coalition is confronting the indigenous violence of ISIS that the mistakes of earlier interventions by the West have helped to nurture. And so dispiriting repetition occurs instead of uplifting innovation, and the wheels of violence turn with accelerating velocity. Tags: counterrevolution, Egypt, Iran, ISIS, Israel, political violence, revolution, Sisi, United States Categories Counterrevolution, Egypt, ISIS, Revolution, Tahrir Square, United States, Vietnam Global Revolution After Tahrir Square This history-making global Occupy Movement with a presence in over 900 cities would not have happened in form and substance without the revolutionary awakening of the world’s youth that resulted from the riveting events culminating in the triumphal achievement of driving Hosni Mubarak from the pinnacles of Egyptian state power. We need also to acknowledge that the courage exhibited by those gathered at Tahrir Square might not have been exhibited to the world if not for the earlier charismatic self-immolating martyrdom of an unlicenced street vendor of vegetables, Mohamed Bouazi, in the interior Tunisian city of Sidi Bouzid on December 17, 2010. Perhaps, as well, the eruptions would have stopped at the Tunisian border were it not for the readiness of Egyptians to erupt after the Alexandria death of Khaled Said on June 6, 2010. This brutal police murder ignited the moral passion of Egyptians, best expressed and widely disseminated through a Facebook campaign, “We are all Khaled Said.” We also must not overlook the mobilizing talents and social networking of digitally minded younger urban Egyptians without whom the movement might never have taken off in the first place, or the later encouragement provided by TV portrayals of the encounters between gangs of Mubarak hooligans and the demonstrators. History is always over-determined when transformative events are analyzed in the aftermath of their occurrence and so it is, and will be, with Tahrir Square, which has quickly become a shorthand to signify the hopes, fears, and methodology of the 21st century’s first revolutionary moment, both narrowly conceived as an Egyptian happening or more broadly as the inspirational foundation of this revolutionary impulse that has expanded to be a phenomenon of genuine global scope. What is beyond doubt is that the world Occupy Movement proudly and credibly claims an affinity with Tahrir Square, although not without celebrating their important particularities. It is reasonable to believe that these numerous protest movements around the world would either not have occurred, or taken a different form without the overall inspiration provided by the several dramas encompassed beneath the banner of the Arab Spring, and not only by Tahrir Square understood in isolation from its regional setting. I want to stress the unique South-North character of this inspiration as the core of its originality, and relatedness to a broader realignment of the political firmament that is slowly taking account of the collapse of the Euro-centric imperial order that started happening more than half century ago with the collapse of the British rule in India. This decolonizing process still has a long way to go as recent military operations in Libya, threats to Iran, colonialist defiance of Israel to international law daily reminds us. The interventionary currents of transnational political violence continue to flow only in one direction North-South. After World War II the United States militarily replaced the European colonial powers as the principal global custodian of Western interests. This anachronistic West-centricism continues to dominate most international institutions, especially evident in the UN Security Council that constitutionally endows the Euro-American alliance with a veto power used to block many efforts to promote global justice and prevents such emergent political actors as India, Brazil, and Turkey from playing a role commensurate with their stature and influence. What is exciting, then, about this resonance of Tahrir Square is that the youth of the North looked Southward found inspiration when engaging in their incipient struggle for revolutionary renewal of the world economic and social order, as well as equity in their immediate circumstances. Not only because of its priority in time, but for its conception of how to practice democratic politics outside of governmental structures, this political learning process was evident in the various Occupy sites. The ethos of revolution in Tahrir Square, and elsewhere in the region, with the partial exception of Libya, was nonviolent, youth-dominated, populist, leaderless, without program, demanding drastic change of a democratizing character. On its surface such a revolutionary orientation seems extremely fragile, subject to fragmentation and dissolution once the negatively unifying hated ruler is induced to leave the stage of state power, and if the challenge from below turns out to be more durable, possibly vulnerable to a violent counter-revolutionary restoration of the old regime. The irony of ironies associated with the Arab Spring is that only in Libya does the old order seem gone forever, and there the uprising was tainted in its infancy by its dependence on thousands of NATO air strikes and its reliance on a leadership that seemed mainly contrived to please the West. When in Egypt a few months ago, in the still exalted aftermath of what was achieved by the January 25th Movement, there was a self-aware and wide chasm between those optimists who spoke in the language of ‘revolution’ and those more cautious observers who claimed only to have been part of an ‘uprising.’ At this moment, these latter more pessimistic interpretations seem more in line with an Egyptian process that can be best described as ‘regime stabilization,’ at least for now. What happens with the Occupy Movement is of course radically uncertain at present. Is it a bubble that will burst as soon as the first cold wave hits the major cities of the North? Or will it endure long enough to worry the protectors of the established order so that state violence will be unleashed, as always, in the name of ‘law and order’? Are we witnessing the birth pangs of ‘global democracy’ or something else that has yet to be disclosed or lacks a name? We must wait and hope, and maybe pray, above all acting as best we can in solidarity, keeping our gaze fixed on horizons of desire. What is feasible will not do! Tags: Egypt, Egyptians, Hosni Mubarak, Libya, revolution, Sidi Bouzid, Tahrir Square, United States, World War II Categories Commentary, Global Governance, Reflections What is Winning? The Next Phase for the Revolutionary Uprisings Early in the Tunisian and Egyptian uprisings it seemed that winning was understood by the massed demonstrators to mean getting rid of the hated leader, of Ben Ali in the Tunisian case, and Mubarak in the Egyptian. But as the process deepened it make clear that more was being demanded and expected, and that this had to do with restoring the material and spiritual dignity of life in all its aspects. Without any assurance as to what ‘winning’ means in the setting of the extraordinary revolutionary uprisings that are continuing to rock the established order throughout the Arab world, it is likely to mean different things in the various countries currently in turmoil. But at the very least winning has so far meant challenging by determined and incredibly brave nonviolence the oppressive established order. This victory over long reigns of fear-induced pacification is itself a great transformative moment in 21st century history no matter what happens in the months ahead. As Chandra Muzaffar, the widely respected Malaysian scholar who religion and justice, compelling argues, the replacement of the old order by electoral democracy, while impressive as an accomplishment given the dictatorial rule of the past in these countries, will not be nearly enough to vindicate the sacrifices of the protestors. It is significantly better than those worst case scenarios that insist that the future will bring dismal varieties of ‘Mubarakism without Mubarak,’ which would change the faces and names of the rulers but leave the oppressive and exploitative regimes essentially in tact. This would definitely be a pyrrhic victory, given the hopes and demands that motivated the courageous political challenges embodied in withstanding without weapons the clubs, rubber bullets, live ammunition, and overall brutality, as well as the uncertainty as to what the soldiers in the streets would do when the order to open fire at the demonstrators came from the beleaguered old guard. What is needed beyond constitutional democracy is the substantive realization of good and equitable governance: this includes, above all, people-oriented economic policies, an end to corruption, and the protection of human rights, including especially economic and social rights. Such an indispensable agenda recognizes that the primary motivation of many of the demonstrators was related to their totally alienating entrapment in a jobless future combined with the daily struggle to obtain the bare necessities of a tolerable life. There is present here both questions of domestic political will and governmental capability to redirect the productive resources and distributive policies of the society. How much political space is available to alter the impositions of neoliberal globalization that was responsible for reinforcing, if not inducing, the grossly inequitable and corrupting impact of the world economy on the structuring of domestic privilege and deprivation? Not far in the background is an extended global recession that may be deepened in coming months due to alarming increases in commodity prices, especially food. According to the UN Food and Agricultural Organization the world Food Price Index reached a record high in December 2010, a level exceeded by another 3% rise in January of this year. Lester Brown, a leading expert on world food and environment, wrote a few days ago that “[t]he world is now one poor harvest away from chaos in world grain markets.” [International Herald Tribune, Feb 23, 2011] With political turmoil threatening world energy supplies, oil prices are also surging, allegedly further endangering the uneven and fragile economic recovery in the United States and Europe. Global warming adds a further troubling feature to this deteriorating situation, with droughts, floods, fires, and storms making it difficult to maintain crop yields, much increase food production to meet increasing demands of the world’s growing population. These impinging realities will greatly complicate the already formidable difficulties facing new leaders throughout the Arab world seeking with a sense of urgency to create job opportunities and affordable supplies of food for their citizenries. This challenge is intensified by the widely shared high expectations of improved living circumstances. If the autocratic prior regime was held responsible for mass impoverishment of the many and the scandalously excessive enrichment of the few, is it not reasonable to suppose that the more democratic successor governments should establish without much delay greatly improved living conditions? And further, how could it be claimed that the heroic uprising was worthwhile if the quality of life of ordinary citizens, previously struggling to avert the torments of impoverishment, does not start improving dramatically almost immediately? An understandably impatient public may not give their new leaders the time that need, given these conditions, to make adjustments that will begin to satisfy these long denied hopes and needs. Perhaps, the public will be patient if there are clear signs that the leaders are trying their hardest and even if actual progress is slow, there is some evidence that the material conditions of the populace are, at least, on an ascending slope. Even if the public is patient beyond reason, and understands better than can be prudently expected, the difficulties of achieving economic justice during a period of transition to a new framework of governance, there may be still little or no capacity to fulfill public expectations due to the impact of these worsening global conditions. It is quite possible that if the worst food/energy scenarios unfold, famines and food riots could occur, casting dark shadows of despair across memories of these historic victories that made the initial phases of each national uprising such a glowing testament to the human spirit, which seemed miraculously undaunted by decades of oppression and abuse. It needs also to be kept in mind that often the slogans of the demonstrators highlighted a thirst for freedom and rights. Even though there is little experience of democratic practice throughout the region, there will likely be a serious attempt by new governing institutions to distinguish their practices from those of their hated forebears, and allow for the exercise of all forms of oppositional activity, including freedom of expression, assembly, and party formation. Unlike the problems associated with creating jobs and providing for material needs, the establishment of the atmosphere of a free society is within the physical capacities of a new leadership if the political will exists to assume the unfamiliar risks associated with democratic practices. We must wait and see how each new leadership handles these normative challenges of transition. It remains to be seen as to whether the difficulties of transition are intensified by counterrevolutionary efforts to maintain or restore the old deforming structures and privileges. These efforts are likely to be aided and abetted by a range of covert collaborative undertakings joining external actors with those internal forces threatened by impending political change. And if this overview was not discouraging enough, there is one further consideration. As soon as the unifying force of getting rid of the old leadership is eroded, if not altogether lost, fissures within the oppositions are certain to emerge. There will be fundamental differences as between radical and liberal approaches to transition, and especially whether to respect the property rights and social hierarchies associated with the old regime, or to seek directly to correct the injustices and irregularities of the past. Some critics of the Mandela approach to reconciliation and transition in South Africa believe that his acceptance of the social and economic dimensions of the repudiated apartheid structure have resulted in a widely felt sense of revolutionary disappointment, if not betrayal, in South Africa. There will also be tactical and strategic differences about how to deal with the world economy, especially with respect to creating stability and attractive conditions for foreign investment. It is here that tensions emerge as between safeguarding labor rights and making investors feel that their operations will remain profitable in the new political environment. This recitation of difficulties is not meant to detract attention from or to in any way diminish the glorious achievements of the revolutionary uprisings, but to point to the unfinished business that must be addressed if revolutionary aspirations are going to be able to avoid disillusionment. So often revolutionary gains are blunted or even lost shortly after the old oppressors have been dragged from the stage of history. If ever there exists the need for vigilance it at these times when the old order is dying and the new order is struggling to be born. As Gramsci warned long ago this period of inbetweeness is vulnerable to a wide range of predatory tendencies. It is a time when unscrupulous elements can repress anew even while waving a revolutionary banner and shouting slogans about defending the revolution against its enemies. And a difficulty here is that the enemies may well be real as well as darkly imagined. How many revolutions in the past have been lost due to the machinations of their supposed guardians? Let us fervently hope that the mysteries of the digital age will somehow summon the creative energy to manage the transition to sustainable and substantive democracy as brilliantly as it earlier staged the revolutionary uprisings. Tags: Arab World, Chandra Muzaffar, counterrevolution, Egypt, Hosni Mubarak, Mubarak, Muslim Brotherhood, Politics, revolution Categories Commentary, Global Governance Revolutionary Prospects After Mubarak The Egyptian Revolution has already achieved extraordinary results: after only eighteen intense days of dramatic protests. It brought to an abrupt end Mubarak’s cruelly dictatorial and obscenely corrupt regime that had ruled the country for more than thirty years. It also gained a promise from Egyptian military leaders to run the country for no more than six months of transition, the minimum period needed for the establishment of independent political parties, free elections, and some degree of economic restabilization. It is hoped that this transition would serve as the prelude to and first institutional expression of genuine democracy. Some informed observers, most notably Mohamed ElBaradei worry that this may be too short a time to fill the political vacuum that exists in Egypt after the collapse of the authoritarian structures that had used its suppressive energies to keep civil society weak and to disallow governmental institutions, especially parliament and the judiciary, to function with any degree of independence. It is often overlooked that the flip side of authoritarianism is nominal constitutionalism. In contrast, some of the activist leaders that found their voice in Tahrir Square are concerned that even six months may be too long, giving the military and outside forces sufficient time to restore the essence of the old order, while giving it enough of a new look to satisfy the majority of Egyptians. Such a dismal prospect seems to be reinforced by reported American efforts to offer emergency economic assistance apparently designed to mollify the protesters, encourage popular belief that a rapid return to normalcy will provide this impoverished people (40% living on less than $2 per day; rising food price; high youth unemployment) with material gains. The bravery, discipline, and creativity of the Egyptian revolutionary movement is nothing short of a political miracle, deserving to be regarded as one of the seven political wonders of the modern world! To have achieved these results without violence, despite a series of bloody provocations, and persisting without an iconic leader, without even the clarifying benefit of a revolutionary manifesto, epitomizes the originality and grandeur of the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. Such accomplishments shall always remain glories of the highest order that can never be taken away from the Egyptian people, regardless of what the future brings. And these glorious moments belong not just to those who gathered at Tahrir Square and at the other protest sites in Cairo, but belong to all those ignored by the world media who demonstrated at risk and often at the cost of their life or physical wellbeing day after day throughout the entire country in every major city. Both the magnitude and intensity of this spontaneous national mobilization was truly remarkable. The flames of an aroused opposition were fanned by brilliantly innovative, yet somewhat obscure, uses of social networking, while the fires were lit by the acutely discontented youth of Egypt and kept ablaze by people of all class and educational backgrounds coming out into the street. The inspirational spark for all that followed in Egypt and elsewhere in the region, let us not forget, was provided by the Tunisian Revolution. What happened in Tunisia was equally astonishing to the amazing happenings in Egypt, not only for being the initiating tremor, but also for reliance on nonviolent militancy to confront a ruthlessly oppressive regime so effectively that the supposed invincible dictator, Ben Ali, escaped quickly to Saudi Arabia for cover. The significance of the Tunisian unfolding and its further development should not be neglected or eclipsed during the months ahead. Without the Tunisian spark we might still be awaiting the Egyptian blaze! As is widely understood, after the fireworks and the impressive cleanup of the piles of debris and garbage by the revolutionaries in Tahrir Square, itself a brilliantly creative footnote to their main revolutionary message, there remains the extraordinarily difficult task of generating ex nihil a new governing process based on human rights, the will of the Egyptian people, and a mighty resolve to guard sovereign rights against the undoubted plots of canny external actors scared by and unhappy with the revolution, seeking to rollback the outcome, and seeking above all by any means the restoration of Mubarakism without Mubarak. The plight of the Egyptian poor must also be placed on the top of the new political agenda, which will require not only control of food and fuel prices, but the construction of an equitable economy that gives as much attention to the distribution of the benefits of growth as to GNP aggregate figures. Unless the people benefit, economic growth is a subsidy for the rich, whether Egyptian or foreign. Short of catastrophic imaginings, if interpreted as warnings may forestall their actual occurrence, there are immediate concerns: it seemed necessary to accept the primacy of the Egyptian military with the crucial task of overseeing the transition, but is it a trustworthy custodian of the hopes and aspirations of the revolution? Its leadership was deeply implicated in the corruption and the brutality of the Mubarak regime, kept in line over the decades by being willing accomplices of oppressive rule and major beneficiaries of its corrupting largess. How much of this privileged role is the military elite ready to renounce voluntarily out of its claimed respect for and deference to the popular demand for an end to exploitative governance in a society languishing in mass poverty? Will the Egyptian military act responsibly to avoid the destructive effects of a second uprising against the established order? It should also not be forgotten that the Egyptian officer corps was mainly trained in the United States, and that coordination at the highest level between American military commanders and their Egyptian counterparts has already been resumed at the highest levels, especially with an eye toward maintaining ‘the cold peace’ with Israel. These nefarious connections help explain why Mubarak was viewed for so long as a loyal ally and friend in Washington, Tel Aviv, and Riyadh, and why the inner counsels of these governments are reacting with concealed panic at the outburst of emancipatory politics throughout the region. I would suppose that these old relationships are being approached with emergency zeal to ensure that however goes the transition to Egyptian democracy it somehow exempts wider controversial regional issues from review and change that would reflect the values that animated the revolutionary risings in Tunisia and Egypt. These values would suggest solidarity with movements throughout the Middle East to end autocratic governance, oppose interventions and the military presence of the United States, solve the Israel/Palestine conflict in accordance with international law rather than ‘facts on the ground,’ and seek to make the region a nuclear free zone (including Israel) reinforced by a treaty framework establishing peaceful relations and procedures of mutual security. It does not require an expert to realize that such changes consistent with the revolutionary perspectives that prevailed in Egypt and Tunisia would send shivers down the collective spines of autocratic leaderships throughout the region, as well as being deeply threatening to Israel and to the grand strategy of the United States and, to a lesser extent, the European Union, that has been determined to safeguard vital economic and political interests in the region by reliance on the military and paramilitary instruments of hard power. At stake if the revolutionary process continues, is Western access to Gulf oil reserves at prices and amounts that will not roil global markets, as well as the loss of lucrative markets for arms sales. Also at risk is the security of Israel so long as its government refuses to allow the Palestinians to have an independent and viable state within 1967 borders that accords with the two state solution long favored by the international community, and long opposed by Israel. Such a Palestinian state existing with full sovereign rights on all territories occupied by Israel since the 1967 War would mean an immediate lifting of the Gaza blockade, withdrawal of occupying Israeli forces from the West Bank, dismantling of the settlements (including in East Jerusalem), allowing Palestinian refugees to exercise some right of return, and agreeing to either the joint administration of Jerusalem or a Palestinian capital in East Jerusalem. It should be understood that such a peace was already implicit in Security Council Resolution 242 that was unanimously adopted in 1967, proposed again by Arab governments in 2002 with a side offer to normalize relations with Israel, and already accepted by the Palestinian National Council back in 1988 and reaffirmed a few years ago by Hamas as the basis for long-term peaceful coexistence. It should be understood that this Palestinian state claims only 22% of historic Palestine, and is a minimal redress of justice for an occupation that has lasted almost 44 years (recall that the UN partition plan gave the Palestinians 45% in 1947, and that seemed unfair at the time), and an expulsion that has resulted in an outrageously prolonged refugee status for millions of Palestinians that derives from the nakba of 1948. But until now, even this minimal recognition of the Palestinian right of self-determination has been unacceptable to Israel as most recently evidenced in the Palestine Papers that provide evidence that even when the Palestine Authority agreed to extravagant Israeli demands for retention of most settlements, including in East Jerusalem, and abandonment of any provision for the return of Palestinian refugees, the Israelis were not interested, and walked away. The question now is whether the revolutionary challenges posed by the outcome in Egypt will lead to a new realism in Tel Aviv, or more of the same, which would mean a maximal effort to rollback the revolutionary gains of the Egyptian people, or if that proves impossible, then at least do whatever possible to contain the regional enactment of revolutionary values. Does this seemingly amateur (in the best sense of the word) movement in Egypt have the sustaining energy, historical knowledge, and political sophistication to ensure that the transition process fulfills revolutionary expectations? So many past revolutions, fulsome with promise, have faltered precisely at this moment of apparent victory. Will the political and moral imagination of Egyptian militancy retain enough energy, perseverance, and vision to fulfill these requirements of exceptional vigilance to keep the circling vultures at bay? In one sense, these revolutions must spread beyond Tunisia and Egypt or these countries will be surrounded and existing in a hostile political neighborhood. Some have spoken of the Turkish domestic model as helpfully providing an image of a democratizing Egypt and Tunisia, but its foreign policy under AKP leadership is equally, if not more so, suggestive of a foreign policy worthy of these revolutions and their aftermath, and essential for a post-colonial Middle East that finally achieves its ‘second liberation.’ The first liberation was to end colonial rule. The second liberation, initiated by the Iranian Revolution in its first phase, seeks the end of geopolitical hegemony, and this struggle has barely begun. How dangerous is the prospect of intervention by the United States, Gulf countries, and Israel, probably not in visible forms, but in all likelihood in the form of maneuvers carried out from beneath the surface? The foreign policy interests of these governments and allied corporate and financial forces are definitely at serious risk. If the Egyptian revolutionary process unfolds successfully in Egypt during the months ahead it will have profound regional effects that will certainly shake the foundations of the old post-colonial regional setup, not necessarily producing revolutions elsewhere but changing the balance in ways that enhance the wellbeing of the peoples and diminish the role of outsiders. These effects are foreseeable by the adversely affected old elites, creating a strong, if not desperate, array of external incentives to derail the Egyptian Revolution by relying on many varieties of counterrevolutionary obstructionism. It is already evident that these elites with help from their many friends in the mainstream media are already spreading falsehoods about the supposed extremism and ambitions of the Muslim Brotherhood that seem intended to distract public attention, discredit the revolution, and build the basis for future interventionary moves, undertaken in the name of combating extremism, if not justified as counter-terrorism. It is correct that historically revolutions have swerved off course by succumbing to extremist takeovers. In different ways this happened to both the French and Russian Revolutions, and more recently to the Iranian Revolution. Extremism won out, disappointing the democratic hopes of the people, leading to either the restoration of the old elites or to new forms of violence, oppression, and exploitation. Why? Each situation is unique and original, but there are recurrent patterns. During the revolutionary struggle opposition to the old regime is deceptively unifying, obscuring real and hidden tensions that emerge later to fracture the spirit and substance of solidarity. Soon after the old order collapses, or as here partially collapses, the spirit of unity is increasingly difficult to maintain. Some fear a betrayal of revolutionary goals by the untrustworthy managers of transition. Others fear that reactionary and unscrupulous elements from within the ranks of the revolution will come to dominate the democratizing process. Still others fear that all will be lost unless an all out struggle against internal and external counterrevolutionary plots, real and imagined, is launched immediately. And often in the confusing and contradictory aftermath of revolution, some or all of these concerns have a foundation in fact. The revolution does need to be defended against its real enemies, which as here, definitely exist, as well to avoid imagined enemies that produce tragic implosions of revolutionary processes. It is in this atmosphere of seeking to consolidate revolutionary gains that the purity of the movement is at risk, and is tested in a different manner than when masses of people were in the streets defying a violent crackdown. The danger in Egypt is that the inspirational nonviolence that mobilized the opposition can in the months ahead either be superseded by a violent mentality or succumb to outside and inside pressures by being too passive or overly trusting in misleading reassurances. Perhaps, this post-revolutionary interval between collapse of the old and consolidation of the new poses the greatest challenge that has yet faced this exciting movement led by young leaders who are just now beginning to emerge from the shadows of anonymity. All persons of good will should bless their efforts to safeguard all that has been so far gained, and to move forward in solidarity toward a sustainably humane and just future for their society, their region, and their world. Tags: authoritarianism, counterrevolution, Egypt, Egyptians, European Union, Hosni Mubarak, Israel, Middle East, Mohamed ElBaradei, Palestine, revolution, Tel Aviv, Tunisia, United States Categories Commentary, Human Rights, Israel/Palestine, Nuclear Weapons The Toxic Residue of Colonialism: Protecting Interests, Disregarding Rights At least, overtly, there has been no talk from either Washington or Tel Aviv, the governments with most to lose as the Egyptian Revolution unfolds, of military intervention. Such restraint is more expressive of geopolitical sanity than postcolonial morality, but still it enables some measure of change to take place that unsettles, temporarily at least, the established political order. And yet, by means seen and unseen, external actors, especially the United States, with a distinct American blend of presumed imperial and paternal prerogatives are seeking to shape and limits the outcome of this extraordinary uprising of the Egyptian people long held in subsidized bondage by the cruel and corrupt Mubarak dictatorship. What is the most defining feature of this American-led diplomacy-from-without is the seeming propriety of managing the turmoil so that the regime survives and the demonstrators return to what is perversely being called ‘normalcy.’ I find most astonishing that President Obama so openly claims the authority to instruct the Mubarak regime about how it is supposed to respond to the revolutionary uprising. I am not surprised at the effort, and would be surprised by its absence, but merely by the lack of any signs of imperial shyness in a world order that is supposedly built around the legitimacy of self-determination, national sovereignty, and democracy. And almost as surprising, is the failure of Mubarak to pretend in public that such interference in the guise of guidance is unacceptable, even if behind closed doors he listens submissively and acts accordingly. This geopolitical theater performance of master and servant suggests the persistence of the colonial mentality on the part of both colonizer and their national collaborators. The only genuine post-colonial message would be one of deference: ‘stand aside, and applaud.’ The great transformative struggles of the last century involved a series of challenges throughout the global south to get rid of the European colonial empires. But political independence did not bring an end to the more indirect, but still insidious, methods of indirect control designed to protect economic and strategic interests. Such a dynamic meant reliance on political leaders that would sacrifice the wellbeing of their own people to serve the wishes of their unacknowledged former colonial masters, or their Western successors (the United States largely displacing France and the United Kingdom in the Middle East after the Suez Crisis of 1956). And these post-colonial servants of the West would be well-paid autocrats vested with virtual ownership rights in relation to the indigenous wealth of their country provided they remained receptive to foreign capital. In this regard the Mubarak regime was (and remains) a poster child of post-colonial success. Western liberal eyes were long accustomed not to notice the internal patterns of abuse that were integral to this foreign policy success, and if occasionally noticed by some intrepid journalist, who would then be ignored or if necessary discredited as some sort of ‘leftist,’ and if this failed to deflect criticism than point out, usually with an accompanying condescending smile, that torture and the like came with Arab cultural territory, a reality that savvy outsiders adapted to without any discomfort. Actually, in this instance, such practices were quite convenient, Egypt serving as one of the interrogation sites for the insidious practice of ‘extreme rendition,’ by which the CIA transports terrorist suspects to accommodating foreign countries that willingly provide torture tools and facilities. Is this what is meant by ‘a human rights presidency’? The irony should not be overlooked that President Obama’s special envoy to the Mubarak government in the crisis was none other than Frank Wisner, an American with a most notable CIA lineage. There should be clarity about the relationship between this kind of post-colonial state, serving American regional interests (oil, Israel, containment of Islam, avoidance of unwanted proliferation of nuclear weapons) in exchange for power, privilege, and wealth vested in a tiny corrupt national elite that sacrifices the wellbeing and dignity of the national populace in the process. Such a structure in the post-colonial era where national sovereignty and human rights infuse popular consciousness can only be maintained by erecting high barriers of fear reinforced by state terror that are designed to intimidate the populace from pursuing their goals and values. When these barriers are breached, as recently in Tunisia and Egypt, then the fragility of the oppressive regime glows in the dark. The dictator either runs for the nearest exit, as did Tunisia’s Ben Ali, or is dumped by his entourage and foreign friends so that the revolutionary challenge can be tricked into a premature accommodation. This latter process seems to represent the latest maneuvering of the palace elite in Cairo and their backers in the White House. Only time will tell whether the furies of counterrevolution will win the day, possibly by gunfire and whip, and possibly through mollifying gestures of reform that become unfulfillable promises in due course if the old regime is not totally reconstructed. Unfulfillable because corruption and gross disparities of wealth amid mass impoverishment can only be sustained, post-Tahrir Square, through the reimposition of oppressive rule. And if it is not oppressive, then it will not be able for very long to withstand demands for rights, for social and economic justice, and due course for solidarity with the Palestinian struggle. Here is the crux of the ethical irony. Washington is respectful of the logic of self-determination so long as it converges with American grand strategy, and oblivious to the will of the people whenever its expression is seen as posing a threat to the neoliberal overlords of the globalized world economy or to strategic alignments that seem so dear to State Department or Pentagon planners. As a result there is an inevitable to-ing and fro-ing as the United States tries to bob and weave, celebrating the advent of democracy in Egypt, complaining about the violence and torture of the tottering regime, while doing what it can to manage the process from outside, which means preventing genuine change, much less a democratic transformation of the Egyptian state. Anointing the main CIA contact person and a Mubarak loyalist, Omar Suleiman, to preside over the transition process on behalf of Egypt seems a thinly disguised plan to throw Mubarak to the crowd while stabilizing the regime he presided over for more than 30 years. I would expected more subtlety on the part of the geopolitical managers, but perhaps its absence is one more sign of imperial myopia that so often accompanies the decline of great empires. It is notable that most protesters when asked by the media about their reasons for risking death and violence by being in the Egyptian streets respond with variations on the phrases “We want our rights” or “We want freedom and dignity.” Of course, joblessness, poverty, food security, anger at the corruption, abuses, and dynastic pretensions of the Mubarak regime offer an understandable infrastructure of rage that undoubtedly fuels the revolutionary fires, but it is rights and dignity that seems to float on the surface of this awakened political consciousness. These ideas, to a large extent nurtured in the hothouse of Western consciousness and then innocently exported as a sign of good will, like ‘nationalism’ a century earlier, might originally be intended only as public relations moves, but over time such ideas gave rise to the dreams of the oppressed and victimized, and when the unexpected historical moment finally arrived, burst into flame. I remember talking a decade or so ago to Indonesian radicals in Jakarta who talked of the extent to which their initial involvement in anti-colonial struggle was stimulated to what they had learned from their Dutch colonial teachers about the rise of nationalism as a political ideology in the West. Ideas may be disseminated with conservative intent, but if they later become appropriated on behalf of the struggles of oppressed peoples such ideas are reborn, and serve as the underpinnings of a new emancipatory politics. Nothing better illustrates this Hegelian journey than the idea of ‘self-determination,’ initially proclaimed by Woodrow Wilson after World War I. Wilson was a leader who sought above all to maintain order, believed in satisfying the aims of foreign investors and corporations, and had no complaints about the European colonial empires. For him, self-determination was merely a convenient means to arrange the permanent breakup of the Ottoman Empire through the formation of a series of ethnic states. Little did Wilson imagine, despite warnings from his Secretary of State, that self-determination could serve other gods, and become a powerful mobilizing tool to overthrow colonial rule. In our time, human rights has followed a similarly winding path, sometimes being no more than a propaganda banner used to taunt enemies during the Cold War, sometimes as a convenient hedge against imperial identity, and sometimes as the foundations of revolutionary zeal as seems to be the case in the unfinished and ongoing struggles for rights and dignity taking place throughout the Arab world in a variety of forms. It is impossible to predict how this future will play out. There are too many forces at play in circumstances of radical uncertainty. In Egypt, for instance, it is widely believed that the army holds most of the cards, and that where it finally decides to put its weight will determine the outcome. But is such conventional wisdom not just one more sign that hard power realism dominates our imagination, and that historical agency belongs in the end to the generals and their weapons, and not to the people in the streets. Of course, there is blurring of pressures as the army could be merely trying to go with the flow, siding with the winner once the outcome seems clear. Is there any reason to rely on the wisdom, judgment, and good will of armies, not just in Egypt whose commanders owe their positions to Mubarak, but throughout the world? In Iran the army did stand aside, and a revolutionary process transformed the Shah’s edifice of corrupt and brutal governance, the people momentarily prevailed, only to have their extraordinary nonviolent victory snatch away in a subsequent counterrevolutionary move that substituted theocracy for democracy. There are few instances of revolutionary victory, and in those few instances, it is rarer still to carry forward the revolutionary mission without disruption. The challenge is to sustain the revolution in the face of almost inevitable counterrevolutionary projects, some launched by those who were part of the earlier movement unified against the old order but now determined to hijack the victory for its own ends. The complexities of the revolutionary moment require utmost vigilance on the part of those who view emancipation, justice, and democracy as their animating ideals because there will be enemies who seek to seize power at the expense of humane politics. One of the most impressive features of the Egyptian Revolution up to this point has been the extraordinary ethos of nonviolence and solidarity exhibited by the massed demonstrators even in the face of repeated bloody provocations of the baltagiyya dispatched by the regime. This ethos has so far refused to be diverted by these provocations, and we can only hope against hope that the provocations will cease, and that counterrevolutionary tides will subside, sensing either the futility of assaulting history or imploding at long last from the build up of corrosive effects from a long embrace of an encompassing illegitimacy. Tags: Central Intelligence Agency, colonialism, Egypt, Egyptians, Hosni Mubarak, intervention, Omar Suleiman, Politics of Egypt, post-colonialism, revolution, Tel Aviv, United States Categories Global Governance, Human Rights, Reflections, World Politics	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2748
__label__wiki	0.675874	0.675874	Looking for Yugoslavia: Q&A with Dragana Jurisic Pauline Eiferman, Dragana Jurisic, Photographer Q and A A Croatian photographer retraces the footsteps of a British writer in Yugoslavia to try to reassemble a country that no longer exists. Eighty years ago, on Easter Monday in 1936, a writer named Rebecca West embarked on a journey throughout the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It was the first of three trips that would make up the basis of her book, “Black Lamb and Grey Falcon,” an obsessively detailed chronicle of her wanderings and observations in a soon-to-be disappearing country. Decades later, the Croatian photographer Dragana Jurisic picked up the book when she moved from her home in ex-Yugoslavia to Dublin. It became a roadmap for her own examination into the country in which she was born, but which no longer exists. Part reportage, part memoir, “YU: The Lost Country” is her way of saying goodbye. She joined R&K from Dublin. Roads & Kingdoms: You just came back from Sarajevo, can you tell us about your show there? Dragana Jurisic: Yes, it’s the first time I’ve shown this work there. It’s not a regular gallery space, and I was working with such a constricted budget that I really needed to make a lot of allowances in the way things were presented, but it’s definitely good that people there can see it. Anyway, I don’t think this work will ever be shown in an institution in ex-Yugoslavia. They would not put funding into something that references what they have tried to obliterate. You know, the whole work is based on the idea of this forced amnesia among everyone—Serbs, Croats, Bosnians—they have all tried really hard to delete any memory that Yugoslavia ever existed. Hotel Jugoslavija. R&K: How has the show been received so far? Jurisic: There was an interview published in the liberal national newspaper Oslobođenje, and then I got an email from my dad and from my mother separately, telling me: how dare you say that the Croatian government is fascist? You don’t have to live there! Well, it is fascist, I was there through the 90s after the war, but I guess that because I live in Ireland now, I forget how you can get in trouble for saying stuff like that. I wasn’t considering my parents when I blurted that out, but I mean I stand behind it, it’s true. R&K: You must be used to strong reactions to this work, since the book came out a few months ago. Jurisic: I was very nervous when the book came out, but the feedback was positive. There was just this one article in a daily newspaper in Croatia by a political analyst who just went for it. But he never saw my book or my work, he was just using it to vent hatred basically. Also, Sean O’Hagan reviewed my book for the Guardian and the article was tweeted like 5-6,000 times, but there was no comments allowed. Usually in the Art and Design section there are comments, so when I met him later in Paris, I just thanked him for not allowing them. And he said that actually, they did allow comments for about an hour and then a shit-storm started and they closed them down. Anytime you have anything to do with ex-Yugoslavia, all these crazy nationalist idiots use it as a platform to vent hatred. With the Croatian article, I said to my dad: buy the print paper, do not go online. And of course he went online and he read all these horrible comments about his daughter. I’m 40 years old you know, but he was commenting back—in capital letters, because he’s like 70—and I was like please take everything down, it’s embarrassing. You don’t engage with crazy people. The Map of Yugoslavia from the first edition of Rebecca West’s “Black Lamb and Grey Falcon.” R&K: Why did you decide to leave the region? Jurisic: I grew up in Croatia and got a job as a psychologist straight out of college. But the politics in the 90s there were just absolutely abominable. I just couldn’t imagine myself living in this right-wing society, and you didn’t have to be very clever to figure out that this situation was not going away for the next 20 or 30 years. I couldn’t imagine wasting my life in this climate or bringing up a family or anything like that. So I decided to leave, I actually went to Prague first and there I met lots of runaways from the ex-Yugoslav Republics, but Prague was a crazy lifestyle that lasted for a year and I just wanted to find a place where I could speak English and could advance my career. Then, I visited some friends in Ireland and I really liked it. A couple in traditional dress in Zagreb, Croatia. R&K: Is that when you started photography? Jurisic: I had to find a job first, so I ended up working at St John of God, one of the biggest psychiatric hospitals in Dublin. I worked there for eight years, with people with learning disabilities. But the whole this time I was going back to this book “Black Lamb and Grey Falcon” by Rebecca West. I read it for the first time when I arrived to Dublin because my boyfriend at the time was studying international relations and he told me I should read it. The book was fascinating, but it also made me angry because I thought she was over-romanticizing that whole region. I read it, I left it, and maybe three or four years later I went back to it. Every time I re-read it, I was like holy shit, how can this woman, a foreign woman who goes there on three relatively short journeys, nail down the essence of the place so well? I was thinking a lot about that and I started researching her life. She was Anglo-Irish but she never felt like she belonged to England or to Ireland. She always felt displaced. And when she goes to Yugoslavia in the 1930s, she feels that for the first time in her life, she has found a place where people are like her: they’re all displaced. She feels like she has finally found her motherland, and she has this prophetic moment where everything becomes clear to her: she sees the advent of the second World War, and she says the country is going to disappear. Skopje, Macedonia. R&K: Is that why she wanted to write about it in so much detail? To preserve its memory? Jurisic: Exactly. And actually since she published her book in 1941, Yugoslavia disappeared twice, in 1941 and then in 1991. It really is a timeless book. I mean, people don’t walk around anymore in full costume, but the mannerisms she describes, the way people communicate, the essence of the place, it’s exactly the same. I think it was Geoff Dyer who once wrote that it was like a metaphysical Lonely Planet that never goes out of date. Lots of journalists in the 90s used this book as a guide. R&K: Why do you think that initial read that made you angry? Jurisic: I think I was just pissed off. I was angry that we allowed what happened to happen. I have a mixed background: a Serbian mother and a Croatian father, and I saw what these two sides were doing to each other, and I can definitely see what Croats and Serbs are doing to Muslims in Bosnia. Most of my father’s friends, who are liberal, intelligent people, were ignoring this at the time. It’s like it wasn’t happening. There was a concentration camp for women across the road from us on the Bosnian side, and everyone knew but no one said anything. It’s very scary actually, when you see that people can behave like total zombies. Where Franz Ferdinand met his end, Sarajevo, Bosnia. R&K: Why did you choose to base your project on “Black Lamb and Grey Falcon” and not something more personal, like your family history? Jurisic: I wanted to deal in some way with the loss of national identity and the loss of a country. The idea was to reassemble the country through my work. I wanted to make a metaphysical home where my identity could reside. But it didn’t turn out that way. It totally felt like a funeral procession. I was following a ghost on her travels through ex-Yugoslavia, and I think for me it was a way to say goodbye as well. I used this book because this whole region is so complicated historically that if I didn’t have a road map, I would have gotten totally lost. I don’t think this project would ever have ended. I needed a start date and an end date, and she basically tells you: I start on the Easter eve in Zagreb in Croatia, or I got up at 6 in the morning and I went to the market and I met these friends. I was able to recreate it almost to the hour. It was kind of nuts in a way because she’s a writer, and she would go to one place and take it in and then go somewhere else to write about it. So I would arrive somewhere she had spent 20 minutes in, and there was so much more there to see or photograph, but because I was really specific about being quite regimented in following this itinerary, I just kept moving as she moved. I remember in Skopje, she stayed for two weeks. After three days there, I was just like what am I doing here? It was challenging for a photographer to follow a writer in that way. Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. R&K: Do you think that by following Rebecca West’s footsteps you were trying to protect yourself and your family? Jurisic: Yes, although I did expose them quite a bit anyway. My father is this crazy eccentric person who doesn’t give a crap, and sometimes I’m scared for his safety, for the stuff that he shares and talks about, but I feel especially bad for my mother, who is a Serb living in Croatia. She had so much trouble in the 90s because of what she was. I think I did kind of expose her, but she had her revenge on me. There was a radio documentary made about “YU: The Lost Country” called “Journey To Yu,” and it was shown at the Belgrade Festival last year. My mom came from Croatia to see it and she invited like half of the Orthodox Church at the screening. I was like do you know what this is about? Are you trying to get me killed? But everything went OK in the end. On the way from Mostar to Sarajevo. R&K: What did they say? Jurisic: Nothing. There was a lot of silence. I mean, I actually had to walk out of the screening 15 minutes in because I could literally see my heart beating in my chest. It was shown in Sarajevo this year and people there really enjoyed it. They were laughing at the right spots, because I guess we have this shared experience. In Serbia, even young people who acknowledge the fact that what happened happened still don’t want to engage emotionally with this responsibility or shame. I think that really, after the war, they should have done to all of us what they did to Germans after the Second World War. Total reprogramming. Showing what exactly happened. R&K: How difficult was it to engage with people about Yugoslavia during the project? Jurisic: For me, the toughest place was Kosovo, because that was the last place touched by the war. I was not welcome from any side. The Serbs didn’t trust me because I had a Croatian passport, and the Albanians didn’t trust me because my first name is very Serbian. Actually, one nice Albanian man came up to me in Pristina after he overhead me talking to my assistant and he said just do yourself a service and call each other different names. People have been beaten to death basically because they spoke in the wrong accent. So that for me, was a very difficult place. Overall though, either people didn’t engage in conversations about Yugoslavia, or if they did engage with me, they would be very nostalgic. They would tell me that 20 years later, the situation is worst than it has ever been. When the war ends, you have this optimism that things will get better, and they didn’t get better. The whole economic system there is falling apart. Belgrade Zoo, Serbia. R&K: What were the differences you found between the countries you traveled through? Jurisic: This is total generalizing, but I think Rebecca West describes it a little bit when she goes to ex-Yugoslavia. She favors Bosnians the most and then Serbs, and she thinks Montenegrins are very handsome, but Croatians are a bit dry. I find that very funny. When we have family birthdays where both sides of my family are there, the Croats will be there, sitting, looking stern and smoking cigarettes and my Serbian cousins will be singing and crying. There is a slight difference in the temperament, but to me they’re all the same people. R&K: And do they talk about Yugoslavia the same way? Jurisic: Yes. There is a lot of nostalgia. But it’s also a time of sobering up now, and understanding the extent of the crimes. I think that people are slowly taking on responsibility. But when I talk to my friends back home, they’re very worried. Older people are coming to terms with what happened, but then you have this generation born post-war who is ultra-nationalist, basically fascist. Why would you hate Serbs or Muslims if you never had to live with them? R&K: How many trips did you take around the region? Jurisic: It was three trips, just like Rebecca West. And you know, it’s very interesting because she kept diaries very consistently throughout her life, but from this period of 1936 to 1942, I couldn’t find her diaries. They just disappeared. I was in contact with Yale Library and the University of Tulsa and they have everything before and after, but not the period in question. And then, there are all these stories that she might have worked for British intelligence. I don’t think she was Mata Hari, but probably anyone who traveled at that time would have been in some way reporting back, so she must have provided some information. Also, she never went back to Yugoslavia after the Second World War. Tetovo, Macedonia. R&K: How present was she throughout the whole project? Jurisic: I was reading so much about her at the time. I just find her fascinating. And I find that we are similar as women. We were going through a similar period in our lives: we were both in the second part of our 30s and many personal things also clicked, like she had some kind of operation and I did too. Things were weirdly overlapping. I think she had a miscarriage and I also had a miscarriage in between the two trips. There were lots of life events crossing. R&K: Is she still a big part of your life today? Jurisic: She is like a silent companion of my life, but now I have to move on. My new project is also very immersive, so I would like to jump all the way in. Sometimes you have to leave your old friends behind and go back to them later on. A Macedonian Makeover? The Mariachi Men of Yugoslavia Remembering the era when Mexico’s music reigned supreme in the Balkans. 17 Things to Know Before You Go to Belgrade The Serbian capital has seen a thing or two. From pork and coffee to Attila the Hun, the essentials for enjoying and understanding the White City. Albania’s Bunker Problem Thanks to a paranoid Communist past, the tiny nation is littered with fortifications against an attack that never came. A Sad Song for the Slavic Soul Can Bosnia’s melancholy melodies appeal to a new generation?	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2751
__label__wiki	0.550915	0.550915	Ron James – Harmless Aggression “I had a white suit made in 1960, started wearing it in January – and found it annoyed people tremendously. It’s kind of a harmless form of aggression.” Tom Wolfe Category Archives: Israel December 7, 2017 – 7:47 pm According to the New York Times “The World” is extremely upset over the President’s decision to actually implement the decades-old U.S. policy that recognizes Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. The headlines all scream that Trump has changed the policy. Wrong: By deciding to move the American embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, the President merely made what had been on paper a reality on the ground. Of course, “world opinion” is really the view of the relatively tiny handful of those currently in power and their media mouthpieces, as well as violent street protestors. I might have missed it while I was out doing more productive things, but I haven’t yet heard about the reaction of the American people, but then again, what do they know? And I haven’t read in the Times what even the sophisticated citizens of New York City think. I have heard what the Pope thinks: he’s not amused. I don’t know whether the current Pope’s opinion counts for very much since, amazingly, a number of Catholic bishops have publicly criticized him. But the Times thinks his view is very important, and who could argue with the so-called paper of record? The official reason “The World” is so upset is the claim that the President’s action will negatively affect the “peace process.” Of course the “peace process” has been bereft of life since Bill Clinton, at the very end of his tenure in office, offered what most Middle East mavens considered to be a fair and very generous settlement to Israeli prime minister Ehud Barack and PLO chairman Yasir Arafat. Barack accepted and Arafat rejected the plan. On his return to headquarters, Arafat ordered up another intifada. From then on, I believe, the words “Yasir Arafat” never publicly passed through Bill Clinton’s lips. (What he said in private is probably not appropriate for a family blog.) Clinton, perhaps naively, spent a great deal of time and effort trying to end the Israeli-Arab conflict once and for all. First, he worked hard to defeat the incumbent prime minister Bibi Netanyahu by sending his very own political gunslingers, James Carville and Paul Begala, over to Israel to manage Barack’s campaign. (Talk about interfering in another country’s election; imagine any foreign leader dispatching his or her top political operatives to manage the campaign of an American presidential candidate. Impossible!) Then he proceeded to wine and dine Arafat (who previously had ordered the murder of at least two Americans), inviting him to the White House more times than any foreign head of state. In the end, it must have been clear to sober observers that Arafat and company really saw the “peace process” as an alternative means of warfare waged to eliminate Israel. It cannot possibly be that the intellectually superior European leaders really still believe in the “peace process.” Obviously, they are really afraid of Arab terrorism and riots organized by Iran, Hezbollah, and their left wing “anti-fa” supporters who have trashed buildings on American university campuses where people they don’t like are scheduled to speak. When I read about “The World’s” reaction, I am reminded of a story told by the comedian Robert Klein. When they were kids, Klein and his sister got into a fight because she had the temerity to say something negative about the New York Yankees. Klein’s father heard the yelling and screaming and rushed in to break up the fight. Then he turned to Robert and said, “What the hell did the Yankees ever do for you?” That’s the question I’d like to ask the Pope: What the hell did the Arabs ever do for you? Does it ever cross the Pope’s mind that there wouldn’t be a pope today if it weren’t for American money and the blood of American soldiers? Doesn’t he realize that the Vatican could have been torn down, priceless art and all, and replaced with either imperial style Nazi architecture or Soviet-style “workers’ housing”? What about Theresa May, Angela Merkel, Emmanuel Macron and all the rest? Don’t they owe their countries’ existence (not to mention their freedom) to the United States? To be sure, they have every “right” to complain (another entitlement they wouldn’t have if it weren’t for U.S. protection). But that doesn’t mean that they have to exercise that right. Yes, I know: Trump doesn’t equal America. And lots of Americans refuse to accept Trump as “their president.” So go fight the Constitution, the Electoral College, and current law. For the time being, at least, Trump is the president and the recognition of Jerusalem as Israel’s capital is in the process of being fully implemented (at least until, inevitably, some Obama-appointed federal judge from Poughkeepsie–not that there’s anything wrong with Poughkeepsie–decides that he (or she) is empowered to make foreign policy.) He Who Shall Not Be Named, aka, President Trump obviously doesn’t think it’s ever a good idea to base policy on fear and intimidation. Also there are lots of folks out there who simply don’t understand efforts to promote peace and fairness; they see it as weakness. The current president wants to disabuse those folks of that belief, and moving the American embassy to Jerusalem is a good start. By Ron \| Also posted in Jerusalem, Palestinians, The Constitution, The Presidency \| Comments (0) Why Are The Palestinians Special? Note on the map below: “Palestinian Land” and “Occupied Palestinian Land” are more accurately considered “disputed territory.” What is so special about the Palestinians? Why is the conflict between them and Israel such an essential casus belli for mostly leftist intellectuals around the world? Before offering my answer to that question, I note that the struggle over what was once called Palestine is only one of many land disputes around the world. Usually the disputes are resolved when one side defeats the other, and then both sides, as they say, move on. The present-day American states of California, Nevada, Utah, most of Arizona, about half of New Mexico, about a quarter of Colorado, and a small section of Wyoming once belonged to Mexico. Mexico lost the Mexican-American War, and those territories were annexed by the United States. To be sure, there may be a few diehards in Mexico who still bemoan the loss of their land to the U.S, but I expect that most Mexicans consider that to be ancient history. The Vietnam War was a land dispute between the communist North Vietnamese and the American backed South Vietnamese. The Americans and their Vietnamese allies lost the war, and once again, most moved on. A neighbor of mine was one of the Vietnamese “boat people,” who escaped Vietnam by way of a rickety boat when she was a child. I asked her if she had since visited Vietnam or wished to. Her answer: No, no no! She now lives in a beautiful house with her husband and children. And she drives a Tesla. She is definitely not interested in returning to her “ancestral home,” her roots. She too has moved on. Today, Freedom House rates Vietnam a six out of seven for nations that are the “least free,” and a seven out of seven for countries with the worst record in political rights. According to an article in the March 28, 2014 issue of National Geographic Magazine, there are more than 150 disputes around the world that involve land. One they consider particularly problematic is Crimea where Russian forces occupied and then annexed the country. And do you remember the 2008 “five-day war” with Georgia in which Russia took over Abkhazia and South Ossetia, two regions that once were firmly considered part of Georgia? China is engaged in an number of land disputes. There is the territory known as the Senkaku Islands in Japan and the Diaoyu Islands in China. The article notes that, “China is involved in multiple other territorial disputes, including the long struggle over Tibet, which ‘is an example of a dispute where there is one state and an area inside it wants to be separate,’ says Ron Hassner, an associate professor of political science at the University of California, Berkeley, who has written extensively about territory disputes… He adds, ‘Another form of territorial dispute is when two states argue over a piece of land that lies between them, such as Jammu and Kashmir.'” Gibraltar is also a bone of contention between the U.K. and Spain. The Kurds are a people who many believe deserve a state of their own. They suffered in Iraq under Saddam Hussein and they still have an ongoing armed conflict with Turkey. I could go on, but you can see for yourself: Google “territorial land disputes.” The list is long. Yet most of those obsessed over the supposed Israeli oppression of the Palestinians could not care less about any of these other disputes where, in many cases, people are being oppressed and denied their rights. The case for Israel is that the Jews were living in the disputed land long before the Arabs invaded. In addition, Israel still stands prosperous and strong after defeating the Arabs over and over again in wars of self-defense. This is usually the way land disputes are settled, and the Israeli presence pre-dating the Arabs is further support for their right to the land. Of course, the dispute could be settled by negotiation, but the Palestinians have shown no interest in that. It is true that “might doesn’t make right,” but it does make for reality as history shows. So why is the Palestinian-Israeli dispute special as compared to the more than 150 other land disputes going on around the world? The two answers are usually oil or anti-Semitism. As I said before, the group mainly responsible for the anti-Israel movement is the left-wing educated class; therefore, I would reject oil as a reason for their obsession with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict since that class is adamantly opposed to fossil fuels. I can only conclude that they don’t like Jews. By Ron \| Also posted in Palestinians \| Comments (2) Israel- An Addition Yesterday, I wrote about the views of our guide Jackie. I wrote that Jackie did not express his opinion about the Israeli settlements on the West Bank. My wife remembers it differently, and I think she is right. Jackie stressed throughout our tour that the Jews lived in Israel and the West Bank long before the Arabs. Much of the tour was spent visiting excavation sights and ruins that prove the presence of Jews in Israel that pre-dated the Arabs. Thus, the Jews, he believes, have a greater claim to the area than the Palestinians. I don’t know whether he would be for annexing the West Bank and Gaza, but he does believe that the Israelis have the right to do so. By Ron \| Also posted in Culture \| Comments (0) Israel and London I recently returned from an eighteen day trip to Israel and London. I had been to Israel once before and to London many times. In Israel, we had a guide who drove us around the country, and we stayed in relatively luxurious hotels. In London, we stayed with a friend who lives in a section of London called Islington, a once poor neighborhood that is now being “gentrified” with houses selling for a million pounds or more. In London, we got around by bus and the tube (subway). In Israel, I spoke only with our guide, Jackie; and in London with a few friends. Thus, I had a limited exposure to the political views that dominate each country. In Israel, I didn’t feel that I was in a country under siege. The markets were packed with lots of food and customers. The same was true of the restaurants. I never had the feeling that I was in danger. Rather I felt that I was in a prosperous, safe country where construction and renovation were widespread. Jackie, our guide, was reticent about talking politics, so it was, at first, difficult to ascertain his views. As I recall, the first indication of his politics came when we visited the sight in Tel Aviv where Yitzhak Rabin was murdered by a Jewish religious fanatic. Jackie’s reverence for Rabin was obvious as was, we later discovered, his contempt for Bibi Netanyahu and most other right wing politicians now in power. He talked about Netanyahu’s greed (Bibi was under investigation for accepting gifts from wealthy supporters) as well as his wife’s reputed addiction to expensive clothes and jewelry. All of Jackie’s distaste for politicians was directed at the conservative party in power, none at the more liberal Labor Party. Although Jackie was on the left side of Israeli politics, he was quite conservative when it came to what he called “the world.” Extremely gregarious, Jackie made friends with all types of Israelis, including Muslims. Still, he had much disdain for “the world’s” intentions towards Israel. When I brought up the boycott of Israeli products made on the West Bank, he angrily noted how hypocritical this was: “Don’t these people know that thousands of Palestinians lose their jobs when Israeli manufacturers close down?” He also had total contempt for the United Nations, especially UNRA, the U.N Relief Agency for Palestinian Refugees. UNRA’s job is to move the many Palestinians currently in refugee camps to other countries like Jordan where the population is 70 percent Palestinian, many of whom are living in refugee camps because Jordan refuses to resettle them. Jackie noted that UNRA has not resettled even one refugee and observed that the United States is the main source of financing for UNRA. Unfortunately, I neglected to ask him what he thought about the expanding Israeli settlements on the West Bank. Jackie was a politically liberal Israeli and a conservative when it came to “the world” versus Israel. He even supported Donald Trump because he believed that Trump would support Israel, as opposed to Barack Obama. Still, Jackie’s views on domestic issues are obviously those of a minority of Israelis since Bibi has been elected Prime Minister four times, matching David Ben-Gurion’s record. After a few days in London I began to feel less affection for a city I had loved since my first visit in 1965. Maybe I am getting old, but getting around on the tube was an ordeal. Most times, the train was packed full (One nice thing is that young people always offer their seats to the older riders.). Then there’s the endless walks to other trains or to the exit. The passengers often looked tired and shabby as they gazed at their cell phones or listened to music through their headphones. Walking around the rich West End, I saw lots of large Mercedes parked outside of fancy shops. The Mercedes are usually accompanied by large, tough looking chauffeur/body guards. Reputedly, the cars and chauffeurs belong to billionaire Russians. Unfortunately, London isn’t an English city anymore. In a city like New York, such things don’t matter perhaps because all Americans are immigrants, but the English are a people, a race; and they and their culture are being eclipsed by foreigners, many of whom refuse to assimilate. Indeed, they often demand that the English live by their rules. For example, British writer Melanie Phillips cites “a poll conducted by the Guardian newspaper [that] 61 percent of British Muslims wanted to be governed by Islamic law, operating on Sharia principles…A clear majority wanted Islamic law introduced into Britain in civil cases relating to their own community…88 percent wanted to see British schools and workplaces accommodating Muslim prayer time as part of their normal working day.” As I said, we stayed with a friend who lives in Islington, a once poor, now respectable neighborhood. The new residents are often of the intellectual class. Professors and actors set the tone. It seems that Islington residents depend solely on the far left Guardian for their news along with the almost equally left wing BBC. In Islington no one would read a right of center paper like the Daily Telegraph, or any news source owned by Rupert Murdoch, like Sky News television or The Times. This is different from America where right wingers often read or at least know what’s in the New York Times, and left wingers often read the conservative Wall Street Journal and look occasionally at Fox News. In other words, the British are much more balkanized than Americans when it comes to the news. So for example, I found my Islington friends to be unaware of Palestinian rejection of an extremely generous peace proposal devised by Bill Clinton and accepted by Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barack. Obviously it wasn’t covered much in the Guardian. Still, there is obviously a diversity of political views in Britain, for the Conservative Party has governed the country for a number of years. And while those on the left despise the late conservative Margaret Thatcher, others revere her. And in Israel, Jackie is obviously in the minority since Netanyahu has been elected prime minister four times, matching David Ben- Gurion’s record. Politics aside, we had fun visiting friends in London and experiencing the unique nation of Israel. By Ron \| Also posted in Culture, London, Politics \| Comments (0) Bernie Madoff feminism, spandex tights, health clubs Harvey Weinstein, Louis C.K., Paz de la Huerta Jewish graves Journalism, Writers Political lawn signs Small hands Daily Alert David Warren Online Dylanosophy Foxnation Kyle Smith Online Opinion Journal of Wall Street Journal Peter Hitchens Blog Philly.com Politico.com Robin Shepard Online SteynOnline Times of London townhall.com	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2753
__label__wiki	0.783318	0.783318	Tag: CTF 150 FS Cassard Makes Second Drug Bust During CTF 150 Deployment February 25, 2019 February 26, 2019 seawaves February 25, 2019 – More success for the French Navy as French Ship (FS) Cassard seized and destroyed 2,031 kg of hashish in the northern Arabian Sea in international waters off the coast of Oman on 22nd February, 2019. This marks the second successful boarding for FS Cassard while operating under the direction of Combined Task Force (CTF) 150. On 31st January 2019, FS Cassard seized and destroyed over 665 kg of heroin during CTF 150 focused operation MARHABA. On this occasion, FS Cassard spotted and contacted a suspicious dhow… February 2019CMF, CTF 150, FS Cassard, Narcotics HMAS Ballarat Seizes 3.1 Tonnes of Hashish in the Middle East January 15, 2019 January 15, 2019 seawaves January 13, 2019 – Royal Australian Navy frigate HMAS Ballarat has seized more than 3.1 tonnes of hashish worth about $155 million* during a boarding operation that took place 8-9 January 2019 in international waters in the Arabian Sea. The fishing vessel, known as a dhow, was believed to be engaged in illegal activity when Combined Task Force 150 (CTF 150) of the Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) directed Ballarat to board the vessel and conduct a flag verification check. Ballarat’s boarding team searched the dhow and seized the hashish. The… January 2019CTF 150, Darren Garnier, Hashish, HMAS Ballarat, Operation Manitou, Paul Johnson Royal Australian Navy seizes illegal drug shipments in the Middle East December 31, 2018 December 31, 2018 seawaves December 28, 2018 – Royal Australian Navy frigate HMAS Ballarat has seized more than 900 kilos of heroin worth approximately $279 million* during two boarding operations that took place 21–23 Dec 18 as part of Operation MANITOU. Ballarat conducted flag verification checks by boarding vessels of interest, under the direction of the Combined Maritime Forces’ (CMF) Combined Task Force (CTF) 150 in international waters in the Arabian Sea. The fishing vessels, known as dhows, were believed to be engaging in illegal activity. The boarding team discovered and seized illegal narcotics… December 2018CTF 150, Hashish, HMAS Ballarat, narcoitcs FS Floreal Nabs 7000 KG of Hashishi September 30, 2018 September 30, 2018 seawaves September 26, 2018 – The French frigate FS Floreal struck twice in 24 hours to seize over 7000kg of hashish, valued at $3.5m,¹ from suspicious dhows. This is most significant seizure of illicit drugs in the Indian Ocean since the Royal Saudi Naval Force took over command of CMF’s Combined Task Force (CTF)150 in August. On the 23rd of September, the first fishing dhow was spotted behaving in a suspicious manner. FS Floreal conducted a boarding and discovered 3900kg of hashish, which was confiscated and later destroyed. Barely a few… September 2018CTF 150, FS Floreal, Hashish, Yemen Australia passes CTF150 command to Brits June 6, 2018 seawaves Nineteen boardings, 3.1 tonnes of heroin and 36 tonnes of hashish seized and destroyed, and over $2.7 billion AUD removed from terrorist networks. These numbers highlight the achievements of the Australian-led rotation of Combined Task Force 150 (CTF150) and their support to the Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) mission. The Australian-Canadian rotation, deployed since November 2017, completed their successful tour and showed the strength like-minded nations have in combating the trans-national threat of global terrorism. CDRE Mal Wise said he was proud of the achievements made by CTF150 during the past… June 2018Bahrain, CTF 150, Narcotics, piracy, RAN, RN CTF 150’s FS Jean de Vienne Siezes More than 1,160 Pounds of Heroin March 27, 2018 seawaves French destroyer Jean de Vienne secured their second drug seizure this year in support of Combined Task Force (CTF) 150, March 25. A total of 1,160 pounds of heroin was seized during an operation in the international waters of the Arabian Sea. Jean de Vienne’s seizure is the tenth for CTF150 since January this year; which together with HMAS Warramunga and PNS Aslat totals in excess of 22 tons of narcotics seized. The Jean de Vienne’s Lynx helicopter was conducting routine surveillance in the international waters of the Arabian Sea… March 2018CTF 150, FS Jean de Vienne, heroin, HMAS Warramunga, PNS Aslat EUNAVFOR Teams Up With CTF 150 in Gulf of Aden November 30, 2017 December 10, 2018 seawaves Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) and EUNAVFOR Task Forces have conducted recent exercises off the coast of Yemen, in the Gulf of Aden, as part of ongoing cooperation and partnership work in the region. CMF’s Task Force CTF150 has a mandate to deny the free use of the high seas to networks supporting terrorism in the wider Indian Ocean; EUNAVFOR’s CTF465 has a mandate (since 2008) to conduct counter piracy operations off the coast of Somalia. Although they have a different focus and aim, both missions complement each other as they… 2017 NovemberCTF 150, CTF465, ESPS Rayo, EUNAVFOR, FS Jean Bart, Gulf of Aden CTF 150 Undertakes Focuses Operation Sea Watch November 13, 2017 seawaves As the south western monsoon in the Indian Ocean recedes and the summer sea swell conditions abate, experience suggests that the seasonal potential for narcotics trafficking in the Combined Maritime Forces’ (CMF’s) area of operations can typically be expected to increase. The responsibilities of warships and maritime patrol aircraft flying in support of Combined Task Force (CTF) 150 surveillance operations are specifically targeted on preventing narcotics smuggling, a prime source of funding for terrorist groups in the region. CMF’s efforts continue to be concentrated towards disrupting all illicit cargoes (including… 2017 NovemberCTF 150, Indian Ocean, Operation Sea Watch FS Auvergne Integrates With CTF 150 Google Translation Under the aegis of the Pakistani command, the multi-mission frigate Auvergne joined the Combined Task Force 150 (CTF 150) on August 24th. This force participates in the Indian Ocean in the fight against illicit trafficking financing terrorism. The operational deployment of the FREMM Auvergne is part of its long-term deployment to verify its military capabilities in an operational environment. In this region marked by both instability and a very strong maritime traffic, the building patrols the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. The Cayman Marine embarked allows… 2017 AugustCTF 150, FREMM, FS Auvergne, Horizon Class Royal Navy completes successful international partnership in efforts to seize drugs worth £400M Royal Navy sailors have this week completed a successful five month deployment with international partners to combat drug smuggling in the Gulf and Indian Ocean. The UK and France commanded a multinational naval task force which has scored eight drugs busts over the period, seizing 1.75 tonnes of narcotics worth nearly £400m, including 265kg of heroin and 455kg of hashish worth £65m by the Royal Navy Type 23 frigate, HMS Monmouth. Since April, British, French, US and Australian warships in Combined Task Force 150 (CTF150) took part in Operation Southern… 2017 AugustCTF 150, HMS Monmouth, Paul Pitcher, RN End of mission for Forbin after more than 5 months of commitment April 5, 2017 seawaves Google Translation April 5, 2017 – Deployed in operations for more than five and a half months, the air defense frigate “Forbin” ends a mission in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. After sailing from Toulon on 25 October 2016, the “Forbin” joined the French carrier group around Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier deployed off Syria to strengthen France’s participation in the fight against Daech. For nearly a month of operation, this powerful and efficient building controlled the regional airspace and the command of the air defense of the… 2017 AprilCTF 150, CTG 50, FS Forbin, Toulon USS Laboon Makes Second Drug Bust in a Week March 21, 2017 – For the second time in five days, guided-missile destroyer USS Laboon (DDG 58) intercepted a small, stateless dhow in the international waters of the Arabian Sea and seized 500 kilograms of Hashish, March 17.Laboon, conducting maritime security operations in the region as part of Combined Task Force (CTF) 150 of the Combined Maritime Forces, conducted an inspection of the vessel as part of a flag verification boarding and found the illicit cargo.Lt. Dan Foley, the boarding officer who led the team which made… 2017 MarchCommodore Haydn Edmundson RCN, CTF 150, Hashish, USS Laboon CTF 150’s Second Drug Bust in Two Weeks March 14, 2017 – Combined Task Force (CTF) 150 has made a second seizure of drugs in under two weeks in the Arabian Sea. On 13 March, USS LABOON seized 270 kg of heroin concealed on a dhow that had been tracked by a helicopter from RFA Fort Victoria. The USS LABOON’s boarding team conducted a thorough search of the dhow that resulted in the discovery of the heroin. While such operations are complex and challenging, the ship’s boarding teams are highly professional and trained specifically for this role. Commander Jason… 2017 MarchCMF, CTF 150, Hadyn C Edmunson, HMAS Arunta, RFA Fort Victoria, USS Laboon	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2756
__label__wiki	0.787828	0.787828	2,000th Learner to enrol in training as part of the Community Organisers Expansion Programme Feb 14 2019 - 4:30pm Community Organisers and The National Academy of Community Organising are delighted to announce the 2,000th Learner to enrol in training as part of the Community Organisers Expansion Programme. Over the past few years, community organising has emerged as a vibrant and powerful movement; building collective power within communities; enabling people to overcome social injusticeby taking action around their common concerns. It is such a popular movement that organisations as diverse as the Nationwide Building Society, Airbnb, and Bristol City Council are all employing community organisers. It’s a success that is reflected in the membership of the national body – known simply as ‘Community Organisers’ – which has grown from hundreds to thousands of members in less than two years; inspiring people up and down the country to join a growing band of active citizens who are transforming their neighbourhoods for good. The impact of that transformation is acknowledged in the Government’s Civil Society Strategy, which states: “We know that where Community Organisers are at work, people feel a stronger sense of belonging to their neighbourhood, they feel more valued, and they become more likely to team up and improve their area.” Last week, amid this growth in community organising and surge in social action – and just over a year since its inception on Charities Day 2017 –The National Academy of Community Organising registered its 2,000th learner: Tyler England from Islington in London. 18-year-old Tyler –who currently volunteers with the Islington Food Bank and is part of the Creative Opportunities project – said that he was inspired to take part in the ‘Introduction to Community Organising’ training because he would like to “represent the Constituency one day as an MP.” Going on to say that the course gave him the opportunity to understand his local community’s interests and concerns – and that community organising would enable him to have: “empathy and up-to-date knowledge of where I live, and how to organise movements.” Nick Gardham, CEO of Community Organisers and a founder of the National Academy, said he was thrilled at the 2,000th learner achievement, explaining that “When people are organised, communities get heard and power begins to shift creating real change, that’s why community organisers reach out and listen, connect, and motivate people to build their collective power; bringing people together to take action around their common concerns and overcome social injustice.” In 2017, Community Organisers secured a major £4.2m contract from the Office for Civil Society, part of the Department of Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), to expand the network of people involved with community organising by a target of 3,500. This ambitious expansion programme is increasing the number of people engaged in community organising across England; enabling them to take greater control of their neighbourhoods and create strong, resilient communities that work for everyone. A major part of the expansion programme is the National Academy of Community Organising, which provides quality assured training courses and qualifications in community organising. The National Academy is formed by a network of organisations affiliated to Community Organisers, known as Social Action Hubs. There are currently 20 Social Action Hubs across England, including the Selby Trust in North London. They are locally rooted organisations committed to community organising who train and support people to develop their understanding and practice of community organising and to get involved in social action. Anyone who is interested in getting training in community organising so they can ignite social action in their community should get in touch with Community Organisers.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2759
__label__cc	0.531407	0.468593	Home » Staff Denise Mayotte, Executive Director Denise has served as the Executive Director of the Sheltering Arms Foundation since November 2003. Previous roles have included service as a program officer for the McKnight Foundation and executive director for both KFAI Radio and the Neighborhood Resource Center. Denise is the co-chair of the Start Early Funders Coalition and chair of the MinneMinds Coalition. She serves on the boards of the Minnesota Council on Foundations and Voqal, a national funder of social change and media organizations. She holds a BA from the University of Minnesota and was a policy fellow with the Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs. Diane Grossman, Associate Director Diane has served as Associate Director of The Sheltering Arms Foundation since March 2001. Diane earned her BBA from the University of Wisconsin and went on to be Dane County Regional Manager (Retail) at AnchorBank and Executive Coordinator of the State Bar of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Law Foundation, where she oversaw the development and creation of the Law Foundation Fellows Program. Following her move to Minnesota and her role at Sheltering Arms, Diane has served in various roles on the Minnesota and National Grant Managers Network.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2764
__label__wiki	0.977533	0.977533	Bayou Betterment Katy Reckdahl The former correctional officer mops sweat off his brow as he plays two-on-one basketball against kids he would have once called offenders. Michael Gaines gestures toward the man who's trying to block a layup by one of the kids. "In the old days, he would have just stood here in his uniform and watched while the kids played ball with each other," says Gaines. In those "old days" -- about six months ago -- Gaines was a deputy warden, overseeing a staff of lieutenants, captains, and ofﬁcers. Today he's called deputy director, and his staffers, called youth-care workers, are newly trained at managing adolescent behavior. Their charges are the 70 delinquent children, ages 13 to 20, who reside at the crown jewel of Louisiana's juvenile-justice-reform program, the Bridge City Center for Youth. Gaines and his boss, director (and former warden) John Anderson, point out signs of reform as they walk among the mossy live oaks that create a canopy over the yards of this onetime Catholic orphanage, a cluster of red-brick buildings across the Mississippi River from New Orleans. This summer, the state pulled back the razor wire surrounding the former Bridge City Correctional Center for Youth, plucked the word "correctional" from its name, and relaxed the staff dress code from blue uniforms to polo shirts and khakis. The goal? To remake Bridge City into a model, "Missouri-style" facility that will serve juveniles from the New Orleans region. Currently, only about 40 percent of Bridge City's kids hail from the New Orleans metropolitan area. The state's pilot program is also still small; by the end of August, about 24 young men will be living in three Missouri-style dorm areas, remodeled at about $8,000 a pop. In place of military-style bunks and blankets, metal footlockers, concrete ﬂoors, and open group showers, the new areas offer a softer, homier environment. That means carpeted ﬂoors, windows hung with curtains and fronted with houseplants, and showers divided by bright curtains (they'll soon have permanent individual stalls). In the living area, unlocked wooden wardrobes stand next to wooden bunk beds, covered with colorful quilts. Across the room is a group of comfy couches arranged around an end table. It's here, on these couches, that a lot of the dorm's work is accomplished -- through peer-group meetings called "circles." "When we wake up, we check in, call a circle," says Joe, a young man from New Orleans who lives in the ﬁrst remodeled Bridge City dorm, called Ujima after the Kwanzaa principle for collective work and responsibility. The group also holds routine circles after lunch and at the end of the day, and as necessary, to discuss concerns or complaints with the other kids and the dorm's manager, youth-care worker, and counselor. Additional, impromptu circles are conducted standing together outside or wherever they're needed. The difference between this dorm and those at other Louisiana juvenile facilities is most apparent during free time. At Bridge City, the young men giggle and joke, work on art projects, write in journals, put an arm on another youth's shoulder when helping him with homework. Gone are the tough poses, the tense jostling, the strictly enforced personal-safety distances. Getting to this point took some adjustment. Eight teenagers moved into this dorm in June. But by late July, three of those residents had transferred out and been replaced by three other kids, all of them new to the juvenile system. "[Circles] weren't being called consistently. The group was at a standstill," explains dorm manager Patrick Riley. Bo, one of the original eight residents, nods his head. "It was the same thing everyday," he says. "[The circles] were dragging us down more than bringing us up." Eventually, participating in the process will be mandatory for everyone. "We wouldn't do this as a rule," says Gaines. But in this pilot stage, the young men are allowed to opt out, which one teen did, saying "it wasn't for him." The other two were asked to leave because they were verbally aggressive. In July, the state ofﬁcially opened Ujima with a press conference and a visit from Governor Kathleen Babineaux Blanco. During the 2003 governor's race, Blanco, a former schoolteacher and the sitting lieutenant governor, was the ﬁrst gubernatorial contender to sign on to a juvenile-justice-reform platform. The young men in Ujima say that she spent a long time talking with them, about circles, their dorm's new look, their faith, and their families. "You can tell she's a mom," says Joe. "She talked that mother talk." The governor laughs at the assessment. "I did ask them what they hoped to do when they were released," she says. "You've got some things going for you in Louisiana," says Molly Armstrong of the Annie E. Casey Foundation, who's spent the last year in Louisiana and the last decade working with a wide range of governments and their juvenile systems. For instance, she says, in Louisiana, juvenile-justice reform has an unusually high proﬁle. "I think it's amazing you get the level of attention to the issue [here]," she says, crediting advocates for pushing it into the public forum and keeping it there. To Armstrong, the state's biggest advantage is Blanco. "The governor actually cares about juvenile-justice issues," she says. "That's unbelievably rare." In 2003, while Blanco was still running for ofﬁce, the Louisiana Legislature passed the Juvenile Justice Reform Act, prodded by exposés, litigation, and the death of a child at the hands of a Bridge City guard. The statute, Act 1225, speciﬁcally condemns large correctional facilities and "declares it to be the policy of the state of Louisiana to assist in the development and establishment of a community-based, school-based, and regionally based system." Blanco won election later that year and took ofﬁce in January 2004. Soon afterward, she took reform a step forward by signing an executive order separating the juvenile system from the adult corrections system and bringing in consultants from the Casey Foundation and from the highly successful Missouri juvenile system. "Juvenile justice has a new face in Louisiana," she declared, "and a strong advocate in the governor's ofﬁce." "We have a duty to the children," said Blanco in an interview, explaining why she had kept her eye on the state's juvenile recidivism even while she was lieutenant governor. In Louisiana, the governor and the lieutenant governor are elected separately, and at the time, Blanco, a Democrat, sat underneath a Republican governor. Her power to act was thus fairly limited, but she did have access to data and expert personnel, and so she simply gathered information and waited until she could follow through. This was not a new interest. In prior years, Blanco had served in the state Legislature and had toured juvenile lockups during that time. "I remember the ﬁrst time I entered the local detention center," she says. "It felt rough to me, and I was going in there as an adult." She resolved to change that. Mark Steward, now one of Governor Blanco's key advisers on reform, sees a strong link between Blanco's interest in juvenile justice and her sense of compassion and understanding of loss. (In 1997, her youngest son, Ben, then 19, was crushed beneath a weight from an industrial crane and died instantly.) When asked about it, Blanco gets quiet for a moment. "You can lose children in a number of different ways," she says. "Some die, some are lost to the streets, and others are lost to the state's prison system. And families really suffer, no matter how their kids are lost." This summer, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation selected Louisiana as one of three states to participate in its program "Models for Change: Systems Reform in Juvenile Justice." With the grant comes more outside expertise and up to $1.5 million annually for the next ﬁve years. Steward believes that Blanco's staunch support of the issue is responsible not only for the MacArthur Foundation award but for the momentum of reform in general. "To change one of the worst juvenile systems in the nation, you have to have the leadership at the top and all the way down," he explains. Blanco, in turn, praises Steward, her advisers from the Casey Foundation, and Simon Gonsoulin, head of the Ofﬁce of Youth Development, which runs the state's juvenile system. "Right now, Louisiana has the best minds in the country working on this issue," she says. The recent history of juvenile-justice reform in Louisiana begins with the Tallulah Correctional Center for Youth, by common agreement one of the most notorious children's prisons in America. Tallulah opened in 1994, on the edge of a sleepy northeastern Louisiana delta town. Before 16-year-old Christopher Simms was sent there in the summer of 2002, neighborhood friends in New Orleans warned him: He'd be raped for sure, he was told, unless he fought his way to respect. "So I wouldn't back down," says Simms. "If you show a sign of weakness, they are going to take advantage of that. You'll be a punk." Fellow New Orleans inmates taught him other essential skills: how to blackmail ofﬁcers, have sex with young female guards, and keep a hidden stash of Camel straights in a world where half a cigarette was worth four bars of soap or four bags of potato chips. Even the guards scrapped, says Simms: "Any time a guard can come out of his uniform and ﬁght, we loved that. We respected that." Other times guards put a "hit" on a kid and paid the aggressor in cigarettes, lighters, fast food, or weed. Once, during a suspected hit, a group of kids broke Simms' upper and lower jaw. "I was lying in a big ol' puddle of blood, half of my body in blood," he recalls. "I blacked out." Tallulah was "cutthroat," concludes Simms, who was released in 2003. "That's why the kids called it Little Angola." Cecile Guin, who directs social-service research at Louisiana State University, was the ﬁrst person to study recidivism within the state's juvenile population. Because Tallulah was so violent, she says, many of its inmates left to commit worse crimes and wound up in adult prisons, like the state's infamous prison farm at Angola. While the state's ofﬁcial statistics show that 45 percent of its released juveniles are re-convicted within ﬁve years, Guin estimates that statistics for Tallulah alone would be much more grim -- more in the 90-percent range, she says. For a decade, says juvenile-justice reformer and state Senator Donald Cravins, a Democrat from the Lafayette area, "Nothing stood out clearer than the atrocities at the facility in Tallulah." Not that the state's other juvenile prisons weren't awful. Mark Soler, president of the Washington, D.C.–based Youth Law Center, recalls touring them in the late 1990s. "Conditions in Louisiana's facilities were really horrible, as bad as any I've seen in 27 years of looking at juvenile facilities," he says. "In this state," says defense attorney Tom Lorenzi, "when you get involved in a capital case, your client has almost always been through Louisiana's juvenile-prison system." Still, he can't recall one defendant helped by that system. "It made their lives living hells," he says. "They were brutalized and brutalized and brutalized." Seeing this, in case after case, motivated Lorenzi to work for juvenile-system reform as president of the board for the Juvenile Justice Project of Louisiana (JJPL). It's no coincidence, he says, that the JJPL's founders -- Shannon Wight, Gabriella Celeste, and David Utter -- all did death-penalty work before forming the group in 1997. Utter made his ﬁrst trip to Tallulah in April 1998. As a defense attorney and as a prisons litigator for the Southern Prisoners Defense Committee, he had toured bleak prisons and jails for years. But, he says, "I had never seen anything like this. It had never occurred to me that we would see young people treated this way. The most shocking thing was the black eyes, broken jaws, hands in casts, bruises, and cuts. On some trips, half of my clients would be injured." Within a few months, the JJPL ﬁled a civil-rights lawsuit on behalf of 12 youths imprisoned in Tallulah. The U.S. Department of Justice also brought suit under the Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act, making Louisiana the ﬁrst state it had sued over conditions in juvenile facilities. Around the same time, New York Times reporter Fox Butterﬁeld visited and wrote a front-page story referring to Tallulah as a place "so rife with brutality that many legal experts say it is the worst in the nation." Still, Tallulah remained open for six more years. But in June 2004, parents, former Tallulah inmates, and key legislators celebrated its last day. Reform leaders made speeches and sang hymns on a lawn across the street from the facility, which provided a backdrop of gleaming razor wire. There, the townspeople of Tallulah unveiled a model of the learning center they'd been working toward for more than a year, which they hope to build on the prison's grounds. If they succeed, it will be the ﬁrst prison in the United States replaced by a school. "It was one of the greatest moments of my life," says Cravins, the state senator. "To me, it symbolized that our state was closing an ugly chapter in its history." One morning in early June, Robin Brunker pulled on a red T-shirt bearing a logo for FFLIC (Families and Friends of Louisiana's Incarcerated Children) and joined a caravan of other red-shirted parents, grandparents, and children headed toward Louisiana's Capitol in Baton Rouge. There, they testiﬁed on behalf of a state Senate bill that they had dubbed one of two "Bring Our Children Home Acts of 2005." The proposed statutes would have closed the state's two large correctional-style facilities for juveniles and shifted their funding to community-based programs. Brunker told state senators how her 17-year-old son had lost four of his teeth after a guard at the Swanson Correctional Center for Youth in northern Louisiana shoved him into a locker room with another kid and then stood outside the door. Other FFLIC members testiﬁed about brutal rapes, attacks, and suicide attempts, all at the two big facilities, all within the previous several months. The bill failed to make it out of committee. In May, the JJPL had issued a report showing that the facilities' violence was on the rise. At Swanson, the group's monitors found that, on average, two young men per day were hurt due to self-inﬂicted injuries, ﬁghts, and assaults. As a result, some juvenile judges are reluctant to order incarceration. But often there are few alternatives. "Judges' hands are tied," says Utter. "If they have a kid who's a threat to public safety, the only place they can put him is going to hurt him more than help." Agreed, says Simon Gonsoulin. A former special-education teacher and high-school principal, Gonsoulin landed his ﬁrst job in the juvenile system courtesy of a federal settlement agreement (he oversaw the state's compliance with the education portion of that agreement). Since taking this job in early 2004, he has met with judges on a regular basis and has heard their concerns -- the same ones that Utter voices -- "constantly and continuously." Gonsoulin promises that many of these issues will be addressed in the Ofﬁce of Youth Development's ﬁve-year strategic plan, which is currently in an information-gathering stage. For most of the summer, Gonsoulin and other juvenile-system administrators have been driving around the state, asking audiences gathered in school gyms and city halls for input on that plan, which will be ﬁnalized in October. In the meantime, the department is addressing concerns one by one through its new family ombudsman, Prince Gray, who was hired in mid-June and immediately given an 800 number of his own. "We want parents and family members to know that their voices are being heard, and we want to make it easier for them to communicate with us," says Gonsoulin. So far, Gray, a former principal at schools for at-risk kids, has devoted time to every complaint lodged by family or youth. He has, for instance, investigated a few accusations about "children treated roughly" and has ironed out smaller disputes between staff and youth. FFLIC members also met with Gray about a list of speciﬁc reforms, including a less stringent visiting-day dress code that won't bar parents from seeing their children if mothers are wearing, for instance, open-toed shoes or sleeveless blouses. Gray says that he found that request and others "reasonable," and that he is currently working to change department policy. More than anything else, says Mark Steward, the success of this reform depends on well-trained personnel. He appreciates all the nice furnishings -- the carpet, the wooden furniture, the curtains, and the pillows -- that are rejuvenating the new dorms at Bridge City. But day-to-day decisions will be the real test, he says, "Because a pillow with a mean staff is going to be a weapon." This past summer, Bridge City's staff went through intensive "human-dignity training." Coaches imported from Missouri spent time at the facility, Steward says, observing staff members at work and asking key questions -- questions such as: "Why did you do that? How could you have handled it differently? Was that treating with dignity and respect or was that punitive?" The intensive work continues until one group is fully trained, because only then can the pilot program expand "group by group by group," says Steward, who learned by trial and error that retraining an entire campus at once doesn't work. Bridge City was always slotted as the ﬁrst pilot. But at ﬁrst, Gonsoulin had talked about closing the two big facilities, Swanson and the Jetson Center for Youth near Baton Rouge, which currently house about 175 kids apiece. Somehow, that plan changed. This summer, Gonsoulin announced that Swanson and Jetson would stay open but be "transformed." To advocates, that decision deﬁed the tenets of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act, ﬂew in the face of the JJPL's violence tallies, and deviated from the well-documented Missouri model, which relies upon many small-scale, regional facilities. "Big facilities are inherently dangerous and are going to lead to abuses and cannot possibly provide an appropriate atmosphere for children who are locked up," says the Youth Law Center's Mark Soler. The state plans to divide each facility into a day-treatment area and groupings of small cottages, but that won't change a big prison's essential nature, he says. "You can dress it up and put nice paint on it and make it look a little bit different," says Soler. "But a pig is a pig is a pig." State Senator Cravins says that, without a doubt, he would like to see reform move at a faster pace. But Cravins, the man who for a decade has been the chief legislative critic of Louisiana's juvenile system, confesses that he now ﬁnds himself "somewhat optimistic." That's largely because he trusts the people who head up the state's efforts. He calls Gonsoulin "a good guy" and says he has "a tremendous amount of conﬁdence in" Steward. Steward is also hopeful, although he admits that revamping the two big juvenile prisons is not ideal, especially because those facilities' histories include what he calls "decades of punitive, horrible treatment." But decisions have to be made, he says. "There's the perfect world and there's the realistic world," he explains, "and Louisiana has to ﬁgure out what it can afford, how small it can go, and how and when it will regionalize." Transitional steps -- like utilizing the facilities at hand -- are necessary when revamping a system this large. "You cannot ﬂip a switch," says Steward. "It cannot happen overnight." tap Katy Reckdahl is a news reporter for the New Orleans alternative weekly Gambit. She has been writing about Louisiana's juvenile-justice system since 2001. Articles By Katy Reckdahl RSS feed of articles by Katy Reckdahl How Times Have Changed Letting Go of Iraq Day 1,461 and Counting Student Body Right Inferior Design Their War, Too The Conservative as Liberal The Collapse Who Gives a Flying Flag? Always Political Devil in the Details Dossier: Back to School Cruel Convergence Race and Redemption Communities Helping Kids Adolescents, Maturity, And The Law Detention Redemption Reforming Juvenile Justice Voice-Over America Pop-Aganda First Do Some Harm	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2768
__label__cc	0.712258	0.287742	All Your Kazoo Questions Answered On April 4, 2019 April 3, 2019 By Sarah AngletonIn Music, Travel4 Comments On January 28, 2019 American kazoo enthusiasts celebrated the 167th anniversary of their favorite instrument on what has come to be known as National Kazoo Day. I missed it this year, because I had no idea it existed. In fact, I’d given little thought to this funny instrument that anyone who can hum can easily master. But as I recently learned on a family spring break trip, there’s more to the humble kazoo than I had ever not even bothered to imagine. I can honestly say I never imagined this. Looking to make some quirky vacation memories, my crew headed to the Kazoobie Kazoo Factory in Beaufort, South Carolina, the only producer of plastic kazoos in the United States. As you might expect, it’s not a large operation, but the little factory does produce about one million high quality (they’re even dishwasher safe!) kazoos per year. More importantly, they give tours. And they answer all your kazoo questions—Yes. All of them. It was there in the factory that I learned of African American Alabama Vest who conceived of the idea for the kazoo sometime in the 1840s and approached German-American clockmaker Thaddeus Von Clegg in Macon, Georgia to mock up a prototype. The two men then exhibited the new instrument, which they called the “Down-South Submarine,” at the 1852 Georgia State Fair. Though it wouldn’t be mass produced for another fifty years, the kazoo was born. Or so the story goes. I tend to want to believe any story in which historical figures are represented on video as brightly colored kazoos with googly eyes, but it turns out the story might not really be all that reliable. The first actual documentation of the kazoo comes from an 1883 patent issued to a W. H. Frost. Frost didn’t call his invention the “Down-South Submarine,” and it didn’t look a whole lot like the modern-day, boat-shaped kazoo found abandoned at the bottom of every kid’s toy box. Something more similar to the classic design as we know it today was patented by George D. Smith in 1902. Within a few years, several factories had gone into production. The only remaining metal kazoo factory in the US can be found in Eden, New York, which claims to be the “Kazoo Capital of the World.” If you ever spend spring break in New York (though I’m not sure why you would), you can tour The Kazoo Factory and Museum, too. I suspect you’ll have a good time. But for some great, silly family fun in Beaufort, South Carolina, I doubt you can beat Kazoobie Kazoos. Kazoo + Wazoo Horn + Bugle Bell = Wazoogle At the end of the tour, each of the guests (and there were quite a few of us) got to make his or her own kazoo. Then we tested them with a moving rendition of “Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star.” There were tears. Well, maybe not tears, but there were definitely giggles. Next, we made our way to the store to trick out our new instruments with more kazoo accessories than I can honestly say I ever dreamed of. Yes, there are kazoo accessories. There are even electric kazoos, in case your death metal band is looking for that unique buzzing tone. A few bands through the years have incorporated kazoos into their music, though the instrument hasn’t proven to have a lot of staying power on the professional music scene. It’s mostly been relegated to the bottom of the toy box. But on January 28, or thereabout, or really any day you want since the origin story is so sketchy anyway, consider digging out the kazoo you surely have lying around somewhere, and hum a little tune. It may not be fine music you produce, but it will probably make you giggle. I’m No Mozart On June 7, 2018 June 7, 2018 By Sarah AngletonIn Music, Writing9 Comments We’re in full on summer mode here. My kids have been out of school for almost two weeks and in that time we’ve gone swimming several times, spent a day at Six Flags, hosted visiting relatives, gotten too much sun, caught fireflies, climbed boulders, picnicked alongside a babbling creek, played with friends, and stayed up too late. It’s been a busy, fun couple of weeks, but it hasn’t left a lot of time for blogging. I’m going to be honest here. In between loading the cooler, packing and unpacking the car, and keeping up with the mounds of laundry produced by so much summer fun, I have given very few moments of thought to this week’s blog topic. Frankly, I haven’t come up with much because I’ve been preoccupied. And why do today what can be put off until tomorrow, right? Why yes, I did find my blog topic in a random meme on Facebook. What? I looked into it. I figure if Mozart could manage to write the overture to Don Giovanni the night before its scheduled premiere in Prague, surely I can rattle off a post at the last minute. According to somewhat well documented legend, Mozart went out for a drink the evening of October 28, 1787, where he encountered someone who reminded him that his opera collaboration with Italian poet Lorenzo da Ponte still lacked an overture. Mozart, who surely knew this already, allegedly pointed to his head and responded, “It’s all in here.” Apparently it was, because the composer returned to his boarding house where he enlisted the help of his wife to regale him with stories and keep him awake while he worked. By 7 o’clock the next morning, the copyist set to work and the evening of October 29, 1787, the orchestra sight read the overture in front of the audience. The talented musicians knocked it out of the park and the audience went wild, because Mozart. He tweaked the piece a little for later performances, but there’s no question Mozart demonstrated that procrastination and greatness can coexist. Of course I’m pretty sure this post won’t go down in history as a great example of the best that history/humor blogs have to offer. If I had allowed myself more time, I could have written something much better, more humorous, more thoughtful, or more profound. It might even be already composed more or less entirely in my head, but I’m no Mozart. And I’d rather get back to the pool. When the Band Begins to Play On April 19, 2018 April 19, 2018 By Sarah AngletonIn Education, Music14 Comments Last week, I had the opportunity to participate in a grand tradition that has thankfully faded since its heyday prior to World War I. For one day only, I conducted a school band. There are a few things you might need to know about me before you realize the absurdity of that statement. First, I haven’t played in a band, school or otherwise, for more than twenty years. Second, to the best of my recollection, I have never conducted one. Until last week. By far the coolest hats in school. photo credit: Prayitno / Thank you for (12 millions +) view Red Raider Marching Band Pulaski H.S. ~ Wisconsin via photopin (license) After World War I, the American school band movement, with roots in the mid-19th century, found its footing as a large number of military trained musicians returned to civilian life and brought with them a set of skills they could put to good use in public schools. Before that, school band was kind of an afterthought. If it existed at all, it was generally led by whatever teacher maybe had a little musical knowledge and wanted the extra cash. But with an influx of actual talent and a hefty push from the instrument manufacturing industry, 1923 saw the first Schools Band Contest of America in Chicago. Small and poorly organized at first, the contest continued to improve and grow, encouraging the spread of school band programs and spawning the mostly state level contests of today. What I thought I looked like. More than 90% of American schools now have some form of band education, and it’s a great thing that they do because students who participate in music have improved logic and reasoning skills, increased coordination, higher levels of engagement in their education, better stress management ability, greater self-confidence, and better standardized test scores on average than their nonmusical peers. I’m grateful that the schools my kiddos attend have strong band programs with talented teachers. Of course that does mean that sometimes those teachers travel with parts of the program for performances and competitions, and have to leave the rest of their students in the hands of whatever substitute teacher may have a little musical knowledge and wants the extra cash. This brings me to my conducting gig last week. I’ve been trying to do some occasional substitute teaching in our district lately, which has turned out to be a great way to get to know the teachers and administrators in the schools my kids attend. It does also occasionally stretch me a little outside of my comfort zone. Last week, two of our directors accompanied the high school band to a competition, and I stepped in to help back at home. I started my day in study hall with about twenty high schoolers that didn’t go on the trip. No problem there. I also got to enjoy listening to the rehearsal of some impressive middle schoolers who stayed on task while one of their own teacher-designated peers guest conducted. What I actually looked like. But then there was the grade school, where I found myself in charge of a class of sixth graders just getting their musical bearings. Fortunately, the lesson plan was specific and thorough. I had access to the students’ musical exercises through an app so I could have them play along. That helped smooth over my shortcomings somewhat. Then we got to an exercise that could be played as a round and the students, who had been remarkably cooperative, really wanted to do it. The app couldn’t help me with that. With trepidation, I assigned parts, counted off the time, and waved my hand in a 4/4 cross pattern like I almost knew what I was doing. I kind of even sort of gave cues when it was time for each new section to start. Then I provided them with a nice big cutoff at the end, which they played right through because they’re sixth graders and they weren’t watching me anyway. But much like my early American school band movement predecessors, I somehow muddled through. Fortunately this week, the real band directors are back. A Little Big Night Out On February 1, 2018 February 1, 2018 By Sarah AngletonIn Music8 Comments In 1529, painter Gaudenzio Ferrari produced his Madonna of the Orange Trees, which includes the oldest known depiction of a violin. One of several stringed instruments to emerge from Northern Italy in the 16th century, this violone, played by an infant at the feet of the Madonna, was the first of many to appear in Ferrari’s works. I know string players tend to start young, but this just seems ridiculous to me. By Gaudenzio Ferrari – Church of St. Cristoforo, Vercelli, Italy, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons The instrument itself was representative of a family of stringed instruments termed the viola da braccio, all similar in appearance, but available in a variety of sizes, including the viola, the violin (or the cutie little viola), and the violoncello, which according to the most strenuously evaluated internet sources literally translates as the “little big viola.” So it probably makes sense that the name of that last one would eventually be shortened to the cello. It must have been a very confused instrument. Actually, I think it still might be, because earlier this week my husband and I enjoyed a night out at the Fabulous Fox Theater here in St. Louis attending a cello concert, and I’m still kind of reeling from one of the most wonderfully confusing performances I’ve ever witnessed. The show featured 2Cellos, a pair of young classically trained cellists who have decided it might be fun to be rock stars instead of always just being the soft spoken nerdy guys that play in the symphony. Stjepan Hauser and Luka Sulic met as teenagers while training at a master class in Croatia. Both are phenomenal musicians with all kinds of impressive credits to their names, and at one time could have been considered rival musicians. But then they made a YouTube video together in which they played a cello arrangement of Michael Jackson’s “Smooth Criminal” and the world went crazy for it. It was amazing. And fascinating. Also maybe a little bit confusing. The plural of cello can also be celli, but I think we can all agree that “2Celli” would be a stupid name. photo credit: misterlevel IMG_0928 via photopin (license) Of course you might know more about these things than I do, but as a person who is not a classically (or otherwise) trained cellist, I had no idea the instrument could be so versatile. The concert began with a series of really beautiful arrangements of movie scores followed by the polite applause one might expect from a well mannered classical concert-going crowd out for a fine evening in a fancy venue. Then it shifted directions and became instead a rowdy rock n roll show featuring songs originally performed (but not as well) by the likes of ACDC. This part of the show saw one of the musicians sliding on his back across the stage while he riffed ON HIS CELLO! I think I even saw a pair of panties fly toward the stage. It was surreal, but also incredibly impressive. Actually I’m finding it hard to figure out just the right words to describe it. In a way it might make sense to say that the concert was both little and big. So maybe those silly Italians knew what they were doing after all. If you’re not familiar with 2Cellos, it’s worth checking them out on YouTube. Just be warned, you may need to set aside some time because it’s hard to stop. Here’s a good one to get you started: A Bazillion Years Old Without a Single Tattoo On September 28, 2017 September 28, 2017 By Sarah AngletonIn Music18 Comments I haven’t been trying to notice, because I realize it probably says something unflattering about me that I do, but it seems to me like there are suddenly a lot of old people with tattoos. I’m not against tattoos or anything. I don’t have any, nor do I have a desire to get one, but if you are a fan and have one or two or ten of your own, I promise I’m not judging you. It’s just that it’s recently occurred to me that quite a few people who are old enough to be my grandmother now have them. And it strikes me as odd because that used to be a pretty rare thing. Of course, the people I’m referring to are not, in fact, old enough to be my grandmother. They are the age my grandmother was when I remember her most vividly, back when most of these tattooed folks were probably under forty. Again, not judging, just observing a noticeable shift. This person looks nothing like my grandmother. photo credit: Neil. Moralee If you value your life; don’t touch the bike! via photopin (license) But time moves on, doesn’t it? A few weeks ago, my husband and I got an opportunity to attend Pointfest, a concert festival put on by a local “alternative” radio station (105.7 the Point). The festival has been a staple in St. Louis since 1993 (when fewer old people had tattoos). This was a special event for several reasons. First, even though our nephew had tickets for us, we weren’t sure we were going to get to go because we couldn’t find childcare (ouch) and because the show was on a school/work night (double ouch). Second, this wasn’t even really Pointfest. The radio station had dubbed this event Way Back Pointfest. Fortunately, I have an awesome sister-in-law who stepped up at the last minute so we could display poor judgment and stay out late on a school night. The lineup looked pretty much like it did when I was in college, with bands from the way back that were alternative then (meaning I was pretty sure that the fact I listened to them meant I was just a little bit cooler than you), and have now become the older alternative to the alternative. And because I still listen to them, that means I’m probably older than you. I’m young enough to take most of my pictures with my smart phone, but old enough that I do it poorly. Given that the world wide average life expectancy is around 71 years (for women, sorry fellas, yours is a couple years shorter), there’s a decent chance that I am. Because this week I will turn 40. In some ways this isn’t a big deal. It’s not like I’m going to wake up on the 40th anniversary of my birth and suddenly find that my hair has gone gray, my back hurts, and I have to hold books at arm’s length to be able to make out all those tiny letters. To some extent, all of that has already happened. Or at least it’s been happening, little by little. I don’t mind so much. I know a few more gray hairs make me look wiser than I probably am. Strong backs and sharp eyes grow weaker over time, but I feel like I’ve made good use of my strength and I will continue to do so as long as I’m able. Barring the unexpected, that’s still quite a while yet. But there are little parts of turning 40 that do kind of bug me, like when the average age of tattoo-bearing people increases noticeably, or my favorite bands are relegated to the way back, or I make a reference to something that happened twenty years ago and my college freshmen students look at me like I’ve just made a reference to an event that happed a bazillion years ago as if it happened yesterday. Of course I get it. Even though it feels like yesterday to me, for them it happened when they were babes, if they were even born at all. To them (though they probably wouldn’t say it to my face because they’re nice people) their teacher might as well be a bazillion years old, too. And they’re not really wrong. The number 40 has all kinds of symbolic meaning across cultures and through several major world religions, the most common one being simply figurative. Forty is often used to represent a vaguely large number. Like a bazillion. But once you get to bazillion, you can stop counting, right? So, you might soon notice a slight change on this blog. For five and a half years, my Gravatar bio has identified me as a “thirty-something wife, mother, and writer…” Since my husband tells me there’s no such number as thirty-ten, I suppose I will have to change it. But not for a few more days. By the time I return to this space next Thursday to write about a topic that feels a little less personally insulting, I may have a few more gray hairs and my back will probably hurt and I might even be sitting a little farther from the computer screen so I can see all those tiny letters. I will be a bazillion-year-old wife, mother, and writer. But I still won’t have a tattoo. To help me celebrate this momentous occasion, please enjoy this way, way back song from a ridiculously famous singer I’d never heard of because that was a bazillion years ago: A Highfalutin Riot: Fighting for the Right to Party at the Ballet On March 30, 2017 March 30, 2017 By Sarah AngletonIn History, Music9 Comments On the evening of May 29, 1913, many upstanding ladies and gentlemen of Paris, those with an appreciation for high culture and fine art, headed to the recently opened Théatre des Champs-Elysées for a night on the town. What they’d come to witness was Rite of Spring, a highly anticipated performance by Les Ballet Russes, choreographed by the often controversial Vaslav Nijinsky with music composed by the unconventional Igor Stravinsky. It’s unlikely any of those in attendance could have anticipated engaging in a shouting match with fellow ballet goers, being beaten with their neighbors’ canes, or having the peculiar rhythm of the music tapped out on top of their heads by the normally well mannered folks sitting behind them. But those are just the types of things that happened during what became perhaps the most notorious performance in ballet history. Riot-worthy ballet costumes. I guess. Rite of Spring Dancers. See page for author [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons From almost the moment the first note sounded, the audience appeared uncomfortable and soon discussions broke out about the discordant music and the aggressive movements of the dancers in wild costumes, portraying disturbing pagan scenes. It seems some in the audience appreciated such a fresh performance while others found it to be an assault on the tasteful traditions of ballet and music composition. Soon the disagreements turned to shouting and cane whacking, allegedly requiring police interference by Intermission and settling into a full on riot before the end of the performance. At a ballet. As I’m sure you know if you’ve visited this blog before, I’m super kind of occasionally thorough in my research, so I did listen to Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring as I composed this post, and I have to say, I’m not sure I really get it. Bear with me here, because I am not qualified at all to be a music critic, but I do know what I like and don’t like. The Rite of Spring, while discordant and strange in places, strikes me as really beautiful at other times. And probably not riot-worthy. But much more qualified music critics, some of whom consider this Stravinsky’s greatest work as well as one of the most influential compositions of the 20th century, often point out that it was a huge departure from the musical expectations of its time. Does this look like a man who would inadvertently cause a riot? Igor Stravinsky. Photographer: Robert Regassi. Publisher: J. & W. Chester, publisher, no author listed (Miniature essays: Igor Stravinsky) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons So maybe I do get it, at least a little bit. Music does after all have the potential to elicit strong emotional response. That’s the reason I tend to skip around on my iPod a lot looking for the song I’m in the right mood for, even if I don’t know what that is until I hear it. And it’s also the reason that in the family iTunes account, we have set up a bunch of different lists for cleaning, family dance-offs (not an infrequent occurrence at our house), and settling down before bed. Each of us has our own individual list, too, and sometimes we do get into arguments about which one we should listen to while prepping dinner. There’s a lot of overlap in our musical tastes, so it isn’t always a big problem, but each of us (except for me, obviously) has our little quirks. My oldest son favors classical movie scores and great guitar riffs (tolerable), but also has an unfortunate taste for electronica. My youngest is often happy with Metallica, but still enjoys a “good” bagpipe tune. And my husband, a man I admire for so many reasons, has a regrettable and inexcusable love for the Beastie Boys. But despite any disagreements, we still turn on the tunes. And I imagine the highfalutin folks at that first performance of Rite of Spring eventually returned for more of the ballet. And actually, there’s a little mystery surrounding this high society riot anyway. For such an unusual event, there’re not a lot of good reliable details. What we do know rests on the eyewitness accounts of some of the performers and a few of those in attendance; and given that eyewitnesses are generally not all that reliable, it’s possible that some exaggeration may have occurred over the years. This man, however, might tempt me to embrace my crazy. Beastie Boys’ Adam Horovitz By bakameh (Flickr) [CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)%5D, via Wikimedia Commons And while both Stravinsky and Nijinsky were upset by the event, Sergei Diaghilev, wealthy entrepreneur and founder of Les Ballet Russes, reportedly said of the scandal that it was “just what [he] wanted.” Because controversy sells, and a ballet rumored to have started a riot, will likely sell out. There were no reports of further violence erupting at any of the remaining performances. So it’s possible Rite of Spring didn’t really make people embrace their crazy as much as we’ve been led to believe. Still, I gotta say, when my husband occasionally decides to fight for his right to party and cranks up the Beasties, I think I could probably find myself willing to whack someone over the head with a cane. And speaking of things totally worth getting overly worked up about, tomorrow I will be sharing some exciting news with the folks who are signed up on my e-mail list. If that isn’t you, and you’d like it to be, you can sign up here: http://eepurl.com/b3olY1 The Rich Bird-Like Timbre of the Fourth Grade On January 26, 2017 January 26, 2017 By Sarah AngletonIn History, Music10 Comments This has been a big week in the life of my fourth grade son. Something he’s been looking forward to for a long time finally happened. Because in our school district, about half way through the school year, our fourth graders embark on a brand new adventure in musical education. They receive recorders. This man could have rocked Harry Champion’s “I’m Henery the Eight, I am” on the recorder. Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/1498–1543) [Public domain or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons I’ve been blessed with children who love music. My oldest began piano lessons in Kindergarten and the last few years has shifted to playing the guitar in hopes of one day becoming his own one-man band. Meanwhile my youngest has a brilliant sense of pitch and rhythm, and when he’s in the mood, the voice of an angel. But a little more on the shy side than his brother, Son #2 hasn’t really taken a shine to musical performance. Other than a few months of piano lessons and a blessedly short-lived obsession with the bagpipe, he has more or less avoided playing an instrument. So I was a little surprised he was super excited to receive his recorder. And even more surprised (and admittedly a little less delighted) that he was also super excited to practice playing it. In the living room. Pretty much all the time. Still the most unpleasant instrument in the world. photo credit: PeterThoeny Care for a scotch whiskey? via photopin (license) I suppose it’s not the most unpleasant instrument in the world. It does have a long and glorious history, dating to at least as early as fourteenth century. Characterized as a flute with a whistle mouthpiece and seven holes in the front with one thumb hole in the back, the recorder emerged as a major musical force throughout the Renaissance. Valued for its narrow range and rich, bird-like timbre, it made an ideal instrument for ensembles, according to a lot of Renaissance composers who have never been in my living room when Son #1 decides to relive the glories of his fourth grade year and join in. Even England’s King Henry VIII was a big fan, having in his possession at the time of his death a total of 78 recorders. Many of these were likely played by rotating musicians charged with providing a soundtrack for the monarch as he Supremely Headed the Church of England, warred with France, and divorced or beheaded his various wives. Rumor has it, Henry played a mean recorder, too, and just as Handel, Vivaldi, Bach, and others would later do, the king also composed for the funny little instrument. I think my biggest fear is that this new obsession with the recorder may rekindle his interest in the bagpipe. Of course I have to assume that being so constantly surrounded by a chorus of recorders may have (along with the constant aches and pains of a long series of accidents and illnesses) contributed to Henry’s famous crankiness. I know I haven’t particularly enjoyed the soundtrack at my house this past week. But at least on Saturday, when we had an almost 70 degree spring-like day (today it’s snowing, because it’s the Midwestern US), my brilliant husband suggested that my son take his practicing outside. I’m sure my neighbors enjoyed the rich, bird-like timbre.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2769
__label__cc	0.701898	0.298102	Kady Lyons Thanks to the movie and music industry, California has acquired a reputation as the land of endless summer. I grew up in one of the many cities in the county of Los Angeles and have lived in California for most of my life. I mention this fact because it has been integral in shaping who I am today and is perhaps why most of my research is based in California. When I was a child, my love for the ocean was fostered by my parents. One of my fondest memories is of my dad taking my sister and me to the beach every Monday night after he got home from work. Throughout my life, my parents have been supportive of my budding (and now realised) marine biologist endeavours. Whether it was after-school classes at local aquariums, day camps or taking me to visit colleges around the state that offered degrees in marine biology, my parents have been there every step of the way. During my childhood, I became interested in shark research after reading the work of Dr Eugenie Clark. I was fascinated not only by her research on shark behaviour, but also because she was a woman in science who showed that shark research wasn’t just for men. While working on my Master’s at Cal State Long Beach, I forged my own path as a shark biologist. At college I became interested in environmental contaminants and since then I have been investigating patterns of accumulation and the implications they have for an animal’s fitness. Elasmobranchs (sharks, skates and rays) represent a unique model system in contaminant research and are also understudied in this area compared to birds, reptiles or mammals. Up and down the coast of California, the Pacific Ocean is more than just a body of water; it’s a way of life. What most people don’t realise is the impact that humans have on the adjacent marine areas. Think about it. More than 22 million people live in southern California alone, which is a larger population and higher density of humans than in many countries around the world. Of course, many people are aware of the human impacts that they can see, such as litter or oil spills. However, the pollution that people can’t see lasts just as long – if not longer. I am interested in studying this unseen and often forgotten pollution. Many tons of organic contaminants were released into the southern California marine environment before they were banned in the 1970s. In particular, DDT, the contaminant responsible for the thinning of bird eggshells made famous by Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, was released in high proportions there. Because of this, animals from southern California have a unique ‘DDT signature’. While remediation efforts are ongoing, the high persistence of these contaminants in the environment is a concern. Since elasmobranchs are at the top of many food chains, they have a tendency to accumulate high levels of contaminants, which is where my interest in this field came into being. The short version of my research is that I study legacy contaminant concentrations in elasmobranchs. However, that is not enough to describe all the interesting questions that come with the territory. Legacy contaminants are contaminants whose production ceased decades ago, but they still remain in the environment because they do not degrade easily. Therefore, even though they are no longer being produced, they are still problematic because they persist in the environment. Contaminant research is a very exciting area and with respect to elasmobranchs is a relatively young field, so there is much work to be done and a lot of questions to be answered. One of these questions relates to patterns of accumulation among species of open-water sharks in southern California. So far, our research indicates that newborn sharks begin life with a ‘starting amount’ of legacy contaminants that is passed on to them by their mothers during gestation in a process called maternal offloading. We have also documented that as these young sharks grow, the concentrations of their starting amount of contaminants become diluted. We hypothesise that this is due to the sharks’ inability to acquire the same amounts of these contaminants from their food at this point in their life. However, we have also demonstrated that much older, adult sharks have high levels of contaminants, such that the concentration curve of an animal over body size is predicted to look U-shaped. I am interested in examining the inflection point of this ‘U’ and investigating the factors that influence when there is a switch from contaminants being diluted to being accumulated. To do this, I will be examining contaminant concentrations for three species of shark: shortfin mako Isurus oxyrinchus, common thresher Alopias vulpinus and blue Prionace glauca. With the funds provided by SOSF, I hope to offer more insights into the biology of these animals by approaching it from a contaminant point of view. I would be lying to you if I said that legacy organic contaminants that were released decades ago were the only harmful compounds that the marine environment has to deal with. The reality is that everything that gets flushed down toilets and sinks or goes down storm drains has the potential to reach the ocean. However, there are many great researchers investigating these issues and I am grateful that my study has a place among theirs. Some pessimists might say, ‘Well, the damage has been done already.’ I would respond that researching these legacy contaminants has several roles. Firstly, the signatures animals pick up when they utilise different areas with unique contaminant proportions offer another option in the scientists’ toolbox to study the ecology of animals. Secondly, there is a need to study the potential physiological impacts of these contaminants because they are still in the environment. Thirdly, and perhaps most importantly, discussing legacy contaminants raises awareness about the impacts humans have on their environment. By starting the contaminant conversation, we can educate people about the influence that humans have had on the local marine environment and encourage them to think about how they want to leave the ocean and its inhabitants for future generations. Pollutants in pelagic predators The waters off southern California used to be a dumping ground for DDT, a pesticide responsible for decimating the area’s birds in the late ’50s. Katherine aims to understand the long-term effects of legacy chemicals like this as they move up the marine food web towards sharks.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2771
__label__wiki	0.59368	0.59368	3/4 oz 2016 Canadian Howling Wolves Silver Coin The second 3/4 oz Royal Canadian Mint bullion coin featuring the Grey Wolf! The 3/4 oz 2016 Canadian Grey Wolf Silver Coin by the Royal Canadian Mint celebrates the tenacity and amazing comeback of this signature predator of the North. Despite having been on the verge of extinction in recent years, the grey wolf (canis lupus lupus) is once again visible in much of it's original habitat and has been classified as "LC" or "Least Concern" by the IUCN. The Grey Wolf is the largest extant member of it's family, averaging 43 - 45 kg in males and 36 - 38.5 kg in females. It has less pointed features than other wolves and is one of the world's best researched and well known animals. At 3/4 of an ounce, this uncommonly sized coin pays to tribute to one of natures most unique, social hunters. The obverse features the Susanna Blunt effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the words "Elizabeth II 2 Dollars 2016", the artist's initials and the new radial lines design also used in silver maple leaf coins by the Royal Canadian Mint. The reverse by Canadian artist Maurade Baynton features two grey wolves howling at the full moon. The wolves thick winter fur is fully visible as is the snowy landscape they inhabit. They are surrounded by the words "Canada 2016 Fine Silver 3/4 oz 9999 Argent Pur" and the outer edge also features the radial lines used in silver maple leaf coins. The edge is reeded and the coin is made from the signature 9999 pure silver that people have come to expect from such a prestigious mint. This beautiful coin stands alone in a class by itself and is sure to be a favourite with collectors of wildlife, wolf and beautiful silver coins. In multiples of 30 these coins will be shipped in a plastic tube. In multiples of 600 these coins will be shipped in a monster box. Condition Brilliant uncirculated Purity 9999 Obverse Susanna Blunt effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the words "Elizabeth II 2 Dollars" and the artist's initials Reverse Two Grey Wolves howling at the moon and the words "Canada 2016 Fine Silver 3/4 oz 9999 Argent Pur" and the artist's initials Average Thickness (mm) 2.45 Designer Maurade Baynton (reverse) Brilliant uncirculated Susanna Blunt effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the words "Elizabeth II 2 Dollars" and the artist's initials Two Grey Wolves howling at the moon and the words "Canada 2016 Fine Silver 3/4 oz 9999 Argent Pur" and the artist's initials Average Thickness (mm) Maurade Baynton (reverse) 3/4 oz 2016 Canadian Howling Wolves Silver Coin The second 3/4 oz Royal Canadian Mint bullion coin featuring the Grey Wolf! The 3/4 oz 2016 Canadian Grey Wolf Silver Coin by the Royal Canadian Mint celebrates the tenacity and amazing comeback of this signature predator of the North. Despite having been on the verge of extinction in recent years, the grey wolf (canis lupus lupus) is once again visible in much of it's original habitat and has been classified as "LC" or "Least Concern" by the IUCN. The Grey Wolf is the largest extant member of it's family, averaging 43 - 45 kg in males and 36 - 38.5 kg in females. It has less pointed features than other wolves and is one of the world's best researched and well known animals. At 3/4 of an ounce, this uncommonly sized coin pays to tribute to one of natures most unique, social hunters. The obverse features the Susanna Blunt effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the words "Elizabeth II 2 Dollars 2016", the artist's initials and the new radial lines design also used in silver maple leaf coins by the Royal Canadian Mint. The reverse by Canadian artist Maurade Baynton features two grey wolves howling at the full moon. The wolves thick winter fur is fully visible as is the snowy landscape they inhabit. They are surrounded by the words "Canada 2016 Fine Silver 3/4 oz 9999 Argent Pur" and the outer edge also features the radial lines used in silver maple leaf coins. The edge is reeded and the coin is made from the signature 9999 pure silver that people have come to expect from such a prestigious mint. This beautiful coin stands alone in a class by itself and is sure to be a favourite with collectors of wildlife, wolf and beautiful silver coins. 150313 623932072404	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2773
__label__wiki	0.689152	0.689152	Simanaitis Says On cars, old, new and future; science & technology; vintage airplanes, computer flight simulation of them; Sherlockiana; our English language; travel; and other stuff MEASLES REDUX—AN IGNORANCE OF SCIENCE ON SEPTEMBER 27, 2016, the Pan American Health Organization declared that “The Region of the Americas is the first in the world to have eliminated measles, a viral disease that can cause severe health problems, including pneumonia, brain swelling and even death. This achievement culminates a 22-year effort involving mass vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella throughout the Americas.” Image from Autism Speaks. Would that this two-decade effort continued. However, a resurgence of measles appears to be occurring as a byproduct of populist ignorance of science. This ignorance traces, ironically and tragically enough, from a 1998 paper published in Britain’s The Lancet medical journal, “Ileal-lymphoid-nodular Hyperplasia, Non-specific Colitis, and Pervasive Development Disorder in Children,” by A.J. Wakefield et al. Its controversial theme proposed a direct link between autism and the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine. Initially, a scientific red flag was raised when other researchers were unable to replicate the results (a key element of legitimate science). Another popped up when financial conflicts were disclosed on the part of the paper’s principal author. The paper was fully retracted by The Lancet in 2010, its editor-in-chief describing it as “utterly false.” The BMJ, originally the British Medical Journal, described the paper as an “elaborate fraud.” Autism Speaks is a U.S. autism advocacy organization founded in 2005. It has since merged with the National Alliance for Autism Research (in 2006) and Cure Autism Now (in 2007). Autism Speaks also works with the Autism Coalition for Research and Education. The organization is not without controversy. Its belief that autism is a disease, with potentially a cure, rankles some associated with the autistic. For a time, Autism Speaks also supported the purported link between MMR immunization and autism. However, in April 20, 2015, Autism Speaks cited research involving more than 95,000 children. Of those studied, 15,000 were unvaccinated two- to five-year-olds and nearly 2000 were already considered at high risk for autism. The paper, appearing in the Journal of the American Medical Association, concluded, “In this large sample of privately insured children with older siblings, receipt of the MMR vaccine was not associated with increased risk of ASD [autism spectrum disorders], regardless of whether older siblings had ASD. These findings indicate no harmful association between MMR vaccine receipt and ASD even among children already at higher risk for ASD.” However, alas, sometimes it’s difficult to keep an alternative fact down. There are more than a few websites, Age of Autism is one, claiming the link exists. And, apparently, there are people who believe them despite the scientific evidence suggesting otherwise; science, by the way, that continues. If these were merely Flat-Earthers, I’d say it’s all in good fun. However, these people are putting the rest of society at risk. Image from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Despite widespread, and generally successful, efforts at MMR vaccination, measles remains the leading cause of vaccine-preventable deaths in the world. Yet, even in developed countries, immunization controversies persist. For example, in December 2014 a measles outbreak, traced to Disneyland in Orange County, California, spread through a half-dozen U.S. states, Canada and Mexico. There were 147 infected people, many of whom were not vaccinated. The initial carrier was never identified. No deaths were reported, though its reach was far-ranging: According to NBC News on April 15, 2016, “… it is still active in the Canadian province of Quebec, where 159 people were sickened. Most belong to a tight-knit religious community with a low vaccination rate.” Source: VAXMaineKids.com. On April 7, 2017, NPR reported “As Measles Surge in Europe, Officials Brace for a Rough Year.” The March 31, 2017, issue of Science, published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, corroborates this: “Inadequate vaccination of children and young adults is fueling an outbreak of measles in Italy, say experts at the Italian ministry of health and the country’s disease control agency.” Reported in the first quarter of 2017 were 1010 cases of measles, compared with 866 cases in all of 2016. Science cites an interesting fact from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control: To maintain what’s termed “herd immunity,” the vaccination rate should be at least 95 percent. In Italy, the rate was 90.3 percent for two-year-olds in 2013. It dropped to 85.3 percent in 2015. Here in California, all kids enrolled in public or private daycare, preschool, elementary, junior or high school must have doses of ten vaccines, including MMR. In its original 2014 form, exemptions were permitted based on religious or personal beliefs. Phased in during 2016, and not without controversy, an exemption is now granted only through a doctor’s statement on medical grounds. The matter is far from over. On January 21, 2017, the Los Angeles Times reported that a “Measles Outbreak Grows in L.A.’s Orthodox Jewish Community Despite California’s Strict New Vaccination Law.” The science continues. And so do other aspects of this. ds © Dennis Simanaitis, SimanaitisSays.com, 2017 One comment on “MEASLES REDUX—AN IGNORANCE OF SCIENCE” jlalbrecht64 So sad to see this happening in our once great country. The spirit of anti-intellectualism and anti-science is depressing. Leave a Reply to jlalbrecht64 Cancel reply This entry was posted on April 9, 2017 by simanaitissays in Sci-Tech and tagged Autism Speaks, Journal of the American Medical Association, measles resurge, MMR measles mumps rubella, no link between MMR and autism, The Lancet journal. https://wp.me/p2ETap-5Mt Classic Bits Computer Flight Sim Driving it Today Driving it Tomorrow I Usta be an Editor Y'Know Just Trippin' The Game is Afoot Vintage Aero ON-LOAN WORDS IN JAPANESE ETYMOLOGY: CAITIFF, VARLET PART 2 NOSTALGIA? NOT! ON MANUAL DEXTERITY Simanaitis Tweets Are you visiting the haro-wa-ku? Looking for arubaito? Or just niito? Maki would know. wp.me/p2ETap-8AF 5 hours ago The current White House is a comedy of errors, so why not use Shakespearean terms to describe it? wp.me/p2ETap-8At 1 day ago My series of Etymology for Our Times expands; this time, with a pair of switcheroos. wp.me/p2ETap-8Aj 2 days ago Is a "party line" having group fun with your smart phones? Think again.... wp.me/p2ETap-8A9 3 days ago The most capable of today's robots cannot accomplish a simple task each of us does every day. AAAS Science reports. wp.me/p2ETap-8A1 4 days ago Follow @simanaitis	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2774
__label__wiki	0.91498	0.91498	From Kabbalah to Class Struggle: Expressionism, Marxism, and Yiddish Literature in the Life and Work of Meir Wiener Mikhail Krutikov This book is an intellectual biography of Meir Wiener (1893–1941), an Austrian-Jewish intellectual and a student of Jewish mysticism who emigrated to the Soviet Union in 1926 and reinvented himself as a Marxist scholar and Yiddish writer. Wiener's life story offers a glimpse into the complexities and controversies of Jewish intellectual and cultural history of pre-war Europe. Wiener made a remarkable career as a Yiddish scholar and writer in the Stalinist Soviet Union, and left an unfinished novel about Jewish intellectual bohemia of Weimar Berlin. He was a brilliant intellectual, a controvers ... More This book is an intellectual biography of Meir Wiener (1893–1941), an Austrian-Jewish intellectual and a student of Jewish mysticism who emigrated to the Soviet Union in 1926 and reinvented himself as a Marxist scholar and Yiddish writer. Wiener's life story offers a glimpse into the complexities and controversies of Jewish intellectual and cultural history of pre-war Europe. Wiener made a remarkable career as a Yiddish scholar and writer in the Stalinist Soviet Union, and left an unfinished novel about Jewish intellectual bohemia of Weimar Berlin. He was a brilliant intellectual, a controversial thinker, a committed communist, and a great Yiddish scholar—who personally knew Lenin and Rabbi Kook, corresponded with Martin Buber and Hugo von Hofmannsthal, and argued with Gershom Scholem and Georg Lukács. Wiener's intellectual biography brings Yiddish to the forefront of the intellectual discourse of interwar Europe. Keywords: Meir Wiener, Austrian-Jewish intellectual, Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah, Soviet Union, Yiddish, Jewish intellectual, interwar Europe, expressionism, Marxism Published to Stanford Scholarship Online: June 2013 DOI:10.11126/stanford/9780804770071.001.0001 Mikhail Krutikov, author A Note on Transliteration Introduction: Why Meir Wiener? One Failed Messiahs Two Politics and Scholarship in Post-War Vienna Three On the Way to Yiddish and Emigration Four Soviet Beginnings Five Folklore, Language, and the Haskalah Six Realism and the Yiddish Literary Canon Seven Soviet Literature and Theory Eight History and Fiction Nine Life Writing Bibliography of Meir Wiener's Works in Chronological Order	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2776
__label__cc	0.527335	0.472665	The GDPR and the Fall of Biometrics In a world where smart technology has become the norm, where people access their phones and TVs with fingerprints and voice commands, the use of biometrics has entered our lives and has become an intrinsic part of our daily routines. With the implementation of the GDPR, however, the use and rise of biometric systems have been leashed. In the GDPR, biometric data is being treated as part of a special category of personal data, which deserves a higher level of protection, whereby biometric data is defined as "personal data resulting from specific technical processing relating to the physical, physiological or behavioural characteristics of a natural person, which allow or confirm the unique identification of that natural person, such as facial images or dactyloscopic data" (Article 4). In Cyprus, the Processing of Personal Data (Protection of Individuals) Law (Law 138 (I) 2001) (henceforth "the Law") has been enacted in year 2001 and is soon to be replaced by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and new legislation acts to come into force shortly. Article 18 provides for the appointment of the Commissioner of Personal Data Protection entrusted with the power and duty to safeguard the implementation of the Law. The Commissioner has dealt with matters regarding biometrics and more specifically fingerprinting. The fall of biometrics in the face of the pending GDPR implementation has become all the more evident. By its decision dated 19/05/2017 the Administrative Court of Cyprus upheld a prior decision made by the Commissioner, dated 02/10/2012, regarding the use of fingerprints in a Private Hospital in order for the employees to clock in at work The legal basis of the contested Commissioner's Decision was that the fingerprinting system set up by the applicants for the purposes of checking the time of arrival and departure of their employees from their workplace, was collecting and processing their fingerprints (biometric data) in excess of the authority of proportionality, which is a fundamental principle of lawful data processing (Article 4(1)(c) of the Law). Based on a multitude of documents from European Authorities and Organizations and based on previous Decisions of all past Commissioners, it has been repeatedly held that the collection and processing of fingerprints, which are unique characteristics of the human body, poses an interference with the physical integrity and human dignity of the individual resulting in interference with his private life. The use of fingerprinting systems was therefore considered excessive in relation to the specific objective pursued, the control of staff working hours, particularly taking into account that such systems are used in facilities of the highest safety and for policing purposes. The main reason for the applicants' contesting of the Commissioner's Decision was the Commissioner's alleged failure to carry out an appropriate search for the technical specifications or the operation of the system, and that the contested decision was taken as a result of a real error, since the system, as they alleged, did not collect or process fingerprints. The Commissioner's defence claimed that it is an undeniable fact that the system in question collects and processes biometric data (fingerprints) which can recognise and identify an individual in their presence. The Commissioner also pointed out that the system is disproportional, contradictory to the principle of proportionality, in relation to the specific purpose used which was the control of staff working hours, given that there are many other measures less intrusive to human dignity which may be used instead. The Court decided to dismiss the applicants' recourse after having held that they did not raise any allegations that cast doubt on the correctness and reasonableness of the Commissioner's judgment, as their main argument was the lack of information on the standards and the way in which the system operates. The Court held that the operation of the system itself violates the principle of proportionality in relation to the specific purpose, the control of staff working hours and constitutes a disproportionate interference with the privacy of the individual. The Court upheld the Commissioner's decision to impose on the Private Hospital the administrative penalty of the interruption of the processing and destruction of the relevant data (Article 25 (1)(e) of the Law) by interrupting the fingerprinting system and the destruction of data on fingerprints of employees. It is worth mentioning that in a different case, the Commissioner published an opinion on 12/10/2016 on the use of a biometric system (fingerprinting) for access purposes in a gym. The noticeable difference with the previous case is that this case does not concern an employer-employee relationship which is a relationship of dependence and power, but a contractual relationship between a client and a gym owner, that is the product of free will and part of the guaranteed constitutional freedom to contract. The Commissioner further expressed the necessity of consent and the right to withdraw that consent at any time, as well as the existence of an alternative system for customers that don't wish to use the biometrics system. The Administrative Court decision reflects the changing waves coming forth from the pending implementation of the GDPR. Biometrics even though a great comfort in our everyday technology-heavy lives, form after all one of the greatest means in which personal data may be potentially violated. Article provided by: Alexia Kountouri and Constantinos Andronicou, Partners of EuroCloud CPC Network in Cyprus.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2777
__label__wiki	0.990019	0.990019	Davido’s “Fall” Reportedly Taking Over Radio Stations In The US Nigerian pop star Davido’s song “Fall” is reportedly taking over radio stations in the United States of America and the song is described as one of the biggest to ever come out of Africa. This is according to a report by Rolling Stone. Davido’s song “Fall” even ought to have reached greater heights in the country, according to the report. Read Full Report Below: The Nigerian style of music known as Afrobeats has quietly entranced a large swathe of the world’s population. “Pretty much every song on pop radio [in the U.K. now] is sort of a Mr. Eazi-style, chill, afrobeats [track],” the producer Riton told Rolling Stone last year. But Nigerian singers have not yet established a foothold Stateside, despite well-received, afrobeats-dusted singles from established stars like Drake and Janet Jackson. So it’s unusual that “Fall,” a springy, 19-month-old track from the Nigerian singer DaVido, is currently gaining traction on the airwaves. The growth has been gradual: 482 plays to date, spread across 36 stations, according to Nielsen BDS, which tracks radio activity. BDS reports that four new stations added “Fall” into rotation last week. Those are admittedly not huge numbers — for comparison’s sake, Post Malone’s new single “Wow” grew by 1,700 plays last week alone. But listeners who hear “Fall” are scrambling to find their phones: It was one of the Top 100 most Shazam’d singles in America this week. In New York City, “Fall” was a Top 10 record on Shazam. And in Atlanta, another crucial market, only two tracks were getting more Shazam activity than DaVido’s. Eliciting that level of interest in America is no small feat for an African singer. Columbia signed “Pana,” a 2016 single from Tekno, but wasn’t able to transform it into a U.S. hit. RCA signed Wizkid, the guest on Drake’s “One Dance,” but hasn’t been able to get a hit either. (RCA is also working with DaVido now.) Burna Boy, another Nigerian singer with impressive talent, is now affiliated with Atlantic, but his “Rock Your Body” didn’t reach a wide audience in America. That has nothing to do with the music — “Pana” and “Rock Your Body” are both indelible polyrhythmic pop songs, wonderfully weightless next to the lead-footed trap that currently dominates both rap and pop radio in America. But the machinery that creates hits in the U.S. remains conservative, even in the supposedly “new” era brought on by streaming. Nowhere is this more true than at radio, which throws its still-considerable weight behind only a tiny number of tracks — “A Top 40 radio station is playing five songs 120 times a week every week,” according to one radio insider — and rarely takes risks on music that doesn’t align with seemingly-ancient-if-not-totally-incomprehensible norms. Mainstream “urban” radio usually won’t play Latin trap next to American trap, even if the same producers worked on both tracks, or pivot from hard hip-hop into soft R&B. Meanwhile, pop radio tries hard to ignore viral rap records, which programmers characterize as “pretty extreme,” in favor of bizarre but ostensibly more palatable concoctions by Panic! at the Disco or Marshmello. Even some Top 40 programmers are confused by this tendency: “I don’t know when everybody’s gonna get it through their heads that we can’t just keep forcing these pop songs that nobody likes down everybody’s throat,” Nathan Graham told Rolling Stone last year. Radio also depends on a favor system of sorts: Artists play station concerts, stop by for interviews and record drops to help get their music onto the air. This is costly for artists without American passports. “To work the U.S. is big money — even getting music onto radio in New York alone might cost you upwards of $100 or $200 grand,” the Nigerian star Mr. Eazi explained to Rolling Stone last year. That’s another reason why, “at the end of the day, nobody has properly broken an African act in the U.S.” It’s too early to tell if DaVido can establish a new path from Nigeria to the American airwaves — his team only recently started “attacking US radio properly,” according to an email from the singer’s manager, Asa Asika. But there’s no denying that when listeners hear DaVido’s music, they are immediately compelled to figure out who sings it. And that’s not just the case with “Fall.” This week New Yorkers were also trying to determine who steals the show on local rapper Casanova’s new single “2am” (Shazaming Top 25). Surprise — it’s DaVido. He is also the artist behind the 2017 track “If,” which is Shazaming Top 50 in New York. DaVido’s success appears to be a boon for other Nigerian artists as well. Afro B’s “Drogba (Joanna)” was even higher than “Fall” on New York Shazam this week. If more radio programmers are willing to give these artists a chance, they may be pleasantly surprised by the results.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2778
__label__wiki	0.965928	0.965928	Industry frustrated with slow adoption of hosted payloads by Jeff Foust — March 16, 2016 The Commercially Hosted Infrared Payload (CHIRP), flown on an SES communications satellite, is one of the few success stories in recent years involving hosted payloads on commercial spacecraft. Credit: SES NATIONAL HARBOR, Md. — Despite the schedule and cost savings promised by flying government hosted payloads on commercial satellites, industry and former government officials expressed frustration, directed largely at government agencies, with the difficulties they’ve encountered in trying to fly such payloads. During a panel session about hosted payloads at the Satellite 2016 conference here March 7, one former government official said he recently left the Air Force after seeing several proposals for hosted payloads be rejected by the service. “I left frustrated,” said Earl White, who ended a 27-year career with the National Reconnaissance Office and U.S. Air Force Space Command last month. That included, he said, seven years at Air Force Space Command where he saw three major proposals for commercially hosted payloads go through his office. “In every case, they were going to leverage large commercial funding and provide some kind of real benefit to the government at a bargain basement price,” he said of those proposals. “All three failed.” White didn’t elaborate on the specific proposals, but he said those concepts, and other ones he saw come through his office, typically failed for one of three reasons. In one specific case, he said, a hosted payload proposal clashed with a program that was classified at the time. That program, he said, has since been declassified: the Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program (GSSAP), a pair of satellites designed to keep tabs on objects in geostationary orbit. A second issue, he said, were inflexible rules and a lack of enabling regulations, such as an unwillingness for government agencies to even formally consider the possibility of using commercial services. A third reason was suspicion in government about the motivations of commercial companies offering hosted payload services. Those issues, he said, are likely rooted in an unwillingness to change. “The NRO and Air Force Space Command have to get it right, and they have to get it right the first time. They have a long legacy of how to do things right,” he said. “They’re very resistant to change, and absent an outside stimulus, it’s going to be very hard to get them to make any changes.” Industry shared White’s disappointment with the lack of use of hosted payload opportunities. “I’m as frustrated as Earl is from the outside,” said Kay Sears, president of Intelsat General. Sears said some specific problems with hosted payloads had to do with the Air Force’s contracting vehicle, known as Hosted Payload Solutions, that has been in place since 2014 by the Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC). “It was really out of sync with all of the major [satellite] programs” the Air Force is deploying, she said. “It wasn’t a really good place for an insertion strategy.” She added that while leadership has embraced the concept of hosted payloads, that support has not filtered down to actions by lower-level staff. “The leadership across the Air Force, across the NRO, across SMC, are very positive about implementing hosted payloads,” she said. “The culture issue is happening at the O-6 [colonel] level and down. They’re the ones that are struggling with this change.” Despite that frustration, both Sears and White said they remained optimistic that hosted payloads would win wider adoption by the military, in part because of benefits they offer beyond cost and schedule. “One thing that is really helping the hosted payload business model is this concept of resiliency,” Sears said. “As we move into the next generation of a lot of these major programs, resiliency is a major objective, and it’s really hard to deny that hosting payloads and having multiple sources to meet your mission is a resilient architecture.” White said that the Chinese anti-satellite weapon test in 2007 helped provide that “outside stimulus” needed for greater acceptance of hosted payloads. He cited as one example the new commercial imaging strategy issued by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency last year. “It’s very, very forward-leaning when it comes to the smallsat world, and when it comes to hosted payloads,” he said. Air Force Space Command, he added, is also working on its own Space Enterprise Vision that should offer new opportunities for hosted payloads. “It’s a new approach for doing space missions that will involve smallsats, disaggregation, and commercially hosted payloads,” he said. “It’s an excellent vision, but it’s only a vision. The plan underneath it has not been fleshed out. They’re going to need a lot of help.” Commercial Policy & Politics hosted payloadSMCU.S. Air Force	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2781
__label__wiki	0.98905	0.98905	by Sandra Erwin — July 2, 2019 A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the final Iridium mission launches from Space Launch Complex-4E at Vandenberg Air Force Base. Credit: Air Force Two potential new tenants are rocket manufacturers Blue Origin and Northrop Grumman that are competing for a National Security Space Launch Phase 2 contract. VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. — Missions to polar orbits are not in high demand these days, and that has caused a slowdown in space launch activity at the 99,000-acre Western Range. SpaceX and United Launch Alliance are the primary tenants of the range supported by the 30th Space Wing, but their West Coast launches are now few and far between. Five of the eight launches projected for 2019 are intercontinental ballistic missile tests, only three are satellites. “We are having a lull,” said Col. Michael Hough, commander of the Air Force 30th Space Wing and Western Range. “This is market driven. Demand for polar orbits is just not that high,” he said during a recent meeting with government officials attended by a SpaceNews reporter. Activity might pick up in a few years when the next phase of the National Security Space Launch program ramps up. For now, Hough believes the void could be filled by the burgeoning small launch industry. He touted the arrival last year of Firefly Aerospace, a small launch company that leased Space Launch Complex 2 West, which was previously used by ULA’s Delta 2. Range officials have been in discussions with small launch providers Relativity Space, Vector and Rocket Lab, although none has yet made any commitments. “In order to achieve polar orbit there is no better place to be than Vandenberg,” Hough said. Because of its location, intercontinental ballistic missiles are launched over water without endangering populated areas. Satellites fly south into polar orbit without flying over any land masses. Nevertheless, launch providers remain ambivalent about investing in West Coast launch pads in the face of uncertain demand. “I think you’re going to see a day when they’re going to try hard to do it at the Cape,” he said. Launch activity at Cape Canaveral on the Florida space coast is growing. “I don’t blame companies for wanting to do that, and consolidate operations on the East Coast.” Hough insists that Vandenberg could become more attractive to commercial companies as infrastructure is modernized and red tape reduced. “I want people to come out here,” he said. “It was evident soon after I arrived here that we needed to be more supportive of commercial launch.” National security launches Two potential new tenants are big rocket manufacturers Blue Origin and Northrop Grumman that are competing for a National Security Space Launch Phase 2 contract. The Air Force will select two providers next year from a field that includes Blue Origin, Northrop Grumman, SpaceX and ULA. To win a Phase 2 contract, providers must have launch facilities on both coasts. Today only SpaceX and ULA meet that requirement. Blue Origin and Northrop Grumman are just starting to build their pads at Cape Canaveral but have no capability yet to launch from Vandenberg. Ensuring Blue Origin and Northrop Grumman have access to a launch pad at Vandenberg has become a headache of sorts for the Air Force and for both companies because of the enormous cost and regulatory obstacles in building new launch infrastructure at the base. The companies both received Launch Service Agreement contracts last year from the Air Force to help pay for new infrastructure but companies still would have to invest hundreds of millions of dollars into facilities that would have limited use and hardly any commercial business. Hough said it would take at least two years to secure state permits for a space launch pad and although Vandenberg is a huge base, the land available to build a large pad is limited. There are also safety concerns, he said, because much of the available land is near the town of Lompoc and residents there would feel shockwaves from rocket blasts. “We have been working closely with SMC on this issue,” said Hough. The Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center manages the national security launch program. “Everybody knows about our challenges here when it comes to terrain.” SMC has arranged for Blue Origin and Northrop Grumman to check out Space Launch Complex 6, where ULA launches Delta 4 Heavy rockets. The company in January launched a National Reconnaissance Office spy satellite from SLC-6. “We want to make sure that anyone that’s interested has access to the SLC-6 pad,” said Michael Sanjume, chief of SMC’s launch enterprise acquisition division. “The government has a role in making sure all parties have access to evaluate what’s available,” he told SpaceNews. ULA is leasing SLC-6 for Delta 4 Heavy launches at least until 2024. The company also leases SLC-3 for Atlas 5 launches. Hough said SLC-6 is “very attractive to these companies” that are competing for NSSL contracts. “SMC has opened up that door to SLC-6 to allow some competitors to go in there for what I call ‘measuring for curtains.’” SLC-6 is a very large launch facility that was built in the 1980s for NASA’s Space Shuttle, along with a 3-mile runway for it to land. After the shuttle program was terminated, the complex was turned over to the Air Force and its launch contractors Lockheed Martin and Boeing, ULA’s parent companies. The cost of maintaining and operating that facility is one reason a Delta 4 Heavy launch costs more than $300 million. The runway now serves as an emergency landing site for the Air Force’s X-37 experimental space plane that normally takes off and lands at Cape Canaveral. Hough said accommodating a new national security launch provider at Vandenberg remains a challenge. “Wouldn’t it be great if SLC-6 was multipurpose?” he said. “We floated that idea to SMC, with real estate the way it is.” Northrop Grumman spokeswoman Jennifer Bowman told SpaceNews that the Air Force is “working with NSSL companies for access to Vandenberg Air Force Base, and SLC-6 is one of the options. Depending on who is selected, it could become a multi-use pad.” According to industry sources, ULA has expressed concerns about giving its competitors access to the Delta 4 launch facility that contains sensitive technology. Blue Origin has been eyeing multiple options at Vandenberg, including a new greenfield, old decommissioned sites and an active launch site. Doing business with SpaceX SpaceX operates Vandenberg’s Space Launch Complex 4, where the company most recently launched the Radarsat mission for the Canadian Space Agency and Iridium’s last mission. Hough said he has been impressed by SpaceX’s ways of doing business. “It’s a very innovative company to work with,” he said. “I do not bet against them. When they set a goal to do something they’re pretty amazing and they get it done.” One of the lessons from working with SpaceX is that the Air Force has to adapt, said Hough. “It’s a challenge for us. It’s challenging to work with commercial companies. We’re inherently bureaucratic, which means we’re slow and methodical.” Companies like SpaceX “keep us on our toes,” said Hough. “When they have to get a satellite on orbit, they are very demanding of us,” he said. “We appreciate what they do. It is frustrating at times,” Hough said. “But we have learned a lot working with them, which helps us.” To position the range for the future, said Hough, “we need innovative airmen to help figure out new processes.” The range also will have to update its technology. SpaceX brings its own telemetry sensors, radar and cameras. That saves them the cost of having to pay the government to use the range’s equipment. The company’s Falcon 9 rocket has an automated flight safety system, or AFSS, which tracks the performance of the vehicle and terminates the flight if anything goes wrong. “They’re the only company doing that,” said Hough. The Air Force starting in 2023 will require space vehicles at its ranges to have AFSS, “and if you don’t have it by 2023, what we provide, you’ll pay for.” Launch Military Blue OriginLaunch Service ProcurementNorthrop GrummanSpaceXULAVandenberg	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2782
__label__wiki	0.613827	0.613827	Having been runner-up in the past two years, 17-year-old Amica de Jager is going for gold in the 93rd River Mile in Cannonville just outside Port Elizabeth this weekend. Part of the two-day SPAR Summer Festival, the feature men’s and women’s mile events will anchor Sunday’s programme in Africa’s oldest open water swimming event. Having twice been pipped at the post, De Jager is hoping to secure a first place this year. “I’ve come painfully close two years in a row so hopefully it will be third time lucky,” she said. Amica de Jager will be aiming for her first gold in this year’s SPAR River Mile after placing second for the last two years. Photo: Michael Sheehan In her final year at Woodridge College, she is feeling confident as she has been training for the South African nationals in open water, pool and lifesaving – all of which take place over the next two months. The teenage star has had a successful season, having won the 5km and 10km Nelson Mandela Bay Aquatics Championship titles. She is also the 3km leader in the Aquelle Ocean Racing Series. De Jager has adopted a determined attitude towards the race and feels her achievements this season are evidence that she is good enough to win. Full of challenges, the River Mile is an event which keeps the swimmers on their toes, but De Jager felt this worked to her advantage. “In open water, everything is unpredictable. The weather, current and layout are always different and changing continuously. “I feel as though I can adapt to most situations and am motivated and determined. As an open water swimmer, you need to be adaptable and prepared for anything. “In open water, swimmers are constantly jostling, each fighting to get in the best position to win. Strategies and tactics are always at play.” Having represented South Africa at the lifesaving world championships, De Jager felt her hard work had paid off in achieving some of her goals. She added that she owed much to her coach, Haydn Holmes. “A previous winner of the River Mile, Haydn is my role model. He has helped me with every aspect of swimming and I hope that I can make him proud. “My goal is to finally win it to become part of the history surrounding this epic race.” Although defending champion Jess Canter is not swimming this year, De Jager said there would be several swimmers to watch, especially Kirsten Marriot. Looking ahead to the race, she said her strategy would be simple. “I want to put myself in the best possible position to win.” Apart from swimming, the festival, which starts on Saturday morning, will include mountain biking and fun run events.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2783
__label__wiki	0.941506	0.941506	Woodstock Performers: Sweetwater Updated on June 21, 2019 Kaili Bisson Rockin’ before she could walk, a vinyl hound who can’t remember a thing because the words to all songs from 1960-2018 are stuck in her head. Sweetwater Performing at Woodstock Sweetwater onstage at Woodstock \| Source This series of articles—32 in all—covers each of the artists who performed at the original Woodstock festival August 15-18, 1969. Appearing on Day 1 as the opener, Richie Havens gave the crowd the first anthem of the festival, a song called "Freedom (Motherless Child)." The next artist up after Sweetwater was New York native Bert Sommer. It could have been Sweetwater's day in the sun. Knowing what we know now about the immensity of Woodstock and its cultural impact, what greater honor or career-propelling event could there have been than to open the Woodstock Music & Art Fair on August 15, 1969? But it wasn't to be. A Band Called Sweetwater Sweetwater emerged from the music scene in Los Angeles in 1967. Known for their eclectic sound that incorporated what were then unconventional instruments like flute and cello, they had a huge fan base on the west coast and were often compared to Jefferson Airplane. Fusion was just emerging as a style, and Sweetwater was definitely one of the first bands to adopt it Like the Airplane, Sweetwater's music was a melding of psychedelia, folk, R&B and pop, with some latin and jazz influences thrown in for good measure. Their most interesting tunes tended to blend all of those genres together. Also like the Airplane, they had a female lead singer who had an incredible voice and a strong stage presence. Sweetwater was made up of eight musicians, about double the usual number for a band in those days. Nansi Nevins was their Grace Slick, and she was ably backed by August Burns on cello, Al Malarowitz and Elpidio Cobian on drums and percussion, Albert Moore on flute, Fred Herrera on bass and Alex Del Zoppo on keyboards and harmonica. Most of the band members also helped out on backing vocals. The individual members of the band had started out playing coffeehouses in and around Los Angeles and came together as a band in 1967. They were signed to a record deal with Reprise almost immediately, as Reprise was eager to get in on the success that psychedelia was seeing. In 1968, they released their first album "Sweetwater," which managed to hold the #200 spot on the Billboard album chart for two weeks. Two singles from their debut LP received a lot of airplay in the LA area, "Motherless Child" and "My Crystal Spider." Though neither of the songs made the individual song charts, they were hugely popular and "My Crystal Spider" became the song that was most associated with the psychedelic sound of the band. Eager to promote the album, Reprise set Sweetwater up to open for The Doors at every opportunity. Sweetwater also appeared on the same bill as all of the big names of the day, including Jimi Hendrix, Big Brother & The Holding Company, Crosby, Stills & Nash, Jefferson Airplane, Zappa and Spirit. The band also became regulars at the venerable Whisky a Go Go in the early years of that club. They were on their way to Woodstock. Photo of Sweetwater's self-titled LP "Have you seen my crystal spider He has eyes of mercury He has left his web of paisley Be aware, if you care Would you please Send him back to me" We hit the ground running around five or six thinking we were going to have to run immediately onstage and play, and all of a sudden somebody said 'No, the Swami's going to go onstage before you.'" — Fred Herrera of Sweetwater, from the book "Woodstock: Three Days That Rocked the World" Sweetwater's Woodstock They were on their way, except they had no way to get there on time. Sweetwater had originally agreed to play Woodstock only if they could be the first act on the bill. This was out of necessity, as Alex Del Zoppo had signed up for the Army reserves and was due at training camp back in California the very next day. The organizers of Woodstock had hired off-duty New York policemen, over 300 of them, to provide traffic and crowd control. On August 14th, the day before the festival was due to begin, their Police Commissioner issued a "reminder" that policemen were banned from moonlighting. “When we lost the cops,” said assistant producer Stanley Goldstein, “we lost the roads. When we lost the roads, we lost control of the traffic. When that happened, we lost our supply lines.” Stuck in that massive traffic jam, along with the sea of fans headed to the concert site, was Sweetwater and all of their equipment. They were ultimately plucked out by helicopter and brought to the stage. But they missed out on being the opening act, though technically they were still the first band to appear at the festival. Sweetwater took the stage just after 6:00 p.m. on Friday, August 15th. By all accounts, their set was eclectic for sure, with perhaps a touch too much psychedelia and fusion for that early in the day. Long solo jams in some of the songs had people unfamiliar with their music wondering what on earth was going on. They played a total of 10 songs, including six from their debut album. "Motherless Child" had already been performed by Richie Havens as his closing number, with embellishments added by him that made it unique. The only song in Sweetwater's set that really seemed to capture the audience was "My Crystal Spider." They left the stage after about 45 minutes and, for the moment at least, things at Woodstock seemed to be getting back on track. Sweetwater "Motherless Child" on The Hollywood Palace TV Show 1969 Life After Woodstock Where they could have gone career-wise as a band after appearing at Woodstock is a question that will have to remain unanswered. Just four months after Woodstock, and three days after taping an appearance on "The Red Skelton Hour," Nevins was involved in a horrific traffic accident. On December 8, 1969, a drunk driver slammed into Nevins' car while she was driving down the Ventura Freeway in LA, leaving her with brain damage and the permanent loss of one of her vocal chords. Nevins fought back from the accident, but with her out of commission, the band was simply sidetracked for too long. Such was their love for her that they never replaced her, and the group finally disbanded in 1971. Three surviving members of the band (Nevins, Herrera and Del Zoppo) actually reunited in 1994 for the 25th anniversary of Woodstock. And on January 17, 1999, the band reunited once again for the 35th anniversary of the Whisky a Go Go. Five Musical Facts Sweetwater does not appear in the 1970 Woodstock movie. However, their cover of "Motherless Child" (not recorded at Woodstock) was included on a compilation called Hippie - Music from the '60s Generation. This is not your typical compilation, and includes all sorts of great songs from bands like Iron Butterfly and Vanilla Fudge, to name a couple. I highly recommend it for fans of '60s music. Nevins liked to perform "Motherless Child" as a solo artist before Sweetwater got together, and it naturally became part of the band's repertoire. Del Zoppo left the stage right after their set at Woodstock in a panic to get back to California to the Army reserve camp. As it was, he didn't make it back until the Sunday night, and he was sure they would ship him off to Vietnam as punishment. Lucky for him, he was only docked two days' pay. Nevins had already recorded enough tracks prior to her accident to be included on the groups two final albums, 1970's "Just For You" and 1971's "Melon." Nevins, Herrera and Del Zoppo had been planning to participate in events to mark the 2019 50th anniversary of the festival, but Woodstock 50 at Watkins Glen has now been cancelled. They will instead be appearing July 19th at the Port Washington, New York Library for a live music event and on July 20th at the Great South Bay Music Festival on Long Island, New York. © 2019 Kaili Bisson Woodstock Performers: John Sebastian by Kaili Bisson6 Woodstock Performers: Quill Woodstock Performers: Blood, Sweat & Tears Woodstock Performers: The Who Woodstock Performers: The Band mikeandbrendab Thanks, please keep us posted. 3 months ago from Canada Hi Mike and Brenda, I just sent an email to their web address, so hopefully they'll reply with some news :-) Hello Mike and Brenda, The band's website now says "Oddly enough for us, there is more activity surrounding this year’s anniversary than at any time since we played there on that fateful weekend in 1969." Another note says to stay tuned. It would be amazing to see them come together at either Bethel Woods or Watkins Glen. #5 says "Nevins, Herrera and Del Zoppo are planning to participate in events to mark the 50th anniversary of the festival." We hope and pray that they do it would not be the same without them, they rock then and they rock now, come back together one more time please!!!! Hi Flourish and thank you! Can you imagine the panic Del Zoppo was in? And yes, poor Nansi experienced such horrible trauma because some fool decided to drive under the influence...very sad. FlourishAnyway 4 months ago from USA That is some risk they took with Del Zoppo's military service starting so soon. So sad the impact of drunk driving. I love your storytelling.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2784
__label__cc	0.666788	0.333212	Home College Southern Comfort: Alabama could have the best team in NCAA history USA TODAY- Tua Tagovailoa Southern Comfort: Alabama could have the best team in NCAA history It’s just too easy this year. Alabama already has a couple of the best college football teams of all time. They rank up there with the 2001 Miami Hurricanes, 2005 Texas Longhorns and 2008 Florida Gators. But, this year’s team is a different animal altogether. The reason? Tua Tagovailoa. Under Nick Saban, Alabama has always had a sled-full of defensive players who are going to make it to the next level. Most years, they’ve bolstered some of the best defensive lines and secondaries in the country. Their linebackers aren’t too shabby, either, with players like Rueben Foster and Rashad Evans. They’ve produced running back after running back with T.J. Yeldon, Mark Ingram and Derrick Henry to name a few. The receivers have held their own with Amari Cooper, Calvin Ridley, and Julio Jones. The one thing they’ve never had is a true NFL quarterback. Welcome to 2018. I was in attendance for the Alabama vs. Tennessee game, and Tua is better in person than on TV, and that’s hard to do. Start with the fact he’s a lot bigger than he looks on TV. He has a NFL quarterback’s frame. He carries himself with composure, no matter how pressure-filled the situation (I’m going back to the National Championship game of 2017, since he hasn’t played in the 4th quarter yet this year). And, the throws he makes are unbelievable. For instance, there was a play in the Tennessee game where he was chased to his left, turned his shoulders and delivered a perfect ball to a receiver almost on the far right sideline about 25 yards downfield in between two defenders. At that point, what can the defense do? The answer is, nothing, save hopefully sack him. Tagovailoa makes Alabama a different team. He finishes each team off by early in the 3rd quarter and most of the time, they’re realistically done by the 2nd. He doesn’t let the team start slow. They’ve scored on 7 of 7 1st drives. This week could be the first real test for the Tide all year as they go into Baton Rouge and play a red-hot LSU team. The Tigers smoked what appeared to be Alabama’s only competition (Georgia) earlier this season. For the Tigers to pull off this upset, they’ll need to start fast. This team is not built to play from behind, especially against the Tide who’ll eat them if they know their opponent is forced to pass the ball. If Alabama gets through this game easily, I don’t see any team challenging them all year, including the National Championship Game. This team will go down as the greatest team of all time! Rashad Evans Rueben Foster T.J. Yeldon Tua Tagovailoa Previous articleBrown Going Down: Steelers’ game kiss of death for Browns’ coaches Next articleConnecting People by Connecting Brands NFL Regional Combine Wrap Up: Who Showed Up, Who Shined, And What’s Next Louisville cruises past Kent State	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2786
__label__wiki	0.514706	0.514706	« KINO SATELLITE: Convergence \| Main \| Winter's Sleep (Notes from the Overlook Hotel) » Ken Jacobs at KINO SATELLITE (and Other Paraphernalia) A quick post betwixt fests: just coming down from Sheffield Doc/Fest and a very active marketplace--wow! I just filed my report for DOX Magazine; look here for film reviews in the coming weeks. Loved, loved, loved Marwencol (and felt very honored to host the Q&A at Sheff). This was the film's UK premiere and during the Cinema Eye Roller Disco party, it was announced that the film had garnered nominations for Nonfiction Feature Filmmaking (CEH's version of "best film"), as well as nominations for outstanding achievement in direction, editing, and début feature. The film opens this Friday the 12th at the Landmark Nuart in LA, Malmberg's hometown. Don't miss it! I also saw The Autobiography of Nicolae Ceausescu, a 187-minute tour de force from director, Andrei Ujica, and also a nominee for a Cinema Eye Spotlight award. Banksy's Exit Through the Gift Shop was another film I was lucky enought to host with its producer, Jamie D'Cruz, and editor, Chris King. Exit is nominated for six Cinema Eyes: best film, production (award goes to the producer), editing, international feature, début feature, and the audience award. Quadrangle, an outstanding piece directed by Amy Grappell, was a film I saw at the last SXSW, but I had a chance to see it again at Sheffield where it played with Catfish. (I loved Catfish so much!) Quadrangle is one of the nominees in the CEH best short film category (which is new this year), along with Andreas Koefoed's Albert's Winter, Arsy-Versy by Miro Remo, an amazing student film that has won many awards around the world, James Blagden's Dock Ellis and the LSD No-No, and Vance Malone's The Poodle Trainer. I also got a chance to see the world premiere of Jerry Rothwell's excellent Donor Unknown, a totally ready-for-primetime doc--that's a compliment. Delights out of the Scottish Documentary Institute Focus strand: Calling Home, Surpriseville and Twinset. More coherent thoughts beyond "I loved it!" on all of these outstanding films at some undefined free moment in the future. And to see the rest of the categories and nominees for the Cinema Eyes, taking place at The Museum of the Moving Image in Queens on January 18 (and broadcast on The Documentary Channel), visit the site here. Early tomorrow morning, I fly to Copenhagen for CPH: DOX to spend a few days taking in their incredible program. I've already seen quite a few pieces out of there which has just whet my growing appetite for more visionary programming. I mentioned to a colleague recently that it's getting harder and harder for me to watch more traditional docs when I see all the innovative ways in which young filmmakers are stretching, mashing and creating new ways in which to storytell. Very exciting stuff, indeed. Look for articles on the New Vision category out of CPH in DOX and on the program that Harmony Korine curated for the fest this year on Senses of Cinema. (Pictured, still from Israeli artist Roee Rosen's staggering film, Out.) The call for entries is open for the International Women's Film Festival Dortmund \| Cologne. The theme for 2011 is NOW WHAT: Films About Getting Out of Here. They are looking for films by women directors that deal with topics on Quest for Meaning, Orientation, Confidence, Antagonism, Rebellion, Utopia. There are no restrictions on genre, running time or year of production. You can find more detailed information here. Entry deadline is 29 November. There is also an International Fiction Feature Competition endowed with 25,000 Euro; that entry deadline is the 7th of January and the film must have been finished within two years of the festival date in April. As well, there is a National Director of Photography Award endowed with a 5,000 Euro prize for fiction, and a 2,500 Euro prize for documentary. This is an advancement award for an up-and-coming German cinematographer/DP. They also accept films by DPs who either live and work in Germany, or finished their training here. Entry deadline is 31 January. Vist the web site for updates and to download entry forms. The festival will take place in Köln, Germany 12 - 17 April 2011. (Pictured, still from Susan Muska and Greta Olafsdottir's Edie & Thea: A Very Long Engagement, 2009.) In New York, the Margaret Mead Film & Video Festival opens once again at the Museum of Natural History, 11 - 14 November. On Saturday the 13th, the festival will present the New York premiere of Human Terrain with filmmakers David and Michael Udris and their collaborating Watson Institute Research Fellow, James Der Derian, for a post-screening discussion. In a co-presentation with the Goethe-Institut in New York, the festival's opening night will honor Veterans Day with Dustin Grella's Prayers for Peace and the New York premiere of Jens Schanze's Plug & Play, a documentary starring some of science's most famed researchers. In another strand, the fest will celebrate The World's Children with films that address the unwavering hope of children around the globe faced with difficult circumstances. Featured films will be Born Sweet, Shelter in Place, Jean-Pierre Duret and Andrea Santana's exquisite Because We Were Born, and one of the most moving shorts I've seen this year, Carol Salter's Unearthing the Pen. Visit the web site for more info and on how to purchase tickets. (Pictured, still from Unearthing the Pen, 2009.) Lastly, but far from leastly, our second KINO SATELLITE show happens tomorrow night in Berlin with a selection of work from filmmaker, Ken Jacobs. We're pleased to present a program of recent works by the legendary filmmaker, one of the pioneers of the New York avant-garde. The program includes the German premiere of his most recent film, a loft, which just premiered at the 2010 Viennale (still from film, pictured). The show will be introduced by Ekkehard Knörrer of Die Tageszeitung, Cargo and Perlentaucher. We will show The Day Was a Scorcher (2009), 8 minutes, color, silent; an excerpt from THE SKY SOCIALIST Stratified (2009),19 minutes, color, sound, music by Olivier Messiaen and Michael Schumacher; Capitalism: Slavery (2006), 3 minutes, color, silent; Capitalism: Child Labor (2006), 14 minutes, color, sound; Ron Gonzalez, Sculptor (2009), 20 minutes, color, sound; and, a loft (2010), 16 mintues, color, silent. I will, of course, be in Copenhagen, as mentioned above, but Andrew Grant will be on hand to welcome you to Direktorenhaus--doors and bar will open at 7:30 p.m., and the screening will start at 8:00. Goodnight, London. Posted at 08:46 PM in Art, Awards, Berlin Stories, Cinema Eye Honors, Festivals, Film, Markets, New York Stories, Sheffield Doc/Fest \| Permalink	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2788
__label__wiki	0.658546	0.658546	Use of Drugs and Alcohol Strong Sexual Content Far Cry Insanity Bundle Bundle Released Mar 26, 2019 Please enter your date of birth to continue. Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Year 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901 More for Far Cry® 4 Explore more games and downloadable content for Far Cry® 4 ! Experience the thrill of the award-winning Far Cry franchise through the Insanity Bundle. Travel to the exotic Rook Islands, survive the hills of Kyrat, and help save the land of the free in Hope County, Montana! Take on three twisted villains including Vaas, Pagan Min, and Joseph Seed in this trilogy pack that includes Far Cry® 3 Classic Edition, Far Cry® 4, and Far Cry® 5. © 2014–2018 Ubisoft Entertainment. All Rights Reserved. Far Cry, Ubisoft, and the Ubisoft logo are registered or unregistered trademarks of Ubisoft Entertainment in the US and/or other countries. Based on Crytek’s original Far Cry directed by Cevat Yerli	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2791
__label__cc	0.551321	0.448679	What Actually Happens When You Go to Sex Therapy? What July's Partial Lunar Eclipse Means for Every... 13 Slow-Cooker Biscuit Recipes Worth Waking Up For Which 'Stranger Things' Character You Are, Based on... Delta Aquariids Meteor Shower Horoscopes: How Falling... The 4 Signs Most Likely to Crack Their iPhone Screen... byMonica Beyer 1 year ago Photo: Ashley Britton/SheKnows If you’re thinking about looking into sex therapy or are just curious about it, you may wonder what it’s all about. First off—don’t worry. You’re not having sex in front of a therapist to get pointers and tips. Instead, a sex therapist can help you (and possibly your partner) work through issues you may be experiencing. Here’s how they do it. What Is Sex Therapy, Anyway? Dr. Piper Grant, founder of Numi Psychology, is a licensed psychologist and sex therapist that specializes in working with both couples and individuals on issues that relate to sex, intimacy and relationships. She explains that sex therapy is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on sexual function and dysfunction—and while it is a specialized treatment for sexual issues, it actually utilizes many techniques of traditional talk therapy. “Whether as a couple or an individual—you can go alone or together—sex therapy can help you develop ways to deepen intimacy, heal from sexual traumas, reconnect with yourself and partner, increase your sexual confidence and address sexual dysfunction,” she says. People go to sex therapy for many different reasons, she notes. Sexual concerns are one problem that drives people to sex therapy, but there are other issues that may be at play in a relationship that might lead them to book an appointment. More: Could a Break from Your S.O. Be the Best Thing for Your Sex Life? “Although sexual concerns are common, discord in desire within couple-ships is normal, and sexual dysfunction happens for most people at some point in their lifetime,” Grant says. “However, not many people know how to cope or work on the presenting issue.” Some common issues that sex therapy can help with include erectile dysfunction, painful sex, loss of intimacy, low sexual desire, compulsive sexual behavior, difficulty reaching orgasm or a difference in relationship desires. Additionally, sex therapy can help increase your sexual-esteem, help you deepen intimacy in a relationship, recover from sexual trauma and repair past problems in your relationship. However, it’s crucial to keep in mind there is no one-size-fits-all therapy for sexual issues. Dr. Nicole Prause is a licensed psychologist in California and a scientist studying treatments for sexual problems, and she emphasizes that different sexual problems require different treatment therapies. “A woman experiencing pain during intercourse—dyspareunia—does not get therapy that looks much like a woman with anorgasmia,” she says. What Happens During a Session? By now, you must be wondering how exactly a sex therapist works with an individual or a couple. As mentioned above, sex therapy is similar to traditional talk therapy—it’s just the topic that’s different. In essence, a good sex therapist will look beyond the mechanics of sex and will work on addressing the underlying issues, such as behaviors, emotions, traumas or any other dynamics that may be contributing to the sexual problem. Xanet Pailet, a sex and intimacy coach and founder of Power of Pleasure, explains that her initial sessions allow the therapist or coach to get to know the client and to begin to establish comfort and safety before digging deeper into the client’s background and sexual history. MORE: 6 Couples Share How They Make an Open Relationship Work Grant emphasizes that you will not perform sexual acts in front of your therapist, and you should not be touched by your therapist. She also says that it’s important to realize that sex therapy has limitations and there is no miracle cure, but if you’re working with a qualified sex therapist and have mutual trust and respect between the two (or three) of you, positive changes can be made. As far as prep work before your appointment goes, it’s best not to stress about it. Dr. James I. Millhouse, a licensed psychologist with Atlanta Psychological Associates, notes, “The only preparation needed is to make the decision that you are open to learning new things and a commitment to being totally open and honest.” For those who can benefit from a sex therapist, it’s nice to know there are plenty of professionals who can help you work through your issues with kindness and strength so you can be in a place of healing and good health. Originally posted on SheKnows.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2793
__label__cc	0.67554	0.32446	← What is this I don’t even…Okinawa Omiyage NSFW Gunma’s Mascot is the Cutest Mascot of All the Mascots! → The Green-Eyed Geisha Calls It Quits? Posted on June 7, 2011 by superhappyawesome Westerners do seem to love the mythos of the Geisha, and I’m no exception. Obviously I’ve read Arthur Golden’s most famous novel, as well as the memoir of Mineko Iwesaki. I love Liza Dalby, who is generally considered to be the “first Western Geisha,” and who wrote some fabulous work on the subject. I’ve even wandered around Kyoto in search of these women and been lucky enough to spot them. In fact, a good friend of ours is doing the very same today, which is part of why this topic caught my eye! As you may be aware, recently an Australian anthropologist (with a P.h.D. from Oxford no less!) has been working and living as a geisha in the Asakusa district of Tokyo. Fiona Graham, now 50, debuted as “Sayuki” after a year of training at the age of 47. It was announced earlier this week that she is parting ways with the establishment, and will apparently attempt to continue on independently. It’s hard to get a clear sense of the true story, and it’s likely that we’ll never really know what actually happened. Graham claims that she is being ostracized because she is a foreigner. The Telegraph quotes a number of sources that state she did not follow the rules, take part in ongoing training, and even accuse her of fighting with the establishment. It is said that she has been asked to leave “after being accused of bringing the movement into disrepute.” The most damning quote of all, which perhaps sums up both sides of the story, comes from a fellow geisha in the same district. “It’s embarrassing, but she just does not understand that.” What do you think? Is it impossible for a non-Japanese person to truly engage in such a traditional Japanese art form? Did she simply not fit in due to her own personality clashes? Or is she a pioneer and being ostracized, as she claims, based on the color of her skin and the cultural differences she faces? About superhappyawesome Living in Japan! View all posts by superhappyawesome → This entry was posted in Japan and tagged Asakusa, geisha, Japan, Tokyo, traditional. Bookmark the permalink. 7 Responses to The Green-Eyed Geisha Calls It Quits? My guess is it’s probably a personality clash – If it really were a race/cultural origin issue, I don’t believe she would neither have been let into the institution, nor permitted to have passed the training, in the first place. I also love geisha culture, have been to Gion to see maiko and read all the books you listed above, but I really dislike Arthur Golden. The whole reason Iwesaki wrote Geisha, A Life was because she was a primary source of info for Golden’s book but he promised to keep her anonymous. After she was acknowledged in his book she faced backlash and death threats. Stupid Golden >: ( I really have a strong dislike for ppl who do things for the sake of having this adventurous life to write about… whether it’s being a geisha or a hostess or whatever. To me, it reeks of exploitation. I’m not sure that was the case here but if it is then it’s understandable she was asked to leave. Btw I went to Gion and I had to leave. The behaviour of Westerners in that area was so embarassing. They had so little respect for the geisha…. pretty much treating them like zoo animals to be photographed. lina says: “The behaviour of Westerners in that area was so embarassing. They had so little respect for the geisha…. pretty much treating them like zoo animals to be photographed.” On that note, my friends and I spent an hour of our time visiting Atsuta Shrine being photographed in very much the same way because we were foreigners in yukata. That behavior is universal to all cultures. elle marie says: Hi, I’m a new reader, but I wanted to thank you for coming by and saying “hello”, I really wish I Could offer a comment on this situation but I don’t know much about the “Geisha” culture, but I’m really interested to know the “why” she was outcasted by the culture. The Telegraph article quoted ONE anonymous geisha who claimed various things about Sayuki and no other evidence at all. It is fact that the Geisha Association told her that it was because she is a foreigner that she could not open her own geisha house even though Asakusa rules state that any geisha may apply to open their own geisha house after they have been a geisha for four years.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2795
__label__wiki	0.652297	0.652297	College hosts symposium for outgoing Professor Schwartz March 24, 2016 Henry Cappel 0 Comment barry schwartz, psychology, symposium Last Saturday the college held a ceremony honoring long-time psychology professor Barry Schwartz. The ceremony took place in Lang Concert Hall from 11 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. During that time, faculty members who had worked with Schwartz had the opportunity to share their experiences and gratitude for him. The event was open to all students and faculty members and drew a large crowd, with attendees filing in and out through the course of the day. President Valerie Smith opened with general remarks about Schwartz’s incredibly successful career, publishing over 200 articles and 10 books, being interviewed on Anderson Cooper and the Colbert Report, and sharing his research findings through numerous TED talks. Smith paved the way for the other speakers with an introduction to his impressive professional life. University of Pennsylvania psychology professor Martin Seligman began his speech by talking about his experiences working with Schwartz and the findings they had shared. Seligman acknowledged all of Schwartz’s incredible achievements, but made note that Schwartz was instead successful because he had only had, “one job and one wife his whole life.” Daniel Reisberg, a psychology professor at Reed College, took the stage next and talked about his work with Schwartz. Some of the following speakers included professor of psychology at Princeton University Daniel Kahneman, professor of psychology at Swarthmore Richard Schuldenfrei, professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania Adam Gant, and professor of political science at Swarthmore Kenneth Sharpe. Toward the end of the event, several Swarthmore professors shared their experiences, including chair of the psychology department Andrew Ward. Ward started his talk with a few jokes about his humbling experience working alongside Schwartz, noting that students confused him for Schwartz’s assistant and commenting on Schwartz’s dress attire when teaching. He then described with his acronym of tips for happiness called the “BARRY.” Each letter refers to an aspect of life that Schwartz follows to be happy. The letters stand for Be grateful, Allow students to succeed, Reward others, Resist irrational behavior, Yield to the power of satisficing, and finally to have low expectations (which did not have its own letter). Schwartz gave the final talk of the afternoon in which the Lang Concert Hall reached its capacity and started with a standing ovation. Schwartz began his speech thanking his colleagues and peers for their influence on his life. During his talk, he attributed the successes of his life and career not to what he created for himself, but instead to being able to see opportunities when they presented themselves through good fortune. He said, “I have been incredibly lucky and fortunate to take advantage of good luck when confronted with it.” Schwartz mapped the experiences and path of his career studying at NYU, and then moving on to the University of Pennsylvania to receive his PhD in psychology. He was torn at a point in his life to study either law or psychology. He said, “I studied psychology in college largely by accident, I chose the grad school I went to for the wrong reasons but discovered it was the perfect place to be. I would have gone to law school and become a lawyer in Penn law school had they been willing to take me part time while I finished my PhD. The happy accidents just go on and on.” Schwartz ended his talk sharing his ideas about the college admission process and how high schoolers could be happier and more stress free if it did not involve the pressure to outperform other students in an applicant pool. Schwartz expressed his impression of the symposium as a whole and commented, “I was completely stunned. It just took my breath away. My colleagues who organized it were unbelievably generous with their time, and wanted it to be just perfect, the president and the provost were generous with funds to support it, my colleagues and collaborators all every one said yes when they were invited despite how busy they are and that four of them were coming from the west coast.” Many of Schwartz’s former and current students attended the symposium, including McKenzie Himelein-Wachowiak ’19, who is currently taking his class, “Thinking, Judgment, and Decision Making.” Himelein-Wachowiak said, “I think he’s a captivating lecturer, and always solidifies the material we’re learning with interesting studies, which helps me better learn the concepts. I also admire his almost-cynical humor.” Rajnish Yadav ’18, who is in two classes with Schwartz this semester — “Thinking, Judgement, and Decision Making” and “Behavioral Science and Public Policy” — agreed. “Barry’s lectures are captivating. There has never been a dull moment in any of his two classes I am taking this semester. He has a great sense of humor and he uses it with great success during the lectures. There have been a lot of ‘wow’ moments for me in his classes which have helped deepen my understanding of judgment and decision making,” he noted. Students attended the symposium for a variety of reasons. Martina Costagliola ’17 remarked, “I’ve always been interested in Barry’s research and work, so I really wanted to hear what his colleagues had to say about working with him. The lineup of speakers was also just impressive, and I couldn’t pass up an opportunity to hear all of them speak.” Himelein-Wachowiack commented, “I was excited for the opportunity to hear so many prominent psychologists, like Seligman, Kahneman, and Lyubomirsky, and for the opportunity to honor Barry while also learning about the current research of the speakers.” Schwartz wanted students to take away one central message. “Serious intellectual engagement can be thrilling, and more important, it can lead to understandings that can change the world,” he said, “we tend to be so caught up in day-to-day business of assignments and exams that we can lose sight of why it matters that we do this kind of work, and do it with integrity and passion.” ← A response to “Board conflict leaves no choice but to escalate” 21% of Class of 2018 Apply for Computer Science Major/Minor →	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2796
__label__cc	0.710514	0.289486	2018 Theme Holiness Together Speaker: Mark Dever Session: Main Session The local church isn’t just the focus of the Christian’s holy life, but the principle means of attaining it. Mark Dever expounds on how pastors can lead their congregations to sustain and advance godliness together. Yet, the corporate pursuit of holiness must be undertaken in humble dependence on God and sure hope that he will do what he has promised. Mark Dever serves as the senior pastor of Capitol Hill Baptist Church in Washington, DC. A Duke graduate, Mark holds a M.Div. from Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, a Th.M. from The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, and a Ph.D. in Ecclesiastical History from Cambridge University. He is the president ... Read More » Mark Dever serves as the senior pastor of Capitol Hill Baptist Church in Washington, DC. A Duke graduate, Mark holds a M.Div. from Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, a Th.M. from The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, and a Ph.D. in Ecclesiastical History from Cambridge University. He is the president of 9Marks and has taught at a number of seminaries. Mark has authored several books and articles, most recently, Compelling Community, Baptist Foundations, The Gospel and Personal Evangelism, What is a Healthy Church?, and Nine Marks of a Healthy Church. He and his wife Connie live and minister on Capitol Hill. They have two adult children. Citizens of Heaven: In the World But Not Of The God Who Is Not Like Us: Why We Need the Doctrine of Divine Immutability The Whole in Our Holiness Ligon Duncan Resources by Speaker » Resources by Year » info@t4g.org © 2019 Together for the Gospel \| Privacy Policy \| Site by Caudill Solutions.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2797
__label__cc	0.643526	0.356474	Want to see what the future looks like? Kiss your jobs goodbye (4 min) Posted by Lou on March 16, 2018 Posted in: Artificial intelligence, Labor, Robotics, The Future, Video. 3 Comments RC SPOTTER Fantastic RC Models in Action. Event: Model-Hobby-Spiel Fair Leipzig Germany October 2017 Hillary Clinton Releases New Dance Video (1 min) Posted in: Hilarious Windbag Clinton, Humor, Video. Leave a comment It would seem that Hillary Clinton has a new dance for all the kids to try. Is There Any Real Evidence of Elite Pedophile Sex Rings Involving Government and Pop Culture? Posted in: CIA, Criminology, Culture, Elites, Government, Human trafficking, Illuminati, Mind control, MK Ultra, Occult, Pedophilia, Satanism, Sex, Symbolism, Whistleblowers, Wikileaks. Leave a comment Unfortunately, there is. “Lord of the Rings star Elijah Wood has spoken out about this issue as well. “Let me be clear: This subject of child abuse is an important one that should be discussed and properly investigated,” Wood said. “It was all organized,” he continued. “There are a lot of vipers in this industry, people who only have their own interests in mind. There is darkness in the underbelly.” “What bums me about these situations is that the victims can’t speak as loudly as the people in power,” Wood stated. “That’s the tragedy of attempting to reveal what is happening to innocent people: They can be squashed, but their lives have been irreparably damaged.” http://www.collective-evolution.com Kalee Brown Pedophilia has come up in the mainstream a lot lately, as PizzaGate came to light fairly recently and more and more pedophile rings are being exposed, some of which have involved government officials. If you’re unfamiliar with PizzaGate, it refers to a wide range of email correspondence leaked from the DNC that allegedly unearthed a high-level elitist global pedophile ring in which the U.S. government was involved. It emerged when Wikileaks released tens of thousands of emails from the former White House Chief of Staff under Bill Clinton, John Podesta, who also served as Hillary Clinton’s campaign manager. It’s because of these emails that many claimed John Podesta was a part of these child trafficking rings as well. Since then, conspiracy theorists and world renowned journalists alike have been looking into the topic and speculating how big this problem could be and who could be involved within these underground rings. For example, award winning American journalist Ben Swann explained the Pizzagate controversy in detail on mainstream news: Not long after, Swann’s entire online personal brand and accounts had all but vanished from the internet. Why? More recently, there’s been some speculation that these pedophile rings could stretch into pop culture, potentially involving more pedophilia scandals and symbolism within the media. The question here is: Is there any tangible evidence of all of this, or is it mere speculation? Pedophilia Symbolism I’d like to begin by identifying the symbols that are used by pedophiles to identify themselves and make their requests within underground networks. Here is a link to a declassified FBI document illustrating the symbols and images used by pedophiles to “identify their sexual preferences.” So, how do these images relate to pizza? First of all, before PizzaGate was even suggested, “cheese pizza” was used as a code word to discuss “child porn” (hint: it’s the same initials, CP). A quick Google search will reveal that the market for underage sex workers is fairly substantial, and you can even see a 2015 post on Urban Dictionary that explains how “cheese pizza” is used as code for child porn. As per PizzaGate and the symbolism, it all started when multiple emails involving John Podesta, his brother, and Hillary Clinton simply didn’t add up. Strange wording discussing pizza and cheese left readers confused, and because the emails made so little sense, it led many to suspect that they were code for something else. For example, this email addressed to John Podesta reads: “The realtor found a handkerchief (I think it has a map that seems pizza-related),” and this email sent from John Podesta asks: “Do you think I’ll do better playing dominos on cheese than on pasta?” There are many more examples, and I encourage you to go through the Wikileaks vault to explore. On top of that, the DNC was associated with two pizza places, Comet Ping Pong and Besta Pizza, which use very clear symbols of pedophilia in their advertising and have strange images of children and other ritualistic type images and suspicious videos on their social media accounts – which has since been made private given the controversy over the images and their link to the DNC, but again, a quick Google search will show you what those images looked like. You can read the email correspondence between John Podesta and Comet Ping Pong’s owner, James Alefantis, here. To start, here’s an image from his Instagram account: Here’s an image of the Besta Pizza logo alongside the FBI’s pedophilia code symbols: Former writer for the Huffington Post and Business Insider David Seaman has posted numerous YouTube videos thoroughly outlining the emails and the link to these pizza parlours and the pedophilia symbolism found within all of it. Here’s one of his videos, though I’d encourage you to watch the rest of them as well: Here’s an image of some of the other art created by the same woman Comet Ping Pong commissioned to create the art for their pizza parlour. David Seaman discusses the art in another one of his videos. Does this look like the type of “art” a children’s artist should be creating (or anyone for that matter)? As you may already know, PizzaGate is only speculation as of right now, though there is clearly some very damning evidence against the DNC that suggests some of the members were involved with pedophilia. This Isn’t the First Time the Government Was Involved in Sex Scandals Many were quick to assume that PizzaGate was entirely true because they knew of the U.S. government’s previous involvement with sex scandals and pedophilia. For example, Ted Gunderson, former FBI special agent and head of their L.A. office, worked to uncover years’ worth of information on high-level pedophilia, sexual abuse, and satanic rituals performed by the government and the elite (or the cabal). In my opinion, Ted Gunderson is a wonderful place to start your research on this subject. You can read more about that in our CE article here. Former U.S. representative Cynthia McKinney also knew about the government’s relationship to human trafficking, and she actually addressed it in 2005. She grilled Donald Rumsfeld on military contractor DynCorp’s child trafficking business of selling women and children (source). Another individual involved in high-level trafficking was Jeffrey E. Epstein, a member of the financial elite infamous on Wall Street. In 2009, he pleaded guilty to charges of soliciting prostitution from girls as young as fourteen. He served just over a year in jail and became a registered high-risk sex offender. According to former U.S. State Department official Steve Pieczenik, the Clintons and many more “have been a major part and participant of what’s called the Lolita Express, which is a plane owned by Mr. Jeff Epstein, a wealthy multi-millionaire who flies down to the Bahamas and allows Bill and Hillary Clinton to engage in sex with minors — that is called Pedophilia.” (source) Prominent names who boarded the Lolita Express include former President Bill Clinton, Naomi Campbell, Kevin Spacey, Prince Andrew, Larry Summers, and other political figures, all of whom are listed on the flight logs. Even the current U.S. President, Donald Trump, has ties to Epstein, and was in fact accused of raping a 13-year-old girl at multiple different elite sex parties with Epstein. You can see the full logs here. “Bill Clinton . . . associated with a man like Jeffrey Epstein, who everyone in New York, certainly within his inner circles, knew was a pedophile,” explained Conchita Sarnoff, an investigative journalist who, despite being bribed to stay silent, risked her life to expose the brutal reality of human trafficking. Sarnoff also wrote a book on the Epstein case called TrafficKing. “Why would a former president associate with a man like that?” Sarnoff asked. To read more about Epstein’s case, check out our CE article here. Numerous victims involved in elite sex rings and occult sex rituals have come forward, exposing high-level corruption related to human sex trafficking and pedophilia. One of the more recent victims to come forward is a woman named Kendall, who was sold at birth into a powerful, high-level international sex ring. You can read more about her story in our CE article here. How Does All of This Relate to Pop Culture? To be perfectly clear, PizzaGate and the previously discussed government scandals may not relate to pop culture whatsoever. Though there’s no question that the Illuminati and the elite are involved within the music industry, and that Monarch Mind Control and other CIA programs have played a role in creating/influencing music and media (all of which I will discuss later in this article), that doesn’t mean that there’s a direct link between these topics and pedophilia/sex rings. However, there have been instances of pedophilia and sex rings within the entertainment industry as a whole, and there have been suggestive symbols within music videos and other media posts, and that’s what will be discussed here. One of the best examples is actress/comedian Roseanne Barr, who has spoken out about the mind control that occurs in Hollywood. Roseanne explained in a Russia Today interview that those in Hollywood are subordinates to their “masters” (or the ruling elite) and that the fear-based culture that’s perpetuated within Hollywood is run entirely by the mind control program MK Ultra (read about it in our CE article here). MK Ultra was/is a CIA-sanctioned program that ran from the 1950s until the mid-1970s, though it allegedly continues today under the name Monarch Mind Control (MMC). Russia and China dumping US treasuries Posted in: Cayman Islands, China, Economics, European union, Finance, Ireland, ljf, USA. Leave a comment Silly Irish people, you do realize you are hitching your wagon to a lame horse, do you? © Jo Yong-Hak / Reuters Moscow and Beijing have cut their holdings in US Treasury securities. Russia sold $5.3 billion in January and has sunk to 16th place of the largest holders of American debt. It is the lowest level for the country since February last year. “We absolutely do not hold American securities exclusively. The main thing is that these securities should be liquid. So should be the state that issued them,” said Russian Finance Minister Anton Siluanov in an interview with NTV this week. Imminent collapse of US dollar & other major currencies will push gold to $10,000 – bullion analyst Russia also invests in the securities of European countries. “We are ready to invest in the securities issued by other sovereign states, the main thing is that they should be low-risk and accordingly bring income,” Siluanov said. China also got rid of American debt by selling nearly $17 billion in January. Although China is still the largest holder of US Treasuries, the total amount of Treasuries in its reserves has dropped to a minimum since July last year. One of the largest investors in US government bonds remains the Cayman Islands. The small tax-friendly country has invested almost $242 billion in the American debt, on par with a holder as large as the United Kingdom. The third-largest buyer of American debt is Ireland, investing $327.5 billion in US debt securities. Ireland is also considered a tax haven for American companies, and was involved in the Apple Inc. tax scandal. Coverup of Extensive War Crimes: 50th Anniversary of the My Lai Massacre Posted in: Crimes against humanity, Criminology, Military, Torture, USA, Vietnam, War, War crimes. Leave a comment http://www.globalresearch.ca By Dr. Gary G. Kohls and Prof Michel Chossudovsky Global Research, March 16, 2018 This article was first published on March 15, 2008 to commemorate the 4oth Anniversary of the My Lai Massacre In a bitter irony, Colin Powell, who was responsible for the coverup of the My Lai massacre acceded to a “brilliant” career in the Armed Forces. In 2001 he was appointed Secretary of State in the Bush administration. Although never indicted, Powell was also deeply implicated in the Iran-Contra affair. It is worth noting that Colin Powell was Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff at the time of the Gulf War, which resulted in the deaths of thousands of retreating Iraqi soldiers in what British war correspondent Felicity Arbuthnot entitled “Operation Desert Slaughter”. “The forty two day carpet bombing, enjoined by thirty two other countries, against a country of just twenty five million souls, with a youthful, conscript army, with broadly half the population under sixteen, and no air force, was just the beginning of a United Nations led, global siege of near mediaeval ferocity.” In the words of General Norman Schwartzkopf who led Operation Desert Slaughter “‘There was no one left to kill’… There have been many US sponsored My Lais since the Vietnam war. In a bitter irony, in 2018, Vietnam is now an “unofficial” military ally of the US against China Michel Chossudovsky. Global Research, March 15, 2008, March 16, 2018 (minor edits to the dates) Fifty years ago this week, on March 16, 1968, a company of US Army combat soldiers from the Americal Division swept into the South Vietnamese hamlet of My Lai, rounded up the 500+ unarmed, non-combatant residents, all women, children, babies and a few old men, and executed them in cold blood, Nazi-style. No weapons were found in the village, and the whole operation took only 4 hours. Although there was a serious attempt to cover-up this operation (which involved a young up-and-coming US Army Major named Colin Powell), those who orchestrated or participated in this “business-as-usual” war zone atrocity did not deny the details of the slaughter when the case came to trial several years later. But the story had filtered back to the Western news media, thanks to a couple of courageous eye-witnesses whose consciences were still intact. An Army court-marital trial eventually convened against a handful of the soldiers, including Lt. William Calley and Company C commanding officer, Ernest Medina. According to many of the soldiers in Company C, Medina ordered the killing of “every living thing in My Lai,” including, obviously, innocent noncombatants – men, women, children and even farm animals. Lt. Calley was charged with the murder of 109 civilians. In his defense statement he stated that he had been taught to hate all Vietnamese, even children, who, he had been told, “were very good at planting mines.” That a massacre had occurred was confirmed by many of Medina’s soldiers and recorded by photographers, but the Army still tried to cover it up. The cases were tried in military courts with juries of Army officers, who eventually either dropped the charges against all of the defendants (except Calley) or acquitted them. Medina and all the others who were among the killing soldiers that day went free, and only Calley was convicted of the murders of “at least 20 civilians.” He was sentenced to life imprisonment for his war crime, but, under pressure from patriotic pro-war Americans, President Nixon pardoned him within weeks of the verdict. The trial stimulated a lot of interest because it occurred during the rising outcry of millions of Americans against the infamous undeclared war that was acknowledged by many observers as an “overwhelming atrocity.” Ethical Americans were sick of the killing. However, 79% of those that were polled strenuously objected to Calley’s conviction, some veteran’s groups even voicing the opinion that instead of condemnation, he and his comrades should have received medals of honor for killing “Commie Gooks.” Just like the extermination camp atrocities of World War II, the realities of My Lai deserve to be revisited so that it will happen “never again.” The Vietnam War was an excruciating time for conscientious Americans because of the numerous moral issues surrounding the mass slaughter in a war that uselessly killed 58,000 American soldiers, caused the spiritual deaths of millions more, killed 3 million Vietnamese (mostly civilians) and psychologically traumatized countless others on both sides of the conflict. Of course the Vietnam War was a thousand times worse for the innocent people of that doomed land than it was for the soldiers. The Vietnamese people were victims of an army of brutal young men from a foreign land who were taught that the “little yellow people” were pitiful sub-humans and deserved to be killed – with some GIs preferring to inflict torture first. “Kill-or-be-killed” is a reality that is standard operating procedure for military combat units of every nation of every era and of every ideology. Vietnam veterans tell me that there were scores, maybe hundreds, of “My Lai-type massacres “ during that war. Not surprisingly, the Pentagon refuses to acknowledge that truth. Execution-style killings of “potential” Viet Cong sympathizers (i.e., anybody that wasn’t a US military supporter) were common. Many combat units “took no prisoners” (a euphemism for murdering captives, rather than having to follow the nuisance Geneva Conventions which requires humane treatment for prisoners of war). The only unusual thing about the My Lai Massacre was that it was eventually found out. The attempted Pentagon cover-up failed but justice was still not done. Very few soldiers or their commanding officers have ever been punished for the many war crimes that occurred during that war because those in charge knew that killing (and torturing) of innocent civilians during war-time is simply the norm – excused as “collateral damage.” After all, as US Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld later infamously proclaimed, “stuff happens.” The torture was enjoyable for some – for awhile (witness Auschwitz yesterday and Abu Graib and Guantanamo Bay today). And wars are profitable for many – and still are (witness the Krupp family of Nazi-era infamy and Halliburton, the Blackwater mercenaries, et al. today). The whole issue of the justification of war, with its inherent atrocities, never seems to be thoroughly examined in an atmosphere of openness and historical honesty. Full understanding of the realities of war and its spiritual, psychological and economic consequences for the victims is rarely attempted. If we who are non-soldiers ever truly experienced the horrors of combat, the effort to abolish war would suddenly be a top priority (perhaps even for the current crop of “Chicken Hawk” warmongers in the Bush Administration). If we actually knew the gruesome realities of war (or even understood the immorality of spending trillions of dollars on war preparation while hundreds of millions of people are homeless and starving) we would refuse to cooperate with the things that make for war. But that wouldn’t be good for the war profiteers. So those “merchants of death” must hide the gruesome truths and try instead to make war seem patriotic and honorable, with flag-waving sloganeering like “Be All That You Can Be.” Or they might try to convince the soon-to-be-childless mothers of doomed, dead or dying soldiers that their child had died fighting for God, Country and Honor instead of domination of the Middle East’s oil reserves. Let’s face it. The US military standing army system has been bankrupting America at $500+ billion year after year after year – even in times of so-called “peace.” The warmongering legacy of the Pentagon is still with us, particularly among those “patriots” including GOP presidential candidate John McCain, who wanted to “nuke the gooks” in Vietnam. A multitude of un-elected policy-makers of that ilk are still in charge of US foreign policy today, and they have been solidifying their power to continue America’s misbegotten, unaffordable and unsustainable militarism with the huge profits made off the deaths, screams, blood, guts and permanent disabilities of those hood-winked soldiers who were told that they were ”saving the world for democracy” when in fact they were making the world safe for exploitive capitalism and obscene profits for the few. And the politicians entrenched in both major political parties, who are all-too-often paid lapdogs for the war profiteers, don’t want the gravy train to be derailed. Things haven’t changed much even from the World War II mentality that conveniently overlooked the monstrous evil that was perpetrated on tens of thousands of unarmed, innocent civilians at Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, a war crime so heinous that the psychological consequences, immune deficiency disorders and cancers from that nuclear holocaust are still being experienced in unimaginable suffering 6 decades later. Things haven’t really changed when one witnesses the political mentality that allows the 500,000 deaths of innocent Iraqi civilians in the aftermath of the first Gulf War or the 1,000,000 civilian deaths in the current fiasco in Iraq. So it appears that our military and political leaders haven’t learned anything since My Lai. The people sitting next to you at work are, like most unaware Americans, almost totally ignorant of the hellish realities of the war-zone, so they may continue to be blindly patriotic and indifferent to the plight of the “others” who suffer so much in war. They may think that some people are less than human, and, therefore, if necessary, can be justifiably killed “for Volk, Fuhrer und Vaterland.” As long as most American citizens continue to glorify war and militarism and ignore or denigrate the peacemakers; as long as the American public endorses the current spirit of nationalism and ruthless global capitalism; and as long as the America’s political leadership remains prudently silent (and therefore consenting to the homicidal violence of war) we will not be able to effect a change away from the influence of conscienceless war-mongers and war profiteers. The prophets and peacemakers are never valued in militarized nations, especially in times of war; indeed, they are always marginalized, demeaned and even imprisoned as traitors. And one of the reasons is that there are no profits to be made in peacemaking, whereas there are trillions to be made in the biggest business going: the preparation for war, the execution of war and the highly profitable “re-building” efforts (“blow it up/build it up” economics), all the while ignoring the “inconvenient” but inevitable collateral damage to the creation and its creatures. As long as we continue to be led by unapologetic and merciless war-makers and their wealthy business cronies and as long as the ethical infants in Washington, DC continue to be corrupted by the big money bribes, there is no chance America will ever obtain true peace. And unless America stops the carnage, fully repents and offers compensation for the damage it has done, its turn as a recipient of retaliatory violence will surely come, and it will come from those foreign and domestic victims that our nation’s leaders have treated so shamefully over the past half-century. March 2008 – Gary G. Kohls, MD, Duluth, MN Copyright © Dr. Gary G. Kohls and Prof Michel Chossudovsky, Global Research, 2018 The single biggest preventable risk factor for developing dementia is overuse of alcohol, according to major new study Posted in: Addictions, Alcohol and drugs, Alcoholism, Dementia, Mortality. Leave a comment “WHO identifies alcohol consumption as the root cause of more than 200 diseases and injuries, including mental and behavioral disorders.” by: Edsel Cook A major Canadian observational study identified alcohol use disorders as the biggest risk factor for the onset of dementia. It’s also the most preventable factor, so people wary of early-onset dementia can avoid it by controlling their alcohol intake, reported a ScienceDaily article. Implemented by the Center for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and published in The Lancet Public Health journal, the study took a very close look at the effect of alcohol use disorders. To this end, it canvassed the health records of more than a million French citizens. The study included patients with mental and behavioral disorders or chronic diseases caused by chronic heavy drinking. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “chronic heavy drinking” is defined as the daily consumption of more than 60 grams of pure alcohol for men and 40 grams for women. WHO identifies alcohol consumption as the root cause of more than 200 diseases and injuries, including mental and behavioral disorders. For their study, CAMH researchers viewed 57,000 cases of early-onset dementia, where the patient developed dementia before turning 65. They found that 57 percent of these cases were linked to chronic heavy drinking. The significant association between chronic heavy drinking and dementia led the authors to suggest several actions that would reduce the burden of dementia attributed to alcohol. They believed screening, brief interventions for heavy drinking, and treatment for alcohol use disorders would be highly effective in curbing the onset of dementia. “The findings indicate that heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders are the most important risk factors for dementia, and especially important for those types of dementia which start before age 65, and which lead to premature deaths,” remarked Dr. Jürgen Rehm, the co-author of the massive study and Director of the CAMH Institute for Mental Health Policy Research. He warned that alcohol use disorders have been proven to reduce life expectancy by more than 20 years. He identified dementia as a major cause of death for people who suffered from alcohol-related disorders. “Alcohol-induced brain damage and dementia are preventable, and known-effective preventive and policy measures can make a dent into premature dementia deaths,” Dr. Rehm proposed. (Related: Majority of people consider alcohol more harmful than marijuana, according to recent survey.) More women suffer from dementia, but more men get early-onset dementia Dr. Rehm and his team identified a major gender split for early-onset dementia patients. Women comprised the majority of dementia patients, but two out of every three early-onset dementia patients turned out to be men. Other independent risk factors for the onset of dementia included smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, depression, and hearing loss. These factors are also linked to alcohol use disorders. The data from the study imply that alcohol use disorders can increase the risk of dementia in more ways than one. “As a geriatric psychiatrist, I frequently see the effects of alcohol use disorder on dementia, when unfortunately alcohol treatment interventions may be too late to improve cognition,” said Dr. Bruce Pollock, co-author and Vice-President of Research for CAMH. Much like his colleague, Dr. Pollock advised treating the alcohol use disorder ahead of time before dementia takes over. “Screening for and reduction of problem drinking, and treatment for alcohol use disorders need to start much earlier in primary care,” he said. One limitation of the study was that it only covered the most severe cases of alcohol use disorder. The authors explained that they focused on cases that required hospitalization. Patients are often reluctant to report alcohol-related problems due to social stigma regarding alcoholics. The correlation between alcoholism and dementia could be even higher than the study has shown. More health-related news can be found in Health.news. Different paths to the same goal: Vegetarian and Mediterranean diets both proven to prevent heart disease Posted in: Food, Food as medicine, Health, Longetivity, Medicine, Mediterranean diet, Nutrition, Obesity. Leave a comment “There are several contenders for best diet for your heart, but two of the leading options are the lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (excludes meat and fish but includes eggs and dairy) and the Mediterranean diet (rich in vegetables, fruit, wholegrains, fish and poultry, and includes red wine and some red meat).” by: Tracey Watson Heart disease claims more American lives than any other disease. A quarter of all deaths in our country are caused by heart disease. Close to 800,000 people have a first heart attack each year, and it kills over half a million people annually. There are many theories about how best to prevent coronary conditions, but it is generally understood that there is a clear link between obesity and heart disease, and the best way to prevent it is to maintain a healthy weight. This naturally leads to the question of how best to accomplish this goal. There are several contenders for best diet for your heart, but two of the leading options are the lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (excludes meat and fish but includes eggs and dairy) and the Mediterranean diet (rich in vegetables, fruit, wholegrains, fish and poultry, and includes red wine and some red meat). As reported by Science Daily, a recent study by researchers from the University of Florence and Careggi University Hospital in Italy has made the surprising discovery that both these diets effectively reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The study was published in Circulation, the journal of the American Heart Association. The study included 107 volunteers aged between 18 and 75 who were all overweight but otherwise healthy. Half the participants were assigned to follow a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet, while the other half followed the Mediterranean way of eating. After three months, the volunteers were asked to switch to the opposite eating plan for a further three months. (Related: Vegetarian diets found to be the most effective way to lose weight, reveals new study.) Irrespective of which diet they followed, the participants all lost around 3 pounds of body fat and 4 pounds of overall weight. Their body mass indexes (BMIs) also changed by about the same amount. There were other fundamental differences between the volunteers’ results, however. Those who followed the vegetarian diet were more successful at lowering their LDL, or “bad” cholesterol levels, while those who had followed the Mediterranean diet experienced greater reductions in triglyceride levels. Triglycerides are a type of fat lipid in the blood, and elevated levels are an indicator of an increased risk of heart disease. “The take-home message of our study is that a low-calorie lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet can help patients reduce cardiovascular risk about the same as a low-calorie Mediterranean diet,” said Francesco Sofi, the study’s lead author. “People have more than one choice for a heart-healthy diet.” (Related: Mediterranean diet, olive oil and nuts improve brain health, memory and thinking ability.) Cheryl A. M. Anderson, an associate professor of preventive medicine at the University of California, San Diego, who was not involved in the study but who wrote an editorial accompanying it, noted that one possible reason for the similarity in results between the two eating plans is that both include a rich variety of fruits, vegetables, wholegrains, nuts and legumes. Both plans also limit saturated fats and are rich in an array of nutrients. (Related: Discover the myriad benefits of good food at Nutrients.news.) The study results are limited, however, in that none of the participants was at high risk of heart disease at the time the study was conducted. Anderson noted that further studies would need to be undertaken to evaluate whether patients at higher risk of cardiovascular disease would also benefit in a similar way to following one of these eating plans. She also noted that further investigation should be undertaken to see whether other diets, including those that “emphasize fresh foods and limit sugars, saturated fats, and sodium can prevent and manage obesity and cardiovascular diseases” just as effectively. MayoClinic.org CardioSmart.org	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2798
__label__wiki	0.648847	0.648847	FBAR U.S. District Court Flatly Denies Claims of Injury under FATCA and Title 31-FBAR Reporting Requirements: Upholds FATCA, IGAs and the FBAR Requirements to Encourage Tax Compliance and “Combat Tax Evasion” Posted on October 1, 2015 Updated on October 2, 2015 There has been a case floating around since a complaint was filed this summer by Senator Rand Paul (current Presidential candidate) and various other current and former U.S. citizens including a Mr. Kisch who is resident in Toronto, Canada and a Mr. Crawford who lives in Albania; along with other individuals. Crawford v. United States Dep’t of the Treasury, 2015 U.S. Dist. The complaint asked for declaratory and injunctive relief. The District Court granted neither and dismissed the case in favor of the government in a bold fashion upholding FATCA and FBAR/Title 31 reporting and information requirements. Importantly, the Court concluded by saying ” . . . The FATCA statute, the IGAs, and the FBAR requirements encourage compliance with tax laws, combat tax evasion, and deter the use of foreign accounts to engage in criminal activity. A preliminary injunction would harm these efforts and intrude upon the province of Congress and the President to determine how best to achieve these policy goals.” See a prior post regarding how FATCA affects United States citizens (USCs) and lawful permanent residents (LPRs) residing outside the U.S.; as was the case of many of the complainants in the case, Part 1- Unintended Consequences of FATCA – for USCs and LPRs Living Outside the U.S., posted August 13, 2014. Also, the tax publication/resource, Tax Analysts summarized the original complaint (which can be read in its entirety here) as follows: The FATCA suit makes the following claims: the IGAs are unconstitutional sole executive agreements because they exceed the scope of the president’s independent constitutional powers, and because they override FATCA; the heightened reporting requirements for foreign financial accounts deny U.S. citizens living abroad the equal protection of the laws; the FATCA FFI penalty, passthrough penalty, and willfulness penalty are all unconstitutional under the excessive fines clause; FATCA’s information reporting requirements are unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment; and the IGAs’ information reporting requirements are also unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment. See, complete Tax Note’s article of July 15, 2015: Sen. Paul Files Lawsuit Challenging FATCA, by William R. Davis and Andrew Velarde. Not unsurprisingly, the District Court ruled in favor of the government and dismissed the majority of the claims by a finding that the parties lacked standing to bring the suit and that ” . . . The FATCA statute, the IGAs, and the FBAR requirements encourage compliance with tax laws . . .” Some highlights of the Court’s opinion [with my emphasis added] are set out below: A. FATCA Statute and Regulations Congress passed the Foreign Accounts Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) in 2010 to improve compliance with tax laws by U.S. taxpayers holding foreign accounts. FATCA accomplishes this through two forms of reporting: (1) by foreign financial institutions (FFIs) about financial accounts held by U.S. taxpayers or foreign entities in which U.S. taxpayers hold a substantial ownership interest, 26 U.S.C. § 1471; and, (2) by U.S. taxpayers about their interests in certain foreign financial accounts and offshore assets. 26 U.S.C. § 6038D. President Obama signed FATCA into law on March 18, 2010. Senator Carl Levin, a co-sponsor of the FATCA legislation, declared that “offshore tax abuses [targeted by FATCA] cost the federal treasury an estimated $100 billion in lost tax revenues annually” 156 Cong. Rec. 5 S1745-01 (2010). FATCA became law as the IRS began its Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program (OVDP), which since 2009 has allowed U.S. taxpayers with undisclosed overseas assets to disclose them and pay reduced penalties. By 2014, the OVDP collected $6.5 billion through voluntary disclosures from 45,000 participants. “IRS Makes Changes to Offshore Programs; Revisions Ease Burden and Help More Taxpayers Come into Compliance,” http://www.irs.gov/uac/Newsroom/IRS-Makes-Changes-to-Offshore-Programs;-Revisions-Ease-Burden-and-Help-More-Taxpayers-Come-into-Compliance (last visited Sept. 15, 2015). The success of the voluntary program has likely been enhanced by the existence of FATCA. C. Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Account The third body of law at issue in this case pertains to the Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Account (FBAR) requirements. U.S. persons who hold a financial account in a foreign country that exceeds $10,000 in aggregate value must file an FBAR with the Treasury Department reporting the account. See 31 U.S.C. § 5314; 31 C.F.R. § 1010.350; 31 C.F.R. § 1010.306(c). The current FBAR form is FinCEN Form 114. The form has been due by June 30 of each year regarding accounts held during the previous calendar year. § 1010.306(c). Beginning with the 2016 tax year, the due date of the form will be April 15. Pub. L. No. 114-41, § 2006(b)(11). A person who fails to file a required FBAR may be assessed a civil monetary penalty. 31 U.S.C. § 5321(a)(5)(A). The amount of the penalty is capped at $10,000 unless the failure was willful. See 5321(a)(5)(B)(i), (C). A willful failure to file increases the maximum penalty to $100,000 or half the value in the account at the time of the violation, whichever is greater. § 5321(a)(5)(C). In either case, whether to impose the penalty and the amount of the penalty are committed to the Secretary’s discretion. See § 5321(a)(5)(A) (“The Secretary of the Treasury may impose a civil money penalty[.]”) & § 5321(a)(5)(B) (“[T]he amount of any civil penalty . . . shall not exceed” the statutory ceiling). Plaintiffs seek to enjoin enforcement of the willful FBAR penalty under § 5321(a)(5). Prayer for Relief, part Q. They also ask for an injunction against “the FBAR account-balance reporting requirement” of FinCen Form 114. Prayer for Relief, part W. The Government asserts that the information in the FBAR assists law enforcement and the IRS in identifying unreported taxable income of U.S. taxpayers that is held in foreign accounts as well as investigating money laundering and terrorism. Mark Crawford decries his bank’s policy against taking U.S. citizens as clients and claims the denial of his application for a brokerage account may have “impacted Mark financially,” ¶ 21, any such harm is not fairly traceable to an action by Defendants, which are not responsible for decisions that foreign banks make about whom to accept as clients. Crawford cannot establish standing indirectly when third parties are the causes of his alleged injuries. See Shearson, 725 F.3d at 592. Moreover, his discomfort with complying with the disclosures required by FATCA, see ¶23, does not establish the concrete, particularized harm that confers standing to sue. See, e.g., Lujan, 504 U.S. at 561 (requiring “concrete and particularized” and “actual or imminent” injury). Even if Crawford fears “unconstitutionally excessive fines imposed by 31 U.S.C. § 5321 if he willfully fails to file an FBAR,” ¶ 24, there is no allegation that he failed to file any FBAR that may have been required, much less that the Government has assessed an “excessive” FBAR penalty against him. Any harm that may come his way from imagined future events is speculative and cannot form the foundation for his lawsuit. None of the allegations states that Kuettel is presently being harmed by FATCA or the Swiss IGA, and neither FATCA nor the IGA apply to him as a non-U.S. citizen. See ¶¶ 51-58. His assertion of past harm because he was “mostly unsuccessful” in refinancing his mortgage due to FATCA does not convey standing. If that was a harm, it was due to actions of third-party foreign banks not those of Defendants. Regardless, having now renounced his American citizenship and obtained refinancing on terms he found acceptable, any past harm is not redressable here. See Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200, 210-11 (1995) (“[T]he fact of past injury . . . does nothing to establish a real and immediate threat that he would again suffer similar injury in the future.” (quotation omitted)). This leaves Kuettel’s claims concerning the FBAR requirement, in Counts 3 and 6, for which the Government concedes Kuettel has standing. Response, ECF 16, at 15, PAGEID 216. Donna-Lane Nelson is a citizen of Switzerland who has also renounced her U.S. citizenship. ¶ 59. She alleges that her Swiss bank “notified her that she would not be able to open a new account if she ever closed her existing one because she was an American. Fearing that she would eventually not be able to bank in the country where she lived, she decided to relinquish her U.S. citizenship.” ¶ 65. After she renounced, a Swiss bank “offered investment opportunities that were not available to her as an American.” Id. She “resents having to provide” “explanations” to Swiss banks that have requested information on her past U.S. citizenship and payments to her daughter, who lives in the United States, and she sees “threats implied by these requests which appear to be prompted by FATCA.” ¶ 68. Like other Plaintiffs, Nelson does not want to disclose financial information to the Government, and she fears willful FBAR penalties, even though no such penalty has been imposed or threatened against her. ¶¶ 69, 70. Unlike the preceding Plaintiffs, however, she adds that she fears the 30% withholding tax may be imposed against her “if her business partner,” who is now her husband, and with whom she has joint accounts, “opts to become a recalcitrant account holder.” ¶ L. Marc Zell states that he is a practicing attorney and a citizen of both the United States and Israel who lives in Israel. He alleges that: (1) he and his firm have been required by Israeli banking institutions to complete IRS withholding forms for individuals whose funds his firm holds in trust, regardless of whether the forms are legally required, causing certain clients to leave his firm, ¶¶ 79 & 81; (2) Israeli banks have required his firm to close accounts, refused to open others, and requested conduct contrary to banking regulations, ¶¶ 79-80; and, (3) the compelled disclosure of his fiduciary relationship with clients impinges on the attorney-client relationship, ¶ 82. On request of clients, who claim their rights are violated by FATCA, Zell “has decided not to comply with the FATCA disclosure requirements whenever that alternative exists.” ¶ 83. He fears that the FATCA 30% withholding tax on pass-through payments to recalcitrant account holders could be imposed due to his refusal to provide identifying information about a client to an Israeli bank. ¶ He also has refused to provide information to his own bank and “fears that he will be classified as a recalcitrant account holder,” ¶ 85. Like the other Plaintiffs, he does not want his financial information disclosed, ¶ 86, and fears an FBAR penalty if the IRS determines that he willfully failed to file an FBAR, ¶ 87. The majority of Zell’s allegations concern conduct of Israeli banks and his belief that the actions have been unfair to him or his clients. But conduct of third parties (even if related to the banks’ compliance with FATCA) does not confer standing to bring suit against Defendants. See, e.g., Ammex Inc. v. United States, 367 F.3d 530, 533 (6th Cir. 2004). Nor may Zell seek redress on behalf of third parties who have allegedly suffered harm, including unidentified clients. See Warth v. Seldin, 422 U.S. 490, 499 (1975). The third parties who have allegedly suffered harm are not plaintiffs, thus, alleged harm to them does not provide a basis for Zell to maintain this suit. The contention that disclosure of the identity of clients for whom Zell holds funds in trust violates the attorney-client privilege is also without merit. He gives no example of harm that has occurred or how he was harmed by disclosure of clients’ identities. He cannot raise the attorney-client privilege on his clients’ behalf, nor is the fact of representation privileged. See In re Special Sept. 1978 Grand Jury (II), 640 F.2d 49, 62 (7th Cir. 1980) (“[A]ttorney-client privilege belongs to the client alone[.]”); United States v. Robinson, 121 F.3d 971, 976 (5th Cir. 1997) (“The fact of representation . . . is generally not within the privilege.”). It is the fiduciary relationship, not the attorney-client relationship, that is the basis for the reporting requirement. “We begin, of course, with the presumption that the challenged statute”—FATCA—“is valid. Its wisdom is not the concern of the courts; if a challenged action does not violate the Constitution, it must be sustained[.]” INS v. Chadha, 426 U.S. 919, 944 (1983); see also National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius 132 S. Ct. 2566, 2594 (2012) (“‘[E]very reasonable construction must be resorted to, in order to save a statute from unconstitutionality.’” (quoting Hooper v. California, 155 U.S. 648, 657 (1895))). Plaintiffs decry that U.S. citizens living in foreign countries are in this manner treated differently than U.S. citizens living in the United States. According to Plaintiffs, the federal government has no legitimate interest in knowing the amount of any income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit recognized on a foreign account, whether a foreign account was opened or closed during the year, or the balance of a foreign account. Plaintiffs contend that the “heightened reporting requirements” imposed by FATCA, the FBAR information-reporting requirements, and the Canadian, Swiss, Czech, and Israeli IGAs, violate the Fifth Amendment rights of “U.S. citizens living in a foreign country” and should be enjoined. See Complaint ¶¶ 124-130 Plaintiffs’ equal protection claims fail because the statutes, regulations, and executive agreements that they challenge simply do not make the classification they assert. None of the challenged provisions single out U.S. citizens living abroad. Instead, all Americans with specified foreign bank accounts or assets are subject to reporting requirements, no matter where they happen to live. The provisions Plaintiffs contend discriminate against “U.S. citizens living abroad” actually apply to all U.S. taxpayers, no matter their residence. The distinction that the regulations do make is rationally related to a legitimate government interest. The U.S. tax system is based in large part on voluntary compliance: taxpayers are expected to disclose their sources of income annually on their federal tax returns. The information reporting required by FATCA is intended to address the use of offshore accounts to facilitate tax evasion, and to strengthen the integrity of the voluntary compliance system by placing U.S. taxpayers that have access to offshore investment opportunities in an equal position with U.S. taxpayers that invest within the United States. Third party information reporting is an important tool used by the IRS to close the tax gap between taxes due and taxes paid. The knowledge that financial institutions will also be disclosing information about an account encourages individuals to properly disclose their income on their tax returns. See Leandra Lederman, Statutory Speed Bumps: The Roles Third Parties Play in Tax Compliance, 60 STAN. L. REV. 695, 711 (2007). Unlike most countries, U.S. taxpayers are subject to tax on their worldwide income, and their investments have become increasingly global in scope. Absent the FATCA reporting by FFIs, some U.S. taxpayers may attempt to evade U.S. tax by hiding money in offshore accounts where, prior to FATCA, they were not subject to automatic reporting to the IRS by FFIs. The information required to be reported, including payments made or credited to the account and the balance or value of the account is to assist the IRS in determining previously unreported income and the value of such information is based on experience from the DOJ prosecution of offshore tax evasion. See Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations bipartisan report on “Offshore Tax Evasion: The Effort to Collect Unpaid Taxes on Billions in Hidden Offshore Accounts,” February 26, 2014; see also Cal. Bankers Ass’n v. Shultz, 416 U.S. 21, 29 (1974) (“when law enforcement personnel are confronted with the secret foreign bank account or the secret foreign financial institution they are placed in an impossible situation…they must subject themselves to time consuming and often times fruitless foreign legal process.”). The FBAR reporting requirements, likewise, have a rational basis. As the Supreme Court noted in California Bankers, when Congress enacted the Bank Secrecy Act (which provides the statutory basis for the FBAR), it “recognized that the use of financial institutions, both domestic and foreign, in furtherance of activities designed to evade the regulatory mechanism of the United States, had markedly increased.” Id. at 38. The Government has a legitimate interest in collecting information about foreign accounts, including account balances held by U.S. citizens, for the same reason that it requires reporting of information on U.S.-based accounts. The information assists law enforcement and the IRS, among other things, in identifying unreported taxable income of U.S. taxpayers that is held in foreign accounts. Without FBAR reporting, the Government’s efforts to track financial crime and tax evasion would be hampered. In Count Six, Plaintiffs contend that the FBAR “Willfullness Penalty” is unconstitutional under the Excessive Fines Clause. Plaintiffs decry that 26 U.S.C. § 5321 imposes a penalty of up to $100,000 or 50% of the balance of the account at the time of the violation, whichever is greater, for failures to file an FBAR as required by 26 U.S.C. § 5314 (the FBAR “Willfulness Penalty”). 31 U.S.C. § 5321(b)(5)(C)(i). 31 Plaintiffs allege the Willfulness Penalty is designed to punish and is therefore subject to the Excessive Fines Clause. Plaintiffs further allege the Willfulness Penalty is grossly disproportionate to the gravity of the offense. Plaintiffs’ Eighth Amendment claims, however, are not ripe for adjudication because no withholding or FBAR penalty has been imposed against any Plaintiff . . . Plaintiffs have failed to establish that they are entitled to a preliminary injunction . . . The FATCA statute, the IGAs, and the FBAR requirements encourage compliance with tax laws, combat tax evasion,37 and deter the use of foreign accounts to engage in criminal activity. A preliminary injunction would harm these efforts and intrude upon the province of Congress and the President to determine how best to achieve these policy goals. Thus, Plaintiffs’ Motion for Preliminary Injunction, ECF 8, is DENIED. DONE and ORDERED in Dayton, Ohio, this Tuesday, September 29, 2015. Crawford v. U.S. Department of Treasury, 15-cv-00250, U.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio (Dayton). For those U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents residing outside the U.S. who expected the Courts to be sympathetic to their legal arguments somehow invalidating Chapter 4/FATCA and the FBAR filing requirements under Title 31, they will surely be disappointed by the result. This entry was posted in Criminal Tax Considerations, FATCA - Chapter 4, FBAR and Title 31, Penalties, Tax Compliance, Tax Policy and tagged chapter 4 withholding, citizenship renunciations, citizenship taxation, combat tax evasion, Constitutional FATCA, criminal tax, FATCA, FBAR, policy of Congress and the President, U.S. citizens tax compliance. The Intersection of U.S. Federal Tax Law with Collection of International Information – Including other Federal Agencies For decades, the IRS largely worked in a vacuum, relative to other government agencies. Changes started in earnest in 2003 after September 11, 2001, when Congress past various anti-terrorism laws. For details of the history and how and when the IRS became responsible for these functions, the IRS Internal Revenue Manual has a detailed explanation – Part 4, Chapter 26, Section 5. Bank Secrecy Act History and Law In April 2003, the IRS became in charge of civil enforcement of foreign account information under Title 31. See IRM, Part 4, Chapter 26, Section 16. Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR). The world has changed dramatically in these past few years and the IRS no longer works in such a vacuum. For a history of foreign bank and Congressional influences, see, How Congressional Hearings (Particularly In the Senate) Drive IRS and Justice Department Behavior Today there are a host of governmental inter-agency activities along with foreign government exchanges of information; e.g., DHS, Department of State, ICE, USCIS, foreign government exchanges of information under FATCA IGAs, a plethora of federal “intelligence agencies” for “terrorism related requests” as identified in IRM pursuant to IRC Section 6103(i), foreign governments under tax treaty exchanges, among many others. The law is not even clear as to which agencies qualify as “intelligence agencies” as they are not identified in the statute and many are presumably classified organizations. Who is an “intelligence agency” for purposes of the statute? The following is a list of some of the intelligence agencies that are presumably included in the federal tax statute Section 6103(i)(7): United States Intelligence Community Director of National Intelligence National Intelligence Council [NIC] National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) National Counterintelligence Executive [NCIX] Official Central Intelligence Agency Official National Security Agency Official National Reconnaissance Office Official National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Official Defense Intelligence Agency Official Federal Bureau of Investigation Official Department of Homeland Security Office of Intelligence and Analysis Official Other Defense Department Assistant to the Secretary for Intelligence Oversight Official Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Official Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration Official Defense Information Systems Agency Official Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Official Defense Protective Service Official Defense Security Service Official US Special Operations Command Official Army Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence Intelligence and Security Command Naval Security Group Command Naval Criminal Investigative Service Official Marine Corps Official Air Force Technical Applications Center Air Intelligence Agency Official Other Federal Agencies President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board Office of National Drug Control Policy Official Office of Intelligence Official Justice Intelligence Coordinating Council OIG – Office of the Inspector General DEA – Drug Enforcement Administration NDIC – National Drug Intelligence Center USNCB – U.S. National Central Bureau Official INR – Bureau of Intelligence & Research INL – Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs CT – Counterterrorism Office DS – Bureau of Diplomatic Security Official Office of Intelligence Support Office of the Under Secretary (Enforcement) FINCEN – Financial Crimes Enforcement FLETC – Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Official Information Security Oversight Office Official A less secret organization is the Social Security Administration which now increasingly intersect with the work of the IRS. Also, the Department of State now provides warnings on its Passport applications about tax consequences and requirements of social security numbers (“SSN”s). See also how in an Application for a U.S. Passport there are now specifically references IRC Section 6039E. Finally, see also how on the last page (page 28) of currently issued U.S. Passport (“Book“) and paragraph D that explains generally the taxation obligations of citizenship. This entry was posted in Collateral Consequences - Non-Tax, Criminal Tax Considerations, FATCA - Chapter 4, FBAR and Title 31, Immigration Law Considerations, Tax Compliance, Tax Policy and tagged FBAR, intelligence agencies, Social security administration, tax compliance.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2800
__label__cc	0.58132	0.41868	How Much is Vitalik Buterin Worth? By Keith May 13, 2018 Leave a comment Raised in Canada by Russian parents, Vitalik Buterin is the biggest celebrity within the blockchain space. When he was just 21 years old he created Ethereum, the world’s second largest cryptocurrecncy behind Bitcoin. Explained simply, it is an open-source platform powered by blockchain technology that enables developers to build and host decentralized applications. Ethereum’s market cap… The State of the Mobile Games Industry Twenty years ago, you would have been lucky to find a games tab on your pocket mobile phone at all, let alone such a coveted title as Snake or Pac-man. If you wanted entertainment while on the go back then you would have had to resort to other means, like a portable DVD player, a… 5 Promising Cryptocurrencies to Watch in 2018! Over the last 12 months cryptocurrency mania has taken over the internet with everyone getting involved hoping to invest in the next Bitcoin. The problem is there are thousands of altcoins available and 95% of them are worthless! In addition, crypto markets have been unstable in recent months with investors making and losing thousands overnight.… GamingMobile Why Are Mobile Games So Popular? By Keith May 9, 2018 Leave a comment Have you ever been scrolling down your Facebook or internet news feed and notice how many adverts and pop-ups occur that show off the latest and greatest mobile game apps? There are literally hundreds of mobile games being advertised no matter where you look and there’s a good reason: mobile games a fun. People love… The Rain Netflix Season One – Unanswered Questions! The Rain is another binge worthy Netflix original that is streaming on the platform as of May 4th. As the title suggests, it’s about killer rain containing a deadly virus that wipes out nearly all of Denmark’s population. The series plot will be familiar to Walking Dead fans, a post-apocalyptic scenario where people are fighting… Stranger Things Season 3: The Latest News! Unless you’ve lived in a cave or perhaps the upside down for the past two years, you’ve heard of Stranger Things. Just like Dark, this Netflix original has become something of a cult hit, building a large fan base that are obsessed with the series. It combines horror, sci-fi, drama and just a touch of… 192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2801
__label__wiki	0.537234	0.537234	I Can’t Work Like This: On the Art of Boycotting Tori Abernathy “The society that separates its scholars from its warriors will have its thinking done by cowards and its fighting by fools.” Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War I Can’t Work Like This is a reader on boycotts in contemporary art published by Sternberg Press in early 2017. The publication results from a workshop led by the editor, Joanna Warsza, at the Salzburg International Summer Academy of Fine Arts in 2015 where many of the twenty participants now serve as as co-editors. As the curator of public programs for Manifesta 10, Warsza notes that she found herself in a difficult place; she “empathized with the claims of the boycotters, yet [she] didn’t think that quitting was an option. [She] felt that the show must go on, but it should not go on undisturbed.”1 The workshop was later organized in an effort to grapple with the ongoing debacle over whether ‘to continue’, and if so, when and how. The course and the corresponding text address the popularity of the boycott within recent biennials by looking closely at four case studies: 13th Istanbul Biennial in 2013, Manifesta 10 in St. Petersburg in 2014, 19th Biennale of Sydney in 2014, and 31st Bienal de Sao Paulo in 2014. The release event for I Can’t Work Like This held at Proqm in Berlin took place on the evening of the 28th of March, only eleven days after the artist Parker Bright stood in protest wearing a t-shirt, sharpie emblazoned with ‘BLACK DEATH SPECTACLE’ in front of a painting by a white woman of Emmett Till’s mutilated corpse, and only a week after Hannah Black published an open letter to the curators and staff of the Whitney Biennale calling for the paintings’ removal and destruction. On August 28th, 1955, Emmett Till was lynched at the age of fourteen after being accused of flirting with a white woman. In an interview with Andrew Goldstein of Artnet regarding the perplexing decision to create such a work in our time, the artist admitted “I always had issues with making this painting, everything about it. And it is still uncertain for me.” When asked if the public reaction to the painting would influence the future of her artistic practice she responded “I’m sure it has to.” I still have so many questions; like for one, how even can you? But also, seeing as the painting was for some reason not removed from the exhibition as a direct result of the public outcry, what can we learn from the successes and failures within the history of boycotts inside and outside the sphere of contemporary art that might make our campaigns more successful? Or, at least, what can we learn that will embolden us in the future? With these questions in mind, I eagerly headed over to the release event in Mitte. Despite the fact that the controversy was very much on the lips of the internationalist crowd between puffs of cigarettes before the official discussion began, the goings-on failed to be covered in any meaningful way aside from a cursory mention of how ‘topical’ the discussion was that week. This was troubling, but unfortunately not unexpected. That is, it is not surprising for the space of critical discourse within the arts community in Berlin to fall short of having any relevance to real actions going on in the world, apparently not even when those actions actually impact art world elites. The event featured brief presentations by Warsza as well as three of the publication’s contributors. Ahmet Öğüt, artist and ‘sociocultural initiator’ opened by discussing the successes of the boycott at the Biennale of Sydney in 2014 and emphasized the collective nature of this boycott, citing the solidarity with simultaneous local struggles as a contributor to the boycott’s success. Tirdad Zolghadr noted that artists are inherently already complicit in the structures of power the boycott seeks to address, and that it would behoove them to learn to ‘stop disidentifying with power’. Julieta Aranda, contributing editor of e-flux, reminded us that as calls for boycotts continue to mount and their sexiness soars, there must still be those of us willing to set roots through practices grounded in building the kind of world we wish to see. As a post-studio approach to artmaking becomes normalized, artists and cultural workers increasingly experience an implicit pressure to derive a sense of authorship from the actions they perform in daily life. The declaration of an auteur is integral for the artist to position themselves in the art market. How does this requirement impact the effectiveness of the boycott in contemporary art? Can we use the term ‘boycott’ to describe the process of artists refusing to present their work in the context of the biennale, if the arts are produced under conditions of ‘sponsorship’ that is related to, but distinct from that of ‘ownership’? The first to speak, Öğüt offered a basic timeline and overview of the protests leading up to the 19th Biennale of Sydney, where nine artists planned to withdraw their participation in response to calls from local activists to boycott the biennale due to its relationship with Transfield Services Ltd. On February 4th, 2014, Australian art educator, Matthew Kiem kickstarted the proceedings when he published an open letter to colleagues outlining the chain between the company and the injustices taking place on the Manus Island and Nauru detention centers, ultimately claiming that “profits from mandatory detention fund the Biennale.” Öğüt was clear to point out that the group of artists involved did not refer to their actions as a boycott, but as a conditional withdrawal. “We never used the term boycott, we were also targeted by the boycott call because we were part of the institution.” When certain conditions were met, namely that Luca Belgiorno-Nettis, director of Transfield Holdings, stepped down as chair of the board and the Biennale cut all ties with Transfield, seven artists resumed their participation, including Öğüt. As he closed, Öğüt emphasized the distinction between sponsorship and ownership as it pertains to the culture industry and cultural workers’ capacity to make waves through collective engagement. “The Sydney Biennale is not owned by the sponsorship, the biennale is not dependent on the sponsors entirely. Ownership here is a cultural heritage thing so it is owned by all Australians but also the international community that contributed to the biennale… If you have contributed to something in the past that puts you in the position, I believe, to say a word about the future of that institution. It is basically a collectively created cultural heritage and we have to take care of it for the long term.” His statement, as well as the small victory of the Sydney Biennale boycott, reflects the way in which artists who choose to act, or not, are always embedded in a cultural apparatus that extends beyond the specific form or content of the works they produce for public display. Cultural production today is embedded in not only a network of institutional support and patronage, but a supply chain that links viewership to the manufacturing and service sectors, whether these relationships are made visible or not. For many today, ‘boycott’ alludes to the consumer boycotts popularized by the anti-globalization movement of the early 21st century. When we look at the boycott in more historical contexts, we can see that what notably characterizes the tactic at large is the application of social pressure towards concrete demands. The term ‘boycott’ is actually an eponym for the campaign of ostracization inflicted on the land agent and Englishman, Charles Boycott in late 19th century Ireland. Deep in the Lough Mask of County Mayo, the newly-formed Land League insisted that Boycott temporarily reduce rents by 25 percent when poor harvests made famine likely for his tenant farmers. In a speech to locals, Charles Stewart Parnell of the League encouraged the refusal of any communication with those who did not meet their demands. Thus when Boycott failed to comply and attempted to evict eleven of his tenants, local housewives swiftly caught word and began throwing mud and manure at the carriers until they left with their notices in hand. Soon after, locals stormed the estate, urging Boycott’s workers to leave their positions. Likewise, workers in nearby shops, the blacksmith, the laundress, the postman, and others refused service to Captain Boycott and his family.2 Boycotts have never intended to function along the same material economic basis as the strike. One of the primary ways to distinguish the boycott from the strike is the boycott’s emphasis on embarrassment and the use of social pressure. Often, a boycott is a tactic employed when there is no possibility to strike in the traditional sense, or when a strike would otherwise be ineffective. The boycott makes use of collective power in a kind of performative social campaign, often with media attention playing a crucial role, to call attention to the scorned subject. In the case of Charles Boycott, a strike would have been nullified by the immense access to wealth and capital Boycott elsewhere had access to when compared to that of his farmer tenants. The boycott against Boycott actually garnered international attention when he wrote to the The London Times detailing his plight and requesting aid. Funds were raised to send fifty volunteer harvesters – and more than 1,000 Royal Policemen to protect them – to bring in what was left of the crops on Boycott’s estate. Over £10,000 was spent to harvest a yield worth about £500 and Boycott returned to Suffolk shortly thereafter. Boycotting quickly became a staple in the toolbox of the tenants movement in Ireland, and later, for political mobilizations at large. Fast forward two centuries later, and it is clear that in the case of the Sydney Biennale, international press attention played a major role in the director’s decision to step down. In both these cases, it is clear that successful boycotts do not happen in a vacuum; they happen when social actors from a number of fields apply pressure in tandem. Julieta Aranda, contributing editor of e-flux journal, likened the stance of the artistic boycott to that of Bartelby when he utters the enigmatic line ‘I would prefer not to’.3 Reflecting on the #J20 Art Strike, of which she was a participant, she noted that she would prefer “that we keep our spaces open, actually addressing what is going on and proposing alternatives.” She expressed concern that art’s affair with activism challenges the autonomy of the arts. She is simultaneously worried that artists who withdraw their participation are not doing the grunt work of building social movements and that some artists, accustomed to self-promotion as they are, make their careers out of their participation in the boycott. Remember the popular adage from the leftist Twitterverse, “There is no such thing as ethical consumption under capitalism”? Well, the same is true for where we get our money, as the labor theory of value would help us understand.. If we actually take this to its logical endpoint, the only ethical thing we can do is abolish work entirely (and reduce our consumption as much as possible), but this is not something we can do alone. This is why I find the critique of political actions within the arts on the grounds that artists ‘benefit’ to be off base. Or as Tirdad Zolghadr put forward during the Q&A in response to the idea that boycotting is a sexy career move: “I encourage you to give it a shot and I think you’d be surprised. You can show me an artist who has made a career off of boycotts and I’ll show you 200 who have made a career out of schmoozing and kissing up, or more actually. Who in this room can honestly say that they are not pursuing a career? I think that if you are pursuing a career out of something that is as (…) as boycotting, I don’t have a problem with it.” We can call folks out for their dirty money – or social capital, as it were – but to start digging around in the arts with these questions, we risk opening up Pandora’s box to all the filthy capital floating around. There are plenty of artists out there, enough of them to be making a career out of pretty much any kind of act, or its documentation. Does it leave a bad taste in the mouth of those who are not seeking to up the ledger of their social capital for their involvement in the boycott or the strike? Sure, and I don’t blame them. But I don’t think it makes very much sense to judge the efficacy of a political tactic on the basis that there are artists cramming their part in that activity into their portfolio. This is a separate problem. Tirdad continued, “the issue is how to familiarize yourself with power and to stop disidentifying with it in a way that assumes that the art world is the same as it was in 1968. If that is something you manage to pull off by means of boycotts, then more power to you.” This is not to say that we shouldn’t open the jar full of evils, but we have to be prepared that when we do so, we might end up finding that the only way to clean up the arts is for all of us to abandon it as a profession altogether. And wasn’t it Ranciere who reminded us that the category of the artist, as we understand it today, is only a necessary one – and therefore it exists as a distinct role – under the conditions of alienation felt by those working for a living.4 To render the profession unnecessary would be to spread the aesthetic regime across the salt of the earth, would be to change the world. If we were trace our complicity in the structures of power, rather than blowing smoke when offer to speak truth to it (if we do at all), we would at least be left with the sliver of hope that keeps us moving forward. In an interview with the reader’s editors, Aranda claims that making ethical demands on the arts results in a narrowing of the field and that the imposition of moral imperatives erases the autonomy of the arts. She says that to demand that artists act ethically “amounts to saying that all art should only be about good things and good deeds, about fixing the world, about saving the whales, etcetera. But if we make all our work about these issues, what happens then to transgression, … form, … structure, … technical development, what happens to all the other things that have normally preoccupied artists?”5 Aranda’s point is a logical one, but I’m not so sure who or what the autonomy of the arts is intended to serve in this case. Maybe I’m biased, but I would rather have an art world that is concerned with its ethical implications than one that is preoccupied with structure and form. Frederick Jameson, in an attempt to articulate the role of aesthetics in late capitalism insists on an aesthetics of cognitive mapping6, a way of actually locating our position within the complex social order we are stuck in, making sense of the neverending data streams and variables of a millenarian era, in order to navigate towards post-capitalism. This is necessary in a time when the impacts of production are illegible in the center, felt in the peripheries, but the source remains abstract. It is precisely contemporary art’s preoccupation with the technical sublime – a term borrowed from political writer Nick Snircek – that prevents contemporary art from offering anything to us as political subjects, prevents it from doing anything but serving elite interests. We need to imagine a better world and put it into action, and to do so we need a way of pinpointing our disposition. Art has an important role in fostering this utopian imagination, in developing this affect, in helping us imagine something other than being stuck in, as Mark Fisher puts it, this capitalist realism, but it can’t accomplish this if it insists on prioritizing the subjective encounter of the viewer with the work. When I think of Zolghadr’s observation that contemporary artists insist on disidentifying with power, I am reminded that semantic indeterminacy is one of the defining features of contemporary art practices. We cannot do anything to move towards a post-capitalist world if we demand an autonomy that is not actually indicative of the way in which artists are not only in bed with power, but embedded within a network of existing social and economic relations with other workers and other fields. In short, maybe autonomy that Aranda is worried about losing might already be lost (if it ever existed), and is not worth fighting for anyway. When responding to the question “Does art need ethics?,” Aranda summarized her position the following way: “I always explain it with this sentence: I would not trust a plumber to perform heart surgery. A plumber does plumbing and a heart surgeon does heart surgery. Art is not going to fix the world; artists are going to make art, not solve the migrant crises. They might make you look at the problems of the world, but fixing them is something else.”7 Humorous and disarming at first blush, there are a number of ways that this analogy breaks down. For one, heart surgery is an operation that absolutely requires years of training to perform, but nonetheless I would contend that most individuals are actually capable of obtaining this level of expertise if they do so desire. In the United States, where only one percent of plumbers, pipelayers, pipefitters and steamfitters are women, I know some folks in the Midwest actively working to help women and gender non-binary folks receive the education needed for these positions. Although this union job does have its own training requirements, for those without bachelor degrees in the US, plumbing is one of the few middle class professions still available. The point is that there is nothing integral to a profession that should bar anyone else from participation if they will to do so, but mobilization doesn’t work that way anyway, or at least it shouldn’t. No one benefits from limiting participation in social movements to supposed experts. In much of the movement work I’ve participated in, concerned with prefiguring horizontal modes of action, we value the alternation of roles, if there are roles at all. While the commonly held belief that specialization improves the efficiency of production can be challenged in this practice, the more crucial point is that encouraging a diversification of tasks and responsibilities leaves everyone better equipped to participate in mobilizations as needed and based on their own desire to opt-in. Theoretically, this practice is intended to remove the coercive elements typically associated with ‘work’ and therefore much of our activity today. The intention is to prefigure an alternative to the alienation that the worker commonly experiences from themselves, from other workers, and from their work under capitalism. This alienation depends not only on specialization itself, but principally on the category of the artist holding the reins of culture. Artists8 are understood as those who are able to make a career of professing and practicing an imaginative art. We would not need this special category if the nature of work, in general, was such that all workers professed themselves imaginatively through their work. There should be no hierarchical impulse with respect to who is able to produce images of the world they seek to inherit. It would be better to abolish the autonomy of the arts altogether than to insist on their encasement within an imaginary vacuum. Of course, implicit hierarchies are an inherent aspect of our social relations whether we intend for them to surface or not, but it is in the space of negotiating how to accomplish a shared goal together in a meaningful way that the so-called ‘work’ of changing-the-world is done. We’re learning something new. Perhaps we can agree that signing an online petition itself might make you feel good, but it grants you a kind of dangerous complacency in a similar way that buying your third wave coffee does. None of these are compelling substitutes for direct action. But perhaps we can also all agree that we need a diversity of tactics. We can agree that there is no individual mode of resistance that can alone radically alter the existing order, but there is also no individual, no particular role that can take the task on independently and no singular profession responsible for doing so either. Warsza, Joanna ed., I Can’t Work Like This: a Reader on Recent Boycotts and Contemporary Art. Berlin: Sternberg Press, 2017, pg. 11. ↩ Clark, Samuel, and James Donnelly, Jr. Irish peasants: violence and political unrest, 1780-1914. Madison: Univ Of Wisconsin Press, 1986. ↩ Melville, Herman. Bartleby, The Scrivener : a Story of Wall-Street, 1853. ↩ Rancière, Jacques. The Politics of Aesthetics. Continuum, 2006. ↩ Ibid, 67. ↩ Jameson, Fredric. “Cognitive Mapping” in Nelson, C. & Grossberg, L., ed. Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. University of Illinois Press, 1987. ↩ “Artist” Merriam-Webster.com. 2017. https://www.merriam-webster.com (13 May 2017) ↩ BerlinEssays Ahmet ÖğütHannah BlackI Can’t Work Like ThisJoanna WarszaJulieta ArandaMatthew KiemParker BrightProqmSydney BiennaleTirdad ZolghadrTori Abernathy Tori Abernathy is an artist and activist who has lived in a number of American cities, and currently resides in Berlin. She’s an ex-punk who doesn’t believe in jobs or careers and is scheming new ways to live better collectively while creating new forms of collective resistance and mutual aid (that sometimes look like ‘art’). She has instigated or initiated a number of collective projects such as RECESS, The Walking School, Portland Renters’ Assembly, Portland Tenants United, the Intentional Community in Exile (ICE), Future Working Models, Transition to a Perpetual Parade (TPP) and others. She’s a feisty Libra with a Capricorn rising and a Pisces moon. She believes that everyone can and should have a safe place to lay their head so they can dream. Back to the World Itself: Photography as Exposition (with a Postcript on the Politics of Art Criticism after the US Election) Multiple Pasts + Potential Next: A Conversation in Time and Space	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2804
__label__wiki	0.865837	0.865837	Hank Gathers: Bo Kimble’s Tribute Posted on April 19, 2015 February 29, 2016 Author Buster Comment(1) ONE SHINING MOMENT Synopsis: Bo Kimble was a 2nd Team AP All-American who led the nation in scoring with a 35.3 point per game average during the 1989-90 college basketball season. Regardless, most of us remember him for the special way he paid homage to Hank Gathers, a former teammate who tragically died after collapsing on the court during a conference playoff game in March 1990. Up to that point, the teammates were inseparable. They played together on the same high school team in Philadelphia, and then enrolled at the University of Southern California before transferring to Loyola Marymount. During LMU’s magical run to the Elite Eight after Gathers’ death, Kimble shot his first free throw in each game left-handed, just like his long-time friend. This post provides the backstory behind one of the most touching moments in NCAA Tournament history. HANK GATHERS – BO KIMBLE’S TRIBUTE Every year, March Madness provides at least one dramatic story line that keeps us coming back for more. For the 2015 NCAA Tournament, there were two equally compelling stories: 1) Kentucky’s inability to become the first undefeated championship team since 1976; and 2) Coach K winning his 5th national title. Unlike recent undefeated teams going into the tournament (i.e. St. Joe’s in 2004 and Wichita State in 2014), Kentucky was the first since UNLV in 1991 that was the overwhelming favorite. After all, Larry Brown’s absurd comment that the Wildcats were good enough to make the NBA Eastern Conference playoffs was considered realistic enough to warrant further discussion on sports talk shows. By winning another National Championship, Duke Coach Mike Krzyzewski has given sports reporters additional fodder to argue that he is the greatest college coach of all-time. Coach K has had an incredible career with Duke, but he falls short in the most important category – championships. With ten titles during a twelve-year span, UCLA Coach John Wooden’s track record in unparalleled to this day. Just like Tiger is five majors short of being the greatest golfer ever, Coach K is six titles short of being the greatest college coach ever. Regardless, he’s a legend who just added another impressive chapter to his legacy. For as good as those story lines were, the best ones throughout the history of the tournament have left an indelible image (and sound) of “one shining moment” in our heads. Sometimes, the moment results in a championship, The Alley-Oop NC State Coach Jim Valvano running around after Lorenzo Charles’s game-winning dunk in the 1983 Championship Game against Houston. Click here to see the play. The Smart Shot Keith Smarts game-winning shot in Indiana’s victory over Syracuse in the 1987 Championship Game. Click here to see the shot. or occurs on the way to a championship, Duke’s Christian Laettner celebrating after hitting a game-winning turnaround jumper to beat Kentucky in the 1992 Elite Eight. Click here to see THE Shot. or has nothing to do with a championship. The Free Throw Loyola Marymount’s Bo Kimble shooting a free-throw against New Mexico State in the 1990 NCAA Tournament. Click here to experience the moment. The first three images capture moments that were euphoric for the winners, but devastating to the losers. In contrast, the last image captures a moment that touched everyone who saw it. If you were fortunate enough to see “The Free Throw,” you should already know the backstory of one player (Bo Kimble) paying homage to a former teammate (Hank Gathers) who had died tragically after collapsing on the court a couple of weeks earlier. What might be forgotten after all of these years is how close these players truly were. As high school teammates, Kimble and Gathers won a city championship in Philadelphia, PA before deciding to play college ball at the University of Southern California. They both were productive as freshmen during the 1985-86 season, but the team finished last in the Pac-10 with an 11-17 record so USC Coach Stan Morrison lost his job. Kimble and Gathers banded together with a couple other teammates to have a say in the hiring of the new coach; however, they overestimated their influence at the school, and ended up having their scholarships revoked instead. Still sticking together, Kimble and Gathers transferred to nearby Loyola Marymount, which was part of the West Coast Conference. Even though playing in the WCC was a step down from the Pac-10, they jumped at the chance to play for former Lakers Coach Paul Westhead. Interestingly, Westhead was at LMU despite winning the 1980 NBA Championship because Lakers legend Magic Johnson helped get him fired. Unlike Kimble and Gathers, Johnson actually had the necessary influence on hiring/firing decisions. Hank Gathers and Bo Kimble Inseparable on and off the court As required by NCAA regulations for transferring players, Kimble and Gathers were forced to sit out for a year. Once the transition year was over, they had an immediate impact on their new team. Specifically, Kimble averaged over 22 points per game while Gathers averaged approximately 23 points and nine rebounds per game during the 1987-88 season. Both players flourished under Westhead’s turbo-charged offense, which was based on the philosophy that the team should get a shot off in less than seven seconds. During each of their three seasons at LMU, the team led all Division I schools in scoring. In particular, the Lions averaged over 110 points per game during the 1987-88 season, 112 points per game during the 1988-89 season, and 122 points per game during the 1989-90 season. The team’s scoring average of 122.4 ppg during their senior season is still an NCAA record. As shown by the following tables, Kimble and Gathers put up impressive numbers and received numerous accolades while playing for LMU. BO KIMBLE – COLLEGE STATS (Southern California and Loyola Marymount) Shooting % Per Game Averages Season Team Games FG FT Rebounds Assists Steals Blocks USC 28 46.5% 77.1% 3.6 2.1 0.6 0.4 LMU 26 43.9% 78.6% 3.1 1.0 1.9 0.2 22.2 1988-89 LMU 18 45.9% 75.6% 4.2 1.4 1.9 0.2 Career 104 48.4% 82.2% 4.9 1.7 1.8 0.4 Note: Led all Division I players with 35.3 scoring average for 1989-90 season. Hank Gathers at LMU Notice the short shorts. Obviously, pre-Fab Five HANK GATHERS – COLLEGE STATS (Southern California and Loyola Marymount) 1988-89 LMU 31 60.8% 56.2% 13.7 2.1 1.4 0.7 LMU 26 59.5% 56.8% 10.8 1.5 1.7 0.9 29.0 Note: Led all Division I players in scoring (32.7 ppg) and rebounding (13.7 rpg) for the 1988-89 season. COLLEGE RECOGNITION – HANK GATHERS AND BO KIMBLE Hank Gathers Bo Kimble 1987-88 1st-Team All-WCC WCC Tournament MVP 1st Team All-WCC 3rd Team AP All-American WCC Player of the Year (also 1st Team All-WCC) WCC Tournament MVP Honorable Mention All-WCC 1989-90 2nd Team Consensus All-American 2nd Team AP All-American In addition to having tremendous individual success, Bo Kimble and Hank Gathers had a big impact turning the team around. While waiting for its star players to become eligible after transferring, LMU finished last in the 8-team WCC with a 12-16 record. In contrast, the team finished first in the conference with a 28-4 record in their first year on the court. Given the team’s success during the season, it likely had secured a spot in the 1988 NCAA Tournament, but any debate ended when it received an automatic bid by winning the 1988 WCC Tournament. As a#10 seed in that tournament, LMU beat 7th-seeded Wyoming 119-115 in a mild upset before losing to#2 seed UNC 123-97 in the round of 32. Despite Gathers’ impressive individual stats during the 1988-89 season (i.e. leading the nation in both scoring and rebounding), LMU slipped to a 3rd place finish in the WCC and a 17-11 record during the regular season. With no chance of an at-large bid, the Lions had to win the conference tournament in order to earn their second consecutive trip to the Big Dance, and they did. As a #12 seed that year, LMU couldn’t engineer another upset so the team went out in the first round after a 120-101 loss to 5th-seeded Arkansas. During the 1989-90 regular season, the Lions presumably found their grove again and rebounded to a 1st place finish in the conference. However, the team suffered a tremendous blow in the conference tournament when Gathers died after collapsing on the court during a second round game against Portland. As a result of the tragedy, conference officials cancelled the rest of the WCC Tournament and awarded the conference title to the Lions as the winner of the regular season. Earlier in the season, Gathers had been diagnosed with a heart disorder after collapsing on the court during a game against Santa Barbara. Up to that point, Gathers had started the season strong with averages of over 30 points and 15 rebounds per game. After sitting out for a couple games, he returned to the lineup but averaged “only” 22 points and 10 rebounds in his first five games back. Believing that his medication negatively affected his performance, Gathers presumably decided to cut back and didn’t take any on game days. Unfortunately, his belief was confirmed when he seemed to regain his old form. Off his medication, Gathers had back-to-back games in early February with 40+ points and 10+ rebounds. One of those games was nationally televised because it involved the 20th-ranked LMU Lions facing off against the 14th-ranked LSU Tigers. Even though the Lions lost 148-141 in overtime, Gathers had an incredible performance with 48 points and 13 rebounds. At that time, the Tigers were led by sophomore sensation Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf (then known as Chris Jackson) and freshman sensation Shaquille O’Neal. Jackson held his own with 34 points and 9 assists, but O’Neal really put on a show with 20 points, 24 rebounds, and 12 blocks, including several against Gathers. Hank Gathers vs. Shaquille O’Neil Of note, Gathers was almost 23 years old while O’Neal wasn’t even 18 yet. Viewers were excited to see Gathers come back with a strong game, but the lasting highlight was of the young phenom who would become one of the NBA’s most dominant big men ever. Sadly, Gathers only played another eight games before collapsing a second time, but with more dire consequences. Prior to the start of the 1990 NCAA Tournament, Kimble told an interviewer that he planned to shoot his first free throw with his left hand as a tribute to his fallen friend. During the season, Gathers had switched to shooting free throws with his left, or non-dominant, hand in the hopes of improving his free throw shooting percentage, which hovered around 50%. The change initially resulted in noticeable improvement, but ultimately the difference was only slightly positive. Regardless, Kimble chose to imitate Gathers’ left-handed free throw as a way to honor his teammate’s commitment to persistence and hard work. CBS clearly was ready for the moment because the director ran a clip of the interview just as Kimble got ready to go to the line for the first time. After a timeout, which allowed all CBS affiliates to cut to the game, Kimble sank the free throw. The motion didn’t reflect picture-perfect form, but the ball headed to the basket in a beautiful arc before hitting the inside back of the rim and dropping right to the floor. Even though Gathers wasn’t physically on the court, his spirit seemed to guide the team to victory. As an 11th seed, LMU trounced 6th-seeded New Mexico State (110-92) and 3rd-seeded Michigan (149-115) before squeaking by 7th-seeded Alabama (62-60). The magic eventually ran out in the Elite Eight when #1 seed UNLV thumped LMU by the score of 131-101. Two games later, UNLV similarly thumped Duke (103-73) in the most lopsided title game in tournament history. Instead of being appreciated on its own, UNLV’s 1990 Championship is usually referenced as a prelude to Duke’s 1991 Championship because the Blue Devils rebounded from the humiliating loss in 1990 to upset the heavily favored Runnin’ Rebels in 1991. Interestingly, the compelling story lines from the 1991 Tournament are almost identical to the 2015 Tournament. In particular, a presumably unbeatable team lost in the semi-finals after arriving at the Final Four with an undefeated record (UNLV was 34-0 in 1991 while Kentucky was 38-0 in 2015), and Coach K had a milestone victory in leading Duke to a championship (i.e. his first title in 1991 and his fifth title in 2015). Clearly, UNLV’s title in 1990 was memorable (especially for providing an opening act to Duke’s back-to-back titles in 1991 and 1992), but the memory most worthy of the song “One Shining Moment” remains Kimble’s left-handed free throw against New Mexico State. For as heart-warming as Kimble’s tribute was, it didn’t foretell his NBA career. Click here for the rest of the story. Tagged Bo Kimble, Hank Gathers, Loyola Marymount, Paul Westhead Honorable Mention Top 10 NBA Draft Busts Top 10 Worst NBA Draft Picks LaRue Martin: Honorable Mention (NBA) Posted on March 21, 2015 May 22, 2016 Author Buster Every decade seems to produce an NBA draft pick who becomes the poster child for failure. What Darko Milicic was to the 2000s, Michael Olowokandi was to the 1990s, Sam Bowie was to the 1980s, and LaRue Martin was to the 1970s. In previous posts, I explained why Bowie, Milicic, and Olowokandi shouldn’t be considered all-time busts even though I’ve ranked them as the worst three draft picks in NBA history. Similarly, Martin ranks as one of the all-time worst NBA draft picks (#9), but shouldn’t be considered a Top 10 Bust. Regardless, his underwhelming professional career as a #1 overall pick made him worthy of an Honorable Mention. Top 10 NBA Draft Busts Top 10 Worst NBA Draft Picks Dennis Hopson – Sam Bowie Exemption Posted on March 1, 2015 March 1, 2016 Author Buster Synopsis: Dennis Hopson is often considered an all-time bust because he was drafted before two future Hall of Famers: Scottie Pippen and Reggie Miller. While that assessment might seem to be appropriate on the surface, the reality is much more complicated. As discussed in numerous posts already, a bad draft pick can be determined by looking at passed-over superstars, but a bust can’t. Even though I have ranked Hopson as the 8th all-time worst draft pick, I will use the following post to show why he isn’t a Top 10 Bust. As someone who scored over 3,600 career points, he has earned the Sam Bowie Exemption (i.e. too productive to be declared a Top 10 Bust), but there were other contributing factors that preclude him from even being an Honorable Mention. Side Stories NBA MODERN ERA (HEEERE’S MAGIC) Posted on December 10, 2014 August 14, 2016 Author Buster Do you root for players in the NBA but teams in the other Big 4 sports? Does your favorite basketball player not play for the NBA team geographically closest to you? Prior to 1980, your answers likely would have been different. However, something “magical” happened since then. In this post, I discuss the early days of the NBA Modern Era when television stations aired playoff games on tape-delay. Starting with superstars like Larry Bird and Magic Johnson, the league made a conscious decision to promote its stars more than its teams. Fortunately, players like Jordan, Kobe, and LeBron have been able to take the game to the next level. In fact, they helped drive the game’s tremendous international popularity. The NFL is set, but perhaps MLB and the NHL could learn something from their younger (and smarter) brother. NBA D-League: Opportunity or Bust Bo Kimble: #6 NBA Draft Bust One Reply to “Hank Gathers: Bo Kimble’s Tribute” Pingback: Bo Kimble: #6 NBA Draft Bust \| TOP 10 BUSTS Hasheem Thabeet: #3 NBA Draft Bust #3 Box Office Bust: Cutthroat Island Darko Milicic: Honorable Mention (NBA)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2807
__label__wiki	0.655175	0.655175	Information on the 8th to 12th Century Temples at Osian December 14, 2017 October 9, 2018 George T. George Rajasthan Osian is an oasis in the Thar desert of Rajasthan, famous for 18 ruined Brahmanical & Jain temples. These ancient temples were constructed in between 8th and 12th centuries. It is situated in Jodhpur district. Osian temple Sachiya Mata Temple, Mahaveera Jain Temple, Surya temple (Sun Temple) and Kali temple, situated in this historic city, are a real treat to your eyes. These temples are known for its exquisitely carved pillars. These temple resembles to the temples at Khajuraho. Hence Osian is also known as “Khajuraho of Rajasthan”. Osian or Osiyan was a religious center during the reign of Gurjara Pratihara dynasty. During the reign of Guptas, this town was also a major trading center. It was also a major center of Brahmanism and Jainism for hundreds of years till 1195, when the town was attacked by the Turkish and Muslim armies of Muhammed of Ghor. Many of the temples were destroyed at time. The residents of the city fled the area and never returned. As per 2001 census report, there are 12,452 inhabitants at this historic city. This small town is famous for Osian sand dunes. This historic town is an important pilgrimage town for Oswal Jain and Maheshwari communities. (Maheshwari is a sub-section of bania caste). There is an ancient Mahavira temple at this town. Lord Mahavira, who also known as Lord Vardhamana, was the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism. He who lived in 6th century BC. Vardhamana temple here was constructed in A. D. 783, during the reign of Vatsaraj. He was the Gurjara Pratihara ruler of that time. At its peak, this historic town of Osiyan had over 100 Jain temples. How Do I Go to Osian Temple Jodhpur? NH 11 which starts at Jaisalmer and ends at Jhunjhunu (both in Rajasthan state), passes through Osian. Osian Railway Station is the the nearest railway station. It is a small station. Jodhpur railway station is a major railway station and is well connected to other parts of India. Osian to Jodhpur distance is 67.8 kilometers. The nearest airport is at Jodhpur. Bikaner city is at around 183 kilometers distance. Jaipur, the pink city, is located at around 354 kilometers. Osiyan Hotels Rawla Resort, Safari Camp, Camp Thar, Hotel Ganpati Plaza, etc, are some of leading Osiyan hotels. Sand Dunes Resort & Camp is one among the leading resorts in jodhpur. Buddhist Temples Jain Temples Lord Mahavira Osian 5 thoughts to “Information on the 8th to 12th Century Temples at Osian” Dalene says: Osian for sure looks like a great tourist attraction site; it bears much history yet again it’s still beautiful! The fact that it is an oasis in a desert is already appealing! touristi says: Thank you Dalene for the comments. Osian has also a turbulent history; Being one of the major cities in India, to one that was abandoned. Beautiful pictures, and I love the historical information. Thank you for the complimentary words! This city looks enchanting! Are You Interested in the Buddhist Pilgrimage Tour to Pemayangtse Monastery? Little Known Facts About Undavalli Cave Petroglyphs	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2808
__label__wiki	0.904863	0.904863	Jussie Smollett Out at Empire: Fox Drama Opts to 'Remove' Embattled Actor From Season's Final 2 Episodes By Michael Ausiello / February 22 2019, 7:19 AM PDT Courtesy of Fox Empire is no longer standing by its man. The Fox drama has suspended Jussie Smollett in the wake of the actor’s arrest for allegedly staging last month’s hate-crime attack against himself. Smollett’s sorta-dismissal comes as the Fox drama was winding down production on Season 5; there’s no word how his character Jamal’s absence in this season’s final two episodes will be explained. In a statement, Empire EPs Lee Daniels, Danny Strong, Brett Mahoney, Brian Grazer, Sanaa Hamri, Francie Calfo and Dennis Hammer said, “The events of the past few weeks have been incredibly emotional for all of us. Jussie has been an important member of our Empire family for the past five years and we care about him deeply. While these allegations are very disturbing, we are placing our trust in the legal system as the process plays out. We are also aware of the effects of this process on the cast and crew members who work on our show and to avoid further disruption on set, we have decided to remove the role of Jamal from the final two episodes of the season.” Smollett, who has played Jamal on the Fox drama since its debut, was arrested early Thursday in Chicago and faces a felony criminal charge of disorderly conduct/filing a false police report in connection with his alleged attack. At the time, 20th and Fox maintained, “We understand the seriousness of this matter and we respect the legal process. We are evaluating the situation and we are considering our options.” In late January, Smollett reported to Chicago police that he was the victim of an early morning attack in which two men taunted the actor/singer with racist and homophobic slurs, then beat him, poured a liquid on him and placed a noose around his neck. Per Smollett, the men also referenced “MAGA,” or President Donald Trump’s “Make America Great Again”slogan, during the incident. The actor elaborated on the attack in a February Good Morning America interview, telling Robin Roberts that he’d been “forever changed” by what happened to him. When later developments seemed to contradict Smollett’s account, his lawyers insisted that he played no role in the attack, and the show’s producers denied that his part on the series would be reduced as a reaction to the controversy. “Jussie Smollett continues to be a consummate professional on set, and as we have previously stated, he is not being written out of the show,” the production company said in a statement at the time. In a press conference Thursday, Chicago police alleged that Smollett hired two men to fake the attack because he was dissatisfied with his Empire salary. Shortly thereafter, the actor’s legal team released a statement saying,“Today we witnessed an organized law enforcement spectacle that has no place in the American legal system. The presumption of innocence, a bedrock in the search for justice, was trampled upon at the expense of Mr. Smollett and notably, on the eve of a Mayoral election. Mr. Smollett is a young man of impeccable character and integrity who fiercely and solemnly maintains his innocence and feels betrayed by a system that apparently wants to skip due process and proceed directly to sentencing.” Empire is scheduled to kick off the second half of its current fifth season on Wednesday, March 13. TAGS: Empire, Jussie Smollett GET MORE: Casting News, Controversy 4Emmy Nominations 2019: Ausiello's Snappy Judgments 'Game Of Thrones' Emilia Clarke & Kit Harington Score 1st Ever… 2019 Emmy nominations: 50 most unforgivable snubs include… Amazon's best-selling water-resistant Bluetooth speaker is… Draya & Megan Thee Stallion Strike Sexy Poses In Their Bikinis… These Are the Best Amazon Prime Day TV Deals, So Grab Them While…	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2810
__label__wiki	0.770075	0.770075	The Texas Freedom Network Education Fund is widely recognized as an influential think tank on a number of critical social policy issues. Our growing library of original research has become invaluable to policy-makers on a wide range of church-state and education issues, such as the faith-based initiative, public school Bible courses and sex education. Contact us for hardcopies of any of these reports and publications. PDF versions are linked below. Taking Politics Out of Classrooms: Recommendations for Revising the Texas Social Studies Curriculum Standards Full Report \| More Information + Take Action Curriculum standards for Texas public schools approved by the State Board of Education in 2010 distort instruction on slavery and the Civil War, civil rights, religion and other hot-button topics. This TFN Education Fund report reexamines key issues in the standards for history, government and other social studies courses. Conspiracy of Silence: Sexuality Education in Texas Public Schools Executive Summary \| Full Report \| More Information + Take Action This report exposes a deeply entrenched “conspiracy of silence” around sex education in Texas public schools. The report follows up on our groundbreaking 2009 study of what Texas students learn in their public school sex education classes. Report Reveals Serious Flaws in Social Studies Textbooks Executive Summary \| American Government Textbooks \| U.S. and World History Textbooks \| Religion in World History Textbooks \| Religion in World Geography Textbooks Expert reviews from the Texas Freedom Network Education Fund have identified serious problems with the proposed social studies textbooks under consideration by the State Board of Education in 2014. Many of those problems are linked to the controversial and heavily politicized curriculum standards adopted by the Texas board in 2010. Can This Class Be Saved? The ‘Hobby Lobby’ Public School Bible Curriculum An independent review raises serious concerns about a new curriculum that promoters hope will combat what they see as ignorance about the Bible among public school students. Museum of the Bible, a nonprofit created by Hobby Lobby CEO Steve Green, is publishing the curriculum, The Book: The Bible’s History, Narrative and Impact. TFN Education Fund Science Textbook Review The Texas Freedom Network Education Fund asked science scholars at the University of Texas at Austin and at Southern Methodist University in Dallas to review how proposed new high school biology textbooks and online instructional materials deal with evolution. Their reviews are particularly important because some of the country’s most prominent evolution deniers got influential positions on the state’s official review panels. Texans Stand Up for Access to Birth Control A new statewide poll from the Texas Freedom Network Education Fund shows Texans believe that access to family planning and birth control is important and should not be limited by a woman’s income level, employer or medical provider. Reading, Writing & Religion II Reading, Writing & Religion II: Texas Public School Bible Courses in 2011-12 documents a widespread failure to implement key guidelines passed by the Legislature in 2007 to improve the academic quality and legal status of Bible courses in Texas public schools. Review of David Barton’sThe Jefferson Lies: Exposing the Myths You’ve Always Believed about Thomas Jefferson With the publication of his book, The Jefferson Lies: Exposing the Myths You’ve Always Believed about Thomas Jefferson, David Barton seeks to break through to a wider audience with his account of the religious and moral life of the great Founder. In so doing, Barton hopes to expand his influence while securing the recognition as a legitimate historian that so far has eluded him. But his newest effort suffers from many of the same failures of his previous works, reinforcing widespread criticism that Barton distorts history in the service of an ideological argument rather than true scholarship. Texas Science Curriculum Standards: Recommendations for Dealing with Pedagogical and Scientific Problems Following the Texas State Board of Education’s adoption of new science curriculum standards for Texas public schools in 2009, the Texas Freedom Network Education Fund asked scientists at two of the state’s universities to analyze new standards regarding instruction on evolution. We identified four potentially problematic standards, all of which were promoted by evolution deniers on the State Board of Education. We have compiled the analyses and recommendations of Ben Pierce at Southwestern University and John Wise at Southern Methodist University into this helpful primer. Sex Education in Texas Public Schools: Progress in the Lone Star State Data collected by the Texas Education Agency — and analyzed by the TFN Education Fund — demonstrates that a quiet revolution is underway in Texas school districts. While abstinence-only instruction remains the predominant approach to sex education in the state, the percentage of school districts moving beyond a strict abstinence-only message has surged in recent years. Roughly 25 percent of districts now report taking an abstinence-plus approach to sex education. That compares to just 3.6 percent of districts doing so three short years ago – a 600 percent increase. Review Of David Barton’s Textbook, Drive Thru History America: Foundations of Character David Barton might be a popular speaker in conservative circles and considered a “historian” and “constitutional expert” by politico-entertainers like Glenn Beck and politicians like Texas Gov. Rick Perry and former U.S. House Speaker Newt Gingrich. But a scholar’s new review of Barton’s American history textbook exposes the Texan’s simplistic, selective and ideologically distorted accounts of the nation’s early history. Senate Bill 6: Changes in the Adoption, Purchase and Distribution of Instructional Materials in Texas Textbook adoptions for Texas public schools have often devolved into “culture war” firestorms, in which members of the State Board of Education (SBOE) try to censor and revise content in textbooks and instructional materials to conform to their own personal and political beliefs. However, the passage of Senate Bill 6 by the Texas Legislature in 2011 represents a sea change in the state’s system for approving textbooks and other instructional materials. This analysis explains how this legislation begins to move Texas toward a system in which what children learn in their classrooms will no longer be held hostage to the personal and political agendas of SBOE members. Culture Wars in the Classroom: Texas Voters Call for a Cease-Fire The Texas Freedom Network has long sounded the alarm about the consequences of the damaging “culture wars” raging on the Texas State Board of Education. But there has been little research into public opinion on these important issues. In May 2010 the Texas Freedom Network Education Fund commissioned the polling firm of Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research to find out where likely Texas voters stand on the heavily politicized State Board of Education, the process of writing curriculum and textbook requirements and other issues on the far right’s agenda for public education. Just Say Don’t Know: Sexuality Education in Texas Public Schools This groundbreaking report conclusively demonstrates that Texas is failing families and students when it comes to sexuality education. Classrooms are perpetuating a “conspiracy of silence” that robs young people of the reliable information they need to make responsible life decisions. Even worse, the information students do receive about sexuality and health is often grossly distorted or simply wrong. The 81st Legislature: Change at the Capitol? With the end of Tom Craddick’s reign as speaker and a near-even partisan split in the Texas House of Representatives, one might have assumed the religious right’s influence would be much weaker in the 81st Legislature. But the religious right’s influence over public policy was strong well before Rep. Craddick became House speaker in 2003. And while the House booted out a speaker anointed by the far right, bitter ideological battles over social issues appeared set to move to the Senate on the other side of the Capitol. Evolution, Creationism & Public Schools: Surveying What Texas Scientists Think about Educating Our Kids in the 21st Century Creationist pressure groups claim that there is a raging controversy over evolution within the science community. But the Texas Freedom Network Education Fund has released a groundbreaking statewide survey of what science faculty at public and private universities in Texas really think about evolution and “intelligent design”/creationism. The results are not what evolution opponents want to hear. The State Board of Education: Dragging Texas Schools into the Culture Wars In the early 1990s, the religious right began a long process of turning a sleepy corner of Texas government the State Board of Education into a major battleground in the nation’s culture wars. Each year, the board’s far-right faction sparks battles on issues such as the teaching of evolution, medically accurate sex education and religion in public schools. Elections in 2006 brought the religious right to the brink of complete control of the state board for the first time. This third annual State of the Religious Right report from the Texas Freedom Network Education Fund examines how social conservatives have become so influential on the state board and what that means for more than 4.5 million children educated in Texas public schools. God’s Lawgivers? Carrying the Water for the Religious Right in Texas Government The Texas Freedom Network Education Fund’s second annual State of the Religious Right report takes a close look at state officials who carry the water for the religious right in Texas. The report describes how Terri Leo, R-Spring, and other far-right bomb throwers on the State Board of Education are dragging our public schools into the culture wars. It also profiles key legislators – including newly elected state Sen. Dan Patrick, R-Houston, and state Rep. Phil King, R-Weatherford – who are leading the assault on religious freedom and individual liberties at the Capitol. Reading, Writing & Religion: Teaching the Bible in Texas Public Schools The Texas Freedom Network Education Fund’s 2005 report on a flawed Bible curriculum being marketed in public schools in Texas and the rest of the country raised an important question: Just what do Texas public schools tell their students about the Bible? To find the answer, the Texas Freedom Network Education Fund surveyed all of the the state’s more than 1,000 public school districts. The results of this ground-breaking research have revealed serious problems in most Bible courses offered in Texas public schools. The report also offers school districts recommendations about how to create courses that are academically, ethically and legally appropriate. The Anatomy of Power: Texas and the Religious Right in 2006 For more than a decade, Texans have watched religious extremists hijack the electoral process and promote a divisive political agenda in the state. To expose the strategy behind that deliberate campaign, the Texas Freedom Network Education Fund has produced a groundbreaking in-depth examination of the religious right in Texas. State of the Religious Right: The Anatomy of Power reveals how extremists use religion to divide us and partisan politics to belittle the faith of those who dare to disagree with them. The Bible and Public Schools: Report on the National Council on Bible Curriculum in Public Schools Prepared by Dr. Mark Chancey, a religious studies professor at SMU, this report reveals that the country’s most aggressively marketed – and perhaps most widely used – Bible curriculum advocates a sectarian perspective and is taught with materials plagued by shoddy research, blatant factual errors and plagiarized sources. The National Day of Prayer Task Force: Turning a Day of Faith into a Rally for the Christian Right A look at the National Day of Prayer Task Force, a private organization that has hijacked community celebrations of the National Day of Prayer nationwide and turned them into Christian-only events with a political focus. The Texas Faith-Based Initiative at Five Years: Warning Signs as President Bush Expands Texas-Style Program to National Level The Texas Freedom Network released a report in 2002 that documented the lack of accountability and other failures in then-Gov. Bush’s Texas faith-based initiative. Prayer in Public Schools – Religious Freedom in Texas: Statements of Faith, Statutes & Case Law Broken Promises II: The Texas Charter School System at Five Years Broken Promises: Charter Schools in Texas Our Kids at Risk: A Statistical Portrait of Texas Children in Crisis A review of the risks to children in this state, highlighting the hypocrisy of far right advocates who call themselves pro-family, but promote an agenda that is anti-child in the extreme. The second in a two-part report examing the failures of the Texas charter school system. The Texas Freedom Network provides readers with a concise, complete overview of the laws regarding prayer in public schools. Video: Los Vales, No Valen: Vouchers in Texas, The Edgewood Story Video: Round Rock: Taking Back Our Schools Examines the religious right’s “family values” policy initiatives that actually undermine the institutions that support working families.The first in a two-part report examining the failures of the Texas charter school system.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2814
__label__wiki	0.544245	0.544245	« On Knots and Links The Beginning of Modern Mathematics » The Library of Babel and the Information Explosion Published January 19, 2017 Irish Times Leave a Comment Tags: Arithmetic, Topology The world has been transformed by the Internet. Google, founded just 20 years ago, is a major force in online information. The company name is a misspelt version of “googol”, the number one followed by one hundred zeros. This name echoes the vast quantities of information available through the search engines of the company [TM107 or search for “thatsmaths” at irishtimes.com]. Artist’s impression of the Library of Babel [Image from Here]. Long before the Internet, the renowned Argentine writer, poet, translator and literary critic Jorge Luis Borges (1889 – 1986) envisaged the Universe as a vast information bank in the form of a library. The Library of Babel was imagined to contain every book that ever was or ever could be written. Reflections on Infinity. Mathematical concepts influenced the structure and style of many of Borges’ short stories. They included Cantor’s set theory, orders of infinity, paradoxes, logic and topology. His knowledge of mathematics corresponded approximately to basic first year university level, comparable perhaps to the mathematical understanding of James Joyce. Jorge Luis Borges in Dublin on the occasion of the international Joyce Symposium in 1982 [Photo Eddie Kelly]. Borges’ short stories are infused with mathematical elements and concepts. In The Garden of Forking Paths, he considers the nature of time, and the innumerable branch points that determine our future. Treating all possible options at each branch-point leads us to the concept of a multi-verse, or the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. Borges’ story The Aleph speaks of a point in space that contains every other point. Viewing it, we can see everything in the universe from every possible angle. Borges exploited the idea of repeated splitting or bifurcation, which is a ‘route to chaos’ in many dynamical systems. He made use of paradoxes of the infinite in which the whole is not greater than its parts, and universes in which every point is at the centre. He was intrigued with dense sets, like the set of all fractions: between any two fractions, no matter how close, there is always another one. He imagined books with an infinity of pages each with infinitesimal thickness and finite overall thickness. Borges wrote a prologue to the Spanish edition of the excellent popular book Mathematics and the Imagination, by Edward Kasner and James R Newman, which was originally published in 1940. He was familiar with Cantor’s theory of sets and with many of the paradoxes arising when infinite sets are examined. But Kasner and Newman was published only in 1940, just a year before the Library of Babel, and it seems unlikely that this book could have been an inspiration for Borges story. Borges owned a copy of Bertrand Russell’s “Principles of Mathematics”. This was originally published in 1903, and Borges’ copy is dated 1939. It included discussions of Zeno’s Paradoxes, Cantor’s transfinite numbers. Borges was fascinated by the concept of infinity. It is probable that Russell’s book was an inspiration for Borges. Borges’ Library of Babel comprises a gigantic collection of books, each having 410 pages, with 40 lines on each page and 80 characters on each line. Thus, there are 410 x 40 x 80 = 1,312,000 characters in each book. The library contains every possible book of this form, that is, one book with each of the possible orderings of the characters. Borges used an alphabet of 25 letters, so the total number of books is 25 raised to the power 1,312,000. This corresponds approximately to 2 followed by 1.8 million zeros, an unfathomable number. No matter if a book is lost: there are more than 30 million others that differ from it by only a single character. The library is divided into hexagonal galleries, in each of which four walls are lined with books, the remaining two providing access to other rooms. Borges writes that the library is a sphere whose exact centre is any hexagon and whose circumference is unattainable. This leaves some ambiguity and scope for speculation about the “cosmology” or large-scale structure of the library. Topology of the Library Borges described the collection as unending but finite. Later he wrote that “the Library is unlimited but periodic”. This seems paradoxical, but if we consider the points on the surface of a sphere, they are finite but unbounded. The Library has a similar property of being finite but periodic and having no physical boundary. In a commentary on Borges Library, mathematician William Goldbloom Bloch considers various possible “cosmologies” or large-scale geometries for the Library. Just as a 2-torus is the product of two circles, a 3-torus is the product of three. We can also envisage it as a periodization of R3, where each unit cube with corners at lattice-points is identical to all the others. The 3-torus is finite but unbounded. Goldbloom Bloch also considers the 3-Klein bottle as a possible “cosmology” for the Library. The Library and the Internet The story contains many of the signature themes of Borges: infinity, paradox, labyrinth, and self-referential reasoning. A library with all possible books arranged randomly is essentially useless, as valid information is swamped by multitudinous tomes of gibberish. The order of the books is random and a catalogue of the Library would be of complexity and extent comparable to the Library itself. The librarians have an unenviable – and essentially impossible – task. The Internet has expanded by a factor of a thousand since the beginning of the millennium and more then half the world population is now online. As data volumes continue to grow, ever-smarter mathematical filtering algorithms are needed to prevent information overload or “data deluge” and to avoid the noisy nightmare imagined by Borges. Borges, J. L., 1941: The Library of Babel. In “The Garden of Forking Paths” (Spanish). English translation in “Labyrinths” (1962), Ed. D. A. Yates and J. E. Irby. William Goldbloom Bloch, 2008: The Unimaginable Mathematics of Borges’ Library of Babel. Oxford Univ. Press, 192pp. ISBN: 978-0-195-33457-9. The Online Library of Babel: http://www.openculture.com/2015/04/the-online-library-of-babel.html Basile, Jonathan: Borges Universal Library as a Website: http://www.libraryofbabel.info/ The collection That’s Maths, with 100 articles, has just been published by Gill Books. Available from	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2816
__label__wiki	0.891097	0.891097	Comics / TV The Walking Dead Creator Robert Kirkman’s New Series Outcast Premieres Tonight at 8:55pm on FOX by Fanboy SEO · June 4, 2016 FOX Networks Group (FNG), Asia’s leading pay-TV network, has announced that a new horror drama series from The Walking Dead creator Robert Kirkman will be thrilling audiences all over the world when it premieres in June on FOX. Outcast, which is based on the comic book of the same name by Kirkman and co-creator and illustrator Paul Azaceta, is a compelling story about a young man fighting manifestations of demonic possession, and it premieres on FOX on June 4, 2016, in the Philippines and Southeast Asia, with a simulcast on FOX Filipino and STAR World. The series is simulcast in the country day and date, within hours of the US premiere on June 3, 2016. Outcast is set to be FOX’s next global hit series, and is FNG’s first original scripted drama. The series features an award-winning production team and cast, including Patrick Fugit (Almost Famous), who plays the lead character of Kyle Barnes, Philip Glenister as Rev. Anderson, Reg E. Cathey as Chief Giles, showrunner Chris Black, director Adam Wingard, and composer Atticus Ross. The cinematic treatment of a genre previously unexplored on TV makes Outcast required viewing for fans of horror and stories about exorcism. The premiere episode introduces the lead character of Kyle Barnes, a young man from the small town of Rome in West Virginia who returns home after a long absence. What marks Kyle is his dark history of having witnessed his loved ones undergo demonic possession—and it’s the reason why he left Rome in the first place. He returns years later to find the answers behind his family’s suffering, in the hopes that he can help Joshua Austin, an 8-year-old who lives in front of the Barnes house and is believed to be possessed by a demon that seems mysteriously connected to Kyle. Together with Rev. Anderson, a West Virginia evangelist who believes he is a soldier in God’s holy war against the forces of evil on Earth, Kyle revisits Rome to face his past, discover his fate, and possibly change the world forever. To drum up excitement for Outcast, a series of huge wall murals was unveiled in locations with high foot traffic in 13 countries around the world including the Philippines from May 28 to June 3 to reveal a scene from Outcast’s first episode. Each city’s mural was painted by a local artist based on illustrations provided by Azuceta to depict one panel from the scene’s storyboard, similar to panels in a comic book. Renowned graphic design team Team Manila was assigned to create the Outcast mural in Manila, coloring in Azuceta’s black-and-white sketches and adding their own flourishes of Filipino culture to the art. Every few hours, one mural in one city was unveiled online at https://outcastart.tv/ and on social media until all murals could be arranged by fans in the correct sequence to see a sneak preview of Outcast’s premiere episode. This global rollout of Outcast that includes countries in Europe and Latin America as well as Hong Kong and Southeast Asia was kicked off on May 28 at the London Comic Con, where stars of Outcast were present. FNG also took promotions of Outcast to the digital realm in order to encourage fans to interact with the murals. The interactive and immersive website has become a hub for images and video content created during production of the murals and allows fans to follow them online and through social media. Those who can visit a mural in person could also unlock previously unavailable content on their personal devices using geolocation, and if enough visitors log in to this they will be given access to a longer clip from the first episode of Outcast for an exclusive, more-detailed preview. More information on how fans can interact with the murals can be found on the website. “FOX is excited to be featuring another show that pushes the envelope for the horror genre on TV, and an original scripted drama by FNG at that. We’re confident that Filipino fans who have loyally been tuning in to Kirkman’s previous work on The Walking Dead will embrace Outcast as another fine example of edgy storytelling, relatable characters, and excellent production,” said Charo Espedido, Director and Head of Marketing at FNG Philippines. “Our collaboration with Team Manila for Outcast was also another great opportunity to showcase local artistic talent on an international platform.” Catch Outcast every Saturdays at 8:55pm beginning June 4, exclusively on FOX. Tags: Atticus RossChris BlackComicsFOXFox FilipinoGeekKyle BarnesOutcastPatrick FugitPaul AzucetaPhilip GlenisterRobert KirkmanStar WorldTeam ManilaThe Walking DeadTV How did Black Widow Get the Space Stone? by Fanboy SEO · Published September 4, 2018 Blue Beetle Proves that “Bros Before Heroes” in Heroes in Crisis # 4 by Fanboy SEO · Published January 12, 2019 Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse Trailer Now Online by Fanboy SEO · Published December 10, 2017 · Last modified December 11, 2017 Next story Five Muhammad Ali Fights You Need to Watch Previous story Animax Brings New Shows for June including Young Black Jack, Yatterman Night and More	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2818
__label__wiki	0.820772	0.820772	The Presidents on the Presidents: How They Judge One Another President Barack Obama points to former President George W. Bush during a ceremony to unveil his official portrait, Thursday, May 31, 2012, in the East Room at the White House in Washington. Charles Dharapa—AP By Jon Meacham The two men could hardly have been more different. One the fatherless son of a single mother, the other a scion of the most important American political family since the Adamses; one a cool, intellectual analyst, the other an instinctive gut player who never looked back once a decision was made. Yet there they were, together in the East Room of the White House on a June day in 2012, inexorably linked by history: Barack Hussein Obama and George Walker Bush. The occasion was the unveiling of George and Laura Bush’s White House portraits. “It’s been said,” Obama told the audience, “that no one can ever truly understand what it’s like being President until they sit behind that desk and feel the weight and responsibility for the first time. And that is true. After three and a half years in office—and much more gray hair—I have a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by the Presidents who came before me, including my immediate predecessor, President Bush. In this job, no decision that reaches your desk is easy. No choice you make is without costs. No matter how hard you try, you’re not going to make everybody happy. I think that’s something President Bush and I both learned pretty quickly.” With an ironic twinkle, Bush marked the moment with a bit of self-deprecation, or at least self-awareness: “I am … pleased, Mr. President,” Bush said to Obama, “that when you are wandering these halls as you wrestle with tough decisions, you will now be able to gaze at this portrait and ask, ‘What would George do?’” History is full of examples of presidents thinking and talking about their predecessors, seeking inspiration or warning from the successes and the failures of those who came before. All presidents are all members of what the historians and TIME editors Nancy Gibbs and Michael Duffy have called “The Presidents Club.” The enormity of that shared experience—of the feeling of holding ultimate power, and ultimate responsibility—can create strange connections and alliances once the heat of battle has faded. A look back suggests that the presidents appreciate what voters appreciate: leaders who at once think big and act smartly, worrying more about the service of ends than the specifics of means. For the presidents, history is always provisional, always conditional, and the greatest of leaders are the ones who—like Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln, FDR, JFK, and Reagan—are willing to depart from dogma to make the country stronger and more secure. So how do presidents judge other presidents? Two themes emerge. First, they often evoke their predecessors in search of sanction for present policies: they enlist—or rather conscript—the long-dead in the political wars of the moment. The second common theme, I think, is that presidents tend to see as they would be seen, and one clue to understanding how presidents think of themselves is to note how they think of their predecessors. Two Founders Thomas Jefferson and George Washington were tall, rich, revolutionary Virginians—and there the similarities began to fade as the years of the early republic went on. As the first president of the infant nation, Washington asked Jefferson, then the American minister to France, to serve as secretary of state. Arriving in New York, then the national capital, in 1790, Jefferson found himself in a city and a political culture that struck him as overly sympathetic to British and too prone to monarchial forms and habits of mind. Fresh from the intoxicating atmosphere of the early revolutionary days in France—the Terror was still in the future—Jefferson was out of phase with the prevailing ethos in the Washington administration, an ethos created and sustained in large measure by Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton. As Hamilton’s adversary in the Cabinet, Jefferson became the voice—not the only one, but the central one at the highest levels—that competed most ferociously for Washington’s ear. As Jefferson said, he and Hamilton were pitted against one another daily, “like two cocks in the pit.” Washington asked them to end the “internal dissensions that are harrowing and tearing our vitals.” Jefferson and Washington fell out and it was only years later, in 1814, that Jefferson offered a correspondent this reading of Washington: “Perhaps the strongest feature in [Washington’s] character was prudence, never acting until every circumstance, every consideration, was maturely weighed; refraining if he saw a doubt, but, when once decided, going through with his purpose, whatever obstacles opposed. His integrity was most pure, his justice the most inflexible I have ever known. … He was, indeed, in every sense of the words, a wise, a good, and a great man. His temper was naturally high toned; but reflection and resolution had obtained a firm and habitual ascendancy over it. If ever, however, it broke its bonds, he was most tremendous in his wrath….” There is much here, and perhaps the most revealing insight was about Washington’s temperament. Long celebrated for his capacity to project calm at even the most desperate of hours, Washington was, according to Jefferson’s close observation, also a man who could lose his composure, if only in private, thus showing Washington to be a very human hero. Jefferson’s Washington is a real man who accomplished real things. More interesting than a figure of myth and legend, for figures of myth and legend are unapproachable, Jefferson’s Washington is a human being who overcame his own flaws to do great things. Which is how Jefferson himself wished to be seen. Abe and Andy Several decades later, Abraham Lincoln—not even a Jeffersonian Republican, but first a Whig and then the candidate of a new and different Republican Party—turned to Jefferson as an unlikely ally. In April 1859, from Springfield, Ill., Lincoln wrote to a group in Boston declining its invitation to speak to a Jefferson birthday celebration. The moment gave Lincoln the chance to link Jefferson to the cause of freedom in an hour of danger for the Union. “All honor to Jefferson,” said Lincoln, “to the man who, in the concrete pressure of a struggle for national independence by a single people, had the coolness, forecast, and capacity to introduce into a merely revolutionary document, an abstract truth, and so to embalm it there, that today, and in all coming days, it shall be a rebuke and a stumbling block to the very harbingers of reappearing tyranny and oppression.” In judging Jefferson in this light, Lincoln was using a predecessor was his own political purposes, conscripting a dead slave-owner in the cause of the union. And Lincoln, master politician that he was, also enlisted Andrew Jackson, another dead slave-owner. In an upper room over his brother-in-law’s store near the corner of Sixth and Adams in Springfield—it was called Yates and Smith—Lincoln was at work on his First Inaugural address in early 1861. The only documents Lincoln requested to have at hand as he wrote were the Constitution, Daniel Webster’s second reply to William Hayne (on the importance of union), Henry Clay’s speech on the Compromise of 1850—and Andrew Jackson’s 1832 Proclamation to the People of South Carolina attacking nullification and secession. In a way, then, Lincoln sent for Andrew Jackson. Jackson—states’-rights man, slaveowner, scourge of the Second Bank of the United States—believed in the Union more than anything else. Part of the reason was personal: he had lost his mother and brothers in the Revolution (his father had died before he was born), had himself been a teenaged prisoner of war in the hands of the British, and he saw America, as he put it, as “one great family.” His own family’s blood had consecrated the Union, and he would not allow anything or anyone—he thought in just these apocalyptic terms—to threaten the thing he held dearest. The example Jackson left to posterity—and now Lincoln was that posterity—was one of effective leadership in a sensitive moment in which the overall goal was achieved sometimes slowly and indirectly, but was nonetheless achieved. “The right of a state to secede is not an open or debatable question,” Lincoln had said at the end of 1860. “It was fully discussed in Jackson’s time, and denied … by him … It is the duty of a President to execute the laws and maintain the existing government. He cannot entertain any proposition for dissolution or dismemberment.” Jackson had taken extraordinary steps in his public career to ensure the ultimate success of the American experiment, imposing martial law on New Orleans a general during the War of 1812—an example, along with the love of union, on which Lincoln drew as the 16th president struggled to lead amid the Civil War. Franklin Roosevelt later remarked that Lincoln “was a sad man because he couldn’t get it all at once. And nobody can.” FDR was largely right, but Lincoln understood the tragedy and reality of history. He knew he and his nation lived in twilight, and that nothing was perfect nor perfectible. Two Democrats When FDR was a small child, he was taken to the White House by his father, James Roosevelt, who was a Grover Cleveland Democrat. President Cleveland had had a long day, and at one point put his hand on young Franklin’s head and said he had a prayer for the boy—that he might never be fated to become president of the United States. As far as we know, few presidential prayers have ever gone as unanswered as that casual one. Franklin Roosevelt was also a great student of history. He loved the idea of himself as a player in the drama of his times (“That was the Garbo in me,” he once joked after watching himself in a newsreel), and in many ways he thought of the White House as a family property not unlike Hyde Park. It was natural, then, for him to think much about those who had come before. Like other presidents, Roosevelt liked in others what he hoped the world would see in him. Roosevelt believed his own struggles through the Depression and later World War II were of a piece with the struggles of Jefferson and Jackson for liberty abroad and equality at home. The interest in Jackson was most evident in the 1930s; that in Jefferson most evident in the early 1940s. In 1934 Roosevelt traveled to the Hermitage, and he insisted on walking—or “stumping,” as he put it in private, darker moments—through a tour of the house. In March 1937, he had the inaugural stand in Washington designed to as a replica of the Hermitage, a tangible sign that he believed his fights were Jackson’s fights. Of Jackson, FDR said: “We look back on his amazing personality, we review his battles because the struggles he went through, the enemies he encountered, the defeats he suffered and the victories he won are part and parcel of the struggles, the enmities, the defeats and the victories of those who have lived in all the generations that have followed.” Jefferson, too, provided Roosevelt with an inspiring example as the world grew dark in the war years. FDR encouraged the building of the Jefferson Memorial on the Tidal Basin and, the bicentennial of Jefferson’s birth, on April 13, 1943, the president traveled the short distance from the White House to dedicate it. He was not shy about drawing comparisons between Jefferson’s age and his own; and, by implication, between Jefferson and himself, or at least between the tasks which confronted the two men. “Jefferson was no dreamer—for half a century he led his State and his Nation in fact and in deed. I like to think that this was so because he thought in terms of the morrow as well as the day—and this was why he was hated or feared by those who thought in terms of the day and the yesterday.” Harry and Dick Harry Truman was that rarest of creatures: a candid politician. In interviews and private notes after he left the White House, Truman left an unusually rich collection of often-tart judgments about his predecessors—judgments informed, to be sure, by his own experience of human nature and of high office. Of Jackson—another man of the people—Truman said: “He wanted sincerely to look after the little fellow who had no pull, and that’s what a president is supposed to do.” In private Truman could be—well, he could be Trumanesque. He lauded Washington, Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln, Polk, Wilson, and FDR. And he hugely admired FDR, but did say that Roosevelt’s “ego, which probably wasn’t too miniscule to start with,” had led him to overreach on the court-packing scheme after the 1936 landslide. Yet he once called Richard Nixon “a shifty-eyed, goddamn liar, and people know it. I can’t figure out how he came so close to getting elected President in 1960. They say young Kennedy deserves a lot of credit for licking him, but I just can’t see it. I can’t see how the son of a bitch even carried one state.” Of Eisenhower, recalling a visit during the 1952-53 transition, Truman said: “He came to see me. I invited him in not long after the election, and he didn’t want to come; I think he didn’t want to interrupt his golf game down in Florida or Georgia or wherever it was, but he finally did come. And he looked around a little, but I could see that nothing that was said was getting through to him. He got there mad, and he stayed mad. One of his troubles … he wasn’t used to being criticized, and he never did get it through his head that that’s what politics is all about. He was used to getting his ass kissed.” An Unlikely Bond One of the more remarkable scenes in recent presidential history came in the spring of 1994, at the funeral of Richard Nixon, the only man other than Franklin Roosevelt to have been a part of five major-party national tickets in the 20th century. Bill Clinton, a son of the generation that came of political age in reaction to the Watergate scandal that forced Nixon’s resignation in 1974, spoke on behalf of the former presidents in attendance—Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George H.W. Bush. As tends to happen in such moments, Clinton found Nixon to be an example of the things Clinton himself wanted for the country. “When he became President, he took on challenges here at home on matters from cancer research to environmental protection, putting the power of the Federal Government where Republicans and Democrats had neglected to put it in the past,” Clinton said. “In foreign policy, he came to the Presidency at a time in our history when Americans were tempted to say we had had enough of the world. Instead, he knew we had to reach out to old friends and old enemies alike. He would not allow America to quit the world.” The incumbent president made a subtle call for something that all presidents—indeed all people—hope for: that they be seen with a sense of proportion and in a spirit of forbearance. “Oh yes, he knew great controversy amid defeat as well as victory. He made mistakes, and they, like his accomplishments, are part of his life and record. But the enduring lesson of Richard Nixon is that he never gave up being part of the action and passion of his times. He said many times that unless a person has a goal, a new mountain to climb, his spirit will die….Today is a day for his family, his friends, and his nation to remember President Nixon’s life in totality. To them, let us say, may the day of judging President Nixon on anything less than his entire life and career come to a close.” We don’t often think of the two in the same frame, but Ronald Reagan’s view of JFK is fascinating not least because, as Reagan himself said, he was “for the other fellow” in 1960—Richard Nixon. In Kennedy, Reagan knew a great showman when he saw one. “Many men are great, but few capture the imagination and the spirit of the times. The ones who do are unforgettable,” he said in June 1985, at an endowment fundraiser for the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library. “Four administrations have passed since John Kennedy’s death, five presidents have occupied the Oval Office, and I feel sure that each of them thought of John Kennedy now and then, and his thousand days in the White House.” Then Reagan let his imagination—that vivid, wonderful imagination—take flight. He went on: “And sometimes I want to say to those who are still in school, and who sometimes think that history is a dry thing that lives in a book: Nothing is ever lost in that great house; some music plays on. I have been told that late at night when the clouds are still and the moon is high, you can just about hear the sound of certain memories brushing by. You can almost hear, if you listen close, the whir of a wheelchair rolling by and the sound of a voice calling out, “And another thing, Eleanor!” Turn down a hall and you can hear the brisk strut of a fellow saying, “Bully! Absolutely ripping!” Walk softly now and you’re drawn to the soft notes of a piano and a brilliant gathering in the East Room, where a crowd surrounds a bright young president who is full of hope and laughter. I don’t know if this is true…but it’s a story I’ve been told. And it’s not a bad one, because it reminds us that history is a living thing that never dies. A life given in service to one’s country is a living thing that never dies.” The certitudes and constructs of campaigns crumble under the relentless force of the complicated reality of the actual job. As Obama remarked at the unveiling of the George W. Bush portrait in June 2012—after thanking the 43rd president for leaving him an excellent TV sports package—“We may have our differences politically, but the presidency transcends those differences. We all love this country. We all want America to succeed.” On that, at least, let’s hope they—and we—can all agree. Meacham, a TIME Contributing Editor-at-Large, is a Pulitzer Prize-winning historian. This essay is adapted from a Presidents’ Day lecture Meacham is to deliver at The University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, on Monday, Feb. 17.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2821
__label__cc	0.512297	0.487703	Feminine hygiene products can be dangerous — so why aren't they regulated? By Erin Switalski, opinion contributor - 05/15/17 03:40 PM EDT On average, a woman will use between 12,000 and 16,000 tampons in her lifetime. Millions of women use tampons and pads on a monthly basis. Yet companies are not required to tell you what goes into products that come into contact with one of the most sensitive and absorptive parts of the body. Because the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies menstrual products like tampons and pads as medical devices, there is currently no legal requirement for manufacturers to disclose the ingredients used in these products. As a result, women rarely have access to a full list of ingredients. This lack of transparency is a big deal. The ingredients in tampons and pads can have very real adverse health impacts. Fragrances, lubricants, lotions, odor-absorbing compounds and even antibacterial compounds may be added to menstrual products by manufacturers. Certain chemicals that can be found in these additives are linked to allergies, irritation, cancer, endocrine disruption and birth defects. In fact, the Food and Drug Administration has received hundreds of reports of adverse reactions in recent years about reactions to pads and tampons that have required medical evaluation and care. You have a right to know what’s in your tampons and pads, just as you have a right to know what’s in your food, shampoo, deodorant or mouthwash. Ingredient disclosure for feminine care products is necessary in providing women the information they need to make educated choices when it comes to their reproductive health. And Congresswoman Grace Meng (D-N.Y.) agrees. Rep. Meng's new bill, the Menstrual Hygiene Product Right to Know Act of 2017 (H.R. 2416), requires menstrual hygiene products that are classified as medical devices to have their ingredients listed on the packaging. Forward-thinking companies are already doing the right thing for women by voluntarily disclosing the ingredients used in their products, but we need complete, universal and full ingredient transparency. Business leaders, including Seventh Generation, are taking the extra step to advocate for transparency industry-wide by joining Women’s Voices for the Earth and some of the nation’s leading environmental and women’s health advocates on May 23, 2017 on Capitol Hill to show support for federal legislation aimed at closing serious gaps in feminine hygiene regulation. We have come to expect ingredient disclosure in foods and cosmetics. We should expect no less from menstrual products, especially given the intimate nature of exposure to a woman’s body. This is a simple, common-sense law necessary to a woman’s health. We support Congresswoman Meng’s Menstrual Hygiene Product Right to Know Act, and urge every member of Congress to do the same. Erin Switalski is the Executive Director of the national environmental health non-profit, Women’s Voices for the Earth; Ashley Orgain is the Director of Mission Advocacy and Engagement at Seventh Generation. The views expressed by contributors are their own and are not the views of The Hill. Tags tampons Feminine hygiene	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2822
__label__wiki	0.709696	0.709696	The Movie Rat Podcast Guest Appearances Bernardo Villela, Author Bernardo Villela, Filmmaker Bernardo Villela, Playwright BAM Awards Democ-Rat Digest #4 31 Days of Oscar March to Disney Poverty Row April Thankful for World Cinema Year-End Dash The Democ-Rat The Electoral College: A Failed School of Thought This is America Dammit: or, Not Giving Up on the Weary Mother of Exiles How to Communicate with Your Rep Undermining the Electoral College in Three Charts Calls to Action: Foster Campbell, The Recount and Electors Why Trump/Conway Messaging on Recounts is Dangerous, Not Just Nonsense Democ-Rat Digest Democ-Rat Digest #2: Races in 2017 Democ-Rat Digest #3: Sign White House Petitions A Fistful of Dollars (Monthly) Shorts! Blogathon: Galloping Bungalows (1924) Bernardo Villela is like a mallrat except at the movies. He is a writer, director, editor and film enthusiast who seeks to continue to explore and learn about cinema, chronicle the journey and share his findings. Sol Lesser Tarzan Thursday: Tarzan and the Trappers (1958) Posted on June 19, 2014 by bernardovillela In 2012 the character of Tarzan celebrated his 100th year in print. A serialized version of the story first appeared in 1912. A hardcover collection of Tarzan of the Apes first appeared in 1914. Being in the middle of the Tarzan centennial period it’s an opportune time to (re)visit many of the screen renditions of the character. Previous posts in this and other series can be found here. Tarzan and the Trappers (1958) Here, not entirely unlike last week, we have a feature film that was created by splicing together. Last week’s was created by cutting together a serial into a feature format. Here you have a proposed TV series that was turned into a film. Now this could equal if not better results than the former treatment, but the material here is quite odd. In many ways it feels as if episode one and two were a single storyline (i.e. a double episode) and then the third act/episode was a new story with similar players that was shoehorned in. Aside from story issues this also creates little gaffes in continuity. For example, Tartu, the name of Tarzan’s son in this tale (Rickie Sorensen) has two distinct haircuts and they jump back and forth over the course of three scenes. Now with these pacing and narrative issues clearly this is one that was going to fall low down the pecking order. This is also one I had seen previously. My initial rating was 3/10 and I was wondering why that was until it became clear there was a narrative break and structuring issue. If there is a lack of a link between episodes and no episodic structure to allow links to be built between episodes like, say Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. did in season one; it had seemed like all cases were isolated then an overarching plot came to the fore. This, and many ventures in the 1950s, was produced by Sol Lesser. Lesser was involved in many Tarzan titles among many other films. The call is not entirely dissimilar to MGM’s, this is another story that deals with Tarzan against animal trappers (granted there are only so many avenues these tales can take). This environmental angle has new angles these days and could play well in a newer version (moreso than treasure which this also touches upon). This Tarzan played by Gordon Scott, is a more literate version and closer to Burroughs initial intention. This film also returns Cheetah the chimpanzee to the series. Scott was a star in a slew of Tarzan’s. His build is better, but his acting, at least in this one, seems as stiff-acting as ever. I would gladly look into a designed feature to try and dispel that. In this tale there is next to no stasis and lots of presumptive givens about who these characters are and what their backstory is and it dives straight into the adventure. This can be a positive if the narrative is strong enough which it is not. While I recently have discussed how TV has become more like film over time this is a clear example of how they are not interchangeable. While there are minute elements that are more appealing here like lack of stock footage cutaways, many bigger elements and production value issues (like the fighting and wasting Scatman Crothers) cannot be overlooked. Still a 3/10. Tarzan Thursday: Tarzan’s Revenge (1938) Posted on January 16, 2014 by bernardovillela Tarzan’s Revenge (1938) If you page through the Poverty Row Studio books you’ll find an entry for a studio established by Edgar Rice Burroughs to bring his characters, mainly Tarzan to the silver screen the way he saw fit. Surely, Burroughs (and his estate) was not the only author ever dissatisfied with screen versions of his story, but a reason for that could be the proliferation of poor films made. Disregarding “accuracy” many of them are just not good and highly disposable works. This particular version though produced by Sol Lesser, who was the architect of many of the character’s onscreen incarnations, was a Fox release. There’s not a lot in Tarzan’s Revenge that stands out as unique and most of it stands out as being so in a bad way. Hunting is a major plot element, and the goal of the hunt is to trap animals for a zoo. Being at another studio there are some things that would have to be different: the love interest is Eleanor (Eleanor Holm) not Jane, the Tarzan call is different, the chimps is a quieter less insane version, and in its defense this Tarzan (Glenn Morris) is a bit more fit. However, many of the issues from the MGM-RKO titles are here too because conventions of the day were too easily obeyed. A map of Africa plays a significant supporting role, ambiguous native, excessive amounts of exposition, Eleanor being disbelieved, lots of swimming and gallivanting. However, there are things uniquely weird here: Tarzan is there but rather passive for a time, the battle for Eleanor’s affection is lame; the bottom line is that this is flat and unengaging. Favorite Older Films First Viewed in 2013 (Part 4 of 5) This is a list I first saw on Rupert Pupkin Speaks. The idea is to list your favorite films from the past year that you saw for the first time, but exclude new releases. This allows much more variety and creates a lot of great suggestions if you read many of them. Since I tracked these films much more closely this year my list grew long. I will occasionally combine selections by theme, but there is enough for five posts. These choices are in no particular order. The Great Ghost Rescue (2011) Family horror is an under-appreciated and under-utilized subgenre. It is usually a delicate balancing act where you have to have elements of a harsher genre keep it true, effective and still palatable for young audiences and hopefully engaging enough for those accompanying said viewers. There are definitely different phases to this narrative, and it’s also one that, at least in its backstory does not fear taking things to the scariest place it can for children (death), but also presents a flip-side offers comedy and a strong lead performance by Toby Hall that elevates it above the ordinary. The Life of Emile Zola (1937) Here was my 31 Days of Oscar take on this film: A Paul Muni biopic strikes again, and perhaps he takes an early lead in the Neutron Star Award race for this year. What’s fascinating is that it chronicles a writer’s rise in typical biopic fashion in act one, then a military frame-up at the head of act two and has them smash together and culminate in a riveting courtroom drama. It distills the essential and best elements of a few subgenres to make a riveting and engaging film that surpasses its formulaic and periodic tropes. Caught up in trying to stay current I was vague, so I will elaborate some: as opposed to his rendition of Pasteur, which had its own interesting take on scientific ideals and fear of new ideas; here we have a man who gets comfortable, perhaps forgetting his roots and then in seeing grave injustice lays his life and reputation on the line. It’s a fascinating, as holistic as possible in a two-hour film as it can be, treatment. It owes much of its success not only to the narrative, but also its structure and also Muni. The Phantom Express (1932) This is the first of the Poverty Row titles on this portion of the list. It’s also one of the more surprising revelations from that theme. As I read and downloaded titles I noted the proclivity for the word phantom in titles. It must’ve scored well in marketing research of the day, it gives an air of mystery and intrigue. Sadly, no film I saw with the word phantom in it had either featured a ghost or been any good. This one at least accomplished the latter and is a highly entertaining tale. It’s not a whodunit so much as a “howdunit” as the perpetrators are revealed early. The film concerns a man who derails a train attempting to make an emergency stop causing many fatalities. He claimed there was an oncoming train he wanted to avoid, there was no record of this supposed train so it was dubbed “The Phantom Express.” The investigation into the mystery, the repeated incidents, the reveal along with explicatory closing monologue are all great. The effects work, mainly miniatures, may look primitive now, but is well done for the time and budgetary constraints. It’s really captivating stuff. In a Year with 13 Moons (1978) Were my list shorter than it is Fassbinder could have easier dominated it rather than just being a prominent theme, which is why I like allowing this list to bloat as it allows more themes to seep through. However, my increased consumption of Fassbinder titles cannot be denied here. In a Year with 13 Moons explains its name with title cards to start, and has the kind of narrative that could easily be exploitative were it wielded by less skilled hands. Here’s a synopsis per the IMDb: This drama follows the last few days in the life of Elvira (formerly Erwin) Weisshaupt. Years before, Erwin told a co-worker, Anton, that he loved him. “Too bad, you aren’t a woman,” he replied. Erwin took Anton at his word. Trying to salvage something from the wreckage love has made of his life, he now hopes that Anton will not reject him again. It could wander into parody, or the absurd; it never threatens to instead it’s just absolutely gutting and virtually pitch perfect. Rainbow on the River (1936) I believe it was first through Movies Unlimited, when they had brick-and-mortar locations, that I first discovered the Sol Lesser-produced musicals that star Bobby Breen. Rainbow on the River, however, is likely the last of them that I can see, as his last outstanding film (Johnny Doughboy) is hard-to-find and overpriced through resellers at Amazon. Fairly often in these films the story was but more than a pretense to get Bobby singing. On the rare occasion both of these combined perfectly. Yes, there’s an uncomfortable postbellum rendition of the south that’s a bit dated, but there’s a predominant fish-out-of-water aspect and fairytale caliber adoptive family that distract from that and get sympathies where the film wants it. The songs are naturalistically instilled and, as usual, brilliantly rendered. To the Left of the Father (2001) This is a film I first heard about years ago when visiting family in Brazil. It’s one I didn’t get a chance to see there and it took a while for it to migrate over and secure North American distribution both in theaters and on home video via Kino Lorber. It’s one that took me even longer to see, I’m a bit embarrassed to admit because of its running time. What you find in this film is an extraordinarily poetic title both in verbal and visual terms that externalizes the inner-workings of the mind extremely well and successfully manipulates time as only film truly can. While it has very internal conflicts it brings them forth, and even while being a very technical “filmmaker’s film” still allows room for the actors to work and drive home the emotions being underscored by the narrative. I’m completely unfamiliar with the written work upon which this film is based and did not find that it’s opaque without having read the book. It may have taken me a while, but it’s testament to Edgar Wright’s statement that “It’s never too late to see a movie.” Gorgo (1961) In hindsight I was rather fortunate in my viewing themes as they are providing most of the content of these selections. This is another 61 Days of Halloween selection that… came to me by way of Stephen King’s list of horror films in Danse Macabre. I have to admit, I chuckled a bit and had some trepidation when I saw that this was a monster movie. After all I’m fairly sure that during the period from which King curated the list (1950-1980) there were other, more well-known giant-monster-attacks-city films; most notably the Japanese brood. So what makes Gorgo special? I soon realized what it was and it’s not really about the fact that this species of prehistoric beast is discovered off the coast of an Irish isle, but rather the thing the film does in just 78 minutes. There’s a period of time wherein the film is like a proto-Jaws. There is a threat identified and a mostly unseen enemy. There is a plan to try and take it down. What occurs then is a spin on King Kong, which has also been done. One notable example I viewed, that didn’t really work out, was Jurassic Park: The Lost World. However, here it does work because that second twist on the average monster film isn’t the last. It’s also another brisk selection that’s worth looking up. Imitation of Life (1934) One interesting thing about this title is that after having seen it I discovered it one of friend’s all-time favorite films, which got me thinking about that aspect. Specifically about how some overlooked titles can affect people. Even before I was made to realize and reflect upon that I had before me the film and there were many notable things about that made it stand out to me. Merely being ahead of one’s time is a great in and of itself, however, that alone doesn’t make for a great drama. What’s fortunate is that for this film it has both. Imitation of Life deals with race about as openly, maturely and progressively as any film of its era – if you can fault it for anything cinematically it’s being slightly repetitious (But it addresses that), in social terms it discusses and even challenges norms. This was considered a dangerous films and Universal was strongly urged not to make it. Not only does it deal with race relations but in having Delilah’s daughter be able to pass for white, it also implies miscegenation, which was at the time one of the biggest taboos there was. However, as I said without a compelling narrative all of the above is just a footnote. Bea’s chance meeting with Delilah snowballs in a very compelling way into a most unlikely friendship and partnership. The trials as single mothers also form dueling subplots that at times are equally compelling. The only knock I thought I had against it was that I wanted more focus on the more unusual plot, but based on the way things play out it is handled properly. Blossoms in the Dust (1941) Perhaps one of the biggest laments in all my TCM 31 Days of Oscar watching has been the fact that I didn’t sit and watch all of Greer Garson’s consecutive Oscar-nominated roles back-to-back. Since that block aired I’ve been trying to make up for it and I haven’t been disappointed yet. Here’s my reaction to my latest find: This was actually I found in a drug store on Oscar Day in 2012, this was after my having missed this on a TCM broadcast. This film is part of Greer Garson’s legendary run of five consecutive Oscar Nominations for Best Actress and six in seven years. Yes, this film doesn’t get away with not having its stump-speeches and it does give a classical Hollywood whirlwind treatment to and elongated tale, but it is so tremendously moving and gorgeous to look at. Watch it for the the acting, watch for Karl Freund working in color and stay for the tale, which when it really has to, when it wants to hit home, holds up just enough. It took me a while to get this one off my to watch pile, but it certainly was a memorable viewing. There are plenty of jaw-dropping moments in the film. I also learned a few things so it has the righteous indignation angle working for it too. There are two titles on this section of the list with the word Ghost in the title. Only one, however, can stake any claim to being a straight horror film and this isn’t the one. There’s plenty going on in both, more so here: Perhaps the first thing that struck me as a side note is that this is the first of the selections I chose that struck me as being very Pre-Code, though its December 1st, 1934 release date made it after promised Code re-enforcement. Most of that impression has to do with the theatrical producer and his the male secretary, the secretary both in affectation and through dialogue directed at him, is being portrayed as gay – perhaps the biggest code taboo. This all leads me to my second point, which is had the acting not been of such quality, the lines not as well-timed or funny, this film would’ve been ridiculous. Instead it’s one of the funnier films I’ve seen in a while. Granted the horror/thriller portions are intended too and the first act pantomimes a straight horror film excellently, but the comedy is very much by design and laugh out loud funny. I've just watched episode S03E18 of Andi Mack! #andimack #tvtime tvtime.com/r/16vXT https://t.co/jBkDgfWEGV 5 hours ago Yet again I’m reminded of the “think-pieces” in 2016 about how it was wrong and a bad campaign move for Hillary to… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 16 hours ago RT @AliVelshi: As the child of parents and grandparents who fought opression, I think the best part of being an immigrant to America is tha… 18 hours ago RT @ewarren: You may have heard, but I’ve got a plan (several, actually) for that! twitter.com/TeamWarren/sta… 18 hours ago If if this were true, you’re overflowing them and making asylum illegal to the chagrin of the international communi… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 18 hours ago Forrest Gump: An Analysis Short Film Saturday: The 100th Job Once Upon a Time in the 80s: Kidco (Part 16 of 17) Short Film Saturday: Andy (2017) Tarzan Thursday: Tarzan (1999) Short Film: Headlong Hero Whipped: Comics and the Studio System (Part 3) For the Return of the Juvenile Award Blu-ray Review: Francesco (1989) Tarkovsky Thursday: Andrei Rublev (1966) The Movie Rat’s Vault The Movie Rat’s Vault Select Month July 2019 January 2019 December 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 In Memoriam: Cameron Boyce …And the 2018 BAM Award goes to… 2018 BAM Nominations Still here, and Year-End Posts are Coming! 61 Days of Halloween BAM Awards BAM Best Picture Profile Blogathon Book Review Christmas Special Review Commentary Comparative Analysis Film Activism Film Thought Free Movie Friday Hero Whipped Keys to a Better Life as a Fanboy List Make Your Own Film Festival March to Disney Mini-Review Mini-Review Round-Up Music Video Monday Once Upon a Time in the 80s Oscars Paper Poverty Row April Review Shameless Self-Promotion Short Film Saturday Tarzan Thursday Thankful For World Cinema Uncategorized Updates Follow The Movie Rat on WordPress.com Follow @BernardoVillela	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2825
__label__wiki	0.895153	0.895153	Google bids on ‘g.co.uk’ domain name by Paul Sawers — in UK One and two-letter ‘.co.uk’ domain names were made available by Nominet last December, and Google has bid to buy g.co.uk, as reported today by the FT. Whilst Google hasn’t announced what it will use the domain for as of yet if successful, some other big digital brands have already been granted their single letter domain – Yahoo! has secured y.co.uk, whilst Virgin has nabbed V.co.uk. Elsewhere, T-Mobile’s parent company Deutsche Telekom is up against Huawei and a number of other big brands to secure the rights to t.co.uk. Several two letter .co.uk domains have been available since the early days of the Internet, such as BT.co.uk. But these were registered before Nominet’s formation. Since 1996, it has been impossible to register domain names consisting of less than three characters in the UK. In terms of two-letter domains, DIY chain B&Q recently secured the rights to BQ.co.uk under a special trademark scheme, and this is the same initiative which secured Yahoo! and Virgin their single letter domains. Following two registering phases so far, the ‘open to anyone’ land-rush phase is now underway and runs until 15th of June. Domains with more than one applicant will go to auction, and this could see some pretty high figures reached for the likes of A.co.uk. There has been speculation that some of the letters not covered by trademarks could be snapped up by third parties such as cybersquatters or domain resellers, and this could well happen. However, if the buyer is shown to have procured a domain in bad faith, e.g. to exploit an existing brand, their purchase could be later challenged in court. Read next: TNW's Daily Dose - 24 hours of tech news in 5 minutes [Audio]	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2826
__label__cc	0.738706	0.261294	Bible, Reviews In the Bleak Midwinter by Matthew Gilbert: Christmas Album Review If you are like me, you love Christmas music and every year you listen to the same albums! Because of this, I am also very selective. I cannot just let any album invade my regular Christmas playlist. The album has to cover songs that I love and the songs have to be creative musically. A lot of Christmas albums sound the same, but there are a few that are truly unique. One such album is In the Bleak Midwinter by Matthew Gilbert. The album starts strongly with “God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen.” The song has a hauntingly beautiful feel to it and sets the tone for the remainder of the album. My personal favorite is the second track, “We Three Kings,” which starts off with a catchy drum beat that keeps you moving throughout the song. If you know the original lyrics, you will also notice the lyric changes in the chorus (“star of light…guide us through the darkest night”) and the combination of original verses in the second verse. I have not heard a Christmas song quite like it, and that’s a great thing! The next track is “O Come O Come Emmanuel,” which features more beautiful strings and electric guitar. “Angels We Have Heard on High” picks up the pace before reverting back to a more mellow sound in “What Child Is This.” Another upbeat song is “Joy to the World” which is a creative rendition and has an original chorus. “Carol of the Bells” is the only instrumental on the album and has some strong builds that keep you engaged. Another album highlight is the original song, “Heart Home.” The lyrics reflect on how we missed the birth of Jesus the first time. But in the here and now, we can make a place for Jesus and the peace, love and joy that He brings. The chorus triumphantly proclaims: “We make a place for peace here now/We have a thirst for love/We will make room for joy here now/Come make our hearts Your home.” One of my favorite Christmas songs is “O Holy Night,” and Matt gives us over 7 minutes of beautiful vocals and instrumentation in his version. This leads into “Away in a Manger,” which features an original bridge that rounds out the song nicely. The album closes with “In the Bleak Midwinter,” which at first “tricks” you into thinking it is an instrumental until the vocals begin in the second half of the song. The track makes for a perfect closer and fits well with the rest of the album. The most amazing thing about this album is that every instrument and part (besides the cello) was recorded by Matt himself. He is very talented and his creative skills shine through on his first album. As a drummer myself, I appreciate the creative beats and instrumentation throughout the album. I have already added In the Bleak Midwinter to my Christmas playlist, and I think you should too. Simply put, if you want a beautiful Christmas album that sounds different from what you hear on the radio and elsewhere, then pick this one up today! You can purchase In the Bleak Midwinter on iTunes here or on Amazon here. You can also stream the album on YouTube here. Carey Bryant December 10, 2018 December 11, 2018 Album, Album Review, Christmas, Christmas Music, God, Jesus, Jesus Christ, Merry Christmas, Music, Record, Review, Singing, Songs Previous Previous post: The Prayer Wheel: A Visual Aid for Prayer Next Next post: 7 Ways to Experience Relationship with Christ in 2019	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2830
__label__wiki	0.80372	0.80372	Securitas Community Awards 2014: The Winners The fifth annual Securitas Community Awards were presented at the Tortworth Court Hotel in Gloucestershire on Thursday 19 June. The awards are designed to recognise the outstanding work by Securitas employees during the last 12 months. A number of reward schemes, based on performance and contribution to the community, culminate in the annual awards ceremony. Winners were announced in nine categories and finalists and invited guests enjoyed listening to stories of impressive acts of innovation, bravery and community initiatives. The 2014 winners are as follows: Securitas Community Award: Michael Seggie Securitas Community Award for Core Values: Karl McLean Securitas Community Award for Integrity: Christopher Durham Securitas Community Award for Vigilance: Saif Ul Haq Securitas Community Award for Helpfulness: Andrew Longbottom Securitas Community Team Award: Emergency Fire Crew Capability Securitas Community Award for Innovation: Pete Lidbetter Securitas Community Award for Leadership: Peter Langley Securitas Community Award for the Most Outstanding Act: Trevor Thompson Proud winners of the Securitas Community Awards 2014 Commenting on the evening, Securitas’ Chief Operating Officer Shaun Kennedy said: “Tonight is an excellent chance for us to reward and recognise the acts of our people working across the whole of the UK. The company has 16,000 officers. Those here tonight are the ‘Best of the Best’, and every one of them should be extremely proud of their achievements.” Securitas Good Customer Award 2014 In addition, Marks & Spencer was announced as the winner of the 2014 Securitas Good Customer Award. Part of the company’s annual Community Awards event, this category is designed to reward those customers who have contributed greatly to an improvement in the standards and perception of the security industry as a whole. The Judging Panel was chaired by Brian Sims Hon FSyI, Editor of Risk UK, and included Aaron Grant (Head of Security at Aviva UK) who presented the award. The Judges examined finalists’ procurement strategies, how they work with their security suppliers and how quality of security provision has improved as a result. Marks & Spencer was judged to have done the most to improve the procurement and effective development of its security services. Brian Riis Nielsen – Securitas’s Country President and UK Managing Director – said: “It’s very clear Marks & Spencer understands the importance of security to the business. The company understands that, without the significant investment of time, expertise and money in its security provision, the business would be at considerable risk.” Clint Reid (Head of Corporate Security at Marks & Spencer who received the award) commented: “It really is an honour to win this award. It reinforces our long-standing partnership with Securitas, which is built on a strong foundation of trust.” Reid went on to state: “We work with Securitas to ensure our training package and development programme pushes the boundaries of delivery. We have worked together to realign its structure to the needs of the customer and to add substantial value to our loss prevention/corporate security delivery.” Reid continued: “I’m proud to say that, in Securitas, we have a security partner who understands not only what our customers want, but one that’s also able to collaborate on projects and ways of working which deliver significant benefits to M&S.” Brian Riis Nielsen also stated: “Marks & Spencer’s security strap line is ‘Protecting our People, Property, Profit and Brand’. Without doubt, the company is committed to delivering security excellence. I’m pleased to say that, in partnership with Securitas, Marks & Spencer has undertaken an exciting journey on the way to delivering a revolutionary and industry-leading approach to a total security solution.” Raising money for excellent charities The 2014 Community Awards event raised £2,000 for this year’s dedicated charities, namely Help for Heroes and St Teresa’s Hospice. “Securitas holds a lot of award ceremonies across the 52 countries in which it operates,” explained Brian Riis Nielsen. “However, the UK Community Awards is the only one that brings together our customers, partners and suppliers in the same room to celebrate the achievements of our people. To me, that is unique and something about which we can all be very proud indeed.” In conclusion, Securitas’ UK leader said: “Our officers often comment that they are just ‘doing what they do’, but they should all go home tonight with their heads held high. I hope they will encourage their fellow officers to believe that it could be their turn next year!” Tagged as Aviva, Good Customer Award, Guarding, IFSECGlobal.com, M&S, Pro-Activ Publications, Risk UK, Securitas, Securitas Community Awards 2014, security, TheSecurityLion Regulation of Private Investigations: Latest Update from the SIA On 31 July 2013, the Home Secretary announced the Government’s intention for the Security Industry Authority (SIA) to regulate private investigation activities. On 30 June 2014, Home Office Minister Lord Taylor set out the Government’s position on the regulation of private investigations. In answer to questions asked in the House of Lords, Lord Taylor of Holbeach said that the Government expects the regulations to license the activity of private investigations to come into force in 2015. The Government also expects the introduction of licensing of private security businesses to come into force in 2015, followed thereafter by private investigation businesses. On 30 June, Home Office Minister Lord Taylor set out the Government’s position on the regulation of private investigations The Security Industry Authority (SIA) will continue to work with the Home Office, which has responsibility for introducing the regulation of the private investigation sector. In advance of the regulation date, the SIA will engage with the security industry to update the ‘Get Licensed’ criteria, and will continue to publicise widely further information about the proposed regulation of private investigations. Who will need a licence? The Private Security Industry Act 2001 defines the licensable activities of private investigations. The Home Office intends to review this definition to ensure that it remains fit for purpose. Questions relating to whether specific activities will be licensable in future should be directed to the Home Office. According to the Act, a given individual will need an SIA licence if they’re involved in any surveillance, inquiries or investigations that are carried out for the purposes of: (1) Obtaining information about a particular person or about the activities or whereabouts of a particular person, or… (2) Obtaining information about the circumstances in which, or means by which, property has been lost or damaged Anyone involved in providing contracted private investigation services will require a licence. This includes employees, employers, managers, supervisors and directors* or partners of private investigation companies. It’s unclear if the Home Office will also wish the SIA to regulate ‘in-house’ private investigations. For the purposes of the Private Security Industry Act 2001, the term ‘director’ means executive and non-executive directors, shadow directors, parent company directors and corporate entities holding a directorship Activities not requiring a licence According to the Act, the following activities will not require a licence: Activities exclusively for the purposes of market research Activities exclusively concerned with a credit check Professional activities of practising solicitors and Barristers Professional activities of practising accountants Professional activities of journalists and broadcasters, and activities exclusively relating to obtaining information for journalists and broadcasters Activities exclusively relating to reference to registers which are open to the public, registers or records to which a person has a right of access and published works Activities carried out with the knowledge or consent of the subject of the investigation Penalties administered for non-compliance The penalty for working as an unlicensed private investigator will be (upon summary conviction at a Magistrate’s Court, Sheriff Court or District Court) a maximum of six months imprisonment and/or a fine of up to £5,000. The penalty for supplying unlicensed staff will be (upon summary conviction at a Magistrate’s Court, Sheriff Court or District Court) a maximum of six months imprisonment and/or a fine of up to £5,000. Upon conviction on indictment at Crown Court, High Court of Justiciary or Sheriff and jury trial, the penalty will be an unlimited fine and/or up to five years imprisonment. Tagged as Home Office, Licensing, Lord Taylor of Holbeach, Private Investigations, Private Investigators, Pro-Activ Publications, Regulation, Risk UK, security, Security Industry Authority, SIA, TheSecurityLion HMIC asks public for views on new assessments of police forces in England and Wales Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) has launched a consultation in relation to its new approach to assessing police force performance in England and Wales. This new programme of inspections – also known as PEEL (Police Efficiency, Effectiveness and Legitimacy) assessments – will assess how well each of the 43 forces in England and Wales provides value for money (efficiency), cuts crime (effectiveness) and provides a service that’s fair and treats people properly (legitimacy). Each force will be assessed against these three themes, and given one of four ratings for each theme: Outstanding, Good, Requires improvement or Inadequate. HMIC will publish the results of these assessments in a user-friendly format, making it easy for members of the public to discern at a glance how well their local force is performing and, over time, whether that performance is improving or deteriorating. Tom Winsor: Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Constabulary This consultation gives the public the opportunity to have their say on the approach used to make these assessments, as well as the way they will be presented. The consultation period will run until Friday 29 August 2014 so everyone with an interest in policing – including the public and the service – will have an opportunity to have their say. Major undertaking for the Inspectorate HM Chief Inspector of Constabulary Tom Winsor said: “Our new programme of all-force assessments is a major undertaking for the Inspectorate, and will have significant implications for the police and, therefore, the public. This is not assessment for assessment’s sake – the new inspection programme will allow the public to see clearly the performance of their local force.” Winsor added: “These all-force inspections will make a material contribution to the way in which the police service improves the service it provides to the public. With this in mind, we are offering members of the public the chance to give us their views about how we conduct these assessments and what they should look like.” In conclusion, Winsor commented: “I encourage everyone with an interest in the service their local police force offers to the community to read and respond to the consultation. This input will be invaluable in how we highlight both good practice within policing, and the areas where forces are falling short.” Respond to the consultation Consultation on HMIC’s programme for regular force inspections Tagged as HMIC, Home Office, Policing, Pro-Activ Publications, Risk UK, security, TheSecurityLion, Tom Winsor	cc/2019-30/en_head_0007.json.gz/line2833

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