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__label__cc	0.630233	0.369767	NMA E-Newsletter #172: Guidelines for Videotaping Traffic Stops April 29, 2012 • CIVIL, CRIMINAL, EMAIL NEWSLETTER, ILLINOIS, MARYLAND, MASSACHUSETTS, NEWSLETTER, TRAFFIC STOP, VIDEOTAPING As mobile technology becomes ubiquitous, more and more NMA members ask us about recording traffic stops. We’re typically cautious in our response, since the fallout for engaging in what is (or should be) a basic right, can still be quite severe. In a previous E-newsletter (Issue #77, YouTube Video vs. Wiretap Laws) we described the case of Anthony Graber, who posted online footage of a traffic stop in Maryland. Graber was subsequently harassed by police and faced up to 16 years in prison for violating Maryland’s wiretap law. Charges against him were eventually dropped. In another case, Simon Glik was charged with illegal wiretapping for videotaping Boston police arresting a suspect. After a judge threw out the charges, Glik filed a federal civil rights suit against the city and the arresting officers. He eventually received $170,000 in damages and legal fees from the City of Boston. Prior to the settlement, the First Circuit Court of Appeals unanimously ruled that Glik had a “constitutionally protected right to videotape police carrying out their duties in public.” The Boston Police Department now explicitly instructs its officers not to arrest citizens who are openly recording them in public Both cases have been resolved successfully, but not before citizens engaging in protected actions were subjected to police intimidation, arrest, and lengthy and expensive court proceedings. Note that there is an important legal distinction between the taking of a photo (which has long been protected) and the recording of audio (even as part of a video), which some states have tried to regulate using wiretapping laws. This is where the legal pitfalls lie and why you should be careful. If you choose to record a traffic stop for use in future proceedings or simply to document how police carry out their duties, what can you do to protect yourself? Know the Law in Your State The law in 38 states permits recording with the consent of one party to the conversation. That means you can record your own interactions with officers without violating wiretap laws since you’re one of the parties. Twelve states require the consent of all parties before you begin recording. However, in all but two of those states (Massachusetts and Illinois) courts have ruled that those requirements do not apply to on-duty police officers because they have no expectation of privacy. In other words, it’s technically legal in the other 48 states to openly record on-duty police. Note, however, that some courts have ruled that police do have an expectation of privacy when their duties are taking place out of public view. Don’t Record in Secret Regardless of the state, it is almost always illegal to record a conversation to which you are not a party, do not have consent to tape, and could not naturally overhear. As a result, individuals who have secretly recorded police in their duties have found themselves facing criminal charges. In most cases charges are dropped, but, again, not before the defendant has faced significant legal exposure. Know How to Respond If the officer becomes confrontational or questions your right to record, consider the guidelines for how to respond during any traffic stop. Be polite, but assertive. If the officer asks you to stop recording or says it’s illegal, calmly state the provisions of state law that protect your right to do so. Remember, in general, police cannot confiscate your camera/phone without a warrant or reasonable suspicion that a crime has been committed. Don’t Take a Threatening Posture Don’t stick your camera/phone in the officer’s face. Try to hold it at waist level and tilt it up a few degrees. It will be less obtrusive and less likely to provoke the officer. Also, avoid suddenly grabbing for your camera as the officer approaches. You don’t want the officer to mistake it for a weapon.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1477
__label__cc	0.516696	0.483304	Choose your victims well By John Carr , NMA Massachusetts Activist • December 6, 2018 • 0 Comments • John Carr, MASSACHUSETTS There’s a legal principle called the “eggshell skull” rule. It says you have an obligation to choose your victims well. I’ll tell you the rest of the story about three men who chose poorly. I’ve mentioned them before when the cases were still pending. Their crimes would have been much less, or not prosecuted, if the victims had been different. Two years ago a driver hit the wrong pedal, went off the road, and killed two customers in a pizza shop in West Newton, Massachusetts. Criminal charges followed. It struck me as a borderline case. Not a frivolous case, a borderline case. The law here is clear that you can be held criminally responsible for mistakes you make while driving. Even “just an accident” type mistakes. But the driver’s bad health was responsible and the usual way to handle that is license revocation. Several years earlier an age-related fatal accident on the other side of Newton had been plea bargained down to probation and loss of license. Maybe the dead people had political connections. Maybe extensive press coverage made an impression. Either way, when the driver offered to plead guilty the judge said he would go to jail for two years. That’s about ten times as long as normal for a fatal accident involving deliberate dangerous driving. Interviewed about sentencing disparity in motor vehicle homicide cases, an attorney said “It is common to see someone get probation if it’s just a straight accident”. Earlier this year a man got one month for killing a man walking in the road to get his mail. A Springfield man got six months, but he had a bad driving record and the sentence was longer because he refused a plea deal. After hearing the proposed sentence the driver in the West Newton crash also wasn’t willing to take a plea deal. He bet on a sympathetic jury and lost. The judge sentenced him to four years, doubling the earlier sentence as punishment for not pleading guilty. Another accident that got a lot of publicity involved a driver who went airborne while fleeing police and killed four passengers. The deaths got lots of news coverage. Given the publicity I figured it was going to be a four or five year sentence when all was done. Wrong. The driver is going to prison for 11 years even with the discount for pleading guilty. That’s the longest sentence I can remember in Massachusetts except in the case where the prosecutor got a murder conviction for a car accident. That sentence is above the guideline for straight up manslaughter without a motor vehicle. As a society we usually consider motor vehicle-related injuries less serious than injuries caused by a weapon. That’s a custom, not a law, and enough people crying over dead teenagers can overrule custom. And then there’s the Missouri sheriff who abused law enforcement privileges to track people. Everybody does it and almost nobody faces any consequences. But Sheriff Hutcheson made the mistake of looking up location information for police and a judge. Last month he pleaded guilty to fraud charges. He had to resign and there’s a chance he could go to federal prison. The lesson is clear. If you hit the wrong pedal, do it in a less wealthy city than Newton. When you flee police, do it with older passengers, preferably with criminal records. And if you do stalk somebody, pick some random hot girl instead of a judge. It’s not just a good idea. It’s the law. The opinions expressed in this post belong to the author and do not necessarily represent those of the National Motorists Association or the NMA Foundation. This content is for informational purposes and is not intended as legal advice. No representations are made regarding the accuracy of this post or the included links. Close to the edge Today’s the fourth of July Choose your victims well (continued) It’s OK when we do it	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1478
__label__cc	0.737418	0.262582	MSC Cargo Shipping Line Continues South African Beach Clean-Up into 2018 MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A. is pleased to report the conclusion of the Durban harbour clean-up following a freak storm and wishes to reassure the public that the remaining assessment and clean-up of “nurdles” on South African beaches will continue into 2018. The “nurdles” which have turned up on the beaches are pea-sized pre-production plastic pellets used to make every day household objects such as plastic cups and paddling pools. They were being transported in two shipping containers which fell into the water during normal discharge operations on 10 October. The containers were particularly vulnerable at that time, as they had been loosened for unloading, in line with standard port operations procedures, when the hurricane-force winds, torrential rains and flash-floods hit the port of Durban and surrounding region in what amounted to a provincial disaster. The South African Maritime Safety Authority attributed the cause of the incident to the unexpected severity of the storm, not to any negligence by MSC or the cargo owner. As MSC has reported in previous statements, the clean-up is being led by Nick Sloane of Resolve Marine Group, a salvage and emergency response company with global experience and local knowledge. Resolve, working with South African company Drizit Environmental, has been assessing beaches via light aircraft and drone surveillance, in vehicles and on foot, and deploying teams where appropriate to extract the “nurdles”. MSC thanks the members of the public who have performed the civic duty of identifying “nurdle” deposits, as this helps the clean-up teams target their work. Due to the weather, ocean currents and tidal movements, “nurdles” have appeared gradually since the storm and certain beaches have been re-charged after the initial cleaning. The teams have worked tirelessly from 4.30am each day to scour the coastline to the north and south of Durban, to Port Elizabeth and beyond. Resolve and Drizit have used boat patrols, dive teams, industrial vacuums, spades and giant sieves to locate and extract the “nurdles”. During the Christmas holiday period efforts are being focused away from the crowds at popular beaches in order to be as efficient as possible. The issue continues to be treated with urgency and volunteer groups are playing an important complementary role in picking up “nurdles” and leaving them at designated collection points for Resolve and Drizit to retrieve. Resolve and Drizit attend regular meetings with the Department of Environmental Affairs, South African Maritime Safety Authority, Transnet National Ports Authority, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife and environmental groups to discuss the progress of current operations and forward planning. MSC and its insurers wish to highlight that Resolve and Drizit were engaged before any formal instruction from the South African government and that the clean-up has been led by the private sector and volunteers from the public since the beginning. The government has at no point criticized the response from MSC or its insurers and an October 27 directive requiring MSC to take action as the ship owner affected by the storm was issued only as a formality. MSC is pleased to have had some positive feedback from local communities on the quality of work being performed. Journalists can contact MSC at its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland: media@msc.com	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1481
__label__cc	0.584658	0.415342	MSC Accelerates Durban Harbour Clean-up After Freak Storm Caused “Nurdle” Spill MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company is accelerating the clean-up of plastic pellets known as “nurdles” after a freak storm caused a quantity of cargo to fall into Durban harbour. As a leading global container shipping line, MSC calls frequently at the Port of Durban and imports a variety of materials and goods that play a key role in the South African economy, including foodstuffs and industrial products. MSC is a key supporter of South African importers and exporters in all industries. Small, pre-production plastic pellets are legal cargo with practical purposes, such as the manufacture of plastic bottles, buckets, children’s toys and paddling pool liners. MSC transports these pellets between the companies which make them and the companies that use them for manufactured goods. Unfortunately, some of these pellets made their way from the cargo-owner’s bags into the water of Durban harbour during the epic storm of 10 October. MSC is facing storm-damage losses of about $10 million due to impact of the severe weather on three MSC ships on that day. Wind and rain ravaged the harbour, roads and homes in what amounted to a provincial disaster. MSC is grateful to the members of the public who acted as first responders and helping with the initial stages of the clean-up, before the owner of the cargo of plastic pellets appointed a specialist company, Drizit Environmental, to clean 200 kilometres of beaches. For its part, MSC also moved swiftly to engage an experienced global salvage and emergency response company, Resolve Marine Group, led by industry-leading expert Nick Sloane, as noted in an earlier statement on 28 October. Although the spill is undisputedly due to a natural phenomenon of extraordinary magnitude for which MSC is not at fault, MSC has taken over the clean-up of the harbour in recent days in order to expedite the process. As a global marine company we have deep knowledge of how to tackle such situations and we have strong relationships with experts in the field. Resolve and Drizit, which have been collaborating on the problem since 24 October, have stepped up the clean-up and are now using specialized boats and machinery to extract materials from the harbour water. Workers are also painstakingly sieving sand by hand on the beaches in search of “nurdles”. MSC wishes to clarify that the government is acting only as a monitor of the work led by the shipping line and cargo owner and MSC of course does not expect the taxpayer to foot the bill for the clean-up. MSC also continues to cooperate with Transnet National Ports Authority and all the parties involved in the clean-up are in daily contact. All media enquiries should be addressed to MSC headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland: media@msc.com / +41 79 754 8827	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1482
__label__cc	0.668565	0.331435	University of Texas Medical School at Houston You are here: Home / University of Texas Medical School at Houston http://www.med.uth.tmc.edu/ http://web.unthsc.edu/education/tcom Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine http://medicine.tamhsc.edu/ University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio http://som.uthscsa.edu/ http://www.bcm.tmc.edu/ University of Texas Medical BranchSchool of Medicine http://www.som.utmb.edu/ Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Paul L. Foster School of Medicine http://www.ttuhsc.edu/fostersom/ Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine http://www.ttuhsc.edu/som/ University of Texas Southwestern Medical School at Dallas http://www8.utsouthwestern.edu/home/education/m...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1483
__label__cc	0.624496	0.375504	Cannabis legalization and farm safety considerations The occupational health and safety risks associated with farming have long been known. The introduction of recreational (legalized) cannabis, which will take effect on October 17, 2018, adds uncertainty for farmers, even if they are not part of the cannabis production or growing industry. All provinces and territories have occupational health and safety legislation that broadly applies to all industries, including farming and agribusiness. While the specific requirements may differ from one jurisdiction to the next, most require that a farming or agribusiness employer prepare and review, at least annually, a written occupational health and safety policy, as well as develop and maintain a program to implement that policy. In Ontario, for example, an employer who regularly employs more than five employees must have a program in place to implement its occupational health and safety policy. In Saskatchewan, most employers with 10 or more workers must have an occupational health and safety program. Workplace occupational health and safety policies and programs play an important role with respect to recreational cannabis. Written policies that are communicated to staff through regular training and reminders establish expectations around employee behaviour while at work. By clearly setting expectations around impairment on the farm, agribusiness and farming employers can then rely on those expectations for performance management (discipline) or as part of a due diligence defence in the event an incident occurs that causes damage to equipment or person, and leads to occupational health and safety charges. While farming and agribusiness occupational health and safety policies may more often focus on the use of large farm equipment or procedures specific to the farming operation, it is equally important to consider the use of workplace policies for impairment. Recreational cannabis will be treated much like alcohol – employees are still expected to attend at work fit for duty and are not permitted to consume alcohol or cannabis while at the work site. However, cannabis legalization is a good opportunity to ensure your farming or agribusiness occupational health and safety policies meet best standards, which includes updating your policies to include expectations around impairment in the workplace and how suspected impairment will be treated by the farming employer. Miller Thomson is always pleased to assist employers with updating or drafting their workplace policies, including worksite occupational health and safety policies and programs. Please contact Amy Groothuis and Carol S. VandenHoek for more information. Originally published on 28 June 2018 on the Miller Thomson website	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1486
__label__wiki	0.609417	0.609417	« Index of Musician Biographies :: Aubrey Haynie to Jack Ingram Engelbert Humperdinck Biography Find Engelbert Humperdinck on Amazon.com Born Arnold George Dorsey, in Leicester, England, May 1, 1936; married wife Patricia in 1964; children: Louise, Jason, Scott, Bradley. Military service: British Armed Forces, 1954-56. Addresses: Office--Engelbert Humperdinck Headquarters, Attention: Louise Dorsey, P.O. Box 5734, Beverly Hills, CA 90209-5734. Maintaining a multiple-decade career as a singer is not an easy task. Remaining a sex symbol for that duration is even harder, yet that is precisely the achievement of England's balladeer Engelbert Humperdinck. Knighted "The King of Romance" by fans and the popular music press, Humperdinck has sold an average of five million records a year since the mid-1960s and has established himself as one of the world's premiere live performers in a number of sold-out tours. However, it has not been Humperdinck's bronze- skinned good looks alone that have caused the attraction but a truly remarkable voice capable of spanning three-and-a-half octaves. Tempering talent and devotion with a humble, genteel persona, Humperdinck has become a veritable institution of the entertainment industry. The early years of Humperdinck's life are unremarkable and sometimes have been embellished by zealous publicity agents. Born Arnold George Dorsey in Leicester, England, on May 1, 1936, Humperdinck grew up with ten brothers and sisters in a working- class family. His dabblings in music began at age 11, when he took up playing the saxophone. Although amateur attempts at singing soon followed, Humperdinck did not commit himself to music until after he had served two years in the British armed forces, stationed in Germany during the mid-1950s. Upon his return to England, Humperdinck soon found himself singing publicly for the first time. His first break came in 1958, when he was tapped by a talent agent who had seen Humperdinck perform in a local talent contest. Impressed by the vocal precision of a singer lacking formal training, the agent managed to cut a deal with Decca Records. A year later, Humperdinck released his first single, "Crazy Bells," under the name Gerry Dorsey. However, a record deal does not ensure success, and the sporadic Gerry Dorsey records made for Decca would only be a footnote in Humperdinck's career. The singer continued along the British club circuit with only moderate recognition until he was adopted by manager Gordon Mills. Mills, who later helped Welsh singer Tom Jones achieve fame, became Humperdinck's mentor, creating the suave image that the singer retained throughout his career. Rather than marketing his protege as a teen pin-up, Mills opted to focus upon Humperdinck's "gentlemanly" personality. It was then that Humperdinck dropped the name Gerry Dorsey to step into the name of a 19th century German opera composer. With a new image of charm and an association with high culture, Humperdinck was soon to take off. In 1967, in a turn of events seemingly taken from a musical or film melodrama, Humperdinck was contacted to be a last minute replacement on the popular variety show Saturday Night at the London Palladium when its scheduled star, Dickie Valentine, fell ill. Humperdinck performed "Release Me," a single that had just been released on Parrot Records, and the result was almost instant stardom for the singer. The song quickly hit the number one slot on the British music charts, and this success reflected on the U.S. music charts as well. At its peak, the "Release Me" single sold an unprecedented 85,000 copies daily, but moreover, the slow, powerful ballad became Humperdinck's signature tune, and a staple among adult vocals fans. Almost immediately, Humperdinck began to amass legions of devoted fans, most of them female. On these grounds, coupled with the fact that most of Humperdinck's recordings are love songs, some critics immediately dismissed the singer as a mere "crooner." While Humperdinck cannot be said to have made significant musical innovations, the freshness, energy, and range of Humperdinck's delivery set him apart from other show business Romeos. As Humperdinck told the Hollywood Reporter's Rick Sherwood, "if you are not a crooner it's something you don't want to be called. No crooner has the range I have--I can hit notes a bank couldn't cash. What I am is a contemporary singer, a stylized performer." Throughout the rest of the 1960s and into the 1970s, Humperdinck continued to produce million-selling albums of love songs on the Parrot label, and developed increasingly more extravagant stage shows, sometimes over one hundred per year. While the mood of Top 40 radio quickly changed, Humperdinck's music, more akin to Broadway show tunes than post-Beatles rock, did not. Subsequently, Humperdinck's live performances became more crucial in reaching his fans, and the singer responded by producing lavish, energetic extravaganzas that set the standards for Las Vegas-style glamour. "I don't like to give people what they have already seen," Humperdinck was quoted as saying in a 1992 tourbook. "I take the job description of 'entertainer' very seriously! I try to bring a sparkle that people don't expect and I get the biggest kick from hearing someone say 'I had no idea you could do that!'" By the late 1960s, Engelbert Humperdinck fan clubs had begun to sprout, first in England, later around the globe. By the next decade, the fan mania had grown to giant proportions, reportedly the largest such club in the world, with chapters including "Our World is Engelbert," "Engelbert...We Believe in You," and "Love is All for Enge." While an occasional fan ventured into the realm of obsession--several fanatics claimed to have been pregnant with the singer's offspring--Humperdinck's following of a reported eight million members guaranteed record sales with limited radio air play. "They are very loyal to me and very militant as far as my reputation is concerned," Humperdinck said of his devotees to Sherwood. "I call them the spark plugs of my success." The release of the album After the Lovin' in 1976 was a relative watermark in Humperdinck's career. For one thing, it was the first record Humperdinck made for the Epic label, after almost a decade with Parrot. In addition, the album received a nomination for a Grammy Award, the first major nod Humperdinck had received from critical corners. Perhaps part of the reason behind Humperdinck's critical neglect stemmed from his lack of involvement with the recording of albums, whereas he had so much control over live presentation. Until the late 1980s, Humperdinck had little say in which songs were selected for each album, a fact that might have supported claims that he was little more than a pawn of his label's executives. Over the years, this arrangement slowly changed, giving Humperdinck full creative freedom. Humperdinck's albums began to cover more musical terrain than ballads alone. By the 1980s, Humperdinck was fast approaching his fifth decade of life, yet he was still producing albums regularly, performing sometimes more than 200 concerts in a year, and he was still a source of attraction for his female fans. Despite all this, Humperdinck had managed to maintain a solid family life with his wife, Patricia. Perhaps a mixture of business and pleasure had contributed to this success: Humperdinck's four children are involved in their father's career in some way. A truly jet-set family, the Humperdinck/Dorsey clan shuttled between homes in England and Beverly Hills, California, where Humperdinck had purchased the Pink Palace, a lush mansion once owned by film star Jayne Mansfield. Humperdinck had reached the point in his career where he had transcended stardom to become a legend. In 1989, he was awarded a star on the Hollywood walk of fame, as well as a Golden Globe Award for Entertainer of the Year. He had met the queen of England and several American presidents. Still, he retained his element of humanism, and began major involvement in charity foundations. In addition to involvement with The Leukemia Research Fund, the American Red Cross, and the American Lung Association, Humperdinck contributed to several AIDS relief organizations. For one of these, Reach Out, Humperdinck even penned and performed an anthem for the organization's mission, called "Reach Out." As longtime friend Clifford Elson said of Humperdinck, "[h]e's a gentleman in a business that's not full of many gentlemen." In 1992, the singer launched a gala world tour to commemorate 25 years of performing as Engelbert Humperdinck. The tour showcased a career's worth of middle-of-the-road favorites, as well as songs from a special anniversary album recorded with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra on Polydor Records. Like most of Humperdinck's tours, the anniversary was almost completely sold out. By the time his 1996 record After Dark hit the stores, Humperdinck had sold 130 million records, including 23 platinum and 64 gold releases, and he showed no signs of decreasing his output. "The last twenty-five years have been an adventure, a story without a script," Humperdinck told fans in his anniversary tourbook. "I never knew what was coming next but it's been a wonderful journey. I hope the chapters of my life to follow allow me to continue to keep giving back all the love and respect that I have been given." by Shaun Frentner Engelbert Humperdinck's Career Recorded first record, "Crazy Bells," in 1959 for Decca, under the name Gerry Dorsey; made debut as Engelbert Humperdinck on Saturday Night at the London Palladium in 1967; awarded a star on Hollywood's Walk of Fame in 1989. Engelbert Humperdinck's Awards Golden Globe Award, Entertainer of the Year, 1989. Selective Works Release Me, Parrot, 1967. We Made it Happen, Parrot, 1970. King of Hearts, Parrot, 1974. His Greatest Hits, Parrot, 1975. After the Lovin', Epic, 1976. Last of the Romantics, Epic, 1978. Love is the Reason, Critique, 1991. Engelbert Humperdinck: The 25th Anniversary Album, Polydor, 1992. Hollywood Reporter, December 1991, pp.1-4, 10. Additional information gathered from publicity materials, including a press release from Baker, Winoker, Ryder, July 11, 1996 and The 25th Anniversary World Tour 1967-1992 (tour book), 1992. Visitor Comments Add a comment… I will be 80 in July, and I have been a fan since 1967, and since living in Fl, I have been to the concerts in Ft. Lauderdale, and Melbourne. You . picked me to come up on stage with you 2 yrs ago, and someone got up there before me, my daughter was with me, and saw how sad I was, as I've been a fan that long. I have a recording of you on a christmas cd, and I have in my will for her to have you sing The Lord's Prayer at my funeral.Thanks for all the music you've given me in my lifetime i really love him and his fabulous voice eversince i heard his "release me". from the beginning of my marriage, my husband would buy me as birthday gift, his concert records. everytime a new concert video is released, he would buy one for me for he knows i'll be happy with it. i saw one of his concert in hongkong. engelbert's music really brings joy to me until this time. WE SAW YOUR SHOW AT CASINO ARIZONA AND YOU WERE JUST WONDERFUL. YOUR VOICE NEVER CHANGES. THE FIRST TIME WE SAW YOU WAS IN LAS VEGAS ABOUT 38YRS AGO. WE ALWAYS LISTEN TO YOUR MUSIC AND WE JUST LOVE IT. P.S. THE SHOW WAS APRIL 22 OF THIS YEAR. OUR BEST TO YOU ALWAYS. Just attended your show at the Pala Casino on January 20th. You are amazing, a great show with a lot of energy and your voice is fabulous, It was a wonderful performance and I thoroughly enjoyed you. Engelbert brings joys to our hearts. As young as I was, when I went to see him with my husband, he called me on stage when I called his name Humpy, this was at lake Tahoe about in 1972. I was very shy but he sang the song Sugar Sugar, Honey Honey to me and gave me a big kiss, it made my evening. My daughter and Mother who was visiting me from Holland also joined me at a later time when he was performing at the Sahara in Tahoe again. Ever since that time my daughter and I play his music whenver we can and especially when we feel a little down. and whenever we feel a little down, his music brings joy to our hearts for many years. He made sacrifices to not be with his family all the time, but he remainded loyal and brought a lot of pleasure to millions of people, including me Thank you Humpy, even at 68 years old I still enjoy your music so much!!!!!!! Sincerely, Helena Johanna Krastman Blair from Bend, Oregon USA OMG.....I actually love Englebert more than I do my husband...lol...Hes the type of entertainer that makes you feel that he is personally singing to you...I have him on a vhs tape that I bought in 1986ish it still play just as clear it did the day I purchased it.....I get dressed for work listening to him.....I go to bed listening to him....I think that he is the sexiest performer Alive.. On October 15/10 I saw Englebert at Ceasar's in Windsor Ontario. His show was FANTASTIC, the singing brought back a lot of memories and his jokes had great humour in them.He has a marvelous voice for his age, so just keep it up. I will go back to see his show again, when he comes back to Canada. KEEP SMILING AND SINGING Hi Englebert! I just returned from Caesars Windsor Hotel/Casino in Windsor, Canada! I live across the border in Michigan. YOU WERE SPECTACULAR! I am an 'American Army Brat' growing up in Italy, once in a while I would hear your songs, and at that time between you, Tom Jones and The Beatles...well, I was a teenager too...so much wonderful music I'm 63, (but don't look any older that 45). This is the truth! Lucky me! :) At your concert in Windsor...YOU melted my heart, and I tried to keep my emotions under control...listening to your wonderful romantic voice and words! It was a SOLD OUT event, and the two kleenex tissues I brought with me were not enough! YOU ARE SO BLESSED! I hope you are aware of this. Even at this young 74th year, YOU have not changed a bit when it comes to your voice! To be a bit daring, you look fantastic! More power to YOU, Englebert! You've given back so much to the song world of fans! THANK YOU! THANK YOU!THANK YOU SO MUCH! Your family is blessed and so is the rest of the world...when they listen to your voice! I fist met Englebert in 1943, of course he was Gerry Dorsey then, I was 8 yrs old and he was 7yrs old, in fact his oldest sister Olga married my Mum's younger brother Barney, we were flower girls to their wedding,(my sister Christine, my cousin Shirley, his sister Peggy and myself.) I have a lot of fond memories of our childhood, who would of thought at that time he would become the artist that he is. I love his rendition of "We'll Meet Again". I fell in love with Englebert and his music at his concert in Columbia, SC, USA, in the late 70's. I was one of the lucky ones who got to go back stage and meet him before the show and he autographed his album for me. He was so nice, said he had a sister named Peggy. He was fantasic. I have followed his career and play his music almost every single day. He is without doubt the King of Romance. Plan to see him on March 19, 2011 in Myrtle Beach, SC, USA at his next concert. Go Engle! You still have that wonderful sexy appeal. Love You. I have loved your songs ever since, I was really so happy to have gone to your concert & seen you at The Arena Of Stars, Genting Malaysia. I was singing your songs the whole night. It was a beautiful experience . I shall go loving you & your songs always . I especially like Sweetheart & After the loving, really dreamy . I grew up with your love songs , today i'm 56and still in love with your songs, it help me a lot during my bad days , all i do is to listen to any of the song,i always get my strenght back , my children knows how helpful your songs is to me.so lovely to see you in australia these days. I am totally into the music of Englebert. I can't tell you how many concerts I have attended and will continue to attend. Going to Foxwoods this weekend to see him perform in the MGM Grand. He is over the top, off the charts, and one of the most brilliant singers of our times. Counting the days to hear you sing again. One of my favorite songs is Too Young. I have never heard anyone come slightly close to his wonderful performance. IJust love you and every year;s see you Casino Rama . Please send too me nice photo i am hungarian love you tHANK YOU MARIA I just saw him at the Trump Plaza showroom in Atlantic City, NJ. He is still looking and sounding remarkable. I love him. Any local fanclubs??? I know Engelbert since childhood (35yrs ago), because our parents loved his voice so much. Even now I still love Engelbert. Especially if I remember when Engelbert youngage.... he look handsome & attractive. Success always for you Engelbert, from your fans in Indonesia. God bless Engelbert and his loving family! When I was a teenager in late 50's early 60's there was only one singer for me and that was Johnny Mathis. As far as I was concerned no one would ever take his place. BUT I did not listen to Engelbert until early 80's as I was busy raising my sons. When I saw him on video Live from Las Vegas, I was hooked. I have been lucky enough to of met him and he is the most caring person I have met and sincere. Next time hes appearing near you go see a show and even at 73 he can out perform the young ones out there in todays world. Engelbert-has the greatest voice I have ever heard, just saw him In Biloxi at the Beau Rivage and he's still awesome as ever. The guy gets better and better If thats possible.... and better In looks every time I see him....... i am from MADRAS, South India, and i am very very happy and glad to know that respected Mr Engelbert was born in our country. I am his great fan and i listen to his songs even now. OLD IS GOLD ALWAYS. May OUR LORD JESUS bless him and his wonderful family peace, love, unity, goodhealth. ILL THE BEST SIR. I am blessed to have watched and listened to Enge's DVD concert held at Palladium in England and his voice is soooo amazing and his singing is awesome and so captivating! I am praying to watch him in person in a concert one day. I read his biography and he has my respect because of his good family background. I love his songs and I adore his personality, his love for his family and his passion in singing. I am still in my late thirties but wow! it's like i was born on the in the 30's too because i appreciate and love Enge's songs and him unlike my others who are at my age range. God bless Engelbert and his loving family! Correction to your above biography - Enge's birthday is May 2nd not May 1st. Enjoyed your Biography on Engelbert, although there are a few incorrect statements. He was not born in Leicester, England, he was born in 1936, the date was May 2nd ( not the 1st as you state ) and the place of birth was then called Madras, India. The article could use an update, as Enge is still recording, still touring around the world, to standing room only crowds, covering three or more generations. He has been honored many times over, for all his time put into various Charitable causes, and just celebrated his 73rd birthday. His fan clubs are just as active as always, and his family is also into the third generation ~ with three grandsons and one beautiful little grand-daughter. There are no plans as to his retirement, and a couple of new CD's are being released shortly. Thank you for the article, and for the opportunity to add my comments. Englebert Humperdinck is an exceptional entertainer. His voice is unique and when singing can change the mood of an audience immediatley. Although nothing is forever, I hope he entertains for a long time yet. over 10 years ago Oh, GOD bless you Mr Engelbert Humperdinck the way your voice and songs brings joy into the heart of millions when they wake up sad in the mornings.I have being looking for a way to spoke on what your song does to my heart everything I put on your music.God bless you and your family. Like many others, I first heard Enge, singing Release Me, on the radio in the 60's. First chance I had, bought tickets to see him in person, joined a fan club, got to know this one of a kind performer, a shy, humble human being. A wonderful family man, great sense of humor, talented in so many areas, and eventually started my own fan club for him. When he sings a song, whether a brand new release, or a cover of another popular recording, the song becomes his own, as he has a way with words, giving any song a new life. We just celebrated our 35th Anniversary as an active fan club, and look forward to many more years of sheer pleasure and enjoyment. I am so thankful for that day I first heard him singing on the radio. Englebert, I saw you perform in Vegas in the mid 1970's and was one of the lucky ones who got up on stage with you. You are a great performer and really know how to make the ladies swoon. Hope I get to see you sing again soon. All the best!! Hi. i just wanted to correct this biography slightly. he certainly did not grow up in a working class enviroment. His father was a well to-do engineer in the british army. middle class at least. This particularly upsets my grandmother (his sister). please can you revise this? thank you I have never had the privilege of attending one of your concerts, but have always been an avid admirer of you and your beautiful voice. You make my world seem beautiful when I listen to you sing. You are one of the world's greatest singers. Thank you. I was at the UCF Arena last night and Engelbert you were fantastic.Keep up the great work and Good luck.. This may interest anyone who is a fan of the former 'Gerry Dorsey', prior to changing his name to 'Engelbert Humperdinck'. My brother-in-law Terry Williams, has just celebrated his 50th Birthday and the family had arranged a surprise party for him at The Hen Lane Club in Holbrooks, Coventry, England. Terry's father Dai Williams, was the Entertainment Secretary for this mainly Welsh mining community club for many years, until he passed away in 2006. As a reminder of Terry's 50th Birthday, we had collected many photographs of him as a baby and child growing up and we had displayed them for all his family and friends to see. Terry has just phoned me to tell me that on the rear of one of the photo's of him as a child, there is a signature which is signed, 'Gerry Dorsey'. Terry remembered his father Dai, telling him that 'Engelbert Humperdink' had sung at The Hen Lane Club before he became famous and Terry recognised the name 'Dorsey' as possibly being Engelbert's signature before he became famous. Hence the reason I checked out the signature 'Gerry Dorsey' to confirm this and found this website. It may also interest others to know that 'Vince Hill', another great singer, also sang at the club before he became famous and in fact his brother Jack Hill, still uses it today! He has one of the most beautiful voice in the world!!!!! I JUST LOVE YOU ENGELBERT HUMPERDINCK ! Hi Engelbert! I have attended several of your concerts; most recently in Coquitlam,B.C. Even after 30 years of listening to you - "you light up my life" everytime I hear you sing. Whenever I am down; I can listen to your music and it puts me at peace. Keep up the good work and see you on your next tour. You are the greatest! Hi Engelbert! My son and I attended your concert at Caesar's in Windsor the other night and it was great!!! I also saw you in concert a couple of years ago at The Chrysler Centre in Windsor and before that I travelled to London, Ontario to see you perform at the Labatt's Centre. Hope you keep performing for a good many years...I believe I have most of your cd's and DVD's and I even have a 33-1/3 rpm record that I bought from someone in Japan..I can't play it, but the cover is in Japanese. Take care! Hope I get to see you in another concert. Hi Englebert I am originally from india , following your music ever since i was little girl , and love all your ballads. Attended your concert last night at the Ceasars in windsor ontario, you still look gorgeous and havent lost that touch ,amazed at your voice quality too. keep up the good work , hope to see you again soon sincerely Shakuntala Enge If you had it to do again would you sacrifice your family for fame? thank you Joy Johnson I work with your brother Irwin in Las Vegas, and he is a pure joy to be around. I am grateful you were there for him during his brain surgeries.....you were there for him and Faye. Love your music. You, Johnnie Mathis, and Karen Carpenter are about the best there ever was in American music !! I would venture to say that Engelbert is one of the best singers that has ever lived. We went to his concert at the Las Vegas Hilton in 1982 with my sister and brother and was floored by this one of a kind singer and have been a fan ever since. Your music has brought me so much enjoyment since I was a teen-ager back in the 70's. I loved you then and I still love listening to you now. Listening to you makes my work go so much more smoother and driving more fun. My kids grew up with you and think you are pretty good. I just got your Gold cd and love it. Saw you at the Hostfest when you came to North Dakota. Highlight for me. My husband is just as much of a fan. One seem to forget that Humperdinck had already a great deal of succes in Belgium in the second half of 1966 I have emjoyed your music for quite a while now and have quite a few of your albums. I saw you in 1977 in Chicago. I just bought your latest CD, and I really like it. Kepp up the good singing. The best of luck to you and your family. Copyright © 2019 Net Industries - All Rights Reserved	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1487
__label__wiki	0.700236	0.700236	Remembering Buffington Island By Sarah Hawley - shawley@aimmediamidwest.com A Firing of Salute was held as part of the Memorial Service to commemorate the 155th anniversary of the Battle of Buffington Island. Taps were played to conclude the ceremony, with one man playing at the top of the Indian mound. Reenactors pause to remember those lost in the Battle of Buffington Island. Steve Free played and sang during the service and during the lunch which followed. Ohio Department Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War Commander Kerry Langdon spoke during the memorial. Henry Myers, Chaplain of the Cadot-Blessing Camp #126, gave the benediction. Service participants pause as Taps are played. Wreaths lined the area in front of the memorial. Numerous organizations came together to remember those killed in the Battle of Buffington Island. PORTLAND — Numerous individuals and organizations came together on Saturday to commemorate the 155th anniversary of the Battle of Buffington Island. Buffington Island, located near Portland, was the location of Ohio’s only significant Civil War battle on July 19, 1863. The Battle of Buffington Island was the major engagement during General John Hunt Morgan’s Great Raid into Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio. The battle, 155 years ago, lasted about two hours, involving 1,800 of Morgan’s Confederate calvarymen and 3,000 Union artillery, calvary, and infantry supported by navy gunboats, according to information provided by event organizers. While Morgan’s troops had planned to cross the river at Buffington Island, the Union gunboats and troops stopped the crossing and captured nearly a third of Morgan’s command. Morgan and the remaining forces moved north, with Morgan captured on July 26 in Columbiana County. The ceremony included a brief presentation by Commander Kerry Langdon of the Ohio Department Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War. “The Civil War was one of if not the most important event on United States soil,” said Langdon. “Brothers fought brothers, fathers shot sons,” added Langdon, recalling the battles of the Civil War which put family members on opposing sides. Several wreaths were placed at the monument by the organizations involved in the day’s events. To conclude the ceremony, a firing salute was conducted, along with the playing of Taps. Following the program at the memorial site, the day’s events moved to the Portland Community Center for lunch, music by Steve Free and a presentation by reenactor William Donegan. Free, accompanied by his wife, performed two songs during the memorial service, before entertaining the crowd at lunch. Free is an internationally acclaimed singer-songwriter and educator, living in southern Ohio. The winner of numerous music industry awards including 9 ASCAP awards, a Platinum Record and Grammy nomination, he has charted over 30 songs on the National and International Americana and Country and Billboard charts including 15 #1 songs. In 2000 he received a lifetime achievement award from Airplay International in Nashville. In 2008, he won the Governor’s Award in Ohio in 2009 and was honored by being named an ‘Ohio Treasure.’ Donegan performed the program “The General in General”as Union General William Stark Rosecrans. The General in General introduces the audience to the life of West Point graduate General William Stark Rosecrans, United States Army. Donegan’s presentation shared Rosecrans’ pre-war accomplishments, experiences as an architect and civil engineer and significant campaigns during the Civil War in which Rosecrans commanded forces at Rich Mountain, Carnifax Ferry and the Kanawha Valley. These campaigns helped to define him and shape his character. The year, 1863, was a year of great significance for the country and for General Rosecrans, and today is honored for his contributions. Donegan, a native of Charleston, West Virginia, enjoys history and all things historical. He is a member of the West Virginia Reenactors Association and the Federal Generals Officers Corps. As a participant in the Officers Corp, William portrays Union General William Stark Rosecrans. Organizations taking part in the Battle of Buffington Island Memorial Service included, Ohio Department Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Ohio History Connection, Auxiliary to Ohio Department SUVCW, McClellan Camp and Auxiliary, Auxiliary for the John Townsend Camp #108, Sister Anthony O’Connell Auxiliary, Gen. Benjamin Fearing Camp #2 SUVCW, Cadot-Blessing Camp #126 SUVCW, Brooks-Grant Camp #7, Portland Community Center, and Buffington Island Battlefield Preservation Foundation. https://www.mydailyregister.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/07/web1_7.25-Buffington-1_ne2018724143855796.jpgA Firing of Salute was held as part of the Memorial Service to commemorate the 155th anniversary of the Battle of Buffington Island. https://www.mydailyregister.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/07/web1_7.25-Buffington-2_ne20187241439053.jpgTaps were played to conclude the ceremony, with one man playing at the top of the Indian mound. https://www.mydailyregister.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/07/web1_7.25-Buffington-3_ne201872414393175.jpgReenactors pause to remember those lost in the Battle of Buffington Island. https://www.mydailyregister.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/07/web1_7.25-Buffington-4_ne201872414396754.jpgSteve Free played and sang during the service and during the lunch which followed. https://www.mydailyregister.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/07/web1_7.25-Buffington-5_ne2018724143910639.jpgOhio Department Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War Commander Kerry Langdon spoke during the memorial. https://www.mydailyregister.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/07/web1_7.25-Buffington-6_ne2018724143914712.jpgHenry Myers, Chaplain of the Cadot-Blessing Camp #126, gave the benediction. https://www.mydailyregister.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/07/web1_7.25-Buffington-7_ne201872414391974.jpgService participants pause as Taps are played. https://www.mydailyregister.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/07/web1_7.25-Buffington-8_ne20187241439231.jpgWreaths lined the area in front of the memorial. https://www.mydailyregister.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/07/web1_7.25-Buffington-9_ne2018724143927288.jpgNumerous organizations came together to remember those killed in the Battle of Buffington Island. https://www.mydailyregister.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/07/web1_7.25-Buffington-10_ne2018724143930684.jpgNumerous organizations came together to remember those killed in the Battle of Buffington Island. By Sarah Hawley shawley@aimmediamidwest.com Hi! A visitor to our site felt the following article might be of interest to you: Remembering Buffington Island. Here is a link to that story: https://www.mydailyregister.com/news/30010/remembering-buffington-island	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1488
__label__wiki	0.845033	0.845033	Geoffry Lawrence Parsons Geoffry Lawrence Parsons (1874-1956) Nephew of Charles Algernon Parsons We have learned with regret of the death, in his eighty-second year, of the Hon. Geoffry Lawrence Parsons, which occurred at Birr Castle on May 13th. He was the younger son of the fourth Earl of Rosse and was born on May 24, 1874, and was educated at Winchester, from where he proceeded to Balliol College, Oxford, to read mathematical moderations and natural science. After graduating in 1896 he became a premium apprentice with Sir W. G. Armstrong Whitworth and Co., Ltd., at Elswick, for the next three years. There followed an appointment as assistant manager at the Elswick ordnance works and later he became an assistant manager with C. A. Parsons and Co., Ltd., of Newcastle upon Tyne. In 1911 he was appointed a director of the Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company, Ltd., and in 1936, a few years after the death of his uncle, he became chairman of the company, a position which he continued to hold until September, 1955. He resigned from the board of the company some two months later. One of his particular interests while chairman was the education and training of apprentices and he endowed a fund to provide an award for the apprentice gaining the highest merit. He was an associate member of the Institution of Civil Engineers and a member of the Institution of Naval Architects, and had been a justice of the peace for the County of Southampton since 1919. In 1951 he was elected Prime Warden of the Worshipful Company of Shipwrights and he edited the volume containing the scientific papers and addresses of the Honourable Sir Charles A. Parsons, which was published in 1934. ↑ The Engineer 1956/05/18 Retrieved from "https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/index.php?title=Geoffry_Lawrence_Parsons&oldid=605424" Institution of Civil Engineers	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1497
__label__wiki	0.603002	0.603002	William Matthias Whayman Engineer Rear-Admiral William Matthias Whayman (1871-1955) Engineer Rear-Admiral William Matthias Whayman, C.B., C.B.E., R.N. ret., was born on 13th August 1871. From 1886 to 1891 he attended the Royal Naval Engineering College, Keyham, and then took a three-year special course at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. Subsequently, from 1894 until 1914, he held various appointments at sea, in H.M. Dockyards and at the Admiralty. He served as Engineer Commander, H.M.S. St. Vincent 1914-16 at H.M. Dockyard, Chatham, 1916-17, as Chief Engineer, H.M. Dockyard, Pembroke, 1917-18, and Engineer Manager, H.M. Dockyard, Rosyth, from 1918 to 1920. He was then appointed Assistant Engineer-in-Chief, Admiralty, and was promoted in 1922 to Deputy Engineer-in-Chief, in which capacity he served until 1927. He then joined the Marine Department of Babcock and Wilcox, Ltd., where he remained until 1935. From 1936 to 1939 he was a Director of Alfol Insulation, Ltd. Rear-Admiral Whayman was an Honorary Vice-President of the Institution of Naval Architects, a Vice-President of the Institute of Marine Engineers, and a Member of the Institute of Fuel. He was elected a Member of this Institution in 1937. His death occurred in 1955. Retrieved from "https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/index.php?title=William_Matthias_Whayman&oldid=746675"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1498
__label__wiki	0.662726	0.662726	More than 4 in 5 seasonal businesses require extra funds to beat cash flow gaps By Great British Entrepreneur Awards Nearly 85% of seasonal businesses in the UK are being forced to secure extra finance in order to fill gaps in their cash flow, according to a research conducted by the NatWest Great British Entrepreneur Awards and Esme Loans. The survey uncovered the lengths that business owners are willing to go to in order to avoid taking out a business loan. In total, just 15% of respondents said they have secured business loans. Business overdrafts are the most commonly used (21%) with a further 7% making use of their own personal overdrafts. Five per cent even resorted to taking out personal loans and another 11% said they took out loans from friends or family. Commenting on the number of people opting for overdrafts and even loans from friends and family, Veronika Lovett, marketing director at Esme Loans, said: “People shouldn’t be nervous or scared about borrowing for business needs, especially given how comfortable many are borrowing for personal ones. “We believe that no hard-working business should have to work hard to get a business loan, which is why Esme Loans was founded. Our hassle-free, paperless application takes just 10 minutes and once approved the funds can be in you account within the hour.” Francesca James, founder of the NatWest Great British Entrepreneur Awards, said: “These results really highlight how difficult life can be for seasonal businesses, with so many having to find extra cash to fill their cash flow gaps. It’s startling to see how many are risking their own personal finances, rather than applying for a business loan. “We’re delighted to be working with Esme Loans to shine a spotlight on this issue, and to make entrepreneurs aware that applying for a business loan doesn’t have be longwinded, time and paper-heavy. It’s vitally important that they realise there are quicker, easier options.” Perhaps unsurprisingly, over a third (36%) said cashflow was the biggest issue they come up against when adapting to seasonality. Entrepreneurs also said that managing stock (22%), staffing (21%) and planning (20%) were their biggest problems. The research suggested that business owners resort to a range of actions to cope with the seasonal lulls that their business experiences. It seems that reducing costs is more likely than taking steps to boost sales for many seasonal companies. Reducing expenditure was the most common reaction (22%), while one in five reduce their staff numbers. Seventeen per cent said they diversify their products and offer discounts or promotions, respectively. Given that cash flow is the biggest concern for seasonal business owners, it’s no surprise to see that better cash flow was highlighted by 42% as the thing that would make the biggest difference in managing seasonal peaks and troughs. Greater efficiency (16%), access to flexible workers (15%) and flexible payment terms with suppliers (15%) were also suggested as ways to help. For more information on Esme Loans visit: esmeloans.com. July 3, 2019 In Advice & Insights InPower sets the bar with #EntrepreneurialSpirit in June! July 3, 2019 In News Three Means Business with NatWest Great British Entrepreneur Awards You asked, we delivered! #GBEA deadline extension announced June 28, 2019 In News Printed.com joins GBEA	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1499
__label__wiki	0.774968	0.774968	Family · Science · Society · Brainfood · Inspiration The Hot Topic: How to Tackle Global Warming and Still Keep the Lights On This book may be the best overview yet about glogal warming and what we must do about it. Product name: The Hot Topic: How to Tackle Global Warming and Still Keep the Lights On Reviewer: Jenny Blackford Author: By Gabrielle Walker and Sir David King Size: 309 pages G Rating: The Hot Topic may be the best overview yet about global warming and what we must do about it. On the front and back cover are enthusiastic recommendations from high-profile experts: James Lovelock, the British scientist who created the Gaia hypothesis; Tim Flannery, environmental scientist and G editorial advisory board member; and former US vice-president, Al Gore. The Hot Topic lives up to the praise. It's neither hectoring nor bleak, despite the urgency that it expresses about the issues. It's based on reliable, up-to-date science and economics, but at the same time it's unusually clear and readable. It considers the global situation in terms of how climate change will continue to affect both the developed and the developing world, and also what can be done on a worldwide basis, by individuals, businesses and governments. Science writer Gabrielle Walker and Sir David King, formerly the UK chief scientific adviser, say that the climate problem is hard, but not intractable. Indeed, they call disaster scenarios, such as the shutdown of the oceans' circulation, "climate porn". At the same time, they make it clear that the next two decades are our only possible window of opportunity to rein in greenhouse gases, and that governments and businesses worldwide must come to see change as a necessity, rather than as a luxury. The problem of global warming is political as well as scientific; the developed world has had the benefit of centuries of industrialisation, but we are now faced with the massive expansion of industrialisation in the developing world. We must subsidise developing countries to encourage them to 'leapfrog' the old, bad polluting habits of the industrial world. For individuals, there is the accustomed good advice about turning devices off at the wall and so on (devices on standby cost the world one per cent of our greenhouse gas emissions - nearly as much as the entire much-maligned aviation industry). The authors tell us, too, to be open-minded about controversial solutions such as wind farms and nuclear power. People who feel inadequate in arguments with global warming sceptics will find useful ammunition in the appendix, "Climate Myths, Half-Truths and Misconceptions", which calmly disposes of such popular statements as "It's not really warming", "The Amazon rainforest is already doomed", and "We'd be better off spending the money on aid". The Hot Topic is a fact-filled and constructive addition to the climate change debate.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1500
__label__cc	0.690587	0.309413	The Evolving Urban Form: Rio de Janeiro by Wendell Cox 01/30/2013 Rio de Janeiro was the capital of Brazil from before independence from Portugal was declared in 1822. That all changed in 1960, when the capital moved to the modern planned city of Brasilia, more than 500 miles (800 kilometers) inland. The move, however, did nothing to slow Rio de Janeiro's growth, as the metropolitan area (as designated by Brazil's census agency, the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), added 7 million people – a 150 percent increase in population – over the ensuing 60 years The placement of the federal government in Brasilia has had positive economic impacts on the interior, but it did not make Rio de Janeiro less crowded (factor Indonesian officials should note as they consider moving the capital from Jakarta,). The Urban Area However, it is clear that Rio de Janeiro has fallen behind even faster growing Sao Paulo, which has become one of the world's 10 largest urban areas (with a population of approximately 20.5 million in 2013). Nonetheless, as an urban area with a 2013 population of 11.6 million (Figure 1) Rio de Janeiro still ranks among the world's megacities (urban areas over 10 million). The urban area covers 720 square miles (1,870 square kilometers), a population density of 16,100 per square mile (6,200 per square kilometer). This is similar to the density of Sao Paulo, 20 percent above that of Buenos Aires, but 35 percent less dense than the western hemisphere's most dense megacity, Mexico City. In contrast, Rio is more than twice as dense as the most dense Canadian and US urban areas, Toronto and Los Angeles, but less than 1/6th the density of Dhaka, the world's most dense megacity. Metropolitan Dispersion As this series on world urbanization has shown, cities tend to become less dense as they grow (at least until they reach predominantly automobile oriented densities). This can be seen in Rio de Janeiro as well. Since the 2000 census, virtually all of the population growth has been in less dense areas. The inner core (the districts or bairros of Zona Centro), for example, accounted for two percent of the urban area's growth over the past decade. The larger, inner core (around the urban core) accounted for three percent of the growth (principally the Zona Sul and some additional bairros adjacent to Zona Cento and Zona Sul). A Suburbanized Core City: Like many core municipalities around the world, Rio de Janeiro contains large expanses of suburbanization (Photo: Rio's In-City Suburbs). The suburban portions of the municipality accounted for 43 percent of the growth, while the outside-the-municipality suburbs and exurbs (inside the metropolitan area, but outside the urban area) represented 53 percent of the growth (Figure 2). Most of the growth outside the municipality of Rio de Janeiro has been across Guanabara Bay, with the large suburbs of Niteroi and São Gonçalo, and to the north, where there are a number of large municipalities (such as Duque de Caxias and Nova Iguaçu). Photo: Rio's In-City Suburbs This preponderance of growth outside the dense core has been developing since 1950. The municipality of Rio de Janeiro has added 3.9 million residents since 1950, while the suburbs and exurbs have added 4.8 million. The municipality continues to have more than half of the population (53 percent), down from 76 percent in 1950 (Figure 3). However, the retention of this strong share of the population has been made possible only by the large amount of land available for suburban development within the municipality (this is similar to the experience of other suburbanized core cities, such as San Jose, Edmonton, Phoenix, Denver, and Kansas City). The Physical Setting Rio de Janeiro sits on the Atlantic Coast and is one of the world's leading tourist beach areas (Copacabana and Ipanema). The urban area straddles Guanabara Bay, with the municipality of Rio de Janeiro on the west side. A bridge leads to Niteroi, on the east side. The municipality of Rio de Janeiro covers virtually the same land area as the city of Los Angeles and like its American counterpart also includes mountainous areas. The mountains include Sugar Loaf and Corcovado, site of the world famous "Cristo Redentor" statue ("Christ the Redeemer") and others. North and West of the mountains are the broad plains that contain most of the suburbanization (both within and outside the municipality). Favelas Favelas, also called shantytowns or informal housing proliferate throughout much of Latin America. It is estimated that 20 percent of new municipality's population lives in favelas. The largest of these is Rocinha, which accounted for a full one third of the inner and outer core growth over the last 10 years, despite having less than 5% of the population. Rocinha is located on a steep hill adjacent to affluent São Conrado, which provides employment for many residents. This is typical for shantytowns around the world, which are located near principally domestic labor opportunities, since residents generally have only limited mobility options to employment in the rest of the urban area. The favela to affluent neighborhood model represents an effective example of a "jobs – housing balance," though rooted in poverty and gaping class distinctions. (Photo: Rocinha Favela & São Conrado, top). Mass transit is very important in Rio de Janeiro. More than one half of all travel is on the Metro, commuter railways, buses and informal vans. In recent decades, the rail share of travel has been falling substantially, while the van share of travel has increased substantially. Vans have also made serious inroads into mass transit ridership in other urban areas of Brazil. This dependence on transit does not mean that the roads are uncongested. For example, Avenida Brasil, the main arterial leading to Centro from the North carries more than 200,000 vehicles each day, a figure that exceeds that of many US urban freeways. A new peripheral freeway is under construction arcing around the urban area from west to east. According to the Brookings Institution Global Metro Monitor, Rio de Janeiro had a gross domestic product per capita of approximately $16,300 in 2012. This would rank Rio de Janeiro 100th out of the 300 top metropolitan area economies in the world (Note 1). This is below Latin American leaders Buenos Aires ($26,100) and Sao Paulo ($23,700). It is also below the more affluent Chinese metropolitan areas, such as Shenzhen ($28,000) and Shanghai ($21,400). Rio, however, ranked above Cape Town ($15,700) and Cairo ($10,000). Life After the Capital Leaves The growth of Rio de Janeiro shows that there is, indeed, life after the national capital leaves. Rio has experienced strong economic growth in recent years and remains a dynamic urban region. Wendell Cox is a Visiting Professor, Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, Paris and the author of “War on the Dream: How Anti-Sprawl Policy Threatens the Quality of Life.” Note: These rankings are based on the 300 metropolitan areas with the largest total gross domestic product (not per capita gross domestic product). As a result, many metropolitan areas that are more affluent per capita are not included because their total gross domestic product is not rank in the top 300. This would include a large number of metropolitan areas in the United States, Europe Canada and elsewhere. The ranking of metropolitan areas in China is adjusted for the 2010 census, which includes migrant workers. Additional details are provided in Endnote 19 in the Brookings Global Metro Monitor. Top Photo: Rocinha Favela & São Conrado (photos by author) Evolving Urban Form: Development Profiles of World Urban Areas As advertised, this place is Submitted by allisonhudson on Fri, 06/05/2015 - 05:36. As advertised, this place is one of the fastest growing population yet slow in economy. The inflation rates is higher than of income growth. http://www.debbieirwin.com/voiceover/vocal-style/audio/ Thanks for another Submitted by johnb6174 on Fri, 06/05/2015 - 13:26. Thanks for another wonderful post. Where else could anybody get that type of info in such an ideal way of writing? http://www.tinnitusmiracle.co.uk/ hi was just seeing if you Submitted by jannatbano on Sat, 05/23/2015 - 13:30. hi was just seeing if you minded a comment. i like your website and the thme you picked is super. I will be back. Alexandre Adler Such a very useful article. Submitted by jasaseoku on Sat, 05/23/2015 - 08:53. Such a very useful article. 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Rio has experienced strong economic growth in recent years and remains a dynamic urban region. obat pelangsing Awesome and interesting Submitted by johnb6174 on Mon, 05/18/2015 - 08:04. Awesome and interesting article. Great things you've always shared with us. Thanks. Just continue composing this kind of post. Free sheet music from zelda Its a great pleasure reading Its a great pleasure reading your post.Its full of information I am looking for and I love to post a comment that "The content of your post is awesome" Great work. junk car for cash I am happy to find your Submitted by johnb6174 on Sat, 05/23/2015 - 14:36. I am happy to find your distinguished way of writing the post. Now you make it easy for me to understand and implement the concept. Thank you for the post. video production orlando Largest World Cities: 2014 World Urban Areas Population and Density: A 2012 Update Largest Cities in the World: 2016 Largest 1,000 Cities on Earth: World Urban Areas: 2015 Edition The Costs of Smart Growth Revisited: A 40 Year Perspective	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1503
__label__wiki	0.909731	0.909731	COMES LATEST ADDITION TO ODYSSEY SYSTEMS’ STOCKTON BUSINESS PARK Home » News & Blog » COMES LATEST ADDITION TO ODYSSEY SYSTEMS’ STOCKTON BUSINESS PARK Odyssey Systems has welcomed a specialist not-for-profit membership organisation to its thriving business centre. UK & Ireland SAP User Group has become the second tenant at its Stockton-based business park, which has Odyssey Systems completely refurbished to create a new, fully-fitted complex for business tenants. The company joins JBC Accountants in relocating to the business park on Preston Farm. SAP User Group is an independent organisation which facilitates educational and networking opportunities amongst SAP software users in the UK and Ireland, as well as works with the multinational corporation to communicate with its customers. UK & Ireland SAP User Group’s new office will house its 10 employees, who will benefit from Odyssey Systems’ telecommunications services, including hosted telephony and a fully-synchronous, uncontended Ethernet connection, as well as its boardroom and 40-person seminar facility, which was outsourced at its previous building. Craig Dale, chief executive of UK & Ireland SAP User Group, said: “We have scope for further growth and the cloud-based infrastructure in place at our new office will go a long way to helping us achieve our long-term ambitions. With the hi-tech nature of our business, it was essential for us to operate from a modern office building and Odyssey was able to deliver all of our requirements. “It was also a cost effective decision to relocate as the board and meeting room capabilities ensure that we are able to host large seminars, as opposed to renting space, which was the case at our previous offices. Our company now has the space and capability to expand and it is an exciting time for the business, starting with our office move.” Mike Odysseas, managing director of Odyssey Systems, said: “I am delighted that UK & Ireland SAP User Group has decided to relocate to our business park as its operations gear up for growth. We are now well underway to establishing a thriving business community on Preston Farm and I would like to welcome Craig and his staff to the building.” https://www.sapusers.org/	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1510
__label__wiki	0.940847	0.940847	Human Rights Council holds clustered interactive dialogue on enforced disappearances and arbitrary detention GENEVA (12 September 2018) - The Human Rights Council this morning held a clustered interactive dialogue with the Working Group on enforced or involuntary disappearances and the Working Group on arbitrary detention. Introducing the report, Bernard Duhaime, Chair of the Working Group on enforced or involuntary disappearances, said that this year the Committee had transmitted 802 new cases of enforced disappearances to 42 States, and urged the Council had to seriously tackle the issue. The Working Group’s interim report outlined standards and public policies for an effective investigation of enforced disappearances. In the study on seeing how States fulfilled the obligation to establish a solid legal framework in the area of the investigation of enforced disappearance, the Working Group would deal with disappearances in the context of transitional justice. He also spoke about the Working Group’s visits to The Gambia and Ukraine. The Gambia spoke as a concerned country. Seong-Phil Hong, Chair of the Working Group on arbitrary detention, said one of the thematic reports explored the issue of consular assistance and diplomatic protection for persons deprived of liberty. Consular assistance was deemed essential to protect detainees from torture and ill-treatment, in particular in the case of alleged crimes against the State, such as terrorism, espionage or treason. Second, the Working Group had become increasingly mindful of the linkages between arbitrary detention and instances of torture and ill-treatment. Instances of extraction of confessions through ill-treatment and torture had been observed. Mr. Hong spoke about the Working Group’s visits to Argentina and Sri Lanka. Argentina and Sri Lanka spoke as concerned countries. In the ensuing discussion on enforced disappearances, speakers stressed their support to the work of the Working Group and called for the ratification of the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearances. They voiced concern that enforced disappearances were used on the pretext of combatting terrorism, adding that the increase in the number of cases of enforced disappearances across the world was alarming, particularly short-term enforced disappearances, which were often used as a means of intimidation. On the issue of arbitrary detention, speakers concurred that authorities which detained persons had to do so in a manner that was prescribed by the law and with safeguards in place against human rights violations. Reprisals against human rights defenders were particularly worrying as was the arbitrary detention of migrants. Speakers also welcomed the Working Group’s attention to diplomatic protection and consular assistance. Some countries raised concern that Special Procedures sometimes based their opinions on false accusations, which was unacceptable. Speaking in the interactive dialogue were Togo on behalf of the African Group, European Union, Egypt, Palestine, Montenegro, France, Pakistan, Switzerland, Tunisia, Denmark, Russia, Philippines, Australia, Bolivia, Sudan, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Iran, Iraq, Chile, Angola, Algeria, Bahrain, Belgium, Greece, Mexico, Afghanistan, Ecuador, Serbia, Oman, Lebanon, Nigeria, The Gambia, Tanzania, Peru, Canada, and Vanuatu. Also taking the floor were the following non-governmental organizations: Conseil national des droits de l’homme of Morocco, International Movement against all Forms of Discrimination and Racism (IMADR), Alsalam Foundation, Asian Legal Resource Centre, Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l'amitié entre les peuples, Verein Sudwind Entwicklungspolitik, International Catholic Child Bureau, Lutheran World Federation, European Centre for Law and Justice, Friends World Committee for Consultation Quakers, International Bar Association, Together against the death penalty, International Fellowship of Reconciliation, Families of Victims of Involuntary Disappearance, African Development Association and Pan African Union for Science and Technology. The Council will meet next to hear the presentation of reports by the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the rights of peoples to self-determination, and by the Special Rapporteur on hazardous waste. The Council has before it the Report of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances (A/HRC/39/46). The Council has before it an addendum to the Report of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances - mission to The Gambia (A/HRC/39/46/Add.1). The Council has before it a follow-up Report of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances to its recommendations made after its visit to Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo (A/HRC/39/46/Add.2). The Council has before it an addendum to the Report of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances – comments by The Gambia (A/HRC/39/46/Add.3). The Council has before it the Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention (A/HRC/39/45). The Council has before it an addendum to the Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention - mission to Argentina (A/HRC/39/45/Add.1). The Council has before it an addendum to the Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention - mission to Sri Lanka (A/HRC/39/45/Add.2). Presentation of Reports by the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances and by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention BERNARD DUHAIME, Chair of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances, said that this year the Working Group had transmitted 802 new cases of enforced disappearances to 42 States, out of which 264 cases had been transmitted under the urgent procedure. There were many cases which had not reached and probably would never reach the Working Group. Enforced disappearance was a crime and an offense to human dignity, and it continued to be used in many countries. The Council had to do more to seriously tackle this issue. An additional 43 communications had been transmitted to a number of States, including allegations of harassment, threats and reprisals against human rights defenders. States were called on to act urgently to search for people who had been subjected to enforced disappearances. The Working Group’s interim report outlined standards and public policies for an effective investigation of enforced disappearances. In the study on seeing how States fulfilled the obligation to establish a solid legal framework in the area of investigation of enforced disappearance, the Working Group would deal with disappearances in the context of transitional justice. It would also study how investigations should be carried out when victims were exposed to situations of vulnerability, such as often in the case of children, women, migrants, human rights defenders, indigenous people and social leaders. Through the thematic study, the Working Group aimed to recognize good practices and be able to detect negative experiences. Turning to country visits, Mr. Duhaime thanked the Government of Mali for the invitation to visit which was scheduled for the last quarter of 2018. The visit to Sudan was postponed due to a lack of understanding about the terms of reference and it was regrettable that the Government never officially confirmed the visit. During the visit to The Gambia, it was noted that little progress had been made in advancing investigations, including the search for burial sites, and identification of the remains of victims. Nonetheless, positive steps were noted such as establishment of the Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission. However, transitional justice mechanisms could not replace judicial prosecution. There was a need for The Gambia to finalize the ratification of the International Convention on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearances. In June, the Working Group had visited Ukraine, and the report would be due for September 2019. Still, the Working Group had presented extensive observations and recommendations at the end of the visit. Decisive measures had to be taken to assist the family members who were looking for their loved ones. The prohibition of enforced disappearance was absolute and had to be respected by the de-facto authorities in Donetsk and Luhansk. The Working Group had also included follow-up reports to visits in 2014 to Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo. The Working Group noted that little progress had been made vis-à-vis recommendations to Governments and authorities at the regional level to depoliticize the issue of missing persons and treat it as a human rights and humanitarian issue. A welcomed step was the creation of the Regional Database of Active Missing Person Cases from the Armed Conflicts in the Former Yugoslavia, with the support of the International Commission of Missing Persons and the participation of Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia. Kosovo authorities did not yet provide information. In closing, the Chair expressed gratitude for the support provided through voluntary contributions by donor States, notably Argentina, Japan and the Republic of Korea. Discussions with Bosnia and Herzegovina were underway to have the one hundred and seventeenth session of the Working Group in Sarajevo. All States were called on to ratify the International Convention on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearances. SEONG-PHIL HONG, Chair-Rapporteur of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, stated that the Working Group continued to address the large number of submissions received in 2017, and set as a priority the adoption of opinions, striving to uphold the trust of victims, who continued to seek its assistance to remedy violations of their right to liberty. The Working Group was informed by States that an increasing number of detainees had been released. It had worked on its communication procedure in order to receive and respond to requests for action more effectively. He welcomed the increased cooperation from States under its regular communications procedure. Turning to the two thematic reports, Mr. Hong said the Working Group had been exploring the issue of consular assistance and diplomatic protection for persons deprived of liberty. Non-national defendants and detainees were particularly vulnerable to violations of the right to a fair trial. Consular assistance was deemed essential to protect detainees from torture and ill-treatment, in particular in the case of alleged crimes against the State, such as terrorism, espionage or treason. Second, the Working Group had become increasingly mindful of the linkages between arbitrary detention and instances of torture and ill-treatment. Through its jurisprudence and country visits, it had become aware that the safeguards that States were required to put in place played a crucial role in preventing instances of arbitrary detention. It consistently maintained that incommunicado detention constituted arbitrary detention. In its jurisprudence, the Working Group frequently observed instances of extraction of confessions through ill-treatment and torture. The Working Group recommended the independent oversight over all places of deprivation of liberty. In November 2017, the Group had adopted its revised deliberation No. 5 on the deprivation of liberty of migrants, accounting for the changes in international law and the increasing use of detention in the context of migration. In 2017, the Working Group undertook a visit in Argentina, visiting 20 places of deprivation of liberty. Positive changes had been observed, such as the launch of the justice 2020 programme, aimed at strengthening relevant institutions in order to guarantee justice for all. The pattern of arrests by the police on the basis of a suspicion of crime was identified as being discriminatory against those in situations of vulnerability, especially migrants and sexual minorities. The Working Group expressed its concern over the widespread use of police stations to hold detainees for prolonged periods, despite the existence of relevant legislative provisions, as well as over the use of force by guards. It welcomed the efforts to establish a coherent juvenile justice system at the federal level. The Working Group was informed of deprivation of liberty in the context of public and social protests by indigenous peoples, union members and members of political and social movements. It had identified numerous instances when “social patients” who did not have resources or social network to live in the community, were confined to psychiatric institutions. The Working Group also visited Sri Lanka in 2017. It had been informed of many positive changes in relation to the deprivation of liberty in Sri Lanka, including the entry into force of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture in January 2018. However, deprivation of liberty had been observed as being a systematic response in a wide variety of situations that were not absolutely prescribed by the law. Mr. Hong called upon the authorities to repeal the Prevention of Terrorism Act, which had led to numerous severe restrictions on the right to fair trial. Systematic problems had been identified regarding rehabilitation and the detention of vulnerable members of society on discriminatory grounds. The Working Group acknowledged the dire situation of asylum-seekers in Sri Lanka. In conclusion, Mr. Hong reasserted the vocation of the Working Group to serve the needs of victims of arbitrary detention, for which Member States must be held accountable, thus inviting the said States to increase their cooperation with the Group. Statements by Concerned Countries The Gambia, speaking as a concerned country, commended the Council in its mission to protect human rights globally and thanked the Working Group on enforced or involuntary disappearances for their visit and their recommendations. The Government of The Gambia accepted the recommendations and remained committed to work to improve the situation on the ground. The International Convention on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearances had been ratified. The Gambia had also made progress in its Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission, which comprised of 12 members. Argentina, speaking as a concerned country, was pleased by the visit of the Working Group on arbitrary detention in 2017. The report recognized the cooperation of the Argentinian authorities and contributions made by different stakeholders as well as the unrestricted access to all facilities. Positive measures and good practices were also recognized. Argentina voiced concern that the report mentioned critical situations relating to the care of elderly persons, although laws were being amended currently. Argentina had a standing invitation to all Special Procedure mandate holders. Alternative measures had been carried out in some provinces, though there were still problems. As for decree on emergency and urgency, the decree had not altered the migration policies or the rights enshrined for migrants. There were difficulties in implementing expulsion orders for illegal migrants. Argentina was fully committed towards implementing its international human rights obligations and was ready to take on board recommendations which were issued. Sri Lanka, speaking as a concerned country, said that so far eight Special Procedure mandate holders had visited Sri Lanka and six reviews of periodic reports submitted by Sri Lanka had taken place. Implementation priorities were arising from the recommendations reflected in the five-year national human rights action plan. A number of positive developments had taken place in the area of strengthening the rule of law. Sri Lanka had acceded to the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and had made a declaration under Article 22 of the Convention against Torture subscribing to the communication procedure of the treaty body. Persons deprived of liberty were accordingly guaranteed. Interactive Dialogue Togo, speaking on behalf of the African Group, welcomed the attention given by the Working Group on arbitrary detention to diplomatic protection and consular assistance and underlined the provisions of the African Charter in the respect. On enforced disappearances, the African Group noted that relevant inquires needed to be done in consultation with the involved stakeholders. European Union shared concern about the increased number of enforced disappearances across the world, and called on all countries to fully cooperate with the Working Group. On arbitrary detention, it expressed satisfaction with the relatively high return rate, and it called on States to show respect for the mandate of the Working Group. Egypt emphasized the importance of the mandate of the Working Group on enforced disappearances, adding that it was concerned about the misuse of that mechanism by certain parties for political reasons. On arbitrary detention, Egypt rejected notifications from unreliable sources and voiced concern about the misuse of the Working Group. State of Palestine reminded that Israel continued to systematically detain Palestinians; on average 20 Palestinians were detained every night. Israel’s administrative detention orders were unlawfully renewed and extended on an ad hoc basis, and were politically motivated. Montenegro emphasized the crucial role of the Working Group on enforced disappearances, adding that the resolution of the problem of missing persons as a result of armed conflicts in the former Yugoslavia was above all a human rights problem of vital importance for the families of missing persons. France regretted that enforced disappearances remained a problem worldwide and it called on all States to ratify the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearances. It also welcomed the mandate of the Working Group on arbitrary detention and invited all countries to cooperate with it. Pakistan said it had taken steps to investigate and remedy any alleged case of enforced or involuntary disappearances or arbitrary detention. Pakistan had been constructively engaged with the Working Group on enforced or involuntary disappearances through the Commission of Inquiry on Enforced Disappearances, established on the Supreme Court’s directive. Switzerland deemed that the work accomplished by the two Working Groups was essential, but regretted that the situation was worsening. It stated that both reports clearly showed which countries could be held accountable in order to improve the situation. Tunisia emphasized the importance of pursuing efforts against the crimes of enforced or involuntary disappearances and arbitrary detention that also threatened other rights. It agreed with the Working Group on arbitrary detention on the importance of consular assistance and the presence of close links between the absence of trial and torture. Denmark called itself an active supporter of the global fight against torture and other ill-treatment, and commended the cooperation between the Working Group against arbitrary detention and other United Nations bodies. Russia called for an impartial approach and was concerned about cases recorded by international groups about systematic arbitrary detention in Ukraine. Russia drew attention to the astonishing conduct of the United States and the United Kingdom over the abduction of people in third countries and invited these countries to listen to complaints and cease their violations of human rights. Philippines reiterated that its Government did not tolerate enforced or involuntary disappearances, and dealt with all complaints through the appropriate administrative bodies. The Philippines maintained its resolve to address the challenge of enforced disappearance, which was reflected with the enactment of the Anti-Enforced Involuntary Disappearance Law, or Republic Act in December 2012. Japan noted that enforced disappearances had to be tackled as an important universal human rights issue, and strongly urged all States that had not yet done so to ratify the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearances. Japan also called attention to the Japanese citizens abducted by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea decades ago. Croatia reminded that it was still searching for 1,922 missing Croatian citizens of Croatian and Serbian ethnicity. It was also still searching for 150 citizens of Serbia and 120 citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Without genuine cooperation in the region, further progress simply would not be possible. Fiji said that it was mindful of the link between arbitrary detention and torture. It had taken steps to ensure that the authorities which detained persons did so in a manner that was prescribed by the law and with safeguards in place against human rights violations. Every detained person had access to competent independent legal advice. China firmly rejected arbitrary detention, noting that its Constitution explicitly stipulated that citizens could not be detained unlawfully. Special Procedure mandate holders should rely on true and reliable information, and refrain from interfering into countries’ internal affairs, and from trying to exonerate persons who had committed crimes. Cuba reiterated its support for the mandate of the Working Group on enforced disappearances, and emphasized that no enforced disappearances had taken place in Cuba in decades. On arbitrary detention, Cuba drew attention to the fact that sometimes opinions grounded on false accusations were used by Special Procedures, which was unacceptable. Ukraine shared the opinion of the Working Group on arbitrary detention that consular assistance was a preventive mechanism, and it voiced concern that the number of cases of arbitrary detention of Ukrainian citizens had increased in Russia. On enforced disappearances, Ukraine informed that it had adopted a law on the legal status of missing persons. Australia said it opposed arbitrary detention and provided consular assistance to Australians deprived of liberty overseas. Australia was looking forward to engaging with the Working Group on arbitrary detention during their visit in 2019. Bolivia was worried about the increase in the number of enforced disappearances in the world, particularly by those committed by non-state actors. Sudan said it was working to ensure that international standards were in place to protect people from enforced disappearances. The national security law sanctioned arbitrary detention Venezuela said that its Constitution prohibited enforced disappearances, even under a state of emergency. The Working Group on arbitrary detention had demonstrated bias in their report, seeking to purposefully attack Venezuela. Costa Rica said that the large number of communications received demonstrated the danger posed by arbitrary detention. Did the Working Group have any information on the percentage of detentions during protests and demonstrations? Iran noted that the prohibition of arbitrary detention of migrants had to be observed by all States. Concern was raised that enforced disappearances were used on the pretext of combatting terrorism during the so-called war on terror. Iraq stated that a number of complaints about disappearances were in fact about people who were in Daesh. Iraq stressed its will to comply with its commitment to stop arbitrary detention, as it was still trying to repair the damage done by the previous regime. Chile stressed that the phenomenon of enforced disappearances in Chile had been clarified, and reiterated its will to further its cooperation with the Working Group. On arbitrary detentions, Chile welcomed the efforts to perfect the monitoring procedure and it shared the Working Group’s view about the importance of consular assistance. Remarks by the Chairs of the Working Groups BERNARD DUHAIME, Chair of the Working Group on enforced disappearances, thanked The Gambia for having cooperated with the Working Group and for having accepted its recommendations. Some progress had already been made, but a lot still remained to be done and the Working Group was ready to assist. He reiterated the previous recommendations made to Sri Lanka in 2016, and commended it for legislative amendments and institutional measures, namely the creation of an office for missing persons. Mr. Duhaime said that the Working Group was grateful for the many communications received by States. However, there was still an obligation to investigate and sanction all alleged cases of enforced disappearances. A case in point was alleged disappearances of human rights defenders in Egypt. Mr. Duhaime was glad to hear that the fight against impunity was a concern for the new Government in Pakistan. However, reprisals against human rights defenders still needed to be addressed. Responding to comments by the Russian Federation, Mr. Duhaime clarified that a full report on Ukraine would be issued in 2019. The fight against the drug trade in the Philippines could be a fertile ground for enforced disappearances, Mr. Duhaime cautioned. As for enforced disappearances in the context of migration, the Working Group had already published a study on that issue and had provided specific recommendations. Mr. Duhaime reiterated that the Working Group acted in accordance with relevant Human Rights Council resolutions, and it analyzed allegations in an independent and impartial manner. SEONG-PHIL HONG, Chair of the Working Group on arbitrary detention, said that he was encouraged by the received comments. On the enhancement of working methods, the Working Group was trying to work more efficiently. Its aims were predictability, objectivity and fairness. Mr. Hong explained that the thematic issue on consular assistance was in focus due to the greater occurrence of grave violations of fair trial. The link between torture and arbitrary detention should be tackled with more focus. There was an increasing emergence of deprivation of liberty in not only prisons, but also in migration centres and medical institutions. It was perpetrated not only by State actors, but also by private actors, and it happened even to children. Mr. Hong appreciated the positive comments about the need for more cooperation and coordination among countries in communications, urgent appeals, and country visits. Responding to the questions about the rates of deprivation of liberty due to peaceful demonstrations, Mr. Hong noted that there were more and more people deprived of their liberty because of their exercise of the freedom of expression and assembly. Human rights defenders were routinely subjected to some form of detention. On the issue of credibility of information, the Group tried to be fair and objective. The Group did not make judgments alone; it heard a lot from other Special Procedures and regional human rights bodies, Mr. Hong stressed. Angola noted that over 800 cases of enforced disappearances registered in 40 countries illustrated the reality, which was difficult to understand. It also reinforced the need to strengthen the Working Group’s methods. Algeria recalled the painful disappearances in the nineties, which continued to be treated under the Peace and Reconciliation Charter. Algeria cooperated with the Working Group on arbitrary detention and was responding to its appeals. Bahrain said its courts and criminal justice system were entirely independent and impartial and the judicial authorities guaranteed a fair and equal trial for all litigants. Belgium shared concern about the global rise of short-term enforced disappearances, which were often used as a means of intimidation or retaliation. Could the Working Group on arbitrary detention elaborate its strategic approach to fight torture through liaising with the Committee against Torture? Greece shared concern that the number of enforced disappearances continued to be unacceptably high worldwide. The thematic focus on the linkages between arbitrary detention and instances of torture and ill-treatment was welcomed. Mexico said it had an ongoing constructive dialogue with the Working Group and was seeking to prevent enforced disappearances. In 2017, a law on enforced disappearances had been adopted in line with international standards. Afghanistan said it valued the measures taken by the Working Groups to follow-up on alleged violations of human rights. Afghanistan asked for recommendations to prevent violations of human rights and reiterated its continued engagement with the Working Group on enforced or involuntary disappearance. Ecuador recognized that the right to truth and memory was overarching and concerned not just victims of human rights violations, but the whole country. As such, the country’s legislation recognized enforced disappearances as an autonomous crime, bolstered by robust laws to protect all Ecuadorians. Serbia highlighted their commitment to providing solutions to the problem of enforced or involuntary disappearances but noted that it was a regional problem requiring regional approaches, regional cooperation and regional responsibility. Through their War Crimes Prosecutor Office, Serbia had already taken steps to investigate war crimes. Oman said that they did not consider the opinion of the Working Group on arbitrary detention as accurate pertaining to Oman. They asked for respect for the independence of their laws and the sovereignty of their State, adding that they had a distinguished record with regard to human rights. Lebanon, after taking note of both reports, said that the Lebanese continued working with the relevant authorities with a desire to improving human rights in the country. They persisted positively and transparently in their correspondence with the Office, even in the face of regional difficulties. Nigeria stressed that all detentions within their territory were carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and other relevant laws. Actions of the Boko Haram terrorist group made security difficult but Nigeria remained committed to ensuring that all its citizens enjoyed full access to human rights. The Gambia noted that it was committed to review its laws with respect to arrest and detention. In cooperation with civil society, it was conducting human rights training for police officers and staff, as well as intelligence staff, who had been stripped of all powers of arrest and detention. Tanzania recognized that any arbitrary arrest and enforced disappearance of a person was a violation of human rights. Its national criminal laws were in line with the right to equality under the law and the right to a fair trial, as provided for by the Constitution. Peru said that it had made significant efforts to search for missing persons and to implement reconciliation measures. It also had a national plan for the search for missing persons, whereas its national human rights plan 2018-2021 afforded special protection to victims of violence that had taken place between 1980 and 2000. Canada welcomed Sri Lanka’s operationalization of the Office for Missing Persons. However, it was imperative that Sri Lanka establish, without delay, a truth and reconciliation commission, a reparations programme and a special accountability mechanism. Vanuatu drew attention to the ongoing enforced disappearances and arbitrary detention of the indigenous people of West Papua, particularly of those who spoke about West Papua’s claims to self-determination. It called on Indonesia to allow access of United Nations mechanisms to report about that problem. Conseil National des droit de l’homme of Morocco shared its methodology of looking into cases of enforced disappearances, combining grassroots inquiry with documentary research. Public hearings were organized in six regions of Morocco to hear the victims. International Movement against all Forms of Discrimination and Racism (IMADR) stressed that the Prevention of Terrorism Act had caused horrendous human rights abuses in Sri Lanka. The Act had been used disproportionately against the Tamil community and had contributed to reported cases of arbitrary arrest and detention. Alsalam Foundation welcomed the connection between arbitrary detention and torture, which was particularly evident in Bahrain. Enforced disappearances, incommunicado detention, and torture-induced confessions were frequently documented such as in the case of a mass terrorism trial in which 115 Bahrainis were convicted. Asian Legal Resource Centre said it had been documenting enforced disappearances in many Asian countries. Hundreds of citizens were disappearing in Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia and their criminal justice systems were complicit as no one was prosecuted and victims had no protection. Mouvement contre le racism et pour l’amitie entre les peoples drew the Council’s attention to the situation in Western Sahara where enforced disappearances and mass graves continued to rise under Moroccan occupation. The Working Group was asked to look into crimes committed in the Western Sahara, as there were over 800 cases of enforced disappearances. Verein Sudwind Entwicklungspoliitk talked about prisoners of conscience not receiving any medical assistance in Iran, as well as women human rights defenders and activists who were working on ethnic rights and fighting environmental causes. International Catholic Child Bureau said they had witnessed an increased focus on the deprivation of liberty of children in all settings. They welcomed the recognition that detaining children because of their parents’ migration status violated the principle of the best interests of the child and supported the call to seek alternatives to the detention of the entire family. Lutheran World Federation expressed concern about the degrading situation in Nicaragua where human rights defenders were criminalised, arbitrary detention was rampant and access to justice was not guaranteed. The Federation asked that the United Nations urge the Government of Nicaragua to take action against human rights violations committed in the country. European Centre for Law and Justice directed the Council’s attention to the plight of Pastor Andrew Craig Brunson, an American detained unjustly in Turkey for nearly two years and used as a political bargaining chip. Nearly 600,000 people worldwide had signed a petition in support the release of Pastor Andrew, whose detention violated Turkey’s obligations under the United Nations Charter. Friends World Committee for Consultation Quakers said that clarity on the criteria for the lawful use of immigration detention was needed to avoid the overuse and misuse of detention for migrants. They reminded the Council that conditions for the lawful use of immigration detention were reflected in the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, due for adoption in December. International Bar Association said that thousands of people had disappeared in Syrian detention centres without any information about their whereabouts. Families were not informed about the fate of their relatives and no investigations had been conducted into disappearances. Syria should, they said, ratify the Convention on Enforced Disappearances and stop those practices. Together against the death penalty said that the Kurdish community was one of the most suppressed groups in Iran. Since 2018, more than 400 Kurdish citizens had been arbitrarily detained and their whereabouts undocumented. They urged the Working Group and the Council to take the matter seriously and to press Iran to return the bodies of Kurdish political prisoners to their families. International Fellowship of Reconciliation commended the Working Group on arbitrary detention for its decision on a man from Tajikistan who had been forcibly moved to his military unit. That decision had been legally baseless and there was no judicial oversight, and constituted discrimination on the basis of religious belief as a Jehovah Witness. Families of Victims of Involuntary Disappearance drew attention to enforced disappearances in the Philippines and the lack of prosecution for those crimes. Impunity was weakening the rule of law and the conduct of relevant authorities, as well as the unwillingness of the victims to speak out against crimes. African Development Association spoke about the enforced disappearances taking place in the Tindouf camps in the presence of Algerian authorities, who had failed to guarantee the basic rights of the Saharawi people. There had been no prosecutions against those responsible for the committed human rights violations. Pan African Union for Science and Technology drew attention to the use by Pakistan’s military of arbitrary detention and torture. The Government did nothing to stop such practices used against journalists and lawyers. BERNARD DUHAIME, Chair of the Working Group on Enforced Disappearances, began by thanking Nigeria for their invitation to conduct a country visit; however, they were still in negotiations to finalize the ways and means for the visit to occur. They hoped that the visit would occur within the year. Accolades were given to Belgium, which had allowed the Working Group to hold a public event, thus raising the profile of the issue of enforced and involuntary disappearances. Mr. Duhaime looked forward to another event in Sarajevo. He also congratulated Mexico on passing a law in 2017 concerning enforced disappearances and expressed his hope that the National Search Committee would have all the financial and human resources provided to it as well as proper implementation measures in place. He congratulated Ecuador on its legislation to prohibit enforced disappearances, as well as providing a path for victims to seek reparations. He agreed with Serbia that enforced disappearances did indeed require a regional approach, which needed to be conducted with equality and non-discrimination. In Lebanon, he was pleased that enforced disappearances had become a preoccupation of the State. The fact that Nigeria was willing to engage both Working Groups on their respective mandates was a positive step. He congratulated Peru as well and non-governmental organizations for their invaluable input. He asked to receive additional information as to the current study on practices and other measures to be adopted with reference to enforced disappearances. Also, he stressed that organizations with cases concerning enforced disappearances should submit their queries in writing. Mr. Duhaime, reiterating his solidarity with the families of disappeared persons, saluted them on their hard work, which was not only important but very dangerous. He also said that the Working Group had great interest in continuing dialogues with States by participating in more country visits. He concluded by encouraging all States to ratify the 2016 Convention and reiterated that enforced disappearances were a crime and a violation of human dignity. They needed to stop. SEONG-PHIL HONG, Chair of the Working Group in arbitrary detention, informed that Hungary had invited the Working Group for a country visit in November 2018. In addition, Bhutan had invited the Working Group for a country visit in January 2019. On liaising with human rights mechanisms on torture, Mr. Hong explained that there was a factual and legal link between the issues of torture and arbitrary detention. Addressing concern about mass trials, he said that the Working Group only spoke through its opinions and that it tried to be very careful about taking an official stance prior to making relevant verifications. With respect to the submissions by civil society, Mr. Hong thanked civil society representatives for having spoken about individual victims, and for having presented policy recommendations. The Working Group met three times per year and every August it met with non-governmental organizations. Civil society was becoming more professional, swift and effective. The Working Group had a great need for its assistance. For use of the information media; not an official record	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1511
__label__wiki	0.640255	0.640255	Targa Resources Partners LP Announces Monthly Distribution on Preferred Units February 15, 2018 - 4:15 PM EST HOUSTON, Feb. 15, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Targa Resources Partners LP (“Targa Resources Partners” or the “Partnership”) (NYSE: NGLS PR A) announced its monthly distribution on the Partnership’s 9.00% Series A Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Units ("Series A Preferred Units") for February 2018. Targa Resources Partners LP announced today that the board of directors of its general partner has declared a monthly cash distribution of 18.75¢ per Series A Preferred Unit, or $2.25 per Series A Preferred Unit on an annualized basis, for February 2018. This cash distribution will be paid March 15, 2018 on all outstanding Series A Preferred Units to holders of record as of the close of business on February 28, 2018. About Targa Resources Partners LP Targa Resources Partners LP is a Delaware limited partnership formed in October 2006 by its parent, Targa Resources Corp. (“TRC” or the “Company”), to own, operate, acquire and develop a diversified portfolio of complementary midstream energy assets. On February 17, 2016 TRC completed the acquisition of all outstanding common units of the Partnership. Targa Resources Corp. is a leading provider of midstream services and is one of the largest independent midstream energy companies in North America. TRC owns, operates, acquires, and develops a diversified portfolio of complementary midstream energy assets. The Company is primarily engaged in the business of: gathering, compressing, treating, processing, and selling natural gas; storing, fractionating, treating, transporting, and selling NGLs and NGL products, including services to LPG exporters; gathering, storing, and terminaling crude oil; storing, terminaling, and selling refined petroleum products. The principal executive offices of Targa Resources Partners LP are located at 811 Louisiana, Suite 2100, Houston, TX 77002 and their telephone number is 713-584-1000. For more information please go to www.targaresources.com. Certain statements in this release are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this release that address activities, events or developments that the Partnership expects, believes or anticipates will or may occur in the future, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements rely on a number of assumptions concerning future events and are subject to a number of uncertainties, factors and risks, many of which are outside the Partnership’s control, which could cause results to differ materially from those expected by management of the Partnership. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, weather, political, economic and market conditions, including a decline in the price and market demand for natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil, the timing and success of business development efforts; and other uncertainties. These and other applicable uncertainties, factors and risks are described more fully in the Partnership's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K. The Partnership does not undertake an obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. This release is intended to be a qualified notice under Treasury Regulation Section 1.1446-4(b). Brokers and nominees should treat one hundred percent (100.0%) of Targa Resources Partners LP’s distributions to foreign investors as being attributable to income that is effectively connected with a United States trade or business. Accordingly, Targa Resources Partners LP’s distributions to foreign investors are subject to federal income tax withholding at the highest applicable effective tax rate. Sanjay Lad Director – Investor Relations Jennifer Kneale Vice President - Finance Source: GlobeNewswire (February 15, 2018 - 4:15 PM EST)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1512
__label__wiki	0.987186	0.987186	Jason KENNY \| Olympic Channel – Track Cycling menu-2ndLev All videos and stories 23 Mar 1988 Bolton, Great Britain 178 cm / 81 kg 5'10'' / 178 pounds Jason Kenny was a multiple world champion at junior level winning three gold medals at both the World and European junior track championships in 2006. He made his World Cup debut for Great Britain late in 2006 as a member of the team sprint trio that posted a victory in Moscow. Although he raced for his country in World Cup events in the 2007/08 season it was considered a mild surprise when he was chosen for Beijing ahead of more experienced team-mates. On his first appearance on the Olympic stage he rode second wheel for the British team sprinters as they... Jason Kenny was a multiple world champion at junior level winning three gold medals at both the World and European junior track championships in 2006. He made his World Cup debut for Great Britain late in 2006 as a member of the team sprint trio that posted a victory in Moscow. Although he raced for his country in World Cup events in the 2007/08 season it was considered a mild surprise when he was chosen for Beijing ahead of more experienced team-mates. On his first appearance on the Olympic stage he rode second wheel for the British team sprinters as they set a new world best for the event and then went on help the team defeat their French rivals for the Olympic title. Kenny broke his personal best time by a considerable margin in qualifying for the individual sprint and won every heat he contested until defeated by compatriot Chris Hoy in the final. Kenny was defeated by France’s Gregory Bauge in the final of the sprint event at the 2011 World Championships but was elevated to world champion when Bauge had his results annulled for most of 2011 after missing three competition doping tests. The following year, Kenny took his tally of Olympic gold medals to three when he won the individual and team sprint at London 2012. He followed that with a second World Championship gold medal when he won the keirin in Minsk in 2013, and just before the 2016 Olympics, he won his third world title in the individual sprint. At Rio, Kenny took his total of Olympic medals to seven, including a record equaling six golds by a British athlete (shared with fellow cyclist Chris Hoy, as he once more added the two sprint titles and also the keirin gold to his collection. His total of seven medals is just one behind the all-time Olympic cycling record of Bradley Wiggins. In September 2016 Jason married fellow British Olympic cyclist [Laura Trott] () and it as announced in the following February that they were expecting their first baby. Jason in numbers Gold medal:6 Silver medal:1 Bronze medal: 1 Gold medal Team Sprint 2 Silver medal NewsTrack Cycling Jason Kenny: History in the making Everything you need to know about the European Games 2019 Simone Biles, Ma Long, Teddy Riner: Meet the potential history-makers at Tokyo 2020 Laura Kenny back up to speed after overcoming confidence crisis It's a boy for the Kennys Cycling Track Day 11 Afternoon Session \| Rio 2016 Replays Cycling Track Day 9 Afternoon Session \| Rio 2016 Replays Kenny breaks Olympic Men's Sprint Cycling record Men's Track Cycling Sprint \| Rio 2016 Replays Men's Keirin Finals \| Rio 2016 Replays Team GB's Kenny Sprint Track Cycling gold Kenny wins Men's Keirin gold Team GB win third consecutive Men's Cycling Team gold Kenny cycling gold delights home crowd \| London 2012 Replays Team GB pedal to Team Sprint gold \| London 2012 Replays	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1513
__label__cc	0.570642	0.429358	Pages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 9534 result(s) returned The material acknowledged below is Proprietary (see terms and conditions) This content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Licence The following material is contained in: Work, Personal Lives and Social Policy (ed. Gerry Discussion on James Madison Pulitzer-prize winning historian Jack N. Rakove discusses Madison, his work, and his influence in an interview with Manuscript Division Chief Jim Hutson. For transcript, captions, and more information, visit http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6289 From Weeks to Minutes: How Fintech Is Changing the Speed of Lending Online lender Kabbage harnesses the power of data analytics to approve small business loans far faster than banks, says executive Spencer Robinson. How Email Works How private is email? Where does it go? These questions and others are explained in this video. (01:18) 3 Recorded temperatures Analyses of over 400 proxy climate series (from trees, corals, ice cores and historical records) show that the 1990s was the warmest decade of the millennium and the 20th century the warmest century. The warmest year of the millennium was 1998, and the coldest was probably 1601. (Climatic Research Unit, 2003) Throughout historical times, fluctuations in the Earth's mean temperature have been recorded. During the seventeenth century, the Thames periodically froze over during winter and m 2.1.2 How a force-field diagram can help The diagram is a useful expositional or presentational device. When you are presenting an analysis or proposal, the diagram will enable you to describe (and distinguish between) the reasons for a change. It will enable you to do the same for the reasons why a change may be resisted. The diagram will be an explicit prompt for exploring the restraining forces. The more a manager finds out about these, and the earlier, the better placed the manag Dangerous Irene aims for Northeast Aug. 25 - Hurricane Irene is a dangerous Category 3 storm heading for North Carolina and the Northeast U.S. just as many families are setting out for their final summer getaway. Virtual Maths, Shapes, Space and Measure, Sine, Cosine, Tangent, and Theta Interactive tool demonstrating formulae for sine, cosine, and tangent with Theta 2.4 Review In working through this section, you have identified some of your initial expectations and I have explained some of what I think you will discover as you work through the unit. It would be appropriate at this point to look at some of the questions I asked you about your expectations again and note ways your expectations have changed. Spend a total of around 30 minutes on the next three activities. The Pink Glove Dance-Breast Cancer Awareness This is a wonderful video done by the Employees at Providence St. Vincent Medical Cente to increase awareness of breast cancer. A very creative teaching resource for a lesson/unit on cancer. (3:38) 9.110J Neurology, Neuropsychology, and Neurobiology of Aging (MIT) Lectures and discussions in this course cover the clinical, behavioral, and molecular aspects of the brain aging processes in humans. Topics include the loss of memory and other cognitive abilities in normal aging, as well as neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Discussions based on readings taken from primary literature explore the current research in this field. Author(s): Corkin, Suzanne,Ingram, Vernon M. HST.176 Cellular and Molecular Immunology (MIT) This course covers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure and function of antigen receptors, the cell biology of antigen processing and presentation, including molecular structure and assembly of MHC molecules, the biology of cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases. The course is structured as a series of lectures and tutorials in which clinical cases are discussed with faculty tutors. Lecture Author(s): Pillai, Shiv 1 Wind energy Wind energy was the fastest growing power source at the start of the 21st century, yet wind-driven mills and pumps, and nautical sails for transport were, along with waterwheels, the first mechanical devices to power industrial production. The advantages of harnessing wind energy are obvious; it is free, clean and widely available (but see later). Although a favoured source of 'green' energy, the increasing deployment of wind turbines where they are most efficient, on hilltops and coasts, tog 4.5 Summary of Section 4 Proteins that serve similar functions often have similar amino acid sequences. The sequence of a protein can point to a particular function and can also be used to predict protein conformation. Homologous proteins contain statistically significant (i.e. above random) similarities in their amino acid sequences. The SH2 domain is an example of a domain that is highly conserved across different eukaryotes and is common to many diff 4.15 Summary of Part C In Part C you have learnt that: delegated legislation is law made by bodies other than Parliament, but with the authority of Parliament delegated in an enabling or parent Act the types of delegated legislation are: Statutory Instruments Orders in Council Court Rule committees Virtual Maths, Density formula simulation Density, mass and volume interactive formula, simulation Journées Emois Paris 2014: Mise en place de la fonction de data-manager au DIM du CH de ... Titre : Journées Emois Paris 2014: Mise en place de la fonction de data-manager au DIM du CH de Moulins-Yzeure Intervenant: Julie SOULARD, Centre hospitalier Moulins-Yzeure E3 : Session TIM : les professionnels dans le DIM et leurs rôles – Salon Gulbenkian Modérateurs : L MOLINIER, N TARIGHT E-3-1 TACHIER P, MARTIN L, ZANNETTACCI ... 4.1 Understanding the relationship between data and space A map on its own is meaningless. Try showing one to a person from a culture which does not include mapmaking as we know it. A map is neither a picture nor a story – unless we know how to ‘read’ it. You have already developed ‘reading skills’ which will help in reading maps. For example, noting the title and the sources are common to all the uses of evidence in the social sciences. Critical awareness is vital in recognising how mapmaking involves selection, distortion and generalisat 4.1 Glucose metabolism We are now in a position to draw together the major concepts and components of signalling, and show how they operate in one well-understood system, namely the regulation of the storage or release of glucose in the human body. From this, you will be able to recognize archetypal pathways represented in specific examples, you will be able to appreciate how the same basic pathways can be stimulated by different hormones in different tissues, and you will see how opposing hormones activate separat “Beneficial JI” - Short talk 2.1: Neta Spiro - Joint improvisation in music therapy: ... Some types of music therapy, such as Nordoff Robbins, involve improvisation by the client and therapist andthe relationship between the participants’ music making is prioritised. Some children with a diagnosis ofautism who attend these kinds of music therapy sessions often have difficulties speaking and can bereferred for a range of ... Pages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1515
__label__wiki	0.945921	0.945921	Itinerary Home The National Park Service and American Latino Heritage American Latinos and the Making of the United States: A Theme Study Other Itineraries Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary American Latino Heritage Farragut, Admiral David Glasgow, Gravesite The Farragut Gravesite and Monument in Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx, New York Courtesy of Anthony22, Wikimedia Commons "Damn the torpedoes!" -- Admiral David G. Farragut, 1864 A figure of transcendent historical importance, Admiral David Glasgow Farragut devoted his life to service in the United States Navy. The son of a Spanish-American immigrant and Revolutionary War veteran, Farragut himself was a Civil War hero remembered for his bravery at the Battle of Mobile Bay. Farragut was the first person to hold the ranks of Vice Admiral, Rear Admiral, and full Admiral in the United States Navy. Farragut’s gravesite in Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx is a National Historic Landmark and the only known surviving property directly associated with Farragut that overall retains high integrity. Woodlawn Cemetery, which is a National Historic Landmark, is the final resting place for many well-known Americans and Farragut’s public burial there in 1870 was one of the cemetery’s earliest interments. David Farragut was born James Glasgow Farragut to George (Jorge) Farragut and Elizabeth Shine Farragut on July 5, 1801. His father, merchant seaman Jorge Antonio Farragut-Mesquida, was born on the Spanish island Minorca in 1755. Jorge and David Farragut are descendants of conquistador Don Pedro Farragut who served the King of Aragon, a realm that included eastern Spain, during the 13th century. For Pedro Farragut’s efforts in the wars to retake land settled by Moors in the western Mediterranean, the king of Spain gave the prominent Farragut family a title and estates on Minorca. Over 500 years later, Jorge Farragut left Minorca as a young man to work on merchant ships. In 1776, he immigrated to South Carolina, Anglicized his name to “George,” joined South Carolina’s continental navy, and fought the British on land and at sea in the American Revolution. He met his wife, Scotch-Irish American Elizabeth Shine, in 1795. The Farraguts lived in Campbell’s Station, Tennessee until 1807 when Jorge was stationed at New Orleans. Admiral David G. Farragut, ca. 1855-1865 In New Orleans, seven-year-old James Farragut left his birth family to join the Porter family. His mother died in 1808 during a yellow fever epidemic, but before she passed away, she and her husband cared for naval officer David Porter. Grateful to the Farraguts for caring for his father, David Porter’s son, also David Porter, offered to adopt James, and Jorge Farragut said yes. The younger David Porter was a naval commander and James, who later wrote that he was inspired by the commander’s uniform, quickly agreed to go with the Porters. Later in life, Farragut wrote, “to the day of his death Comdre Porter was a father to me and I never saw my own father again.” After the adoption, the Porters left New Orleans and moved to Washington, D.C., and then West Chester, Pennsylvania. By the time he was nine years old, Farragut was a midshipman in the U.S. Navy and remained on active duty until his death at age 69. Farragut first saw action during the War of 1812, while he served on Porter’s ship, the USS Essex. At the start of the war, the Essex patrolled the South American coast to hunt British whaling ships, but soon joined the fighting. During the War of 1812, Farragut had his first command, a captured British ship named the HMS Barclay. He also participated in his first naval battle during the war when British warships cornered the Essex. The bloody skirmish lasted over two hours and killed 58 of Porter’s crew. This first battle hardened Farragut and Porter was impressed by his ward’s ability to perform under pressure. During the war, James changed his first name to David in honor of his adoptive father. After the war, Farragut served in U.S. fleets in the Mediterranean and the Caribbean. He married his first wife, Susan Merchant of Norfolk, Virginia, in 1823 and two years later received a promotion to lieutenant. In 1838, Farragut served in the Gulf of Mexico, where he witnessed the French attack on Veracruz. Nine years later, he referred to his knowledge of Veracruz’s defenses and his ability to speak Spanish when he requested a naval command during the Mexican-American War. In the meantime, his first wife died of illness in 1840 and he remarried three years later. His second wife, Virginia Loyall Farragut, was also from Norfolk. She was the mother of his only surviving son, Loyall Farragut. When the Mexican-American War was underway, Farragut received command of a ship in the Gulf in 1847, but was too late to the war to direct the bombardment of the city of Veracruz. In the 1850s, the navy promoted him to captain and he established the first U.S. naval base on the west coast, California’s Mare Island Naval Ship Yard. By the eve of the Civil War, Captain Farragut was approaching retirement from a successful, though not yet celebrated, career. Map of Mobile Bay, 1861, where Farragut ordered his fleet through a torpedo field in 1864 H.H. Lloyd & Co's Campaign Military Charts, As a captain in the United State Navy living in Norfolk, Virginia, Farragut had to choose a side quickly at the start of the Civil War. Though he spent his early years in the South and maintained a home in Virginia, Farragut was loyal to the Union and to the U.S. Navy. In 1861, the Farraguts fled Virginia and settled in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, as refugees. Farragut waited there for orders from the Navy Department. Farragut’s move to New York caught the attention of the Union Secretary of the Navy, who was searching for an officer to command an assault on New Orleans. Glowing references from Farragut’s peers and records of Farragut’s foresight in the Gulf of Mexico in 1838 secured his command. His flagship during the Civil War was the USS Hartford, a newly commissioned sloop-of-war. Under Farragut’s leadership, the United States Navy took New Orleans and surrounding Confederate forts in the spring of 1862. This victory boosted moral in the North and propelled Farragut into the public spotlight. Soon after the battle, Congress created the new rank of rear admiral in order to promote Farragut, who became the first man to hold that rank in the United States Navy. Farragut is perhaps most famous for his victory at the Battle of Mobile Bay in 1864, where he led his fleet through a field of “torpedoes,” submerged explosives, while they took Confederate fire from the shore. According to Loyall Farragut’s David Farragut biography, as the fleet moved through the bay the admiral knew it was too late to turn back, so he shouted, “Damn the torpedoes! Four bells! Captain Drayton, go ahead! Jouett, full speed!” In popular culture, he is often quoted as saying, “Damn the torpedoes! Full speed ahead!” The Union fleet lost one ironclad ship to the explosives, the USS Tecumseh, and 335 men, but Farragut took Fort Morgan and secured the blockade. After this second major victory, Congress awarded Farragut with the official Thanks of Congress. He was the only Civil War officer to receive this honor twice. Congress also created the rank of vice admiral, to which Farragut immediately received a promotion. Citizens of New York City raised a $50,000 gift for Farragut, which he received on New Year’s Day, 1865. With inflation, this gift today is equal to three quarters of a million dollars. In 1866, Congress promoted Farragut a final time when it created the new rank of admiral (four stars). Admiral Farragut and his wife went on a world tour after the war. Virginia Farragut received special permission from President Johnson to join her husband on the USS Franklin, as Farragut attended social events with heads of state throughout Europe. The couple visited Spanish Minorca where Farragut’s father was born, as well as Portugal, Gibraltar, Italy, Malta, Holland, Belgium, Greece, Turkey, France, Switzerland, Sweden, England, and Russia. On the return trip, Farragut became ill and, although he recovered, he remained in a weakened condition. The Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx Courtesy of the Woodlawn Cemetery Farragut returned to the Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery, Maine, on the Tallapoosa. He carried out his official duties from a sickbed at the Commandant’s Residence, before he died August 14, 1870. The mayor of New York City asked the navy to return Farragut’s remains to the northern city that embraced the Virginian officer just nine years earlier. On October 1, soldiers, sailors, and politicians -- including President Ulysses S. Grant -- formed a funeral procession two miles long to escort the admiral’s coffin to his final resting place at Woodlawn Cemetery. Admiral David Glasgow Farragut’s historic gravesite is in Lot Number 1429-44, Section 14, a large circle in the center of the Woodlawn Cemetery’s larger Aurora Hill Plot, where Farragut and his immediate family are interred. Farragut was the first person to be buried in the cemetery’s Aurora Hill Plot. His wife, son, and daughter-in-law joined him there later. The impressive Farragut Monument marks the gravesite. The monument is a tall, carved, marble pillar on a granite block, and was the work of New York City-based stone carvers, Casoni & Isola. At the base of the pillar, carved into the stone, are symbols of Farragut’s military career: three shields that represent Farragut’s connection to the U.S. Navy, the forts he took at New Orleans, and his Civil War flagship, the Hartford; an anchor; a sword; a sextant; a draped sail; and a compass. The stone monument is worn, but otherwise in good condition. Farragut’s grand funeral promoted the new Woodlawn Cemetery, founded in 1863, and his monument set the early standard for the cemetery’s memorial architecture. In the decades that followed the admiral’s death, the rural cemetery received a reputation as a graveyard of America’s northeastern elite and as a gallery for skilled stone carvers and architects. Today, Farragut’s gravesite on Aurora Hill is the best-preserved property directly associated with the first rear admiral, vice admiral, and four-star admiral in United States history. Woodlawn Cemetery is a National Historic Landmark because of its significance in landscape architecture, built architecture, and art. Farragut, Admiral David Glasgow, Gravesite is a National Historic Landmark located at Lot Number 1429-44, Section 14, in the Aurora Hill in Woodlawn Cemetery Plot just south of the intersection of East 233rd St. and Webster Ave. in Bronx, NY. Woodlawn Cemetery is open daily from 8:30am to 5:00pm. The cemetery’s administration office is open during those hours, except on Federal holidays. For more information, visit the Woodlawn Cemetery website or call 718-920-0500. David Farragut is featured on the Vicksburg National Military Park website. The Old Louisiana State Capitol in New Orleans, captured after Farragut’s victory in 1862, is featured in the National Park Service Explore the History and Culture of Southeastern Louisiana travel itinerary and the Mobile National Cemetery is featured in Civil War Era National Cemeteries: Honoring Those Who Served travel itinerary. The Battle of Mobile Bay is the subject of an online lesson plan, Fort Morgan and the Battle of Mobile Bay. The lesson plan has been produced by the National Park Service’s Teaching with Historic Places program, which offers a series of online classroom-ready lesson plans on registered historic places. To learn more, visit the Teaching with Historic Places home page. Itinerary Home \| List of sites \| Maps \| Learn More \| Credits \| Other Itineraries \| NR Home \| Search NPS Home - Site Index \| NPS Frequently Asked Questions \| Contact NPS \| Disclaimer \| Accessibility World Heritage \| Privacy \| FOIA \| Notices \| DOI \| USA.gov \| No Fear Act \| Diversity	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1516
__label__wiki	0.869301	0.869301	Andrew Burton/Getty Images News/Getty Images Grocery, restaurant groups file suit against NYC menu labeling FMI and NRA say city is sidestepping FDA guidelines Dan Orlando \| Jul 14, 2017 On Friday, the Food Marketing Institute and the National Restaurant Association teamed with several other foodservice industry groups to take legal action against the City of New York for what it said was premature enforcement of nutritional disclosure guidelines for foodservice establishments. The National Association of Convenience Stores and the New York Association of Convenience Stores also joined FMI in the suit, which was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. FMI, NRA and their cohorts argue that the city is flouting impending federal transparency regulations by enforcing a similar local code as soon as next month. “The federal law preempts a municipality from taking matters into its own hands, and this is exactly what New York City is attempting to do,” said Jennifer Hatcher, FMI chief public policy officer in a statement. “New York City’s actions threaten interstate commerce and would introduce unneeded elements of confusion into the food retail marketplace.” Regulation 81.50 is the latest version of New York’s nutritional transparency mandate and enforcement is scheduled to begin on August 21, 2017. At that point, foodservice establishments within NYC that have 15 or more locations nationwide would need to disclose calorie counts and other nutritional information as well as post a statement about the daily recommended caloric intake of 2,000 calories. The regulations would impact about 3,000 restaurants and 1,500 food retailer chains according to the city’s website. Though New York was an early adopter to nutritional transparency, with chain restaurants being held to similar standards for about a decade, the guidelines are new for other retailers such as grocers. “Federal preemption for menu labeling is the law of the land,” Angelo Amador, executive director at the NRA’s Restaurant Law Association said in statement. “New York City is overstepping its legal authority in its attempt to enforce menu labeling ahead of the federal compliance date of May 7, 2018. We expect our preliminary injunction request will be granted to this clear violation of federal law.” The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s guidelines are currently scheduled to take effect about 10 months later in May of 2018. Originally planned for a May of 2017 rollout, the FDA’s rules would require foodservice establishments with 20 or more units under the same brand- as opposed to New York’s 15 or more cutoff- to make nutritional info and calorie counts available in a “direct and accessible manner” on either menu boards or other literature, according to the agency’s website. This new FDA rule includes both selections prepared onsite at grocery stores such as made-to-order sandwiches or other items ordered off of a menu — as well as restaurant meals. The FDA regulations were delayed another year shortly before the deadline came to pass in order to ensure that impacted establishments had adequate time to prepare. Court documents claim that that the local New York City rules are not identical to the impending FDA rules because they are effective immediately which would clash with the federal government’s plan to delay compliance for one more year. The plaintiffs have asked the court to stop New York City from enforcing the regulations on the local level prior to the nation-wide rollout next May. “New York City can’t jump the gun and start imposing fines when FDA hasn’t even figured out how disclosures should be made," said Lyle Beckwith, senior vice president of government relations for NACS via statement. “Doing that holds stores to standards that no one can meet and undermines the point of having a federal law in the first place.” Contact Dan Orlando at [email protected] Follow him on Twitter: @DanAMX	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1518
__label__wiki	0.718429	0.718429	Email to share with You can enter multiple addresses separated by commas to send the article to a group; to send to recipients individually, enter just one address at a time. Stifled by Success Max Beerbohm Can a writer’s original inspiration survive success? Imagine you are Karl Ove Knausgaard at this point in his career. You have launched into a madly detailed, multi-volume exposure of your family life. You began the project in relative obscurity. The book was a major departure from the novels you had been writing before. The possibility that what you were writing would become a major national, then international literary “event” barely crossed your mind. There was simply the turmoil and excitement and hard work of putting new territory on paper. Then the reviews began, the features, festivals, and flattery, the interviews, the travel, the larger and larger advances, the requests for contributions to prestigious newspapers or quotes for the covers of other writers’ books, an interminable stream of emails and phone calls. Of course you might be able to resist all this, but even resisting would change the tone of your life. A siege mentality would ensue. And why should you resist? Why not enjoy success? Why not accept that you are a genius, if people insistently tell you that you are? One way or another, from this point on it will be hard to achieve the same concentration, the same innocence, when you return to the empty page and the next stage in a life story that is now radically transformed. Inevitably you will be tempted to write toward what the public has appreciated, laying the guilt and shame on thick, if it was the expression of guilt and shame that the critics admired. Or, conversely, you may now find yourself deliberately refusing to give the public what they were enjoying, precisely to avoid becoming their servant, to stay in control. Either way the atmosphere you work in has changed. In 1874, Giovanni Verga, at the time a modestly successful society novelist, was invited to write a short story about Sicilian country folk. Something of a dandy himself, a man who had abandoned Sicily to be at the heart of a more modern and mundane Italy in Milan, Verga wasn’t enthusiastic. But because he needed money to finance his fancy clothes habit he wrote a story, “Nedda,” that entirely changed his life. Essentially it is the tale of how a country girl comes to grief, falling pregnant before marriage, then loses her husband-to-be in a farm accident. “Nedda” was such a success that Verga, who now saw that he had stumbled upon something close to his heart, began a whole series of “country-folk” novellas, each more brilliantly constructed and devastatingly pessimistic than the next. Constantly praised for the stories’ implacable social realism, and again for his use of Sicilian dialect, or, to be more accurate, a rich mix of dialect forms and regular Italian that gave readers the illusion they were hearing Sicilian voices, Verga, who was rapidly growing wealthy from his sales, began to study in academic earnest the world he had hitherto written about only from memory and with great creative liberty. He began to think of himself as some kind of anthropologist involved in a vast Zola-like project of mapping out Sicilian society. So he wrote the considerable novels I Malavoglia and Mastro-don Gesualdo. But to read these overly long, muddled works, cluttered with detail and packed with Sicilian proverbs, is to appreciate that both the public and Verga had misunderstood the qualities of the novellas. Their success had nothing to do with any commitment to social justice. Their achievement was to fuse an apparently collective narrative voice, as if the story were told by the community, with protagonists who accept and even engineer their own downfalls, because, however scandalously treated, they have completely internalized society’s judgement of their predicaments and see nothing strange in their “punishment.” And all this happens very quickly and with a devastating sense of inevitability. So Nedda, unable to support her dying mother or feed her baby, hardly protests that her fellow Catholics are denying her charity because she had the child out of wedlock. It seems entirely normal to her. The irony that we all allow a hypocritical society to guide our most intimate judgements was something Verga struggled with in his own personal life and that he had now found a way of expressing on paper. Which makes the fact that he was himself pulled off course by public acclaim and the contemporary enthusiasm for pseudo-scientific realism all the more ironic. Of writers like Joyce, or Pavese, or Beckett, one might say exactly the opposite. They did everything they could not to go where the public pushed them. Joyce relentlessly made things more and more difficult for readers, as if success actually prevented him from producing more of the same, so determined was he to be nobody’s servant. Hence the lucid and fluent Dubliners becomes the more difficult Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man, then the far more difficult Ulysses, packed with passages that many felt were obscene, and finally, when that brought even more success, the completely indigestible Finnegans Wake. Joyce would read sections of his “Work in Progress” to friends to see how they responded; when he felt they had understood too easily, he would go make it more difficult. Cesare Pavese was convinced that any literary success must mean he had compromised his principles in some way, allowed himself to be contaminated. In 1950, shortly after winning Italy’s major literary prize, the Strega, he killed himself, aged forty-one. Reading Beckett’s letters after the first productions of Waiting for Godot, one has the impression of a man determined to deny fans and critics the profound significance they are convinced must lie behind the play. His increasingly cryptic later works look very much like a reaction against success, a determination not to let the public have its much craved symbolism to as he put it, “take away with a choc-ice at the end of the performance.” We can admire this determination not to surf a wave of public acclaim, but all the same none of these writers is isolated from the consequences of success. Their work is clearly influenced by the attention it achieved. And since many admire a writer all the more for his intransigent refusal to cozy up to the reader, this hostile reaction actually feeds the public’s interest and esteem. The more cryptic Beckett becomes in reaction to those readers after a meaning, the more he resembles the kind of author some readers are eager to adore, because meaning is always more profound when arrived at with effort. Indeed the presence of the cryptic almost guarantees the seriousness of the meaning withheld. Someone who hides has something to hide. Among more recent authors, Philip Roth has played endlessly with the critics’ interest in the relationship between his fiction and his private life, arriving in Deception at having a character called Philip Roth announce, “I write fiction and I’m told it’s autobiography, I write autobiography and I’m told it’s fiction, so since I’m so dim and they’re so smart, let them decide what it is or it isn’t.” These are games one can only play when one’s previous work has created a certain notoriety; Roth never seemed worried that he was allowing his novels to be influenced by this noisy engagement with his own celebrity. Conversely J. D. Salinger and later Thomas Pynchon allowed celebrity to push them into long periods of silence, as if success had forced them to become austere. But whether happy to join the scrimmage or appalled by the idea of being contaminated, all these writers are inevitably changed by the reception of their work and removed from the atmosphere of their initial inspiration. Let us add one more complication success brings: the illusion of predestination. In this regard I cannot help recalling a long conversation with V. S. Naipaul in which he insisted that he could not have failed as an author, and that recognition, even immediate recognition, of his genius was inevitable, simply because he was so good. I could not persuade him to accept that he only believed this because he had in fact been successful and that it must have been possible, given the world’s perversity, for recognition to have eluded him. The conviction of predestination came after the event. But whatever the exact psychology of the process, the present has a way of contaminating the past. And the writing will change accordingly. Turmoil and dilemma once experienced with a certain desperation may be seen more complacently as the writer reflects that through expressing them he has realized his inevitable and well-deserved triumph. The lean years of patient toil when no one paid attention may even begin to seem preferable to the present. The very thing you created in the heat of fierce concentration has destroyed the circumstances that made it possible. The writer is devoured along with his books. The Knausgaard Fallacy Writing to Win From the Current Issue —— July 18 —— Which Way to the City on a Hill? The Driest Eye Deborah Eisenberg America’s Indefensible Defense Budget Jessica T. Mathews The Case of Yiyun Li The Road Taken Caroline Fraser	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1520
__label__wiki	0.598575	0.598575	Opinion\|Like Father, Like Son Opinion \| Op-Ed Columnist Thomas L. Friedman FEB. 14, 2012 Watching the Syrian Army pummel the Syrian town of Homs to put down the rebellion there against the regime of President Bashar al-Assad is the remake of a really bad movie that starred Bashar’s father, Hafez, exactly 30 years ago this month. I know. I saw the original. It was April 1982 and I had just arrived in Beirut as a reporter for The New York Times. I quickly heard terrifying stories about an uprising that had happened in February in the Syrian town of Hama, led by the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood. Word had it (there were no Internet or cellphones) that then-President Hafez al-Assad had quashed the rebellion by shelling whole Hama neighborhoods, then dynamiting buildings, some with residents still inside. That May, I got a visa to Syria, just as Hama had been reopened. The Syrian regime was “encouraging” Syrians to drive through the broken town and reflect on its meaning. So I just hired a cab and went. It was stunning. Whole swaths of buildings had, indeed, been destroyed and then professionally steamrolled into parking lots the size of football fields. If you kicked the ground, you’d come up with scraps of clothing, a tattered book, a shoe. Amnesty International estimated that as many as 20,000 people were killed there. I had never seen brutality at that scale, and, in a book I wrote later, I gave it a name: “Hama Rules.” Hama Rules are no rules at all. You do whatever it takes to stay in power and you don’t just defeat your foes. You bomb them in their homes and then you steamroll them so that their children and their children’s children will never forget and never even dream of challenging you again. Thomas L. Friedman Credit Josh Haner/The New York Times Well, 30 years later, the children of those Syrian children have forgotten. They’ve lost their fear. This time around, though, it is not just the Muslim Brotherhood rebelling in one town. Now it is youths from all over Syria. Navtej Dhillon and Tarik Yousef, the editors of “Generation in Waiting: The Unfulfilled Promise of Young People in the Middle East,” note that more than 100 million individuals between the ages of 15 and 29 live in the Middle East, up from less than 67 million in 1990, and much of what their governments have promised them by way of jobs, marriage opportunities, apartments and a voice in their own future have not materialized. This is what sparked all these volcanic uprisings. But Syria is not Norway. The quest for democracy is not the only drama playing out there. Syria is also a highly tribalized and sectarian-divided country. Its Shiite-leaning Alawite minority — led by the Assads and comprising 12 percent of the population — dominates the government, army and security services. Sunni-Muslim Syrian Arabs are 75 percent, Christians 10 percent and Druze, Kurds and others make up the rest. While Syria’s uprising started as a nonsectarian, nonviolent expression of the desire by young Syrians to be treated as citizens, when Assad responded with Hama Rules it triggered a violent response. This has brought out the sectarian fears on all sides. Now it is hard to tell where the democratic aspirations of the rebellion stop and the sectarian aspirations — the raw desire by Syria’s Sunni majority to oust the Alawite minority — begin. As a result, most Alawites are rallying to Assad, as are some Sunnis who have benefitted from his regime, particularly in Aleppo and Damascus, the capital. These pro-regime Alawites and Sunnis see the chaos and soccer riots in Egypt and say to themselves: “Assad or chaos? We’ll take Assad.” What to do? Ideally we’d like a peaceful transition from Assad’s one-man rule to more pluralistic consensual politics. We do not want a civil war in Syria, which could destabilize the whole region. Remember: Egypt implodes, Libya implodes, Tunisia implodes. ... Syria explodes. I don’t know what is sufficient to persuade Assad to cede power to a national unity government, but I know what is necessary: He has to lose the two most important props holding up his regime. One is the support of China, Iran and Russia. There, the U.N., the European Union and Arab and Muslim countries need to keep calling out Moscow, Beijing and Iran for supporting Assad’s mass killing of unarmed civilians. China, Iran and Russia don’t care about U.S. condemnation, but they might care about the rest of the world’s. The other prop, though, can only be removed by Syrians. The still-fractious Syrian opposition has to find a way to unify itself and also reach out to the Alawites, as well as Syria’s Christian and Sunni merchants, and guarantee that their interests will be secure in a new Syria so they give up on Assad. Without that, nothing good will come of any of this. The more the Syrian opposition demonstrates to itself, to all Syrians and to the world that it is about creating a pluralistic Syria — where everyone is treated as an equal citizen — the weaker Assad will be and the more likely that a post-Assad Syria will have chance at stability and decency. The more the Syrian opposition remains fractured, the stronger Assad will be, the more some Syrians will cling to him out of fear of chaos and the more he will get away with Hama Rules. A version of this op-ed appears in print on February 15, 2012, on Page A25 of the New York edition with the headline: Like Father, Like Son. Today's Paper\|Subscribe Syria Resumes Shelling of Homs FEB. 14, 2012 TIMES TOPIC Opinion Editorial The Enablers FEB. 14, 2012 Opinion Room for Debate Is Assad’s Time Running Out? FEB. 6, 2012 Foreign affairs, globalization and technology. Who Is a Bigger Threat to His Democracy: Bibi or Trump? JUL 9 The Biggest Threat to America Is Us JUL 2 Trump Takes On China and Persia at Once. What’s to Worry About? JUN 25 Trump’s Only Consistent Foreign Policy Goal Is to One-Up Obama JUN 18 Connect the Dots to See Where Trump’s Taking Us JUN 11	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1521
__label__wiki	0.99785	0.99785	New York\|Robert Patterson Jr., Lawyer and Judge Who Fought for the Accused, Dies at 91 Robert Patterson Jr., Lawyer and Judge Who Fought for the Accused, Dies at 91 By Sam Roberts Robert P. Patterson Jr. in 1975.CreditCreditTeresa Zabala/The New York Times Robert P. Patterson Jr., a former federal judge who championed legal rights for the accused and the convicted and fought to hold guards and state troopers accountable for the casualties among inmates after the Attica prison rebellion in 1971, died on Tuesday in Manhattan. He was 91. The cause was multiple myeloma, his daughter Anne Patterson Finn said. The uprising at the Attica Correctional Facility in upstate New York resulted in the deaths of 32 inmates and 11 corrections officers and civilian employees. All but one guard and three inmates were killed in what one prosecutor branded a wanton “turkey shoot” by state troopers. Afterward, Judge Patterson, who was practicing law at the time, served on a five-member panel appointed to protect the constitutional rights of Attica inmates. In 1975, when he was a vice president of the bar association in New York City, he represented Malcolm H. Bell, a former chief assistant prosecutor in the Attica case, who contended in a letter to the New York attorney general, Louis J. Lefkowitz, that Mr. Bell’s former boss, Anthony G. Simonetti, the chief prosecutor, had possibly covered up crimes by law enforcement officers. Mr. Patterson argued to Gov. Hugh L. Carey’s counsel, Judah Gribetz, that the charges would have been “relatively easy to prove” had they been prosecuted earlier. It was Mr. Patterson’s request for an independent inquiry that prompted the governor to appoint a special state investigator, Bernard S. Meyer, a former judge on the Court of Appeals, the state’s highest court. Mr. Meyer found “no intentional cover-up” but concluded that there had been “serious errors in judgment” that led to “an imbalance in the prosecution.” As a result, a special prosecutor was appointed in December 1975. “In my opinion,” Mr. Patterson said at the time, “the prosecution, whether by intention or by poor administration and serious errors in judgment, as found in the report, has permitted so much time to pass as to render futile any attempt to prosecute successfully any crimes by law enforcement officers against inmates.” In effect, the special prosecutor, Alfred J. Scotti, concurred. In February 1976, Mr. Scotti, a former chief assistant district attorney in Manhattan, recommended, “in the interests of justice,” dropping charges against 13 inmates and the sole state trooper who had been indicted. The prisoners had been charged with assault or kidnapping, and the trooper with recklessly discharging a shotgun during the siege. Judge Patterson, whose father was a federal judge, may have seemed destined for a career in the law, but he was rebellious as a youth and was still considering some other profession even after college. “I didn’t want to be a lawyer when I went to law school because I didn’t want to follow in my father’s footsteps,” he told The New York Times in 1975. Those footsteps were formidable. In addition to being a judge, Robert P. Patterson Sr. was under secretary of war during World War II and secretary of war under President Harry S. Truman from 1945 to 1947, when he was largely credited with integrating the armed forces. The younger Judge Patterson changed his mind, he later said, when he realized that a legal career presented opportunities for public service. As a young lawyer, he worked for two months as a Legal Aid Society volunteer in the criminal courts, an experience he credited with inspiring an enduring commitment to equal justice, regardless of race or class. Robert Porter Patterson Jr. was born in Manhattan on July 11, 1923. His mother, the former Margaret Winchester, managed Fair Oaks, the family farm in the Hudson Valley. Robert grew up in Putnam County, attended the Millbrook School and enlisted in the Army Air Forces after completing his freshman year at Harvard. He was discharged four years later as a captain after flying 45 combat missions as a navigator and earning the Distinguished Flying Cross. After graduating from Harvard and then Columbia Law School, he joined Donovan, Leisure, Newton, Lumbard & Irvine and later worked as an assistant counsel to the state crime commission and as an assistant federal prosecutor. In 1956 he joined Patterson, Belknap & Webb (later Patterson, Belknap, Webb & Tyler), the firm founded by his father. The elder Judge Patterson was killed along with more than 30 others in 1952 in the crash of a twin-engine American Airlines Convair in a residential area of Elizabeth, N.J. That same year, Robert Jr. married the former Bevin Daly. She died in 2011. In addition to his daughter Anne, he is survived by two other daughters, Margaret and Katherine Patterson; a son, Paul; and four grandchildren. Among the lawyers he recruited to the firm were Zachary W. Carter, a former federal prosecutor and now New York City’s chief lawyer; a former United States attorney general, Michael B. Mukasey; and former Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani. Judge Patterson also served as president of the New York State Bar Association and the Legal Aid Society in New York and chairman of Prisoners’ Legal Services. “I don’t think I’m a person who believes that there shouldn’t be any prisons, period,” Mr. Patterson once said. “But even a violent criminal is entitled to the basic elements of human dignity.” In 1988, on the recommendation of Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, a Democrat, President Ronald Reagan appointed him to the Federal District Court for the Southern District of New York. Judge Patterson, a Republican, became a senior judge in 1998, but never officially retired. In 1990, Judge Patterson ruled that the New York City Transit Authority could not require drug testing of all its employees, only those with safety-related jobs. That same year, he declared unconstitutional proposed federal restrictions on access to telephone-pornography services. Judge Patterson had no qualms about sentencing the former president of Guatemala, Alfonso Portillo, to prison for nearly six years in a money-laundering case in 2013. But he was vexed by federal guidelines that forced him to impose a sentence of two years and three months in 2003 on a South Korean immigrant, a postal worker who had fired seven shots from a handgun at the United Nations building to protest North Korea’s treatment of its citizens. The judge said the man was making a political statement rather than intending to inflict injury. In 1995, Judge Patterson voided a 25-cent New York City Transit fare increase, to $1.50, coupled with a proportionally smaller increase for commuter railroads. He said the increase was a civil rights violation because most subway and bus riders were black or Hispanic, while most suburban rail commuters were white. He was overruled by an appellate court. Judge Patterson could be quirky and sardonic in the courtroom. During a hearing in the transit fare case, he interjected, “Objection sustained,” as a lawyer posed a question to a witness — before the opposing lawyer had even registered a complaint. A version of this article appears in print on , Section D, Page 8 of the New York edition with the headline: Robert Patterson Jr., Lawyer and Judge Who Fought for the Accused, Dies at 91. Order Reprints \| Today’s Paper \| Subscribe	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1522
__label__wiki	0.93693	0.93693	Africa\|Drought Deepens South Africa’s Malaise Drought Deepens South Africa’s Malaise T. J. Koee, a cattle farmer for 16 years in Setlagole, South Africa, lamenting drought losses in 2015: 19 dead cows, 38 left, none sold.CreditCreditJoao Silva/The New York Times By Norimitsu Onishi SETLAGOLE, South Africa — Under a midmorning sun that augured punishing heat later in the day, a handful of cows stood still inside a small pen, their ribs protruding. Too weak to reach the nearest grassy field some miles away, some munched on tall grass that their owner had cut from a strip of land along the highway, in a desperate attempt to save his cattle from the drought afflicting the land. The owner, T. J. Koee — a former miner and a full-time cattle farmer for the past 16 years — listed the drought’s toll this year: 19 dead cows, 38 left, none sold. Last year, he sold 17 calves, earning enough to support his family and send two of his children to college. “I don’t know what I’m going to do next school year because there’s no profit,” said Mr. Koee, 45, surrounded by a brown and dusty landscape that should have turned green by this time of year. “If this drought continues, all my animals will die.” The worst drought in more than a generation has gripped South Africa and other African nations as El Niño, a weather phenomenon believed to have been intensified by climate change, brings record high temperatures and low rainfalls across much of the continent. The full impact of the drought and resulting poor harvests will be felt only in the months ahead, but they have already left 29 million people in southern Africa without reliable access to food, according to the United Nations. In East Africa, particularly Ethiopia, 10 million people will need food assistance next year, aid organizations warn. The drought has compounded the effects of an economic slowdown in many African countries, brought on by slumping prices in raw materials and exports to China. As the currencies of commodity-exporting nations have fallen, it has become costlier for them to import food and other goods. In South Africa, the government has declared disaster zones in five out of nine provinces, including here in the North West, a major producer of corn, the main staple in southern Africa. As reservoir levels have dropped, officials have imposed water restrictions from Johannesburg, the largest city, to villages across the country. Water supply has been cut during certain hours in some communities, and the use of water for washing cars, gardening and filling up pools has been restricted. With forecasters predicting little rain in the months ahead, the drought has deepened an economic and political malaise in South Africa, the continent’s second-biggest economy and its most advanced. The country is close to slipping into recession, the result of falling commodity prices and the erratic economic policies of President Jacob G. Zuma’s administration. Residents collecting water in Setlagole.CreditJoao Silva/The New York Times The drought, the worst since the end of apartheid in 1994, has hit black farmers the hardest. For many, years of investment and work have evaporated in recent months, with minimal help coming from provincial governments led by Mr. Zuma’s party, the African National Congress. If losses continue or deepen, the drought could eventually pose a challenge to the African National Congress, which relies increasingly on the support of rural black voters to maintain its hold on power nationally. Some of the A.N.C.’s most loyal supporters are small-scale black farmers who benefited from the government’s land redistribution policies. Since 1994, the government has taken more than 200 million acres of agricultural land owned by whites and distributed it among 235,609 black South Africans, according to the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform. The figure is far below the A.N.C.’s goal of redistributing 30 percent of the land; by 2011, only 3.7 of agricultural land had been redistributed. White South Africans still dominate commercial farming. Many black farmers have been unable to move beyond small-scale or subsistence farming because of a lack of capital, experience and land. Still, between 30 to 40 percent of black-owned farms were profitable before the drought, according to the National African Farmers Union of South Africa, which represents black farmers like Mr. Koee. The drought is wiping out many of the gains black farmers made after the end of apartheid, said Mandla Buthelezi, the union’s senior vice president. He said he had lost 300 cows out of a herd of 800 in recent months on his farm in the eastern province of KwaZulu-Natal. “This knock will take black farmers not less than 15, 20, 30 years to recover,” Mr. Buthelezi said. “We didn’t do our homework very well. We weren’t proactive. We’re just reacting to the drought.” Willem de Chavonnes Vrugt, a white farmer and an official at a farmers’ association that runs workshops for black farmers, called the drought an “act of God,” but said that problems such as overstocking or overgrazing had aggravated the situation. “Nobody can plan for the severity of the drought the way it is,” he said, “but the drought is more severe if you’ve got bad farming practices.” On his farm, fields normally blanketed in cornstalks by now were brown and unplanted because of the drought. Out of 300 cows, he had lost three. James Moiloa, a cattle farmer in the village of Lekubu, entering his cattle enclosure. He has lost four cows recently to the drought.CreditJoao Silva/The New York Times Main Mmopelwa, a black farmer, has also lost three cows this year, including one on a recent morning, and now had only 12 left. A decade ago, he had amassed as many as 24 cows. Unable to buy enough feed for his surviving cows, Mr. Mmopelwa did not know what to do with them. “Who’s going to buy them when they are this thin?” he said. Mr. Mmopelwa shares a 1,800-acre piece of land with 14 other families in Lekubu, a village about 100 miles northeast of here. About 600 cows graze on land that the absence of seasonal rains has left with balding patches of short grass. The provincial government has given struggling black farmers cattle feed, though far too little to prevent significant losses, farmers said. With few fences inside their property, the 15 families are unable to control livestock to avoid overgrazing. “The problem with black farmers is the lack of capital, land and skills,” said Jeremiah Moiloa, 24, who majored in agricultural sciences in college. “That’s why we can’t manage the animals during the drought.” His father, James Moiloa, the chairman of a group representing the 15 families, has lost four cows recently, leaving him with about 100. A former civil servant, Mr. Moiloa, 73, became a full-time cattle farmer 12 years ago. He had attended workshops run by a farmers’ association, but his experience, he said, was limited. “When we buy feed from the white farmers, we ask them for advice,” he said, looking at a pen that held his cattle, some of them visibly emaciated. His son, though, was not pessimistic. He had written his final college report on how to breed Holstein cows in South Africa. “This country’s population is growing and more people are drinking milk,” he said. “Dairy products are going to be very, very big.” A version of this article appears in print on , Section A, Page 6 of the New York edition with the headline: Drought Deepens South Africa’s Malaise . Order Reprints \| Today’s Paper \| Subscribe	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1523
__label__wiki	0.772816	0.772816	Definition & Facts Eating, Diet, & Nutrition Symptoms & Causes of Primary Biliary Cholangitis (Primary Biliary Cirrhosis) What are the symptoms of primary biliary cholangitis? The most common early symptoms of primary biliary cholangitis are feeling tired Other common early symptoms may include poor appetite As the disease gets worse, symptoms may include swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet yellowish eyes and skin, called jaundice raised patches on the skin called xanthomas Many people have no symptoms when they are first diagnosed with primary biliary cholangitis. Doctors diagnose up to 6 in 10 people with primary biliary cholangitis before symptoms begin.2 People with primary biliary cholangitis and no symptoms are identified through blood tests. Some people do not have symptoms for years after they have been diagnosed with primary biliary cholangitis. What causes primary biliary cholangitis? The exact cause of primary biliary cholangitis is unknown. Experts think that a person’s tendency to have an overactive immune system, which may be genetic, and unknown environmental triggers play a role in causing primary biliary cholangitis. Possible environmental triggers include: cigarette smoking exposure to certain chemicals [2] Poupon R. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prognosis of primary biliary cholangitis (primary biliary cirrhosis). UpToDate website. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-prognosis-of-primary-biliary-cholangitis-primary-biliary-cirrhosis. Updated January 11, 2017. Accessed February 8, 2017. Previous: Definition & Facts Next: Diagnosis This content is provided as a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health. The NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings through its clearinghouses and education programs to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. Content produced by the NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts. The NIDDK would like to thank: John Moore Vierling, M.D., Baylor College of Medicine	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1525
__label__cc	0.727022	0.272978	Doors CD The Doors (40th Anniversary Edition) (1967/2007) Break On Through (To The Other Side) The Crystal Ship Alabama Song (Whisky Bar) Back Door Man I Looked At You End Of The Night Take It As It Comes Moonlight Drive (Version 1) (Bonus) Indian Summer (8/19/66 Vocal) (Bonus) The Doors were an American rock band formed in 1965 in Los Angeles, with vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, guitarist Robby Krieger, and drummer John Densmore. The band got its name, at Morrison's suggestion from the title of Aldous Huxley's book The Doors of Perception, which itself was a reference to a quote made by William Blake, "If the doors of perception were cleansed, everything would appear to man as it is, infinite." They were unique and among the most controversial and influential rock acts of the 1960s, mostly because of Morrison's lyrics and charismatic but unpredictable stage persona. After Morrison's death in 1971 at age 27, the remaining members continued as a trio until disbanding in 1973. Waiting For The Sun (Remastered) (Expanded Edition) (2019) Waiting For The Sun (50th Anniversary Edition) (Remastered) (180g) (2019) Waiting For The Sun (Remastered) (2019) London Fog (180g) (RSD) (2019) Live At The Matrix Part II (180g) (RSD) (2018) Live At The Isle Of Wight 1970 (2018) Hello I Love You (2018) LPS 2018 Waiting for the Sun (50th Anniversary Deluxe Edition) (LP+CD2) (2018) The Doors (50th Anniversary Deluxe Edition) (CD3+LP) (2017) The Doors (Remaster) (2017) Good Rockin Tonight (2017) Light My Fire (50th Anniversary) (7”) (2017) The Singles (2017) The Singles (CD2+BR) (2017) The Singles (7” Box Set) (20LP) (2017) Strange Days (50th Annivesary Deluxe Edition) (2017) Absolutely Live (Blue Vinyl) (Black Friday) (2017) LP2 2017 Disquaire Day (RSD) (2016) Live At The Aquarius: The First Performance (RSD) (2016) L.A. Woman/Morrison Hotel (2016) London Fog 1966 (LP+CD) (2016) Other Voices & Full Circle (2015) Strange Days (RSD) (2015) Full Circle (2015) Other Voices (2015) Honor The Treties (12˝ Vinyl) (Black Friday) (2014) Curated By Record Store Day (2013) Live At The Bowl '68 (180 Gram Vinyl) (2012) Live At The Bowl '68 (2012) L.A.Woman (40th Anniversary Edition) (2011) A Collection (2011) Live In New York (2010) Morrison Hotel (2010) Live In Vancouver 1970 (2010) LA Woman (2010) The Soft Parade (180g) (2009) Live In Pittsburgh 1970 (2008) Live At The Matrix '67 (2008) The Very Best Of (40th Annivesary) (2007) Morrison Hotel (40th Anniversary Expanded Edition) (2007) The Very Best Of The Doors (2007) Live In Boston 1970 (2007) Live In Hollywood: Aquarius Theatre Highlights (2002) Strange Days (2000) The Best Of The Doors (2000) Absolutely Live (1996) In Concert (1991/2000) CD2 1991/2000 Strange Days (Remaster) (1989) Morrison Hotel (180-Gram Vinyl) (1974) The Soft Parade (1973/2016) Waiting For The Sun (180g) (1973/2012) Weird Scenes Inside The Goldmine (1972/2014) LP2 1972/2014 Weird Scenes Inside The Gold Mine (1972/2014) L.A. Woman: The Workship Sessions (180g) (1971/2011) L.A.Woman (4oth Anniversary Expanded) (1971/2007) L.A. Woman (1971/2003) Absolutely Live (1970/2010) The Soft Parade (Expanded) (1969/2007) Waiting For The Sun (Remastered & Expended) (1968/2007) The Doors (1967/2010) Strange Days (1967/2010) The Doors (Digitally Remastered Vinyl Replica) (1967/2000)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1528
__label__wiki	0.869438	0.869438	DE (DE) OpenMenu en Ning Feng is recognised internationally as an artist of great lyricism, innate musicality and stunning virtuosity. Blessed with an impeccable technique and a silken tone, his palette of colours ranges from intimate delicacy to a ferocious intensity. The Berlin based Chinese violinist performs across the globe with major orchestras and conductors, in recital and chamber concerts. Recent successes for Ning Feng have included a return to Budapest Festival Orchestra with Iván Fischer in Budapest and on tour to China performing Dutilleux L’arbre des songes, tours with the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra and van Zweden to Europe, Asia and Australia, as well as successful debuts with Los Angeles Philharmonic, Frankfurt Radio Symphony, City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra and Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. In recital and chamber music he performs regularly with Igor Levit, amongst others, at many of the major festivals in Germany and elsewhere, including Kissinger Sommer, Heidelberg, Moritzburg, MecklenburgVorpommern, Schubertiade and La Jolla Music Society (California). Highlights of Ning Feng’s 2018/19 season include debuts with the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra and Simone Young, the National Symphony Orchestra and Gianandrea Noseda, the São Paulo Symphony Orchestra and Marin Alsop in Brazil and on tour to the Far East, the Wroclaw Philharmonic Orchestra and Giancarlo Guerrero, the Hallé Orchestra, the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra and the Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra. He will return to the Konzerthausorchester Berlin to perform the Brahms Violin Concerto with Lawrence Foster in Berlin and on tour to China, the West Australian Symphony Orchestra with Karina Canellakis, the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra with Fabien Gabel and the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra with Yu Long. Chamber music highlights include Ning Feng’s debut at the Concertgebouw Amsterdam in an all-Schubert programme with Nicholas Angelich and Edgar Moreau, his return to the Wigmore Hall and concerts with the Dragon Quartet which he founded in 2012. Ning Feng records for Channel Classics in the Netherlands and his latest disc of the Elgar and Finzi Violin Concertos with the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic conducted by Carlos Miguel Prieto was released in Autumn 2018. His previous recording of Bach’s complete solo works for violin has already been hailed by Gramophone as “unlike anyone else’s… it’s the illusion of a freewheeling conversation projected from within that held me captive”. Previous discs include Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto and Bruch Scottish Fantasy with the Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin, ‘Apasionado’ with the Orchestra Sinfónica del Principado de Asturias featuring works by Sarasate, Lalo, Ravel and Bizet/Waxman, a recording of Schubert and Dvořák Quartets with his Dragon Quartet and two CDs of violin solo repertoire. Born in Chengdu, China, Ning Feng studied at the Sichuan Conservatory of Music, the Hanns Eisler School of Music (Berlin) with Antje Weithaas and the Royal Academy of Music (London) with Hu Kun, where he was the first student ever to be awarded 100% for his final recital. The recipient of prizes at the Hanover International, Queen Elisabeth and Yehudi Menuhin International violin competitions, Ning Feng was First Prize winner of the 2005 Michael Hill International Violin Competition (New Zealand), and in 2006 won first prize in the International Paganini Competition. Ning Feng plays a 1721 Stradivari violin, known as the ‘MacMillan’, on private loan, kindly arranged by Premiere Performances of Hong Kong, and plays on strings by Thomastik-Infeld, Vienna. 2018/19 season / 538 words. Not to be altered without permission. - New Zealand Herald - “Ning Feng's total mastery could be seen in the precision and sweep of his bow, and heard in the effortless tonal range, from sweet to sumptuous.” • Photography by Lawrence Tsang & Felix Broede • Site by Redwire With thanks to Mr. Tim Xin for his generous support	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1529
__label__wiki	0.770217	0.770217	Elizabeth Gilbert delivers a deliciously provocative novel with ’City of Girls' Elizabeth Gilbert, of Frenchtown, presents a magnificent world of time gone by in her ninth novel. By Jacqueline Cutler \| For NJ Advance Media "City of Girls” By Elizabeth Gilbert (Riverhead Books, 470 pp, $28) It’s almost embarrassing to adore a book as much as I do “City of Girls.” On the first page of Elizabeth Gilbert’s latest deeply satisfying novel, she writes: “I can’t be the only ancient woman still tottering around New York City, absolutely refusing to abandon either her life or her real estate.” And so, I was hooked and happy to face an eight-hour flight. While others groaned about delays, I happily turned pages. Gilbert, of Frenchtown, creates a character for the ages in Vivian Morris, the sort of wise woman of taste we would all benefit from knowing. Well ahead of her time, Vivian was disaffected by her parents’ traditional plans for her. Born in 1920, her parents sent her to stay with an aunt in Manhattan after Vassar did not want her returning, despite being a wealthy legacy student. She was a bit feckless but determined to flee her small town and stuffy parents. Her aunt, a generous bohemian, owned a dilapidated building in Hell's Kitchen. There, the last gasps of vaudeville played out on a sagging stage. And Vivian's real education began as she befriended showgirls. In this long volume, Vivian, now 89, reflects on her life. She’s telling her story to Angela, a minor character. It isn’t until the end that their connection is made clear. Angela matters, but she matters most as the person Vivian to whom relays her life. By page five, I not only want to know Vivian, I want to be her. She’s still a bit naïve when she arrives in New York, but is only too happy to learn about sex and the legendary NYC nightlife. Vivian possesses a true talent; she’s an excellent seamstress and can disassemble ruined old frocks and fashion them into exquisite costumes and dresses. Vivian learned from the best master seamstress, her grandmother, “a tall, passionate, aging coquette with dyed mahogany hair who moved through life in a plume of perfume and gossip, and who dressed like a circus show.” Her skill with a needle gave Vivian entrée to New York, informed her way of looking at the world and eventually led to a business designing and sewing wedding gowns. Along the way, Vivian took many, many lovers, and was embroiled in a scandal that sent her returning briefly to her parents. A long novel that's a quick read, this introduces us to characters bound to linger in our memories. Vivian relies on her brother, the golden child who dropped out of Princeton to enlist in the Navy, to spirit her out of the city and back home. He had to convince another sailor to drive them. And that driver, eventually, becomes an important part of Vivian’s life. The day she returns home, in the wake of a scandal that would still make the news, Vivian’s parents do not probe. She explains why to Angela (remember her? She’s the intended recipient of this story; we’re just onlookers). “You need to understand that we have only one central rule of engagement, and here it is: This matter must never be spoken of again. “We WASPs can apply that rule to anything – from a moment of awkwardness at the dinner table to a relative’s suicide. “Asking no further questions is the song of my people.” Vivian, though, was never meant for a life in the suburbs or the sacrifices of motherhood. And so, she returned to New York, where she was meant to be. Drawn to flashy, colorful women, Vivian and Marjorie, an immigrant, running her parents’ fabrics store, become friends then business partners. In “City of Girls,” Gilbert relays a history lesson about New York City during wartime working in the Brooklyn Navy Yard. She gives us a character who is vain, yet self-aware, who had much handed to her but worked extremely hard. She and her chorine friends drank hard and caroused with all their might. And it’s here that Gilbert, who creates a nuanced woman, shines. Her scenes about sex are magnificent. All too often writers’ takes on sex read as if they’re from 14-year-old boys, unsure of how a woman’s body works. Instead, Gilbert writes knowingly and gracefully about sex. Vivian’s deflowering – a most perfunctory and disappointing romp with a boring veterinarian – is comical in its mannered precision. Vivian finally has her first orgasm, “a sensation occurring here that I didn’t even know could occur.” In keeping with presenting an accurate history for her fictional characters, Gilbert reminds us that birth control was illegal for unmarried women in the ’40s. As Vivian made her rounds of nightclubs and men, she held true to not sleeping with married men. She was a stalwart friend and a loving niece to her aunt and her aunt's partner. Her aunt had a husband, a handsome California screenwriter and bon vivant, but she loved and lived with her lesbian partner. As with the best fiction, Vivian’s adventures and relationships are plausible. Unique to Gilbert’s character, though, is Vivian’s élan and her self-awareness, and how she represents feminism forged in those who stepped up during World War II. Elizabeth Gilbert tells the story of an 89-year-old woman who harbors few regrets on a wild youth. Decades after first befriending a chorine, a very tough Bronx girl who had been abused and tossed out of her parents’ home, and who suffered far more in the scandal than Vivian had, Vivian espies her on a TV commercial. They had been the best of friends, yet it had to end badly. “Scandal or no scandal, I believe that our friendship was always destined to have been momentary – a collision of two vain young girls who intersected at the zenith of their beauty and the nadir of their intelligence, and who had blatantly used each other to acquire status and turn men’s heads. That’s all it had ever been, really, and that was perfect. That’s all it had ever needed to be. I’d found deeper and richer female friendships later on in life, and I hoped that Celia had, too.” That paragraph sums up some of this novel’s magic. A clear-eyed woman not living on regrets, and can reflect on a life well lived. Gilbert shot to fame writing about women living well. Admittedly, I may be the only person who did not read “Eat Pray Love” (I made the mistake of seeing the movie), and so did not fall to her monumental talent until “The Signature of All Things.” That was another long book about another long-lived and interesting woman. Anyone who can make the world of moss fascinating has my attention. Then, came “Big Magic: Creative Living Beyond Fear” a heartfelt and excellent book brimming with advice. “City of Girls” is special in its own right, and Vivian imparts plenty of sage advice. I plan to push this on anyone who asks (and likely on those who don’t), though unlike most all of my books, I am not parting with this copy.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1530
__label__wiki	0.937636	0.937636	In Portland, A Low-Tech Approach To Starting Race Conversations by Erica Morrison Follow OPB Aug. 27, 2018 10 a.m. \| Portland, Ore. Outdoor billboards are a traditional form of advertising and — for many commuters — just another sign you pass while on the road. But over the last few months, a collection of billboards have been catching folks’ attention with their messages — and even making some feel uncomfortable: “De-escalation, Not Militarization” “Portland…Is Your White Fragility Showing?” PDX Equity in Action launched its PDX Billboard Project in the spring of 2017, following the fatal police shootings of two black men. Photo courtesy of Scott Russell and Quanice Hayes. Protesters March Through Portland To Honor Slain Teen Quanice Hayes “We were just pissed,” Washington said. Using one team member’s printer and their own money to buy supplies, they printed stickers and posted them along Mississippi Avenue in North Portland on the eve of the popular Mississippi Street Fair. The stickers said, “Let’s talk about Quanice Hayes and Terrell Johnson.” “I think we had like 500 and we plastered like three blocks of Mississippi,” Washington said. “… And some of them are still there. But most of them got taken down immediately.” A few weeks later, Washington was at a panel discussion featuring Oregon parents who lost their children in police shootings. She was inspired by their stories. “Like it happens and immediately following, you’re kind of bombarded by all these groups: the police, by the city, by lawyers, by whoever. And then you go through your grand jury and the officer is acquitted, and that’s it?” Washington said. After PSU Police Shooting, Black Oregonians Talk Gun Ownership The parents talked about starting a billboard campaign similar to one they had seen by a white Wisconsin father, Michael Bell Sr., after his son was killed by police in 2004. After winning a large settlement from the city of Kenosha, Wisconsin, Bell used the money to put up nearly 70 billboards and a full-page ad in The Washington Post. “Nobody understands what it takes to get to this level to bring this kind of awareness to it,” Bell told CBS News about his campaign criticizing the Kenosha Police’s handling of his son’s death. “The best way to describe it is that it’s my duty.” Bell’s activism led to a Wisconsin law, the first of its kind in the nation, requiring independent investigations in police shootings of civilians. PDX Equity’s pursuit to get the billboards up was not an easy one, Washington said. Some advertising companies were unresponsive, and she had to drop and alter some of the designs in order to get the signs posted. “The white fragility billboard originally said, ‘Portland Your White Fragility Is Showing,’” Washington said. “It was not a question.” This billboard is part of the PDX Billboard Project by PDX Equity in Action. Courtesy of Scott Russell Program Aims To Teach White Liberals How To Talk About Race One of the messages said, “Your billboards are insulting and racist, it is hypocritical bullying. They should be removed.” Washington said there are multiple reasons for the billboards, including keeping the shooting deaths of black men by police in the public eye. But they’re also meant to disrupt. “Nothing else has been working, so maybe we just need to stop asking and pleading and just change it,” she said. “Like just put out billboards so people have to drive by them for three months. There, right outside your house. You cannot forget.” Washington said the signs are intended to both confront whiteness — to force white viewers to think — and to let the city’s communities of color know they are seen. “You’ve all been marginalized and you can walk out of your house and see a giant billboard that says ‘Black Narrative’ on it or ‘Black Lives Matter’ on it, and you’re empowered,” Washington said. “It’s kind of two-fold. It’s a way to reclaim space for black and brown people, especially in Portland.” The billboards are funded by grants and donations. Washington would not say how much the project has cost thus far. David Koronda teaches classes in advertising at the University of Oregon, and he said the use of outdoor billboards in 2018 is smart. This is one of seven designs included in the PDX Billboard Project. , a black man, who was shot and killed by university police earlier this summer. Witnesses say he was breaking up a fight when a handgun he was legally carrying fell from his side, and campus police shot and killed him. A billboard placed in downtown Portland calls for the disarmament of Portland State University police officers. Erica Morrison/OPB Sharing America: A Public Radio Collaboration Erica Morrison is part of the public radio collaborative “Sharing America,” covering the intersection of race, identity and culture. This new initiative, funded by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, includes reporters in the Northwest and Hartford, Connecticut, St. Louis and Kansas City. You can find more “Sharing America” coverage here.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1533
__label__wiki	0.608238	0.608238	Lectures On Government And Binding Middlebury Academic Calendar 2019-2019 updated 6/2018. August 2018. 4 Saturday, Commencement, Bread Loaf School of English at Oxford. 11 Saturday, Commencement, Bread Loaf School of. Social Justice Gay Marriage California Assemblyman Todd Gloria wants to make history as the first openly gay mayor of San Diego. “Todd has championed civil rights and social justice for the LGBTQ community and It was no coincidence that Donald Trump scheduled a trip to Britain to promote one of his golf courses in Scotland. continues in both nations in these opening weeks of 2019. Here, government. U Of A Colege Of Science Lecture Series The Trotter Prize in. Endowed Lecture Series Self-Perpetuating Steering Committee provides overall guidance and program development. It is comprised of deans and distinguished faculty from the. The lecture is at 7 p.m., Feb. 7 and is part of the College. the University of California, Berkeley and received a doctorate in 1972. In 1973, he held Gert Webelhuth (ed.), Government and binding theory and the minimalist program. Oxford & Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1995. Pp.ix+483. – Volume 32 Issue 2 – Stanley Dubinsky It was no coincidence that Donald Trump scheduled a trip to Britain to promote one of his golf courses in Scotland on June 23. in both nations in these opening weeks of 2019. Here, government. Lectures On Contemporary Syntactic Theories. An Introduction to Government-Binding Theory, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, and Lexical-Functional Grammar In Lectures on Government and Binding, Noam Chomsky (1981:6) By Parameters The, View Child and William Snyder. Abstract. In this paper I will be concerned with two principal issues: (1) Is syntactic variation a "deep " domain of inquiry, supporting rich, explanatory generalizations? (2) If. CHENNAI: Adhesives and their applications across industries, took centre stage at the TS Narayanaswami memorial lecture this year. an outstanding finish without pins and stitches for book binding, British MPs have voted on a series of alternative courses of action on Brexit. A second phase of the non-binding process is planned for Monday. Tens of thousands of migrants have been saved from. Noam Chomsky: Lectures on Government and Binding. Studies in Generative Grammar 9. Foris Publications, Dordrecht 1981. ix + 371 pp. et Revue Romane, Bind 20 (1985) Their combined citations are counted only for the first article. Merged citations. Lectures on government and binding: The Pisa lectures. N Chomsky. Walter de Gruyter, 1993. 23152: 1993: Syntactic structures. N Chomsky. Walter de Gruyter, 2002. 21954: 2002: The sound pattern of. I have a Bachelor of Science Degree in Business Management and have successfully completed numerous military technical and leadership courses. I am a member of. As a man I have served in the armed. During the lecture as part of the UAE’s National. an international team in the AI field is more influential than the government team in the UN stressing on the need to develop binding standards. The peak body for private training colleges has called on commonwealth and state governments to set binding performance. work, but government should otherwise require providers to include face-to. They say we can ratify the treaty, which preempts parents’ fundamental rights to direct the upbringing and education of their children, without incurring binding legal obligations. from certain. Lectures and Workshops. MBRSG hosts a number of public lectures annually to share and exchange the academic knowledge that resulted from the ongoing research MBRSG’ researchers and faculty have undertaken, such as: reports, research papers, case studies and policy briefs. The ruling was merely an advisory opinion, Duncan said, and not “a legally binding judgment” – even though the UN general. Noam Chomsky is the Institute Professor Emeritus of linguistics. I and II (with E.S. Herman); Rules and Representations; Lectures on Government and Binding; Towards a New Cold War; Radical. Noam Chomsky was born on December 7. I and II (with E.S. Herman); Rules and Representations; Lectures on Government and Binding; Towards a New Cold War; Radical Priorities; Fateful Triangle;. The Scottish government has insisted that Curriculum for Excellence offers "significant flexibility" for schools to "design a. Noam Chomsky was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on December 7, 1928. Son of a Russian emigrant who was a Hebrew scholar, Chomsky was exposed at a young age to the study of language and principles of grammar. During the 1940s, he began developing socialist political leanings through his. Reflections on Language; The Political Economy of Human Rights, Vol. I and II (with E.S. Herman); Rules and Representations; Lectures on Government and Binding; Towards a New Cold War; Radical. Parse Error: Syntax Error, Unexpected End Of File Php Cyber Bullying Research Papers Cyber bullying detection; Social network features; Cyber. important area of research among social media researchers. In this paper, we advance the state. Social Justice Gay Marriage California Assemblyman Todd Gloria wants to make history as the first openly gay mayor of San Diego. “Todd has championed civil rights and social justice Thesis Abstract Sample Pdf It is worth noting that touchscreen use may also have positive effect on some aspects of development. In our recent study of the same sample of infants and toddlers, increased active touchscreen use. 10.3.1. http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/. Full size image Historically, collections of deep-sea organisms have been made using dredging/trawling equipment, so that the exact locations of This textbook provides an introduction to the current state of Government and Binding Theory, using as its basis the standard version of the theory as developed in Chomsky’s more recent writings. It incorporates the ideas presented in Chomsky’s "Lectures on Government and Binding", modified. But the BBC’s Laura Kuenssberg said it had not been decided in government whether the votes should be binding or not and what role ministers. to gauge support for alternative courses of action. Lectures On Government And Binding The Pisa Lectures By Noam Chomsky please fill out registration form to access in our databases. Summary : Government and binding gb gbt is a theory of syntax and a phrase structure grammar in the tradition of transformational grammar developed. It was no coincidence that Donald Trump scheduled a trip to Britain, purportedly to inspect one of his golf courses in Scotland. The unlearning continues. Here, the government (actually, less than. Show Summary Details Preview. Version of Chomsky’s Principles and Parameters Theory named by his followers after Lectures on Government and Binding. Reference Entry. 84 words. Subjects: Linguistics Lectures on Government & Binding by Noam Chomsky starting at $3.19. Lectures on Government & Binding has 2 available editions to buy at Alibris Abstract. In this paper we present a connectionist model of movement in government-binding (GB) theory. The model is a collection of regularly connected groups of connectionist units using only two architectures: a two-dimensional map, used to model tree structures, and a one-dimensional row used. An introduction to government-binding theory in Chinese syntax / Yuanjian He. P 158.2 H4 1996 A course in GB syntax : lectures on binding and empty categories / Howard Lasnik and Juan Uriagereka. What is the value of these public courses to our city?” Stevens asked. High bar Sunnarborg has been working for more than a year to put together a plan for Lester Park under the terms of an exclusive. Computación y Sistemas versión impresa ISSN 1405-5546. Formal Description of Arabic Syntactic Structure in the Framework of the Government and Binding Theory. Hammo Bassam 1, Moubaiddin Asma 2, Obeid Nadim 1, Lectures on government and binding: The Pisa lectures (7 th ed.). Aspects of a Theory of Syntax (1965), Lectures on Government and Binding (1981) and The Minimalist Program (1992). "Some wonder why Chomsky has focused on humans’ cognitive abilities rather than the. Categories: Practise and Study Previous Post: What Canon Law Says About Marriage Next Post: Marcelo Broitman Yeshiva University Rate My Professors	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1535
__label__cc	0.625629	0.374371	Category Archive for : ‘LAWYERS’ Home / General / SEX OFFENDERS AND OTHERS IN POSITIONS O / Archive by category "LAWYERS" (Page 3) EX-PROSECUTOR SOUGHT ON CHILD SEX CHARGES (Florida Attorney Failed to Surrender as Planned) Steven M. Alex, a 29 year old former assistant state attorney is being sought by authorities on charges he sexually molested a 13 year old boy. He is now the subject of a manhunt after failing to turn himself in as scheduled on Thursday. He worked for the state attorney’s office from May 1999 until this past September. Once it was learned that he was being investigated by police for sexual battery against a minor, his supervisors fired him. Florida officials say he is accused of four counts of sexual November 10, 2000 General, LAWYERS, SEX OFFENDERS AND OTHERS IN POSITIONS O LAWYER GUILTY OF SODOMY Eric R. Kelly, 32, a Bellmore attorney who has been practicing consumer protection law for about five years, virtually ended his short career last week when an upstate jury convicted him of engaging in oral sex with a 15 year old babysitter. He will automatically lose his license after he is sentenced for third degree sodomy on October 29th. He has no prior criminal record and faces a minimum of probation to a maximum sentence of 1 1/3 to 4 years in prison and he will also be ordered to September 1, 1999 General, LAWYERS, SEX OFFENDERS AND OTHERS IN POSITIONS O	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1536
__label__wiki	0.966962	0.966962	Media > Telephone system > International: Countries Compared DEFINITION: A brief characterization of the system with details on international components. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry: Africa ONE - a fiber-optic submarine cable link encircling the continent of Africa. Arabsat. Select year 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Afghanistan country code - 93; multiple VSAT's provide international and domestic voice and data connectivity Albania country code - 355; submarine cable provides connectivity to Italy, Croatia, and Greece; the Trans-Balkan Line, a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system, provides additional connectivity to Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Turkey; international traffic carried by fiber-optic cable and, when necessary, by microwave radio relay from the Tirana exchange to Italy and Greece Algeria country code - 213; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial cable to Morocco and Tunisia; participant in Medarabtel; satellite earth stations - 51 (Intelsat, Intersputnik, and Arabsat) American Samoa country code - 1-684; satellite earth station - 1 (Intelsat-Pacific Ocean) Andorra country code - 376; landline circuits to France and Spain Angola country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 Anguilla country code - 1-264; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; microwave radio relay to island of Saint Martin/Sint Maarten Antarctica country code - none allocated; via satellite (including mobile Inmarsat and Iridium systems) to and from all research stations, ships, aircraft, and most field parties Antigua and Barbuda country code - 1-268; landing points for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) and the Global Caribbean Network (GCN) submarine cable systems with links to other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; satellite earth stations - 2; tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands) and Guadeloupe (France) Argentina country code - 54; landing point for the Atlantis-2, UNISUR, South America-1, and South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilus submarine cable systems that provide links to Europe, Africa, South and Central America, and US; satellite earth stations - 112; 2 international gateways near Buenos Aires Armenia country code - 374; Yerevan is connected to the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic cable through Iran; additional international service is available by microwave radio relay and landline connections to the other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, through the Moscow international switch, and by satellite to the rest of the world; satellite earth stations - 3 Aruba country code - 297; landing site for the PAN-AM submarine telecommunications cable system that extends from the US Virgin Islands through Aruba to Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and the west coast of South America; extensive interisland microwave radio relay links Australia country code - 61; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable with links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; the Southern Cross fiber optic submarine cable provides links to New Zealand and the United States; satellite earth stations - 19 (10 Intelsat - 4 Indian Ocean and 6 Pacific Ocean, 2 Inmarsat - Indian and Pacific Ocean regions, 2 Globalstar, 5 other) Austria country code - 43; satellite earth stations - 15; in addition, there are about 600 VSATs (very small aperture terminals) Azerbaijan country code - 994; the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic link transits Azerbaijan providing international connectivity to neighboring countries; the old Soviet system of cable and microwave is still serviceable; satellite earth stations - 2 Bahrain country code - 973; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and US; tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; satellite earth station - 1 Bangladesh country code - 880; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 6; international radiotelephone communications and landline service to neighboring countries Barbados country code - 1-246; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; satellite earth stations - 1 (Intelsat -Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Trinidad and Saint Lucia Belarus country code - 375; Belarus is a member of the Trans-European Line (TEL), Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line, and has access to the Trans-Siberia Line (TSL); 3 fiber-optic segments provide connectivity to Latvia, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine; worldwide service is available to Belarus through this infrastructure; additional analog lines to Russia; Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik earth stations Belgium country code - 32; landing point for a number of submarine cables that provide links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 7 (Intelsat - 3) Belize country code - 501; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth station - 8 (Intelsat - 2, unknown - 6) Benin country code - 229; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; long distance fiber-optic links with Togo, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria; satellite earth stations - 7 (Intelsat-Atlantic Ocean) Bermuda country code - 1-441; landing points for the GlobeNet, Gemini Bermuda, CBUS, and the Challenger Bermuda-1 (CB-1) submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Bhutan country code - 975; international telephone and telegraph service via landline and microwave relay through India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat Bolivia country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Bosnia and Herzegovina country code - 387; no satellite earth stations Botswana country code - 267; international calls are made via satellite, using international direct dialing; 2 international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) Brazil country code - 55; landing point for a number of submarine cables, including Americas-1, Americas-2, Atlantis-2, GlobeNet, South America-1, South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilus, and UNISUR that provide direct connectivity to South and Central America, the Caribbean, the US, Africa, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region east), connected by microwave relay system to Mercosur Brazilsat B3 satellite earth station British Indian Ocean Territory country code (Diego Garcia) - 246; international telephone service is carried by satellite British Virgin Islands country code - 1-284; connected via submarine cable to Bermuda; the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable provides connectivity to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean Brunei country code - 673; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; the Asia-America Gateway submarine cable network provides new links to Asia and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) Bulgaria country code - 359; submarine cable provides connectivity to Ukraine and Russia; a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system provides connectivity to Italy, Albania, and Macedonia; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intersputnik in the Atlantic Ocean region, 2 Intelsat in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions) Burkina Faso country code - 226; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Burma country code - 95; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2, Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and ShinSat Burundi country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) Cambodia country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) Cameroon country code - 237; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Canada country code - 1; submarine cables provide links to the US and Europe; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean, and 2 Intersputnik - Atlantic Ocean region) Cape Verde country code - 238; landing point for the Atlantis-2 fiber-optic transatlantic telephone cable that provides links to South America, Senegal, and Europe; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Cayman Islands country code - 1-345; landing points for the Maya-1, Eastern Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS), and the Cayman-Jamaica Fiber System submarine cables that provide links to the US and parts of Central and South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Central African Republic country code - 236; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Chad country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Chile country code - 56; landing points for the Pan American, South America-1, and South American Crossing/Latin America Nautilus submarine cables providing links to the US and to Central and South America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) China country code - 86; a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) Christmas Island country code - 61-8; satellite earth station - 1 (Intelsat provides telephone and telex service) Cocos (Keeling) Islands country code - 61-891; telephone, telex, and facsimile communications with Australia and elsewhere via satellite; 1 INTELSAT satellite earth station Colombia country code - 57; multiple submarine cable systems provide links to the US, parts of the Caribbean, and Central and South America; satellite earth stations - 10 (6 Intelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 3 fully digitalized international switching centers) Comoros country code - 269; landing point for the EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable system connecting East Africa with Europe and North America; HF radiotelephone communications to Madagascar and Reunion Congo, Republic of the country code - 242; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Cook Islands country code - 682; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) Costa Rica country code - 506; landing points for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), MAYA-1, and the Pan American Crossing submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Cote d'Ivoire country code - 225; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) Croatia country code - 385; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe (TEL) fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik; the ADRIA-1 submarine cable provides connectivity to Albania and Greece Cuba country code - 53; fiber-optic cable laid to but not linked to US network; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) Cyprus country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) Czech Republic country code - 420; satellite earth stations - 6 (2 Intersputnik - Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions, 1 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1 Globalstar) Democratic Republic of the Congo country code - 243; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Denmark country code - 45; a series of fiber-optic submarine cables link Denmark with Canada, Faroe Islands, Germany, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and UK; satellite earth stations - 18 (6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East))(Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access Djibouti country code - 253; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable systems providing links to Asia, the Middle East, Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Indian Ocean and 1 Arabsat); Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network Dominica country code - 1-767; landing points for the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and the Global Caribbean Network (GCN) submarine cables providing connectivity to other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; microwave radio relay and SHF radiotelephone links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radiotelephone links to Saint Lucia Dominican Republic country code - 1-809; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), Antillas 1, and the Fibralink submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) East Timor country code - 670; international service is available Ecuador country code - 593; landing points for the PAN-AM and South America-1 submarine cables that provide links to the west coast of South America, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and extending onward to Aruba and the US Virgin Islands in the Caribbean; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Egypt country code - 20; landing point for Aletar, the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks, Link Around the Globe (FLAG) Falcon and FLAG FEA; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel El Salvador country code - 503; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System Equatorial Guinea country code - 240; international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) Eritrea country code - 291 Estonia country code - 372; fiber-optic cables to Finland, Sweden, Latvia, and Russia provide worldwide packet-switched service; 2 international switches are located in Tallinn Ethiopia country code - 251; open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean) Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries Faroe Islands country code - 298; satellite earth stations - 1 Orion; 1 fiber-optic submarine cable to the Shetland Islands, linking the Faroe Islands with Denmark and Iceland; fiber-optic submarine cable connection to Canada-Europe cable Federated States of Micronesia country code - 691; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) Fiji country code - 679; access to important cable links between US and Canada as well as between NZ and Australia; satellite earth stations - 2 Inmarsat (Pacific Ocean) Finland country code - 358; submarine cables provide links to Estonia and Sweden; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions)(Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) France country code - 33; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, and US; satellite earth stations - more than 3 (2 Intelsat (with total of 5 antennas - 2 for Indian Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean), NA Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat - Atlantic Ocean region); HF radiotelephone communications with more than 20 countries French Guiana country code - 594; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) French Polynesia country code - 689; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) Gabon country code - 241; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Gaza Strip country code - 970 Georgia country code - 995; the Georgia-Russia fiber optic submarine cable provides connectivity to Russia; international service is available by microwave, landline, and satellite through the Moscow switch; international electronic mail and telex service are available Germany country code - 49; Germany's international service is excellent worldwide, consisting of extensive land and undersea cable facilities as well as earth stations in the Inmarsat, Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems Ghana country code - 233; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC, Main One, and GLO-1 fiber-optic submarine cables that provide connectivity to South Africa, Europe, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors Gibraltar country code - 350; radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Greece country code - 30; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Europe, Middle East, and Asia; a number of smaller submarine cables provide connectivity to various parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Cyprus; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat - Indian Ocean region) Greenland country code - 299; satellite earth stations - 15 (12 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 2 Americom GE-2 (all Atlantic Ocean)) Grenada country code - 1-473; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; SHF radiotelephone links to Trinidad and Tobago and Saint Vincent; VHF and UHF radio links to Trinidad Guadeloupe country code - 590; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay to Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, and Martinique Guam country code - 1-671; major landing point for submarine cables between Asia and the US (Guam is a trans-Pacific communications hub for major carriers linking the US and Asia); satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) Guatemala country code - 502; landing point for both the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the SAM-1 fiber optic submarine cable system that together provide connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Guernsey country code - 44; 1 submarine cable Guinea country code - 224; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Guinea-Bissau country code - 245 Guyana country code - 592; tropospheric scatter to Trinidad; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Haiti country code - 509; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Holy See (Vatican City) country code - 39; uses Italian system Honduras country code - 504; landing point for both the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the MAYA-1 fiber optic submarine cable system that together provide connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System Hong Kong country code - 852; multiple international submarine cables provide connections to Asia, US, Australia, the Middle East, and Western Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Pacific Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); coaxial cable to Guangzhou, China Hungary country code - 36; Hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system of ground terminals Iceland country code - 354; the CANTAT-3 and FARICE-1 submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Canada, the Faroe Islands, UK, Denmark, and Germany; a planned new section of the Hibernia-Atlantic submarine cable will provide additional connectivity to Canada, US, and Ireland; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions)(Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) India country code - 91; a number of major international submarine cable systems, including Sea-Me-We-3 with landing sites at Cochin and Mumbai (Bombay), Sea-Me-We-4 with a landing site at Chennai, Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) with a landing site at Mumbai (Bombay), South Africa - Far East (SAFE) with a landing site at Cochin, the i2i cable network linking to Singapore with landing sites at Mumbai (Bombay) and Chennai (Madras), and Tata Indicom linking Singapore and Chennai (Madras), provide a significant increase in the bandwidth available for both voice and data traffic; satellite earth stations - 8 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region); 9 gateway exchanges operating from Mumbai (Bombay), New Delhi, Kolkata (Calcutta), Chennai (Madras), Jalandhar, Kanpur, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, and Ernakulam Indonesia country code - 62; landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks that provide links throughout Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) Iran country code - 98; submarine fiber-optic cable to UAE with access to Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line runs from Azerbaijan through the northern portion of Iran to Turkmenistan with expansion to Georgia and Azerbaijan; HF radio and microwave radio relay to Turkey, Azerbaijan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Syria, Kuwait, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; satellite earth stations - 13 (9 Intelsat and 4 Inmarsat) Iraq country code - 964; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, 1 Intersputnik - Atlantic Ocean region, and 1 Arabsat (inoperative)); local microwave radio relay connects border regions to Jordan, Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey; international terrestrial fiber-optic connections have been established with Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Kuwait, Jordan, and Iran; links to the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) and the Gulf Bridge International (GBI) submarine fiber-optic cables are planned Ireland country code - 353; landing point for the Hibernia-Atlantic submarine cable with links to the US, Canada, and UK; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Isle of Man country code - 44; fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, satellite earth station, submarine cable Israel country code - 972; submarine cables provide links to Europe, Cyprus, and parts of the Middle East; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) Italy country code - 39; a series of submarine cables provide links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, North Africa, and US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (with a total of 5 antennas - 3 for Atlantic Ocean and 2 for Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and NA Eutelsat Jamaica country code - 1-876; the Fibralink submarine cable network provides enhanced delivery of business and broadband traffic and is linked to the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) submarine cable in the Dominican Republic; the link to ARCOS-1 provides seamless connectivity to US, parts of the Caribbean, Central America, and South America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Japan country code - 81; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations - 7 Intelsat (Pacific and Indian Oceans), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region), 2 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions), and 8 SkyPerfect JSAT Jersey country code - 44; submarine cable connectivity to Guernsey, the UK, and France Jordan country code - 962; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) FEA and FLAG Falcon submarine cable networks; satellite earth stations - 33 (3 Intelsat, 1 Arabsat, and 29 land and maritime Inmarsat terminals); fiber-optic cable to Saudi Arabia and microwave radio relay link with Egypt and Syria; participant in Medarabtel Kazakhstan country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat Kenya country code - 254; landing point for the EASSy, TEAMS and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat Kiribati country code - 686; Kiribati is being linked to the Pacific Ocean Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) Kuwait country code - 965; linked to international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); linked to Bahrain, Qatar, UAE via the Fiber-Optic Gulf (FOG) cable; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 6 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 1 Inmarsat - Atlantic Ocean, and 2 Arabsat) Kyrgyzstan country code - 996; connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intersputnik, 1 Intelsat); connected internationally by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line Laos country code - 856; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) and a second to be developed by China Latvia country code - 371; the Latvian network is now connected via fiber optic cable to Estonia, Finland, and Sweden Lebanon country code - 961; submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean); coaxial cable to Syria Lesotho country code - 266; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Liberia country code - 231; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Libya country code - 218; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cable to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel Liechtenstein country code - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay Lithuania country code - 370; major international connections to Denmark, Sweden, and Norway by submarine cable for further transmission by satellite; landline connections to Latvia and Poland Luxembourg country code - 352 Macau country code - 853; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; HF radiotelephone communication facility; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) Madagascar country code - 261; landing point for the EASSy, SEACOM, and LION fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Indian Ocean, 1 Intersputnik - Atlantic Ocean region) Malawi country code - 265; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean) Malaysia country code - 60; landing point for several major international submarine cable networks that provide connectivity to Asia, Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Pacific Ocean) Maldives country code - 960; linked to international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth station - 3 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) Mali country code - 223; satellite communications center and fiber-optic links to neighboring countries; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean) Malta country code - 356; submarine cable connects to Italy; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Marshall Islands country code - 692; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein Martinique country code - 596; microwave radio relay to Guadeloupe, Dominica, and Saint Lucia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Mauritania country code - 222; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean, 2 Arabsat); fiber-optic and Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) cables for Internet access Mauritius country code - 230; landing point for the SAFE submarine cable that provides links to Asia and South Africa where it connects to the SAT-3/WASC submarine cable that provides further links to parts of East Africa, and Europe; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries Mayotte country code - 262; microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communications to Comoros Mexico country code - 52; Columbus-2 fiber-optic submarine cable with access to the US, Virgin Islands, Canary Islands, Spain, and Italy; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the MAYA-1 submarine cable system together provide access to Central America, parts of South America and the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 120 (32 Intelsat, 2 Solidaridad (giving Mexico improved access to South America, Central America, and much of the US as well as enhancing domestic communications), 1 Panamsat, numerous Inmarsat mobile earth stations); linked to Central American Microwave System of trunk connections Moldova country code - 373; service through Romania and Russia via landline; satellite earth stations - at least 3 (Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik) Monaco country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system Mongolia country code - 976; satellite earth stations - 7 Montenegro country code - 382; 2 international switches connect the national system Montserrat country code - 1-664; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) optic submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad Morocco country code - 212; landing point for the Atlas Offshore, Estepona-Tetouan, Euroafrica, Spain-Morocco, and SEA-ME-WE-3 fiber-optic telecommunications undersea cables that provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria; participant in Medarabtel; fiber-optic cable link from Agadir to Algeria and Tunisia Mozambique country code - 258; landing point for the EASSy and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) Namibia country code - 264; fiber-optic cable to South Africa, microwave radio relay link to Botswana, direct links to other neighboring countries; connected to the South African Far East (SAFE) submarine cable through South Africa; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat Nauru country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) Nepal country code - 977; radiotelephone communications; microwave and fiber landlines to India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) Netherlands country code - 31; submarine cables provide links to the US and Europe; satellite earth stations - 5 (3 Intelsat - 1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat Netherlands Antilles country code - 599; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the Americas-2 submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Central America, parts of South America and the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) New Caledonia country code - 687; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) New Zealand country code - 64; the Southern Cross submarine cable system provides links to Australia, Fiji, and the US; satellite earth stations - 8 (1 Inmarsat - Pacific Ocean, 7 other) Nicaragua country code - 505; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber optic submarine cable provides connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) and 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Niger country code - 227; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) Nigeria country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) Niue country code - 683 Norfolk Island country code - 672; submarine cable links with Australia and New Zealand; satellite earth station - 1 North Korea country code - 850; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Indian Ocean, 1 Russian - Indian Ocean region); other international connections through Moscow and Beijing Northern Mariana Islands country code - 1-670; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) Norway country code - 47; 2 buried coaxial cable systems; submarine cables provide links to other Nordic countries and Europe; satellite earth stations - NA Eutelsat, NA Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions)(Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden) Oman country code - 968; the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) and the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat Pakistan country code - 92; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable systems that provide links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international gateway exchanges (1 at Karachi and 2 at Islamabad); microwave radio relay to neighboring countries Palau country code - 680; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) Panama country code - 507; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), the MAYA-1, and PAN-AM submarine cable systems that together provide links to the US and parts of the Caribbean, Central America, and South America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to the Central American Microwave System Papua New Guinea country code - 675; submarine cables to Australia and Guam; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); international radio communication service Paraguay country code - 595; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Peru country code - 51; the South America-1 (SAM-1) and Pan American (PAN-AM) submarine cable systems provide links to parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Philippines country code - 63; a series of submarine cables together provide connectivity to Asia, US, the Middle East, and Europe; multiple international gateways Pitcairn Islands country code - 872; satellite earth station - 1 (Inmarsat) Poland country code - 48; international direct dialing with automated exchanges; satellite earth station - 1 with access to Intelsat, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik Portugal country code - 351; a combination of submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, North and East Africa, South Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores Puerto Rico country code - 1-787, 939; submarine cables provide connectivity to the US, Caribbean, Central and South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat Qatar country code - 974; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and the US; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and the UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat Republic of Macedonia country code - 389 Reunion country code - 262; radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia Romania country code - 40; the Black Sea Fiber Optic System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest Russia country code - 7; Russia is connected internationally by undersea fiber optic cables; satellite earth stations provide access to Intelsat, Intersputnik, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Orbita systems Rwanda country code - 250; international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellite communications to more distant countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) in Kigali (includes telex and telefax service) Saint Barthelemy country code - 590; undersea fiber-optic cable provides voice and data connectivity to Puerto Rico and Guadeloupe Saint Helena country code (Saint Helena) - 290, (Ascension Island) - 247; international direct dialing; satellite voice and data communications; satellite earth stations - 5 (Ascension Island - 4, Saint Helena - 1) Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha country code (Saint Helena) - 290, (Ascension Island) - 247; international direct dialing; satellite voice and data communications; satellite earth stations - 5 (Ascension Island - 4, Saint Helena - 1) Saint Kitts and Nevis country code - 1-869; connected internationally by the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and Southern Caribbean fiber optic system (SCF) submarine cables Saint Lucia country code - 1-758; the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and Southern Caribbean fiber optic system (SCF) submarine cables, along with Intelsat from Martinique, carry calls internationally; direct microwave radio relay link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; tropospheric scatter to Barbados Saint Martin country code - 590; undersea fiber-optic cable provides voice and data connectivity to Puerto Rico and Guadeloupe Saint Pierre and Miquelon country code - 508; radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; satellite earth station - 1 in French domestic satellite system Saint Vincent and the Grenadines country code - 1-784; the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and Southern Caribbean fiber optic system (SCF) submarine cables carry international calls; connectivity also provided by VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to Barbados; SHF radiotelephone to Grenada and Saint Lucia; access to Intelsat earth station in Martinique through Saint Lucia Samoa country code - 685; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) San Marino country code - 378; connected to Italian international network Sao Tome and Principe country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Saudi Arabia country code - 966; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) and for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks providing connectivity to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and US; microwave radio relay to Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Yemen, and Sudan; coaxial cable to Kuwait and Jordan; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (3 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region) Senegal country code - 221; the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic cable provides connectivity to Europe and Asia while Atlantis-2 provides connectivity to South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Serbia country code - 381 Serbia and Montenegro country code - 381 Seychelles country code - 248; direct radiotelephone communications with adjacent island countries and African coastal countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) Sierra Leone country code - 232; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Singapore country code - 65; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations - 4; supplemented by VSAT coverage Slovakia country code - 421; 3 international exchanges (1 in Bratislava and 2 in Banska Bystrica) are available; Slovakia is participating in several international telecommunications projects that will increase the availability of external services Slovenia country code - 386 Solomon Islands country code - 677; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) Somalia country code - 252; Mogadishu is a landing point for the EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable system linking East Africa with Europe and North America South Africa country code - 27; the SAT-3/WASC and SAFE fiber-optic submarine cable systems connect South Africa to Europe and Asia; the EASSy fiber-optic cable system connects with Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean) South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken South Korea country code - 82; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations - 66 South Sudan country code - 211 Spain country code - 34; submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, Middle East, Asia, and US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries Sri Lanka country code - 94; the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, Australia, Middle East, Europe, US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) Sudan country code - 249; linked to the EASSy and FLAG fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Arabsat Suriname country code - 597; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Svalbard country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only) Swaziland country code - 268; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Sweden country code - 46; submarine cables provide links to other Nordic countries and Europe; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions)(Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway) Switzerland country code - 41; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean) Syria country code - 963; submarine cable connection to Egypt, Lebanon, and Cyprus; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region); coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey; participant in Medarabtel Taiwan country code - 886; roughly 15 submarine fiber cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Tajikistan country code - 992; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 3 (2 Intelsat and 1 Orbita) Tanzania country code - 255; landing point for the EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable system linking East Africa with Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean) Thailand country code - 66; connected to major submarine cable systems providing links throughout Asia, Australia, Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Pacific Ocean) The Bahamas country code - 1-242; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic submarine cable that provides links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 The Gambia country code - 220; microwave radio relay links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; a landing station for the Africa Coast to Europe (ACE) undersea fiber-optic cable is scheduled for completion in 2011; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Togo country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Symphonie Tokelau country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok); satellite earth stations - 3 Tonga country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) Trinidad and Tobago country code - 1-868; submarine cable systems provide connectivity to US and parts of the Caribbean and South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana Tunisia country code - 216; a landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; 2 international gateway digital switches Turkey country code - 90; international service is provided by the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable and by submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and Black Seas that link Turkey with Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia; satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat; mobile satellite terminals - 328 in the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems Turkmenistan country code - 993; linked by fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; an exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey via Intelsat; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 1 Intelsat Turks and Caicos Islands country code - 1-649; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber optic telecommunications submarine cable provides connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Tuvalu country code - 688; international calls can be made by satellite Uganda country code - 256; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog links to Kenya and Tanzania Ukraine country code - 380; 2 new domestic trunk lines are a part of the fiber-optic Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) system and 3 Ukrainian links have been installed in the fiber-optic Trans-European Lines (TEL) project that connects 18 countries; additional international service is provided by the Italy-Turkey-Ukraine-Russia (ITUR) fiber-optic submarine cable and by an unknown number of earth stations in the Intelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems United Arab Emirates country code - 971; linked to the international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe); landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia United Kingdom country code - 44; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, and US; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Eutelsat; at least 8 large international switching centers United States country code - 1; multiple ocean cable systems provide international connectivity; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Atlantic Ocean and 16 Pacific Ocean), 5 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 4 Inmarsat (Pacific and Atlantic Ocean regions) Uruguay country code - 598; the UNISOR submarine cable system provides direct connectivity to Brazil and Argentina; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Uzbekistan country code - 998; linked by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; after the completion of the Uzbek link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable, Uzbekistan plans to establish a fiber-optic connection to Afghanistan Vanuatu country code - 678; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) Venezuela country code - 58; submarine cable systems provide connectivity to the Caribbean, Central and South America, and US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 PanAmSat; participating with Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia in the construction of an international fiber-optic network; constructing submarine cable to provide connectivity to Cuba with an estimated date of completion in late 2011 Vietnam country code - 84; a landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3, the C2C, and Thailand-Vietnam-Hong Kong submarine cable systems; the Asia-America Gateway submarine cable system, completed in 2009, provided new access links to Asia and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) Virgin Islands country code - 1-340; submarine cable connections to US, the Caribbean, Central and South America; satellite earth stations - NA Wake Island NA Wallis and Futuna country code - 681 West Bank country code - 970; 1 international switch in Ramallah Western Sahara country code - 212; tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked to Rabat, Morocco Yemen country code - 967; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti Zambia country code - 260; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 3 owned by Zamtel Zimbabwe country code - 263; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; 2 international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare and Gweru) "Countries Compared by Media > Telephone system > International. International Statistics at NationMaster.com", CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Aggregates compiled by NationMaster. Retrieved from http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Media/Telephone-system/International "Countries Compared by Media > Telephone system > International. International Statistics at NationMaster.com, CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Aggregates compiled by NationMaster." 1997-2013. <http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Media/Telephone-system/International>. 'Countries Compared by Media > Telephone system > International. International Statistics at NationMaster.com, CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Aggregates compiled by NationMaster.', <http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Media/Telephone-system/International> [assessed 1997-2013] "Countries Compared by Media > Telephone system > International. International Statistics at NationMaster.com", CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Aggregates compiled by NationMaster. [Internet]. 1997-2013. Avaliable from: <http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Media/Telephone-system/International>. "Countries Compared by Media > Telephone system > International. International Statistics at NationMaster.com", CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Aggregates compiled by NationMaster. Avaliable at: nationmaster.com. Assessed 1997-2013. "Countries Compared by Media > Telephone system > International. International Statistics at NationMaster.com, CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Aggregates compiled by NationMaster.," http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Media/Telephone-system/International (assessed 1997-2013) "Countries Compared by Media > Telephone system > International. International Statistics at NationMaster.com", CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Aggregates compiled by NationMaster., http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Media/Telephone-system/International (last visited 1997-2013) "Countries Compared by Media > Telephone system > International. International Statistics at NationMaster.com", CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Aggregates compiled by NationMaster., http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Media/Telephone-system/International (as of 1997-2013) Interesting observations about Media > Telephone system > International The United States has the most money, airports, radios and Internet Service Providers. Fixed phone lines	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1539
__label__cc	0.597859	0.402141	Jessica M. Marsh Howard M. Bloom Philip B. Rosen Labor & Collective Bargaining Blog Litigation / Trial Practice Labor Board: Employee Conduct in Response to Employer’s Unlawful Actions Not Grounds for Discharge An employer violated the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) when it discharged an employee who refused to participate in a performance evaluation scheduled for discriminatory reasons, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) has ruled, reversing the decision of an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). United States Postal Service, 367 NLRB No. 142 (June 4, 2019). In this case, an employee was reinstated by a labor arbitrator who ruled in his favor on a grievance challenging his termination. On the employee’s first day back at work, which was still within the employee’s 90-day probationary period, his manager told him he would be given a performance evaluation. The employer did not have a prior practice of doing so for probationary employees. The supervisor told the employee his “work quality” and “dependability” were “unacceptable.” The employee argued with the supervisor. The employee eventually stated he “could not take this” and left. The next day, the employer discharged the employee for “improper conduct” at his evaluation. The employee filed an unfair labor practice charge. After a trial, an ALJ found the employer had violated the NLRA because it discriminatorily had given the employee the performance evaluation in retaliation for the employee’s grievance. Nonetheless, the ALJ recommended dismissal of the employee’s charge. The ALJ reasoned that the employee could not refuse to cooperate in the evaluation, and none of the evidence indicated the employer’s assessment of the employee’s performance was discriminatory. The NLRB’s General Counsel appealed the decision to the NLRB, and the NLRB reversed the ALJ. The NLRB noted that the employer did not file exceptions (appeal) the ALJ’s finding that conducting the performance evaluation was unlawful. The NLRB found the employee “would not have been at that meeting but for [the employer]’s unlawful actions—specifically ordering the evaluation as retaliation for [the employee]’s protected activity.” Although the NLRB acknowledged “that there could be circumstances where an employee’s misconduct at an unlawful meeting could be so extreme as to [justify the termination],” it determined the facts in this case fell short of that standard. The NLRB’s decision re-confirms that employee conduct — even if otherwise inappropriate (up to a point) — cannot result in discipline if it arose in response to the employer’s unlawful conduct. Employers should carefully evaluate all of the circumstances leading to an employee’s alleged insubordination or inappropriate conduct before deciding whether to discipline the employee. Jackson Lewis P.C. © 2019 Chancery Court Finds That Allegations Related To Post-Separation Use Of Confidential Information Learned Pre-Separation Warrant Advancement Federal Court Rules that the FAA Preempts New York Law Prohibiting Mandatory Arbitration of Sexual Harassment Claims There’s No Place Like Home – But Is That a Reasonable Accommodation? Jessica M. Marsh is Of Counsel in the Minneapolis, MN, office of Jackson Lewis P.C. She is certified as a Labor and Employment Law Specialist through the Minnesota State Bar Association. Ms. Marsh’s traditional labor experience includes assisting both unionized and union-free workplaces facing union organizing attempts, picketing and/or strike activity, and union election petitions. Ms. Marsh defends employers responding to unfair-labor practice charges at the NLRB Regional Offices and on exceptions to the NLRB. Ms. Marsh also represents... Jessica.Marsh@jacksonlewis.com www.jacksonlewis.com Howard M. Bloom is a Principal in the Boston, Massachusetts, office of Jackson Lewis P.C. He has practiced labor and employment law representing exclusively employers for more than 36 years. Mr. Bloom counsels clients in a variety of industries on labor law issues. He trains and advises executives, managers and supervisors on union awareness and positive employee relations, and assists employers in connection with union card-signing efforts, traditional union representation and corporate campaigns, and union decertification campaigns. He also represents clients at the National Labor Relations Board in connection with bargaining unit issues, objections and challenges, as well as unfair labor practice investigations and trials. Mr. Bloom also has been the spokesperson at countless first and successor contract collective bargaining negotiations, and regularly advises on collective bargaining agreement administration issues, including grievance/arbitration issues. Mr. Bloom has appeared before the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, several U.S. District Courts, the National Labor Relations Board, the Massachusetts Labor Relations Commission, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination. bloomh@jacksonlewis.com Philip B. Rosen is a Principal in the New York City, New York, office of Jackson Lewis P.C. He is a member of the firm's Board of Directors and co-leads the firm's Labor and Preventive Practices Group. He joined the firm in 1979 and served as Managing Partner of the New York City office from 1989 to 2009. Mr. Rosen lectures extensively, conducts management training, and advises clients with respect to legislative and regulatory initiatives, corporate strategies, business ethics, social media, reorganizations and reductions-... RosenP@jacksonlewis.com	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1540
__label__wiki	0.940782	0.940782	Judge Rules Special Prosecutor Will be Assigned in Smollett Case Smollett was accused of falsely reporting what police say was a staged racist and anti-gay attack on himself in January in Chicago, but the charges against the actor were later dropped Published Jun 21, 2019 at 11:05 AM \| Updated at 1:17 PM EDT on Jun 21, 2019 'Empire' To End Following Upcoming Sixth Season //www.nbcboston.com/multimedia/_Empire_-To-End-Following-Upcoming-Sixth-Season_New-York-509848962.html Things are coming to an end for "Empire," it was recently announced (Published Monday, May 13, 2019) A judge on Friday ruled a special prosecutor will be assigned to investigate the handling of the Jussie Smollett case in Chicago. Judge Michael Toomin ruled in favor of a special prosecutor being appointed in the case after Sheila O'Brien, a former appellate judge, called for an investigation into why charges were dropped against the "Empire" actor by the Cook County State's Attorney's office. 'Empire' Creator 'Beyond Embarrassed' by Smollett Scandal Read the judge's scathing 21-page ruling here Chicago Releases 911 Calls From Jussie Smollett Incident The ruling state's that a special prosecutor will "conduct an independent investigation of the actions of any person or office involved in all aspects of the case." It notes that "if reasonable grounds exist to further prosecutor Smollett in the interest of justice the special prosecutor may take such action." The judge indicated in court that Cook County State's Attorney Kim Foxx did not have the authority to assign First Assistant State's Attorney Joe Magats to prosecute the case following her recusal. "I am pleased that the court agreed there was no conflict of interest here," Foxx said in a statement on the ruling. "Regarding recusal, I followed the advice and counsel of my then Chief Ethics Officer. In any event, I respectfully disagree with the court's conclusion that, in the absence of any conflict, the appointment of a special prosecutor is required," Foxx's statement continued. "As always, I remain committed to transparency, justice, and the public safety of the communities we serve," she added. Smollett was accused of falsely reporting what police say was a staged racist and anti-gay attack on himself in January in Chicago. The charges were dropped in March. The city of Chicago has released two 911 calls made after 'Empire' actor Jussie Smollett claimed he was the victim of a racist, homophobic attack. NBC 5's Patrick Fazio has the latest. (Published Monday, June 24, 2019) O'Brien previously said she might ask the Illinois Supreme Court to intervene. Separately, Cook County Inspector General Patrick Blanchard is investigating how Smollett's case was handled. "I think it will give all of us answers but the most important thing is that, as the judge indicated, the confidence in our judicial system will be restored," O'Brien said. New Documents Released in Jussie Smollett Case New revelations emerged Friday in the Jussie Smollett case, as text messages from States Attorney Kim Foxx cast new light on details in the case that were previously unknown. NBC 5's Patrick Fazio is here to explain what we've learned. When asked why she filed for a special prosecutor in the case, O'Brien said "because it had to be done and no one had done it." "Somebody had to do it and I had time and a type writer so here we are," she said, later adding that she has "no role after this." Copyright Associated Press / NBC10 Boston	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1543
__label__wiki	0.819196	0.819196	J Reprod Infertil. 2015 Jan-Mar;16(1):43-8. Sexual and Reproductive Behaviors among Undergraduate University Students in Mashhad, a City in Northeast of Iran. Hedayati-Moghaddam MR1, Eftekharzadeh-Mashhadi I1, Fathimoghadam F1, Pourafzali SJ1. Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran. The incidence of sexual transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS is globally higher in young people. This study evaluated the prevalence of sexual reproductive behaviors among undergraduate students of Mashhad, Iran. The study was conducted on 605 students in twelve non-medical faculties of a great university of Mashhad. A self-administered questionnaire was completed on demographic information, sexual contact in the lifetime and during the last three months, and age of first sex. Kaplan-Meier statistic was used to calculate the mean age of initiation of sex. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. After exclusion of individuals over 25 years of age, among 590 students with a mean age of 20.8±1.5 years included in the analysis, 71.4% were female and 85.3% were single. Prevalence of at least one sexual contact in life was 15.1% and 35.3% of single sexually experienced students reported to have sex in the last three months. The lifetime prevalence of sexual relationship in males was significantly higher than females (32.9% vs. 7.6%, p < 0.001). The mean age of first sexual experience was 23.7 years with a significant difference between both sexes (p < 0.001). In single sexually experienced students, the mean age at first sex was 17.6±3.3 years, 24% started sexual activity at <15 years, 34.3% had at least 3 partners and only 40.6% stated using condom in their last sex. Although very small proportion of females reported premarital sex, a significant minority of male students experienced sexual and risky behaviors. Therefore, the use of educational programs on related issues to reduce the risk of STIs/HIV among youth including university students seems to be a necessity. Adolescent; Iran; Mashhad; Reproductive behavior; Risk-taking; Sexual behavior; Students	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1544
__label__wiki	0.561446	0.561446	Am J Kidney Dis. 2016 Dec;68(6):862-872. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.05.030. Epub 2016 Aug 28. Risk of ESRD in the United States. Albertus P1, Morgenstern H2, Robinson B3, Saran R4. Kidney Epidemiology and Cost Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Electronic address: halm@umich.edu. Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Kidney Epidemiology and Cost Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Although incidence rates of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States are reported routinely by the US Renal Data System (USRDS), risks (probabilities) are not reported. Short- and long-term risk estimates need to be updated and expanded to minority populations, including Native Americans, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. Risk estimation from surveillance data in large populations using life-table methods. A competing-risks framework was applied by constructing a hypothetical cohort followed from birth to death. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Total US population. Incidence and mortality rates of ESRD were obtained from the USRDS; all-cause mortality rates were obtained from CDC WONDER. PREDICTORS: Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and year. 10-year to lifetime risks (cumulative incidence) of ESRD. Among males, lifetime risks of ESRD from birth using 2013 data were 3.1% (95% CI, 3.0%-3.1%) for non-Hispanic whites, 8.0% (95% CI, 7.9%-8.2%) for non-Hispanic blacks, 3.8% (95% CI, 3.4%-4.9%) for non-Hispanic Native Americans, 5.1% (95% CI, 4.8%-5.4%) for non-Hispanic Asians/Pacific Islanders, and 6.2% (95% CI, 6.1%-6.4%) for Hispanics. Among females, lifetime risks were 2.0% (95% CI, 2.0%-2.1%) for non-Hispanic whites, 6.8% (95% CI, 6.7%-6.9%) for non-Hispanic blacks, 3.6% (95% CI, 3.3%-4.2%) for non-Hispanic Native Americans, 3.8% (95% CI, 3.6%-4.0%) for non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islanders, and 4.3% (95% CI, 4.2%-4.5%) for Hispanics. Lifetime risk of ESRD from birth increased from 3.5% in 2000 to 4.0% in 2013 in males and decreased from 3.0% to 2.8% in females. Standard life-time assumption of fixed age-specific rates over time and possible ESRD misclassification. To be useful in clinical practice, this application will require additional predictors (eg, comorbid conditions and chronic kidney disease stage). ESRD risk in the United States varies more than 2-fold among racial/ethnic groups for both sexes. Copyright © 2016 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. End-stage renal disease (ESRD); US Renal Data System (USRDS); cumulative incidence; epidemiology; health inequity; incidence; lifetable; lifetime risk; mortality; nationwide surveillance; public health; racial disparity; risk; risk estimate Lifetime Probabilities of ESRD: A Decade of Disparity. [Am J Kidney Dis. 2016] 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.05.030 Incidence rate (per million/year) of ESRD in the total US population, by age, sex, and the calendar period from which data were obtained Risk of ESRD in the United States Am J Kidney Dis. ;68(6):862-872. Mortality rate (per thousand/year) in non-ESRD persons in the total US population, by age, sex, and the calendar period from which data were obtained Cumulative incidence (%) of ESRD from birth to age 100+, by race/ethnicity, in the US male population; based on data in 2013 Cumulative incidence (%) of ESRD from birth to age 100+, by race/ethnicity, in the US female population; based on data in 2013 Cumulative incidence (%) of ESRD from birth to age 100+, by method of estimation, in the total US population; based on data in 2013. Cumulative incidence (%) of ESRD from birth to age 100+ in the total US population, by sex and the calendar period from which data were obtained Publication type, MeSH terms, Grant support Continental Population Groups* Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology* United States/epidemiology HHSN276201400001C/LM/NLM NIH HHS/United States Kidney Failure - MedlinePlus Health Information	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1545
__label__wiki	0.7641	0.7641	Condensed Bio Representative Patrice Arent has devoted much of her life to public service. She is currently the Co-Chair of the House Ethics Committee, Co-Chair and Founder of the bipartisan Clean Air Caucus and Co-President of the National Association of Jewish Legislators. Representative Arent has passed over 70 bills during her 17 years in the Utah House and Senate, including several clean air bills, legislation prohibiting smoking in cars when children are passengers, Utah's Newborn Safe Haven law, consumer protection legislation, campaign finance reform, outdoor recreation infrastructure improvements, and laws that improve education and health care. Representative Arent has also helped lead successful efforts to provide stronger penalties for identity theft and defeat legislative proposals that waste tax dollars. Raised in Salt Lake City, Representative Arent is a graduate of the University of Utah and Cornell Law School. She was a division chief in the Utah Attorney General's Office, worked in a private law firm, served as Associate General Counsel to the Utah Legislature, and taught at the University of Utah College of Law. She has served on several community boards, including Ronald McDonald House, Envision Utah, Hale Center Theatre, and University of Utah Hospital.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1546
__label__cc	0.635577	0.364423	Ontario Legislation to Create Provincial Pension Plan in 2017 The Ontario government has taken steps to help the more than three million people who do not have any kind of workplace pension scheme. A bill was passed on April 29 that mandates all employees to contribute 1.9 percent of their pay to the newly formed Ontario Retirement Pension Plan, to a maximum of $1,643 per year. Employers will be required to match contributions. Ontario has lobbied the federal government to enhance the Canada Pension Plan to mandate increased contributions (and eventual pensions) for workers who do not belong to workplace pension plans, but the federal government has refused to do so. The new Ontario Retirement Pension Plan will be structured to be very similar to the Canada Pension Plan, as the Ontario government still hopes that the Ontario plan can eventually be assimilated into the federal plan. Until that happens, provincial workers now have the comfort of knowing that their retirement will be a little bit more secure thanks to this new plan. Opponents of the ORPP see the employer pension contributions as a payroll tax and claim it will kills jobs and damage businesses. By Mark Vanderkam\|Legislative Updates (CAN), News Room\|Comments Off on Ontario Legislation to Create Provincial Pension Plan in 2017	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1550
__label__wiki	0.813684	0.813684	https://www.ourmidland.com/news/article/Archie-A-MacIntyre-6958261.php Archie A. MacIntyre By the Midland Daily News Published 6:45 am EDT, Wednesday, April 27, 2011 Archie A. MacIntyre, 90, of Midland, and former Beaverton resident, died Saturday evening, April 23, 2011, at Covenant Cooper Hospital, Saginaw. He was born July 7, 1920, son of the late John and Sara (Peel) MacIntyre in Highland Park, where he was raised and educated. Archie volunteered to serve in the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II as a B-24 radio operator with the 492 Bomb Group. After his plane was shot down, he was held for months as a P.O.W. in Switzerland before finally escaping (in disguise) and returning to the Allied forces. Upon his return, he studied engineering for three years at Wayne State University. On Sept. 11, 1948, he married Betty Jean Swift in Highland Park, and they celebrated 60 years of marriage until her death on Sept. 17, 2008. Archie worked at Ford Motor Company, and in various industrial sales positions before founding MacIntyre & Sons in Beaverton. His creative ingenuity led to the development of an advanced parts feeder which is used in various manufacturing processes. Archie was a member of the Coleman Masonic Temple, Clio Shriners, Rolling Thunder, Ann Arbor P.O.W. Group, and a founding member of the Albright Shores Eagles. Archie is survived by two sons, Donald MacIntyre of Beaverton, and Robert (Deborah, his favorite daughter-in-law) MacIntyre of Swartz Creek; brother, Charles (Joan) MacIntyre of Livonia; sister-in-law, Doris Andrews of Livonia; and several nieces and nephews. Archie was predeceased by his wife, Betty; and his son, Patrick MacIntyre. In honoring Archie's wishes, private family services will be held at a later date. Memorials may be made to the Mighty Eighth Air Force Museum, P.O. Box 1992, Savannah, Georgia 31402. Archie was honored by the museum for his donation of several plaques which he made himself. Funeral arrangements are entrusted to the care of the Ware Smith Woolever Funeral Directors. www.waresmithwoolever.com	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1551
__label__wiki	0.52209	0.52209	“Incredibly hard”: Carrie Bickmore's mixed emotions returning to The Project The Project’s Carrie Bickmore is back! She returned to the show on Monday night, much to the delight of her fans. The presenter has been on maternity leave since November last year and returned to the show in a sweet, long-sleeved pink floral outfit. Bickmore was feeling the nerves as she posted a short but sweet Instagram video saying, “Well, this is weird but strangely familiar.” Here we go....see you at 6.30 friends 🎉 @theprojecttv A post shared by Carrie Bickmore (@bickmorecarrie) on Jul 8, 2019 at 12:41am PDT Bickmore was quickly right at home back with her old co-hosts on the panel, including Waleed Aly, Peter Helliar and Steve Price. She admitted that the transition from two to three children wasn’t easy, despite what Helliar had told her. "It's been full on, being back at work is easy," she confessed on Monday night. “Our little girl had really bad reflux, which I had no idea what that was and that made the first few months very hard because we couldn’t put her down at all and we didn’t know why she was crying and unsettled,” she said. "And it has been so incredibly hard." She also explained her thoughts to The Sydney Morning Herald saying that she has “mixed emotions”. "I'm looking forward to getting a coffee and being able to drink it before it gets cold, and for the silence of a 20-minute ride into work," she said. "But I'll be really honest, I have huge mixed emotions about it." Bickmore said that she has greatly enjoying spending time with her children as she’s been off. "My children are all really varying ages: I have a son who's about to start high school [Ollie], a four-year-old [Evie] and a six-month-old baby, so their needs are very different," she told the publication. "I think it's going to be a massive adjustment for me heading back to work. I'll have a little pain in my tummy, but that's the reality of working when you're a parent ... I don't know if you ever feel quite content." carrie bickmore the project Waleed Aly Peter Helliar Steve Price	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1552
__label__wiki	0.815424	0.815424	Basmah Qazi “Nothing to apologise for”: Georgie Gardner hits back over controversial Dr Teo interview Georgie Gardner has responded to those who criticised her for the treatment she gave brain surgeon Charlie Teo during his appearance on the Today show. Taking to Twitter, the breakfast show host told naysayers to “go away”, saying she had “nothing to apologise for” and that Dr Teo “was happy with the interview”. Since the interview aired last month, Gardner has been heavily criticised over her line of questioning. Dr Teo is considered a “hero” by many, as he is famous for conducting operations on those who have been told there is nothing that can be done. But despite his life-changing surgery, fellow surgeons seem to disagree with his price point, with the neurosurgeon saying the medical world is “gunning for him”. Please watch the i’view or go away. I have nothing to apologise for & I repeat Prof Teo was happy with the i’view @TheTodayShow https://t.co/wEnPMWqncS — Georgie Gardner (@GeorgieG) 10 June 2019 His interview with Gardner in May started a fiery feud on Twitter, as those in the profession slammed the surgeon for accepting six-figure sums, with patients resorting to crowdfunding to help pay for his services. During his exchange with Gardner, the journalist asked him why the procedure isn’t covered by Medicare, which prompted Dr Teo to tell the host to get her “facts straight”. “Let’s get our facts straight first,” he said. “The fact is, although some patients do have to pay over $100,000, that doesn’t all go to the surgeon or even the team. “It is in a private hospital, which is accounting to their shareholders. They have to make a profit. “So, for example, that $120,000 bill that Henry Woo is talking about, $80,000 to the private hospital. $40,000 then gets dispersed among not only the surgeon, the assistant, anaesthetist, pathologist, radiologist, radiographer. “It is not that great an amount to each individual person, when you get your facts straight…” Gardner then continued to probe into how much Dr Teo personally makes in those circumstances. “I got $8000,” he said. “But it is really not the total amount that each person gets. It is really the fact that people do have to pay for their private healthcare. “It is a little bit unfair. If I was a child with cancer in a foreign state who wants the very best care, I think you should be able to be done in the public system. “But unfortunately, if you are done in the public system a few people have swallowed their egos.” Dr Charlie Teo defends the high cost of his procedures, instead putting the onus on other neurosurgeons who won't swallow their egos and says "I would do it free of charge" if Australia's healthcare system covered the costs. #9Today pic.twitter.com/mwjmuMU8Se — The Today Show (@TheTodayShow) 28 May 2019 Dr Teo made a startling admission to 6PR host Jane Marwick, saying the medical profession had deeply rooted problems, as he revealed he once abused his power to prevent another surgeon from reaching the top. “I hate to say it but I’m guilty of it myself,” he said. “I remember when I sat on a credentialing board at one of the hospitals I was at. This guy applied for privileges at this hospital. About three months before he’d written a pretty nasty letter about me, so I didn’t like him. So what do I do? “With the power that I had, I go, ‘No, he can’t have privileges at this hospital.' And, for no other reason than because I didn’t like the guy. He was probably a good surgeon. He’d paid up all his dues. But I didn’t like him, so I didn’t give him privileges.” Dr Teo said he did it “because I could”. “I was totally unaccountable. Nobody came down on me and said, ‘Give me the reasons why’ or ‘You can’t do that just because he’s not a nice person’.” Georgie Gardner Dr Teo Today show Interview	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1553
__label__wiki	0.55876	0.55876	In This Article Cartography Key Organizations Trends in the Field Analytical Cartography Cartographic Communication Cartographic Lines Map Generalization Map Data Structures Cartographic Data and Data Issues Cartographic Design and Map Use Interactive, Dynamic, and Web Cartography Cartographic Education Visualization and Cartography Disciplinary Identity History of Cartography Public Participation GIS, Participatory GIS, and Participatory Mapping Keith C. Clarke LAST REVIEWED: 20 December 2016 LAST MODIFIED: 30 January 2014 The earliest maps date back perhaps 14,000 years, yet the academic discipline and its written literature are very much a creation of the 20th century. While the practice of cartography is well represented in the immense quantity of maps in collections and libraries worldwide, there are curiously few remaining ancient maps and almost no surviving “how-to” manuals, with the exception of Ptolemy’s Geography. The study of cartography as an academic discipline shares its origins with geography as a whole, with beginnings in Europe, and arriving in the United States as recently as the 1920s. Cartography grew immensely in wartime during the 20th century, especially during World War II and the Cold War, and received impetus from the conversion to digital and computer methods in the 1970s and 1980s, and again when the Internet, World Wide Web, and Global Navigation Satellite Systems flourished at the end of the 20th century. The technological transition in the field was profound, and continues to influence research and applications. Since 2001, the field has refocused on visualization, interaction and dynamic mapping, and mobile/web applications. Recently, the discipline has been faced by an increasing overlap with other disciplines such as GIScience (geographic information science) and visual analytics, leading to something of an “identity crisis” that will be visited toward the end of this article. In this article, the term GIScience is intended to encompass the fields variously described as geographic information systems, geographic information science, and those mapping sciences such as cognitive and analytical cartography that are most closely interrelated, especially by their shared research literature. Cartography is a field that is central to geography, GIScience and many other map-related sciences. As has been shown, the field underwent massive changes during the 20th century, largely as a result of the transition from an analog world to a digital world. Most of the papers included in this article are highly cited, and as such form the framework of the research literature. As various problems of data, data structure, representation, and mapping were solved during the late 20th century, a new suite of far-broader technologies again transformed mapping. This time they were based on the Internet, dynamic mapping, geovisualization, mobile mapping, and distributed computing. As is evident, this has led to something of an identity crisis in the cartographic discipline, one further exacerbated by the emergence of GIScience, information visualization, and visual analytics, which have taken on some of the classical cartographic research themes. Regardless, the map remains as a powerful and increasingly ubiquitous information tool in the early 21st century, just as it will for centuries to come. Cartography is a relatively small but international discipline. While there are considerable overlaps with other mapping sciences such as remote sensing and geographic information systems, journals and professional societies have remained at the core of the discipline in most nations. At the top of the international field is the International Cartographic Association (ICA), with its numerous working groups, conferences, and publications. In the United States, the ICA representative organization is the Cartography and Geographic Information Society, while others exist for other nations, such as Canada’s Canadian Cartographic Association. Other cartography-specific groups include the North American Cartographic Information Society. Canadian Cartographic Association. The main cartographic professional organization in Canada, with its own meetings and publications. Cartography and Geographic Information Society. The organization representing the United States at the ICA, and a major sponsor of research meetings and publications. International Cartographic Association. The principal international body coordinating cartographic research and practice worldwide. North American Cartographic Information Society. US-based professional organization with a focus on map design and the profession.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1554
__label__wiki	0.789513	0.789513	Study finds direct association between e-cigarette use and successful quitting The Pharmaceutical Journal14 SEP 2016By Debbie Andalo Debbie Andalo Full-time freelance journalist, who works mostly for The Guardian, writing across the Society Guardian spectrum. For more than 10 years Debbie wrote a public sector careers column for the paper and website. Debbie began her career more than 20 years ago as a general reporter on the South London Press moving on to reporting jobs with the Sunday People, the Evening Standard and GP magazine where she was deputy news editor until 2000 when she became a full-time freelance. Her book, ‘How to change your career’ was published by Guardian Books in 2007 An increase in e-cigarette use in England is associated with an increase in successful attempts to give up smoking, study finds. Use of e-cigarettes has resulted in more successful attempts to quit smoking but has not encouraged more people to quit Electronic cigarettes are helping people who want to quit smoking to successfully kick the habit, according to a study on the population impact of e-cigarettes on quit rates. However, researchers found that e-cigarettes have not encouraged more smokers to attempt to stop smoking. Vaping, they found, has also led to a fall in the demand for prescription nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in some cases. The researchers, writing in The BMJ[1] (online, 13 September 2016), say: “The increased prevalence of e-cigarettes in England does not appear to have been associated with a detectable change in attempts to stop smoking. “However, the increase in e-cigarette use has been associated with an increase in success of quit attempts. Growth in the use of e-cigarettes for quitting has also been associated with a decline in use of NRT obtained on prescription, but has not clearly been associated with the use of other quitting support.” Researchers based their findings on an analysis of 1,200 smokers between 2006 and 2015 who were registered with the Smoking Toolkit Study. Data from NHS smoking cessation services in England for the same period were also used, which showed eight million smokers set quit dates. The researchers found that the success rate of quit attempts increased by 0.098% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.064 to 0.132; P<0.001) and 0.058% (CI 0.038 to 0.078; P<0.001) for every 1% increase in prevalence of e-cigarette use by smokers and e-cigarette use during an attempt to quit, respectively. There was no clear evidence for an association between e-cigarette use and rate of quit attempts (β 0.025; 95% CI −0.035 to 0.085; P=0.41). But there was a negative association between e-cigarette use during a recent quit attempt and use of NRT obtained on prescription (β −0.098; CI −0.189 to −0.007; P=0.04). In an accompanying editorial in The BMJ[2] (online, 13 September 2016), John Britton, director of the UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies at the University of Nottingham, argues that e-cigarettes are just one of the factors that have influenced smokers to quit. Britton writes: “[It] remains unclear whether, or by how much, the availability of e-cigarettes has influenced quitting behaviour in the UK. “The key arbiter of this and other controversies over the role of e-cigarettes lies less in these data than in trends in smoking prevalence, which in 2015 fell by nearly one percentage point relative to 2014.” He argues that this “significant” year on year fall indicates that “something in UK tobacco control policy is working, and successful quitting through substitution with e-cigarettes is one likely major contributor”. “The challenge for public health is to embrace the potential of this new technology, and put it to full use,” says Britton. Action on Smoking and Health (ASH), a charity that campaigns to eliminate the harm caused by tobacco, describes the findings in The BMJ as “positive”. Deborah Arnott, chief executive of ASH, said in a statement that The BMJ research finds that the use of e-cigarettes in England is associated with a higher rate of successful quit attempts. “Taken together with continued year on year falls in smoking prevalence, this is a very positive finding that should reassure those concerned that smokers using e-cigarettes may lose their motivation to quit,” she writes. The research in The BMJ was published at the same time as the latest Cochrane review[3] into e-cigarettes and smoking cessation. The review, published on 13 September 2016, concludes that e-cigarettes may help smokers to quit, confirming the findings of its earlier similar review. It also found that there were no serious side effects associated with e-cigarette use for up to two years. [1] Beard E, West R, Michie S et al. Association between electronic cigarette use and changes in quit attempts, success of quit attempts, use of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, and use of stop smoking services in England: time series analysis of population trends. The BMJ 2016;354:i4645. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i4645 [2]Britton J. Electronic cigarettes and smoking cessation in England. The BMJ 2016;354:i4819. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i4819 [3]Hartmann-Boyce J, McRobbie H, Bullen C et al. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub3 Citation: The Pharmaceutical Journal, September 2016, Vol 297, No 7893, online \| DOI: 10.1211/PJ.2016.20201703 Patient Care in Community Practice Patient Care in Community Practice is a unique, practical guide for healthcare professionals or carers. Covers a range of non-medicinal products suitable for use at home. Pharmacy OSCEs The only pharmacy-specific OSCE revision guide. This easy-to-use book covers the key competencies that will be tested in your exams. Drugs and the Liver Drugs and the Liver assists practitioners in making pragmatic choices for their patients. It enables you to assess liver function and covers the principles of drug use in liver disease. Supplementary images Frequency of e-cigarette use may be key to quitting smoking, study suggests Smokers should be encouraged to switch to e-cigarettes, urges UK doctors body E-cigarettes in smoking cessation: a harm reduction perspective Teenagers who try e-cigarettes more likely to smoke tobacco	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1560
__label__cc	0.651166	0.348834	Initiation of the First in Human clinical trial in patients with solid tumours with an innovative antibody drug conjugate (ADC W0101) discovered by Pierre Fabre Pharmaceuticals R&D December 4th 2017 – Castres, Toulouse – Pierre Fabre Pharmaceuticals, announced today the initiation of an international Phase I/II clinical study in patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumours for its investigational product W0101, an innovative antibody drug conjugate (ADC) product candidate. This clinical research in solid tumours is led by Principal Investigator Dr. Christophe Massard, Head of the Therapeutic Innovation and early clinical trial Department at Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France and involves other sites in France and Spain. We are excited to be enrolling our first patients with W0101 and are hopeful that this new immunotherapeutic compound will provide an effective weapon against a wide range of cancer types, said Dr. Massard Head of the Therapeutic Innovation and early clinical trial Department at Gustave Roussy, Villejuif. W0101 a first-in-class ADC composed of an antibody targeting Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor conjugated to proprietary auristatin derivative was discovered and developed at Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre. IGF-1R has been recognised for its role in tumorigenesis and growth in a broad range of cancers including non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer and head and neck cancer. Many clinical trials involving naked monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated that IGF-1R can be efficiently targeted and such targeting could induce antitumor activities in several tumour types. However, these trials failed to show clinical benefit in the overall patient population. W0101 is a novel approach leveraging the advantages of ADCs that relies on a highly specific monoclonal antibody to selectively deliver a highly potent cytotoxic drug to tumour cells via IGF-1R mediated internalisation. W0101 is designed for the treatment of patients with tumours overexpressing IGF-1R. This study is an important step that will allow us to determine a safe dose for further development of W0101 in clinical indications for which a significant reduction of tumour growth has been shown in a broad panel of pre-clinical studies. It also marks an important milestone for Pierre Fabre that highlights our expertise and capabilities for moving ADC candidates into the clinic, and hopefully providing innovative therapies to cancer patients, stated Dr. Eric Chetaille Head of Pierre Fabre Oncology Innovation Unit at Pierre Fabre Pharmaceuticals. Additional information on the clinical trial can be found at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03316638 Press Contact : Valérie Roucoules - 01 49 10 83 84 Contact our press office These cookies collect anonymous information in connection with your navigation. They make it possible to establish statistics, to measure the audience and the frequentation of our site. We use the services provided by third parties to create a link with social networks like Facebook with the "like" or "share" buttons on our pages.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1561
__label__wiki	0.732548	0.732548	In Mozambique, Religious Leaders Unite Together against Malaria The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) engages religious leaders to facilitate greater partnership in, as well as ownership of, a community's development. Left unchecked, disease imperils the stability and prosperity of all; therefore, improving global health outcomes is a shared responsibility. This means reaching out to community elders, leaders, and religious groups to ensure the quality and reach of health services and messages. Religious leaders, along with their well-established networks of volunteers and community groups, have the potential to promote and sustain positive changes in the social norms, attitudes, and behaviors of their communities, which can affect development outcomes. Thus, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) engages religious leaders to facilitate greater partnership in, as well as ownership of, a community's development. Over the past few years, malaria and other global health programs have increased support to grassroots health movements within faith communities. In addition to promoting health-seeking behaviors, these programs have helped bridge cultural and religious divides. One such initiative, the Together Against Malaria (TAM) program, arose in 2006 from the common vision of national leaders from 10 faith communities in Mozambique to use their religious organizations to disseminate malaria control messages and commodities. TAM's goal was to train religious leaders on key malaria control and prevention messages so they could reach members of their communities with malaria messages - a goal that has been met with great success. TAM was designed to determine whether grassroots religious organizations could become accessible and effective partners with existing public health interventions. The TAM partners sought to maximize the vast reach and influence of religious organizations in remote areas where government clinics and programs do not exist. The challenge was to shape these scattered houses of worship into a functional system for the delivery of malaria control education and commodities, overcoming geographic and religious differences. The TAM partners recognized that the disparate faith-based organizations must be intentionally unified, organized, developed, and supported if TAM was to be an effective and sustainable mechanism for disease prevention. With the help of the Center for Interfaith Action on Global Poverty, at the Washington National Cathedral, the founding religious leaders of TAM formed the Inter-religious Program against Malaria (PIRCOM, in Portuguese) - a Mozambican nongovernmental organization (NGO) established to carry out TAM's program activities. The Adventist Development and Relief Agency served as PIRCOM's in-country implementing partner in Mozambique. The TAM program was supported by a three-year initial grant from the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI), which is led by USAID and implemented jointly with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. To date, PIRCOM has trained more than 21,000 religious leaders from a variety of faiths on malaria prevention and treatment. These religious leaders have in turn reached more than 1.5 million congregants across Mozambique with the life-saving messages. Through PIRCOM, the religious leaders established a unique and powerful community network - one that can complement national and multinational efforts against malaria, as well as other diseases and poverty-related issues. In addition to achieving the desired health-related outcomes, PIRCOM's malaria prevention and control program has served as a noncontroversial tool to promote interfaith collaboration and dialogue on a broader scale. While working together to promote malaria prevention and control in their communities, PIRCOM members have recognized the importance of their new relationships across faith lines. Imam Mussagy Remane, who is from the Islamic Congress of Mozambique and is a member of the provincial PIRCOM in Sofala, observed: "The most important thing is that we came to know each other. It was strange for me to be in a church; I had never spoken to a pastor - it was kind of a taboo. Malaria brought us together, brought us inside each other's communities. Today we know many people from different faith groups." Mussagy said that he no longer worries that tension between Christians and Muslims might spill over into his community because "by being busy with malaria together, people have come to know each other very well." Pastor Paul Viegas, pastor of the Assemblies of God Church and member of the provincial PIRCOM in Zambezia, echoed these sentiments: "I had never been in a mosque and had no personal access to Muslim leaders. We understand now we have problems in common, and we start to collaborate." The religious leaders believe PIRCOM is an innovative national faith-based program for malaria and public health in Mozambique. The U.S. Government is committed to working with a broad range of partners, most importantly national governments, as well as multilateral and bilateral institutions and private sector organizations. During the past year, PMI expanded collaboration with the private sector, NGOs, and faith-based organizations. These groups often have strong bases of operation and high degrees of influence in underserved rural areas, where the burden of malaria is greatest.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1564
__label__wiki	0.529038	0.529038	Progressive Commentary Hour - 05.09.17 And inside look at events in Venezuela and the US efforts for regime change Dr. Maria Paez Victor is a sociologist who sits on the Board of Governors for the Law Commission of Ontario at York University, an independent organization that researches and advocates law and reforms for Ontario citizens. She is also the Chair of the Canadian Latin American and Caribbean Policy Center. With over 20 years experience in national and international energy policy analysis and environmental health assessment, she has served as a policy adviser and consultant for the Ontarian and Canadian governments and taught the Sociology of Medicine at the University of Toronto. Born in Venezuela, Maria was educated in Caracas, New York, Mexico City and received her masters the University of Kent in the UK and her doctorate in sociology at York University in Toronto. She has been a long time active member in Canada's Latin American community and an observer and commentator on events unfolding in Venezuela since Hugo Chavez came to office as well as a sharp critic of US policies towards that nation. She is the author of "Give Me Liberty or Death: The Life and Campaigns of Richard Vowell" about a small group of British and Irish expat legionnaires who joined Simon Bolivar's revolution to oust the Spanish empire. Her articles appear on Counterpunch and in many liberal Spanish media sites. The Islamophobic Administration -- The rise of a nationalist ideology behind government policies Faiza Patel [Fi-za long i] is the co-director of the Liberty and National Security Program at the Brennan Center at New York University's Law School where she is specializing on the growing Islamophobia and regressive surveillance of Muslims by the US government. She has testified before Congress and organized advocacy efforts against state laws that incite fear of Islam. She is a frequent commentator on national security and counterterrorism issues on major media such as the New York Times, The Economist, The Guardian, MSNBC and NPR and other outlets. Earlier Faiza was a senior policy official for the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in the Haque and served as a law clerk at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Born and raised in Pakistan, Faiza is a graduate of Harvard and received her law degree from NYU Law School. She is a lead author of the recent Brennan report "The Islamophobic Administration" and the Trump administration's role in increasing and inciting a national hatred towards Muslims. The report can be found at BrennanCenter.org Progressive Commentary Hour - The loss of our constitutional rights and how the deep state prevents us from paying attention. Progressive Commentary Hour - The demand for a new spiritual ethics to face climate change and our ecological crises, and how to find an authentic and purposeful life amidst planetary uncertainty Progressive Commentary Hour - Houston We Have a Problem - 06.26.19 Progressive Commentary Hour - An indepth investigation into the perils and falsehoods about 5G technology Progressive Commentary Hour - Wikipedia's Culture of Institutional Bias Progressive Commentary Hour - Death by Medicine Progressive Commentary Hour - Aggression against Palestines -- the ideology behind human rights violations Progressive Commentary Hour - the Mueller report and the deep state exposed in the Trump years Progressive Commentary Hour - The Unofficial Truth about the Rwandan Genocide, the Yugoslav Wars and US Thirst for Regime Change Progressive Commentary Hour - How are Earth is being assaulted by the pervading western myth in human supremacy Progressive Commentary Hour - INSIDE VENEZUELA AND THE NEW WAVE OF SOCIALISM With Abby Martin Progressive Commentary Hour - THE WAR ON CHIROPRACTIC, Part 2	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1565
__label__wiki	0.839262	0.839262	Godzilla goes head to head with Rocketman and Ma \| LAOFCS Weekly Ep. 33 On this episode of LAOFCS Weekly, Screen Picks' Kit Bowen will be joined by Award Circuit's Christopher James and The Real Mr. Robinson's Alexander Robinson as they review this week's releases that include Rocketman, Godzilla: King of the Monsters, and Ma. Also on this episode, Kit, Alex, and Chris will be discussing their favorite movie bio-pics and monster movies. Kit Bowen @TheMovieKit Alexander Robinson @RealMr_Robinson Christopher James @cwj92movieman Presenting LAOFCS Weekly, where members of the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society come together to discuss new topics of the weeks, the movies you may have missed but need to check out, and reveal insider information of the film and journalism industry. Join host Scott Menzel with a rotating panel of members of the LAOFCS as they bring you into the inner circle with heightened discussion and knowledge. Each week, the show will feature four weekly segments which include: -Movie Pick of The Week - A weekly vote of all films being released in Los Angeles that week. -Independent Spotlight - A weekly Indie film suggestion from each member on the panel. The film can be playing in theaters, on-demand, or various streaming services. -Retro Rewind - A weekly recommendation of an older release that is currently available on streaming, DVD, or Blu-Ray. -Special Topic - Each week there will be a special conversation about something going on the industry or something that ties into this week's episode. Who are the LAOFCS? Los Angeles is the home of Hollywood and the film industry. There are hundreds of critics in the Los Angeles area and yet there was only one critic's circle. San Francisco, New York, Austin, and all other major cities throughout the USA have an online critics group but not Los Angeles. We wanted to change that and therefore launched the Los Angeles Film Critics Society (LAOFCS) at the end of 2016. By creating this group, they wanted to ensure that the members of their society are reflective of those who reside in the city of Los Angeles. Diversity is very important in film criticism and they want to make sure that all voices are represented within our group. They also want to embrace members that are finding new ways to criticize film whether that be through video, podcasts, or on social media. Over the next few years, the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society is hoping to redefine what it means to be part of a film critics group by having a year-round presence. Most film critic circles at the end of each year begin to appear to discuss their favorite films of the year. They wanted to create a film critics group that would openly discuss film throughout the year and not just during award season. Awkwafina, Alligators, and Stuber Oh My! \| LAOFCS Weekly Ep. 38 On this week's episode of LAOFCS Weekly, Rama Screen's Rama Tampubolon hosts and is joined by Maggie Ma and Karen M. Peterson to discuss this week's newest releases including Crawl, Stuber, The Art of Self Defense, and The Farewell. The group will also be sharing their thoughts on the newest live-action Disney remake The Lion King as well as their picks for the best films featuring Asian actors. Rama Tampubolon @RamasScreen Maggie Ma @MaggieMa_LA Karen M. Peterson @KarenMPeterson Presenting LAOFCS Weekly, where members of the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society come together to discuss new topics of the weeks, the movies you may have missed but need to check out, and reveal insider information of the film and journalism industry. Join host Scott Menzel with a rotating panel of members of the LAOFCS as they bring you into the inner circle with heightened discussion and knowledge. Each week, the show will feature four weekly segments which include: -Movie Pick of The Week - A weekly vote of all films being released in Los Angeles that week. -Independent Spotlight - A weekly Indie film suggestion from each member on the panel. The film can be playing in theaters, on-demand, or various streaming services. -Retro Rewind - A weekly recommendation of an older release that is currently available on streaming, DVD, or Blu-Ray. -Special Topic - Each week there will be a special conversation about something going on the industry or something that ties into this week's episode. Who are the LAOFCS? Los Angeles is the home of Hollywood and the film industry. There are hundreds of critics in the Los Angeles area and yet there was only one critic's circle. San Francisco, New York, Austin, and all other major cities throughout the USA have an online critics group but not Los Angeles. We wanted to change that and therefore launched the Los Angeles Film Critics Society (LAOFCS) at the end of 2016. By creating this group, they wanted to ensure that the members of their society are reflective of those who reside in the city of Los Angeles. Diversity is very important in film criticism and they want to make sure that all voices are represented within our group. They also want to embrace members that are finding new ways to criticize film whether that be through video, podcasts, or on social media. Over the next few years, the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society is hoping to redefine what it means to be part of a film critics group by having a year-round presence. Most film critic circles at the end of each year begin to appear to discuss their favorite films of the year. They wanted to create a film critics group that would openly discuss film throughout the year and not just during award season. Spider-Man's European Vacation, Aster's Midsommar, and Indie Horror Hits and Misses \| LAOFCS Weekly Ep. 37 On this episode of LAOFCS Weekly, William Bibbiani hosts and is joined by Dan Murrell, Luis Lecca, and Scott Mendelson to discuss this week's newest releases including Spider-Man: Far From Home and Midsommar. The group also talks about indie horror hits and misses plus their favorite films about vacations. William Bibbian @WilliamBibbiani Dan Murrell @MurrellDan Luis Lecca @nerdlecca Scott Mendelson @ScottMendelson Presenting LAOFCS Weekly, where members of the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society come together to discuss new topics of the weeks, the movies you may have missed but need to check out, and reveal insider information of the film and journalism industry. Join host Scott Menzel with a rotating panel of members of the LAOFCS as they bring you into the inner circle with heightened discussion and knowledge. Each week, the show will feature four weekly segments which include: -Movie Pick of The Week - A weekly vote of all films being released in Los Angeles that week. -Independent Spotlight - A weekly Indie film suggestion from each member on the panel. The film can be playing in theaters, on-demand, or various streaming services. -Retro Rewind - A weekly recommendation of an older release that is currently available on streaming, DVD, or Blu-Ray. -Special Topic - Each week there will be a special conversation about something going on the industry or something that ties into this week's episode. Who are the LAOFCS? Los Angeles is the home of Hollywood and the film industry. There are hundreds of critics in the Los Angeles area and yet there was only one critic's circle. San Francisco, New York, Austin, and all other major cities throughout the USA have an online critics group but not Los Angeles. We wanted to change that and therefore launched the Los Angeles Film Critics Society (LAOFCS) at the end of 2016. By creating this group, they wanted to ensure that the members of their society are reflective of those who reside in the city of Los Angeles. Diversity is very important in film criticism and they want to make sure that all voices are represented within our group. They also want to embrace members that are finding new ways to criticize film whether that be through video, podcasts, or on social media. Over the next few years, the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society is hoping to redefine what it means to be part of a film critics group by having a year-round presence. Most film critic circles at the end of each year begin to appear to discuss their favorite films of the year. They wanted to create a film critics group that would openly discuss film throughout the year and not just during award season. Annabelle vs. The Beatles, the 2019 Box Office Slump, and Streaming Picks \| LAOFCS Weekly Ep. 36 On this episode of LAOFCS Weekly, Scott Menzel returns to the hosting chair as he is joined by Staci Layne Wilson and Demetri Panos to discuss this week's newest releases including Yesterday and Annabelle Comes Home. Scott, Staci, and Demetri will also be talking about the Box Office slump and some films that we recommend that are currently available on various streaming sites. Scott Menzel @TheOtherScottM Staci Layne Wilson @StaciWilson Demetri Panos @DemetriPanos Michael Lee @IamMichaelJLee Presenting LAOFCS Weekly, where members of the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society come together to discuss new topics of the weeks, the movies you may have missed but need to check out, and reveal insider information of the film and journalism industry. Join host Scott Menzel with a rotating panel of members of the LAOFCS as they bring you into the inner circle with heightened discussion and knowledge. Each week, the show will feature four weekly segments which include: -Movie Pick of The Week - A weekly vote of all films being released in Los Angeles that week. -Independent Spotlight - A weekly Indie film suggestion from each member on the panel. The film can be playing in theaters, on-demand, or various streaming services. -Retro Rewind - A weekly recommendation of an older release that is currently available on streaming, DVD, or Blu-Ray. -Special Topic - Each week there will be a special conversation about something going on the industry or something that ties into this week's episode. Who are the LAOFCS? Los Angeles is the home of Hollywood and the film industry. There are hundreds of critics in the Los Angeles area and yet there was only one critic's circle. San Francisco, New York, Austin, and all other major cities throughout the USA have an online critics group but not Los Angeles. We wanted to change that and therefore launched the Los Angeles Film Critics Society (LAOFCS) at the end of 2016. By creating this group, they wanted to ensure that the members of their society are reflective of those who reside in the city of Los Angeles. Diversity is very important in film criticism and they want to make sure that all voices are represented within our group. They also want to embrace members that are finding new ways to criticize film whether that be through video, podcasts, or on social media. Over the next few years, the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society is hoping to redefine what it means to be part of a film critics group by having a year-round presence. Most film critic circles at the end of each year begin to appear to discuss their favorite films of the year. They wanted to create a film critics group that would openly discuss film throughout the year and not just during award season. Favorite Pixar Movies, Toy Story 4 Review & Chucky's new Child's Play \| LAOFCS Weekly Ep. 35 On this episode of LAOFCS Weekly, Scott Menzel returns to the hosting chair as he is joined by Debbie Lynn Elias and Michael Lee to discuss this week's newest releases including Child's Play and Toy Story 4. In addition, this week's episode will be centered around Pixar in celebration of Toy Story 4 so the gang will be discussing their favorite and least favorite films in the Pixar library. Scott Menzel @TheOtherScottM Debbie Lynn Elias @moviesharkd Michael Lee @IamMichaelJLee Presenting LAOFCS Weekly, where members of the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society come together to discuss new topics of the weeks, the movies you may have missed but need to check out, and reveal insider information of the film and journalism industry. Join host Scott Menzel with a rotating panel of members of the LAOFCS as they bring you into the inner circle with heightened discussion and knowledge. Each week, the show will feature four weekly segments which include: -Movie Pick of The Week - A weekly vote of all films being released in Los Angeles that week. -Independent Spotlight - A weekly Indie film suggestion from each member on the panel. The film can be playing in theaters, on-demand, or various streaming services. -Retro Rewind - A weekly recommendation of an older release that is currently available on streaming, DVD, or Blu-Ray. -Special Topic - Each week there will be a special conversation about something going on the industry or something that ties into this week's episode. Who are the LAOFCS? Los Angeles is the home of Hollywood and the film industry. There are hundreds of critics in the Los Angeles area and yet there was only one critic's circle. San Francisco, New York, Austin, and all other major cities throughout the USA have an online critics group but not Los Angeles. We wanted to change that and therefore launched the Los Angeles Film Critics Society (LAOFCS) at the end of 2016. By creating this group, they wanted to ensure that the members of their society are reflective of those who reside in the city of Los Angeles. Diversity is very important in film criticism and they want to make sure that all voices are represented within our group. They also want to embrace members that are finding new ways to criticize film whether that be through video, podcasts, or on social media. Over the next few years, the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society is hoping to redefine what it means to be part of a film critics group by having a year-round presence. Most film critic circles at the end of each year begin to appear to discuss their favorite films of the year. They wanted to create a film critics group that would openly discuss film throughout the year and not just during award season. Mindy Kaling's Late Night, Female-Driven Comedies, and Dances with Films Festival \| LAOFCS Weekly Ep. 34 On this episode of LAOFCS Weekly, Behind the Lens' Debbie Lynn Elias will be joined by Carla Renata aka The Curvy Critic and Katie Kilkenny of the Hollywood Reporter to discuss this week's newest releases including X-Men: Dark Phoneix, Late Night, The Secret Lives of Pets 2, The Last Black Man in San Francisco and Pavarotti. In addition, this week's episode will be centered around female-driven comedies in celebration of Late Night and will feature a preview of the Dances with Films Festival taking place next week in Los Angeles. Debbie Lynn Elias @moviesharkd Carla Renata Twitter: @TheCurvyCritic Katie Kilkenny Twitter: @katiekilkenny7 Presenting LAOFCS Weekly, where members of the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society come together to discuss new topics of the weeks, the movies you may have missed but need to check out, and reveal insider information of the film and journalism industry. Join host Scott Menzel with a rotating panel of members of the LAOFCS as they bring you into the inner circle with heightened discussion and knowledge. Each week, the show will feature four weekly segments which include: -Movie Pick of The Week - A weekly vote of all films being released in Los Angeles that week. -Independent Spotlight - A weekly Indie film suggestion from each member on the panel. The film can be playing in theaters, on-demand, or various streaming services. -Retro Rewind - A weekly recommendation of an older release that is currently available on streaming, DVD, or Blu-Ray. -Special Topic - Each week there will be a special conversation about something going on the industry or something that ties into this week's episode. Who are the LAOFCS? Los Angeles is the home of Hollywood and the film industry. There are hundreds of critics in the Los Angeles area and yet there was only one critic's circle. San Francisco, New York, Austin, and all other major cities throughout the USA have an online critics group but not Los Angeles. We wanted to change that and therefore launched the Los Angeles Film Critics Society (LAOFCS) at the end of 2016. By creating this group, they wanted to ensure that the members of their society are reflective of those who reside in the city of Los Angeles. Diversity is very important in film criticism and they want to make sure that all voices are represented within our group. They also want to embrace members that are finding new ways to criticize film whether that be through video, podcasts, or on social media. Over the next few years, the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society is hoping to redefine what it means to be part of a film critics group by having a year-round presence. Most film critic circles at the end of each year begin to appear to discuss their favorite films of the year. They wanted to create a film critics group that would openly discuss film throughout the year and not just during award season. Olivia Wilde gets Booksmart, Best High School Movies, and Cannes Recap \| LAOFCS Weekly On this episode of LAOFCS Weekly, Meet The Movie Press' Demetri Panos will be joined by Award Circuit's Karen M. Peterson and Behind the Lens' Debbie Lynn Elias for a trip back to high school. The week's episode will be centered around high school movies in celebration of Olivia Wilde's Booksmart opening in theaters this weekend. This episode will feature an in-depth review of Booksmart which will contain some minor spoilers, plus the gang will be discussing their favorite movies about high school and a quick Cannes Film Festival recap about what was hit and what wasn't. Demetri Panos Twitter: @DMovies1701 Karen M. Peterson Twitter: @KarenMPeterson Debbie Lynn Elias Twitter: @moviesharkd Presenting LAOFCS Weekly, where members of the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society come together to discuss new topics of the weeks, the movies you may have missed but need to check out, and reveal insider information of the film and journalism industry. Join host Scott Menzel with a rotating panel of members of the LAOFCS as they bring you into the inner circle with heightened discussion and knowledge. Each week, the show will feature four weekly segments which include: -Movie Pick of The Week - A weekly vote of all films being released in Los Angeles that week. -Independent Spotlight - A weekly Indie film suggestion from each member on the panel. The film can be playing in theaters, on-demand, or various streaming services. -Retro Rewind - A weekly recommendation of an older release that is currently available on streaming, DVD, or Blu-Ray. -Special Topic - Each week there will be a special conversation about something going on the industry or something that ties into this week's episode. Who are the LAOFCS? Los Angeles is the home of Hollywood and the film industry. There are hundreds of critics in the Los Angeles area and yet there was only one critic's circle. San Francisco, New York, Austin, and all other major cities throughout the USA have an online critics group but not Los Angeles. We wanted to change that and therefore launched the Los Angeles Film Critics Society (LAOFCS) at the end of 2016. By creating this group, they wanted to ensure that the members of their society are reflective of those who reside in the city of Los Angeles. Diversity is very important in film criticism and they want to make sure that all voices are represented within our group. They also want to embrace members that are finding new ways to criticize film whether that be through video, podcasts, or on social media. Over the next few years, the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society is hoping to redefine what it means to be part of a film critics group by having a year-round presence. Most film critic circles at the end of each year begin to appear to discuss their favorite films of the year. They wanted to create a film critics group that would openly discuss film throughout the year and not just during award season. Disney schedule shuffle, Hellraiser Reboot, Cliffhanger Reimagined & John Wick 3 Review \| LAOFCS Weekly On this episode of LAOFCS Weekly, Rama Screen's Rama Tampubolon will be joined by Joblo's James Oster aka Jimmy O and Nerd Reactor's Mark Pacis for an action-packed episode of LAOFCS Weekly. The week's episode will be centered around action films in celebration of the release of John Wick: Chapter 3. This episode will feature an in-depth review of John Wick: Chapter 3 which will contain some spoilers, plus the boys will be discussing the best action sequences of all-time along with a friendly debate as to who are the biggest action stars of today and yesterday. If you are a fan of Action movies, you don't want to miss this episode. Rama Tampubolon @RamasScreen James Oster Twitter: @JimmytotheO Mark Pacis Twitter: @PacManNR7 Presenting LAOFCS Weekly, where members of the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society come together to discuss new topics of the weeks, the movies you may have missed but need to check out, and reveal insider information of the film and journalism industry. Join host Scott Menzel with a rotating panel of members of the LAOFCS as they bring you into the inner circle with heightened discussion and knowledge. Each week, the show will feature four weekly segments which include: -Movie Pick of The Week - A weekly vote of all films being released in Los Angeles that week. -Independent Spotlight - A weekly Indie film suggestion from each member on the panel. The film can be playing in theaters, on-demand, or various streaming services. -Retro Rewind - A weekly recommendation of an older release that is currently available on streaming, DVD, or Blu-Ray. -Special Topic - Each week there will be a special conversation about something going on the industry or something that ties into this week's episode. Who are the LAOFCS? Los Angeles is the home of Hollywood and the film industry. There are hundreds of critics in the Los Angeles area and yet there was only one critic's circle. San Francisco, New York, Austin, and all other major cities throughout the USA have an online critics group but not Los Angeles. We wanted to change that and therefore launched the Los Angeles Film Critics Society (LAOFCS) at the end of 2016. By creating this group, they wanted to ensure that the members of their society are reflective of those who reside in the city of Los Angeles. Diversity is very important in film criticism and they want to make sure that all voices are represented within our group. They also want to embrace members that are finding new ways to criticize film whether that be through video, podcasts, or on social media. Over the next few years, the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society is hoping to redefine what it means to be part of a film critics group by having a year-round presence. Most film critic circles at the end of each year begin to appear to discuss their favorite films of the year. They wanted to create a film critics group that would openly discuss film throughout the year and not just during award season. Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/laofcsweekly/message LAOFCS Weekly: John Wick 3 Spoiler Review, & Who Are The Biggest Action Star of Today! On this episode of LAOFCS Weekly, Rama Screen's Rama Tampubolon will be joined by Joblo's James Oster aka Jimmy O and Nerd Reactor's Mark Pacis for an action-packed episode of LAOFCS Weekly. The week's episode will be centered around action films in celebration of the release of John Wick: Chapter 3. This episode will feature an in-depth review of John Wick: Chapter 3 which will contain some spoilers, plus the boys will be discussing the best action sequences of all-time along with a friendly debate as to who are the biggest action stars of today and yesterday. If you are a fan of Action movies, you don't want to miss this episode. Rama Tampubolon @RamasScreen James Oster Twitter: @JimmytotheO Mark Pacis Twitter: @PacManNR7 Presenting LAOFCS Weekly, where members of the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society come together to discuss new topics of the weeks, the movies you may have missed but need to check out, and reveal insider information of the film and journalism industry. Join host Scott Menzel with a rotating panel of members of the LAOFCS as they bring you into the inner circle with heightened discussion and knowledge. Each week, the show will feature four weekly segments which include: -Movie Pick of The Week - A weekly vote of all films being released in Los Angeles that week. -Independent Spotlight - A weekly Indie film suggestion from each member on the panel. The film can be playing in theaters, on-demand, or various streaming services. -Retro Rewind - A weekly recommendation of an older release that is currently available on streaming, DVD, or Blu-Ray. -Special Topic - Each week there will be a special conversation about something going on the industry or something that ties into this week's episode. Who are the LAOFCS? Los Angeles is the home of Hollywood and the film industry. There are hundreds of critics in the Los Angeles area and yet there was only one critic's circle. San Francisco, New York, Austin, and all other major cities throughout the USA have an online critics group but not Los Angeles. We wanted to change that and therefore launched the Los Angeles Film Critics Society (LAOFCS) at the end of 2016. By creating this group, they wanted to ensure that the members of their society are reflective of those who reside in the city of Los Angeles. Diversity is very important in film criticism and they want to make sure that all voices are represented within our group. They also want to embrace members that are finding new ways to criticize film whether that be through video, podcasts, or on social media. Over the next few years, the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society is hoping to redefine what it means to be part of a film critics group by having a year-round presence. Most film critic circles at the end of each year begin to appear to discuss their favorite films of the year. They wanted to create a film critics group that would openly discuss film throughout the year and not just during award season. On this episode of LAOFCS Weekly, Witney Seibold will be joined by Luis Lecca, Alexander Robinson, and Michael Sandoval for a lively review of Pokemon's Detective Pikachu. In addition, the gang will also discuss some of their favorite and least favorite films based on video games for Retro Rewind, and share their thoughts on the highly anticipated horror sequel, It: Chapter Two. Witney Seibold Twitter: @WitneySeibold Luis Lecca Twitter: @NukeTheFridge Alexander Robinson Twitter: @RealMr_Robinson Michael Sandoval Twitter: @MuseSandoval Presenting LAOFCS Weekly, where members of the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society come together to discuss new topics of the weeks, the movies you may have missed but need to check out, and reveal insider information of the film and journalism industry. Join host Scott Menzel with a rotating panel of members of the LAOFCS as they bring you into the inner circle with heightened discussion and knowledge. Each week, the show will feature four weekly segments which include: -Movie Pick of The Week - A weekly vote of all films being released in Los Angeles that week. -Independent Spotlight - A weekly Indie film suggestion from each member on the panel. The film can be playing in theaters, on-demand, or various streaming services. -Retro Rewind - A weekly recommendation of an older release that is currently available on streaming, DVD, or Blu-Ray. -Special Topic - Each week there will be a special conversation about something going on the industry or something that ties into this week's episode. Who are the LAOFCS? Los Angeles is the home of Hollywood and the film industry. There are hundreds of critics in the Los Angeles area and yet there was only one critic's circle. San Francisco, New York, Austin, and all other major cities throughout the USA have an online critics group but not Los Angeles. We wanted to change that and therefore launched the Los Angeles Film Critics Society (LAOFCS) at the end of 2016. By creating this group, they wanted to ensure that the members of their society are reflective of those who reside in the city of Los Angeles. Diversity is very important in film criticism and they want to make sure that all voices are represented within our group. They also want to embrace members that are finding new ways to criticize film whether that be through video, podcasts, or on social media. Over the next few years, the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society is hoping to redefine what it means to be part of a film critics group by having a year-round presence. Most film critic circles at the end of each year begin to appear to discuss their favorite films of the year. They wanted to create a film critics group that would openly discuss film throughout the year and not just during award season. Basketball Wives After Show Born This Way Reviews and After Show The Haunting Of Hill House Reviews & After Show Z Nation After Show	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1566
__label__wiki	0.893114	0.893114	Dunn, a veteran Dem strategist, will serve as communications director for at least a temporary period. Anita Dunn heads to the White House By JONATHAN MARTIN 04/30/2009 05:43 PM EDT Anita Dunn, a veteran Democratic strategist and top adviser on Barack Obama’s presidential campaign, will take over as White House communications director at least temporarily, according to sources familiar with the move. The powerful post is being vacated by Ellen Moran this week, and Obama officials want to fill it quickly. Dunn will start working next week in an interim capacity until the president settles on a permanent replacement for Moran. Dunn had initially avoided entering the administration with her fellow campaign veterans. But she has continued to serve as a key outside adviser, regularly joining strategy sessions with other members of Obama’s inner circle, and was an obvious choice for members of the close-knit West Wing. Dunn declined to discuss the move. As a longtime ad-maker who just worked on a presidential campaign, Dunn possesses strengths in how to project a message and manage never-ending news cycles that are pivotal to the job. “She is a very skilled communications strategist and a great message planner,” said David Plouffe, who managed the Obama campaign. “She has the complete trust of the president and of David Axelrod.” Justice Souter plans to retire Dems struggle with Gitmo politics Steele vs. the establishment On the campaign, Dunn was part of a small group that did long-range planning. She also helped prepare outside advocates for the campaign. She’ll continue to play a role in both now at the White House. Dunn actually worked for an Obama opponent in his 2004 Senate race before joining Obama in 2006 to run the then-Illinois senator’s Hopefund PAC. She has worked with nearly every other top Obama aide, including the group that came from former Sen. Tom Daschle’s political family. This includes current White House deputy communications director Dan Pfeiffer, who has worked with Dunn on a series of campaigns. Since Obama became president, Dunn has returned to her media consulting firm, Squier Knapp Dunn, but regularly offered advice to the White House and participated in Wednesday evening pizza-and-politics sessions at Axelrod's apartment. This won’t be Dunn’s first White House job. She worked as an intern in the Carter White House for chief of staff Hamilton Jordan before joining a number of campaigns, including those of former Sens. Bob Graham and Bill Bradley. She also did a stint on Capitol Hill, working there for Bradley, and has served as a top adviser to one-time White House aspirant Sen. Evan Bayh. "Anita is one of the best in the business," said fellow Democratic strategist Mo Elleithee, who worked with her on Bradley's presidential bid and in that fateful Illinois Democratic Senate primary in 2004. "She’s extraordinary in her ability to frame complex policy issues in ways that are relevant to people’s everyday lives, and there aren’t many out there who are better at driving message." Preferring to keep the focus on her candidates, Dunn typically shuns the spotlight. She is married to Obama campaign attorney-turned-DNC counsel Robert Bauer, but she has dismissed the notion that the pair are part of the new Washington elite. "The idea of power couples is a very retro idea,” Dunn told the Washington Post earlier this year.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1567
__label__wiki	0.578664	0.578664	Daniel Gale Sotheby's International... Receive press releases from Daniel Gale Sotheby's International Realty: By Email RSS Feeds: Daniel Gale Sotheby’s International Realty Names Deborah Hauser Chief Operating Officer, Tom Calabrese Senior Executive Advisor New leadership roles appointed at Daniel Gale Sotheby's International Realty. Cold Spring Harbor, NY, January 25, 2019 --(PR.com)-- Daniel Gale Sotheby’s International Realty, one of the nation’s leading realtors, has named Deborah Hauser as its Chief Operating Officer. Longtime COO Tom Calabrese will be assuming a Senior Executive Advisor role. Chief Executive Officer Deirdre O’Connell made the announcement yesterday at the first of four meetings that will in total address the organization’s more than 1,000 real estate advisors, management and staff. “Since Deborah Hauser took her first sales management post in 2012, she’s been a galvanizing force in the tremendous growth of Daniel Gale Sotheby’s International Realty,” said Ms. O’Connell. “Her deep understanding of the organization and the industry at large stems from her early success as a top producing real estate advisor whose expertise has continued to develop through a succession of management positions. Deborah has been an integral leader in our sales and business development programs and is a valued coach and astute executive. I look forward to working with her in her new role.” “Tom Calabrese is one of the pillars of the success of Daniel Gale Sotheby’s International Realty,” continued Ms. O’Connell. “Tom’s guidance and financial oversight has contributed enormously to our growth and profitability over decades of challenging markets and revolutionary change. He is a treasure and we look forward to his continued contributions.” Deborah Hauser began her real estate career in 2002 as a sales associate in the Cold Spring Harbor office, earning a place in the Gold Circle of Excellence and becoming a perennial top producing real estate advisor. Deborah has also been instrumental in developing a coaching and mentoring program which is among the most successful initiatives the organization has implemented. In June 2011, she was named Sales Manager in Cold Spring Harbor and in 2014 assumed regional sales oversight. As part of the Senior Management team, Deborah has played a significant role in the growth and expansion of the organization, now comprising over 950 sales associates in offices from Queens to Shelter Island. Daniel Gale Sotheby’s International Realty grossed $3.5 billion in sales in 2018. Prior to joining Daniel Gale Sotheby’s International Realty, Deborah succeeded in two highly competitive fields, managing a team of Wall Street retail brokers and operating two popular Long Island restaurants. Tom Calabrese joined Daniel Gale Sotheby’s International Realty in 1998 after a 35-year career with Verizon Communications. At Verizon, Tom was a senior executive whose positions included Vice President of Upstate New York; Vice President of Long Island, where he had responsibility for 3000 employees; and managing director of Human Resources. As Chief Operating Officer at Daniel Gale Sotheby’s International Realty, Tom has had oversight of company operations including legal matters, acquisitions, human resources and operating budgets. In 2018, Tom was honored as the inaugural recipient of the D. Kent Gale Humanitarian Award. The award, which honors the memory of the organization’s longtime leader Kent Gale, “acknowledges the singular efforts of one person in the Daniel Gale Sotheby’s International Realty organization who upholds the Golden Rule, demonstrating empathy, kindness, compassion, understating and respect through acts of charity, mentorship and community service.” Tom is active in the larger community. He serves on the Board of the Roslyn Savings Foundation, acts as Chair of the Caumsett Foundation and along with Daniel Gale Sotheby’s International Realty President and Chairman Patricia Petersen, sits on the Advisory Board of the DNA Learning Center at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. About Daniel Gale Sotheby’s International Realty Consistently achieving the highest average sales prices nationwide, Daniel Gale Sotheby’s International Realty is a $3.5 billion-dollar organization based on Long Island, N.Y. with more than 950 real estate advisors serving New York City’s metropolitan area with 28 offices in Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk counties, the North Fork of Long Island and Westhampton Beach. Our clients benefit from a 360 degree approach to integrative, innovative marketing reaching today’s home buyers and sellers through products and apps they love, providing almost instantaneous market data. We are the regional leader in New Development Sales and Marketing as the exclusive sales and marketing team for The Ritz-Carlton Residences, North Hills; The Bridges at Whitestone in Queens; The Beacon at Garvies Point, Glen Cove; among other prominent new build communities. In 2018, Daniel Gale Sotheby’s International Realty had the top sale on Long Island (excluding the Hamptons); a $9.6 million waterfront home on Long Island’s Gold Coast. Our other services include a full Relocation/Referrals Division, Commercial and Rental Divisions, and Ambassador Abstract Title company. The Sotheby’s International Realty® affiliate for Long Island and Queens since 1976, Daniel Gale Sotheby’s has gained national and international recognition, including top honors for sales, marketing and technology worldwide. For more information, visit www.danielgale.com Epoch 5 Public Relations Kathleen Caputi www.danielgale.com Click here to view the list of recent Press Releases from Daniel Gale Sotheby's International Realty	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1570
__label__cc	0.501306	0.498694	Interview with John Scales Avery, One of the Greatest Living Intellectuals on Earth 24.03.2017 - Copenhagen, Denmark - Human Wrongs Watch (Image by Humans Wrongs Watch) By Binu Mathew \| CounterCurrents I’m at the home of one of the greatest living intellectuals on earth. In the cold, windy Copenhagen weather as we ring the bell John Scales Avery opens the door and welcomes me and my friend John Graversgaard warmly into his home. He serves us coffee and we talk. I’m stunned by his humility and breadth of knowledge. John Avery is someone who is an academician but not restrained by the rigidity of the academic community. He is a scientist but not constrained to his area of study. He is someone who connects the dots. With his deep knowledge and vast experience he surmises human destiny scientifically. No, he is someone who is worried about the fate of all life forms on earth. His book “Information Theory And Evolution” is a seminal classic. He is coming out with a book “Civilization’s Crisis: A Set of Linked Challenges” which will be published by the World Scientific. John Avery is not just an academician and scientist. He is also an active peace activist who campaigns vigorously against nuclear proliferation. Since 1990 he has been the Contact Person in Denmark for Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs. In 1995, this group received the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts. He was the Member of the Danish Peace Commission of 1998. Technical Advisor, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe (1988- 1997). He was also Chairman of the Danish Peace Academy. More than everything else he is an intellectual who sees through the miasma that clouds our vision by ideological rigidity and mass media obfuscation. I have a fascination to know how life evolved on this earth, and what’s it’s future. Your wonderful book, “Information Theory and Evolution” answers almost all these questions. What prompted you to write the book? During the summers of 1960 and 1961, while I was still a postgraduate student in theoretical physics at the University of Chicago, I had the privilege of spending two summers working in the laboratory of the great Hungarian-American physiologist and biochemist, Albert Szent-Györgyi. He was famous for isolating vitamin C and for discovering the molecular mechanism of muscle contraction. But more importantly, he founded a new field of study: Bioenergetics. Szent-Györgyi wondered how the chemical energy from food is harnessed to do mechanical work or to drive our metabolisms. He reasoned that there must be structures in living organisms which are analogous to the structures of engines. If you pour gasoline onto the street and set fire to it, no useful work results, only heat, but if you burn it inside an engine, the chemical energy of the gasoline can be converted into useful mechanical work. Following this line of thought, Szent-Györgyi looked for energy-transducing structures in the tissues of living organisms. Among the structures that caught Szent-Gtörgyi’s attention were mitochondria, which power the metabolism of all animals, and he also studied the microscopic photosynthetic unit (thylakoids) in plants. After some years of work, he became convinced that quantum theory was needed in order to gain a complete understanding of how these microscopic engines work. Therefore he spent a year at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, where he learned quite a lot of quantum theory. Although he knew enough quantum theory to understand what physicists were talking about, he nevertheless thought that for the research which he wanted to undertake, he needed to collaborate with people whose whole education was in that field, and he brought some theoretical physicists (including me) to his laboratory. During the time that I was there, we worked to obtain a quantum theoretical understanding of the mechanism of the primary process in photosynthesis, where the energy of a photon is stabilized and trapped, ready to drive the synthests of sugars. In 1969, after I had obtained a Ph.D. in theoretical chemistry from Imperial College, University of London, and was teaching there, Plenum Press invited me to start a new journal and to become its first Managing Editor: It was called “The Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes”. (I think that Szent-Györgyi must have recommended me for this task). I served as editor until 1980. During that time, I am proud to say, our authors included Peter Mitchell and Jens C. Skou, whose papers were being refused by other journals at the time, but who each later won a Nobel Prize. In 1973, for family reasons, I moved permanently to the University of Copenhagen, One of the courses I helped to teach there was on “Statistical Mechanics from the Standpoint of Information Theory”. What a title! My Copenhagen colleague, Dr. Knud Andersen, who had initiated this course, was really ahead of his time! I learned a great deal from helping him to teach the course. Also, for many years, I taught physical chemistry to biologists. In this field, the concept of Gibbs free energy is very central. In a chemical reaction, the entropy (i.e. disorder) of the universe must always increase, as is required by the second law of thermodynamics. Entropy is a measure of disorder, and the universe always moves towards a state of greater disorder. To say this is the same as saying that the universe always moves from less probable configurations to states of greater and greater probability. We can create local order, but only by exporting disorder to the universe as a whole. In chemical thermodynamics, the requirement that Gibbs free energy must always decrease in a spontaneous chemical reaction is equivalent to saying that the entropy of the universe must always increase, but it allows us to take into account the fact that chemical reactions usually occur at constant temperature and pressure. In addition to teaching courses in chemistry and physics, I also taught a course on “Science and Society”. This was a history of science and its enormous social impact. An enlarged and updated version of the book that I wrote for this course has recently been published by World Scientific. One of the features of my Science and Society course was that we had many exciting guest lecturers. Among these were Dr. Claus Emmeche and Dr. Luis Emilio Bruni, both of whom were experts in the new field of Biosemiotics, which regards information as the central feature of living organisms. Listening to their wonderful lectures, I found a criticism forming in my mind: They did not distinguish between cybernetic information and thermodynamic information. In other words, they did not distinguish between the information contained in messages, and the information content of Gibbs free energy. I decided that I would try to write a book which would make this distinction clear, but the project was left “on the back burner”, and I too no steps towards starting it. However, a few years later, when I was visiting the Harvard laboratory of the famous chemical physicist Professor Dudley R. Herschbach, he took me to lunch with his postgraduate student, Anita Goel. She was in a special Harvard-MIT program where she was simultaneously obtaining both her Ph.D. in chemical physics and her M.D. After lunch, I spent the afternoon talking with Anita, and I told her about the information theory book that I was vaguely planning to write. Listening to her reaction, I realized that this was an extremely hot topic. Anita told me that there were many other people working hard on these questions, although they perhaps did not have exactly my angle of approach. I decided to start writing immediately. Anita was very good at asking questions, and during the whole afternoon she asked me more and more about how my planned book would be organized. How would I explain this, and how that? Which topics should come first and which afterwards? Her excellent questions forced me to find answers. At the end of the afternoon, I returned to my lodgings and wrote down in detail my whole conversation with Anita. By a coincidence, when I returned to Copenhagen, I found on my desk a letter from the World Scientific Publishing Company asking whether I had any writing plans in which they might be interested. I immediately formalized the outline that I had written at Harvard, and sent it to them; but I did not think that they could find a reviewer who had a background both in information theory and in biology. To my amazement, World Scientific found a Swedish professor with a background in both fields. He wrote an extremely long review of my book proposal, many times the usual length, criticizing some aspects of my proposed outline, suggesting improvements, and finally recommending publication. When the book came out, I expected some harsh criticism from the Biosemiotics experts like Claus and Luis, but in fact they liked what I had written. Recently World Scientific asked me to produce a new edition, incorporating the latest research. Today, if one includes topics like artificial life and computer technology inspired by mechanisms of the brain, the field is developing with great speed. MIT, where I graduated with a B.Sc. in 1954, now has a Department of Cognitive Science, in which half the researchers are looking more and more deeply at how the brain works, while the other half are producing hardware and software that mimic the functions of the brain, including learning and intuition. I also have a fascination for the second law of thermodynamics, and how it affects every aspect of our life. You’ve wonderfully connected the evolution of life and the second law of thermodynamics. Can you explain briefly for CC readers how both these phenomena are connected? The second law of thermodynamics states the the entropy (disorder) of the universe constantly increases. This follows from the fact that disorder is more statistically probable than order. For example, if we put a completed jigsaw puzzle into the bottom of a box, and shake the box, a disordered jumble of pieces results. The reverse process is virtually impossible. We could never, or almost never, put disordered pieces of a puzzle into a box, shake it, and then to find the completed puzzle in the bottom, Since disorder (entropy) always increases, how is it possible that the world we see around us so highly ordered? How is life possible? How is the Taj Mahal possible? How is the internet possible? The answer is that the earth is not a closed system. A flood of information-containing free energy reaches the earth’s biosphere in the form of sunlight. Passing through the metabolic pathways of living organisms, this information keeps the organisms far away from thermodynamic equilibrium, which is death. As the thermodynamic information flows through the biosphere, much of it is degraded to heat, but part is converted into cybernetic information and preserved in the intricate structures which are characteristic of life. The principle of natural selection ensures that when this happens, the configurations of matter in living organisms constantly increase in complexity, refinement and statistical improbability. This is the process which we call evolution, or in the case of human society, progress. In his 1944 book “What is Life” Erwin Schrödinger (one of the main founders of quantum theory) showed that, even at that early date, he was already aware of how life and entropy are related. He wrote: “What is that precious something contained in our food which keeps us from death? That is easily answered. Every process, event, happening, call it what you will; in a word, everything that is going on in Nature means an increase of the entropy of the part of the world where it is going on. Thus a living organism continually increases its entropy, or if you will, produces positive entropy., which is death. It can only keep aloof from it, i.e. alive, by continually drawing from its environment negative entropy…” “Entropy, taken with a negative sign, is itself a measure of order. Thus the device by which an organism maintains itself at a fairly high level of orderliness (= a fairly low level of entropy) really consists in sucking orderliness from its environment.” The information revolution has made life easier for many of us humans, even helping us to be born. But it has also destroyed our ecosystems, putting our own life, and the life of our fellow species into peril. Can we use the information revolution to our advantage to save the planet? Cultural evolution depends on the non-genetic storage and transmission, diffusion and utilization of information. The development of human speech, the invention of writing, the development of paper and printing, and finally in modern times, mass media, computers and the Internet: all these have been crucial steps in society’s explosive accumulation of information and knowledge. Human cultural evolution proceeds at a constantly accelerating speed; so great in fact that it threatens to shake society to pieces. Within rapidly-moving cultural evolution, we can observe that technical change now moves with such astonishing rapidity that neither social institutions, nor political structures, nor education, nor public opinion can keep pace. The lightning-like pace of technical progress has made many of our ideas and institutions obsolete. For example, the absolutely sovereign nation-state and the institution of war have both become dangerous anachronisms in an era of instantaneous communication, global interdependence and all-destroying weapons. In many respects, human cultural evolution can be regarded as an enormous success. However, at the start of the 21st century, most thoughtful observers agree that civilization is entering a period of crisis. As all curves move exponentially upward, population, production, consumption, rates of scientific discovery, and so on, one can observe signs of increasing environmental stress, while the continued existence and spread of nuclear weapons threaten civilization with destruction. Thus, while the explosive growth of knowledge has brought many benefits, the problem of achieving a stable, peaceful and sustainable world remains serious, challenging and unsolved. The achievements of modern society are achievements of cooperation. We can fly, but no one builds an airplane alone. We can cure diseases, but only through the cooperative efforts of researchers, doctors and medicinal firms. We can photograph and understand distant galaxies, but the ability to do so is built on the efforts of many cooperating individuals. Looking at human nature, both from the standpoint of evolution and from that of everyday experience, we see the two faces of Janus: one face shines radiantly; the other is dark and menacing. Two souls occupy the human breast, one warm and friendly, the other, murderous. Humans have developed a genius for cooperation, the basis for culture and civilization; but they are also capable of genocide; they were capable of massacres during the Crusades, capable of genocidal wars against the Amerinds, capable of the Holocaust, of Hiroshima, of the killing-fields of Cambodia, of Rwanda, and of Darfur. This being so, there are strong reasons to enlist the help of education and religion to make the bright side of human nature win over the dark side. Today, the mass media are an important component of education, and thus the mass media have a great responsibility for encouraging the cooperative and constructive side of human nature rather than the dark and destructive side. Our almost miraculous means of communication, if properly used, offer us the possibility of welding humanity into a single cooperative society. Like every activity on earth, economic activity also is a dissipative form of energy flow. Why is so much income disparity taking place? According to a recent Oxfam report, eight people own as much wealth as the poorest half of humanity. How do you explain it? Do you think that the second law of thermodynamics should be made an essential part of our educational system, especially in economics? With your permission, I will try to answer your last question first. I absolutely agree with you that the concept of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics ought to be made an essential part of our educational system, especially in economics. Although classical economic theory leaves it out entirely, a few pioneers of economic thought have realized that entropy and dissipation need play a central role in any correct theory. One of the first people to call attention to the relationship between entropy and economics was the English radiochemist Frederick Soddy (1877-1956). Soddy won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1926 for his work with Ernest Rutherford, demonstrating the transmutation of elements in radioactive decay processes. His concern for social problems then led him to a critical study of the assumptions of classical economics. Soddy believed that there is a close connection between free energy and wealth, but only a very tenuous connection between wealth and money. He was working on these problems during the period after World War I, when England left the gold standard, and he advocated an index system to replace it. In this system, the Bank of England would print more money and lend it to private banks whenever the cost of standard items indicated that too little money was in circulation, or conversely destroy printed money if the index showed the money supply to be too large. Soddy was extremely critical of the system of “fractional reserve banking” whereby private banks keep only a small fraction of the money that is entrusted to them by their depositors and lend out the remaining amount. He pointed out that, in this system, the money supply is controlled by the private banks rather than by the government, and that profits made from any expansion of the money supply go to private corporations instead of being used to provide social services. When the economy is expanding, this system is unjust but not disastrous. However, when the economy contracts, depositors ask for their money; but it is not there, having been lent out; and the banks crash. Fractional reserve banking exists today, not only in England but also in many other countries. Soddy’s criticisms of this practice cast light on the subprime mortgage crisis of 2008 and the debt crisis of 2011. As Soddy pointed out, real wealth is subject to the second law of thermodynamics. As entropy increases, real wealth decays. He contrasted this with the behavior of debt at compound interest, which increases exponentially without any limit, and he remarked: “You cannot permanently pit an absurd human convention, such as the spontaneous increment of debt [compound interest] against the natural law of the spontaneous decrement of wealth [entropy]”. Thus, in Soddy’s view, it is a fiction to maintain that being owed a large amount of money is a form of real wealth. Frederick Soddy’s book, Wealth, virtual wealth and debt: The solution of the economic paradox, published in 1926 by Allen and Unwin, was received by the professional economists of the time as the quixotic work of an outsider. Today, however, Soddy’s common-sense economic analysis is increasingly valued for the light that it throws on the instability of our fractional reserve banking system as economic growth falters. The incorporation of the idea of entropy into economic thought also owes much to the mathematician and economist Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen (1906- 1994), the son of a Romanian army officer. Georgescu-Roegen’s talents were soon recognized by the Romanian school system, and he was given an outstanding education in Mathematics, which later contributed to his success and originality as an economist. In Georgescu-Roegen’s words, “The idea that the economic process is not a mechanical analogue, but an entropic, unidirectional transformation began to turn over in my mind long ago, as I witnessed the oil wells of the Plosti field of both World Wars’ fame becoming dry one by one, and as I grew aware of the Romanian peasants’ struggle against the deterioration of their farming soil by continuous use and by rains as well. However it was the new representation of a process that enabled me to crystallize my thoughts in describing the economic process as the entropic transformation of valuable natural resources (low entropy) into valueless waste (high entropy).” After making many technical contributions to economic theory, Georgescu-Roegen returned to this insight in his important 1971 book, The Entropy Law and the Economic Process (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1971), where he outlines his concept of bioeconomics. Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen’s influence continues to be felt today, not only through his own books and papers but also through those of his student, the distinguished economist Herman E. Daly, who for many years has been advocating a steady-state economy. As Daly points out in his books and papers, it is becoming increasingly apparent that unlimited economic growth on a finite planet is a logical impossibility. However, it is important to distinguish between knowledge, wisdom and culture, which can and should continue to grow, and growth in the sense of an increase in the volume of material goods produced, which is reaching its limits. Daly describes our current situation as follows: “The most important change in recent times has been the growth of one subsystem of the Earth, namely the economy, relative to the total system, the ecosphere. This huge shift from an “empty” to a “full” world is truly ‘something new under the sun’… The closer the economy approaches the scale of the whole Earth, the more it will have to conform to the physical behavior mode of the Earth… The remaining natural world is no longer able to provide the sources and sinks for the metabolic throughput necessary to sustain the existing oversized economy ・ much less a growing one. Economists have focused too much on the economy’s circulatory system and have neglected to study its digestive tract.” Let me now turn to your question about enormous economic inequality. This exists today both within nations and between nations. Part of the explanation for this intolerable economic inequality can be found in the remarkable properties of exponential growth. If any quantity, for example indebtedness, is growing at the rate of 3% per year, it will double in 23.1 years; if it is growing at the rate of 4% per year, the doubling time is 17.3 years. For a 5% growth rate, the doubling time is 13.9 years, if the growth rate is 7%, the doubling time is only 9.9 years. It follows that if a debt remains unpaid for a few years, most of the repayments will go for interest, rather than for reducing the amount of the debt. In the case of the debts of third world countries to private banks in the industrialized parts of the world and to the IMF, many of the debts were incurred in the 1970’s for purposes which were of no benefit to local populations, for example purchase of military hardware. Today the debts remain, although the amount paid over the years by the developing countries is very many times the amount originally borrowed. Third world debt can be regarded as a means by which the industrialized nations extract raw materials from developing countries without any repayment whatever. In fact, besides extracting raw materials, they extract money. The injustice of this arrangement was emphasized recently by Pope Francis in his wonderful encyclical “Laudato Si’ ” Another part of the explanation lies in “resource wars”, conducted by militarily powerful countries to put in place or maintain unfair trade relationships with resource-rich nations in the third world. Finally, our present economic system favors concentration of wealth. “The rich get richer, and the poor get poorer”, or “To him who hath, it shall be given, but from him who hath not, even that which he hath shall be taken away”. At present, powerful oligarchs use their wealth to control governments. Democracy decays, tax loopholes are found for the rich, and inequality increases. This situation, and the impossibility of perpetual growth on a finite planet, point to the need for a new economic system, a system where cooperation plays a greater role; a system with both a social conscience and an ecological conscience. The nuclear bomb is the greatest concentration of man-made energy on earth. Why peace is the only software capable of diffusing this dangerous concentration of energy? Let me begin to try to answer your question by quoting Albert Szent Györgyi: I have always found these words very enlightening and inspiring: “The story of man consists of two parts, divided by the appearance of modern science…In the first period, man lived in the world in which his species was born and to which his senses were adapted. In the second, man stepped into a new, cosmic world to which he was a complete stranger…. The forces at man’s disposal were no longer terrestrial forces, of human dimension, but were cosmic forces, the forces which shaped the universe. The few hundred Fahrenheit degrees of our flimsy terrestrial fires were exchanged for the ten million degrees of the atomic reactions which heat the sun.” “This is but a beginning, with endless possibilities in both directions; a building of a human life of undreamt of wealth and dignity, or a sudden end in utmost misery. Man lives in a new cosmic world for which he was not made. His survival depends on how well and how fast he can adapt himself to it, rebuilding all his ideas, all his social and political institutions.” “…Modern science has abolished time and distance as factors separating nations. On our shrunken globe today, there is room for one group only: the family of man.” I would also like to quote from the Russell-Einstein Manifesto of 1955, the founding document of Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs. The Manifesto ends with the words, “Here, then, is the problem which we present to you, stark and dreadful and inescapable. Shall we put an end to the human race, or shall mankind renounce war?… There lies before us, if we choose, continual progress in happiness, knowledge and wisdom. Shall we instead choose death because we cannot forget our quarrels? .. We appeal as human beings to human beings: Remember your humanity and forget the rest. If you can do so, there lies before you a new Paradise; if you cannot, there lies before you the threat of universal death.” The human tendency towards tribalism evolved when our remote ancestors lived in small, genetically homogeneous tribes, competing for territory on the grasslands of Africa. Because marriage within a tribe was much more common than marriage outside it, genes were shared within the tribe. The tribe as a whole either survived or perished. The tribe, rather than the individual was the unit upon which the Darwinian forces of natural selection acted. Although it was a survival trait 100,000 years ago, tribalism threatens our human civilization of today with thermonuclear annihilation. As Konrad Lorenz put it, “An impartial visitor from another planet, looking at man as he is today, in his hand the atom bomb, the product of his intelligence, in his heart the aggression drive, inherited from his anthropoid ancestors, which the same intelligence cannot control, such a visitor would not give mankind much chance of survival.” Today, at the start of the 21st century, we live in nation-states to which we feel emotions of loyalty very similar to the tribal emotions of our ancestors. The enlargement of the fundamental political and social unit has been made necessary and possible by improved transportation and communication, and by changes in the techniques of warfare. The tragedy of our present situation is that the same forces that made the nation-state replace the tribe as the fundamental political and social unit have continued to operate with constantly increasing intensity. For this reason, the totally sovereign nation-state has become a dangerous anachronism. Although the world now functions as a single unit because of modern technology, its political structure is based on fragments, on absolutely sovereign nation-states . They are large compared to tribes, but too small for present-day technology, since they do not include all of mankind. The elimination of war, and the elimination of the threat of nuclear annihilation, will require effective governance at the global level. In 1995 the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded jointly to Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs and to its leader, Sir Joseph Rotblat. In his acceptance speech, Sir Joseph said, “We have to extend our loyalty to the whole of the human race… A war-free world will be seen by many as Utopian. It is not Utopian. There already exist in the world large regions, for example the European Union, within which war is inconceivable. What is needed is to extend these.” How can information theory play a role in peace politics? Biosemiotics regards information as being the central feature of living organisms- Societies can be regarded as super-organizme. One might think of extending Biosemiotics to the study of the way in which information is the central feature of the development and function of societies. Such a field of study might be called Sociosemiotics. Information theory is certainly essential to an understanding of history and to an understanding of the crisis of civilization that has been produced by the information explosion. Do you see any connection between the rise of populist and even fascist leaders around the world and information theory and thermodynamics? When the earth’s human population is plotted as a function of time over a period of 10,000 years, the simple mathematical function that best fits the data is not an exponentially increasing curve but a hyperbola, P=C/(2025-t), where P is the population, C is a constant, and t is the time, measured in years. If population continued to follow this curve, it would become infinite in the year 2025, which, of course, is impossible. In fact, global population has already begun to fall below the curve. Why is the empirical curve a hyperbola rather than an exponential? We can understand this if we see the growth of population as being driven by the information explosion. According to Malthus, population always presses against its food supply. As human knowledge and control of nature increased, the food supply also increased, leading to an increase in population. But today, we are facing a crisis. Our global food supply may be hit severely by the end of the fossil fuel era, and by climate change. These factors have already produced a flood of refugees fleeing environmental catastrophes in Africa. Added to this are millions of refugees from wars in the Middle East. The result of the refugee crisis has been a loss of human solidarity, and the rise of fascism. In this difficult situation, we need to regain our human solidarity. We need to fight against fascism, and to regain democratic government. We need to end the wars, which are producing many millions of refugees. We need to avoid catastrophic climate change. “Post-truth” was the word of the year of 2016. Why such a word now? Was there a “pre-truth “ or “truth” era? Or is there ever truth? Let me again quote Albert Szent-Györgyi. One of his remarks that I remember from the time that I worked in his laboratory was this: “The human mind was not designed by evolutionary forces for finding truth. It was designed for finding advantage”. Napoleon Bonaparte, quoting Fontanelle, said “History is a set of agreed-upon lies”. Members of tribe like groups throughout history have marked their identity by adhering to irrational systems of belief. Like the ritual scarification which is sometimes used by primitive tribes as a mark of identity, irrational systems of belief also mark the boundaries of groups. We parade these beliefs to demonstrate that we belong to a special group and that we are proud of it. The more irrational the belief is, the better it serves this purpose. When people tell each other that they believe the same nonsense, a bond is forged between them. The worse the nonsense, the stronger the bond. Sometimes motives of advantage are mixed in. As Szent-Györgyi observed, evolution designed the human mind, not for finding truth, but for finding advantage. Within the Orwellian framework of many modern nations, it is extremely disadvantageous to hold the wrong opinions. The wire tappers know what you are thinking. But truth has the great virtue that it allows us to accurately predict the future. If we ignore truth because it is unfashionable, or painful, or heretical, the future will catch us unprepared. What do you think of fake news, and the discussions going on the mechanisms to control it? Throughout history, art was commissioned by rulers to communicate, and exaggerate their power, glory, absolute rightness, etc. to the population. Modern power holders are also aware of the importance of propaganda. Thus the media are a battleground, where reformers struggle for attention, but are defeated with great regularity by the wealth and power of the establishment. This is a tragedy, because today, there is an urgent need to make public opinion aware of the serious threats that are facing civilization, and the steps that are needed to solve these problems. The mass media could potentially be a great force for public education, but in general, their role is not only unhelpful: it is often negative. Today we are faced with the task of creating a new global ethic in which loyalty to family, religion and nation will be supplemented by a higher loyalty to humanity as a whole. In addition, our present culture of violence must be replaced by a culture of peace. To achieve these essential goals, we urgently need the cooperation of the mass media. How do the media fulfill this life-or-death responsibility? Do they give us insight? No, they give us pop music. Do they give us an understanding of the sweep of evolution and history? No, they give us sport. Do they give us an understanding of need for strengthening the United Nations, and the ways that it could be strengthened? No, they give us sit-coms and soap operas. Do they give us unbiased news? No, they give us news that has been edited to conform with the interests of the military-industrial complex and other powerful lobbies. Do they present us with the need for a just system of international law that acts on individuals? On the whole, the subject is neglected. Do they tell of the essentially genocidal nature of nuclear weapons, and the need for their complete abolition? No, they give us programs about gardening and making food. In general, the mass media behave as though their role is to prevent the peoples of the world from joining hands and working to save the world from thermonuclear and environmental catastrophes. The television viewer sits slumped in a chair, passive, isolated, disempowered and stupefied. The future of the world hangs in the balance, the fate of children and grandchildren hang in the balance, but the television viewer feels no impulse to work actively to change the world or to save it. The Roman emperors gave their people bread and circuses to numb them into political inactivity. The modern mass media seem to be playing a similar role. Because the mass media have failed us completely, the work of independent editors like yourself has become enormously important for the future of humanity and the biosphere. Do you think that humanity can tackle climate change? Do you have any suggestions? Solar power and wind energy are already much cheaper than fossil fuels if the enormous subsidies given to fossil fuel corporations are discounted. The main thing that the world needs to do is to abolish these subsidies, or, better yet, shift them to the support of renewable energy infrastructure. If this is done, then economic forces alone will produce the rapid transition to renewable energy which we so urgently need to save the planet. Oil Change International, an organization devoted to exposing the true costs of fossil fuels, states that “Internationally governments provide at least $775 billion to $1 trillion annually in subsidies, not including other costs of fossil fuels related to climate change, environmental impacts, military conflicts and spending, and health impacts.” Hope that catastrophic climate change can be avoided comes from the exponentially growing world-wide use of renewable energy, and from the fact prominent public figures, such as Pope Francis, Leonardo DiCaprio, Elon Musk, Bill McKibben, Naomi Klein and Al Gore, are making the public increasingly aware of the long-term dangers. This awareness is needed to counter the climate change denial propaganda sponsored by politicians subservient to the fossil fuel industry. Short-term disasters due to climate change may also be sufficiently severe to wake us up. We can already see severe effects of global warming in Africa, in parts of India and in island nations threatened by rising sea levels. What do you think of the attitude of people like James Lovelock, who say “enjoy life while you can”? I believe that this is a betrayal of our responsibility to our children and grandchildren and to all future generations of humans. It is also a betrayal of all the other species with which we share our beautiful planet. We give our children loving care, but it makes no sense do so and at the same time to neglect to do all that is within our power to ensure that they and their descendants will inherit an earth in which they can survive. Inaction is not an option. We have to act with courage and dedication, even if the odds are against success, because the stakes are so high. The mass media could mobilize us to action, but they have failed in their duty. Our educational system could also wake us up and make us act, but it too has failed us. The battle to save the earth from human greed and folly has to be fought in the alternative media. We need a new economic system, a new society, a new social contract, a new way of life. Here are the great tasks that history has given to our generation: We must achieve a steady-state economic system. We must restore democracy. We must decrease economic inequality. We must break the power of corporate greed. We must leave fossil fuels in the ground. We must stabilize and ultimately reduce the global population. We must eliminate the institution of war. And finally, we must develop a more mature ethical system to match our new technology. What do you think of a world 50 years from now? The future looks extremely dark because of human folly, especially the long-term future. The greatest threats are catastrophic climate change and thermonuclear war, but a large-scale global famine also has to be considered. Nevertheless, I hope for the best, and I think that it is our collective duty to work for the best. The problems that we face today are severe, but they all have rational solutions. It is often said that ethical principles cannot be derived from science, and that they must come from somewhere else. However, when nature is viewed through the eyes of modern science, we obtain some insights which seem almost ethical in character. Biology at the molecular level has shown us the complexity and beauty of even the most humble living organisms, and the interrelatedness of all life on earth. Looking through the eyes of contemporary biochemistry, we can see that even the single cell of an amoeba is a structure of miraculous complexity and precision, worthy of our respect and wonder. Knowledge of the second law of thermodynamics, the statistical law favoring disorder over order, reminds us that life is always balanced like a tight-rope walker over an abyss of chaos and destruction. Living organisms distill their order and complexity from the flood of thermodynamic information which reaches the earth from the sun. In this way, they create local order; but life remains a fugitive from the second law of thermodynamics. Disorder, chaos, and destruction remain statistically favored over order, construction, and complexity. It is easier to burn down a house than to build one, easier to kill a human than to raise and educate one, easier to force a species into extinction than to replace it once it is gone, easier to burn the Great Library of Alexandria than to accumulate the knowledge that once filled it, and easier to destroy a civilization in a thermonuclear war than to rebuild it from the radioactive ashes. Knowing this, we can use the second law of thermodynamics to form an almost ethical insight: To be on the side of order, construction, and complexity, is to be on the side of life. To be on the side of destruction, disorder, chaos and war is to be against life, a traitor to life, an ally of death. Knowing the precariousness of life, knowing the statistical laws that favor disorder and chaos, we should resolve to be loyal to the principle of long-continued construction upon which life depends. Categories: International, Interviews, Peace and Disarmament, Science and Technology Tags: John Graversgaard Human Wrongs Watch Everybody talks about human ‘rights’ and this is just great. Nevertheless, human beings have been perpetrating, systematically, all kinds of wrongs–they kill each other, they destroy forests, seas, lands, and atmosphere. Simply, humans are now more than ever under the mercy of two dominant powers: the ‘market lords’ and the ‘war lords’–everything, humans included, are now subject to trade deals. Human wrongs Watch informs about some of the so many human ‘wrongs’–it’s our way to draw your attention. Maybe this initiative can help correct some of our misdoing. human-wrongs-watch.net	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1571
__label__wiki	0.580444	0.580444	Home Print Editions March 2009 Issue It's not over yet It's not over yet Two recent events have highlighted the delicately balanced predicament of listed private equity vehicles in the UK. Drastic action from both SVG Capital and Candover Investments – two Londonlisted investment vehicles feeding capital into buyout houses Permira and Candover respectively – showed that when the over-commitment strategies they employ come unstuck, the consequences can be serious. Put simply, an over-commitment strategy involves a fund making capital commitments in excess of its asset base and relying on cash distributions to meet capital calls as they come in. This lets the fund put as much capital to work as possible and minimises the negative impact of cash drag on returns. This works, provided the distributions keep rolling in. When distributions dry up, however, as they have done as a result of the market meltdown, the strategy hits a wall. Candover Investments, the London-listed entity that owns Candover and invests in its funds, recently had to slash its €1 billion commitment to the firm's €3 billion 2008 buyout fund. A couple of months earlier SVG Capital, a listed vehicle that invests most of its capital in funds managed by Permira, confirmed it had taken several steps to shore up its balance sheet, one of which involved cutting its €2.8 billion commitment to Permira IV by 40 percent. Over-stretched over-commitment strategies have been cited by industry analysts as a cause for concern for several London-listed private equity investment trusts (PEITs), including F&C Private Equity, Standard Life European Private Equity and Partners Group's Princess Private Equity. “Funding calls could become a challenge and we have already seen some companies effectively forced to sell fund interests at discounts in order to improve their balance sheets,” said JPMorgan Cazenove analyst Chris Brown in a research note back in November. Combined with other analyst bugbears, such as high leverage at both company or portfolio level and scepticism about the real value of underlying portfolio companies, the over-commitment issue has led to record-breaking discounting among listed PEITs. At the time of writing Candover was trading at a discount to net asset value of over 81 percent. F&C Private Equity Trust – a PEIT with a net asset value of £178 million – was trading at a 79 percent discount, while Pantheon International Participations – a trust managed by fund of funds manager Pantheon Ventures – was 83 percent down. These examples are at the larger end of the scale: the average discount to NAV is nearer 64 percent. With the unprecedented slowdown in distributions last year, the vulnerability of over-commitment strategies has been exposed and what was previously accepted as a fundamental element of private equity fund of funds management has become a dirty word. “It has gone from being a virtue to a vice,” says one PEIT manager. But before critics inside and outside the industry round on this latest “vice”, it is worth considering why it has for a long time been considered essential. Managers with a given pool of uninvested cash are obliged to use it as efficiently as possible. Sitting on a pile of cash is not efficient: the cash drag will kill returns. Even if a manager immediately commits 100 percent of his capital to underlying funds, it will still take up to five years to get the money ‘into the ground’, and even then the GPs probably won't draw down the full 100 percent. Then there are the cash distributions: they can't just sit on the balance sheet either, they need reinvesting. Over-commitment, if employed wisely, is the right tool to deal with these issues. So has the strategy now been exposed as bunk? No. Recently the parameters of over-commitment have been shown to be out of line with reality. They were formulated in better times, based on assumptions of future cash distributions. If managers before the credit crunch foresaw distributions continuing apace – and unless they were Nostradamus or NassimTaleb (of Black Swan fame) they probably would have done – they would have upped their commitment levels or risked sitting on unused capital. As a result, the ebbing tide has exposed a few bathers with no trunks on. Like many strategies in all lines of business, over-commitment in private equity will have to be adjusted in light of the Black Swan events of the past 18 months. It will not, however, be scrapped altogether. Investors in private equity funds, whose aim is to manage their capital efficiently, will continue to rely on it.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1572
__label__cc	0.708776	0.291224	* Cocoa FL Restaurants * Restaurants * Jacksonville Woody's Bar-B-Q® Makes Much-Anticipated Return to Cocoa, Florida Classic Southern Barbecue Chain Has Reopened its Popular Brevard County Location Under New Ownership By: Woody's Bar-B-Q The Doors to the Newly Reimagined Woody's Bar-B-Q of Cocoa are Now Open • Cocoa FL Restaurants • Jacksonville - Florida - US JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - June 4, 2019 - PRLog -- After opening its doors in 2014 in the former Corky Bell's Seafood Restaurant location, Woody's Bar-B-Q of Cocoa, Florida and its signature menu of slow-smoked meats and comfort food sides were immediately embraced by the Brevard County community. Unfortunately, a kitchen fire in May 2017 derailed the operation – forcing the restaurant's closure for nearly two years. Today, the classic Southern barbecue chain is pleased to announce that Woody's Bar-B-Q of Cocoa reopened its doors on June 3, 2019 under new ownership. At the helm is Brevard County entrepreneur and long-time Titusville resident, Hitesh Patel with General Manager, Kevin Dohoney, at his side. Living out a lifelong entrepreneurial dream, Patel has owned half a dozen Del Taco locations throughout Brevard County, and currently owns several highly successful convenience stores, a hardware store and commercial real estate company. Never one to be accused of being idle, he also works as an agent for Reliance Insurance in Titusville, serves as a Board Member for the local YMCA and is a member of the Titusville Chamber of Commerce. Desiring to own his own full-service restaurant, Patel was drawn to the Woody's Bar-B-Q franchise system. Attracted by the structure they provide, he was impressed by the people he met at the Corporate office and – most of all – by the quality of the food they offer their patrons. His personal favorite on the Woody's Bar-B-Q menu – their slow-smoked, flavorful and falling-off-the-bone Bar-B-Q Chicken. "I've lived in Titusville since 1993, so Cocoa is in my backyard," explained Patel. "The Woody's Bar-B-Q brand has an excellent reputation and its former Cocoa location had a proven history of success. I feel extremely optimistic about our reception from Brevard County residents. My General Manager – Kevin – brings a great deal of foodservice experience to the table, including management of a Cheesecake Factory. And I plan to be in the restaurant virtually every day – overseeing the operation and getting to know our customers." "Hitesh brings a lot of energy and enthusiasm to his role as Woody's Bar-B-Q franchisee," said Yolanda Mills-Mawman, President and COO of Woody's Bar-B-Q. "He has built an excellent team and plans to carry on the same history of success this location has witnessed in the past. Although, his solid track record as a business owner and his can-do attitude may help build a following that surpasses what we've witnessed here in the past. I know I speak for the entire Corporate Office when I say that Woody's Bar-B-Q is so happy to be back in Cocoa serving the good people of Brevard County!" Located at 4885 North US Highway 1, Woody's Bar-B-Q of Cocoa is now open for business. Having applied for a liquor license, Patel hopes to have a full bar up and running in time for summer. The restaurant currently boasts an ample sized dining room, with seating enough for 153 hungry customers. To learn more about Woody's Bar-B-Q, view its list of locations and peruse the menu, please visit www.woodys.com. About Woody's Bar-B-Q®: After opening their first Woody's Bar-B-Q (http://woodys.com/) in 1980, partners Woody Mills and Yolanda Mills-Mawman have spent nearly four decades setting the "bar" higher for classic Southern barbecue. From the humble beginnings of just one location in Jacksonville, Florida, a shared passion for barbecue, and a dog-eared collection of recipes, Mills and Mawman have grown the Woody's Bar-B-Q brand to locations reaching from the Deep South where barbecue is king to the Northeast and Midwestern fronts. Perhaps best known for their legendary melt-in-your-mouth slow-smoked Signature Baby Back Ribs, Woody's has also built quite a following among patrons with their secret recipe barbecue sauces and meats, as well as their freshly prepared comfort food-inspired side dishes. Individuals who wish to learn more about becoming a Woody's Bar-B-Q franchisee are encouraged to visit http://www.woodys.com/franchise/. Kasie Bolling - Content Specialist Out of Her Mind, LLC *@outofhermindfreelance.com : *@outofhermindfreelance.com : Cocoa FL Restaurants : Restaurants : Jacksonville - Florida - United States Out of Her Mind - Fresh Ideas & Freelance Copy PRs Market Need Drives Growth of InsuranceHub's Transportation Department Georgia's Gwinnett County to Host 2nd Annual Hazardous Household Waste Collection Day David Weekley Homes to Host Grand Opening at Marietta Township in Georgia Parkside at Mason Mill Makes a Splash in Atlanta this Summer with Resort-Inspired Amenities InsuranceHub Launches New Brand for New Generation Jun 04, 2019 News	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1573
__label__wiki	0.856636	0.856636	Project Abraham About Project Abraham Follow our Yezidi Community Our Storybooks Fifth Anniversary of Mount Sinjar Genocide FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF YEZIDI GENOCIDE TO BE REMEMBERED AT QUEEN’S PARK Sunday, August 4th Queen’s Park Legislature Building (Toronto, July 4th, 2019) The mass murder of more than 10,000 Yezidi people by fighters of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) will be remembered on Sunday, August 4th at Queen's Park. We invite you to stand with members of the Canadian Yezidi community in memory of those who died in the genocide at Mount Sinjar five years ago. On the morning of August 3, 2014, ISIS fighters entered the Yezidi city of Sinjar, bent on total destruction. In the days that followed approximately 10,000 Yezidis were executed in cold blood – shot, beheaded, burned alive. More than 7,000 Yezidi women and girls were taken by ISIS and forced into sex slavery. Holy shrines were desecrated. As ISIS overran Sinjar, thousands of Yezidis fled to Turkey. Approximately 15,000 Yezidi refugees, mostly women and children, now live in UNHCR camps in Nusaybin, Diyarbakur, and Midyat. There is a word for what the Yezidis have endured. It is genocide. Five years later, the survivors of this genocide bear wounds that have not healed. Mass executions, the abduction of sons and daughters, the torment of sexual slavery -- these memories are replayed through every waking moment and restless night. As new mass graves are discovered, hopes are cruelly dashed that missing relatives will be found alive. On August 4, 2019 at 2:00 PM the Yezidi community living in the Greater Toronto Area and London, Ontario will commemorate the Mount Sinjar Genocide at Queen's Park with the largest gather of Yezidis in Canada. Among them will be survivors of the massacre and sexual slavery that followed. The broader Canadian community can help the healing of these survivors by standing with them to mark the fifth anniversary of the genocide. A large and compassionate assembly on August 4th will show these men, women, and children that they are not alone. Karen Goldenberg, C.M. Chair of Project Abraham Mirza Ismail Founder and Chair of Yezidi Human Rights Organization - International Our MC Karen Goldenberg, C.M., Chair of Project Abraham Karen Goldenberg is the principal consultant at Karen Goldenberg Consultants, providing organizational development, governance, and executive coaching to not-for-profit agencies. She has had leadership roles as CEO of several health and social service agencies and has been appointed to many boards and government advisory committees. Karen was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada in 2014. Our Keynote Speaker Irwin Cotler, P.C., O.C., O.Q. Irwin Cotler is the Chair of the Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights, an Emeritus Professor of Law at McGill University, former Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada and longtime Member of Parliament, and an international human rights lawyer. He was elected 2014 Canadian Parliamentarian of the Year by his colleagues, and in 2015 received the Law Society of Upper Canada’s Inaugural Human Rights Award. In its citation, the Law Society recognized “The Honourable Irwin Cotler’s tireless efforts to ensure peace and justice for all. In his varied roles as law professor, constitutional and comparative law scholar, international human rights lawyer, counsel to prisoners of conscience, public intellectual, peace activist, Member of Parliament, and Minster of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Mr. Cotler has been a leader and role model. Through his advocacy work both in Canada and internationally, he has transformed the lives of many.” Mirza Ismail is a Yezidi religious Sheikh and the founder of Yezidi Human Rights Organization - International, who has been fighting for the cause of Yazidis worldwide for over 20 years. He is a native-born Yezidi who was forced to flee Iraq by Saddam Hussein’s regime in 1991. He currently resides in Canada and has spoken about the community in the Canadian parliament and in many international forums. As a Sheikh, he is highly respected and has an enormous following in the global Yazidi community. garyrose@projectabraham.ca We gratefully acknowledge the support of the following organizations who stand with the Yezidi community in remembrance: Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights Armenian National Committee of Canada Romanipe Centre for Israel and Jewish Affairs Canadian Centre for Victims of Torture Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies The Samurai Centre for Human Rights & Holocaust Studies Fondation Sylvenie Lindor Foundation - Centre Multiculturalisme Jean Marcelin Fontaine Inc Liberation75 Stand With Us Canada Office for Refugees, Archdiocese of Toronto (ORAT) St. Matthews United Church, Richmond Hill World Wide Opportunities for Women Mozuud Freedom Foundation Centre Lodzer Synagogue Adath Israel Congregaton Beth Emeth Bais Yehuda Synagogue Beth Tzedec Congregation Pride of Israel Synagogue National Council of Jewish Women Toronto About Us \|\| Contact Project Abraham	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1574
__label__wiki	0.537987	0.537987	Did Thomas Paine Have Children Full text of Thomas Paine’s –American Crisis–December 23, 1776. THESE are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Jul 14, 2018. Genealogy for Thomas Paine (Pain) (1737 – 1809) family tree on Geni, with. to Margate, she went into early labor, in which she and their child died. an Excise Officer for "claiming to have inspected goods he did not inspect. Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain) (February 9, 1737 [O.S. January 29, 1736] – June 8, 1809) was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary. One of the Founding Fathers of the United States, he authored the two. Through his persuasive essays and pamphlets, Thomas Paine became one of the. of 'Common Sense,' the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. line in Paine's obituary: "He had lived long, did some good and much harm. around 1760, Paine's wife and child both died in childbirth, and his business, The American Revolution – Common Sense, Thomas Paine Illustration. Road to Revolution for Kids. But Paine actually said nothing that the colonial leaders did not already know and expressed many times. The thing. Have a great year! History of Economic Ideas, xiv/2006/ TWO ARGUMENTS FOR BASIC INCOME : THOMAS PAINE (1737-1809) AND THOMAS SPENCE (1750-1814) J. E. King La Trobe University Department of Economics and Finance and John Marangos Colorado State University Department of Economics In the 790s the radical thinkers Tom Paine and Thomas Spence were among the ﬁrst to advocate the. In the preparation of these volumes I have had the generous assistance and cooperation of. hungry children, and persons of seventy and eighty years of age, begging. however, Paine did not deal with any of the pressing political problems. Dec 11, 2000 · Thomas Paine’s Common Sense Thomas Paine was born in Britain, on January 29, 1737.Paine’s formal education lasted only until the age of thirteen since after that he began working for his father. In Common Sense, Thomas Paine is setting forth his arguments in favor of American independence. His main argument is about government, religion and on specifics of the colonial. Nov 13, 2008. Explore genealogy for Thomas Paine born 1737 Thetford, Norfolk, England. USA including ancestors + children + 2 photos + 1 family memories + 2. Foner may have included writings that Paine edited but did not write and. Thomas Paine was an England-born political philosopher and writer who supported. Three years later he did join the crew of the privateer ship King of Prussia, is believed to have persuaded Paine to emigrate to America, providing Paine. Andrew Jackson And Nullification Conservatives describe President Donald Trump’s fight with so-called sanctuary cities as the new nullification crisis. s nullification of the tariffs of 1828 and 1832. These commentators all want. President Andrew Jackson disputed that claim. In recent years, the idea of nullification has gained steam in Republican-controlled states as lawmakers there have looked for some way Thomas Paine [3] was born in Thetford, England [4], on 29 January 1737. However, Paine did not subscribe to the atheism of the revolutionaries, and in his. well assert that because a child has thrived upon milk, it is never to have meat, If people had been made aware of these evil teachings in the Bible, this current issue would never have. their children who curse their parents, they are making "the word of God of none effect". It has to do with Thomas Paine. is that Paine, who was collaborating with these reformers in the early 1790s, had been working with them to try to recruit Richmond back into the project of reform.”. Thomas Paine wrote that in 1776 in `American Crisis,’" wrote Lotz. I knew Thomas Paine authored that essay. I simply didn’t have enough room in the column. Keller wrote: "Retinitis pigmentosa also. Thomas Paine (left) and Edmund Burke Yuval Levin traces the modern Left and Right. For all their future disagreements, the two men came from surprisingly similar backgrounds. Both were children of. Love his work, as most do, or loathe it, as somebody somewhere probably does, you cannot deny he did have a knack of identifying issues. Just a year after Thomas Paine’s iconic political pamphlet. Thomas Paine quotes from BrainyQuote.com. If there must be trouble, let it be in my day, that my child may have peace. Thomas. Did I say words of healing? During these voyages, Thomas Paine realized that he did not want to live that life either. He ended up back in England where he began working as a tax officer. They are accused of not telling the Department of Children and Family Services the. of Illinois College of Law. He maintains Thomas did nothing wrong. "To hold a person to that standard, you have. THE RELIGIOUS BELIEFS OF THOMAS PAINE Ben Crenshaw Colonial America HIS 341 Dr. Messer December 8, 2009 Crenshaw 1 The concept of individualism is a hallmark of western civilization and specifically American culture and identity. ORIGIN OF FREEMASONRY. by Thomas Paine. It is always understood that Freemasons have a secret which they carefully conceal; but from everything that can be collected from their own accounts of Masonry, their real secret is no other than their origin, which but few of them understand; and those who do, envelop it in mystery. The entire book by Deist pioneer Thomas Paine, The Age of Reason. This insightful book covers topics of God, Deism, reason, Christianity, the Bible, "revealed" religion, Judais, Islam, the Koran, etc. In a special Friday evening performance, actor and historian Bob Gleason introduces us to Thomas Paine. and audience interactivity have become hallmarks of Mr. Gleason’s historical portrayals. He’s. •1737: February 9th – Thomas Paine is born in Thetford, Norfolk, to Joseph and Frances Paine (nee Cocke). • 1744 Thomas enrolls at Thetford Grammar School. Mar 30, 2001. Nothing has been easy for Thomas Paine, the Revolutionary War patriot, And for the next few days, New Rochelle's schools and library have. who claimed that he was a descendant of an illegitimate child of Paine's. How did Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense convince reluctant Americans to abandon the goal of reconciliation with Britain and accept that separation from Britain — independence — was the only option for preserving their liberty? Understanding. By January 1776, the American colonies were in open rebellion against Britain. Their soldiers had captured Fort Ticonderoga, besieged Boston. Below is Thomas Paine’s outstanding book on God, Deism, Nature, Christianity, the Bible, Judaism, etc., The Age of Reason.It is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand Deism, Judaism and Christianity as well as for anyone interested in objective and honest Bible study. as Thomas Paine did, “O ye that love mankind! Ye that dare oppose, not only the tyranny, but the tyrant, stand forth! Every spot of the world is overrun with oppression. Freedom hath been hunted round. Thomas Paine, (born January 29, 1737, Thetford, Norfolk, England—died June 8, 1809, New York, New York, U.S.), English-American writer and political pamphleteer whose Common Sense pamphlet and Crisis papers were important influences on the American Revolution.Other works that contributed to his reputation as one of the greatest political propagandists in history were Rights of Man, a defense. No. Paine was an only child, and he never had children (that survived). There have been several claims or beliefs from people thinking they are descendants. The published works of Thomas Paine, including The Crisis, The Rights of Man, Age. He would have been arrested, but he fled for France to join the National. Yuval Levin in The Great Debate, however, argues not for seating but for ideas: that left and right enter the Anglo-American political bloodstream via the climactic public clash in the 1790s between. How did Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense convince reluctant Americans to. He did have a new message in Common Sense — an ultimatum. If we fail to act, we're self-deceiving cowards condemning our children to tyranny and. Editor’s Notes from The Live and Works of Thomas Paine, Patriot’s Edition, Thomas Paine National Historical Association, New Rochelle, New York, 1925, William Van der Weyde, editor Editor’s notes prefacing the author’s inscription. THIS tract, as Paine calls it, is identified with the Theophilanthropic movement which Paine started in Paris, in 1786-7,and later introduced in America. What did he accomplish and what might he still contribute to this challenging, Just as importantly, children have a purity and suppleness of imagination that. Where did Thomas Paine grow up? Thomas Paine was born in Thetford, England on January 29, 1737. His father, Joseph, was a tailor who specialized in. Jul 3, 2018. Thomas Paine was a living icon in his own age, an 18th-century romantic figure as reviled. His first wife died tragically in labor with her first child; his second marriage. in a virtual coma, having fallen ill from typhoid on the ship from England. Paine, of course, did not emerge out of a vacuum of rebellion. Herbert Hoover Tax Cuts Political Cartoons On The Boston Tea Party. For 245th AnniversaryTea was once again thrown into Boston Harbor to mark the 245th anniversary of the Boston Tea Party. Political Cartoon Published After Boston Tea Party Up For AuctionA. Trevor Noah and The World’s Fakest News Team tackle the biggest stories in news, politics and pop culture. Early Life About Benjamin Franklin Interesting Us History Topics Now he’s turned his attention to one of the touchiest topics in today’s news. You’re tied up in the legal system. How was. They search for employees that have a history of making contributions. My company’s rise and development is interesting due to the context in which it started. It’s possible John Adams once said that without the pen of Thomas Paine, the sword of George Washington “would have been raised in vain. democratic style to reach the broadest readership – which his book did. As ignominious as the end was, however, Thomas. Paine was criticising monarchy, for the same reason that he was opposed to the House of Lords: it stood in the way of man’s ability to exercise his. Hitch was a self-proclaimed antitheist – not simply someone who did not believe in God, but also who was in opposition to such a totalitarian concept. A crusader for rationality with Thomas Paine. How did we get to the stage where we’re talking about 16 and 17 year olds, should they have the right to vote. says Prof Gerard Carruthers of Glasgow University. "Men like Thomas Paine and other. Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain) was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, He calls the Revolutionary generation "the children of the twice-born". Although Morris did much to restore his reputation in 1780 and 1781, the. But for this quirk of fate, Paine would have been executed the following. Thomas Paine Common Sense [1776] Introduction. Perhaps the sentiments contained in the following pages, are not yet sufficiently fashionable to procure them general favor; a long habit of not thinking a thing wrong, gives it a superficial appearance of being right, and raises at first a formidable outcry in defence of custom. But tumult soon subsides. Time makes more converts than re May 29, 2018. Both of us have written books about Thomas Paine. Early in my research I encountered the claim that Paine did not sew corsets, but rather ship sails. Sarah: Writing narrative nonfiction for children is a balancing act. One of the most outspoken of these Deists was Thomas Paine. In. of what kind of world we will have once everyone on our planet Earth learns about Deism, and many of them leave the "revealed". That pamphlet, of course, is “Common Sense,” by Thomas Paine. And never in the history of the world did 48 pages have so much impact — a little. The future of our children and grandchildren depend. A day after his son’s funeral, Thomas Paine. my God, you have to secure your firearms in order to protect your children. And there is a certain level of responsibility [in Paine’s case] that has to. It has its roots in the Vietnam War and even goes back to Thomas Paine. I first became curious about the origins of the term “Winter Soldier” after hearing. about villages being destroyed, women. Full text of Thomas Paine’s –Common Sense–This is not inflaming or exaggerating matters, but trying them by those feelings and affections which nature justifies, and without which, we should be incapable of discharging the social duties of life, or enjoying the felicities of it. Did George Washington raise hemp? Did he smoke it? Was he gay? The easy answers are definitely, probably, and maybe. The questions arise with pre-publication of the shocking satire PASSIONS OF THE. Boston Tea Party Importance Feb 17, 2011. [The Americans] were swelled with their own Importance, & had felt so little. In December 1773 in the famous 'Boston Tea Party' protestors. Learn about Boston Seaport District with our complete information guide featuring historical facts, map, pictures, and things to do nearby. Boston Tea Party, the Key Event for the Revolutionary	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1577
__label__wiki	0.878768	0.878768	Out of stockNotify when in stock QE1 - April 2001 Robert Manne In Denial The stolen generations and the Right In this national bestseller Robert Manne attacks the right-wing campaign against the Bringing them home report that revealed how thousands of Aboriginal children had been taken from their parents. What was the role of Paddy McGuinness as editor of Quadrant? How reliable was the evidence that led newspaper columnists from Piers Akerman in the Sydney Daily Telegraph to Andrew Bolt in the Melbourne Herald Sun to deny the gravity of the injustice done? In a powerful indictment of past government policies towards the indigenous Australians, Robert Manne has written a brilliant polemical essay which doubles as a succinct history of how indigenous Australians were mistreated and an exposure of the ignorance of those who want to deny that history. Correspondence discussing Quarterly Essay 1, In Denial: Ron Brunton Inga Clendinnen Michael Duffy Robert Manne is professor of politics at La Trobe University and a regular commentator with the Age, the Sydney Morning Herald and ABC radio and television. His most recent books include Goodbye to All That?: On the Failure of Neo-liberalism and the Urgency of Change, Making Trouble: Essays Against the New Australian Complacency, Quarterly Essay 43, Bad News: Murdoch's Australian and the Shaping of the Nation and The Words That Made Australia: How a Nation Came to Know Itself. A powerful indictment of past government policies towards Aboriginal Australians. In Denial is not a book of history. It is a political intervention. By holding an influential section of the Right to account-Manne was exercising the kind of responsibility often demanded of public intellectuals. Raimond Gaita In complex intellectual conflicts, there will always be argument about whether the antagonists are committed to finding the truth or to winning the battle. This essay tells us that Robert Manne is intent on finding the truth. Morag Fraser In Denial is a work of both the head and the heart. It is carefully researched and powerfully expressed. It needs to be widely read. The Honourable P.J. Keating Robert Manne has made an important contribution to the continuing debate and in doing so has helped launch a new and important venture. Henry Reynolds	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1578
__label__wiki	0.61157	0.61157	Gaels weekend road round-up: week 10 The women’s hockey team (7-4-0-0) was the lone Queen’s team on the road this weekend, losing to the Nipissing Lakers (4-3-4-0) while defeating the Laurentian Voyageurs (3-5-1-2).Continue... One last shot for the Graham brothers Teammates are used to people confusing them for siblings—but for Kingston locals and Gaels forwards Jesse and Tanner Graham, the assumption isn’t unfounded.Continue... Season grades for fall varsity teams Grading fall performances for Queen’s varsity teams followed months of close evaluation. We considered each individual team’s pre-season expectations and whether they followed through on them. It’s a highly subjective, unscientific process that’s based off the backbreaking losses, hair-raising wins and shocking athletic plays that happened throughout the season.Continue... Men’s rugby win 24th Turner Trophy After a perfect season for the men’s rugby team, the Turner Trophy is staying home. On Sunday, the Gaels (10-0) won their 24th OUA championship after a commanding 48-10 win over the Guelph Gryphons (8-2).Continue... Men’s hockey earns pair of home victories After two road trips, the men’s hockey team returned to the Memorial Centre for a pair of games against the Université de Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR) Patriotes this weekend, defeating them 5-2 on Friday and 3-2 on Saturday.Continue... Men’s and women’s basketball impress in home openers In their home-opening weekend, the men’s and women’s basketball teams put up strong performances.Continue... Gaels weekend road round-up: week 9 The men’s and women’s volleyball teams spent the weekend squaring off against McMaster and Brock.Continue... Women’s rugby end season at U Sports championships After winning only one of three matches, the women’s rugby team closed their season with a sixth-place finish at the U Sports national championships.Continue... MacDougall sisters sprint through Canada Last fall, Brogan MacDougall had her choice of school at her fingertips—all she had to do was give the nod.Continue... Women's soccer bounced early in OUA Final Four Two losses against the province’s top teams at the OUA Final Four left the women’s soccer team with a frustrating end to their 2018-19 season last weekend.Continue... Men's and women's cross country eye podium on home soil Going into this weekend’s U Sports National Championships, cross country head coach Steve Boyd said it’s no secret: they can win everything.Continue... Rowers collect seven medals at national regatta This season, Queen’s rowing’s harbored an unwavering confidence—their results at the Canadian University Rowing Championships (CURC) last weekend were proof.Continue... Men's rugby going for gold in OUA final The Waterloo Warriors gave the men’s rugby team everything they had on Saturday, but it wasn’t enough to top the province’s only undefeated squad.Continue... It was a big weekend on the road for Queen’s, with eight teams featuring in varsity action across Ontario.Continue... Point-Counterpoint: Does cannabis have a place in sports? The Journal’ s sports editors trade takes on whether weed should be a legal substance for athletes.Continue... Queen’s rowing claim 11 medals at OUA championships Queen’s rowing is only comfortable in first place, and they proved it at the OUA championships last Friday.Continue... Cross country win big at OUA Championships Things didn’t go as planned for Head Coach Steve Boyd’s cross country teams at the OUA Championships last Saturday. They went better.Continue... Men’s basketball relying on versatility for 2018-19 season After finishing last season with an 11-12 record and losing their last four games, the men’s basketball team is ready to improve as they open their 2018-19 campaign.Continue... This week, women's rugby player Sophie de Goede was named U Sports Rugby Player of the Year, seven Gaels soccer players received OUA All-Star honours, and the men's basketball team managed to crack the top ten U Sports rankings for the first time since their 2007-08 season.Continue... Women’s soccer moves to OUA Final Four For the fourth straight season, the women’s soccer team (9-3-5) is headed to the OUA Final Four.Continue...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1579
__label__wiki	0.512601	0.512601	Welcome To The Team, Mateus Herdy The Quiksilver family just got a little more spark. We’re proud to announce the signing of 17-year-old Brazilian surfer Mateus Herdy. Born to a well-known surfing family in Florianopolis, Mateus has earned a reputation of his own in the surf world. He’s won a varsity of international events, including the 2015 TCT World Championships at Lower Trestles, and released a handful of must-watch edits from trips all over the globe. His surfing is fast, fiery and futuristic — and it keeps on getting better and better. “I’m super excited to join the Quiksilver team,” Mateus said. “The brand has such a deep history in surfing and I look up to a lot of the guys that are currently on the team. I’m stoked to do some trips with everybody and represent Quiksilver in Brazil!” According to Mateus, the future of surfing is going to be all about going bigger, higher and deeper. Thanks to surfers like him, that future starts now.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1580
__label__cc	0.623763	0.376237	SIDDHARTHA JAIN Sid is a Product and Organisational Innovation Management and Protection Consultant. He has a passion for simplifying complex challenges, delivering actionable consumer-centric innovation and protection strategies, and leading them through to commercialisation. He has over 15 years of international experience in diverse industries and MNC’s, covering the full spectrum of the product life cycle. Having successfully built bottom-up teams, corporate capabilities and launched several products under his leadership & guidance. The two main motivators for Sid’s career are: – Innovation for simplification – Not only simplifying people’s lives, but also streamlining innovations and products to deliver an end-to-end value for businesses. – Innovation to be a leader – To be a leader in solving consumer problems versus unmet needs and to become a pioneer; a disruptive innovation leader in global value creation and addition. Sid grew up in India to a family of Engineers. The son of an Engineering Professor, he was exposed to technological innovations from childhood. At age 12, he dreamed of making his own robot, which he accomplished during his Bachelor’s Degree by developing a 3 DOF articulate robotic arm. Clearly destined to be an engineer, he completed his Bachelors of Engineering in Industrial and Production. He first worked for an automotive ancillary in India, where he strived to innovate in ergonomic automated processes to improve productivity, quality and operators lives. To broaden his knowledge in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, he went on to complete a Masters of Engineering in Mechatronics, where he conducted research on MEMS Actuators for Hard Disk Drives. Since then he has also collaborated on multiple side projects like nanotechnology thin films and image processing for tsunami sand characterisation to facilitate the development of prediction models. Sid has worked for companies such as Western Digital, Altran, Philips, Douwe Egberts (Sara Lee), Unilever and British American Tobacco.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1581
__label__wiki	0.723726	0.723726	>Make Room for Refugees (Pittsburgh Post-Gazette) Make Room for Refugees by Olga Oliker It's time to help the Iraqis who've helped us, argues international policy analyst After the Vietnam War, nearly 1 million Vietnamese came to America. After the 1991 Gulf War, more than 20,000 Iraqis were resettled in the United States. Over the past 30 years, hundreds of thousands of refugees from the Soviet Union, Cuba, Bosnia, Somalia and many other countries have found safe haven in the United States. These immigrants came to a nation of immigrants. Like those who arrived before them, they have contributed to American science, literature, business, arts and daily life. I, myself, came to America as a political refugee, fleeing Soviet persecution. Like so many others, my family and I were welcomed and offered generous support. Today, tens of thousands of Iraqis are in grave danger, targeted because they have worked with the United States. Many have been murdered. Others have fled their homes because of attacks or threats. These Iraqis have joined some 4 million others displaced by the raging violence in their country. Thousands continue to flee their homes every week, despite a reduction in civilian casualties over the past few months. Many want to come to America, and we should welcome them. Our society would gain from this highly educated and capable group of people, who would contribute no less than have others. Iraqi immigrants also could help improve our understanding of the Middle East. But with only a small number of exceptions, the Iraqis who want to come to America cannot. Even with welcome recent steps by the State Department and Department of Homeland Security to speed the processing of Iraqi refugees, the situation promises to only get worse because current procedures are insufficient. Why? First, U.S. efforts to help refugees in Iraq have been concentrated in neighboring Jordan. Jordan has now closed its borders to Iraqis, overwhelmed by the hundreds of thousands already there. Most Iraqis who have fled (often traversing dangerous territory and paying dearly to secure passage) are in Syria. Difficult U.S.-Syria relations have precluded the Department of Homeland Security from deploying staff there. Syria, moreover, also has now closed its borders. As a result, the vast majority of Iraqis at risk because of their ties to the United States are not eligible for the refugee program. They are trapped in Iraq, in increasing peril, because none of their neighbors will let them in. Second, processing still takes too long and has too many steps. To find a new home, Iraqi refugees first must register with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Those fortunate enough are selected as candidates for the U.S. refugee program. Then they must undergo months-long security checks and homeland-security interviews. In fiscal year 2007, fewer than 1,700 Iraqis were admitted to America. While improved procedures brought about 800 more in October and November, this is but a tiny dent in the backlog. While Iraqis wait, whether in Jordan, Syria or another country of first refuge, they live in precarious circumstances. Most cannot get work, health care or education for their children. They are charged exorbitant prices for housing. Their money — likely their life savings — evaporates rapidly. Many are forced to return to Iraq, not because security has improved, but because they cannot stay in Syria or Jordan. Third, no effort has been made to help more Iraqi refugees in the future. What happens if U.S. troops withdraw or significantly draw down? If Iraqis who helped America are in danger now, think of how much danger they would face then. How should the United States respond? First, policy makers should allow Iraqis who have worked with U.S. officials, contractors, military personnel or the media to apply directly for resettlement in the United States rather than having to first apply through the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Most major resettlements to the United States were handled in this way, freeing the United Nations to help millions of others. Second, as proposed by legislation currently under consideration on Capitol Hill, the departments of State and Homeland Security should start processing Iraqis as refugees while they are still in Iraq, which could save tens of thousands of lives. This would be hard, but not impossible. Homeland security staff would have to deploy to Iraq to carry out interviews, but they already visit Iraq to naturalize new citizens. Iraqis who work with U.S. personnel could be processed at the facilities where they already have undergone security screenings. Interviews could be conducted at U.S. military bases or reconstruction-team sites for those refugees who cannot reach Baghdad. Video conferencing could be employed. Third, U.S. officials should prepare for the emergency evacuation of thousands of Iraqis who have worked with the United States in case of a crisis or a major U.S. drawdown. Staff should compile lists of individuals and families and develop contingency plans. This would be impossible to do during a crisis, so it must be done now. Untold thousands of Iraqis have risked their lives to help America. America now must help them. Olga Oliker is a senior international policy analyst at the nonprofit RAND Corp. and worked as an adviser to the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq (oliker@rand.org). This commentary originally appeared in Pittsburgh Post-Gazette on December 16, 2007. Commentary gives RAND researchers a platform to convey insights based on their professional expertise and often on their peer-reviewed research and analysis. International Humanitarian Assistance Previous Blog PostOur Misplaced Yuan WorriesNext Blog PostLong-Term Instability?	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1582
__label__wiki	0.923939	0.923939	19 LISTS What's In a Name?Lists about and ranking the best, worst, most interesting, and most surprising names of real people, normal and famous. Famous People with the Same Real Name Celebrities Who Use Stage Names Worst Celebrity Baby Names All the Names on Sister Wives The Names of 19 Kids and Counting Songs with a Girl's Names in the Title The Most Iconic Famous First Names Famous People with Very Long Names Authors Who Used Nom de Plumes Celebs Whose Names You Can't Spell The Real Names of 100 Rappers Famous People Named After Places 2019 Celeb Baby Names, Ranked Celebrities Who Have Alter Egos Perfectly Matched Couple Names Full Names of Single-Name Celebs The Real Names of Wrestlers The Stories Behind Famous Stage Names Girl Names That Used to Be Boy Names Photo: Eric Weiss Celebrities Famous People Whose Last Name Is Russell 5.8k views 100 items Being a fairly common name, it's no surprise there are a lot of famous people with the last name Russell. Do you recognize all the celebrities whose last name is Russell on this list? Although not all of these people are related, they are all famous people with Russell as their surname. From athletes and actors to musicians and political figures, this list provides images of each famous Russell along with information about their lives. If your surname is also Russell, you very well could be related to some of the well-known people on this list. Examples of famous Russells include Kurt Russell, Bill Russell, and Keri Russell, but there are plenty of others on this list to learn about other than just those three. If you want to know more about each celebrity Russell, click their corresponding row and more information will appear. In some cases you can click the person's name and see what other lists of ours they are ranked on. Kurt Russell age 67 Kurt Vogel Russell is an American actor. His first roles were as a child in television series, including a lead role in the Western series The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters. In the late 1960s, he ...more Bill Russell age 85 William Felton "Bill" Russell is an American retired professional basketball player. Russell played center for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association from 1956 to ...more Keri Russell age 42 Keri Lynn Russell (born March 23, 1976) is an American actress and dancer. After appearing in a number of made-for-television films and series during the mid-1990s, she came to fame for ...more Jane Russell Dec. at 90 (1921-2011) Ernestine Jane Geraldine Russell, was an American film actress in the 1940s and 1950s. Russell moved from the Midwest to California, where she had her first film role in 1943 with The Outlaw. In ...more Kris Russell age 31 Kris Russell is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman and an alternate captain for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League. He was a third round selection, 67th overall, of the ...more David O. Russell age 60 David Owen Russell is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. His early directing career includes Spanking the Monkey, Flirting with Disaster, Three Kings and I Heart Huckabees. ...more Rosalind Russell Dec. at 69 (1907-1976) Rosalind Russell was an American actress of stage and screen, known for her role as fast-talking newspaper reporter Hildy Johnson in the Howard Hawks screwball comedy His Girl Friday, as well as ...more JaMarcus Russell age 33 JaMarcus Trenell Russell is a former American football quarterback. Russell played college football for the LSU Tigers where he finished 21–4 as a starter and was named MVP of the 2007 Sugar ...more Bertrand Russell Dec. at 98 (1872-1970) Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, social critic and political activist. At various points in his ...more Betsy Russell age 55 Betsy Russell is an American actress who is best known for her role in Private School, and as Jill Tuck, one of the primary characters of the Saw film series. Leon Russell age 76 Leon Russell is an American musician and songwriter, who has recorded as a session musician, sideman, and maintained a solo career in music. Gail Russell Dec. at 37 (1924-1961) Gail Russell was an American film and television actress. Ken Russell Dec. at 84 (1927-2011) Henry Kenneth Alfred "Ken" Russell was an English film director, known for his pioneering work in television and film and for his flamboyant and controversial style. He attracted ...more Theresa Russell age 61 Theresa Russell is an American actress. Cameron Russell age 31 Cameron Russell is an American fashion model. Reb Russell Dec. at 84 (1889-1973) Ewell Albert "Reb" Russell was a Major League Baseball player for the Chicago White Sox and the Pittsburgh Pirates. Russell was drafted by the White Sox as a pitcher in 1912. In his ...more Brenda Russell age 69 Brenda Russell is an American-Canadian singer-songwriter and keyboardist. Known for her eclectic musical style, her recordings have encompassed several different genres, including pop, soul, ...more Nipsey Russell Dec. at 87 (1918-2005) Julius "Nipsey" Russell was an American comedian, best known today for his appearances as a guest panelist on game shows from the 1960s through the 1990s, especially Match Game, ...more David Russell age 66 David Russell is a classical guitarist. He plays Matthias Dammann guitars. D'Angelo Russell age 22 De'Anthony Melton (born May 28, 1998) is an American professional basketball player for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected by the Houston Rockets in ...more Arthur Russell Dec. at 41 (1951-1992) Arthur Russell was an American cellist, composer, singer and musician whose work spanned the genres of classical, disco, experimental, folk and rock. Notable artists who collaborated with ...more Willy Russell age 71 William "Willy" Russell is a British dramatist, lyricist and composer. His best-known works are Educating Rita, Shirley Valentine, Blood Brothers and Our Day Out. Adam Russell age 35 Adam William Russell is an American professional baseball pitcher who is currently a free agent. In 2004, Russell was selected by the Chicago White Sox in the sixth round as the 179th overall Darrell Russell Died at 29 (1976-2005) Darrell Anthony Russell, Jr. was an American football defensive lineman for the Oakland Raiders and Washington Redskins of the National Football League. He died in a car crash near Los Angeles ...more Hey There! Please only add items that are relevant to this list topic. Filed Under: People PeopleEntertainmentCelebritiestop 100top 10 11 People Who Had Plastic Surgery to Look Like a Celebrity The Most Beautiful Women of All Time 17 People Who Have Been Banned from SNL Which Instruments Do You Wish You Could Play? 14 Celebrites Who Married People They Barely Knew The Most Beautiful Women In Hollywood The Worst A-List Hollywood Actors The Longest Hollywood Marriages The Smartest Celebrities The Top 50 People with the Most Twitter Followers 17 Famous Deaf People The Druggiest Rock Stars of All Time Remembering The Bone Wars: The Feud That Created And Almost Destroyed Paleontology The 20 Most Epic Wedding FAILs of All Time The Best New Female Artists The Hottest Men Over 40 The Best Scottish Actors Working Today Celebrities Hollywood Forced on Us Who Is the Coolest Actor in the World Right Now? The Best (Male) Actors Working Today The Best New Male Artists The Best Actors in Film History The Best Singers of All Time The Greatest New Female Vocalists of the Past 10 Years washed up celebrities 2017 northwest missouri state university alumni famous black athletes from mississippi taylor swift teeth john carradine grandchildren 80s hair bands list famous stroke victims famous people from delaware kool aid flavors 2018 clay aiken age	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1583
__label__wiki	0.972109	0.972109	Entertainment Kim Possible Cast List Kim Possible cast list, including photos of the actors when available. This list includes all of the Kim Possible main actors and actresses, so if they are an integral part of the show you'll find them below. You can various bits of trivia about these Kim Possible stars, such as where the actor was born and what their year of birth is. This cast list of actors from Kim Possible focuses primarily on the main characters, but there may be a few actors who played smaller roles on Kim Possible that are on here as well. You can vote for any of these items, from Brad Garrett to R. Lee Ermey If you are wondering, "Who are the actors from Kim Possible?" or "Who starred on Kim Possible?" then this list will help you answer those questions. In most cases you can click on the names of these popular Kim Possible actors and actresses to find out more information about them. If you're looking for a particular Kim Possible actor or actress, then type their name into the "search" bar to find them directly. A.J. Trauth Kim Possible, Even Stevens, Wish Kids Andrew James Trauth, commonly known as A.J. Trauth is an American actor and musician. He is best known for playing the character of Alan "Twitty" on Even Stevens, and as the voice of ...more Anneliese van der Pol That's So Raven, Shalom Sesame, Katbot Anneliese Louise van der Pol is a Dutch-American actress and singer. After an early career in musical theatre, she was cast as Chelsea Daniels in the Disney Channel Original Series That's So ...more Christy Carlson Romano Kim Possible, Even Stevens Christy Carlson Romano is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role in the sitcom Even Stevens and as the voice of the title character in the animated series Kim Possible. She ...more Earl Boen Kim Possible, A Pup Named Scooby-Doo, The Pirates of Dark Water Earl Boen is an American actor. He has starred in films, television series, animated series, radio programs and video games. He is perhaps best known as criminal psychologist Dr. Peter Silberman ...more Gary Cole Suits, Kim Possible, American Gothic Gary Michael Cole is an American television, film actor and voice artist. Born in Park Ridge, Illinois and attended Illinois State University but did not graduate. Cole began his professional ...more Ashley Tisdale Phineas and Ferb, High School Musical, Kim Possible Ashley Michelle Tisdale is an American actress, singer, and producer. During her childhood, she appeared in more than 100 TV advertisements and had roles in theatre and television shows. In ...more Jean Smart 24, Fargo, Designing Women Jean Elizabeth Smart is an American film, television and stage actress. She starred from 1986 to 1991 as Charlene Frazier Stillfield in the CBS sitcom Designing Women, before going on to win two ...more John DiMaggio Futurama, Adventure Time, Teen Titans John William DiMaggio is an American voice actor and comedian, best known for his work as Bender from the television show Futurama, Jake the Dog on Adventure Time, Wakka and Kimahri from Final ...more Brad Garrett Everybody Loves Raymond, The Transformers, Justice League Brad Garrett is an American actor and stand-up comedian. He has appeared in numerous television and film roles. Garrett was initially successful as a stand-up comedian in the early 1980s. Taking ...more Kirsten Storms Kim Possible, Days of Our Lives, General Hospital: Night Shift Kirsten Renee Storms is an American actress. She played Isabella "Belle" Black on the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives from 1999 to 2004. In 2005, Storms was cast as the character ...more Nancy Cartwright The Simpsons, Rugrats, Animaniacs Nancy Jean Cartwright is an American voice artist, film and television actress, and comedian. She is known for her long-running role as Bart Simpson on the animated television series The ...more Nestor Carbonell Lost, Bates Motel, Kim Possible Nestor Gastón Carbonell is an American actor, known for portraying Richard Alpert in ABC's drama Lost and Mayor Anthony Garcia in the films The Dark Knight and The Dark Knight Rises. He ...more Dante Basco Avatar: The Last Airbender, Ultimate Spider-Man, American Dragon: Jake Long Dante Basco is an Actor. Nicole Sullivan The King of Queens, Kim Possible, The Penguins of Madagascar Nicole Julianne Sullivan is an American actress, comedian, and voice artist. Sullivan is best known for her six seasons on the sketch comedy series MADtv and five seasons on the CBS sitcom The ...more Patrick Warburton Family Guy, Rules of Engagement, The Venture Bros. Patrick John Warburton is an American actor. He is known for his several television roles, including the title role on The Tick, David Puddy on Seinfeld, Johnny Johnson on NewsRadio, Jeb Denton ...more Rider Strong Boy Meets World, Kim Possible, Invasion America Rider King Strong is an American actor, director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for his role as Shawn Hunter on the 1990s sitcom Boy Meets World and its 2014 sequel Girl Meets Debbie Reynolds Rugrats, Jennifer Slept Here, The Debbie Reynolds Show Debbie Reynolds is an American actress, singer, and dancer. Initially signed at age sixteen by Warner Bros., Reynolds' career got off to a slow start. When her contract was not renewed, ...more Shaun Fleming Kim Possible, Teacher's Pet, Big & Small Shaun Michael Fleming is an American actor and musician. He is best known as the drummer of the indie rock band Foxygen and the creator of his solo project Diane Coffee as well as his Disney ...more Donald Faison Scrubs, Clone High, Clueless Donald Adeosun Faison is an American actor, comedian, and voice actor best known for his leading role as Dr. Chris Turk in the ABC comedy-drama Scrubs, and a minor role as Murray in the film ...more Tahj Mowry Kim Possible, Baby Daddy, Sonic the Hedgehog Tahj Dayton Mowry is an American actor, dancer, and singer best known for his role as T.J. Henderson on The WB sitcom, Smart Guy, and as Wade on the animated comedy, Kim Possible on the Disney ...more Tom Kane The Powerpuff Girls, The Angry Beavers, Kim Possible Thomas Kane Roberts, better known as Tom Kane, is an American voice actor. Will Friedle Boy Meets World, ThunderCats, Batman Beyond William Alan "Will" Friedle is an American actor, voice actor and comedian. He is best known for his comedic roles, most notably the underachieving elder brother Eric Matthews on the ...more Felicity Huffman Desperate Housewives, Sports Night, American Crime Felicity Kendall Huffman is an American film, stage, and television actress. She has been nominated once for an Academy Award, five times for a Golden Globe Award, and has also won an Emmy ...more Justin Berfield Malcolm in the Middle, Unhappily Ever After, The Mommies Justin Tyler Berfield is an American actor, writer and producer, best known for his portrayal of Malcolm's second-oldest brother, Reese, in Malcolm in the Middle. He also starred on The WB ...more Kristen Johnston 3rd Rock from the Sun, Bored to Death, The Exes Kristen Johnston is an American stage, film, and television actress. She is most famous for her two-time Emmy Award-winning role as Sally Solomon in the television series 3rd Rock from the Sun. ...more Filed Under: TV Actors PeopleTVActorsPeople In TVKim PossibleEntertainment The Best Survivor Contestants That Ever Played 8 TV Actors Who Turned Out Just Like Their Characters The Best Things About Being Single Where Are They Now? The Cast Of Even Stevens The Sexiest Vampire Movies Ever Made Celebrities Who Weren't Born Where You Think The Family Matters Cast: Where Are They Now? The Best Re-Casting of Famous TV Roles 43 Idiots Who Picked Fights with the Wrong Guy The Best TV Shows of The Last 20 Years The Best New Netflix Original Series of the Last Few Years The Best Single Episodes in Television History The Best Kids Cartoons of All Time The Best of Premium Cable TV Series Sci-Fi Shows You Should Be Watching Now The Funniest Characters Currently on TV The Best TV Shows to Binge Watch The Best New Korean Dramas Of 2019 The Best New Shows That Premiered in 2019 TV Shows That Should Be Canceled The Best Hallmark Channel Original Movies of 2019 The Best TV Shows Returning In 2019 The Best Current TV Shows No One Is Watching The Best Lifetime Original Movies of 2019 in TV Actors: caseys hampton iowa bret michaels bald hamburger helper george w bush paintings old bmw models pictures down syndrome actress famous people who took a stand history movies 2017 houston rockets point guard sing sing prison	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1584
__label__wiki	0.920719	0.920719	Entertainment The Best Jennifer Coolidge Movies 381 votes 60 voters 11.5k views 46 items List of the best Jennifer Coolidge movies, ranked best to worst with movie trailers when available. Jennifer Coolidge's highest grossing movies have received a lot of accolades over the years, earning millions upon millions around the world. The order of these top Jennifer Coolidge movies is decided by how many votes they receive, so only highly rated Jennifer Coolidge movies will be at the top of the list. Jennifer Coolidge has been in a lot of films, so people often debate each other over what the greatest Jennifer Coolidge movie of all time is. If you and a friend are arguing about this then use this list of the most entertaining Jennifer Coolidge films to end the squabble once and for all. If you think the best Jennifer Coolidge role isn't at the top, then upvote it so it has the chance to become number one. The greatest Jennifer Coolidge performances didn't necessarily come from the best movies, but in most cases they go hand in hand. A factual list, featuring films like American Wedding and Best in Show. "This list answers the questions, "What are the best Jennifer Coolidge movies?" and "What are the greatest Jennifer Coolidge roles of all time?" Jennifer Coolidge has worked with many famous directors, including big names like John Fortenberry and Werner Herzog. Legally Blonde Reese Witherspoon, Raquel Welch, Ali Larter Legally Blonde is a 2001 American comedy film directed by Robert Luketic, written by Karen McCullah Lutz and Kirsten Smith, and produced by Marc E. Platt. It is based on the novel Legally Blonde ...more American Pie Alyson Hannigan, Tara Reid, Shannon Elizabeth American Pie is a 1999 teen comedy film written by Adam Herz and directed by brothers Paul and Chris Weitz, in their directorial film debut. It is the first film in the American Pie theatrical ...more American Pie 2 Alyson Hannigan, Tara Reid, Shannon Elizabeth American Pie 2 is a 2001 American comedy film and the sequel to the 1999 film American Pie and the second film in the American Pie film series. It was written by Adam Herz and directed by James ...more A Cinderella Story Hilary Duff, Jennifer Coolidge, Chad Michael Murray A Cinderella Story is a 2004 American teen romantic comedy film. The film stars Hilary Duff, Chad Michael Murray, Jennifer Coolidge, and Regina King and was directed by Mark Rosman. The film's ...more Best in Show Jane Lynch, Jennifer Coolidge, Parker Posey Best in Show is a 2000 American improvisational comedy film written and directed by Christopher Guest. The film follows five entrants in a prestigious dog show and focuses on the slightly ...more American Wedding Alyson Hannigan, January Jones, Willam Belli American Wedding is a 2003 American romantic comedy film and a sequel to American Pie and American Pie 2 as part of the American Pie theatrical series. It was written by Adam Herz and directed ...more Robots Halle Berry, Robin Williams, Amanda Bynes Robots is a 2005 American computer animated science fiction comedy film produced by Blue Sky Studios for Twentieth Century Fox, and was released theatrically on March 11, 2005. The story was ...more Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde Reese Witherspoon, Sally Field, Jennifer Coolidge Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde is the 2003 sequel to the 2001 film, Legally Blonde. It was produced by MGM, with Reese Witherspoon again starring as Elle Woods, Luke Wilson, Sally ...more Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events Meryl Streep, Jim Carrey, Jude Law Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events is a 2004 American fantasy dark comedy film directed by Brad Silberling. It is an adaptation of the first three novels of A Series of Unfortunate ...more Click Kate Beckinsale, Christopher Walken, David Hasselhoff Click is a 2006 American science fiction comedy-drama film directed by Frank Coraci, written by Steve Koren and Mark O'Keefe, and produced by Adam Sandler, who also starred in the lead role. The ...more Zoolander Natalie Portman, Paris Hilton, Heidi Klum Zoolander is a 2001 American comedy film directed by Ben Stiller and, starring Stiller and Owen Wilson. The film contains elements from a pair of short films directed by Russell Bates and ...more American Reunion Alyson Hannigan, Neil Patrick Harris, Tara Reid American Reunion is a 2012 ensemble comedy film written and directed by Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg. It is the fourth installment in the American Pie theatrical series and eighth ...more Date Movie Carmen Electra, Alyson Hannigan, Jennifer Coolidge Date Movie is a 2006 American parody film directed by Aaron Seltzer. Much of the story line was based on that of the romantic comedy My Big Fat Greek Wedding and Meet the Fockers. It stars ...more A Mighty Wind Jane Lynch, Jennifer Coolidge, Parker Posey A Mighty Wind is a 2003 American mockumentary comedy-drama film about a folk music reunion concert in which three folk bands reunite for a television performance for the first time in decades. ...more Epic Movie Carmen Electra, Jennifer Coolidge, Lauren Conrad Epic Movie is a 2007 American parody film directed and written by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer and produced by Paul Schiff. It was the first film to be distributed by Regency Enterprises. ...more Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me Elizabeth Hurley, Heather Graham, Will Ferrell Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me is a 1999 action comedy film and the second film in the Austin Powers series. It is preceded by the original film, Austin Powers: International Man of ...more For Your Consideration Sarah Shahi, Sandra Oh, Ricky Gervais For Your Consideration is a 2006 comedy film directed by Christopher Guest. It was co-written by Guest and Eugene Levy, and both also star in the film. The title is a phrase used in trade ...more Down to Earth Chris Rock, Wanda Sykes, Jennifer Coolidge Down to Earth is a 2001 comedy film directed by Chris and Paul Weitz and written by Chris Rock and Louis C.K. It is the third film adaptation based on Harry Segall's stageplay Heaven Can Wait, ...more A Night at the Roxbury Eva Mendes, Will Ferrell, Jennifer Coolidge A Night at the Roxbury is a 1998 American comedy film based on a recurring skit on television's long-running Saturday Night Live called "The Roxbury Guys". Saturday Night Live regulars ...more Pootie Tang Gwyneth Paltrow, Kristen Bell, Chris Rock Pootie Tang is a 2001 American comedy film written and directed by Louis C.K. Adapted from a comedy sketch that first appeared on The Chris Rock Show, the character Pootie Tang is a satire of ...more American Dreamz Carmen Electra, Mandy Moore, Willem Dafoe American Dreamz is a 2006 comedy/parody film that satirizes both American politics and popular entertainment. Director/producer/writer Paul Weitz has stated that the movie is meant to satirize ...more Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans Nicolas Cage, Eva Mendes, Val Kilmer After Katrina, police sergeant Terence McDonagh rescues a prisoner, hurts his back in the process and earns a promotion to lieutenant plus an addiction. His drug-using prostitute girlfriend, his ...more Carolina Julia Stiles, Shirley MacLaine, Barbara Eden Carolina is a 2003 romantic comedy film directed by Marleen Gorris, starring Julia Stiles, Shirley MacLaine, Alessandro Nivola, Mika Boorem, Randy Quaid, and Jennifer Coolidge. Lisa Sheridan has ...more Austenland Jane Seymour, Keri Russell, Jennifer Coolidge Austenland is a 2013 British-American romantic comedy film directed by Jerusha Hess. Based on Shannon Hale's 2007 novel of the same name and produced by author Stephenie Meyer, it stars Keri ...more Igor Jay Leno, Steve Buscemi, John Cleese Igor is a 2008 American computer animated fantasy comedy film about the stock character Igor who dreams of winning first place at the Evil Science Fair. Produced by Exodus Film Group and ...more Filed Under: Films FilmJennifer CoolidgeEntertainment The Best Movie Theater Snacks The Best Scottish Actors Working Today The Best Actors in Film History The Greatest British Actors of All Time The Best Animated Films Ever The Best, Funniest Comedy Movie Trailers of 2019 The Most Overrated Movies of All Time The Best Movies Based on Books The Best Psychological Thrillers of All Time The Best Lifetime Original Movies of 2019 The Funniest '90s Movies 'Old' Movies Every Young Person Needs To Watch In Their Lifetime List of Black Movies, Ranked Best to Worst The Best Alien Movies Ever Made The Best Fantasy Authors The Most Anticipated Movies of 2019, Ranked The All-Time Greatest Pixar Characters The Best War Movies Ever The Most Rewatchable Movies Movies With 0% On Rotten Tomatoes, Ranked By How Bad They Truly Are The Most Annoying TV and Film Characters Ever Critically Acclaimed Movies That Kinda Suck The Best Disney Live-Action Movies The Best Movie Characters of All Time the longest day how to get drug customers japanese atrocities ww2 carmen electra husband friends magna doodle simpsons season 9 episode 11 celebrities on ice drug how to become a breatharian burst of joy photo bad boys actress	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1585
__label__wiki	0.708693	0.708693	Riverside Community College District > Administration > Strategic Communications and Institutional Advancement > News > Pages > Sam-Davis-Former-Trustee-Passes-Away---October-19-1945-January-25-2019 Sam Davis, Former Trustee, Passes Away Samuel Davis, former member of the Riverside Community College District Board of Trustees, passed away on January 25. Davis served on the Board from 2011 to 2014 representing Area 5, which includes the City of Moreno Valley. “Our prayers and sympathies are with the Davis family and friends,” Tracey Vackar, RCCD Board of Trustees president, said. Davis was elected to the Board in 2010, serving one term and held the position of Board Secretary in 2012 and 2013. He represented the residents of Moreno Valley and was a Trustee who worked on the passage of Measure C, the District’s bond campaign. “Trustee Davis will be missed and will be remembered for his commitment of serving the underserved,” Chancellor Wolde-Ab Isaac said. Davis earned a bachelor’s degree in Chemistry and Biology from Texas Southern University, a master’s degree in Education from Cal State Dominguez Hills as well as a master’s degree in Public Health. A Veteran, Davis was heavily involved in the community, volunteering at his church and serving on the Riverside County Advisory Committee on Substance Abuse. A memorial service will be held on Thursday, January 31 at 11 am at Mt. Rubidoux Seventh-Day Adventist Church, 5320 Victoria Avenue in Riverside. Davis will be interned following the memorial service at the Riverside National Cemetery. Davis’ family extends an open invitation to those who knew and worked with him to attend the services.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1586
__label__wiki	0.929209	0.929209	Balkars In North Caucasus Mark Anniversary Of Stalin-Era Deportation March 08, 2018 09:09 GMT Balkars in Russia's North Caucasus region of Kabardino-Balkaria are marking the 74th anniversary of their mass deportation to Central Asia by Soviet leader Josef Stalin. Balkars are a Turkic-speaking and predominantly Muslim ethnic group that numbers an estimated 110,000 people. Prayers in the region's mosques on March 8 were dedicated to those who died during their deportation to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan between 1944 and 1957. The head of Kabardino-Balkaria, Yury Kokov, called the deportation "a monstrous crime by the criminal ruling [Soviet] regime." In a statement on March 7, Kokov said that all residents of Kabardino-Balkaria "share the bitterness of loss and honor the memory of the victims of all political repressions." About 38,000 Balkars, more than half of whom were women and children, were deported on March 8, 1944, to Central Asia by Stalin's government, which accused them of collaborating with Nazi Germany. Those who survived deportation were able to return to the North Caucasus in 1957, after the Soviet Union's Supreme Council restored the Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1591
__label__cc	0.685992	0.314008	Alexander Betts: 'We’re facing a global displacement challenge, and we need new solutions' Professor Betts talks to Al Jazeera about a recent report from the International Organization for Migration on migrant deaths in transit The report, Fatal Journeys: Tracking Lives Lost During Migration, names the Mediterranean Sea as the world's most dangerous crossing for migrants. IOM estimates that more than 3,000 migrants have died while attempting to make the crossing in 2014, far more than the 700 who died last year. While part of the increase may be reflect better record keeping, much of it can be explained by the conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa which have displaced huge numbers of people, and which show no sign of abating. In the article, entitled 'Mediterranean Sea the world’s deadliest migrant crossing, report says', Professor Betts argues that the EU's restrictive asylum policy is part of the problem: 'Europe has traditionally had a spontaneous arrival asylum policy...In Europe, if you’re going to be a refugee, you have to make it by yourself. And yet Europe and the EU have made policies increasingly restrictive, developing a Fortress Europe response.' Read the article>>	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1597
__label__cc	0.736144	0.263856	Caller Considers Run for Office RUSH: This is Grant in Comfort, Texas. Nice to have you on the program, sir. Hello. CALLER: Howdy. Dittos. RUSH: Howdy! CALLER: I’m just a guy out here in the Texas Hill Country trying to figure out how to best contribute to the un-remaking of my country, and it dawns on me to possibly run for office. RUSH: What kind of office? CALLER: Oh, well, heh. To be determined, but I’m thinking the House. It looks like we could use some help there. And I’ve been thinking about this for some weeks now. We’ve got a lot of bloggers on our side, we’ve gotta lot of thinkers on our side, we’ve got a lot of support from conservative radio, but in the end, someone… RUSH: What do you mean? Hold on. You’ve already floated the idea to people and you’re getting positive feedback on your idea to run for office? CALLER: No, actually this would be my maiden voyage. RUSH: No, no. You say you’ve got support from bloggers. What do you mean? You’ve told them…? CALLER: Well, I say ‘we’ as a conservatives have. RUSH: Oh, oh. You got an army out there, a network of people that would support your candidacy if you theoretically decided to go for it? CALLER: Well, I’m not entirely sure of that. What I know is… The point is, we got a lot of people on the periphery, what I call cheerleaders, and some of us have got to get on the battlefield; and, yeah, you know, I’m thinking about setting aside my private practice and taking a crack at it. RUSH: What is your private practice? What do you practice privately? CALLER: I’m a lone wolf consulting engineer, and I run projects for a living, among other things. RUSH: Hmm. Interesting. CALLER: Fifty-two-year-old guy, and, you know, got a wife and a dog and a business. But anyway, I’m listening to your monologue yesterday, and you’re hitting on budget points that mirror my own, all very encouraging to me. So I thought I’d call to get your take on my biggest dilemma about this. Well, the first biggest dilemma is what do I do to make a living if I’m not making a living. But aside from that, if I’m to do this, and if any citizen candidate is to do this, how is running as a Republican not a waste of time? And if it is a waste of time, and if a third party candidacy is even worse for conservatives, how does one proceed? RUSH: Well, I need to ask you some questions here before I answer you. CALLER: Okay. RUSH: The first thing, how do you make a living when you’re not working? You mean when you’re doing your campaign? CALLER: Exactly. I have two full-time jobs. RUSH: Well, lot of other candidates have figured out how to steal. I think you should investigate that. CALLER: (laughing) RUSH: (laughing) I’m just kidding. I’m just… CALLER: I’m afraid I have a character issue there. RUSH: I’m just kidding. I’m just kidding, just kidding. RUSH: Well, it is a factor. You’re funding raising, you can’t use that for personal expenses until you get elected (laughing) and then you can when nobody’s looking. (laughing) I’m sorry. I’m just in one of these giddy moods here today. Do you have money in the bank on which you could live while you temporarily suspend your consultancy business? CALLER: Well, sure. You know, I’ve done successful hard work in America, much to my discredit. RUSH: Well, does make you a target of this administration. I sympathize with you on that. All right, let’s get to the nub of this. The district that you live in, in the Hill Country of Texas, is that district predominantly Republican, or predominantly Democrat? CALLER: Well, that is another dilemma. I’m covered over with conservatives here — including, you know, the guy that currently holds the office in the 21st District; who I’m going to assume has got a dog and a parakeet and goes to church regularly and I’ve looked at his voting record, and, you know, it looks pretty good. RUSH: Okay, so there’s nothing wrong with this guy, then? CALLER: Well, the problem is he’s on his twelfth trip back to Washington, and my way of thinking at this point is he has no way to self-assess his own thought corruption with respect to his actions in Washington. I’m still evaluating this. This is serious. I’m seriously evaluating this, and the question is: You know, as a guy that’s been there 12 times, is he going to have the blood pressure necessary to push over the hump that’s coming our way in the next two years? RUSH: Well, only you can answer that because you’re in his district. You’re monitoring how he votes and how he behaves. I have to think that if you’re thinking of challenging him in a primary race to run for his seat, you have to think that there’s something wrong with the way he’s doing the job, otherwise you wouldn’t engage it. CALLER: Well, again, it boils down to a sense of how much vigor is there. I don’t see outrage in the Republican Party anywhere in Washington right now. RUSH: I know. I spoke about that at length yesterday. The golden opportunity that exists, especially now, to contrast our views with theirs with this joke of a search for a Supreme Court nominee. I mean, this is even more ammo for our side. Look, I applaud you wanting to run. I have so many people e-mail me and call me saying, ‘You keep it up! You keep it up! What are we going to do about this?’ and, ‘What are we going to do?’ and I keep writing back, ‘What are ‘we’ gonna do? What are you doing about it?’ RUSH: Well, you actually want to grab something in your hands here, go do something about it. So if you do this, and you’re going to do this as a conservative, it’s going to matter what party that you’re a member of. But if you’re going to do this, do not hire a consultant or a campaign advisor or anybody who is going to talk you out of your conservatism as a means of ‘appealing to a broader segment’ of the electorate. This is something famous going on in the Republican Party right now. ‘You’ve gotta reach out, gotta get some moderates, gotta get some…’ That’s not why you’re running. You’re running to stop Obama. You want to help the effort to stop Obama. You’ve gotta be who you are after you’re elected, too. You campaign as a conservative, I guarantee you you’ll have much more success turning out a fired-up base that wants to vote for you if you remain true to what’s in your heart and mind. And then if you do happen to get elected, when you get up there, keep it up. Don’t waver and don’t change. The pressure will be tremendous on you to ‘moderate your views’ and so forth, but, look, I really admire you wanting to actually get in the game and, quote, unquote, ‘make a difference’ because you’re so fed up. But I’ve never run for office. I’ve never looked at seriously what that would take. I’m just a philosopher here on this kind of thing, that some might call me a strategerist in a way. But it’s like I said at this Milken forum the other night, there were three guys up there, Gillespie — and I like them all, Willie Brown and Harold Ford. They’re all politicians. They look at politics differently than I do. When you look at politics as getting votes, when you look at politics as a matter of getting policy passed, you have to have a totally different view of it than I do — and you have to pander to certain people and groups. Sometimes you have to say things you don’t really believe. I couldn’t do it. I couldn’t do it the way it’s apparently done by most people. And if you’re going to do it and you’ve got a fired-up reason to do it, then just follow your heart and mind as to where your motivation comes from. You’d be surprised at the success that you have. You can play up the fact you’re an average guy all you want but it’s going to be your issues. It’s going to be your opinions on things and what you claim you want to do with the power you will have when you get there that will really affect who votes for you. You can overplay, I think, this ‘average Joe’ thing, because every politician does it. They all came from wrong side of the tracks; they all came from poverty. They’ve all seen misery. They all say, ‘My daddy spanked me I can’t tell you how many times when I was growing up!’ It’s all part of the formula. Be genuine. Be genuine, and you’ll win in a landslide. RUSH: Now, a guy asked me just a moment ago — and I forgot, in advising him, if he’s going to run for office, I forgot the most important thing, sadly. It just goes to show you how my instincts are still naive on this. That is, ladies and gentlemen, the whole notion of money. What was the man’s name, what was the man’s name? Grant in Comfort, Texas. Grant, you got to out-raise, you got to have more money than everybody else. I mean, the mayor of Indianapolis won with no money. It’s very rare, though, when that happens. But you do have to go out and raise money, and that’s another reason I couldn’t be in politics. To this day, I don’t like asking people for a ride because then they’re going to go ask me for a ride somewhere down the road. I can’t stick my hand out and ask people for money. I just would never, ever be able to do it ’cause they’re all gonna want to get paid back somehow. But that’s one of the requirements. He called the right person, nevertheless.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1599
__label__wiki	0.534777	0.534777	Resentment Motivates Obama RUSH: Let me grab a quick phone call before we go to the break. It’s Patricia in Wilmington, North Carolina, nice to have you on the EIB Network. Hello. CALLER: A pleasure to speak to you, Rush. CALLER: First of all on Obama, this is a guy that when the market tanked the first time he laughed, and someone must have told him to knock it off because it didn’t look good. My husband said, ‘How dare that arrogant son of a gun laugh when people are losing their investments?’ But to see him the way I see him is he’s going to get even with us. Those of us who have worked, saved our money, retired in comfort and taught our kids that this is the way to do it, he’s going to get even with us. RUSH: Well, I don’t remember him laughing. CALLER: Ohhh, he laughed. Yes, he did. RUSH: Well, what was the…? Give me the specifics of this. CALLER: The first time that the market tanked. RUSH: When? CALLER: Shortly after he took over as president, the market fell. And it seemed like every time he spoke the market fell, and he came out and they said, ‘Well, what do you think about the market?’ He says, ‘Well, I can’t really worry about that, you know, because — RUSH: Oh, okay — CALLER: — the market goes up and the market goes down.’ RUSH: Oh, yeah. Yeah. We don’t pay attention to the market — RUSH: — every day in putting our policies together. Yeah, yeah, yeah. CALLER: Exactly, yes. RUSH: Okay you’ve nailed it. You are a sitting duck. You’re a target. You’re a retiree. You’ve got some money, and in his view, you unfairly got it. Look, I keep saying it. Repetition is sometimes necessary, however. If you want to understand economics as practiced under Obama you just have to understand his objective is return the nation’s wealth to its, quote, unquote, ‘rightful owners,’ and the rightful owners are union members and the poor, the nonproducers. In his view, they’ve all been shafted. That’s why they don’t have any money. They’ve been shafted by the people that do have the money. You know, there’s an element of this, too, folks, that is personal that I have not expressed it to you before. You may have heard it from somebody else; I don’t know. Obama, if you look — and there have been recent stories about how his family lived way beyond its means, even before the books were published and the royalties came in, that they were second mortgaging their house and borrowing. Remember Michelle running around making speeches how hard it was to make ends meet, $10,000 for piano lessons and all that during the campaign. All of these liberals have somehow gotten away over the years with convincing people the last thing they care about is money, and I think they care about it more than anybody. All these charities, these nonprofits, they care about money as much as anybody. They just act like they don’t. The nonprofits, the whole term ‘nonprofit’ is to make you think they don’t care about money, that they’re into just good works. But obviously they can’t do their good works without somebody giving them money. But I think if you look at the trail you must follow to end up in some form of government service, there’s no question that for the vast majority of people in it your trail takes you through Ivy League schools — Harvard being the preferable one, then Yale, and then the rest them, Cornell, Brown. Not to leave anybody out, these are ivy leagues. But these people come out of there… They go in arrogant. They go in as we’re the smartest people in the world because we got in here. They come out of there even worse. And I think they have and they hold a deep resentment for people whom they consider to be half as smart and half as educated, having much more money that they have. So I think there’s a personal element to this in addition to an ideological element of wanting to return the nation’s wealth to its rightful owners. I think there’s a deep-seated resentment on the left for the rich except their own rich, and I think that these people in government think tanks… Well, not so much think tanks but the bureaucracies of government who have all of this education, were making a G-13 salary. Those who have it come from family wealth and inherited it, and they look around and they see Fred Slobodnik, who started from nothing with a widget factory in Oshkosh, who’s got what he’s got. And they look at Fred Slobodnik as an absolute idiot, somebody they’d be embarrassed to be in the same room with. He’s 25 times as financially successful as they are, and it rubs ’em wrong. I’m guessing here, but I think Obama is one of these type people. How much did community organizing pay him? It’s whatever you could steal, right? Well, whatever you could siphon from whatever donations were coming in. How much did it pay? How much did being a law professor at the University of Chicago pay? It didn’t. He had to get help from Tony Rezko to buy a house. He had to get his wife a-no-show job at a Chicago hospital until the book royalties came in. It’s just my two cents, but usually my two cents are worth a hundred bucks. Never forget that.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1600
__label__wiki	0.661722	0.661722	Map of Moray Spey, River River Spey at Loch Insh, from the Old Kirk at Kincraig Rising in the Monadhliath Mountains to the west of Laggan in Highland Council Area, the River Spey flows 100 miles (160 km) east and northeast into Moray where it joins the sea at Spey Bay. It has a catchment area of 3367 sq. km (1300 sq. miles) and on its route to the Moray Firth it passes the towns of Newtonmore, Kingussie, Aviemore, Grantown-on-Spey, Charlestown of Aberlour, Craigellachie, Rothes and Fochabers. The Spey is the second longest river in Scotland, after the Tay and its headwaters, and the seventh longest in the UK. It is however the longest in Scotland with a single name and, in terms of volume of water discharged into the sea, it ranks eighth in Britain. Much of the river was designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in 1998. Both the upper and lower reaches of the river are fast flowing with steep gradients. In its middle reaches, the river passes through the wide alluvial plain of Strathspey. Here the gradient flattens out and the river has a slow and meandering form. The mouth of the river has always been subject to change with the formation of shingle spits and the cutting of new outlets. Relatively free from pollution and obstruction, the River Spey supports a major spawning population of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and is one of the most important salmon fishing rivers in the north of Scotland. The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) spawns throughout the lower and middle reaches of the river and the more inaccessible deep water areas sustain one of the largest populations of fresh water pearl mussel in Scotland. The principal tributaries of the Spey in its upper reaches are the Truim, from Loch Ericht, and the Calder. After widening into Loch Insh, the Spey is joined by the Feshie and the Nethy which flow down from the Cairngorms and the Dulnain which flows down from the Monadhliath Mountains west of Carrbridge. Below Grantown-on-Spey the river is joined by right bank tributaries that include the Avon, Livet, Aberlour, Rinnes and Fiddich. During the 18th and 19th centuries, timber was floated down river to Kingston and Garmouth from the forests of Glenmore, Rothiemurchus and Strathspey. Today, water is diverted from the river at various points for power generation. Crossing was principally by ford or ferry until the 19th century, but one of the oldest bridges is at Garvamore, built in 1731 by General Wade. The remarkable Craigellachie Bridge was the work of Thomas Telford between 1812 and 1814. In additional to fishing, recreational uses of the river include canoeing and 'white water' rafting. A public right of navigation was established in a legal case of the Duke of Gordon versus the Grant Family in 1782, and this was revisited in 1976 when local fishing interests tried to deny access to the Cairngorm Canoeing and Sailing School (now Loch Insh Watersports Centre).	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1602
__label__wiki	0.831024	0.831024	Map of Glasgow City Lighthouse, The The Lighthouse is Scotland's Centre for Architecture, Design and the City and was the focal point for Glasgow's celebration as City of Architecture in 1999. Located on Mitchell Lane, to the west of Buchanan Street in Glasgow City Centre, it is housed within the former Glasgow Herald building which was designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868 - 1928). It has numerous levels housing exhibition space as well as the Mackintosh Interpretation Centre. Constructed in red sandstone, while Mackintosh was an apprentice with Honeyman & Keppie, the building was designed to have printing presses in the lower floors, with editorial offices above. The building gained its name from the prominent corner tower, enclosing a spiral staircase which rises to an observation platform which provides magnificent rooftop views of Glasgow. Following a £13 million conversion, involving a modern re-interpretation by Page & Park Architects, The Lighthouse was opened by HM Queen Elizabeth II in July 1999.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1603
__label__wiki	0.5197	0.5197	Female Participation Centre launched A female-only participation centre has been launched in West Region after a community consultation found out young females, especially those from an ethnic minority background, were not actively engaged in football. It has allowed girls of all backgrounds who had never before experienced football to come together in a multicultural, gender segregated, recreational environment and take part whilst providing a positive experience for them to build confidence and enhance leadership skills to become active citizens within their communities. It has also ensured more opportunities to grow participation whilst promoting integration and strengthening community and social development. As a result, there are now at least 20 diverse girls attending the programme each week to take part in recreational football and opportunities for development through structured training, games and tournaments. Furthermore, linking the girls’ group to several community clubs has been successful – it has provided a pathway for those who want to develop further. Also, the programme has been able to support the girls to enable them to progress through coaching qualifications, which have been further enhanced by a coach mentoring scheme. “Football brings different people from different backgrounds together. Communicating with each other, trusting your team mates and being confident is the key to playing football. ‘The team’ makes football beautiful. The team is made up of people from all over the world, making it a global language. That is why, as a female from a different background, I love playing football and especially as my team has brought girls from Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Scotland and elsewhere in Europe together to enjoy the sport and learn from each other.” Pinar Aksu – Female Participant West and South West Regions James Docherty Regional Office: 0141 886 7366 james.docherty@scottishfa.co.uk Hala Ousta hala.ousta@scottishfa.co.uk	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1604
__label__wiki	0.992971	0.992971	Alex Morgan, US Women's Soccer Team Honored at The ESPYS LOS ANGELES, CALIF. - The U.S. women's national soccer team celebrated its Women's World Cup victory on both coasts Wednesday, honored with a ticker tape parade in New York City before jetting to the West Coast and collecting trophies at The ESPYS. Alex Morgan won female athlete of the year and shared the best team award with her soccer mates. "Sorry, but this is probably the second-best trophy we won this week," Morgan said jokingly, hoisting her individual trophy. As she got up from the front row, Megan Rapinoe's black tuxedo jacket opened and exposed part of her left breast, which was caught by cameras showing the in-house feed of the show. An ABC spokesperson said the show would be further edited for the Mountain and Western time zones. "I've dropped the F-bomb on every stage I've been on for the last three days, so we'll just spare you that," Rapinoe told the audience. Giannis Antetokounmpo of the Milwaukee Bucks won male athlete of the year at the show honoring the past year's top athletes and moments in sports. "This is all about hard work. When you believe in your dreams this can happen," Antetokounmpo said. "Hopefully, if I keep working hard there's more to come." Comedian Tracy Morgan presided over the show at Microsoft Theater in downtown Los Angeles. Alex Morgan thanked ESPN for its recent deal to televise NWSL games. "When the World Cup is behind us, it is the professional league that we need to continually lift up and grow," she said. "Investment in women and girls should not only occur on the playing fields but in more storytelling of badass, amazing women who continue to show that we are more than just athletes." Sandra Bullock announced the best team award, saying, "All those in favor of equal pay say aye." The U.S. women's team is suing to receive pay equal to their male counterparts. "Keep fighting for equality," Billie Jean King told the team from the stage earlier in the show. Carli Lloyd informed the crowd the team had its hair and makeup done during the flight from New York. "We look pretty fabulous, I think," she said. Lloyd added, "It's been an incredible journey. Here's to the next World Cup." Other athletes acknowledged the Women's World Cup victory from the stage, including Drew Brees, winner for best record-breaking performance. "It's going to be in history forever," new New Orleans Pelicans player Lonzo Ball said on the red carpet. "I don't even watch soccer and I watched it. That means a lot." Zion Williamson, the No. 1 pick in last month's NBA draft, earned best college athlete honors for his one-and-done season at Duke. "Wish I could have stayed a second year, but I had other things to do," a smiling Williamson said. The best moment award was shared by a trio of recent retirees: Olympic skier Lindsey Vonn, NFL player Rob Gronkowski and NBA player Dwyane Wade. UCLA gymnast Katelyn Ohashi collected two trophies: best play and best viral sports moment for her floor exercise routine that earned a perfect score of 10. Ohashi accepted her best play trophy by giving her remarks in rhyme. Antetokounmpo was a double winner, too, adding best NBA player honors. The St. Louis Blues earned best comeback for going from worst team in the NHL early in the season to the Stanley Cup championship. Center Ryan O'Reilly removed his tooth to thank the crowd. Kansas City quarterback Patrick Mahomes won best NFL player; Milwaukee Brewers slugger Christian Yelich earned best MLB player; and Alexander Ovechkin of the Washington Capitals won best NHL player. Special honorees were: • Bill Russell, Arthur Ashe Award for Courage. The 85-year-old basketball Hall of Famer was saluted for his dedication to fighting for social justice and ensuring opportunity for all young people. Introduced by Kobe Bryant, Russell acknowledged a standing ovation from an upper level box but didn't speak. • Former Marine Sgt. Kirstie Ennis, Pat Tillman Award for Service. While on duty in Afghanistan, Ennis was in a crash that resulted in traumatic injuries and ultimately led to an above-knee amputation of her left leg. She is trying to become the first woman above-the-knee amputee to summit all seven of the world's highest peaks. • Rob Mendez, Jimmy V Award for Perseverance. The high school football coach was born without arms or legs due to a rare disorder. Mendez taught himself football fundamentals using video games. He is head coach of the junior varsity team at Prospect High in Saratoga, California. They went 8-2 in his first season and reached the league title game. "I also want to thank the game of football for all that it's given me, for allowing me to be part of a team," Mendez said from motorized chair. "Look at me and see how much passion I put into coaching and how far it's gotten me. I made it this far and who says I can't go further?" • Jim Calhoun, best coach. The three-time national champion coach at UConn now guides Division III University of St. Joseph.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1608
__label__wiki	0.723788	0.723788	King Timothy of Caid Instructs his forces to fight fairly Image by Sandy Huffaker, Jr. Society for Creative Anachronism - San Diego We live in a pre-industrial world and we prefer it there By Lawrence Osborne, Oct. 8, 1992 Walk through Balboa Park on a weekend afternoon and there is a chance you will come upon a sight you might think had passed with the War of the Roses or the Field of the Gold Pavilion: warrior knights in perfectly crafted, meticulously authentic armor, chain mail, and Crusader helmets, fighting — it would seem at first glance — to the death; ladies in pointed barbettes and mantles lounging in their pavilions. But you will have made a mistake to assume that the Middle Ages are over. For these members of San Diego’s branch of the Society for Creative Anachronism, the times are still very much alive. Indeed, they are now called the Current Middle Ages. The Middle Ages that never died. Lady Brianna and Lord Randwulf For these knights, merchants, lords, and ladies are living in the Kingdom of Caid (an irregular-shaped territory that constitutes much of what is otherwise known as Southern California, including Los Angeles) ruled over by King Timothy and Queen Trista of Costa Mesa, and, within that, the Barony of Califia (which is to say, San Diego County), falling under the jurisdiction of one Baron Talanque. Pitched battle It is not simply a matter of territories, however. The Society for Creative Anachronism attempts to recreate the Middle Ages in its entirety. The inner culture of manners, courtoisie, the values of feudal honour and fidelity are on a par with the mock swords, the pugnacious tournaments, and the craft guilds that the society sponsors...from beer-making to armory to medieval needlework and calligraphy. The creation of “the Current Middle Ages in The Known World" (that is, in America, with a few additions such as Japan. Europe, and New Zealand) is not just a matter of dressing up in surcotes, tabards, and pointed shoes. It is, as one of its founders, the fantasy fiction writer Diana Pax.son. writes, “a protest against the 20th Century." A kind of collective denial of contemporary reality. Allister of the Woods Who are these ambiguous people inhabiting a crepuscular fantasy world, dressed like the dead, speaking the language of the past, and behaving as if the brutal awakenings of the last six centuries had never happened? Mad cultists or just harmless hobbyists educating the masses (the Society is registered as an “educational trust") about the quotidian life of a disappeared civilization? Take up your Byzantine turbans, your Elizabethan doublets, and your two-handed broadswords and enter, if you have a care, the strange and fantastic world of the Current Middle Ages. "For us, five minutes is about as much as we can fight in the heat.” The Society for Creative Anachronism was spawned on May Day in 1966, at a farewell gathering in Berkeley for Diana Paxson, who was leaving to work in the Peace Corps. The party’s theme was a medieval tournament, since many of the guests had a keen interest in the Middle Ages and historic fantasy. Participants came from the UC-Berkeley faculties, the local science fiction fraternity. Mills College, and the San Anselmo Theological Seminary. Their invocation was taken from Winnie the Pooh: “Winnie the Pooh went thump-thump-thump down the stairs after Christopher Robin," though it was recited, of course, in Latin. The revelers then staged a costumed march up Telegraph Avenue (to protest the 20th Century). A mere 18 months later, a feudal organization had emerged, comprising knights, guilds, merchants, and a king and a queen. On Twelfth Night 1968, the Society for Creative Anachronism was formally established, and so began a new way of reckoning time. Anno Societatis. As the society sees it, we are now in the year A.S.28 of the Current Middle Ages. The Society for Creative Anachronism was spawned on May Day in 1966, at a farewell gathering in Berkeley for Diana Paxson. With the creation of a new scheme of time, the _ society also created a new geography. The group’s manual, the “Known World Handbook,” which instructs newcomers in the transition from the “Mundane world” (contemporary America) to the current medieval world, shows the evolution of the earliest SCA maps to the present day. Like the crude charts of Ptolemy and Strabo, the manual shows vague continents of unknown size and shape stretching away from Berkeley into the mist. The Great Bay of Saint Francis is clear enough, but just south of it, where Los Angeles should be. is the sinister label “unknown lands," with a picture of a medieval peasant reaping wheat. "This armor is made to last, unlike the armor of the Middle Ages, which was made to survive one battle." However much one might have wished that happy state of affairs to last forever, the organization was bound to grow. And the maps show that by 1985, a blob of land shaped somewhat like the USA has emerged and, umbilically linked to it by terra flrma, a thing called the Principality of Drachenwald, which looks uneasily like Europe. Japan is also there, called (a magnificent inversion) the Far West. By 1985 the Known World, or the domain of the SCA. had at last become global. And the U.S. itself had become a patchwork of exotic lands ruled by kings. “You play games. That’s why we have so many computer people." The latest map of America, known also as Terra Origo, the Land of Origen, shows 12 of these. Texas, for example, has become Ansteorra, with large cities named Bryn Gwlad. Raven’s Fort, and Namron. Oklahoma and Kansas have become Calontir, the South is Meridies; and the East Coast is the East Realm, with Manhattan nicely renamed Ostgardr. Only bits of Wyoming and Colorado seem to have missed a romantic nomenclature; they are simply called the Outlands. The map reflects the complex internal organization of the SCA. where principalities exist within kingdoms, and baronies within principalities, and cantons within baronies, and so on. There are even “colleges” for university campuses and “strongholds" and “forts" for military bases. The entire U.S. polity, in other words, has been reshuffled in the image of a gigantic, feudal nation of the Middle Ages. And just as they have a different topography and move around on a different map. so they themselves have “personas,” medieval versions of themselves that they invent as soon as they enter the society. These personas have medieval names, and with the passage of time the member may well end up casting aside his real name and using only the invented one. For the Current Middle Ages are perfectly real and, like all complete, coherent worlds, entirely self-sufficient. As for despised “real life,” it is nothing more than the Mundane — a drab, uninteresting place in which one exists purely out of necessity and which one leaves behind as one would a dreary secondhand coat. Grey, barbarous, and degraded. The Known World is a far better place altogether. The answering machine of His Excellency Baron Talanque of Califia normally listed in the telephone book as Dean Hallford of Cacoctin Drive, is a swift introduction into the rhythms of this other world. “Greetings,” it warbles. “This is your host, Baron Talanque. If you have need of information. please contact our Chatelaine. Lord Robert Carpentaria. If you are an absolute newcomer, please contact Lady Ygraine. the head of the baronial household. If you have business, please contact the Seneschal Lord Randwulf de la Terre D’Ete. It is the pleasure of Califla to sponsor the upcoming war. which will be between the Crowns and the Coronets. If you have any questions regarding the war, please contact the Autocrat and His Lady, Tolina, at 619-HANDAXE. If you are a merchant, please contact the Merchant Autocrat for the War..." Randwulf de la Terre? A modern San Diego version of a bloodthirsty Norman count with the bad habit of impaling his disobedient peasants on sharp tree stumps? Rather even than experience the exquisite frisson of composing HANDAXE on my dial and talking to one Ygraine O’Gaerllion Fawr, I decided to investigate the fearsome Seneschal of Califia. But the voice at the other end of the phone was a surprise. Cheerful and unanachronistic. The voice of a normal Mundane person. Phil Slaughter. “Hi. this is Randwulf de la Terre.” Should the Seneschal be called Phil or Randwulf1 After all, which one is he? Within minutes, however, it becomes clear that Phil would much rather be Randwulf. In fact he is Randwulf. He is shortly going to have it changed officially, and Randwqlf will appear on his checkbooks. “I already have it on my car license plate,” he says, “and at work, they know that I’m called Randwulf as well as Phil. Of course, at the moment it’s a joke and they pull my leg about it. But if they want to get my attention, they know that Randwulfs the name to use. You see, millions of people are called Phil. I know six or seven Phils myself. Phils are everywhere. But how many Randwulfs are there? “I made that name for myself. It’s customized. It belongs to no one but myself. And that’s the beauty of the personas we make for ourselves. They may be rooted in a specific time and place —in my case medieval Normandy — but they are still unique. The name is what you could call a realistic fabrication. It could have existed, but didn’t. And because it didn't actually exist, it belongs to me and nobody else. It makes me more of an individual. How individual do you feel being called Phil? In my heart of hearts. I’m not really Phil, because Phil’ means very little. Deep down. I’m Randwulf.” Lord Randwulf lives in a comfortable suburban unit in Kearny Mesa, in an area of quiet cul-de-sacs and well-sprinkled lawns. The area has a strong military presence, as does the SCA. Two of the founding members. Duke Siegfried von Hoflichkeit and Duke Fulk de Wyvem. met at an Air Force base in Germany. And the military has always allowed the SCA to hold tournaments among military members on the flight decks of aircraft carriers, especially the Nimrod and the Enterprise. Randwulf shares the house with the Marshal Lady Brianna JeNell Ais-lynn of Blue Shadows, alias JeNell Hays-Pack, and the armorer and knight Alisander du Mont-Saint Michel. The front room is therefore a working curiosity shop of heraldic devices, shelves of helms, shields, the odd steel spaulders (shoulder plates) and cuisses (thigh plates), scholarly works on medieval crafts, and the occasional real broadsword encased in a leather scabbard made by Randwulf himself. “Because the society is so involving," Brianna is the first to admit, “it would be somewhat difficult for someone in it to sustain a relationship with someone who wasn’t. In fact, most of our socializing is done in the society, at revels, at tournaments, at fighter practice, and so on. You tend to meet other people in the society, and you tend to cohabit with them as well. You can imagine what living here would be like for someone who wasn’t in the society. Virtually impossible. “For us. the society can take up almost all our spare time. There have been times when we have spent 14 weekends in a row fighting at and marshaling tournaments. And in a normal week, we could easily spend three nights doing society business. As you can imagine, it’s very intense. My former partner, for example, was a member who dropped out. I decided that my involvement with the society was more important than my involvement with him. and so we had to separate. It’s more or less a given that if you marry someone, it’s going to be another member. “We all live in what we call households, which again are very intense and demanding. Now, a household is not a formal political unit. It’s an informal group at the most grassroots level. People who have similar interests and leanings, who camp together. learn crafts together, and fight together. You have to remember that the SCA encompasses the totality of the Middle Ages, from the end of the Roman Empire to about 1600. and including the Renaissance. That’s a huge variety of cultures. And not all European either. Although we are based on Europe mostly, we do welcome people from elsewhere — the Middle East in particular. because they’re important to our history. We’ve had black kings and queens in charge of kingdoms. So it’s an immense diversity. and the households can satisfy each particular interest. Our household has an offshoot which is a Mongol war band. A household could be, say. a 12th-century Celtic war band, a Romano-British band, or an Afghani one. “We ourselves are related by marriage to other households, and our social life is basically organized around them, even though each household is different. Some are closed, meaning that you can only be admitted to them by vote, and some of them are open. Some produce fighters, and some produce administrators or artisans. Ours produces mainly fighters, with some administrators. ‘The households organize marriages and are the aspect of the SCA which children first come into contact with. In fact, the members’ children are very active in the SCA. We have everyone from babes in swaddling to 90-year-olds. It’s a complete society, if you like, parallel to the Mundane world. Except that it’s warmer, more intimate. The individual has more value. And the individual’s work has more value, too. “Thai’s the society’s attraction, essentially. You learn to use your hands, learn a real artisanal craft. And you become part of a group that values you. We live in a preindustrial world, and we prefer it there. That doesn't mean that I would rather be a woman in the real Middle Ages instead of the Current Middle Ages. Far from it. I like antibiotics, too, thank you! But we dislike the impersonality and. well, the mundaneness of America now. It’s not enough. Just as 200 years of history is just not enough. You need more. You need to reach back further to be sane.” "And besides." Randwulf adds, “we feel much more comfortable in medieval clothes. Throw on your tunic, your cloak, and your sword, and you’re all set. You feel much freer, much gayer. But it's not something that anybody can do. The First couple of times, you feel a little uneasy. But after a while, when you’re at a revel and everyone else is dressed the same way. you begin to enjoy it. Now, I don’t feel right in Mundane clothes. Still, that first time you do have to cross a barrier." Brianna: “It’s the ability to become someone else. I go from being JeNell to being Brianna. And as Brianna I’m much more outgoing, more willing to meet people, and more trusting. JeNell is not like that. Well, she works for the government —enough said. In these clothes I feel special. When you put on the garb, you become special. You have to have a little bit of the extrovert and a little bit of the exhibitionist. because you are always going to get two reactions from Mundane people. Either they mutter Oh. my gawd!’ and turn away in embarrassment or they come running about, demanding to know how you made your garb" Randwulf then admits that the problems of discrimination encountered on the street demand a brave face. "We often go to restaurants in garb or walk around the streets, and we’ve had some incidents. In some restaurants they’ve lost our orders or refused to let us in with our swords. I mean, do they think I’m going to part with my sword just for a meal? We’re middle-income professionals, and they treat us like that! That shows you how much prejudice there is. People Find it hard to accept someone dressed differently from them, and so they don’t want to accommodate us. It’s discrimination, pure and simple.” The vision of Lord Randwulf and Lady Brianna walking into the local Vons or Home Depot dressed in early Norman garb and struggling through a barrage of abuse is an irresistibly heroic one. Is the SCA due to become the latest victimized Oppressed Minority (Those Who Are Differently Located in Time) hounded by the intolerance of a suit-wearing majority? “We call it Freaking the Mundane." Brianna says defensively. "However, we still have an image to maintain. We have to go in front of city councils to get permission for tournaments and so forth. And then, our songs are sometimes very funny. We don’t take ourselves that seriously. The Middles Ages were self-mocking, too.” The society’s newsletter. “Crown Prints," does confirm this welcome tendency towards bardic bawdy. There, for example, between the advertisements for cut-price chain mail, bellydance instruction videos, and quality replica axes are those for Swimming in the Blood of My Enemies and Other Viking Love Sonnets, the Murderous Ditties and Ballads Most Cruel audio cassette from Chivalry Sports Videos (which contains such gems as “Naughty Young Maids of An Tir," SCA-speak for British Columbia; and "You’re Always Welcome at Our Camp.” by Lady Dairine mor o’ hUigin and Lord Yonalon von Schwartzuberfleck). There are announcements of the Caidan Bards Circle Project, organized by Sir Charles of Dublin. Pen-bard of Caid, who boldly announces, “It is my intent to form an interkingdom bardic organization — a Brotherhood of Bards, so to speak. As part of this, I would like to establish an archives of Known World Song and any stories behind them, so the fame of local heroes will spread beyond their own kingdoms." Next to this bardic announcement is a similar proclamation from the drama guild, the Guild of St. Gen-esius. "The Guild That Would Not Die!" It cryptically boasts. “We Have No Shame." Our interview, however, has now moved to the outside patio and swimming pool, where Lord Randwulf has donned one of his helms, is holding up one of his shields, and is inviting me to hit him as hard as I can with his regulation simulation sword. This has no cutting edge, being essentially a clubbing weapon made of rattan with a Fibrous, non-splintering interior and an exterior wrapped in duct tape. It has no point. With the advent of heavy sheet-steel armour, he explains, and with the ability of chain mail to deflect sharp points, hand-to-hand combat was more a matter of breaking bones than cutting flesh. Besides, a broken bone in the Middle Ages was tantamount to an agonizing death. In SCA combats, the protagonists have to behave as if the weapons they are using are real, so a blow to the head equals a mortal knockout, a successfully connected blow to the leg obliges the wounded one to go down on his knees, and a blow to the arm forces him to discard his shield. However, a Fighter can be as dangerous on his knees as he is upright, and in some cases more so. A fight will last anywhere from a few seconds to about 5 minutes, though epic struggles of up to 50 minutes are not unknown. The sheer weight of the armor, about 85 pounds in total, and the California heat preclude anything very prolonged. Slugging it out in a subtropical sun in full 13th-cen-tury gear is more exhausting than Fighting 12 rounds in the ring, or so professional boxers in the SCA attest. Heat exhaustion is very common. The members begin to wonder about those Crusaders, toiling month after month in these same conditions, and a certain awe of the Christian and Islamic warriors of the Middle Ages begins to manifest itself. "They were incredibly tough people," Randwulf admits, perhaps rather wistfully. “But then again, they were used to fighting in armour from the age of eight. Both in Islam and in the West, the chivalric code conditioned you from an early age. We can’t do that now, so we have to simulate it as best we can. For us, though, five minutes is about as much as we can fight in the heat.” I am then invited to deliver the blow from the sword, which leaves Randwulf happily undisturbed. The more experienced and powerful Brianna then steps in and delivers a crunching blow to his head. Walkyrie-style, which sends a little shudder through his frame but which leaves no harm in its wake whatsoever. “See," he calls from behind the steel cage covering his face, “this is like being hit with a baseball bat, and there’s no effect at all. Try it again. [Whack] There. I’m still here. This armor is made to last, unlike the armor of the Middle Ages, which was made to survive one battle. And it makes sure there are no serious injuries. Try it again. [Whack] I’m still here. Try it again if you want. This stuff is impenetrable.” Inside once more and perspiring profusely, we fall upon the subject of the kind of person who is attracted to these incredibly complicated, anachronistic games — the kind of person willing to subject himself to these no doubt delightful but excruciating trials in the name of "historical re-creation" (though the strange pleasure of hitting Lord Randwulf repeatedly on the head was a genuine historical feeling that was undeniable). "What do you do if you’re relatively intelligent and curious?" asks Brianna. backing the question up with a gaze of formidable inquisitional blueness. “You play games. That’s why we have so many computer people in the SCA. Middle-class professionals, as we said. People of above-average education. We play intelligent, well-researched games. We have lawyers, doctors, assistant DAs in our society, as well as hamburger cookers. It’s a varied group, but on the whole it’s an intelligent one. I’m a draftsman by profession, and Lord Randwulf is a material planner. But this is also one of (he few places where you're not restricted by what you do outside. No one really cares what you do for a living. The only thing that counts here is what you do inside the group. Are you an artisan or a warrior? An administrator or a bard? A knight or a baron? And so on. Your value as an individual within the society is totally distinct from the value which you have outside it. And the difference is principally that you can create the former yourself. You can begin from scratch. It’s a completely new life.” As Lord Randwulf and Lady Brianna escort me to the door and the section of suburban cul-de-sac with its peaceful lawns littered with bicycles and dog balls comes once more into view, it is difficult not to feel that I’m indeed passing from one world into another. It is also difficult to know what one would feel if a chain-mailed French knight were suddenly to appear on the sidewalk swinging his sword as he made his way around the parked cars, shrubs, and palm trees. How do two periods of history collaborate when they happen to exist side by side in the same time? At the heart of this question lies the theory and practice of “personas.” the heart of the Society for Creative Anachronism. For it is in the persona that the Middle Ages are re-created and relived. The persona is that alternative ego that members seem to crave and to the nourishing of which all of their formidable and ingenious energy is devoted. Scott Farrell, alias Guillaume de la Belgique, has been in the SCA for 11 years and writes an occasional column at the back of “Crown Prints" on various aspects of life in the Current Middle Ages. His real name is not Guillaume "Am I in a Play?" Belgique, as one of the columns states, but he does ask that question, if not of himself, then certainly of many of the ardent dresser-uppers that the society inevitably attracts. “Quite often." he writes in the July issue, “when someone dives headlong into the Society, it’s because they can find something here that they can’t in the Mundane world: reward, prestige, authority, etc.... This ‘removal from the real’ world can, and often does, come back to haunt someone. “Paranoia, self-importance, and depression usually follow, until they are counter balanced by an appreciation of the creativity and amusement that are supposed to lie at the heart of the society. “The whole point of a persona." Sir Guillaume later explains, “is to get people to do research in a practical way. We invent these fictional characters who might seem extravagant to you but who could well have existed in real life, and we elaborate them in very different ways, according to the individual. Some people have a persona with a complicated biographical narrative, one which is worked out in incredible detail. They map out the persona’s lineage, family tree, and so on as if they were writing a novel. In fact they often end up writing a fictional autobiography. They really feel ‘I am a medieval person.’ And they can have more than one persona. Some people have a different persona for every costume they own. The ones who take it very seriously actually try to speak in Old English. I'd say that was the exception rather than the rule, but it certainly happens. “Some people, on the other hand, take it a little more lightly and realize that, after all, it's a game, a learning game. I’d say it’s the younger members who have just joined who have the most tendency to become fanatical. For some of them, role-playing and fantasies are more important than anything. They really belong elsewhere if they don’t adapt after a while. The would-be Conans can get what they want in something like the Medieval Mayhem Society; swords and sorcery are not our thing at all. “The Renaissance Fair in San Bernardino, too. caters to the fantasy lovers. However. I’d also say that we do have one thing in common with these kinds of fantasists. We are both dissatisfied with the 20th Century. We both long for something more than impersonal contacts and relations. We long for a slower pace, a different sense of time. Our revels and tournaments last all day; we don’t keep strict time. That’s why we attract a lot of lonely, alienated college students. And also why we attract those people — and there many of them — who want to recover a kind of technical folk knowledge which is artisanal and therefore highly personal. A knowledge rooted in what you do with your own two hands.” What. then, are the differences between a persona and a person’s “Mundane ego”? “Well, there are subtle differences, for sure. Usually a persona tends to be more outgoing, more uninhibited. And it is undoubtedly attractive to be able to start all over again from square one. building a personality for yourself which is more in keeping with your inner idea of yourself. Your frame of being adjusts along with this. It is the very opposite of getting a new job because it is self-created. I think it’s no accident that this all began in the United States, and in California. Not only did people here back in the ’60s have unparalleled amounts of free time and money to take up what is, after all. a fairly expensive hobby. They also had the desire to overcome a transplanted history, a feeling of superficiality. And the persona rooted in the concrete world of our ancestors does just that. It gives us roots. It makes us remember that there’s more to being what we are than just wearing blue jeans and being ‘American.’ That the past is open to us as well.” No one could feel this more intimately than a man who spends most of his spare time making replica armour. Michael, alias Alisander du Mont-Michel. a Chinese American in the Mundane World, a Norman knight in the Current Middle Ages, is just such a person. His workshop, located in his airless garage, is almost exactly what the workshop of a medieval armorer would have looked like several centuries ago. Anvils topped with plenishing balls (the heavy spherical devices upon which rounded pieces are shaped), tinner's rivets and homemade hammers, bits of steel greaves and breastplates, cuisses and coifs (neck guards), vambraces and rerebraces lie in carefully organized piles. Experiments done in cheaper, softer materials such as aluminium show how future suits of armor will shape up. Everything here has been homemade, from the ball-peen hammers up. “I started doing this about six years ago. A traveling exhibition of European medieval armor from the New York Metropolitan Museum came to San Diego, and it bowled me over. People think of these people as in some way backward, but if you look at their artifacts, their metalworking, their artisanal techniques, their crafts, you can see that they were in most ways as advanced as any culture on earth. Their armor and military hardware was the technological equal of anything in the Muslim empires — hence the success of the Crusades. “Warfare was always a matter of technical abilities in every civilization, not just courage or cunning. So I admired this stuff, it was very advanced, very beautiful. I wanted to learn how to make it myself. Like many pen-pushers, I also wanted to learn how to do something with my hands. “As for the society itself, I came across that much earlier, 12 years ago. I was walking across the campus at UCSD one day when I saw a tournament in full swing. The tournaments are very colorful, very exciting. So it caught my eye. I was already on the university fencing team, so I was predisposed to find the swordplay interesting. I’ve been in the society ever since." Michael’s persona. Alisander. is not his first. He used to be Corwin but changed when his interests shifted to the Norman era. “I try to block Corwin out completely. In fact, I can’t really remember much about him at all. Alisander has taken over completely. Now, Alisander is quite a new persona for me, so I still haven’t gotten around to researching him completely. He’s from Mont Saint-Michel on the Norman coast, as the name suggests; he’s in his early 30s, like me. and he went on the Third, no. the Second Crusade. There is a problem with the age factor, because typical lifespans in the Middle Ages were so much shorter. A man of my age was almost middle-aged. He would probably be dead by 50 or so, if not earlier. The average was about 45. “Anyway, he’s a typical member of the Knights Hospitalers — devout, loyal. Like him. I’m competitive by nature, and so I like the fighting side of the society, as do probably the majority, or at least a large number of the members. I go to fighter practice once a week, though 1 also spend at least four or five hours a week reading about the Middle Ages. “In about a year’s time. I’ll really know Alisander inside out and I’ll become fully assimilated with him. I admit that you can become a little schizo; most of my friends now call me Alisander. because they know it’s the name I identify with most. So you can begin to start forgetting your real name very easily. Because your life in the Current Middle Ages is so much more interesting, more exciting than your life in the Mundane world, it's natural that you should start identifying with it more. But I treat it mostly as a learning process. That’s what it really is. A learning process that is a game.” Michael promises to greet me at the forthcoming tournament at Camp Pendleton and before I leave shows me some of his action photographs. There is Alisander, in full Norman chain mail with wooden kite shield and lance, standing in the middle of a desert arroyo sprinkled with sagebrush and creosote bush. In another, the assistant DA of Orange County stands on a green in similar Norman battle gear, with a red shield emblazoned with a golden claw and with a real blade drawn. And in yet another, war bands in full-faced Spangenhelms charge up and down ditches with blunted pikes and clubs, again in a desolate and majestic desert setting. They are like snapshots from a Kurosawa epic, and it is no surprise to learn that the SCA is very popular in Japan. But what can this carefully elaborated and ritualized combat be like in the flesh? I accepted the invitation to attend Dun Na Fianne Mara's First Anniversary Dog Day Tourney and Revel near Lake O’Neil on Camp Pendleton, a smallish tournament sponsored by the military, held on July 18th and organized by the Autocrat William Leclan. If Alisander was there. I would see a Knight Hospitaler in action, in a suit of armour that might have taken him a month to create. There are few more delirious ways of spending a Saturday morning. Since all members of the society are supposed to do their homework, I decided to do mine. “One must realize," the 'Known World Handbook' says, “that the knight in shining armor did not appear until after 1400 AD.” It goes on to tell us that the average weight of armour from 800 to 1250 was about 55 pounds; from 1250 to 1410 it increased to 65 pounds, and between 1410 and 1630 it averaged 60 pounds. The medieval fighter was not a cumbersome sitting duck on his own two legs. He could run. jump, and skip with a certain agility. But although SCA fighting is not a formal martial art, “it is not a simple activity, nor is it calming. Hundreds of subtle actions and perceptions can make the difference between victory and painful defeat." Those blunted fibrous “bastard swords” cannot kill people, but can they still inflict a “painful defeat"? “Imbalance or undue heaviness in a polearm." we are told, “can undo anyone.” Does blood flow? The SCA tourney is sign-posted even at Camp Pendleton’s perimeter gates. A steady stream of cars makes its way through this vast, confusing slab of nature, which hums constantly with the graceful and secretive machinery of war. At every turn of those long, palm-lined roads wending their way through semi-arid hills, the visitor feels the presence of camouflage. deception, and wariness. The Lake O’Neil Recreation Area surrounds the pretty lake with camp sites and little fishermen’s jetties, and here the camp’s personnel come with their children to play on the jungle gym, loll around on the grass, and poke about in the immense, water-borne banks of reeds in flat-bottomed boats. On July 18th. however, the dusty parking lot at the southern end of the lake submits to a peculiar transformation. You are driving through it when you suddenly see two men in dagged tunics, Robin Hood hats, and scabbarded swords ambling across the road toward a field, in the company of a woman in a cote hardie, with flared skirts and a low-slung belt. The people playing with the kids on the playground choo-choo train watch a Saracen knight and a voluminous Viking trudge down to the water dispenser with their metal tankards (no glass permitted). But the kids insist on piping up. "Daddy, why is that man wearing a dress?" "Daddy, he looks like Robin Hood." "He’s pretending to be Robin Hood, son." "Yes. Daddy, but why?” On the other side of the road, colored pavilions have appeared around the green and Fighting enclosures of white rope. Heraldic banners blazing with es-toiles. fess danceitys, and bendy sinisters mark out the different households and baronies. And there at the center of these feudal flags is the azure shield of the Queen of Caid. with a rose ore between three crescents framed by a bordure of embattled argent. Queen Trista is here and is overseeing things, and in an unusual reversal of custom, her king has gone off to supervise a crafts event while she sees to the hand-to-hand combat. The fighters are called to the two fields by name and first kneel in front of their pavilions when they are summoned. Bizarre eclecticisms result from the random selection of antagonists. A Greek hoplite in a flowing black plume faces a knight of El Cid. A Scottish berserker with a gigantic claymore faces a turbaned Moor. Normans face Byzantines. Mongols face Knights Hospitalers. The combats themselves are very short — a quick flurry of blows, a few sickening thuds, and one of them goes down. Under the flapping roofs of the cloth pavilions, half-armed knights in their distinctive white belts, squires, marshals. babbling children, and budding adolescents in seductive Missouri Boatman shirts lounge about in an indescribable heat, watching every blow with that alarming languor of the connoisseur who deciphers every tiny gesture in terms of a precise scale of perfection. Only when they take off their barrel helms and wicket vizors will you see that many of the combatants are women. Lady Brianna. who is marshaling in a wide-brimmed straw hat. points out the powerful Fighters and then expresses pleasure at the high turnout — easily 200 or so people. Alisander. resplendent in a magnificent mail shirt, manages to floor a very pretty knight and comes up to say “Greetings!" in a way that is quite clearly unlike his Mundane way of speaking. Sir Guillaume wins his bout easily and walks off the field without having suffered any pain. Knight after knight follows them, each one armored and armed dif- ferently. one surmounted by multicoloured plumes, one w ith a "Choose Death" sticker on the inside of his shield, one in gladiator gear, one in a pig-nosed vizor, one in dazzling polished coat of plates. And while they club each other with their rattan swords, Chinook helicopters roar overhead, the queen looks out from her cool blue tent, and the assembled company makes a stab at what the handbook calls “speaking forsoothly ” which is to say. in the spirit of creative anachronism. Lady Aurelia of Ashton has written the guide to speaking forsoothly, and her tips are well employed on the field. Instead of saying “Is that okay?" they say, “Doth it meet with your approval?" We are advised to use contractions: ’tis, ’twas, ’twill, 'twould. Add “do" to verbs: “You do wear it well." And to say “perchance," “prithee," and “aught" from time to time. But the most important thing, and number one on Lady Aurelia’s list, is Avoiding Mundane Subjects. Isn’t this the essence of the world of the Current Middle Ages? As I left the tournament enclosure under a burning sun in 90-degree heat, having been graciously seen out by these curious avatars of a familiar but vanished world. I felt a little shock at the sight of the kids in baseball caps and the Coca-Cola stand in the playground and the soldiers in battle fatigues walking by the roadside. I remembered the name the society members have for new recruits: "recent Mundanes." The Middle Ages have returned with a vengeance and have declared quiet war on the ordinary. The world is full of Mundanes. billions of them, who know nothing of Spangenhelms and rattan swords (nor of the erotic custom of the cloved fruit, nor of the art of writing forsoothly). But from now on. the possibility exists that America at least might go. not "backwards into the future, but forwards into the past."	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1610
__label__cc	0.507045	0.492955	That Furious Struggle: Chancellorsville and the High Tide of the Confederacy, May 1-4, 1863 Mackowski/White Maps, photos, illustrations, 192 pp It has been called Robert E. Lee’s supreme moment: riding into the Chancellorsville clearing...the mansion itself aflame in the background...his gunpowder-smeared soldiers crowding around him, hats off, cheering wildly. After one of the most audacious gambits of the war, Lee and his men had defeated a foe more than two and a half times their size. The Federal commander, “Fighting Joe” Hooker, had boasted days earlier that his plans were perfect -- yet his army had crumbled, and Hooker himself had literally been knocked senseless. History would remember the battle of Chancellorsville as “Lee’s Greatest Victory.” But Confederate fortunes had reached their high tide. Never again would fortune favor Lee the way it did at Chancellorsville -- even though the war continued another two years. That Furious Struggle: Chancellorsville and the High Tide of the Confederacy recounts the story of the Army of Northern Virginia’s last offensive battlefield victory -- a tale of triumph and tragedy that includes the second-bloodiest day of the Civil War; the mortal wounding of one of the Confederacy’s greatest icons, Stonewall Jackson; and the bold leadership of the man known as “audacity itself.” Told in the highly readable style that has become the hallmark of the Emerging Civil War Series, That Furious Struggle contains more than a hundred and fifty modern and historical photos, outstanding maps, and an insider’s perspective of the battlefield as told by historians who intimately know the ground and the battle. Chris Mackowski and Kristopher D. White are cofounders of Emerging Civil War. Together, they have co-authored half a dozen books, and their articles have appeared in Civil War Times, America’s Civil War, Hallowed Ground, and Blue & Gray. Chris is a professor of journalism and mass communication at St. Bonaventure University in Allegany, NY, and historian-in-residence at Stevenson Ridge, a historic property on the Spotsylvania battlefield. Kris is historian for the Penn-Trafford recreation board and a former Licensed Battlefield Guide at Gettysburg. Both have worked as historians at Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park. Read their blog at www.emergingcivilwar.com. To the Bitter End: Appomattox, Bennett Place, and the Surrenders of the Confederacy Under the Crescent Moon with the XI Corps in the Civil War: Volume 1: From the Defenses of Washington to Chancellorsville, 1862-1863 A Mortal Blow to the Confederacy: The Fall of New Orleans, 1862	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1611
__label__cc	0.668948	0.331052	Richard S. Jaffe Michael Patrick Hanle Michael W. Whisonant Jr. Brett H. Knight Civil Forfeitures/Seizures Using Pre-Trial Hearings and Discovery to Set the Stage for Persuasive Use of Experts at Trial BACKGROUND- RULES OF EVIDENCE Despite the fact that experts have always played a prominent role in both civil and criminal trials, many lawyers have failed to challenge experts utilized by the prosecution. This is despite the fact that some so-called "experts" were unqualified, poorly trained, lazy, or testified beyond their expertise. Some simply fabricated testimony. In many instances, we, as criminal defense lawyers, have failed to challenge substandard laboratories and "science" that is not truly science at all. We have often fallen far short of taking full advantage of the opportunity we have as defense attorneys to obtain experts to provide us the education we need to effectively cross-examine and challenge prosecution experts, and we have missed opportunities to use our own experts in the proactive defense of our clients. We must master the Rules of Evidence and prevailing case law so that we can employ the most effective strategies to properly deal with expert testimony. We cannot concede the qualifications, or the conclusions, of expert witnesses, and we must make our decisions within the context of the themes and theories central to the litigation. We also need to practice thinking "outside of the box" and employ creativity as we work with our experts to destroy those employed by the prosecution at every possible opportunity. APPLICABLE RULES OF EVIDENCE The practitioner must have a working knowledge of the Rules of Evidence in your jurisdiction. For purposes of this discussion, we will rely on the Federal Rules of Evidence, since many State evidence rules are substantially the same as the Federal Rules or otherwise model theirs upon them. First, we will discuss Federal Rules of Evidence 702-705 relating to expert testimony. FRE 702 - TESTIMONY BY EXPERTS: If scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will assist the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue, a witness qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education, may testify thereto in the form of an opinion or otherwise, if (1) the testimony is based upon sufficient facts or data, (2) the testimony is the product of reliable principles and methods, and (3) the witness has applied the principles and methods reliably to the facts of the case. FRE 702 provides that a person who is qualified by knowledge, skill, experience, training or education, may offer testimony of a scientific, technical, or specialized nature if it will assist the trier of fact in those areas. The expert can, but does not have to, offer an opinion; if an opinion is offered, it must be based upon sufficient data and be reliable both in its principles and methodology. In addition, since the December 2000 amendments to the Rule delineating the three prerequisites for admissibility, there are numerous objections available to the defense attorney related to challenging the reliability and the relevance of expert testimony. Relevancy objections focus on the requirement that the testimony be helpful or assist the trier of fact, as evidence will be deemed inadmissible if the testimony reaches conclusions or draws inferences that are "within the jury's competence or within the exclusive function of the jury." Nichols v. American Nat. Ins. Co., 154 F.3d 875 (8th Cir. 1998). FRE 703 - BASES OF OPINION TESTIMONY BY EXPERTS: The facts or data in the particular case upon which an expert bases an opinion or inference may be those perceived by or made known to the expert at or before the hearing. If of a type reasonably relied upon by experts in the particular field in forming opinions or inferences upon the subject, the facts or data need not be admissible in evidence in order for the opinion or inference to be admitted. Facts or data that are otherwise inadmissible shall not be disclosed to the jury by the proponent of the opinion or inference unless the court determines that their probative value in assisting the jury to evaluate the expert's opinion substantially outweighs their prejudicial effect. FRE 703 provides that an expert can rely on otherwise inadmissible evidence, if the inadmissible information is of the type "reasonably relied upon" by other experts in the field. For example, simply because an expert is relying, in part or in whole, upon hearsay information, an expert opinion is not to be excluded if the hearsay relied upon is the sort of information normally relied upon in the field of expertise. With respect to that inadmissible information, the rule does not permit the proponent of the expert opinion to reveal that information unless the court performs a FRE 403 type analysis and permits that information in. In such circumstances, the other side should seek a limiting instruction that informs the jury that the hearsay is not being offered for the truth of the matter asserted, but simply to illustrate the basis of the opinion. Of course, if the cross-examiner is interested in the jury knowing the nature of the underlying hearsay, he has the right to inquire at his own risk. FRE 704 - OPINION ON ULTIMATE ISSUE (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), testimony in the form of an opinion or an inference otherwise admissible is not objectionable because it embraces an ultimate issue to be decided by the trier of fact. (b) No expert witness testifying with respect to the mental state or condition of a defendant in a criminal case may state an opinion or an inference as to whether the defendant did or did not have the mental state or condition constituting an element of the crime charged or of a defense thereto. Such ultimate issues are matters for the trier of the fact alone. FRE 704 differs from many State courts in which the opposite is true - that is, in many States, an expert cannot opine as to an ultimate issue except as it relates to the defense of insanity. Rule 704, however, allows experts to offer opinions and conclusions that may involve ultimate issues, except in the areas of the defendant's mental state if it regards an element of the crime. For example, an expert cannot testify as to whether a defendant had the requisite intent to commit an offense. FRE 705 - DISCLOSURE OF FACTS OR DATA UNDERLYING EXPERT OPINION The expert may testify in terms of opinion or inference and give reasons therefor without first testifying to the underlying facts or data, unless the court requires otherwise. The expert may in any event be required to disclose the underlying facts or data on cross-examination. FRE 705 obviates the need for an expert's opinion to be based upon a hypothetical question that divulges the entire factual foundation of the opinion and gives the expert leeway, subject to court approval, to offer an opinion without specifying the data it is based upon. The rule leaves to opposing counsel the role of bringing out the underlying data, obviously focusing on that data that undercuts the expert's opinion. However, the court retains discretion to require the expert, on direct examination, to disclose any admissible underlying facts or data the expert utilized or relied upon in forming the opinion. The following are other evidentiary rules that interplay with those above: FRE 104(a) - PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS Questions of admissibility generally. Preliminary questions concerning the qualification of a person to be a witness, the existence of a privilege, or the admissibility of evidence shall be determined by the court, subject to the provisions of subdivision (b). In making its determination it is not bound by the rules of evidence except those with respect to privileges. FRE 104 (a) is an under-utilized, but powerful, tool for the criminal defense practitioner. It requires the court to allow an attorney to challenge the qualifications of an expert and the admissibility of his opinion, outside the presence of the jury. This would, of course, include Daubert/Frye challenges whereby the attorney can obtain a hearing and a ruling with respect to how Daubert/Frye applies to a particular expert or his proposed testimony. Rule 104(a) allows challenges to the qualifications of the expert before or during the trial and outside the presence of the jury. This type of voir dire examination during trial can be a very powerful tool, especially in circumstances where the qualifications are particularly suspect. In those situations, a choice may be made to voir dire the witness in front of the jury in advance of the direct testimony. FRE 806 - ATTACKING AND SUPPORTING CREDIBILITY OF DECLARANT When a hearsay statement, or a statement defined in Rule 801(d)(2)(C), (D), or (E), has been admitted in evidence, the credibility of the declarant may be attacked, and if attacked may be supported, by any evidence which would be admissible for those purposes if declarant had testified as a witness. Evidence of a statement or conduct by the declarant at any time, inconsistent with the declarant's hearsay statement, is not subject to any requirement that the declarant may have been afforded an opportunity to deny or explain. If the party against whom a hearsay statement has been admitted calls the declarant as a witness, the party is entitled to examine the declarant on the statement as if under cross-examination. Rule 806 is a powerful but under-utilized evidentiary rule, one offering the practitioner a mechanism for challenging hearsay statements when the declarant is unavailable. As mentioned a moment ago in our discussion of FRE 703, experts offering testimony routinely rely upon reports and information received from others. Rule 806 can be utilized in a variety of contexts. For example, it can be used to attack an expert's decision to rely upon a lab report despite a determination that the lab was substandard, a test invalid, or a technician unqualified. Similarly, an expert may have based his opinion, in part, on information given by a person convicted of a crime (impeachable under Rule 609), or a bad act (impeachable under Rule 608) or who has given inconsistent statements. Rule 806 needs to be a fixture in the practitioner's arsenal and used to attack hearsay statements used or relied upon by experts and lay witnesses alike. As an example of how the rule relates to non-experts, if a witness testifies to statements made to him by a co-conspirator during the course of, or in furtherance of a conspiracy under Rule 801(d)(2)(e), Rule 806 allows the defense practitioner to attack the non-testifying declarant or co-conspirator just as if he had given those statements on the witness stand. Rule 803(18) LEARNED TREATISES To the extent called to the attention of an expert witness upon cross-examination or relied upon by the expert witness in direct examination, statements contained in published treatises, periodicals, or pamphlets on a subject of history, medicine, or other science or art, established as a reliable authority by the testimony or admission of the witness or by other expert testimony or by judicial notice. If admitted, the statements may be read into evidence but may not be received as exhibits. FRE 803 (18), if it is utilized correctly, has the potential to enable an attorney to effectively call a witness (that could cost many thousands of dollars) without ever calling him to the witness stand; the witness could even be dead. Previously published work that qualify as a "learned treatise" can be acknowledged by your expert or the prosecution's expert and thus be used to undercut the opposing expert's opinion at trial. A previously published work acknowledged as a learned treatise can be utilized to support the testimony of your expert or to impeach the testimony of the prosecution expert. This is particularly effective if the prosecution's expert has testified to facts contrary to what is stated in a learned treatise authored by someone that expert (or our expert) has acknowledged as authoritative in the field. Note, however, that while excerpts can be read to the jury in cross, they cannot be admitted as substantive evidence. In a child sex case I went to meet with one of our experts. In her office I noticed on her shelf a book on interrogation techniques of child witnesses. I had the same book at my office and ended up utilizing over 25 pages to bolster her testimony by a leading expert in the field. (Investigative Interviews of Children, (Lamb and Poole), American Psychological Association, Washington D.C. 1998). In that same case we filed a Taint motion asserting that the then five-year old child's testimony was inadmissible under Rule 602 since her memory had been irrevocably compromised due to the leading and suggestive discussions of both family members and the Child services expert with the child. We asked for a pre-trial Taint hearing under rule 104. There was almost no Alabama law on the subject. To make sure the Court took it seriously as a valid Motion to Suppress, we filed a supplemental motion supported by case specific facts and law. (See Ex. 1). The judge afforded us an all day hearing without even a lunch break. As an aside it is worth mentioning that Rules 401-402 still serve as the underlying benchmarks with regard to relevancy and probative value in determining the admissibility and scope of expert testimony as it applies to all of the above rules of evidence. RELEVANT CASE LAW The criminal law practitioner will want to study pertinent cases that illustrate the application of those Federal Rules of Evidence applicable to expert testimony. At a very minimum, practitioners will want to be thoroughly familiar with Daubert V Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals 509 U. S. 579 (1993), Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael, 526 U.S. 137 (1999) and Frye v. United States, 293 F. 1013 (D.C. Cir. 1923). Also important are the recent cases of Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004), and Davis v. Washington, 547 U.S. 813, 126 S. Ct. 2266 (2006), which should be read in the context of, and with an eye toward, effectively attacking expert testimony. In Daubert the Supreme Court of the United States addressed FRE 702. The Supreme Court in Daubert held that if expert scientific testimony is proffered (often via Rule 104(a)), the trial court must determine if the expert will testify on a scientific matter that will aid the fact finder regarding a fact at issue. Thus, the Supreme Court made the trial court a gatekeeper as to the admissibility of such evidence. The standard the trial court must utilize is "...whether the reasoning or methodology underlying the testimony is scientifically valid," and "whether that reasoning and methodology properly can be applied to the facts in issue." Daubert at 592-593. The court in Daubert listed five factors, although not exclusive, to more or less serve as a checklist to the analysis: (1) whether the expert's technique or theory can be or has been tested---that is, whether the expert's theory can be challenged in some objective sense, or whether it is instead simply a subjective, conclusory approach that cannot reasonably be assessed for reliability; (2) whether the technique or theory has been subject to peer review and publication; (3) the known or potential rate of error of the technique or theory when applied; (4) the existence and maintenance of standards and controls; and (5) whether the technique or theory has been generally accepted in the scientific community. Kumho is a case decided by the United States Supreme Court which expanded Daubert. The court in Kumho clarified that the trial court's gate keeping function to encompass not just scientific evidence, which formed the basis of the Daubert decision, but also expert testimony which is technical or otherwise. In other words, while the court in Daubert limited its discussion to the scientific expert testimony which was the issue of contention in that case, the court in Kumho expanded the analysis to include all other types of expert testimony. The Court recognized that some of the Daubert factors may not apply in all cases of expert testimony. However it encourages judges to use those factors where they apply, and otherwise gives the trial court broad discretion in making admissibility determinations- so long as the Court takes into account the concerns of reliability and relevance. Before Crawford, the admissibility of expert testimony hinged on the application of State law with little concern for Sixth Amendment confrontation analysis, provided that the defendant was afforded an opportunity to cross-examine the expert witness. Such experts often were allowed to testify to hearsay provided to, and relied upon, by them. The Crawford decision and that of Davis v. Washington, may have dramatically changed this analysis. The United States Supreme Court in Crawford wrestled with the intersection of hearsay testimony and the Sixth Amendment. The Davis Court attempted to refine what constitutes a testimonial statement in the context of 911 calls and crime scene statements made to law enforcement. The opinion, authored by Justice Scalia, held that "where testimonial evidence is at issue, [however], the Sixth Amendment demands what the common-law required: unavailability and a prior opportunity for cross-examination". Crawford v. Washington at 68. Rather than defining "testimonial", the court offered three types of testimonial statements, recognizing that these were not exhaustive: 1. Ex parte, in-court testimony or its functional equivalent, such as affidavits, custodial examinations, or prior testimony that a defendant had no opportunity to cross-examine, or other similar pre-trial statements that declarants would reasonably expect to be used prosecutorially. 2. Extra-judicial statements contained in formalized testimonial materials such as affidavits, depositions, prior testimony, and confessions, and 3. Statements that were made under circumstances which would lead an objective witness reasonably to believe that the statement would be available for use at a later trial. In Davis, the court shifted its emphasis to the primary purpose of the interrogator rather than the declarant's understanding or purpose, which had been the focus in Crawford. In most cases involving expert testimony, there is no interrogation. However, Justice Scalia did not limit the definition of testimonial to the context of interrogation. In the wake of Crawford, state courts are split on the question of whether lab reports (toxicology, autopsy, etc...) are testimonial and whether the business records exception to the hearsay rule support their admission. Despite what your state courts have ruled, it is important nevertheless to scrutinize all lab reports, medical reports, and any other purported business or public records, and object vigorously to any testimonial statements on the ground that their admission is a Sixth Amendment violation. The United States Supreme Court has recent addressed but not fully answered the issue of whether these sorts of lab reports are admissible in whole or in part without the opportunity to cross-examine the maker of the report. (See Bullcoming v. New Mexico, 131 S. Ct. 2705 (2011)). In that case the Court, affirming its holding in Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts (129 S. Ct.2705 (2011)) reversed the New Mexico Supreme court and found a 6th amendment violation when the State offered a surrogate lab technician who did not participate in the testing to testify about it anyway. In Bullcoming, Justice Sotomayor's dissent leaves open the scope of the ruling; in other words would she have voted the same way if the witness offered had real involvement in or supervised the testing? (See The Champion, October 2011 Crawford in the Lab-The Next Step: Bullcoming v. New Mexico). Prosecutors will often argue that the objectionable parts of a business record or public record should be admitted because they are not being offered for their truthfulness, and thus, are not hearsay. Even when the prosecution, in a context other than a business or public record offers hearsay, they often argue that it is admissible because it is not offered for its truthfulness. The prosecutors in People v. Goldstein, 843 N.E. 2d 727 (2005), made that very argument; it was unsuccessful and repudiated by the New York Court of Appeals. In Goldstein, the State's psychiatrist, over objection, was allowed to testify to hearsay statements made by Goldstein to third parties to support his opinion that Goldstein was not insane. The prosecutors argued that these third-party statements were not hearsay because they were not admitted for their truthfulness. The New York Court of Appeals ripped this argument into pieces acknowledging that the State's psychiatrist accepted what the third-parties said as true; if he had not, he would not have considered their statements in supporting his opinion. The court held that the Confrontation Clause did not allow the psychiatrist to recount third-party hearsay testimony without giving the defendant an opportunity to cross-examine each third party whose testimony was presented. Because that opportunity was not provided the defendant, reversible error occurred. It is also worth noting that Rule 806 could have been utilized if the defense had discovered impeaching information affecting the credibility of those third-party lay witnesses, including prior convictions under Rule 609, and inconsistent statements or bad acts under Rule 608. In a federal death penalty case we filed a motion to exclude the scope of the government's mental health expert due to the inadmissible hearsay contained within her report. The court excluded nearly 2/3rds of her proposed testimony and that motion may have saved our client's life. (Ex. 2) Crawford/Davis objections should also be considered regarding the contents of any reports, including, but not limited to, medical reports, DNA reports, lab reports, and scientific reports of any type that reflect the opinions of, or information from, other individuals or sources Prosecutors utilize expert-like testimony in a considerable number of trials. For example, prosecutors for many years (often without following the notice requirements of Rule 16) have called case agents to offer "summary testimony" to bolster their cases. See, e.g., United States v. King, 616 F.2d 1034, 1041(8th Cir. 1980), citing United States v. Esser, 520 F.2d 213 (7th Cir. 1975). This type of expert testimony may be inadmissible as an improper application of FRE 702, or inadmissible as a result of Crawford, and subject to being successful challenge. The good news is that Federal Courts are trending towards precluding or at least limiting Government agents from outlining the prosecution's case and offering "expert testimony" in this manner. See United States v. Griffin, 324 F. 3d 330 (5th Cir. 2003). Other examples of the prosecution using Government agents as "expert witnesses," include agents testimony on such matters as the activities of drug dealers, gang members, tax and security fraud, and bank fraud, just to name a few. This is in addition to the experts that are routinely used by the Government, such as handwriting experts, pathologists, fiber experts, DNA, serology and toxicology experts etc.... On the other hand, criminal defense lawyers call experts to the stand in a relatively small number of cases. We must become creative in our strategies as they relate to proactively utilizing expert testimony. For example, the Ninth Circuit, in United States v. Morales, 108 F.3d 1031 (9th Cir. 1997), reviewed the Defendant's conviction for wrongfully making false entries in a Union ledger in violation of Federal statutes. The Defendant proffered an expert to show that he lacked requisite bookkeeping knowledge relevant to the question of mens rea. While the defendant was not successful in that case, the Ninth Circuit did find, however, such expert testimony to be relevant and proper under Rule 702. In a competency hearing on a federal death penalty case, the government filed a Daubert motion to exclude one of our experts, an attorney with expertise in the area of death penalty litigation and competency issues. The court denied the governments motion and allowed our attorney-expert to testify in that hearing on the issue of our client's competency. (see Ex.3, our response to the government's motion). One underutilized area for the criminal defense lawyer to utilize expert testimony is in the area of sentencing and during sentencing hearings. For example, we recently concluded a case where a former pharmacy employee embezzled almost $400,000.00. We retained the services of a forensic psychologist who offered testimony to mitigate the commission of the crime. Specifically, the psychologist testified at the sentencing hearing not only to the remorse exhibited by the client but also that the client was experiencing a major depressive episode during the time period in which the theft occurred and the underlying reasons for the depression. The psychologist had a plausible explanation for the conduct, while not excusing it, influenced the judge to sentence our client to only 6 months of confinement and four months of unmonitored home detention. The minimum guideline range was 27-33 months. The judge, however, considered the psychological report and testimony in his analysis of the factors called for by 3553(a) in formulating what was a very favorable sentence in light of the seriousness of the offense. Similarly, in another federal sentencing, our client had stolen 1.1 million dollars from her employer over a several year period. We offered the testimony of a psychologist to testify that our bi-polar client suffered severe from long term but untreated depression. The court substantially departed from the minimum guidelines and granted a variance, resulting in a favorable sentence consistent with what we suggested in our sentencing memorandum. (Ex. 4, our sentencing memo). In an 841 drug distribution case, the government recommended a 50% reduction to a sentence of 23 months. But the normally guideline following Federal District Judge appropriately varied under Section 3553 (a) and sentenced him to sixty days in a county jail, followed by home confinement due to a previous Traumatic Brain Injury (TBA). The medical submissions convinced the Judge that at the time of the crime, based upon the damage to his frontal lobes, his judgment was seriously impaired especially in light of his character and background. In addition the Judge believed that in a prison setting he would be "easy prey," and one hard hit to his head could prove fatal. CHOOSING YOUR EXPERT Choosing an appropriate expert can be a challenge. At my firm, we attempt to select an expert that someone we trust has used that expert before. Internet search engines, list-serves, and websites provide more information than ever before to help us make the best expert choices. Searching through Lexis or Westlaw for reported cases in which your potential expert has previously testified is also very important. Google and social media can be very useful. NACDL also provides many resources to locate and aid in the investigation of experts in almost every field. If your client is indigent, or indigent for purposes other than attorneys' fees, file a motion to proceed ex parte (See Ex. 5) and then a separate motion for funds, citing Ake v. Oklahoma, 470 U.S. 68 (1985.) Keep in mind that The United States Supreme Court and the Sixth Amendment right to the effective assistance of counsel trump any limitations found in state statutes, legislation and case law. Even if you are retained by the family of your client, if he is indigent and has no control over the payment of the fees, you are still entitled to expenses. In that case you need to file a Motion to Declare the Defendant Indigent for Purposes Other than Attorney Fees setting out that your client is both indigent and has no control over the payment of your attorney fees. (See Ex. 6). However, unless a particularized motion with supporting affidavits is made showing the critical need for the requested expert and funds, appellate courts will not reverse a trial judge for failure to provide the same. (See Ex. 7). Such motions must be made ex parte and under seal with a request for an ex parte hearing. It is crucial that you know and articulate your working theories and that you clearly state the need for the expert, as well as the expected fees that the expert will charge. You should state in your motion that if the money is exhausted, you will return to make a further showing of the need for additional funds. (See Ex. 8). Denial of a critical expert is a denial not only of the Sixth Amendment right to the effective assistance of counsel for your client, but also may very well deny your client the right to present a defense. Chambers v. Mississippi, 410 U.S. 284 (1973); see also Mark J. Mahoney, The Right to Present a Defense, (1989-2009). Your expert can also help you attack Government expert testimony, as well as refine your theories of defense. In a DUI homicide we defended, our nineteen-year old client drove the vehicle which crashed killing two of his friends and seriously injuring another friend and himself. The State charged him with two counts of murder and as serious assault count. In an effort to obtain youthful treatment and probation for him we employed the following experts: A Neuro-psychologist (he had a TBI and total amnesia re event) A Psychologist to treat him for depression and PTSD A Psychiatrist to treat him with appropriate medications An Alcohol and Drug specialist and counselor and expert in Alternative Sentencing An Accident Reconstruction expert After almost four years, the Judge granted him both YO status and probation, with stringent conditions, in spite of one of the family members who pushed for thirty years (See Ex. 9 YO letter to Court). We also convinced the DA to stipulate to the facts with him accepting our accident reconstruction expert's conclusions re speed. In addition we utilized the expert services of a Neuro-psychologist, substance abuse expert and family counselor. (See Ex.10- Proposed Stipulation of Facts) Caution - do not let your expert roam free. Keep in close touch as many will go off on tangents or develop their own theories that may work in the scientific world but not in the world of law. RESEARCHING YOUR EXPERT In addition to personally speaking with other attorneys who have used the expert, and reviewing reported cases where the expert is mentioned, check out any advertisements, CV's, and websites, as well as articles authored by the expert. It is not just the prosecution's experts that exaggerate and fabricate; many individuals that offer their services as expert witnesses allow financial considerations to override their integrity, and many have weaknesses in their background that must be considered. For example, Terrica Redfield, the NACDL Death Penalty Resource Director, and I happened to be in a courtroom in a small town in Alabama waiting to speak to the prosecutor about a capital murder case we were defending. We watched in horror as a defense psychologist was being cross-examined by the prosecutor on the issues of mental retardation and mitigation. The prosecutor adeptly brought out previous testimony of the expert from another trial that the expert was not at all prepared to confront. The prosecutor was also able to emphasize that this expert's proficiency was in sexual discrimination and eating disorders and that she had never been trained in the mitigation area, nor did she possess any particularized expertise in the area of mental retardation. The jury rejected her testimony with hardly a thought. In another capital murder case, the defense, to combat the State's DNA expert, called a very qualified DNA expert that they had retained. However, at the end of cross-examination of the defendant's expert, the prosecutor showed DNA images to the expert. When pressed, the defense DNA expert was forced to support the State's DNA expert that it was, in fact, probably the Defendant's DNA. The point, of course, is that retaining and presenting an expert in a criminal case is not a matter to be taken lightly. We have to conduct thorough research before making our choices, and sometimes it may be best to use your expert to help you prepare an attack on the prosecution's expert rather than calling him to testify. ATTACKING THE PROSECUTION'S EXPERT Successfully attacking a prosecution expert is a goal within the reach of any prepared trial lawyer. The methods discussed to choose your expert are the similar to the ones used to investigate your own experts. The following, though far from being exhaustive, are some basic suggestions to consider: 1. Use the Internet to investigate the prosecution's expert. As stated above, search engines, including Google, offer extensive information on the background and history of experts. 2. Find lawyers who have used/faced the expert before. 3. Use Westlaw, Lexis, or other legal resources, including NACDL, to locate other cases in which the expert previously testified and/or lawyers who are familiar with the expert. Sometimes courts have criticized experts in reported opinions and reported opinions reveal the names of lawyers who have confronted these experts before. 4. Obtain the expert's CV and check the validity of its contents. Many experts are simply not qualified in the respective fields in which they testify. Many exaggerate their qualifications, including their education. Some testify in areas well beyond their expertise. Many simply lie on their CV; some never even attended the schools they list. Some even lie about their publications or contributed little, if any, to the ones they list. 5. Research through the advertisements and the websites of the prosecution's experts. If there ever is a place to exaggerate, it is in an advertisement; many experts exaggerate when they advertise. 6. Obtain all writings of the expert. Experts, especially those in the academic field, have written on a variety of subjects. Sometimes these experts forget what they have written many years ago, or even just one or two years previously. Some experts contribute very little to publications that they pretend to take credit for when they list their qualifications. 7. Obtain the past testimony or transcripts of the expert. Experts that have faced cross-examination have probably testified in ways that they may later regret. Many will testify inconsistently in one case to the way the same expert will testify in yours. If nothing else, you will get a true flavor for the way they present themselves as revealed in transcripts, and talking to the lawyers who have examined these experts will fill in the gaps. 8. Subpoena all underlying raw data the experts relied upon. (see Ex. 11- but the motion should be specific for all every scrap of paper, including emails, handwritten notes, validations, control tests etc. and manuals can be separately subpoenaed). The raw data includes lab notes, reports of others, emails, validation results, and any information that they were aware of, considered, or reviewed, prior to any testing they conducted or at the time at which they offered their opinions. 9. Research any of the labs that the experts are associated with. Many labs are unaccredited or have been cited numerous times by government oversight agencies or private watchdogs. This can lead to very fertile cross-examination. 10. Interview the prosecution's expert in person whenever possible. Many of the prosecution's experts are supposed to be neutral. Forensic experts who are employees of the State are supposed to work for the people, not just the prosecution. Most would be willing to meet with you. This will allow you to assess the expert as well as many of the opinions he or she is expected to make. In many cases I have met with forensic pathologists and reviewed the case with them. Then I know what I may need my own pathologist (see Ex. 11) to explore, and all that aids my future cross examination of the state's expert. 11. Subpoena any and all laboratory procedures manuals. Many forensic lab scientists are lazy and sometimes do not follow their own procedures; some may not even be aware of them. 12. Expose any hidden bias on the part of the expert. In a recent case we learned that a prosecution expert gives the Government a fee break. We also learned that a Federal Judge, years before, had written an opinion questioning the credibility of this same expert. At a hearing, he was so flabbergasted to be confronted with the transcript and Opinion, he called the respected Federal Judge (also from our State) "pompous, hard headed and just plain wrong". Many of the prosecution's forensic experts are obviously biased. This bias can be simply because they work so closely with the prosecutors and only testify for them. It can be from personal relationships formed with the prosecutors or police. The bias can result from correspondence sent by the police or prosecutors which includes prejudicial information. It is for this reason that we need to consider a defense expert to consult with and/or call as a witness to crucial crime scene testimony that is in dispute including but not limited to areas within the realm of a forensic pathologist. (See Ex's. 12, 13). Often good ones once worked for the State. For example, U.S. citizen and an attorney, Brandon Mayfield was labeled a material witness after his fingerprints were supposedly found on a bag full of detonating devices associated with the bombing of a train in Madrid on March 11th, 2004, in which 191 people were killed and 2,000 others were wounded. In spite of the fact that Spanish forensic experts believed that the FBI considered an insufficient number of points of comparison before declaring a "match", the FBI arrested and detained Mayfield on the basis of the fingerprint comparison. In fact, Mayfield was a Muslim convert who had helped defend a person accused of attempting to travel to Pakistan to support the Taliban. Mayfield was subsequently completely cleared when it was determined that the fingerprints actually belonged to an Algerian. 13. Use learned treatises in preparation of your cross-examination of the Government's expert. As previously mentioned, portions of learned treatises (803(18)), if adopted by either expert, can be very powerful. If the state's expert is expected to contradict a learned treatise, preparation is the key to exposing the weakness of the testimony. 14. When possible, make their expert confirm significant portions of your case and your theories. In 1998, we represented a client charged with capital murder in the Northern District of Alabama. In cross-examination of the Government's psychologist during the sentencing phase, we were able to force her to confirm each and every mitigating factor that our expert testified to. In addition, she was forced to admit that our expert had many more qualifications than she did. (See previous Ex. 2). Like every witness, expert witnesses have weaknesses and vulnerabilities. Investigating the expert and the subject matter will provide opportunities to not only level the playing field, but to also gain an advantage. The science may be vulnerable; the expert may have credibility gaps, and the bias may be exposable - almost any expert witness is vulnerable to attack or neutralization. It is also important to remember that experts, like many professionals, often have big egos. Perhaps the expert's ego is greater than the basis of his or her opinion. It would be difficult to find an expert without some weak areas. It could be simply that the expert is testifying to matters beyond his expertise or offering opinions not adequately supported by the facts. The prepared trial lawyer, who demonstrates early on knowledge of the subject matter and the vulnerabilities of the expert, opens the door to an exciting opportunity to control and destroy the expert. The fear of embarrassment and humiliation is a concern for many witnesses - but even more so with experts. It is important to remember, however, that many experts have been trained in the presentation of testimony, and that instills confidence in them. Nonetheless, a prepared and tenacious lawyer, with developed cross-examination skills, still has the advantage because the courtroom is his home. The expert is a visitor and if he is your adversary, he is an intruder. 15. Insist that the prosecution follow Rule 16. Prosecutors sometimes disclose limited information regarding their experts. In fact, Rule 16(g) requires the Government to give a written summary of any expected testimony under Rule 702, 703 and 705 if it plans to call that expert in its case-in-chief. The summary must describe "...the witness' opinions, the basis and reasons for those opinions and the witness' qualifications". We need to vigorously hold the prosecution's feet to the fire as it relates to complying with Rule 16(f), (g), by writing letters and filing motions and, when necessary, litigating their non-compliance with the Rule. There exists an ever expanding opportunity to challenge traditionally accepted expert opinions because, as technology evolves, new and improved methods of analysis become available everyday. As a result, the processes upon which government witnesses have traditionally relied are becoming increasingly vulnerable to attack from the well-prepared and innovative litigator, and yesterdays accepted techniques may well become tomorrow's junk science. There are already examples out there of creative litigators using newly discovered scientific and technological advancements to challenge traditionally accepted expert opinions, such as in the areas of handwriting (U.S. v. Saelee, 162 F. Supp. 2d 1097) or bullet lead analysis (U.S. v. Mikos, 2003 WL 22922197 (N.D.Ill.)). But perhaps more instructive for those who seek not only to take advantage of existing changes in the law but to forge new paths on behalf of our clients, is the example of Robert Epstein. Mr. Epstein took on the formidable task of challenging the long-established science behind fingerprint identification in his efforts to defend a bank robbery case he was assigned as a federal defender in Philadelphia, PA. His approach and determination in attacking this sacred cow of forensic science should serve as a guide to any of us that wish to navigate uncharted waters in our efforts to provide our clients the best defense possible. Mr. Epstein maintained that, while testimony about the nature of ridges, arches and points of comparison were obviously admissible, an ultimate opinion stating that a certain number of points of comparison were sufficient to identify a partial latent print as belonging to one person to the exclusion of all others in the world went beyond the acceptable bounds of scientific certainty required by Daubert. Mr. Epstein's challenges to fingerprint evidence led the National Institute of Justice to release a request for certain data, namely data that would establish the validity and standardization of friction ridge analysis...the very kinds of data required by Daubert, and the data that the NIJ had claimed was unavailable. Though his struggles did not lead to the exclusion of the evidence at question, Epstein's efforts, both in his creative identification of an area ripe for challenge and his dogged pursuit of information through the post trial proceedings, (which led to further evidence of a knowledge on the part of the FBI that such standardized information on fingerprint comparison was not available) can serve as a guide for each of us as we prepare to present a credible case to a judge as to why the same evidence he has admitted a hundred times before might, in the light of new information, be inadmissible. And how do we prepare to present that credible case? First, we must fully understand the area of scientific knowledge we are seeking to challenge, especially those portions that are most vulnerable when scrutinized in light of Daubert and newly available techniques which may have cast a new and critical light on previously accepted science. Kim Kruglick's fantastic resource page at http://www.bioforensics.com/kruglaw/forensic.htm is an excellent jumping off point for the practitioner looking to better understand the nuances of a particular subject. LYING LIARS AND THEIR LIES With apologies to Al Franken, this heading seems perfect for a subject that deserves at least passing mention. Some experts lie. They aren't mistaken. They don't misinterpret the information given to them, they simply make up the data and conclusions necessary to help their side prevail. Obviously, it behooves the defense counsel to identify and expose these liars at every opportunity, because they pose an ongoing threat not only to our clients, but to the credibility of the court system we are sworn to uphold. FBI crime lab technician Katherine Lundy, and indeed the entire FBI crime lab, have been found to have offered false testimony. Crime Labs in Florida, Arizona and Texas also caused false testimony to be offered against criminal defendants. It is a problem that must be reckoned with through diligence and determination. An awareness of the past problems is crucial to identifying potential laboratory fraud, which is why every criminal defense practitioner should regularly check the following two sites: http://www.corpus-delicti.com/forensic_fraud.html and http://www.truthinjustice.org/junk.htm. They provide a running commentary on most instances of laboratory fraud, and understanding the methods used by these discredited experts will better prepare us to spot potential fraud in our own cases. It is important that lawyers proactively litigate issues in regard to experts through pre-trial motions and hearings. And it is just as crucial that lawyers use experts creatively, actively and aggressively on behalf of their clients. Posted By Jaffe, Hanle, Whisonant & Knight, P.C. National Board of Trial Advocacy Recertifies Attorney Richard Jaffe in Criminal Trial Law The Legal Advocates You Want On Your Side Birmingham Criminal Defense Attorney © 2019 All Rights Reserved Website: https://www.rjaffelaw.com Office Location 2320 Arlington Avenue South Contact Us (205) 900-7714 Map / Directions https://www.rjaffelaw.com/	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1615
__label__wiki	0.917165	0.917165	Takata Airbag Recall: The Updated List of Everything You Need to Know All the affected vehicles, plus the latest news. By clifford atiyeh and Rusty Blackwell The automotive world and beyond is buzzing about the massive airbag recall covering many millions of vehicles in the U.S. from nearly two dozen brands. Here's what you need to know about the problem; which vehicles may have the defective, shrapnel-shooting inflator parts from Japanese supplier Takata; and what to do if your vehicle is one of them. *SCROLL TO BOTTOM FOR FULL LIST OF AFFECTED VEHICLES The issue involves defective inflator and propellent devices that may deploy improperly in the event of a crash, shooting metal fragments into vehicle occupants. More than 7 million vehicles are potentially affected in the United States. Initially, only six makes were involved when Takata announced the fault in April 2013, but a Toyota recall in June this year—along with new admissions from Takata that it had little clue as to which cars used its defective inflators, or even what the root cause was—prompted more automakers to issue identical recalls. In July, NHTSA forced additional regional recalls in high-humidity areas including Florida, Hawaii, and the U.S. Virgin Islands to gather removed parts and send them to Takata for review. Another major recall issued on October 20 expanded the affected vehicles across several brands. For its part, Toyota said it would begin to replace defective passenger-side inflators starting October 25; if parts are unavailable, however, it has advised its dealers to disable the airbags and affix "Do Not Sit Here" messages to the dashboard. While Toyota says there have been no related injuries or deaths involving its vehicles, a New York Timesreport in September found a total of at least 139 reported injuries across all automakers. In particular, there have been at least two deaths and 30 injuries in Honda vehicles. According to the Times, Honda and Takataallegedly have known about the faulty inflators since 2004 but failed to notify NHTSA in previous recall filings (which began in 2008) that the affected airbags had actually ruptured or were linked to injuries and deaths. Takata first said that propellant chemicals were mishandled and improperly stored during assembly, which supposedly caused the metal airbag inflators to burst open due to excessive pressure inside. In July, the company blamed humid weather and spurred additional recalls. According to documents reviewed by Reuters, Takata says that rust, bad welds, and even chewing gum dropped into at least one inflator are also at fault. The same documents show that in 2002, Takata's plant in Mexico allowed a defect rate that was "six to eight times above" acceptable limits, or roughly 60 to 80 defective parts for every 1 million airbag inflators shipped. The company's study has yet to reach a final conclusion and report the findings to NHTSA. UPDATE 11/7/2014, 9:44 a.m.: The New York Times has published a report suggesting that Takata knew about the airbag issues in 2004, conducting secret tests off work hours to verify the problem. The results confirmed major issues with the inflators, and engineers quickly began researching a solution. But instead of notifying federal safety regulators and moving forward with fixes, Takata executives ordered its engineers to destroy the data and dispose of the physical evidence. This occurred a full four years before Takata publicly acknowledged the problem. UPDATE 11/7/2014, 5:29 p.m.: Two U.S. Senators have now called for the Department of Justice to open a criminal investigation on this matter. Takata has stated that "the allegations contained in the [New York Times] article are fundamentally inaccurate." The company went on to state that it "takes very seriously the accusations made in this article and we are cooperating and participating fully with the government investigation now underway." Read more about these developments on this C/D page. UPDATE 11/13/2014, 11:10 a.m.: Takata has released a more formal statement saying that the allegations made in last week's New York Times article "are fundamentally inaccurate" and that it "unfairly impugned the integrity of Takata and its employees." The company says (in this PDF) that there were no tests of "scrapyard airbag inflators" in 2004, that after-hours tests in 2004 "were not 'secret tests' . . . [but] were done at the request of NHTSA to address a cushion-tearing issue unrelated to inflator rupturing," and that it "did not suppress any test results showing cracking or rupturing in the inflators," whether to automakers such as Honda or to NHTSA. For its story about Takata's statement, the Times spoke again with one of its two sources for the November 6 article. That anonymous person is quoted as saying: "What Takata says is not true . . . They are trying to switch things around." On November 12, we reported about a change in Takata's chemical makeup of its airbag propellant, which the company says is unrelated to the ongoing recall situation. UPDATE 11/18/2014, 6:10 p.m.: In light of a recent airbag failure in a 2007 Ford Mustang in North Carolina—which was not part of the original "high-humidity areas" Takata recall—the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is calling for a nationwide recall of cars equipped with the defective Takata driver's-side airbags. UPDATE 11/20/2014, 5:35 p.m.: Automakers, officials from Takata, and motorists injured by defective airbags met for a hearing with Congress. NHTSA was accused of not responding quickly enough to the Takata airbag situation, and automakers also took heat for being slow with fixes. As of now, the recalls remain regional, but it seems only a matter of time before they're blanketed nationwide. UPDATE 11/26/2014, 1:00 p.m.: The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has formally demanded that Takata push through a nationwide recall of cars equipped with the suspect driver's-side airbags. Also, officials in Japan are calling for a recall expansion, after an airbag from an unspecified car not covered by previous recalls ruptured in testing. UPDATE 12/2/2014, 5:45 p.m.: Toyota and Honda have released similar statements urging for an "industry-wide joint initiative to independently test Takata airbag inflators." Meanwhile, Takata's chairman stated today that he'll create a "quality assurance panel" to scrutinize the company's production procedures. Takata and NHTSA officials today made statements before the U.S. House of Representatives subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade. NHTSA is still pushing for a nationwide expansion of the still-regional airbag recall—but for defective driver's-side airbags only; the agency says a coast-to-coast recall on passenger-side airbags isn't necessary. Such a large-scale recall, many say, would squeeze the limited supply of replacement parts in the most at-risk (read: humid) regions of the country. UPDATE 12/3/2014, 6:50 p.m.: Takata executives, as well as those from NHTSA and several automakers, again sat before Congress, discussing how this nightmare situation went unaddressed for so long, how it can be fixed promptly and properly, and how it will be prevented from happening again. Honda is expanding its recall nationwide, and Takata's internal testing has revealed high failure rates. UPDATE 12/4/2014, 10:25 a.m.: Chrysler, Ford, and Toyota have expanded their recalls of vehicles equipped with Takata airbags. Chrysler's recall update adds the passenger-side airbags of roughly 149,000 2003 Ram pickups (1500, 2500, and 3500), which were already part of a driver's-side airbag recall. The recall remains regional, encompassing trucks "sold or ever registered in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas and the U.S. territories of American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, Saipan, and the Virgin Islands." Chrysler says it is unaware of any accidents or injuries related to these airbag inflators and that no failures have occurred in laboratory tests. NHTSA has already stated is dissatisfaction with Chrysler's move: "Chrysler's latest recall is insufficient, doesn't meet our demands, and fails to include all inflators covered by Takata's defect information report." Ford's expanded recall is very similar to Chrysler's, adding passenger-side airbags to the repair list of about 13,000 vehicles (2004–2005 Rangers and 2005–2006 GTs) already involved in the regional Takata recalls. Ford is even more selective with the targeted locations: it covers vehicles "originally sold, or ever registered, in Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It adds certain zip codes with high absolute humidity conditions in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Guam, Saipan, and American Samoa." Toyota has recalled some 190,000 vehicles in China and Japan, many of them similar to the company's U.S.-market vehicles listed below. UPDATE 12/5/2014, 3:15 p.m.: Honda has announced the addition of 3 million vehicles to its list of affected cars—and also that its recall is now nationwide. Read more on this development in this story. UPDATE 12/18/2014, 10:50 a.m.: Ford has expanded the breadth of its recall for Takata driver's-side airbags, adding nearly 450,000 vehicles—all Mustangs and GTs—to its list. (Rangers are part of a separate action.) Mazda also expanded its recall to be nationwide for 2004–2008 Mazda 6 and RX-8 vehicles, upping its total of affected cars by about 265,000. Also, Chrysler recently added roughly 139,000 vehicles from the 2003–2005 model years to its regional recall, which now includes the previously unaffected areas of Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, American Samoa, Guam, and Saipan. (Also, the 2006–2007 Charger is now listed below, compensating for an oversight on NHTSA's outdated master list.) UPDATE 12/19/2014, 7:00 p.m.: Giving in to NHTSA's demands, Chrysler has drastically expanded its now-nationwide recall—by more than 2 million vehicles. A number of 2004–2007 model-year products, included below and specifically called out in this press release, are being called back to have their driver's-side airbag inflators replaced. The company reports only one related injury. According to The Detroit Free Press, BMW is now the last automaker (of five) holding out from NHTSA's demand for a nationwide airbag recall on affected vehicles. UPDATE 12/30/2014, 10:00 a.m.: BMW has added another 140,000 vehicles to its now-nationwide airbag-recall list, meaning that all five primary carmakers involved in this situation have ditched the regional recalls. Also, Takata president Stefan Stocker has stepped down from the presidency of Takata, and top company executives have agreed to take significant pay cuts. UPDATE 1/20/2015, 4:00 p.m.: Six panelists—including one who oversaw the Cerberus ownership of Chrysler—will join an independent review board in looking into Takata's manufacturing processes and recommending best practices for what has become one of the largest-ever auto recalls. Former U.S. transportation secretary (1989–1991) Samuel K. Skinner will lead the panel. UPDATE 2/11/2015, 10:25 a.m.: Takata—finally—is increasing its capacity to produce replacement airbag inflators at its plants around the world. By September, according to Automotive News, Takata will be able to make 900,000 replacement units per month. Upgraded assembly lines at a factory in Mexico have already increased that plant's capacity from 300,000 units per month to 450,000. Meanwhile, reports of people being seriously injured by these defective airbags continue to arise. UPDATE 2/20/2015, 4:10 p.m.: Takata faces civil fines of $14,000 per day for its alleged refusal to cooperate with a federal investigation over these defective airbags. The supplier has provided plenty of paperwork to NHTSA, but the agency found the "deluge of documents" unsatisfactory. UPDATE 3/12/2015, 12:10 p.m.: Honda has announced that it is instituting a voluntary advertising campaign urging owners of Honda and Acura automobiles to check for open airbag and safety recalls that may affect their vehicle. See one of the ads and read more in our story. UPDATE 3/19/2015, 2:25 p.m.: Honda has added about 105,000 vehicles to its recall list. These include nearly 90,000 Pilots from the 2008 model year as well as some 2004 Civics and 2001 Accords that previously weren't part of the recall. Our list below has been updated. UPDATE 3/23/2015, 1:40 p.m.: According to a new survey, a surprising and unnerving number of Americans evidently haven't bothered to get these potentially lethal airbags repaired. Just 12 percent of all cars recalled for faulty Takata airbags in the U.S. have been repaired. In Japan, conversely, a full 70 percent of the 3 million cars under recall have been repaired. UPDATE 4/14/2015, 2:30 p.m.: Honda has stated that the driver of a 2003 Civic was injured by a ruptured airbag during a crash in Florida on March 20. UPDATE 4/21/2015, 10:15 a.m.: Nissan has added another 45,000 Sentras from the 2006 model year to its large-scale recall for defective Takata airbags. Owners will be notified via FedEx. Affected cars, according to Nissan, are those "that currently are or previously were registered in Florida and adjacent counties in southern Georgia; Hawaii; Guam; Puerto Rico; Saipan; American Samoa; U.S. Virgin Islands; and coastal areas of Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas." This action was partially prompted by the investigation of a March crash in Louisiana in which a woman was injured by airbag shrapnel from her 2006 Sentra. UPDATE 5/13/2015, 3:15 p.m.: Toyota and Nissan announced new and expanded recall activity to replace potentially deadly Takata airbags in nearly 6.5 million vehicles worldwide. The recall affects nearly 1 million vehicles in North America. The Toyota RAV4 (model years 2004 and 2005), previously unaffected by these recalls, is now on the list; Toyota is recalling some 160,000 of the models to replace their driver's-side airbags. The RAV4 has been added to our comprehensive list below. UPDATE 5/19/2015, 6:15 p.m.: Takata has declared as defective nearly 34 million vehicles, which will lead to even more extensive recalls of vehicles with the company's airbags (individual automakers will elaborate on the specific cars added to the recalls in the very near future). In its testing of the suspect parts, Takata also found that driver's-side airbags in 2003–2007 Toyota Corolla and Matrix models (plus the Pontiac Vibe, a twin to the Matrix), as well as 2004–2007 Honda Accord models, are at the highest risk. In a news conference today, U.S. Secretary of Transportation Anthony Foxx called the expanded recall "the most complex consumer-safety recall in U.S. history." He added: "Up until now Takata has refused to acknowledge that their airbags are defective. That changes today." Also, the company has agreed to pay the U.S. government significant fines for not cooperating in the investigations of numerous injuries and deaths; the exact amount will be announced at a later date. UPDATE 5/20/2015, 1:00 p.m.: Unnamed sources have told Bloomberg that Takata changed its airbag propellant in 2008 to reduce the risk of overly forceful deployment and to address the moisture-related degradation of the propellant. UPDATE 5/27/2015, 10:00 a.m.: Next Tuesday, June 2, a panel from the U.S. House of Representativeswill hold a hearing to follow up on the status of this ongoing situation. "We have endured a year of Takata ruptures and recalls, and families are still at risk. No excuses. Michiganders, and all Americans, have a right to answers," committee chairman Fred Upton (R-Mich.) said in a statement. The most recent Congressional hearing took place in December. UPDATE 5/28/2015, 10:00 a.m.: Honda has added 259,479 vehicles to its Japanese-market recall tally,according to Automotive News. Affected model years are from 2002 through 2008, which marks the first time that 2008 Hondas have been included in this huge airbag recall. Honda soon will announce additional airbag recalls for the United States, which will be part of the massive recall expansion announced last week. UPDATE 5/28/2015, 1:25 p.m.: Chrysler and Honda have added hundreds of thousands of vehicles to their U.S.-market recall lists; this follows Takata's announcement last week that 34 million total vehicles were subject to action. At this point, Honda is saying only that it will add roughly 350,000 vehicles to its list, although "most of the vehicles deemed at risk in Takata's defect-determination report were already subject to previous voluntary actions taken by Honda." The Chrysler expansion details approximately 1.2 million of its vehicles that were part of last week's announcement, many of which are from model years that previously hadn't been flagged. Accordingly, the following have been added to our list below: 2009–2010 Chrysler 300, 2008–2010 Dodge Charger, 2009–2011 Dodge Dakota, 2005–2010 Dodge Magnum (no Magnums were previously recalled for this problem), 2009 Ram 2500 and 3500, 2009–2010 Ram 4500 and 5500, and 2008–2010 Mitsubishi Raider. UPDATE 5/28/2015, 5:00 p.m.: Ford has added more than 900,000 vehicles to its list of recalls for potentially defective airbags from Takata. The 2009–2014 Mustang and the 2006 Ranger are new additions to the list. The later-model Mustangs—recalled for driver's-side airbags—are by far the newest cars to be included in this incredibly broad recall action. UPDATE 5/29/2015, 6:25 p.m.: General Motors now has vehicles on the ever-growing list below (besides the Toyota-built Pontiac Vibe): it is recalling heavy-duty examples of 2007 and 2008 Chevy Silverados and GMC Sierras. Also, Subaru has quadrupled the number of its vehicles subject to this airbag recall; that company's additions are all 2004–2005 Imprezas. UPDATE 6/2/2015, 10:30 a.m.: A Congressional hearing on this matter is scheduled for today at 2 p.m. We'll cover the event throughout the afternoon. Meanwhile, yesterday a Takata executive announced that the company proposes "to replace all" of the troublesome " 'batwing-shaped' propellant wafers" installed in North America. We should know a lot more later today. UPDATE 6/2/2015, 3:35 p.m.: Highlights so far from today's Congressional hearing come mostly from NHTSA administrator Mark Rosekind. He encourages consumers to frequently visit safercar.gov to see whether their vehicle and its VIN have been added to the list; he promises that the website will have VIN information for every single individual car affected by these expansive recalls within two weeks. Rosekind is calling for carmakers to be more diligent in tracking down vehicles that have passed through multiple owners over the years so that the current owner gets recall notices as quickly as possible. If NHTSA had the authority, Rosekind says, it would have forced off the road vehicles affected by the Takata recalls sometime in 2014. Rosekind also points out that the suspect Takata airbag inflator has 10 different configurations, which complicates discernment of the root cause. Also, Energy and Commerce Committee chairman Fred Upton (R-Mich.) has pointed out that, "The messaging around these airbag recalls has been tortured at best," and notes that Takata is trying "to perfect an innumerable set of manufacturing variables, which for 10-plus years have resisted perfection." UPDATE 6/2/2015, 4:55 p.m.: Sitting before the Congressional committee, Takata executive VP Kevin Kennedy states that he believes ammonium nitrate—a propellant that he admits is "a factor" in these rupturing airbags—is safe to use in his company's products, including airbags installed as replacements in these recalls. He admits, though, that all of the defective airbags discovered in testing have used this type of propellant; Takata is, Kennedy says, transitioning to using guanidine nitrate, a propellant that other airbag suppliers already use. He reassures consumers that not all of the millions of recalled airbag inflators are defective and also that his company is testing components "outside the scope of the recall" to make sure that the callbacks are far-reaching enough. He also claims that his company shipped 740,000 replacement kits in May, in addition to supplying loads of airbags for new-car production. UPDATE 6/2/2015, 7:05 p.m.: Now posted: our full story on today's developments and how Takata plans to handle this situation moving forward. UPDATE 6/4/2015, 3:00 p.m.: Takata has informed Reuters that at least 10 percent of the 4 million replacement airbag inflators installed as part of these recalls will have to be replaced again. The number could be much greater, as Reuters notes, "the safety of more than 3 million replacement parts [is also] in question." A NHTSA official said the agency will push Takata and individual carmakers to "demonstrate to us that the remedy parts are safe for the life of the vehicle." UPDATE 6/5/2015, 10:10 a.m.: Mazda has added more than 100,000 vehicles to its list of recalls, bringing the total to roughly 450,000. New to the list are the 2003 Mazda 6 and the 2006 B-series pickup; additional Mazdas from previously noted model years in the rundown below, including the RX-8 and the Mazdaspeed 6, are part of this expanded recall. The cars are being recalled for driver's-side airbag inflators, while the pickups are called back for their passenger-side airbags. Also, former Takata president Stefan Stocker, who resigned that position in December, has now left his spoton the company's board of directors. Takata's senior vice president of global quality assurance, Hiroshi Shimizu, has been named to the board, along with two other new appointments. Last December, speaking before the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, Shimizu "rebuffed NHTSA's claims that several million driver's-side airbags now demonstrate a national safety risk." UPDATE 6/10/2015, 10:00 a.m.: A lawsuit filed with the U.S. District Court in Lafayette, Louisiana, alleges that a 22-year-old woman was killed in early April when her 2005 Honda Civic's driver's-side airbag "violently exploded and sent metal shards, shrapnel and/or other foreign material into the passenger compartment," Automotive News reports. Her car hit a telephone pole on April 5, two days before she received a recall notice for her car's Takata-supplied airbags. She died on April 9. Her death, if it was indeed caused by the airbag, would become the seventh attributed to a failed Takata airbag. The other six fatalities have all occurred in Honda vehicles, and only one crash happened outside of the United States. UPDATE 6/11/2015, 10:25 a.m.: There are many millions of vehicles involved in these recalls, but it seems as though 34 million, a figure that Takata announced in mid-May, might be far too high. (That figure was forinflators, not vehicles, although few cars seem to be afflicted with multiple defective airbags.) Reuters reports that the number is probably more like 16.2 million vehicles. Keep in mind, though, that Nissan and Toyota may not have yet announced their recall expansions in response to Takata's aforementioned mid-May announcement. The figures in our chart below, as it appears today, add up to 15.97 million vehicles, which is within two percent of Reuters' figure. UPDATE 6/12/2015, 11:35 a.m.: Honda has announced that its financial results for the fiscal year that ended on March 31 will take a $363 million hit because of costs associated with repairing vehicles involved in the Takata recalls. UPDATE 6/14/2015, 7:00 p.m.: Honda has confirmed that the death of Kylan Langlinais, whose 2005 Civic crashed in Louisiana on April 5 and which we detailed above on June 10, was indeed a result of the ruptured Takata-supplied airbag in her car. Automotive News reports that this is the second of seven deaths—all in Honda vehicles—where "a driver received a [recall or safety-campaign] notification too late." Honda has recalled roughly 5.5 million vehicles with Takata airbag inflators in the United States. UPDATE 6/15/2015, 10:45 p.m.: Honda has added nearly 1.4 million airbag inflators to this ever-expanding recall. The new recall is for passenger-side airbags on 2003–2007 Accord and 2001–2005 Civic models—two vehicles with the highest defect rates uncovered in Takata tests. According to Automotive News, most of these particular vehicles have already been recalled for their driver's-side airbags. UPDATE 6/16/2015, 12:10 p.m.: Daimler has recalled 40,061 Sprinter vans for their passenger-side airbags. Dodge-branded Sprinters from 2006–2008 are included, as are Freightliner-badged Sprinters from 2007–2008. Vans in both 2500 and 3500 capacities are being recalled. UPDATE 6/16/2015, 3:15 p.m.: Toyota has announced that 1,365,000 more vehicles are subject to its airbag recalls. All of these particular vehicles are being called in for their passenger-side airbags. Specific models involved are: 2003–2007 Corolla and Corolla Matrix, 2005–2007 Sequoia, 2005–2006 Tundra, and 2003–2007 Lexus SC430. Takata recalls now cover some 2.9 million vehicles in the United States. A report in Automotive News notes that 24 incidents of "incorrect deployments" of Takata airbags have been recorded worldwide in Toyota vehicles, with at least eight reports of injuries and no deaths. UPDATE 6/18/2015, 11:15 a.m.: NHTSA finally knows the full scope of this massive, ongoing airbag recall. The 11 carmakers involved have identified every vehicle identification number (VIN) covered by the recall. Check your VIN by using the government agency's search tool. Also of note: The Senate Commerce Committee will meet next week to hear testimony from NHTSA experts, the Transportation Department's Office of the Inspector General, and representatives from Takata and automakers regarding the recall. UPDATE 6/19/2015, 4:50 p.m.: General Motors has added some 243,000 Pontiac Vibes to its tally of the already-recalled hatchback, which was built alongside the Toyota Matrix in the mid-2000s. The Vibes in this action, from the 2003–2007 model years, are being recalled for their passenger-side airbags. The 2006 and 2007 model years previously had not been affected. UPDATE 6/20/2015, 12:15 a.m.: Honda has confirmed that an eighth person's death was caused by a defective airbag in one of its products. The woman who died was involved in a crash last August in Los Angeles; she was driving a rented 2001 Civic. Bloomberg reports that this particular vehicle was part of four airbag-recall campaigns between 2009 and 2014, each of which resulted in notifications being mailed to the car's registered owner, who never had the recalls addressed. UPDATE 6/23/2015, 11:30 a.m.: Another hearing on this matter is happening in Congress today. Early points of note include:• NHTSA's Mark Rosekind estimates that the 34 million defective airbag inflators are installed in 32 million vehicles, so only a small percentage of affected cars have more than one defective airbag. Those figures may still not be entirely accurate, however.• For months, NHTSA has been coming under fire for how it has handled the Takata situation and other recent large-scale automotive recalls. Staffing and funding are an issue for the government agency, butSenator Claire McCaskill said this morning that "I'm not about to give you more money" until major reforms are made.• Fiat-Chrysler has hired TRW to supply replacements for the defective Takata parts in its recalled vehicles. Takata has been supplying the industry at large with a major portion of the required replacement airbags thus far. FCA senior vice president Scott Kunselman said during the hearing that his company would only use replacement airbags from TRW and is confident that customers will not need to return for subsequent repairs. UPDATE 6/23/2015, 3:45 p.m.: Takata still does not know the root cause of its airbag failures and stopped short of guaranteeing its replacement parts. The company's executive vice president in North America, Kevin Kennedy, testified today during the company's third Congressional hearing that "many of the replacement parts are alternative designs" but that it was continuing to test these replacements as it ramps up production to 1 million parts per month. "What we do know is that it takes a considerably long time for these problems to manifest," Kennedy said to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. UPDATE 6/25/2015, 10:50 a.m.: Following Takata's annual shareholders meeting in Tokyo today,company president Shigehisa Takada publicly apologized for the deaths, injuries, and issues that have been caused by the airbags produced by the company that his grandfather founded in 1933. "I apologize for not having been able to communicate directly earlier, and also apologize for people who died or were injured," Takada said, according to Bloomberg. "I feel sorry our products hurt customers, despite the fact that we are a supplier of safety products." The apology came on the heels of Toyota and Honda adding another 3 million vehicles to the worldwide list of those recalled. UPDATE 6/26/2015, 10:30 a.m.: Reuters reports that Takata president Shigehisa Takada took a major pay cut last year, earning less than 100 million yen (about $810,000) compared with the $1.67 million he took home the year before. His wages could have been much less than ¥100 million, since, as Reuters says, "Japanese companies are required to disclose individual executive compensation only if it exceeds 100 million yen." Other senior executives at Takata also earned less money last year. Following up on news that we first covered on June 12, Honda has restated its operating profit for last yearafter taking into account costs associated with repairing vehicles fitted with potentially defective Takata-supplied airbags. The effective cash loss of about $363 million remains as previously stated, bringing Honda's operating profit for the fiscal year that ended in March to $4.92 billion. UPDATE 6/30/2015, 10:30 a.m.: According to a recent audit by the Department of Transportation's Inspector General, NHTSA—the agency that has been at the forefront of the examinations of these Takata airbag recalls—is full of incompetent, mismanaged staff who are practically set up by their superiors to fail.Read our analysis here. UPDATE 7/8/2015, 9:55 a.m.: The airbag in a Nissan X-Trail started a fire after the Takata-supplied device went off with excessive force during a crash in Japan, according to Automotive News. The passenger-side airbag "exploded, smashing the passenger-side window and sending high-temperature fragments into the dashboard, causing a fire." The driver sustained minor injuries in the crash. UPDATE 7/9/2015, 9:35 a.m.: Honda has recalled another 4.5 million vehicles, bringing the total number of its cars and SUVs involved in Takata-airbag-related actions to 24.5 million. None of this newest batch were sold in North America; more than one-third are in Japan. This latest recall expands upon a mid-May recall of 4.8 million non-North-American Honda vehicles. UPDATE 7/12/2015, 9:45 p.m.: Nearly 90,000 Dodge Challengers from model years 2008 through 2010 have been added to this ever-growing airbag recall. According to Automotive News and Bloomberg, Chrysler will recall 88,346 of the pony cars for possibly defective driver's-side airbags. Prior to this action, no Challengers had been recalled for this issue. UPDATE 8/12/2015, 11:50 a.m.: Takata soon will begin a large-scale regional advertising campaign focused on raising awareness around the installation of replacement airbag inflators in affected vehicles. According to Automotive News and Bloomberg, the campaign is "a robust digital advertising campaign" that will include red "Urgent Airbag Recall Notice" banner ads on websites such as CNN and Facebook. Only high-humidity locales will be targeted with the ads: Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas, as well as Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Also, a direct-mail campaign will target 85 percent of the U.S. market. UPDATE 8/18/2015, 10:00 a.m.: Volkswagen is now part of NHTSA's probe on Takata-supplied airbags, following the rupture of a side airbag in a 2015 Tiguan during a crash involving a deer in June, Automotive News reports. No one in the vehicle was hurt. If this problem is related to that which spurred the massive recall for Takata's front airbags, it would be notable as the first report of the issue affecting side airbags, Volkswagen vehicles, and a model later than the 2011 model year (with the exception of the 2014 Ford Mustang). A Takata spokesman told AN, "We believe [this malfunction] is unrelated to the previous recalls, which the extensive data suggests were a result of aging and long-term exposure to heat and high humidity." Automotive News points out that Volkswagen and Tesla are the only carmakers currently using Takata inflators that so far haven't been subject to the recall actions detailed here. UPDATE 8/20/2015, 2:45 p.m.: Following news earlier this week about the rupture of a side airbag in a 2015 VW Tiguan, two U.S. senators on the committee investigating these defective airbags are calling for the immediate recall of all vehicles that use Takata-supplied airbags. A statement on Connecticut senator Richard Blumenthal's website concludes: "In light of the most recent incident, which did not occur in one of the regions originally designated as 'high humidity,' and which involved a 2015 vehicle not currently subject to recall, we urge you to voluntarily recall all vehicles containing Takata airbags." UPDATE 8/21/2015, 3:45 p.m.: Toyota said it would consider using replacement airbag inflators from other suppliers, including Autoliv, Daicel, and Nippon Kayaku, as Takata faces a production backlog and scrutiny over whether its replacement parts are just as defective. From the beginning, Takata had agreed to let its competitors produce replacement parts alongside its own. Toyota has about 12 million cars affected worldwide. UPDATE 9/2/2015, 12:15 p.m.: NHTSA has announced that its previous totals for how many U.S.-market vehicles are affected by this Takata airbag recall were vastly overestimated. The most recent figure that the government agency is reporting is 19.2 million vehicles affected, containing 23.4 million defective inflators (since the late 1990s, cars sold in the U.S. have been required to feature at least two airbags). NHTSA had been saying that 34 million defective inflators were in some 30 million cars and trucks here in America. NHTSA's updated figure is much closer to the total number of vehicles represented on our list below, which currently stands at 18.6 million. UPDATE 9/28/2015, 12:30 p.m.: These recalls could soon grow to include additional carmakers. Via letter, NHTSA recently contacted seven automakers that aren't currently included in the Takata recalls but which have used Takata-supplied airbags containing the suspect ammonium-nitrate propellant. The companies are Jaguar Land Rover, Mercedes-Benz, Suzuki, Tesla, Volkswagen, Volvo (trucks), as well as specialty manufacturer Spartan Motors. According to The Detroit News, NHTSA said in the letter that the "remedy programs that are individual to each of the affected vehicle manufacturers have created a patch-work solution that NHTSA believes may not adequately address the safety risks presented by the defective inflators within a reasonable time. . . . This process is intended to produce solutions for the prioritization, organization, and phasing of remedy programs, and to appropriately address the multitude of factors contributing to the complexity of these recall programs." UPDATE 10/19/2015, 5:35 p.m.: General Motors is recalling a few hundred 2015-model-year cars and crossover vehicles for potentially faulty Takata-sourced side airbags; these vehicles aren't yet shown on our comprehensive list below, but they're called out in the post linked here. Unlike these GM products, all of the vehicles currently noted below are being recalled for front airbags, and nearly all of them are from the 2011 model year or prior. Also, NHTSA is planning to disclose more details—including additional manufacturers subject to the recalls beyond the current eleven—during a hearing on October 22. UPDATE 10/22/2015, 12:50 p.m.: In a public hearing today, NHTSA administrator Mark Rosekind revealed more information about this massive recall situation. Nationwide, only 22.5 percent of recalled vehicles have actually been fixed. It's only slightly better in the humid Gulf of Mexico region, where recalls have been completed in 29.5 percent of affected vehicles even though airbag inflators in those locales are more likely to explode upon deployment. Some inflators have been replaced with newer, but still at-risk, identical components. Of the 115,000 removed inflators that Takata has tested, 450 have ruptured. At NHTSA's request, the 11 affected automakers conducted a risk assessment, which found that six million total inflators in the United States "are in the highest-risk group that should take top priority for replacement parts," according to Automotive News, while roughly 11 million are in the middle-priority group and two million are least at risk. In general, the older the vehicle and the more humid the environment, the higher the priority that the airbag inflator(s) be replaced. UPDATE 10/26/2015, 11:30 a.m.: The Volkswagen Group is gathering and testing Takata-supplied airbags, Automotive News reports. The company expressed to NHTSA a concern about the supply of replacement parts, if the Takata recalls are expanded to VW's brands, which seems likely at this point. VW is currently unaffected by these extensive recalls, but as we noted in August, a 2015 Tiguan experienced a side-airbag rupture. All told, U.S.-market VW Group products are fitted with roughly 2.4 million Takata airbag inflators. UPDATE 11/2/2015, 4:00 p.m.: Honda is recalling a group of 515 2016 CR-Vs for driver's-side front airbag inflators that could separate in the event of a crash. UPDATE 11/3/2015, 6:00 p.m.: The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has issued Takata a record civil penalty of at least $70 million. The airbag supplier could be responsible for paying NHTSA as much as $200 million total if further violations are discovered. As part of the issuance, NHTSA has orderedthat Takata "phase out the manufacture and sale of inflators that use phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate propellant." UPDATE 11/4/2015, 9:45 a.m.: Honda has announced that it will no longer use airbag components from Takata. In a statement, Honda said: "We have become aware of evidence that suggests that Takata misrepresented and manipulated test data for certain airbag inflators." According to Automotive News, Honda has been Takata's biggest customer for many years. UPDATE 11/6/2015, 9:55 a.m.: Following Honda's lead, both Toyota and Mazda have said they will stop purchasing airbag inflators from Takata, at least those that incorporate ammonium nitrate. According toAutomotive News, Mitsubishi and Subaru also are considering dropping the airbag supplier. Nearly 40 percent of Takata's sales in 2014 came from airbag parts. UPDATE 11/9/2015, 10:35 a.m.: Nissan has now joined Toyota, Mazda, and Honda in announcing that it will no longer use Takata-supplied airbag inflators. The Automotive News report on Nissan's declaration also notes that Takata lost $70 million in the second quarter of 2015. UPDATE 11/23/2015, 1:45 p.m.: Ford is the latest carmaker to declare that it will no longer use Takata airbag inflators with ammonium-nitrate propellant in its new cars. Ford is the first non-Japanese company to take this step. UPDATE 11/25/2015, 11:00 a.m.: Internal employee communications reviewed by The Wall Street Journal show Takata withheld airbag-inflator failures in reports to Honda in 2000, four years before that automaker began its own initial investigation of a ruptured Takata airbag in a customer car. The documents show Takata's U.S. employees were voicing concerns over their Japanese colleagues doctoring data as "the way we do business in Japan." Takata says the "lapses were and are totally incompatible with Takata's engineering standards and protocols." UPDATE 12/4/2015, 11:00 a.m.: Japan's transport ministry has banned Takata airbag inflators that use ammonium nitrate as the propellant (and without a moisture-absorbing desiccant) from being installed in future cars. According to Automotive News, such airbags "will be phased out from driver-side airbags by 2017 and passenger-side devices by 2018." Vehicle models that are subject to Takata-related recalls have a six-month-shorter time frame for the phase-out. As noted above, NHTSA announced a similar ban for U.S.-market vehicles on November 3. UPDATE 12/23/2015, 12:15 p.m.: NHTSA announced today that another person has died as a result of a faulty Takata airbag inflator. The fatal July 2015 crash occurred in a 2001 Honda Accord. Although the crash happened in Pennsylvania, the car had spent several years in the humid Gulf region. Also, the agency has been informed of five new ruptures to passenger-side airbags, which is "likely" to result in expanded recalls of the 2002–2004 Honda CR-V, the 2005–2008 Mazda 6, and the 2005–2008 Subaru Legacy. (The Honda and Mazda models and model years are already reflected on the list below.) UPDATE 1/4/2016, 3:00 p.m.: The New York Times has detailed the contents of some internal Takata emails from more than nine years ago. As far back as 2000, internal reports revealed that there were "several instances [of] 'pressure vessel failures,' or airbag ruptures, . . . reported to Honda as normal airbag deployments." One airbag engineer, according to the in-depth NYT story, wrote in a 2005 report "that he had been 'repeatedly exposed to the Japanese practice of altering data presented to the customer,' adding that such conduct was described at Takata as 'the way we do business in Japan.' " In the same report, the engineer "warned that while the fudging of the data had initially not changed the fundamental conclusions of the data, the practice had 'gone beyond all reasonable bounds and now most likely constitutes fraud.' " In 2006, the same engineer wrote "Happy Manipulating!!!" in an email to a colleague about how to graphically deemphasize the "bimodal distribution" of some tests conducted at high temperatures. He also suggested that his co-worker use "thick and thin lines to try and dress it up, or [change] colors to divert attention." Takata maintains that "the emails in question are completely unrelated to the current airbag inflater recalls." A Honda spokesman wouldn't comment on the emails but said that his employer was "aware of evidence that suggests that Takata misrepresented and manipulated test data." Meanwhile, Automotive News reports that some Japanese carmakers "may jointly invest in Takata" in order to soften the financial hit that the airbag supplier is facing as a result of these massive recalls. UPDATE 1/8/2016, 4:15 p.m.: Mazda will recall 374,000 cars in the United States due to their passenger-side airbags. According to Automotive News, these airbags were found to be "prone to ruptures" in recent tests by Takata. The 2003–2008 Mazda 6, the 2006–2007 Mazdaspeed 6, and the 2004 RX-8 are affected; these models had already been included on our list below, and we've increased the total accordingly. UPDATE 1/22/2016, 3:30 p.m.: A Georgia man died last month in a Takata airbag–related crash while driving a 2006 Ford Ranger. His death marks the first of nine in the United States and ten worldwide that have not occurred in a Honda vehicle. In the wake of this news, U.S. safety regulators are expected to add another 5 million vehicles to the Takata recall list detailed below. Automotive News notes that 1 million of those added vehicles have inflators "similar to those installed on the Ford Ranger," while the other 4 million are being recalled following results of new tests on Takata airbags. Audi and Mercedes-Benz products will be included on the list below for the first time. UPDATE 1/26/2016, 9:30 a.m.: Ford has expanded its recall of 2004–2006 Ranger pickups, followingnews last week of a driver who died as a result of injuries he received from airbag shrapnel. The recall is for driver's-side airbags in 361,692 Rangers in the United States and another 29,334 in Canada. These trucks had already been recalled for their passenger-side airbags. All 2004–2006 Rangers built in North America are part of this recall. UPDATE 1/27/2016, 12:45 p.m.: The driver of a 2007 Honda Civic was killed in India last year in a crash that involved at least one Takata-sourced airbag that sent shrapnel flying into the cabin. An American Honda spokesman told the Associated Press that the driver was likely killed by other injuries sustained in the high-speed crash and not those inflicted by the defective airbag(s). The 2007 Civic is not currently part of Honda's recalls in the U.S., but it might be added to the list soon. UPDATE 2/3/2016, 10:15 a.m.: Mazda has recalled all 2004–2006 B-series pickups for potentially defective driver's-side airbags. The B-series is a rebadged Ford Ranger, and this recall expansion mirrors the one we described on January 26 for the Ranger. Some 19,000 Mazda trucks are affected in the U.S., Puerto Rico, and Saipan. These B-series models had previously been recalled for their passenger-side airbags. In total, Mazda says it has issued recalls for 442,266 driver's-side airbag inflators and 416,475 passenger-side inflators. The up-to-date list of Mazdas is below; many have recalls outstanding for multiple airbags. UPDATE 2/3/2016, 6:00 p.m.: Honda dealerships in the U.S. have received letters from the carmaker stating that a new recall and stop-sale order applies to a long list of used Honda products: 2007–2011 CR-V, 2011–2015 CR-Z, 2009–2013 Fit, 2013–2014 Fit EV, 2010–2014 Insight, and 2007–2014 Ridgeline. According to Automotive News, if dealers don't abide by the stop-sale order, they could be liable for any injuries that occur as a result of defective Takata airbags in these cars, which number some 1.7 million. The aforementioned vehicles have not yet been added to our list below because the news is not yet official. UPDATE 2/4/2016, 8:30 a.m.: Honda has officially issued recalls for Takata-supplied "PSDI-5″ driver's-side airbags on 2.23 million vehicles. The Honda-branded vehicles are: 2007–2011 CR-V, 2007–2014 Ridgeline, 2009–2014 Fit, 2010–2014 FCX Clarity, 2010–2014 Insight, 2011–2015 CR-Z. Acura vehicles affected by this recall are: 2005–2012 RL, 2007–2016 RDX (early production MY2016 vehicles only), 2009–2014 TL, 2010–2013 ZDX, 2013–2016 ILX (early production MY2016 vehicles only). These vehicles have been added to our list below. According to Honda, "Due to the large volume of new inflators needed to repair vehicles, the necessary replacement parts will not become available until Summer 2016." Older vehicles and those in high-humidity locales will be given priority for the replacement parts. In the meantime, dealers have been issued stop-sale instructions for affected vehicles that haven't been repaired. These recalls are in addition to the 6.28 million Hondas and Acuras that had already been recalled for their airbags. UPDATE 2/8/2016, 11:00 a.m.: Seat-mounted side-airbag inflators with the code name "SSI-20" are now under recall. Takata says this recall is limited only to inflators manufactured between December 13 and 14, 2014. A total of 1129 Volkswagen and General Motors vehicles from the 2015 model year are equipped with these inflators. NHTSA began investigating Takata side airbags in August after a side airbag in a 2015 Volkswagen Tiguan ruptured in June. UPDATE 2/9/2016, 2:10 p.m.: Daimler is recalling some 705,000 Mercedes-Benz cars and 136,000 Daimler vans in the U.S. market because NHTSA has indicated that the vehicles could contain defective Takata-supplied airbags. The Mercedes-Benzes are all from the 2005–2014 model years: SLK, C-class, E-class, M-class, GL-class, R-class, and SLS. The newly recalled vans are 2007–2014 Sprinters with Dodge, Freightliner, or Mercedes badges. (Some 2006–2008 Sprinters had been added to the recall in June 2015.) UPDATE 2/10/2016, 11:30 a.m.: Audi, BMW, and Volkswagen are recalling some 1.7 million U.S.-market vehicles for potentially defective Takata-sourced driver's-side airbags. The Audi recall covers 170,000 vehicles from model years 2006 through 2013. The Audis involved are: 2006–2013 A3, 2006–2009 A4 cabriolet, 2009–2012 Q5, and 2010–2011 A5 cabriolet. BMW is recalling 840,000 vehicles from 2006 through 2015; these vehicles weren't among the roughly 765,000 that BMW had previously recalled for Takata airbags. The BMWs involved are: 2006–2011 3-series sedan and M3, 2006–2012 3-series wagon, 2007–2013 3-series and M3 coupe and convertible, 2007–2010 X3, 2007–2013 X5, 2008–2013 1-series coupe and convertible, 2008–2014 X6, and 2013–2015 X1. The Volkswagen-branded vehicles, numbering 680,000, are from 2006 through 2014. The VWs involved are: 2009–2014 CC, 2010–2014 Jetta SportWagen and Golf, 2012–2014 Eos and U.S.-built Passat sedan, and 2006–2010 German-built Passat sedan and wagon. UPDATE 2/13/2016, 11:30 a.m.: NHTSA has updated its website with more specifics regarding what Mercedes-Benz models are affected by this recall. They are detailed in an update to this story that we published earlier this week. The general models are as follows, and they've been updated on our list below: 2005–2011 C-class (excluding C55 AMG but including 2009–2011 C63 AMG); 2010–2011 E-class sedan, wagon, coupe, and convertible; 2009–2012 GL-class; 2010–2012 GLK-class; 2009–2011 M-class; 2009–2012 R-class; 2007–2008 SLK-class; 2011–2014 SLS AMG coupe and roadster; 2007–2014 Sprinter. Also new to the list below is the 2006–2007 Chrysler Crossfire, which was based on a Mercedes-Benz. A total of 5283 Crossfires have been recalled. UPDATE 2/16/2016, 11:00 a.m.: General Motors has added roughly 200,000 Saab and Saturn products in the U.S. and Canada to its list of vehicles covered by this recall. The cars involved are: 2003–2011 Saab 9-3, 2010–2011 Saab 9-5, and 2008–2009 Saturn Astra. These vehicles—numbering 179,861 in the U.S.—have been added to our list below. UPDATE 2/17/2016, 6:15 p.m.: According to a report in the New York Times, Takata executives allegedly withheld test results from its defective airbag inflators and destroyed evidence as early as 2000. A top Takata executive is alleged to have ordered that failed parts be "discarded" and doctored a report. UPDATE 2/22/2016, 7:30 a.m.: Reuters is reporting that the number of Takata airbag inflators recalled in the United States could nearly quadruple, with the addition of between 70 and 90 million units. That could bring the total of recalled Takata airbag inflators containing ammonium nitrate to as high as 120 million. (Some cars have more than one recalled airbag, so the overall vehicle total would be lower.) Reuters says that "Takata produced between 260 million and 285 million ammonium nitrate-based inflators worldwide between 2000 and 2015, of which nearly half wound up in U.S. vehicles." The news service also notes that, "Takata produced most of the inflators that regulators are now investigating at its main inflator plant in Monclova, Mexico, or at plants in Georgia and Washington state, according to company documents." UPDATE 2/23/2016, 2:15 p.m.: A group of 10 carmakers known as the Independent Testing Coalitionhired a company called Orbital ATK (which works with rocket propulsion-systems) to conduct its own tests of suspect Takata airbag inflators. The conclusions, according to Automotive News, are that "it was the combination of these three factors—the use of ammonium nitrate, the construction of Takata's inflator assembly, and the exposure to heat and humidity—that made the inflators vulnerable to rupture." These results are consistent with Takata's internal testing as well as testing by the Fraunhofer Group. UPDATE 3/2/2016, 3:30 p.m.: Toyota has recalled another 198,000 vehicles in the U.S. for suspect Takata-supplied, passenger-side airbags. The 2008 Corolla and Corolla Matrix, as well as the 2008–2010 Lexus SC430, are now included in this action. (Earlier model years of these vehicles were already included in this recall.) UPDATE 3/30/2016, 3:15 p.m.: According to court documents reviewed by Reuters, Honda requested that Takata redesign its faulty airbag inflators to be "fail-safe" back in 2009. That was after the company first recalled a small population of cars in 2008 after defective Takata airbag inflators in Honda models were linked to four injuries and one death. The revised inflators, which Honda began installing in 2011, have four additional holes to vent gas so that if the inflators rupture, the metal enclosure is less likely to break apart and become shrapnel. Honda did not notify NHTSA of the design change and denied that it ever had to do so, stating that it used revised parts to prevent "future manufacturing errors." Takata is facing a bevy of lawsuits, some of which are being consolidated in a federal court in Miami. Much worse, however, are the recalls themselves. According to Bloomberg, a Takata insider has estimated the cost of recalling every single airbag inflator with ammonium nitrate—a number in excess of 280 million—to be $24 billion. UPDATE 4/1/2016, 5:00 p.m.: According to NHTSA, 7.5 million defective airbag inflators have been replaced as of March 11. That's 33 percent out of 22.5 million. But that doesn't include another 5 million inflators recalled in February. Using those numbers, Reuters pegs the repair rate at about 25 percent, using a baseline of 29 million defective inflators. Check out NHTSA's Takata website to see the recall-completion rates by manufacturer. Honda has the highest completion rate, at 54 percent, but several carmakers have rates of less than 20 percent. Expect NHTSA to update its numbers soon. UPDATE 4/7/2016, 3:15 p.m.: Honda has reported a death from an airbag rupture in a 2002 Civic under recall. According to KTRK-TV in Houston, 17-year-old Huma Hanif rear-ended another car on March 31 in Richmond, Texas. Although her airbag deployed, investigators determined the crash wasn't severe enough to kill the teenager. Her throat was lacerated by the airbag inflator and a witness described her collapsing after exiting her car. Hanif is the 11th Takata-related death worldwide, the 10th in the U.S., and the 10th in a Honda. UPDATE 4/14/2016, 11:00 a.m.: NHTSA has stated that there are 85 million Takata airbag inflators in the United States that haven't been recalled at this point. Of that 85 million, 43.4 million are passenger-side inflators, 26.9 million are for side airbags, and 14.5 million are installed in steering wheels. Takata "has until 2019 to demonstrate that all of the unrecalled airbag inflators are safe," according to Automotive News, which counts 28.8 million airbags as being recalled at this point. UPDATE: 5/3/2016, 6:15 p.m.: The Wall Street Journal reports that Takata will recall roughly 35 million additional airbag inflators in the U.S., involving tens of millions of vehicles. NHTSA may announce the expansion as early as this week. AFFECTED VEHICLES (total U.S.-market number in parentheses, if known): Acura: 2002–2003, 2009–2014 TL; 2003 CL; 2003–2006 MDX; 2005–2012 Acura RL; 2007–2016 RDX; 2010–2013 ZDX; 2013–2016 ILX Audi (approximately 170,000): 2006–2013 A3; 2006–2009 A4 cabriolet; 2009–2012 Q5; 2010–2011 A5 cabriolet; 2015 Q5 BMW (approximately 1,605,000): 2000–2011 3-series sedan; 2000–2012 3-series wagon; 2002–2013 3-series coupe and convertible; 2001–2013 M3 coupe and convertible; 2002–2003 5-series and M5; 2003–2004, 2007–2013 X5; 2007–2010 X3; 2008–2013 1-series coupe and convertible; 2008–2011 M3 sedan; 2008–2014 X6; 2013–2015 X1 Buick: 2015 LaCrosse Cadillac: 2015 XTS Chevrolet (510,454, including Buick, Cadillac, GMC, Saab, and Saturn): 2007–2008 Chevrolet Silverado HD; 2015 Camaro, Equinox, Malibu Chrysler: 2005–2010 Chrysler 300; 2006–2007 Crossfire; 2007–2008 Aspen Daimler: 2006–2008 Dodge Sprinter 2500 and 3500; 2007–2014 Freightliner Sprinter 2500 and 3500 Dodge/Ram (approximately 5.64 million, including Chrysler, not including Daimler-built Sprinter): 2003–2008 Dodge Ram 1500; 2005–2010 Charger and Magnum; 2005–2011 Dakota; 2004–2008 Durango; 2003–2009 Ram 2500 and 3500; 2008–2010 Challenger, Ram 4500, and Ram 5500 Ford (1,509,535): 2004–2006 Ranger; 2005–2006 GT; 2005–2014 Mustang GMC: 2007–2008 GMC Sierra HD; 2015 Terrain Honda (approximately 8.51 million, including Acura): 2001–2007 Accord (four-cylinder); 2001–2002 Accord (V-6); 2001–2005 Civic; 2002–2011, 2016 CR-V; 2002–2004 Odyssey; 2003–2005 Civic Hybrid; 2003–2011 Element; 2003–2008 Pilot; 2006–2014 Ridgeline; 2009–2014 Fit; 2010–2014 FCX Clarity; 2010–2014 Insight; 2011–2015 CR-Z Infiniti: 2001–2004 Infiniti I30/I35; 2002–2003 Infiniti QX4; 2003–2005 Infiniti FX35/FX45; 2006 Infiniti M35/M45 Lexus: 2002–2010 SC430 Mazda (approximately 500,000): 2003–2008 Mazda 6; 2006–2007 Mazdaspeed 6; 2004–2008 Mazda RX-8; 2004 MPV; 2004–2006 B-series Mercedes-Benz (approximately 847,627, including Daimler): 2005–2011 C-class (excluding C55 AMG but including 2009–2011 C63 AMG); 2007–2008 SLK-class; 2007–2014 Sprinter; 2009–2012 GL-class; 2009–2011 M-class, 2009–2012 R-class; 2010–2011 E-class sedan, wagon, coupe, and convertible; 2010–2012 GLK-class; 2011–2014 SLS AMG coupe and roadster Mitsubishi (104,994): 2004–2006 Lancer and Lancer Evolution; 2006–2009 Raider Nissan (approximately 1,091,000, including Infiniti): 2001–2003 Maxima; 2002–2004 Pathfinder; 2002–2006 Nissan Sentra Pontiac (approximately 300,000): 2003–2007 Vibe Saab: 2003–2011 9-3; 2005 9-2X; 2010–2011 9-5 Saturn: 2008–2009 Astra Subaru (approximately 80,000): 2003–2005 Baja, Legacy, Outback; 2004–2005 Impreza, Impreza WRX, Impreza WRX STI Toyota (approximately 3,113,000, including Lexus): 2002–2007 Toyota Sequoia; 2003–2008 Corolla and Corolla Matrix; 2003–2006 Tundra; 2004–2005 RAV4 Volkswagen (680,000): 2006–2010, 2012–2014 Passat; 2009–2014 CC; 2010–2014 Jetta SportWagen and Golf; 2012–2014 Eos; 2015 Tiguan We will update this list as soon as new information is available, but you can access NHTSA's own running tally of affected vehicles here. For further information about your specific vehicle, go to the manufacturer's consumer website or use NHTSA's VIN-lookup tool. This story was originally published on October 21, 2014 at CARandDRIVER.com. It has subsequently been updated to reflect the latest findings and official list of affected vehicles. Nissan Unveils Active Engine Braking - Technology News Mitsubishi EV Update: Tech News News : 2014 Chevrolet C7 Corvette to Debut in January Side Impact Airbags More Widely Available Children at Risk From Pickup Airbags Smart Airbags No Substitute for Smart Parents	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1616
__label__wiki	0.72114	0.72114	Be careful who you hire to do your taxes! DiNapoli says one shoddy tax contractor cost the state $6 million By dskriloff on April 10, 2014 Comments From the Comptroller’s Office The state Department of Taxation and Finance ran up more than $6 million in overtime costs last year because of systemic problems with a contractor’s processing of paper returns and the department’s failure to fully assess the risks of using a new vendor and stringently monitor its work, according to an audit released this week by State Comptroller Thomas P. DiNapoli. The total cost to taxpayers is expected to jump when interest payments for late refunds and pay for staffers who had to put off other duties to remedy the problems are tallied. “The contractor hired by the state Department of Tax and Finance failed to meet many of its contract requirements and things quickly spun out of control,” DiNapoli said. “The significant quality issues and delays in tax returns processing in 2013 could have been avoided had the Tax Department done its homework and closely monitored the contractor. On a positive note, the department has taken steps to address last year’s problems and appears to be much better prepared for 2014.” The Department of Tax and Finance is responsible for processing the state’s 10.9 million income tax returns, about 2 million of which are submitted as paper returns. In compliance with state law, in 2011 the department contracted with New York State Industries for the Disabled (NYSID), a workforce advocacy organization with preferred source status, to process the state’s paper returns for tax processing years 2013 to 2015. Because this was a preferred source contract, it was not subject to competitive bidding. NYSID partnered with a private firm – SourceHOV – to provide equipment and services needed to process the paper returns. Although NYSID is the prime contractor, its duties are largely administrative in nature. SourceHOV performs the technical work of tax returns processing. Tax Department staffers are responsible for overseeing the vendors and their work. NYSID/SourceHOV’s three-year contract is valued at about $16 million. As of Feb. 6, 2014, the department had paid out only $234,000, primarily to fund start-up costs, because of its failure to meet contract terms. DiNapoli’s auditors tested the accuracy of the return data submitted to the department, the timeliness of return processing by SourceHOV and the quality of the data imaging of return information, finding problems in all areas. The auditors determined that SourceHOV made errors on at least 22 percent (439,000) of the returns it processed. The vendor’s mistakes included erroneous taxpayer social security numbers, wrong withholding amounts, and incorrect reported wages and income. The error rate is more than 40 times the level deemed acceptable by contract performance standards and could result in a 44 percent reduction in compensation under the terms of the contract. Testing also showed that more than 90 percent of the returns (1.8 million) were not processed on time. In fact, 80 of the 100 returns in the sample took more than a month to process rather than the seven days allowed by the standards. Be careful who you hire to do your taxes! DiNapoli says one shoddy tax contractor cost the state $6 million added by dskriloff on April 10, 2014	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1617
__label__wiki	0.996198	0.996198	Dom delighted at Wales debut Youngster hoping for more International caps Dominic Smith admits he loved every minute of his first experience of international football after making his Wales under-19 debut earlier this week. The young Shrewsbury Town defender came off the bench for the final 15 minutes as Wales beat Northern Ireland 3-0 in a friendly at the home of Airbus UK on Wednesday night. He now hopes to stay part of the squad having quickly got a taste for international football during an enjoyable four days as part of the under-19 squad. "It was one of the best experiences of my life," smiled local lad Smith, a former pupil at Shrewsbury's Belvidere School. "I really enjoyed it and it was a great experience. "I knew my nan was Welsh but I didn't know Wales actually knew about me until they called me up. It was a very nice surprise. "They looked after me well, we ate the right foods, so it was a really good experience." Smith was warmly welcomed into the fold by Welsh under-19 team manager Geraint Williams and his assistant Dave Hughes, the former head of youth at the Greenhous Meadow. "He was fantastic, he helped me a lot and he's a really good coach," said Smith, of Williams. "It was really nice to see Dave again. I thought he was a great coach when he was here and he still is." Smith only turned 17 in February but has enjoyed a successful first season as a scholar with Shrewsbury. He's held down a regular place in the back four for the reserves and was also called up to sit on the bench for the first team twice in League One.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1620
__label__wiki	0.712638	0.712638	Media Practice Point Annihilation Art and Design Research Centre Fiction film Building on the question of cinematic point of view in her previous film 'Relativity', Virginia Heath researched, wrote and directed the 30 mins film 'Point Annihilation' (2005) which is set in New Zealand and investigates the conflict between two cultural points of view or ways of seeing the world. As a native born New Zealander, Heath was interested in researching the question of conflict between Maori and Pakeha (white) culture in New Zealand through film. She chose the form of a 'rights of passage' narrative to explore the way a young white male New Zealander learns to embrace the female Maori character's intuitive, holistic perception of the world in order to 'become a man'. The film addresses contemporary male identity (as informed by rationality, science and control) when confronted with a culture which is intuitive, holistic and emotional in its approach to nature, life and death. The related research question is the power of Maori myth in shaping contemporary New Zealand narratives and culture. The film was created as a UK/New Zealand co-production with ‘Lord of the Rings’ Peter Jackson’s company Weta Digital as part of a prize won by 'Relativity'. This enabled experimentation with state of the art digital technology in post production. International Film Festival Screenings include: Cannes Film Festival, France (May 2005) - 'Cinema des Antipodes' - Screening plus Q&A with director; Saint Tropez International Film Festival (October, 2004); Drifting Clouds International Film Festival, New Zealand (September 2005); Drama International Film Festival, (Greece) 'In Competition' (Sept 2004). In addition to its festival screenings, “Point Anniliation” was one of the first three British films used to pilot the iTunes film download site and has had a successful online presence ever since. Watch the film here. Researchers involved Professor Virginia Heath - Professor of Film From Scotland With Love - Virginia Heath’s current research project 'From Scotland With Love... Little Lost David - Devil Don't Mind - Little Lost David is an 11 mins experimental music documentary film written... My Dangerous Loverboy - My Dangerous Loverboy, researched, written and directed by Virginia Heath...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1621
__label__wiki	0.762227	0.762227	Siena Stories / Student space / Who is Dante Alighieri? Who is Dante Alighieri? For Italians, the name Dante is heard as often as Shakespeare is for English speakers. He is a literary giant. A revolutionary in language. A poet of nearly unmatched, extraordinary genius that we mere mortals can only attempt to comprehend. I first encountered Dante in my English class sophomore year of high school. The class was about the great epics—we read the Iliad, the Odyssey, the Aeneid, and Dante’s Inferno. Out of all of them, I found Inferno to be the most ambitious, imaginative, and, in my opinion, the most eloquently written. (Even taking into account that I was reading an English translation, which can’t begin to capture the beauty of the original Italian). To understand what this work was, we need to know who Dante Alighieri was and his history leading up to it. He was born in 1265 in Florence, during a period of intense political tension between two factions: the Guelfs and the Ghibellines. The former supported the Holy Roman Emperor, while the latter supported the pope. Florence was a Guelf city, and Dante, an active member in the party. By 1300, the Florentine Guelfs divided into White Guelfs and Black Guelfs. The Whites, which Dante was a part of, were opposed to more papal influence, specifically that of Pope Boniface VIII. The Blacks continued to support the pope. Dante’s political affiliation ended up being his downfall—yet, at the same time, beneficial to the literary world. By the time of the split in the Guelf party, Dante had achieved prominence as a politician in Florence. He was married, had children, and was well recognized as a poet thanks to his work La Vita Nuova. When the Black Guelfs took power in Florence, Dante was exiled. He roamed around Italian courts, but he never returned to Florence. He doesn’t mention his family in his works, but there is doubt that he ever saw his wife again, though his sons and daughter possibly joined him at some point. While in exile, he continued writing, producing an “intellectual feast” of political and philosophical musings called Il Convivio, which never gained popularity. Then, around 1308, Dante began the work for which he is best known seven hundred years later: the Commedia. (Divina wasn’t added until the 16th century.) It depicts Dante’s journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven after he “lost the true way,” and is divided into three installments: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Commedia could be said to be a form of consolation for Dante during his difficult years in exile. In it, he condemns those who are responsible for his current state, dreams of a future in which the world is governed under a single monarch—his idea of perfect harmony—and in which he meets and is guided by those most important and influential to him, including the Ancient Roman poet Virgil, Beatrice, and Cacciaguida. Beatrice and Cacciaguida are both important in understanding Dante’s other motivations for theCommedia, aside from politics. Beatrice was his ultimate muse. He says to have first met her at the age of nine in this church in Florence: They only had a few meetings before Beatrice died young—possibly from childbirth—but she was a great source of Dante’s admiration and love, and one of the primary inspirations behind his early poetry in La Vita Nuova. She plays an active role in Paradiso, where she guides Dante through the heavenly spheres. Cacciaguida was an ancestor of Dante’s, a crusader; and though he only appears once in Paradiso, his importance is well established. Dante found consolation from thinking of his ancestry, particularly this heroic figure. However, this reminded him just how unjustly he’d been treated, and backfired on his writing. As Barbara Reynolds points out in her biography on Dante, his anger at those who condemned him threatened to shake the carefully constructed poetry that he otherwise had astounding control upon. At one point, she describes his rage at Boniface as a “monomania.” The Commedia is an impressive work that took at least ten years to complete, and was finished just before Dante’s death. He takes examples from medieval art for the creation of his Inferno, including Giotto’s Last Judgment in the Scrovegni Chapel, and the depiction of the devil in Florence’s baptistery, which Dante saw as a young boy. His journey through Hell is similar to a story of St. Paul’s journey, and that of Aeneas’s in the Underworld. Yet Dante crafts this in a completely unique way, combining pieces from ancient mythology and Christianity, all wrapped together in the beautiful rhyme scheme he created: terza rima(which follows an ABA / BCB format). There is a reason Dante has survived for so many generations. There is a reason his poetry lives on and is studied today even by sixteen-year-olds in Kansas. We owe much of his legacy to Boccaccio, who, after his death, began a series of lectures in Florence on Dante’s work and ensured theCommedia’s survival. But we owe even more to the human imagination, to the innate fascination with the fantastical and the awe of genius. This is the reason the Commedia and the sources it drew on first came about, and this is the reason it lives on today. Humanity thrives on the power of the arts and of love—the only stronger feeling for Dante than hate—“that moves the sun and the other stars.” Quinones, Ricardo J. “Dante.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 12 Oct. 2015. Web. 19 Mar. 2016. Reynolds, Barbara. Dante: The Poet, the Political Thinker, the Man. Emeryville, CA: Shoemaker & Hoard, an Imprint of Avalon Pub. Group, 2006. Print. Image of the dark wood at the beginning of Inferno (by Gustave Doré, 1861) Image of devil in Florence baptistery (by Coppo di Marcovaldo, 1225) Alex Wendt, Liberal Arts Student (from Wooster)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1624
__label__wiki	0.878991	0.878991	Developer’s gift to help add elevator, skywalk to Pleasant Grove library Pleasant Grove Library Director Sheri British and City Councilman Eric Jensen receive a large check from Daniel Thomas of St. John Properties to help pay for the construction of an elevator and a skywalk in the library. Daily Herald \| Laura Giles VALLEY GROVE, UT (May 21, 2017) — Book donations are common at libraries, but Pleasant Grove’s library will be receiving a donation of a different type — a much-needed elevator. The elevator and accompanying skywalk will be built thanks to developer St. John Properties. Sheri Britsch, library director, said she has been researching ways to fund an elevator since she began working at the library on Center Street in 2014. “I immediately started investigating ways to get books up and down from the main level of the library to the basement,” she said. “My research and contractor estimates showed a simple book elevator would cost $80,000. “That was too much money to spend on only transporting books when we needed the elevator for people, particularly for people with mobility concerns.” Britsch applied for and received a Community Development Block Grant of $140,000, but bids for construction were around $320,000. “The labor and monetary donation from St. John Properties will cover that gap,” she said. The changes will benefit library patrons who have a difficult time using the stairs. The library sees a lot of traffic, with about 14,000 visits per month. The restrooms are in the basement and many have a difficult time getting up and down, Britsch said. “I passed an elderly man on the stairway who was struggling to get to the restroom. By the time I passed him, it was too late,” she said. “No one should have to go through that embarrassment.” City Councilman Eric Jensen said he did some research on St. John Properties when it started working with the city about 15 months ago. The developer is currently building the new Valley Grove business park in the city. “I noticed how they really got involved in the communities in which they were developing,” Jensen said. “One thing that stood out and was an ongoing theme is founder Edward St. John’s belief that ‘Education has the power to transform lives and strengthen communities.’ “I thought, ‘What a great company that believes in communities.’” Jensen then approached Daniel Thomas, regional partner for St. John Properties. “We started thinking of ways to carry this theme into our community,” Jensen said. “St. John Properties and their contractors have stepped up to help build our elevator, skywalk on the upper level to connect it to that floor and renovate our children’s library.” According to a media release from St. John Properties, “This will enable wheelchair access to the library’s resource center, the children’s library and finally allow the restrooms to be ADA accessible. Work on the elevator is set for completion by year-end, complimenting the company’s 60-acre master-planned development known as Valley Grove.” Jensen said the library project could not happen without the support of the mayor and all five members of the City Council, who voted unanimously in support of it. http://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/north/pleasant-grove/developer-s-gift-to-help-add-elevator-skywalk-to-pleasant/article_6159c7a4-302c-5e6a-a17a-e3407defcf95.html St. John Properties Children’s Library a Reality for Pleasant Grove Pleasant Grove Opens Newly Remodeled Children’s Library Four Foods to Expand UT Operations St. John Properties Begins Construction on Grove Tower Jenessa Young of St. John Properties Elected Chair for Pleasant Grove/Lindon Chamber of Commerce Board Pleasant Grove’s St. John Properties named top business for its Valley Grove development	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1626
__label__cc	0.614944	0.385056	Alex Rosansky Teacher & Faculty Rep on the Board of Directors arosansky@skyview.k12.az.us Hello, my name is Alex! I couldn’t be more excited to teach at Skyview School. I have over eight years experience working with intermediate and middle school 5-8th graders. My favorite part of working at Skyview is the strong sense of community among our teachers and families. I moved to Prescott in 2005 and graduated from Northern Arizona University. I was the recipient NAU’s Outstanding Student-Teacher Award and the prestigious Gold Axe Award; which recognizes contributions to the university in the areas of academic performance, service, and community. I currently hold a BS of Elementary Education K-8 and a M.Ed in Educational Technology. As a young boy, I asked a lot of questions and loved to share my ideas. I developed a special interest reading about science and history. My passion for teaching developed after working with kids while serving as a camp counselor. It also gave me a strong love and appreciation for the outdoors. In my free time, you can find me hiking through the wilderness with a camera in hand or kayaking on the lakes and rivers surrounding Prescott. Mara Trushell mtrushell@skyview.k12.az.us My name is Mara Trushell, I am a native of Prescott and am absolutely thrilled to have joined the Skyview team! I moved to Flagstaff to attend Northern Arizona University (NAU) to began a college career in art education, but soon became enamored by science. I refocused and completed my undergraduate studies with a Bachelor’s Degree in Biology. After spending a few years in the scientific research community I realized that providing inspirational learning opportunities for youth was my true calling. In 2011, I combined my two passions and completed my Masters of Arts in Science Teaching, also through NAU. For the past six years I have been teaching as an environmental educator. Though this work was truly amazing, I wanted to move into a teaching position where I could develop deep and long-term relationships with my students. In my free time you can find me running trails all around Prescott, painting, or exploring new and wild places. Michelle Grubert Classroom Aide Hi there, I’m Michelle Grubert, and I am incredibly honored to be a part of the middle school team at Skyview. My three daughters eagerly joined the Skyview community after our family moved to Prescott from California in 2015. Now it’s my turn! I love witnessing bright, creative students learning, making connections, working together, sharing their gifts, and expressing themselves. I am also blessed by the community of teachers and staff at Skyview whose love, passion, and creativity make for a remarkable learning environment. I have taught young people from Kindergarten through 12th grade, primarily as a music and drama teacher, and I’ve performed and directed for 25 years. My passion is to infuse the performing arts into other curricular areas such as English and history so as to deepen learning and promote vibrant student engagement. Shannon Herbst Shannon came to Arizona to attend Prescott College, and received a Bachelor of Arts in Education. In her 6 years working with youth, she has filled a variety of roles, including environmental educator, camp counselor, and backpacking instructor. She has taught in Prescott as an instructor at Nature Camp: All Children in the Woods, and developed curriculum to link their programming with Arizona Science Standards. Shannon completed her student teaching at Skyview and fell in love with their dedication to learning and community. In her free time, Shannon loves to rock climb, mountain bike, and backpack. She is passionate about the relationship between humans and the outdoors, and it is her belief that education has the power to create change by fostering connections between youth and the world around them. She is so humbled and excited to join the Skyview community and continue to inspire young people!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1627
__label__wiki	0.838044	0.838044	Event Wins 2018-19 NCAA Standards (Men) 2018-19 NCAA Standards (Women) Julie Shea '16 Blog Promo Video (Ryan Butler '17) Puerto Rico 2019 (Sean McGurn '22) 2019 Senior Salute 2018-19 Saint Michael's Swimming & Diving News 2019-20 2018-19 2017-18 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15 2013-14 2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06 Swimming & Diving Squads Land CSCAA Scholar All-America Honors, Women Fifth in Nation The Saint Michael's College men's and women's swimming & diving teams both earned College Swimming & Diving Coaches Association of America (CSCAA) Scholar All-America team awards on Tuesday, with the women registering the fifth-highest cumulative grade-point average among NCAA Division II programs for the spring semester of the 2018-19 school year. Dozen Student-Athletes Studying Abroad During Two-Week May Classes More than a dozen Saint Michael's College student-athletes are studying abroad during two-week May classes in different corners of the globe, and each group is sharing its experiences through a blog. Valedictorian Emily Ferreri Lands Two Awards at Commencement, Jones and Kohn Play Major Roles Women's basketball senior Emily Ferreri (Hyde Park, N.Y./Our Lady of Lourdes) was named one of three valedictorians during Saint Michael's College's 112th Commencement on Sunday in the Ross Sports Center, Ferreri's home court for four years. Butler and Giampietro Corral NE10 Academic All-Conference Accolades Saint Michael's College swimming & diving men's senior Seamus Butler (Waltham, Mass./Waltham) and women's junior Lauren Giampietro (Watertown, Conn./Watertown) were among 72 student-athletes across seven sports selected for a Northeast-10 Conference Academic All-Conference honor for the winter athletic season, the NE10 announced on Tuesday. New Hampshire Union Leader: "Hopkins Sharpens His Focus" Connor Hopkins (Windham, N.H./Windham) makes headlines every time he jumps into the pool. At least that’s how it seems. Giampietro, Hopkins Break School Records on Final Day of NE10 Championship Two more school records went down on Sunday as the Saint Michael's College men's and women's swimming & diving teams concluded their 2018-19 seasons when the four-day Northeast-10 Conference Championship came to an end at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) Sports & Recreation Center. Three Swimming School Records Fall on Day 3 of NE10 Championship Three school records fell as the Saint Michael's College men's and women's swimming & diving teams finished up action on the third day of the four-day Northeast-10 Conference Championship on Saturday in the Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) Sports & Recreation Center. Hopkins Wins 50-Yard Freestyle, Plays Hand in Four School Records on Day 2 at NE10s Junior Connor Hopkins (Windham, N.H./Windham) won the 50-yard freestyle and played a hand in four school records to highlight the Saint Michael's College men's and women's swimming & diving teams' second day at the four-day Northeast-10 Conference Championship on Friday at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) Sports & Recreation Center. Kohn Breaks School Record, Kinville Qualifies for 3M Diving Finals on Day 1 of NE10s Senior Patty Kohn (Weston, Conn./Greenwich) set a school record in the 1,000-yard freestyle and classmate Tim Kinville (Colchester, Vt./Missisquoi Valley Union) finished fourth in the three-meter diving trials on Thursday to highlight the Saint Michael's College men's and women's swimming & diving teams' performances on the opening day of the four-day Northeast-10 Conference Championship in the Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) Sports & Recreation Center. Swimming & Diving Teams Prepare for This Week's NE10 Championship The Saint Michael's College men's and women's swimming & diving teams conclude their 2018-19 seasons at this week's four-day Northeast-10 Conference Championship, which begins on Thursday at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) in Massachusetts. Swimming & Diving Quartet Land Spots on NE10 Weekly Honor Roll The Saint Michael's College swimming & diving teams landed four student-athletes on the Northeast-10 Conference Weekly Honor Roll for the week ending Sunday, Jan. 27. Men's Swimming & Diving Downs Saint Lawrence, Sweeps Swimming Events The Saint Michael's College men's swimming & diving team won all 11 swimming events en route to downing Saint Lawrence University, 114-70, on Sunday at Augsbury Pool during its regular-season finale. Swimming & Diving Claims Four Spots on NE10 Weekly Honor Roll Swimming & Diving Squads Cap Home Slates with Losses to Saint Rose The Saint Michael's College men's and women's swimming & diving teams capped their home slates with losses to The College of Saint Rose on Friday afternoon in the Ross Sports Center natatorium. Men's Swimming & Diving Ends Drought Against Norwich, Women Extend Win Streak The Saint Michael's College men's swimming & diving team downed Norwich University for the first time in nine years while the women extended their winning streak over the Cadets in the Purple Knights' sweep on Thursday at Goodyear Pool. Purple Knight Swimming & Diving Lands Quartet on NE10 Weekly Honor Roll Three Special Awareness Fundraisers on Tap for Weekend Sporting Events Saint Michael's College Athletics teams are set to hold special awareness fundraisers for four organizations at five home sporting events this weekend. Swimming & Diving Clinch Victories Late while Sweeping SUNY Potsdam on Senior Day The Saint Michael's College men's and women's swimming & diving teams swept the State University of New York at Potsdam on Saturday at the Ross Sports Center, both securing victories late in their Senior Day contests. Swimming & Diving Squads Return to Action with Setbacks to Bentley The Saint Michael's College men's and women's swimming & diving teams returned to action for the first time since Nov. 17 by suffering dual-meet losses to Bentley University on Thursday at the Ross Sports Center. Team IMPACT Teammate Delaney Johnson Joins Swimming & Diving for Holiday Fun Team IMPACT teammate Delaney Johnson joined the Saint Michael's College men's and women's swimming & diving teams took their annual holiday photos on Friday. Hopkins Named NE10 Swimmer of the Week, Kohn Lands Fourth Honor Roll Nod Saint Michael's College men's swimming & diving junior Connor Hopkins (Windham, N.H./Windham) was named Northeast-10 Conference Swimmer of the Week for the week ending on Sunday, Nov. 18. Saint Michael's Swimming & Diving Teams Sweep to North Country Invitational Crowns The Saint Michael's College men's and women's swimming & diving teams both capped their first-semester slates by sewing up first place at the State University of New York at Potsdam's two-day, six-school North Country Invitational on Saturday in the Maxcy Hall Pool. Both Swimming & Diving Teams Lead North Country Invitational After Day 1 The Saint Michael's College men's and women's swimming & diving teams are both in first place among five schools after Friday's opening day of the two-day North Country Invitational at the State University of New York at Potsdam's Maxcy Hall Pool. Kohn Captures Third NE10 Weekly Honor Roll Accolade of Season Saint Michael's College women's swimming & diving senior Patty Kohn (Weston, Conn./Greenwich) was named to the Northeast-10 Conference Weekly Honor Roll for the week ending on Sunday, Nov. 11. Swimming & Diving Swept by Clarkson, Women Lose Close 119-103 Decision The Saint Michael's College men's and women's swimming & diving teams lost dual-meet decisions to Clarkson University on Saturday in Fuller Pool, with the women falling by a narrow 119-103 count and the men dropping a 148-74 contest. Women's Swimming & Diving Opens Two-Meet Weekend with Loss to Merrimack The Saint Michael's College women's swimming & diving team opened a two-meet weekend with a 121-84 loss to Merrimack College on Friday afternoon in the Ross Sports Center. Purple Knight Swimming & Diving Quintet Lands on NE10 Weekly Honor Roll The Saint Michael's College swimming & diving teams had five student-athletes named to the Northeast-10 Conference Weekly Honor Roll for the week ending on Sunday, Nov. 4. Purple Knights Win 27 Events While Sweeping Colby-Sawyer The Saint Michael's College men's and women's swimming & diving teams combined to win 27 events while both downing Colby-Sawyer College on Saturday at the Ross Sports Center natatorium. Imbergamo Named NE10 Rookie of the Week, Kohn Lands on the Honor Roll Saint Michael's College men's swimming & diving first-year Nate Imbergamo (Madison, Conn./Daniel Hand) was named Northeast-10 Conference Rookie of the Week for the week ending on Sunday, Oct. 21. Swimming & Diving Squads Claim 11 Wins in Season-Opening Losses to Keene State The Saint Michael's College men's and women's swimming & diving teams combined to win 11 events while opening their 2018-19 seasons with losses against Keene State College on Saturday in the Ross Sports Center.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1629
__label__wiki	0.696642	0.696642	USA Weightlifting Returns to Merrillville Thursday, April 27, 2006 5:42 AM Merrillville – April 27, 2006 - The Lake County Convention and Visitors Bureau and The Midwest Weightlifting Club will be hosting the 2006 USA Weightlifting National Collegiate Championships on April 29th and 30th. The Radisson Hotel at Star Plaza will be home to 129 of the nation’s top athletes competing for a chance to qualify for the World University Games in Izmir, Turkey in June. The Midwest Weightlifting Club will be featuring four of its very own athletes at this weekend’s event including Vance Newgard, Chris Spurlock, Dennis Stora, and Phil Redina. “It’s a great opportunity to showcase our local talent on a national stage,” said Frank Eksten, the President of the Midwest Weightlifting Club. Created in 2001, the Midwest Weightlifting Club is one of only 9 Community Olympic Development Programs in the nation. The Midwest Weightlifting has hosted its share of prestigious events as well including the 2004 USA Weightlifting National Championships, the 2005 National School Age Championships, with a Junior National Championship scheduled in 2007. The event is scheduled for 9am – 10pm on Saturday and 10am – 5pm on Sunday and is open to the public. A $5 donation will be taken at the door to help support the Midwest Weightlifting Club. The Lake County CVB, in cooperation with organizations such as Midwest Weightlifting Club, has hosted 15 national sports competitions, qualifiers, and tournaments in Lake County since February 2005. The economic impact of these events exceeds $1.2 million and given future bookings is expected to double in the next year. For more information on USA Weightlifting and the Midwest Chapter, contact Frank Eksten, the President of Midwest Weightlifting, at (219) 865-6969 ext. 325.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1634
__label__cc	0.615729	0.384271	Makybe Diva "Tribute", Personally Signed by Glen Boss, Framed Product SKU: HR246 Framed Size: 1070 x 680 (mm) Signature: Personally Signed by Glen Boss Certificate of Authenticity: Yes Now superbly framed in a mahogany timber and ready to ship. Makybe Diva is an Australian-trained thoroughbred who became the first racehorse to win the famed Melbourne Cup on three occasions: 2003, 2004, and 2005. She is without doubt one of the greatest of all time. In 2005, she also won the Cox Plate. Makybe Diva is the highest stakes-earner in Australasian horse racing history, with winnings of more than A$14 million when she retired on 1 November 2005. Makybe Diva is one of only five horses to have won the Cup more than once in the long history of the event, which was first run in 1861. The others are Archer, in 1861 and 1862, Peter Pan, in 1932 and 1934, Rain Lover, in 1968 and 1969, and Think Big, in 1974 and 1975. Makybe Diva is the only mare among the list of multiple winners, and is one of only 14 female horses (11 mares and three fillies) to have won the Cup. Progression of Perfection - Melbourne Cup Edition Sportsprint, Framed - FREE SHIPPING! Progression of Perfection	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1636
__label__wiki	0.985463	0.985463	A Life Lived: John Lewis Breese John Breese of Horseheads was a direct descendant of Chemung County's fist white settler. A Life Lived: John Lewis Breese John Breese of Horseheads was a direct descendant of Chemung County's fist white settler. Check out this story on stargazette.com: http://stargaz.tt/1tUsrO1 jkingsley@stargazette.com \| @SGJenniferK Published 6:13 p.m. ET Aug. 29, 2014 \| Updated 6:22 p.m. ET Aug. 29, 2014 John Breese of Horseheads, who died Aug. 20 at age 91, is remembered as a caring man. Natalie “Dolly” and John Breese were high school sweethearts who shared 68 years of marriage before his Aug. 20 death. (Photo: BREESE FAMILY PHOTO ) John Breese was a descendant of Chemung County's first white settler. He served as a radio mechanic specialist for the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II. John Breese married his high school sweetheart, Natalie "Dolly" Dietzel in 1946. Those who knew him best said John Lewis Breese lived an ordinary life but chose to do so with extraordinary kindness and grace. "He was happy all the time and never said a foul word about anyone," said his wife, Natalie "Dolly" Breese of Horseheads. That trait served him well throughout his life, his family said. John's compassion only grew in later years, when after his retirement, he took a job driving limousine at Barber Funeral Home in Horseheads. John died Aug. 20. He was 91. "It's been rough," said his daughter, Lori Cady of Horseheads. John's roots in Chemung County trace back to its first white settler, a Revolutionary War soldier named Cpl. John Brees, who moved his family to the region in 1789. He was a direct descendant, seventh-generation, said his daughter-in-law, Maureen Ferrell, of Elmira. The Brees Monument along South Main Street in Horseheads tells a bit of the family's history. Cpl. Brees was a member of the expedition commanded by Gen. John Sullivan and participated in the Battle of Newtown, according to the monument, which stands near the site where he made his home. John was 7 when the monument was erected and participated in its dedication, his family said. He was proud of the marker. About two weeks before his death, he asked to be photographed next to it, his daughter said. It was the last photo taken of him. "He had the biggest grin on his face," Lori said. Gallery: A Life Lived: John Lewis Breese From left, Lucy Breese, their cousin Al Banks, John Breese and their cousins Judy and Betty near Seeley Creek during John Breese's teen years. BREESE FAMILY PHOTO John Breese as a young man. BREESE FAMILY PHOTO John Lewis Breese shortly after he joined the U.S. Army Air Corps in 1944. BREESE FAMILY PHOTO Natalie "Dolly" and John Breese on their wedding day, Aug. 31, 1946. BREESE FAMILY PHOTO John and Natalie "Dolly" Breese with their children, Scott, Lori and Bart. BREESE FAMILY PHOTO The Breese family, from left, Bart, Lori, Scott, Natalie and John. BREESE FAMILY PHOTO The Breese family, from left, Bart, Natalie "Dolly," John, Scott and Lori. BREESE FAMILY PHOTO John and Dolly cut the cake during their 65th wedding anniversary celebration. BREESE FAMILY PHOTO Natalie "Dolly" and John Breese were seldom apart during their life together. BREESE FAMILY PHOTO John Breese of Horseheads was seldom seen without a smile on his face. BREESE FAMILY PHOTO John Breese of Horseheads was proud of his heritage. He was a direct descendant of Chemung County's first white settler. This was the last picture taken of John before his death on Aug. 20. BREESE FAMILY PHOTO John was born in Elmira on Oct. 11, 1922, the third child of Cornelia and Lamotte Breese. The family had a dairy farm on lower Maple Avenue, Lori said. The family operated Breese Farms throughout the 1920s and 1930s. John and Dolly met in high school. Dolly was on the junior prom committee and convinced John to be a part of the committee, too. It was love at first sight, she said. After their graduation from Southside High School in 1941, it seemed fitting that John took a job at Dann's Dairy in Painted Post. Three years later, in 1944, John joined the U.S. Army Air Corps. He trained to be a radio mechanic specialist in Madison, Wis., and served in Illinois and Florida before being sent to Pueblo, Colo., where he helped close the base at the end of World War II. He was discharged from the military in March 1946. In August of that year, John and Dolly married. The would have celebrated their 68th wedding anniversary on Aug. 31. The couple spent their early years in Alfred, where John earned a degree in dairy farming and animal husbandry from the New York State Agricultural and Technical Institute at Alfred University. After his college graduation, John took a job at Polly-O Dairy products in Campbell. He worked at Polly-O from 1952 to 1984. "His job was really an extension of his childhood," Lori said. "He was a milk inspector and in the car a lot." John and Dolly raised three children, Scott Breese of Elmira, Bart Breese of Lockport and Lori. "Dad was always fun," Lori said. "My brother told us that one day, Dad got home from work, got out of the car and the boys asked him to play ball. He didn't even go in the house. He just played ball outside." John was popular with the neighbor kids, too. "One night we were sitting at dinner and the neighbor kids knocked on the door. They wanted to know if Mr. Breese could come out and play," Lori said. In his spare time, John had countless hobbies. "His greatest passions included camping, canoeing, bowling and his Ham radio operation," Lori said. One of John's most treasured possessions was an Old Town canoe he bought when he was 18. The family still has it. Another was his Ham radio operation. John's call number, WA2JFM, was well-known by people around the world, his family said. "He loved that," Lori said. "We had a huge antenna at the house." John also enjoyed being part of his community. He was a longtime member of Old Masonic Lodge No. 364 and the First Presbyterian Church in Horseheads. He served as secretary and treasurer of the lodge and helped the church as an elder for many years, his family said. "He was relentlessly cheerful and had a ready smile for anyone he met during his day," Lori said. "Dad always viewed a stranger simply as a friend he had not yet made." Read or Share this story: http://stargaz.tt/1tUsrO1 Police: Men stole coins, had meth in hotel room Motorcyclist from Honesdale, Pa., dead after crash 150 youths aiming for NRA title in Chemung Light tower stolen from well pad in Covington Township Meet a Schuyler Hospital employee who 'will make your day' July 5, 2019, 8 p.m. Elmira man guilty of vehicular manslaughter in crash	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1638
__label__cc	0.590377	0.409623	Allionia incarnata (Trailing Windmills) Nyctaginaceae (Four O'Clock Family) Semi-desert. Openings. Spring, summer. Above: Lower Butler Wash, Utah, April 20, 2017 and Behind the Rocks Wilderness Study Area, Utah, April 23, 2006. Left: Behind the Rocks Wilderness Study Area, Utah, April 23, 2006. As the photograph immediately above shows, stems of Allionia incarnata spread radially (sometimes to over three feet) from a central root crown. Leaves can be up to an inch long, they become smaller toward the end of the stems, and their surface can be glabrous to pubescent to, as shown here, viscid. Linnaeus named this genus in 1753 and species in 1759. "Allionia" is for Carlo Allioni, 1725-1804, Italian botanist. "Incarnata" is Latin for "flesh colored", for the color of the fried flower that Linnaeus saw. (More biographical information about Carlo Allioni.) Behind the Rocks Wilderness Study Area, Utah, April 23, 2006. Sand clings to the densely glandular leaves, buds, and stems. Despite the dirt, this is a lovely plant which brightens open, sandy areas in Canyon Country. What appears to be a single flower of Allionia incarnata is actually three flowers blooming synchronously. The arrows point to the divisions between the three flowers, each of which has one petal-like structure which is lobed and arched backwards. Range map for Allionia incarnata	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1640
__label__wiki	0.736988	0.736988	Rothko What we learned from the Knoedler fakes scandal Are collectors “stupid” to spend millions of dollars on a work of art without personally investigating its authenticity? This is what Robert Storr, the former dean of Yale University School of Art argues. Storr was speaking at a panel hosted by Ifar (International Foundation for Art Research) in New York in July about the issues raised by the Knoedler fakes scandal, which resulted in the illustrious New York gallery’s closure. Knoedler and its former director claim they were duped by the forgeries of paintings by Rothko, Motherwell and Pollock, among others, as much as their customers were. The question of who should investigate authenticity remains hotly contested. “If you’re dealing with a reputable dealer and getting… promises and information, you should be able to rely on that,” said John Cahill, who represented two Knoedler plaintiffs, at the event. Adam Sheffer, the president of the Art Dealers Association of America, believes that the buyers of the Knoedler fakes could have done more. “They could have worked with the gallery to ask questions… Everyone needs to take responsibility,” he said. Source: http://theartnewspaper.com/news/news/what-we-learned-from-the-knoedler-fakes-scandal/ Tagged: Collector, Art collection, authenticity, Robert Storr, Yale University School of Art, International Foundation for Art Research, New York, Tagsmart, Certify, Knoedler, Scandal, Fake art, Forgery, Fake, Painting, Gallery, Rothko, Motherwell, Pollock, John Cahill, Art Dealers Association of America Former director of scandal-beset Knoedler Gallery breaks her silence In 2009, two years before news of the Knoedler Gallery’s US$70m sale of fake Abstract Expressionist paintings began to emerge, Ann Freedman resigned as director. Two years later, the venerable gallery closed down and the lawsuits against Knoedler and Freedman began to flood in. Five settled. The first to reach trial, brought by the collectors Domenico and Eleanore De Sole, also settled its claims against Freedman on 7 February (and against Knoedler shortly afterwards), just before she was set to take the stand in the New York courtroom. Her testimony had been eagerly anticipated, not least because she has never given her view of the unfolding scandal and her involvement in it. Until now. Speaking to The Art Newspaper in an exclusive interview, her first in several years, she summed up the situation thus: “There has been a lot of misunderstanding.” We spoke to her in her sun-filled gallery on the Upper East side, FreedmanArt, which she opened in 2011. “Looking back, there can be things I didn’t see at the time… Could I have done some things differently? Not a day goes by that I don’t think about it. I don’t have an answer sitting here. I will at some point probably.” Source: http://theartnewspaper.com/news/news/former-director-of-scandal-beset-knoedler-gallery-breaks-her-silence/ Tagged: Tagsmart, Certify, Knoedler, KnoedlerGallery, NewYork, NY, Rothko, FakeArt, ArtForgery, Art, Trial, Lawsuit, Fake, ArtCrime, AnnFreedman, TheArtNewspaper, Scandal, Interview	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1641
__label__wiki	0.674275	0.674275	Agriculture› Farming› Global adoption rate for major biotech crops worldwide 2017, by type Adoption of GM technology among selected major crops worldwide in 2017, by type* by M. Shahbandeh, last edited Jul 20, 2018 This statistic depicts the adoption of GM technology among selected major crops worldwide in 2017. In that year, the global adoption rate for biotech soybean amounted to 77 percent. Percentage of total crop Soybean 77% Corn 32% Canola 30% * Hectarage based on FAO data for 2013. The publication does not provide an exact publication date. The given date is the date accessed. Genetically Modified Crops Percentage of genetically modified crops in the U.S. by type 2018 Global genetically modified crops by countries 2017, based on acreage Leading seed and pesticide companies worldwide 2016, based on revenue Acreage of genetically modified crops worldwide 2003-2017 Everything On "Genetically modified (GM) crops" in One Document: Edited and Divided into Handy Chapters. Including Detailed References. Statistics on "Genetically modified (GM) crops" Global overview U.S. overview Attitudes of consumers Acreage of genetically modified crops worldwide from 2003 to 2017 (in million hectares)Acreage of genetically modified crops worldwide 2003-2017 Acreage of genetically modified crops worldwide from 2015 to 2017, by leading country (in million hectares)Acreage of genetically modified crops 2015-2017, by country Area of genetically modified (GM) crops worldwide in 2017, by country (in million hectares)Global genetically modified crops by countries 2017, based on acreage Acreage of genetically modified crops from 2003 to 2017, by species (in million hectares)Acreage of genetically modified crops by species 2003-2017 Adoption of GM technology among selected major crops worldwide in 2017, by typeGlobal adoption rate for major biotech crops worldwide 2017, by type Leading global seed and pesticide companies, based on revenue in 2016 (in billion U.S. dollars)Leading seed and pesticide companies worldwide 2016, based on revenue Major genetically modified (GM) crops in the United States in 2017, by crop type (in million hectares)Acreage of major genetically engineered crops in the U.S. by type 2017 Percentage of genetically modified crops in the U.S. in 1997 and 2018, by type (as percent of total acreage)Percentage of genetically modified crops in the U.S. by type 2018 Acreage of genetically modified (GM) corn in the United States from 2013 to 2017 (in million hectares)U.S. acreage of genetically modified corn 2013-2017 Biotech and non-biotech corn areas in the U.S. in 2018 (in 1,000 acres)Biotech and non-biotech corn areas in the U.S. 2018 Distribution of U.S. biotech and non-biotech corn acreage from 2006 to 2018, by type Distribution of U.S. biotech corn acres 2006-2018 Acreage of genetically modified (GM) soybeans in the United States from 2014 to 2017 (in million hectares)U.S. acreage of genetically modified soybeans 2014-2017 Acreage of genetically modified (GM) cotton in the United States from 2014 to 2017 (in million acres hectares)U.S. acreage of genetically modified cotton 2014-2017 How would you rate your own understanding of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?U.S. consumer perceptions regarding GMOs 2018 Do you agree that all products containing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) should be labeled as such?U.S. consumer perceptions regarding GMO labels 2016 Share of consumers who have purchased food labeled GMO-free in the last 30 days in the United States as of June 2016Consumers who have recently bought GMO-free food U.S. 2016 Share of genetically modified (GM) food eaten by consumers in the United States as of June 2016Share of GM food eaten by consumers U.S. 2016 Share of consumers who considered whether foods were genetically modified (GM) in the United States as of 2018Consumers who care about GM foods U.S. 2018 Share of consumers who believe genetically modified (GM) food is healthier than non-GM food in the United States as of June 2016Consumer attitudes towards GM food health risks U.S. 2016 Share of consumers in the United States who believe genetically modified (GM) food will increase the global food supply as of June 2016U.S. consumers who think GM food will increase the global food supply 2016 Share of consumers who believe genetically modified (GM) food will lead to more affordably priced food in the United States as of June 2016U.S. consumers who think GM food will result in better food prices 2016 Consumers supporting genetically modified crops & animals to produce food Canada 2015 Consumers opposed to genetically modified crops & animals to produce food Canada 2015 Area of genetically modified crops grown in Canada 2014, by type Percentage of farms growing selected crops Land area of leading organic crops in Switzerland in 2014 Arable organic crop area in leading countries in Europe in 2017 Producer price index of oats monthly in the United Kingdom (UK) 2014-2017 Permanent organic crop area in leading countries in Europe 2017 Crops agriculture land use in Wales 2000-2018 Producer price index of industrial crops monthly in the United Kingdom 2014-2018 Utilized organic crop area in Turkey 2013-2016 General cropping farm business income in the United Kingdom (UK) 2009-2018 Industry revenue of “growing of perennial crops“ in Germany 2011-2023 Volume of agricultural irrigation for forage crops in Canada 2012-2014 Fiber crops: enterprises in the United Kingdom (UK) 2018, by turnover size band Perceptions of GM crops being used to increase world food production in the UK 2013 Public opinion: risks/benefits of genetically modified (GM) crops United Kingdom 2013 U.S. Agriculture Genetically modified (GM) crops in Canada Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2017 Indicadores da Agropecuária Ano XXVIII, Nº 1 Indicadores da Agropecuária Ano XXVI, Nº 07 Organic food market in Canada Organic food and beverage industry in Mexico Rogers Sugar Inc. Annual Report 2018 Canadian Wheat - 2018 Crop in Review 2018 Crop‐Hail Industry Report Hemp as an Agricultural Commodity (June 2018) 2017 Crop‐Hail Industry Report - Exhibit A 2017 State Summary Report Acreage of genetically modified crops worldwide from 2003 to 2017 (in million hectares) Acreage of genetically modified crops worldwide from 2015 to 2017, by leading country (in million hectares)* Area of genetically modified (GM) crops worldwide in 2017, by country (in million hectares) Acreage of genetically modified crops from 2003 to 2017, by species (in million hectares) Leading global seed and pesticide companies, based on revenue in 2016 (in billion U.S. dollars)* Major genetically modified (GM) crops in the United States in 2017, by crop type (in million hectares)* Percentage of genetically modified crops in the U.S. in 1997 and 2018, by type (as percent of total acreage) Acreage of genetically modified (GM) corn in the United States from 2013 to 2017 (in million hectares) Biotech and non-biotech corn areas in the U.S. in 2018 (in 1,000 acres) Distribution of U.S. biotech and non-biotech corn acreage from 2006 to 2018, by type Acreage of genetically modified (GM) soybeans in the United States from 2014 to 2017 (in million hectares) Acreage of genetically modified (GM) cotton in the United States from 2014 to 2017 (in million acres hectares) How would you rate your own understanding of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)? Do you agree that all products containing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) should be labeled as such? Share of consumers who have purchased food labeled GMO-free in the last 30 days in the United States as of June 2016 Share of genetically modified (GM) food eaten by consumers in the United States as of June 2016 Share of consumers who considered whether foods were genetically modified (GM) in the United States as of 2018 Share of consumers who believe genetically modified (GM) food is healthier than non-GM food in the United States as of June 2016 Share of consumers in the United States who believe genetically modified (GM) food will increase the global food supply as of June 2016 Share of consumers who believe genetically modified (GM) food will lead to more affordably priced food in the United States as of June 2016 Share of consumers who are concerned about genetically modified (GM) food regarding the environment in the United States as of 2018 Share of consumers who believe genetically modified (GM) food will lead to human health problems for the population in the United States as of 2018 Share of consumers who agree with genetically modifying crops and animals to produce food in Canada as of August 2015 Share of consumers who oppose genetically modifying crops and animals to produce food in Canada as of August 2015 Area of genetically modified and non modified crops grown in Canada as of 2014, by type (in million hectares) Percentage of farms growing selected crops in the United States in 1900 and 2012 Land area of leading organic crops in Switzerland in 2014 (in hectares) Area for arable organic crops in leading countries in Europe in 2017 (in million hectares) Monthly average output price of oats in the United Kingdom (UK) from April 2014 to August 2017 (as producer price index) Area for permanent organic crops in leading countries in Europe in 2017 (in million hectares) Agricultural area used for crop production in Wales from 2000 to 2018* (in hectares) Monthly average output price of industrial crops in the United Kingdom (UK) from April 2014 to March 2018 (as producer price index) Utilized organic crop area in Turkey from 2013 to 2016 (in 1,000 hectares) Average income per farm from general cropping in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2009/10 to 2017/18* (in GBP) Industry revenue of “growing of perennial crops“ in Germany from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars) Agricultural irrigation volume for forage crops in Canada in 2012 and 2014 (in million cubic meters) Number of enterprises for growing of fiber crops in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2018, by turnover size band To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement: "Genetically modified (GM) crops are needed to increase world food production"? Public opinion on the risk to benefit ratio of genetically modified (GM) crops in the United Kingdom in 2013	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1643
__label__wiki	0.53197	0.53197	Non-alcoholic Beverages› Weekly energy drink consumption frequency in the U.S. 2016 Weekly energy drink consumption frequency in the United States in 2016 by Statista Research Department, last edited Sep 27, 2016 This statistic shows the weekly energy drink consumption frequency in the United States in 2016. During the survey, 17 percent of the respondents answered that they consume energy drinks approximately four days per week. Consume energy drinks at least every few months Margin of error +/- 2.6 percent The original question was phrased as follows: How many days per week do you consume energy drinks on average? If you are not sure exactly, please make an estimate. Energy drink consumption frequency in the U.S. 2016, by age Energy drink consumption frequency in the U.S. 2016, by gender Energy drink brands consumed in the U.S. 2016, by age Reasons for consuming energy drinks in the U.S. 2016 Energy drinks in the United States (Statista Survey) Everything On "Energy drinks in the United States (Statista Survey)" in One Document: Edited and Divided into Handy Chapters. Including Detailed References. Statistics on "Energy drinks in the United States (Statista Survey)" Consumption frequency Modes of consumption Time preference for consumption Brand preference Reasons for consumption Purchase channels Consumer attitudes Energy drink consumption frequency in the United States in 2016Energy drink consumption frequency in the U.S. 2016 Energy drink consumption frequency in the United States in 2016, by ageEnergy drink consumption frequency in the U.S. 2016, by age Energy drink consumption frequency in the United States in 2016, by genderEnergy drink consumption frequency in the U.S. 2016, by gender Weekly energy drink consumption frequency in the United States in 2016Weekly energy drink consumption frequency in the U.S. 2016 Weekly energy drink consumption frequency in the United States in 2016, by ageWeekly energy drink consumption frequency in the U.S. 2016, by age Modes of energy drink consumption in the United States in 2016Modes of energy drink consumption in the U.S. 2016 Modes of energy drink consumption in the United States in 2016, by ageModes of energy drink consumption in the U.S. 2016, by age Modes of energy drink consumption in the United States in 2016, by genderModes of energy drink consumption in the U.S. 2016, by gender Days on which energy drinks are consumed in the United States in 2016Days on which energy drinks are consumed in the U.S. 2016 Days on which energy drinks are consumed in the United States in 2016, by ageDays on which energy drinks are consumed in the U.S. 2016, by age Days on which energy drinks are consumed in the United States in 2016, by genderDays on which energy drinks are consumed in the U.S. 2016, by gender Times of day when energy drinks are consumed in the United States in 2016Times of day when energy drinks are consumed in the U.S. 2016 Energy drink brands consumed in the United States in 2016Energy drink brands consumed in the U.S. 2016 Energy drink brands consumed in the United States in 2016, by ageEnergy drink brands consumed in the U.S. 2016, by age Energy drink brands consumed in the United States in 2016, by genderEnergy drink brands consumed in the U.S. 2016, by gender Reasons for consuming energy drinks in the United States in 2016, by ageReasons for consuming energy drinks in the U.S. 2016, by age Reasons for consuming energy drinks in the United States in 2016Reasons for consuming energy drinks in the U.S. 2016 Reasons for consuming energy drinks in the United States in 2016, by genderReasons for consuming energy drinks in the U.S. 2016, by gender Channels where energy drinks are purchased in the United States in 2016Channels where energy drinks are purchased in the U.S. 2016 Channels where energy drinks are purchased in the United States in 2016, by ageChannels where energy drinks are purchased in the U.S. 2016, by age Channels where energy drinks are purchased in the United States in 2016, by genderChannels where energy drinks are purchased in the U.S. 2016, by gender Consumer attitudes toward energy drink consumption in the United States in 2016U.S. consumer attitudes toward energy drink consumption 2016 Consumer attitudes toward energy drink consumption in the United States in 2016, by ageU.S. consumer attitudes toward energy drink consumption 2016, by age Consumer attitudes toward energy drink consumption in the United States in 2016, by genderU.S. consumer attitudes toward energy drink consumption 2016, by gender Price vs. brand: factors U.S. consumers consider when purchasing energy drinks in 2016Important factors U.S. consumers consider when purchasing energy drinks 2016 Important energy drink attributes according to U.S. consumers in 2016Important energy drink attributes according to U.S. consumers 2016 Important energy drink attributes according to U.S. consumers in 2016, by genderImportant energy drink attributes according to U.S. consumers 2016, by gender Important energy drink ingredients according to U.S. consumers in 2016Important energy drink ingredients according to U.S. consumers 2016 Health concerns about energy drinks among consumers in the United States in 2016Health concerns about energy drinks among U.S. consumers 2016 Weekly energy drink consumption frequency in the U.S. 2016, by race/ethnicity Weekly energy drink consumption frequency in the U.S. 2016, by gender Energy drink consumption frequency in the U.S. 2016, by race/ethnicity Frequency of energy and soft drink usage in Spain 2014-2017 Frequency of energy drink usage in the United Kingdom (UK) 2014-2017 Energy drinks usage in the United Kingdom (UK) 2014-2017, by user type Distribution of the energy drinks consumption in Belgium 2014, by frequency Channels where energy drinks are purchased in the U.S. 2016, by race/ethnicity Days on which energy drinks are consumed in the U.S. 2016, by race/ethnicity Times of day when energy drinks are consumed in the U.S. 2016, by race/ethnicity Factors U.S. consumers consider when purchasing energy drinks 2016, by gender Important energy drink ingredients according to U.S. consumers 2016, by ethnicity Important energy drink attributes according to U.S. consumers 2016, by race/ethnicity Important energy drink ingredients according to U.S. consumers 2016, by age Times of day when energy drinks are consumed in the U.S. 2016, by gender Frequency of mustard usage in Spain 2017 Fashion product buying frequency among youth in China 2019 Respondents watching Debatten on NRK1 in Norway 2017, by frequency and group Patanjali products purchase frequency India 2019 Frequency of dinner purchases from restaurants in Sweden 2017 Sugar tax and soft drinks in the United Kingdom (UK) Non-alcoholic Beverages and Soft Drinks Sugar Industry Sugar tax and soft drinks in the UK Carbonated soft drinks in the UK Soft drinks and non-alcoholic beverages in the UK Monster Beverage Beverage industry in Italy Soft drinks consumption in the UK (Kantar Media TGI) Soft drinks consumption in Spain (Kantar Media TGI) Britvic Soft Drinks Review: Grocery 2018 Britvic Soft Drinks Review Convenience and Impulse 2018 Britvic Soft Drinks Review Foodservice and Licensed 2018 Britvic Soft Drinks Review Grocery 2017 Energy drink consumption frequency in the United States in 2016 Energy drink consumption frequency in the United States in 2016, by age Energy drink consumption frequency in the United States in 2016, by gender Weekly energy drink consumption frequency in the United States in 2016, by age Modes of energy drink consumption in the United States in 2016 Modes of energy drink consumption in the United States in 2016, by age Modes of energy drink consumption in the United States in 2016, by gender Days on which energy drinks are consumed in the United States in 2016 Days on which energy drinks are consumed in the United States in 2016, by age Days on which energy drinks are consumed in the United States in 2016, by gender Times of day when energy drinks are consumed in the United States in 2016 Energy drink brands consumed in the United States in 2016 Energy drink brands consumed in the United States in 2016, by age Energy drink brands consumed in the United States in 2016, by gender Reasons for consuming energy drinks in the United States in 2016, by age Reasons for consuming energy drinks in the United States in 2016 Reasons for consuming energy drinks in the United States in 2016, by gender Channels where energy drinks are purchased in the United States in 2016 Channels where energy drinks are purchased in the United States in 2016, by age Channels where energy drinks are purchased in the United States in 2016, by gender Consumer attitudes toward energy drink consumption in the United States in 2016 Consumer attitudes toward energy drink consumption in the United States in 2016, by age Consumer attitudes toward energy drink consumption in the United States in 2016, by gender Price vs. brand: factors U.S. consumers consider when purchasing energy drinks in 2016 Important energy drink attributes according to U.S. consumers in 2016 Important energy drink attributes according to U.S. consumers in 2016, by gender Important energy drink ingredients according to U.S. consumers in 2016 Health concerns about energy drinks among consumers in the United States in 2016 Health concerns about energy drinks among consumers in the United States in 2016, by age Health concerns about energy drinks among consumers in the United States in 2016, by gender Weekly energy drink consumption frequency in the United States in 2016, by race/ethnicity Weekly energy drink consumption frequency in the United States in 2016, by gender Energy drink consumption frequency in the United States in 2016, by race/ethnicity Number of people using fizzy soft drinks and energy drinks (excluding colas and mixers for alcoholic drinks) in Spain from 2014 to 2017, by frequency of use (in 1,000s) Number of people using energy drinks (excluding colas and mixers for alcoholic drinks) in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2014 to 2017, by frequency of use (in 1,000s) Number of people using energy drinks (excluding colas and mixers for alcoholic drinks) in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2014 to 2017, by user type (in 1,000s) Distribution of the energy drinks consumption in Belgium in 2014, by frequency* Channels where energy drinks are purchased in the United States in 2016, by race/ethnicity Days on which energy drinks are consumed in the United States in 2016, by race/ethnicity Times of day when energy drinks are consumed in the United States in 2016, by race/ethnicity Price vs. brand: factors U.S. consumers consider when purchasing energy drinks in 2016, by gender Important energy drink ingredients according to U.S. consumers in 2016, by race/ethnicity Important energy drink attributes according to U.S. consumers in 2016, by race/ethnicity Important energy drink ingredients according to U.S. consumers in 2016, by age Times of day when energy drinks are consumed in the United States in 2016, by gender Number of people using mustard in Spain in 2017, by frequency of use (in 1,000s) Average frequency of purchasing fashion consumer goods among people in their 20s in China as of January 2019 How often do you watch Debatten on NRK1? Frequency for purchase of Patanjali products among Indians as of June 2019 How often do you buy dinner from a restaurant?	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1644
__label__cc	0.525657	0.474343	Community Redevelopment Areas Home BUSINESS Economic Development Community Redevelopment Areas The St. Petersburg Community Redevelopment Agency, comprised of members of St. Petersburg City Council, has established three community redevelopment areas (CRAs), adopted redevelopment plans and approved redevelopment trust funds. Choose an option below to jump to the section. South St. Petersburg Intown West Learn more about the South St. Petersburg CRA here. The 4,700-acre CRA is the largest in St. Petersburg and one of the largest in Florida. The CRA is comprised of Greater Childs Park, most of Midtown, more than twenty neighborhood and business associations, and two Florida Main Street Districts. Both the South St. Petersburg Redevelopment Plan and redevelopment trust fund were approved in 2015. Legal Name of District and Date Established The Tax Increment Financing District and Redevelopment Trust Fund for the “South St. Petersburg Community Redevelopment Area” (South St. Petersburg CRA Dependent Special District) was approved by St. Petersburg City Council on June 11, 2015, and the Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners on June 23, 2015. Public Purpose The South St. Petersburg CRA Dependent Special District was established to remedy blighting conditions within the South St. Petersburg Community Redevelopment Area, pursuant to the authority provided by the Florida Community Redevelopment Act of 1969. The South St. Petersburg CRA Dependent Special District is generally bounded by 2nd Avenue North, Interstate 275, Interstate 175 and Booker Creek on the north; 4th Street South on the east; 30th Avenue South on the south; and 49th Street on the west. Special Dependent District Map The South St. Petersburg CRA Dependent Special District provides a sustainable and durable source of financing to assist private enterprise in remedying blight and poverty in South St. Petersburg. The City intends to direct the vast majority of tax increment financing revenues that are deposited into the Trust Fund to provide direct assistance for private investment in residential and non-residential redevelopment in the form of grants, loans, property tax abatements or other vehicles that help businesses leverage capital from diverse sources. The City also envisions providing funding assistance to governmental and non-profit entities that provide array of services supporting the intent of the redevelopment plan, including marketing and promotion, business assistance and loans, workforce development and job readiness. South St. Petersburg Community Redevelopment Plan Authorizing Statute Florida’s Community Redevelopment Act of 1969 (Chapter 163, Part III), Section 163.330 et seq. Authorizing Documents The South St. Petersburg CRA Dependent Special District was established under the requirements of Florida’s Community Redevelopment Act of 1969, which authorizes the creation of a tax increment financing district and redevelopment trust fund to remedy slum and blight (as defined by Sec. 163.340(8)). The instruments below must first be approved by St. Petersburg City Council and the Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners in order for the special dependent district to be established. St. Petersburg City Council Approves findings of necessity establishing South St. Petersburg as a Community Redevelopment Area under Florida’s Community Redevelopment Act of 1969 (Resolution 2013-247). Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners (BCC) Approves City’s findings of necessity (Resolution 13-186). Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners Delegates Authority to City Council to Act as Community Redevelopment Agency and Prepare a Community Redevelopment Plan (Resolution 14-43). St. Petersburg City Council Adopts South St. Petersburg Community Redevelopment Plan (Ordinance 169-H). Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners Approves South St. Petersburg Community Redevelopment Plan (Resolution 15-48). City of St. Petersburg and Pinellas County execute revised “Interlocal Agreement between the City of St. Petersburg, Florida and Pinellas County, Florida for Governance of the South St. Petersburg Community Redevelopment Area.” St. Petersburg City Council Establishes a Redevelopment Trust Fund for the South St. Petersburg Community Redevelopment Area (Ordinance 175-H). Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners Approves Redevelopment Trust Fund for the South St. Petersburg Community Redevelopment Area (Ordinance 15-27). Alan DeLisle, City Development Administrator City Development Administration 175 5th Street North St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701 alan.delisle@stpete.org www.stpete.org St. Petersburg Community Redevelopment Agency* St. Petersburg City Hall council@stpete.org Staggered Four-year Term Lengths * St. Petersburg City Council is solely delegated the authority to serve as the Agency by the Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners, pursuant to Sec. 163.357 and Sec. 163.410, FS. FY2018 Revenue* City of St. Petersburg TIF Contribution $1,229,830 Pinellas County TIF Contribution $871,143 Interest Earnings $0.00 * Estimates based on Pinellas County Property Appraisers Office “2017 Taxable Value by Tax Increment Financing District Increment” as of October 6, 2017, (Pre-VAB) Tax Roll.” FY2018 Millage Rates City of St. Petersburg 6.755 Pinellas County 5.3377 Total 12.093 Statutory Authority for Levy Section 163.387 of Florida Statutes, Community Redevelopment Act of 1969 General Financial Information Fiscal Year Period: October 1st thru September 30th Tentative Budget: Final Adopted Budget: FY18 Recommended Operating and Capital Improvement Budget FY18 Recommended Budget Supplement Budget Amendments: On August 11, 2016, City Council approved an amendment to the FY2016 budget for the Redevelopment Trust Fund for the South St. Petersburg Community Redevelopment Area (Fund 1104) rescinding $168,505 from “Housing and Neighborhood Revitalization” (Project 15382) and appropriating $168,505 for transfer to “Business and Workforce Development (Project 15381). At the same meeting, City Council also approved $170,000 in FY2017 revenue for the South St. Petersburg Community Redevelopment Area (Fund 1104) to be available subject to future appropriation to provide assistance for renovating the Merriwether Building, a Local Historic Landmark located at 951 22nd Street South. Access to State Website: https://apps.fldfs.com/LocalGov/Reports/ Final Audit Report: 2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Fl Commission on Ethics: http://www.ethics.state.fl.us/ The City’s second largest CRA at nearly 310 acres, the Intown Redevelopment Area encompasses downtown from the Renaissance Vinoy Hotel in the northeast to Tropicana Field in the southwest. It also includes the University Park neighborhood, the City’s waterfront park system and the commercial core of downtown along Central Avenue. The Intown Redevelopment Plan and redevelopment trust fund were established in 1982. The Tax Increment Financing District and Redevelopment Trust Fund for the “Intown Community Redevelopment Area” (Intown CRA Dependent Special District) was approved by St. Petersburg City Council on April 15, 1982, and the Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners on August 3, 1982. The Intown CRA Dependent Special District was established to remedy blighting conditions within the Intown Community Redevelopment Area, pursuant to the authority provided by the Florida Community Redevelopment Act of 1969. The Intown CRA Dependent Special District ranges throughout Downtown St. Petersburg from the Renaissance Vinoy Hotel in the northeast, Tropicana Field in the southwest, and borders Albert Whitted Airport on the southeast. It also includes the University Park neighborhood, the City’s waterfront park system and the commercial core of downtown along Central Avenue. The City declared Intown a community redevelopment area in 1981 and prepared the Intown Redevelopment Plan (IRP) in 1982. The IRP also incorporated the Gas Plant Redevelopment Area and Plan – a plan initially approved in 1978 on the current Tropicana Field site – in 1983. The City established a tax increment financing district and redevelopment trust fund for Intown in 1982. Map of Intown CRA and TIF District Intown Redevelopment Plan The Intown CRA Dependent Special District provides a sustainable and durable source of financing for public improvement projects designed to catalyze private development in Downtown St. Petersburg. Some of the projects funded in the Special District TIF revenues since its inception include the construction of the new Municipal Pier and enhancements to the Pier Approach and Pier District, the development of two public parking garages, renovations to the Mahaffey Theater, partial funding to construct Tropicana Field in the late 1980s and later renovations to accommodate Major League Baseball, and acquisition of property throughout downtown to consolidate development sites. The Intown CRA Dependent Special District was established under the requirements of Florida’s Community Redevelopment Act of 1969, which authorizes the creation of a tax increment financing district and redevelopment trust fund to remedy slum and blight (as defined by Sec. 163.340(8)). The instruments below were approved by St. Petersburg City Council and the Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners in order for the special dependent district to be established. June 30, 1981 - Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners delegate authority to City Council to act as community redevelopment agency and prepare a community redevelopment plan (Resolution 81-465). December 17, 1981 - St. Petersburg City Council Approves a findings of necessity establishing Intown as a community redevelopment area under Florida’s Community Redevelopment Act of 1969 (Resolution 81-1401). March 18, 1982 - St. Petersburg City Council Adopts Intown Redevelopment Plan (Ordinance 557-F). April 15, 1982 - St. Petersburg City Council approves establishment of a Tax Increment Financing District and Redevelopment Trust Fund for the Intown Community Redevelopment Area (Ordinance 570-F). August 3, 1982 - Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners Approves Community Redevelopment Plan, Tax Increment Financing District and Redevelopment Trust Fund for the Intown Redevelopment Area (Ordinance 82-24). 175 5th Street North St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701 Pinellas County TIF Contribution $6,108,320 Interest Earnings $287,000 Total $15,033,954 * Estimates based on Pinellas County Property Appraisers Office "2017 Taxable Value by Tax Increment Financing District Increment” as of October 6, 2017, (Pre-VAB) Tax Roll." FY2018 Millage Rates: Statutory Authority for Levy: Section 163.387 of Florida Statutes, Community Redevelopment Act of 1969. Intown Redevelopment Projects Overview of Intown The Intown Redevelopment Area was established during a time when Downtown St. Petersburg was losing population and businesses to the suburbs. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Downtown St. Petersburg was identified by the Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council as an “economically distressed” based on factors such as age of housing, per capital income, tax base, and unemployment. In 1981, 46 percent of the buildings in the redevelopment area were either in deteriorating or dilapidated condition compared with only 5.9 percent Citywide. Finally, when the Intown Redevelopment Plan was adopted the commercial vacancy rate exceeded 30 percent. Intown Redevelopment Projects Funded with TIF (Pre-2005) To remedy the blighting conditions facing Intown, the City of St. Petersburg has aggressively invested in public improvement projects designed to attract private investment. A combination of tax increment financing (TIF) and other sources were used to fund the projects depicted in Table 1 and Table 2. TIF is a method of facilitating redevelopment by utilizing future city and county real property tax revenues to pay for public improvements. A TIF fund receives the increase in city and county taxes from all future growth in real property taxable values from the year the TIF district is designated to pay for the cost of improvements. The Intown TIF fund was established in 1982. Projects undertaken by the City between 1982 and 2004 include stadium development, renovations to the Municipal Pier, construction of public parking garage, land assembly, renovation to the Mahaffey Theater and Bayfront Center, streetscaping and museum development. Total public improvement costs for TIF funded projects were nearly $320 million in nominal dollars with tax increment financing funding nearly $54 million of it. Table 1 below describes the projects and cost allocation. A link to a map of these projects as well as those identified in Table 2 below is provided at the end of this section. Table 1. Intown CRA Public Improvement Projects (1982 to 2004) Map # Project Development Cost TIF (City/County) (2) City & Other Sources 1 Stadium Development (Tropicana Field) $209,549,851 (2) $22,500,000 (3) $187,049,851 2 Bayfront Center/Mahaffey Theater $27,157,920 $8,209,000 $18,948,920 (4) 3 Sundial and MidCore Garage $22,135,606 (1) $5,496,000 16,639,606 4 South Core Garage 20,377,765 (1) 13,887,000 6,490,765 5 The Municipal Pier 14,862,273 1,600,000 13,262,273 6 Downtown Museum Development (5) 1,294,438 800,000 494,438 Development Sites Acquisition Costs 16,032,171 632,000 15,400,171 Intown Streetscape Program 5,696,215 620,000 5,072,215 Total $317,106,239 $53,744,000 $263,362,239 (1) Includes land acquisition costs. (2) To pay for the projects below, the City issued bonds totaling $72.5 million to pay for these improvements through four separate bond issues in 1984, 1985 and two in 1989. (3) Includes funding for new construction in the late 1980s. (4) $2.6 M of development cost was donated by the Mahaffey Theater Foundation as part of the 1987-88 renovations. (5) Paid for development costs related to Florida International Museum. Intown Redevelopment Projects Funded with TIF (2005 to Present) Beginning in 2005, the Intown Redevelopment Plan underwent a series of five amendments that eventually increased the redevelopment budget to its 2018 amount of $117.4 million. Below describes these amendments in detail. In 2005, the City amended the IRP to extend until 2032 its use of TIF to fund public improvement projects throughout Intown (see Ordinance 715-G). In addition to renovations to the Mahaffey Theater, the extension was designed to pay for projects such as the Pier project and its approach, a mixed-use transportation facility, pedestrian and streetscape improvements as well as improvements to the waterfront park system. The TIF-related costs of these projects were approved by Pinellas County via interlocal agreement in the amount of $95.4 million. In 2006, the City Council and Pinellas County increased this amount to provide an additional $2 million in tax increment financing proceeds to complete the Mahaffey Theater renovation project (see Ordinance 762-G). In 2010, City Council approved the transfer of $2.5 million from the IRP budget category for “Pedestrian System/Streetscape Improvements” and $2.5 million from the “Park Improvements” IRP budget category split equally between improvements at the Duke Energy Center for the Arts and funding needed to complete the new Salvador Dali Museum. Pinellas County matched the City’s funding with monies available through the Tourist Development Tax. In 2015, the City amended the IRP to add $20 million in budgetary authority to fund public improvements identified in the Downtown Waterfront Master Plan approved in June 2015 for the Pier District. Plan amendments approved in 2017 eliminated the “Mixed Use Transportation Facility”, a $14-million project that was first approved in 2005 in order to pay for up to $10 million in enhancements to the Municipal Pier Project and Downtown Waterfront Master Plan improvements in the Pier District. The remaining $4 million was allocated for Downtown Transportation and Parking Improvements throughout the Intown Redevelopment Area. The total Intown redevelopment project budget of $117.354 million remained unchanged. Table 2. Intown CRA Public Improvement Projects (2005 through 2035) Map Completion (1) Project Budget Expenditures Available (2) 7 FY20 Municipal Pier Project $50,000,000 $11,246,973 $38,753,027 Municipal Pier Visioning $11,246,973 8 FY20 Downtown Waterfront Master Plan Improvements (Pier District) $20,000,000 $907,559 $19,092,441 Pier Approach Improvements $907,559 FY15 Duke Energy Center for the Arts $28,354,000 $28,151,447 $202,553 9 Mahaffey Theater Renovation (FY06) $18,900,000 10 DECA Plaza/ A. Whitted Park (FY08) $6,180,853 11 Salvador Dali Museum (FY11) $2,326,458 12 Mahaffey Theater HVAC – FY15 $744,136 7/8 FY20 Pier District Enhancements: Municipal Pier Project/ Downtown Waterfront Master Plan Improvements $10,000,000 - $10,000,000 TBD FY20 Downtown Transportation and Parking Improvements $4,000,000 - $4,000,000 ~FY22 Pedestrian System/Streetscape Improvements $2,500,000 $483,154 $2,016,846 13 Plaza Parkway (FY12 – SunDial signs) $235,603 14 Plaza Parkway (FY13 & FY14 – SunDial streetscaping) $247,551 ~FY22 Park Improvements $2,500,000 $260,517 $2,239,483 15 Al Lang Turf Replacement (FY15) $260,517 $117,354,000 $41,049,650 $76,351,316 (1) Indicates the fiscal year when the project is expected to be completed. (2) Figures have been rounded to the nearest dollar. Map of Projects funded with TIF in the Intown CRA (1982 to Present) Property Values and Tax Increment Financing Revenues (1981 to present) The above projects were funded through tax increment financing (TIF), which uses increases in city and county ad valorem tax revenue after establishing a base year to fund redevelopment projects. The Intown Community Redevelopment Area is St. Petersburg’s oldest TIF district having been established in tax year (TY) 1981 with a $107.8 million taxable basis. The TIF district for Intown has been the most successful of the four TIF areas. However, it should be noted that for sixteen years, the taxable value of the entire district hovered between $200 million and $300 million. Only since 2000 has the TIF district seen dramatic growth in taxable value, adding nearly $903 million to the base by 2008 when property values exceeded $1.0 billion. The onset of the economic recession in 2007 and the financial crisis in 2008 and subsequent years seriously impacted the taxable value and the increment, as reflected in a 19 percent decline in property values from their crest in TY2008 to their floor in TY2011. Since the 2011 floor, property values have risen by $450 million pushing property values to $1.45 billion in TY2017 (see Figure 1 below). Figure 1. Intown Property Values (1981 to 2017) The taxable property values of the Intown TIF district in TY2017 amount to $1.45 billion in City-based taxable values. This represents a more than 7.08 percent compound annual growth rate since the establishment of the district. Tax increment revenue from the City of St. Petersburg and Pinellas County grew to an estimated $14.75 million in TY2017. Figure 2. Growth in City and County TIF Revenue (1982-2017) For detailed information on annual property and increment values, millage rates and City and County payments into the Intown Redevelopment Trust Fund, click here. Note: Intown District is referred to as the “Downtown Redevelopment District”. In 2015, City Council approved an amendment expanding the Intown Redevelopment Plan program budget from $97.4 million to $117.4 million to pay for improvements to the Pier Approach. The amendment was approved by the Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners in October 2015. The 123-acre CRA lies north and west of Tropicana Field and is bounded by I-175, I-275, Burlington Avenue North, and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Street. The Intown West Redevelopment Plan and redevelopment trust fund were established in 1990. The Tax Increment Financing District and Redevelopment Trust Fund for the “Intown West Community Redevelopment Area” (Intown West CRA Dependent Special District) was approved by St. Petersburg City Council on November 15, 1990, and the Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners on January 29, 1991. The Intown West CRA Dependent Special District was established to remedy blighting conditions within the Intown West Community Redevelopment Area, pursuant to the authority provided by the Florida Community Redevelopment Act of 1969. The Intown West CRA Dependent Special District lies north and west of Tropicana Field and is bounded by I-175, I-275, Burlington Avenue North and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Street. City Council approved the Intown West Redevelopment Plan (IWRP) and established the redevelopment trust fund in November 1990. The Intown West CRA Dependent Special District was created to capitalize on the development of Tropicana Field and the eventual award of a Major League Baseball franchise. The Plan recognized the neighborhood would become in the future a “key gateway area and a high activity node related to stadium activities.” Specific issues the IWRP attempts to address include little or no development focus, physical deterioration of structures and properties, poor visual identity and lack of a unified architectural theme or development pattern. Intown West Redevelopment Plan The Intown West CRA Dependent Special District was established under the requirements of Florida’s Community Redevelopment Act of 1969, which authorizes the creation of a tax increment financing district and redevelopment trust fund to remedy slum and blight (as defined by Sec. 163.340(8)). The instruments below were approved by St. Petersburg City Council and the Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners in order for the special dependent district to be established. April 30, 1990 - Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners delegates authority to City Council to act as community redevelopment agency and prepare a community redevelopment plan (Resolution 90-180). June 7, 1990 - St. Petersburg City Council accepts Pinellas County’s delegation of authority and approves a findings of necessity establishing Intown West as a Community Redevelopment Area under Florida’s Community Redevelopment Act of 1969 (Resolution 90-389). November 15, 1990 - St. Petersburg City Council adopts Intown West Redevelopment Plan (Ordinance 2006-F). November 15, 1990 - St. Petersburg City Council approves establishment of a Tax Increment Financing District and Redevelopment Trust Fund for the Intown West Community Redevelopment Area (Ordinance 2013-F). December 4, 1990 - Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners approves Intown West Community Redevelopment Plan (Resolution 90-446). January 29, 1991 - Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners approves Community Redevelopment Plan, Tax Increment Financing District and Redevelopment Trust Fund for the Intown West Redevelopment Area (Ordinance 91-7). City of St. Petersburg TIF Contribution $621,116 Interest Earnings $64,000 * Estimates based on Pinellas County Property Appraisers Office "2017 Taxable Value by Tax Increment Financing District Increment” as of October 6, 2017, (Pre-VAB) Tax Roll. Print page Text resize: Increase font size Decrease font size Original font size Updated: Apr. 16, 2019 10:23:05 AM St. Pete Advantage Start, Relocate, or Expand Development Areas Community Redevelopment Areas (CRAs) Central Avenue Revitalization Plan 34th St./Central Town Center Plan Data Center & Tools Zoning & Permitting Tools Business Corridor Program Business Tax Application Public Vehicle Certificates Workforce Training Program Business Assistance Programs Permitting, Tax & Water Purchasing Opportunities Work With Us: Procurement Bids/Opportunities Procurement Staff Property Cards Permit Info & Resources Building Guides & Checklists Current Planning Projects Policies & Permitting Certified Green Buildings Certified Green Lodging Business@stpete.org	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1647
__label__wiki	0.929705	0.929705	Germany wants monitoring of new regime to fight corporate tax dodging German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble holding a news conference at the end of the finance ministers meeting at the European Convention Centre in Luxembourg on Oct 6. PHOTO: EPA Oct 9, 2015, 8:25 am SGT http://str.sg/Z6FL LIMA (REUTERS) - German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble said on Thursday (Oct 9) he would propose a monitoring scheme to ensure the full implementation of a proposed system to overhaul the way international companies are taxed. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) published proposals on Monday to change outdated tax rules that allow multinational companies such as Apple and Vodafone Group to pay almost no tax on their profits in many jurisdictions. The companies say they follow the current rules. The OECD made the proposals at the request of the Group of 20 leading economies, which will review the plans for closing the gaps in international tax rules at a dinner meeting in Peru late on Thursday. "Now it is important not just that we adopt this today ... but that it is also really implemented," Mr Schaeuble told reporters in Lima ahead of the G20 meeting. "That means, I will call for us to agree on a monitoring (system) so that what is agreed is implemented. Otherwise it is just on paper," he said. The OECD's proposals on tackling so-called Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) aim to shake up rules dating back almost a century that govern taxation of profits from international commerce. G20 governments are expected to approve them at a summit in November, though the plan will not be legally binding. US Treasury Secretary Jack Lew said the BEPS initiative could help avoid a race to the bottom in economic policymaking. "What we can't do, and the initiative that's being announced here is a way to show that we won't, is that we can't get into a beggar-thy-neighbor kind of economic policymaking," Mr Lew said. "There's an important step being taken here in announcing the consensus being reached on base erosion and I hope it's indicative of the political will to do some of the positive things that are described as well," he said. For Germany, Mr Schaeuble did not rule out the introduction of tax breaks for companies on revenue generated from patented or licensed research. The government has repeatedly said it would consider introducing so-called patent boxes if there were no progress toward fair tax competition at a global level. "That could be a way with tax means to promote research work in Germany," Mr Schaeuble said of patent boxes. "Many people are calling for this and there are many good arguments to do it. But we will discuss it calmly." Unveiling its tax recommendations on Monday, the OECD said they represented a fundamental shift, though critics said they did not go far enough. The OECD said a conservative estimate of the amount of untaxed money moved by companies into tax havens was US$100 billion to US$240 billion annually, suggesting tens of billions of dollars in lost tax revenue. Tax advisers agreed that the measures - which had been debated over the past year - could force many companies to restructure their operations and rethink how they fund themselves. G-20 (GROUP OF 20)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1648
__label__cc	0.615027	0.384973	tapshare By clicking "Sign up", you agree to Tapshare's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy What is your name and location? Using your full name and location helps family and friends find you. Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Year 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 Help your friends find you. Click the icon to add a photo. Invite friends from your e-mail contacts. Enter the email of the person you'd like to email it to. Enter the phone number of the person you'd like to text it to. Creating your account will do this later © Tapshare.com 2015-2019 All Rights Reserved	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1649
__label__wiki	0.554937	0.554937	2014 NEW ZEALAND ASPIRING GUITARIST Taranaki Classical Guitar Summer School 2014 proudly presented the first New Zealand Aspiring Guitarists (NZAGs). TCGSS received many high quality applications for this award and after carefully considering them all the 2014 NZAGs were: Nick Price and Jamie Garrick Nick and Jamie played at the TCGSS on Thursday 16 January, 1pm We also offered Nick and Jamie a masterclass with William Kanengiser. The New Zealand Aspiring Guitarists each received a 30min Masterclass with this award winning classical guitarist and member of the Los Angeles Guitar Quartet. “…The gorgeous Adagio was played beautifully, easily paced, in a relaxed manner, as if every note had to be savoured to the full: dynamics sensitively handled, with discreet rubato that let the music breathe…” Middle C, June 2011 Nick Price is currently pursuing a PGDip in classical guitar performance after completing his BMus degree under the tutelage of Dr. Jane Curry at the New Zealand School of Music. After picking up the guitar at age 14, he studied under Ross Townsend in New Plymouth before studying with Matthew Marshall in 2009-10 at the NZSM. He has played in masterclasses for many acclaimed artists such as Ricardo Gallen, John Griffiths, Xuefei Yang, Miguel Trapaga, Alexsandr Tsiboulski and renowned composer/guitarist Marek Pasieczny. He is a recipient of Dame Malvina Major Elite Tertiary scholarships, and the 2009 winner of the Muriel May Memorial Scholarship performance competition. Nick was selected to perform with the New Plymouth Orchestra in their 2012 season playing Giuliani’s Concerto Op.30, and gave the opening concert for the Inaugural Taranaki Classical Guitar Summer School in the same year. JAMIE GARRICK ‘… a poetic interpretation, with sensitive phrasing and appropriate rubato, underpinned by a sound technique…’ Frances Robinson, Middle C Classical Music Reviews In 2012, Jamie Garrick completed a Postgraduate Diploma in Classical Guitar performance, following a Bachelor’s degree, at the New Zealand School of Music, Wellington. He picked up the guitar at age 13, before later studying with Matthew Marshall in 2009-2010 and Dr Jane Curry from 2011 to the present, under whom he is currently completing a Masters. In 2012, he performed alongside Matthew Marshall and the Tudor Consort, and was also a member of the New Zealand School of Music Guitar Quartet which performed in several venues around the city, including the Michael Fowler Centre for the May 2012 Victoria Graduation Ceremonies. He has also performed in masterclasses for guitarists such as Ricardo Gallen, Xuefei Yang, John Couch, Alieksey Vianna, and Aleksandr Tsiboulski, and in numerous concert series, as well as conducting and teaching in a variety of educational settings and outreaches in the Wellington region and beyond. Jamie is a recipient of the Sir Alan Stewart Postgraduate Scholarship as well as the New Zealand School of Music Director’s Postgraduate Scholarship. His current research draws on recent developments in performative musicology, and explores the interaction of several early nineteenth-century guitarists with concepts of virtuosity.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1650
__label__cc	0.571798	0.428202	Featured in Ratchet and Wrench “To say that Team Ryan Automotive in Buford, Ga., feels like home is not a stretch. The office portion of the shop is run out of an actual house built in the 1940s. To add to the feeling, the shop was named after the family team of Dan Ryan and his wife, who run the business. The previous tenant, a commercial plumbing company, built the 4,500-square-foot shop space off the back of the house 10 years ago. When owner Dan Ryan saw the building, he knew that it was just what he had been looking for: a space where he could create a more positive outlook for the auto repair industry.” The office of Team Ryan Automotive is run out of the living and dining room of the house. “It’s very welcoming, it’s gotten a lot of positive response,” Ryan says. The lobby is home to a pair of big red handled pliers, which Ryan won at a raffle. A green wrench is also on display, which was a gift from a friend. Ryan and mechanic Joel Neely did a large portion of the work when they moved into the building themselves. Neely, affectionately referred to as a Jack-of-all-trades by Ryan, created the custom reception desk made of wormy maple wood. The lobby houses an old, coal-burning fireplace. It doesn’t work, but it adds a homey touch. On the mantle, among other things, is a pewter statue that was given to Ryan by GM when he achieved the title of World Class Technician. One of the biggest perks of being based out of a house? A full kitchen. Bottled water, coffee, and hot chocolate are available for customers. The employees are able to use the stove and microwave to heat up their meals. Taking suggestions from his wife, Ryan recognized the importance of making sure the shop is female friendly. This is why they made sure to emphasize the bathrooms. There are two, one for men and one for women. In the women’s room, hooks for purses and a nice mirror create an inviting atmosphere. Creating a pleasant environment spreads all the way to the shop floor. The floors of the shop were painted to reflect light and keep them looking clean. High efficiency T5 fluorescent lighting was added, keeping the work space bright. The shop walls are plywood, leftover from the previous owner. When they moved into the building, the plywood did not go up to the ceiling and open studs were visible. Ryan decided to finish the job by installing insulation plywood throughout the whole shop. Recycling is very important to Team Ryan Automotive. The shop uses a separate dumpster for all of the materials that are able to be recycled. The lobby also has recycling cans. “All of these things are geared at getting away from the negative impact the industry can have on the environment,” Ryan says. http://www.ratchetandwrench.com/RatchetWrench/May-2016/Team-Ryan-Automotive/ Tagged: Ratchet+Wrench, automotive, featured shop Newer PostVote Us Best of Gwinnett 2016 Older PostDoes Mobil 1 really provide better performance?	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1652
__label__wiki	0.632149	0.632149	Exploring the Science That Matters to You Product Surveys How The Office Org Chart in Your Brain Helps to Organize Your Actions News Jun 29, 2018 \| Original Story from the Salk Institute A long-term debate in behavioral neuroscience is whether behavior is organized in a hierarchy or as a chain. This diagram shows how a sequence of left (L) and right (R) actions performed by mice in the current study would be organized under each theory. Credit: Salk Institute Driving to work, typing an email or playing a round of golf—people perform actions such as these throughout the day. But neuroscientists are still unsure how the brain orchestrates complex actions or switches to a new action—behaviors that are impaired in disorders such as Parkinson’s disease or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Now, Salk researchers have resolved a longstanding scientific debate about how behavior is organized in the brain. Led by Associate Professor Xin Jin, the team discovered that learned behavior is organized in a hierarchy with multiple levels of control, offering possible new therapeutic targets for disorders that involve an inability to control one’s actions. The work, which appeared in the journal Cell on June 28, 2018, utilized mice trained to perform complex action sequences to make the discovery. “For many decades, scientists have been debating how the brain organizes behavior,” says Jin, the study’s senior author. “Using optogenetics, a technique that uses light to manipulate brain cells’ activity, we were able to change individual actions that the animals were planning to perform, revealing this precise level of neural control.” When you learn a new behavior—such as tying your shoelaces—a brain region called the striatum orchestrates the series of actions: bending down, grabbing the laces, and tying the knot. Scientists have long debated whether these types of steps are organized in a chain, with each step triggering the next (like falling dominoes) or whether there is a more hierarchical system at work, with multiple levels of control (like an office organization chart). Over several weeks, Jin’s team trained mice to carry out a series of lever presses. In a custom-built box with a lever to the left and a lever to the right, the mice learned that pressing the levers in the specific order of left-left-right-right yielded a treat. (The team named this series “the penguin dance” after a line dance sometimes performed at weddings or parties.) While the mice performed the penguin dance sequence, a computer recorded the activity of two specific types of brain cells: D1 and D2 neurons, which make up the majority of cells in the striatum and have been implicated in learning and performing actions. The researchers used optogenetics to activate these neurons with laser light and diphtheria toxin to inactivate them, allowing the team to identify and isolate how D1 and D2 cells control behavior. Interestingly, stimulating D1 neurons caused the mice to add one additional lever press to the sequence, while stimulating D2 neurons caused the mice to skip the next lever presses. By manipulating D1 or D2 neurons at precise points during performance of the penguin dance, the researchers were able to piece together how the sequence was learned and organized by the brain. They also discovered unexpected mixtures of the neurons working in tandem to drive or suppress behavior. “Neurons are like snowflakes,” says UC San Diego graduate student and Salk researcher Claire Geddes, the paper’s first author. “D1 and D2 neurons have certain similar patterns, but they don’t all do exactly the same thing. There’s a complexity to how they work together to control movement.” The team found evidence for three levels of control in neuronal activity. The lowest level represented activity with each individual step in the action sequence, while the highest level represented activity only when starting or stopping the overall sequence. At an intermediate level, neurons were active only during the animals’ switch from one action to another. It’s akin to an employee’s supervisor overseeing every task versus a senior executive who mostly monitors whether a project was begun or completed. In between are the organization’s middle managers, operating amid the other two. According to Jin, Geddes and coauthor Hao Li, the work reveals a subtle complexity to neuronal behavior in the striatum that may help explain why the learned actions we perform remain so flexible—our brain’s supervisors, middle managers and senior executives can update our behaviors to respond to challenges in our ever-changing environment. Adds Jin, “I’m particularly excited about this study because it solves a long-standing debate for a fundamental question in behavioral neuroscience. At the same time, by identifying how different cell types in the brain control our behavior, it provides new insight into potential treatments for different neurological diseases.” This article has been republished from materials provided by The Salk Institute. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source. Geddes, C., Li, H., & Jin, X. (2018). Optogenetic Editing Reveals the Hierarchical Organization of Learned Action Sequences. Cell, 174(1), 32-43.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.012 Diving Deeper Into the Metabolism of the Autistic Brain Scientists looked into the differences in the concentrations of multiple metabolites in healthy humans and individuals suffering from Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), gaining a deeper insight into the molecular processes that take place in the brain of autistic individuals. Scientific Evidence for Microdosing Psychedelics Remains Scarce and Anecdotal The practice of taking small, regular doses of psychedelic drugs to enhance mood, creativity, or productivity lacks robust scientific evidence, say scientists. Unique Neuronal Populations Could Be Biomarkers for ALS Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have described unique populations of neurons and associated cells in the spinal cords of patients who died of ALS. Like what you just read? You can find similar content on the communities below. The Neuroscience Roundup - 07/12/19 Olympus Launches Revolutionary Next-Generation Objectives Can Videogames Improve Emotional Intelligence in Teenagers? Use of Hearing Aids Associated With Better Brain Function in Later Life Genetic Study Suggests Anorexia Nervosa Is at Least Partly a Metabolic Disorder Hunger Games With Lora Heisler at BNA 2019	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1654
__label__cc	0.643347	0.356653	Love Hainan The 10 best festivals in Hainan Come together: the Sanyuesan festival unites the Li and Miao people Credit: Getty 31 August 2018 • 2:00pm There’s a colourful festival around every corner in Hainan, celebrating love and luck, cake and coconut. Here are our favourite 10... Flower-exchanging festival, February This very sweet flower-exchanging festival takes place on the 15th day of the first lunar month – in other words, on the same day as the Lantern Festival at the end of the 15-day Chinese New Year celebrations. For the best spectacle, head to Haikou’s Qiongshan district It began as an exchange of candles and incense sticks as part of the Lantern Festival but with the advent of electric street lights, there was less need to use candles. Instead people began to carry fresh flowers – often roses – or green branches, which they still exchange with each other in the streets as a gesture of goodwill for the year ahead. For the best spectacle, head to Haikou’s Qiongshan district. Sanyuesan festival, March/April This traditional festival held on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar brings together two indigenous groups of locals, the Li and Miao people, to celebrate their vibrant cultural traditions, from dances and songs to a traditional athletic contest and embroidery competitions. Different activities are held at different locations in and around Sanya – from Sanya Romance Park to Binglanggu Valley, as well as areas with large indigenous populations, such as Wuzhishan, Baoting and Baisha. International coconut fesitval, March/April The coconut is the symbol of Hainan Province, something celebrated annually at the Hainan International Coconut Festival. In Haikou City, one street is entirely lined with coconut lamps Lasting for 10 days around the third day of the third lunar month, the festival takes place at four different sites around the island. In Haikou City, for example, one street is entirely lined with coconut lamps; in Wenchang, you can pick up every imaginable coconut-based delicacy or product. Pure brightness festival, April The Qingming festival – for honouring the dead and sweeping their graves – is also known as the “Pure Brightness Festival” or “Tomb-Sweeping Day”, and is a great excuse for a spring day out. It falls on 4 or 5 April, depending on the year. For locals, sweeping a tomb and bringing the dead person their favourite food and drink is integral to this festival but there are plenty of other aspects in which to get involved. To stave off illness and bring good luck, kites with lanterns attached to them are flown into the sky and cut loose to float free. Changjiang mango festival, May/June This month-long festival in Changjiang County celebrates the local mango season and all the things that can be done with this delicious tropical fruit. During the festival, locals and tourists alike are invited to pick ripe mangoes from the trees. Dragon boat festival, June The dragon is a symbol of good luck in China. Celebrated throughout the country on the fifth day of the fifth month of the Chinese calendar in memory of the ancient patriotic poet Qu Yuan who drowned in the Miluo River, the festival combines thrilling races in long dragon boats, bathing in dragon water (sea or river) to ensure good health in the year ahead and the communal eating of zongzi (glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo leaves). It takes place across Hainan, with the biggest gathering at the mouth of the Sanya River. While the festival has been celebrated for hundreds of years, it became a public holiday in 2008. Qixian (The Seventh Fairy) ridge water festival, August According to folklore, Qixian the seventh fairy fell in love with a mere mortal. They were told they could never be together, except for one day a year, when they could meet on the mythical Magpie Bridge. Good clean fun: revellers splash each other during Qixian Credit: Alamy The day has now become an alternative Valentine’s Day. In Baoting County, in Hainan’s lush, hilly interior, folk songs are sung, choreographed dances take place in town squares and people splash water on each other to express their affection. Nanshan longevity festival, September Hainan has the largest percentage of centenarians in China. During this auspicious festival to honour its oldest residents and bless them with continued good health and an even longer life, some of the oldest climb Nanshan (South Mountain) to demonstrate the belief that exercise is the key to it all; while performances are held at Sanya’s Nanshan Temple and everyone turns up to join the party. Mid-autumn festival, September/October In ancient China, emperors offered sacrifices to the sun in spring and the moon in autumn. By the time of the Ming Dynasty, everybody was doing it. Today it’s called the Mid-Autumn Festival, aka the Moon Cake Festival, and it’s held on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month (September or October). A highlight is seeing the full moon, which is thought to be the brightest and fullest it will be all year, somewhere beautiful. Out of this world: moon cake is enjoyed during the mid-autumn festival Credit: Getty The beaches of Hainan are widely considered the best place to enjoy it. The traditional food to eat, is of course, moon cake, a gelatinous affair made of seeds, nuts and egg yolk. Tianya Haijiao international wedding festival, December This festival at Tianya Haijiao, a beach 16 miles north-west of Sanya famous for its giant boulders, is a celebration of marriage. The beach has long been a symbol of eternal love, two of its biggest rocks representing young lovers from two hostile clans who came here to escape their families and were eventually driven into the sea. The festival includes a grand opening ceremony, interactive displays of the wedding customs of five intercontinental countries, a products bazaar and a virtual-reality wedding presentation. A little-known island paradise From the see-and-be-seen beaches of the south to the laidback hippy vibe of the east, the idyllic island of Hainan is China’s best-kept secret. Dotted with tropical rainforests, white sand beaches, sleepy towns and restful resorts, this under-the-radar destination has its own very special appeal. Home to exceptional surf, delectable food and unique culture, find out why it’s set to be Asia’s hottest new holiday destination. To find out more and book your stay, visit en.explorehainan.com 10 of the best attractions in Hainan Enjoy the spectacular natural beauty of Hainan Take a step back in time: explore the attractive old towns of Hainan The Hainan street food you need to try 31 Aug 2018, 12:30pm The 10 best beaches in Hainan, China Could this tropical island be the new south-east Asian hot spot?	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1655
__label__wiki	0.761689	0.761689	Know The Amazing Stories Of Indian Celebrities The Republic of India is a country with great diversity. In India, one can witness a multi-cultural society wherein people of different colors and religion live in harmony. There are many Celebrities who have attained global recognition in various fields. These personalities stand far from the crowd because of the ability to excel in their respective fields. Some of them are found to be too good in performing multitasking activities in their own field. With their tremendous success in various domains, these celebrities inspire the upcoming generation in their own fields. Let us find out few of these personalities who have reached from rags to riches: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: Hailing from a humble background from a small village in Tamil Nadu, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was the perfect example scientific acumen which has brought him several accolades before he becomes the 11th President of Republic India. His research on aero studies has transformed him as one of the great scientists in the Indian Space Research Organization. He was the main brain behind the Indian Nuclear Energy initiatives and has been recognized as one of the top world’s scientist in the aerospace engineering. Narayana Murthy: Being the founder of the globally known Infosys, Narayana Murthy is well known in the global IT circuit. With a humble beginning, he has started his entrepreneurship through his small IT firm Patni Computer System, which has transformed into the present Infosys who operates globally in many countries including China. Today, the company’s net worth has been estimated over twenty billion US dollars. According to the history, Murthy has started from noting except his wife’s saving of ten thousand INR. Rajinikanth: With the original name of Shivaji Rao, a bus conductor in the Bangalore Transport Service has moved to Madras to seek fortune in the movie world. With a small amount of money offered by his friends he has joined the Madras Film Institute and was later identified as Rajnikant by the famous film director K Balachander. With his firm determination and hard work, today Rajinikanth is considered to be one of the most celebrated actors in India and his films are popular in many countries including Japan and USA. He has a large number of fans across the globe, and his stylish dialogue-delivery seems to be the USP of this great actor. M.S Dhoni: Being passionate about football. MS Dhoni hails from a small town in Jharkhand and has a middle-class background. Having got a job as a ticket collector in Indian Railways, he has stated showing interest in playing cricket in the local clubs and then selected to state-level games. As a humble goalkeeper in football sport, Dhoni has shown phenomenal growth in the last few decades and today he is one of the best wicket keepers cum captain in the history of cricket. Known for his athletic skills and game acumen he has made a great impact in taking Indian Cricket to a global level by winning World Cup matches in both the shorter version of the game. Nitin Shah: Being less known for the Indian public, Nitin Shah has created history and has been regarded as one of the inspiring personalities in the corporate world. He has started his career in a garage in 1984 and later started his fire protection system in a small place in Mumbai. By sheer hard work and grit of high determination he has shown himself as one of the greatest entrepreneurs in India, and today his company’s net worth has crossed more than ten thousand crore INR Celebrities in India are not restricted to the above-referred personalities. There are many unsung heroes in every field such as health care, technology, entertainment, arts, literature and many more. Many of them are not exposed to the media, but they deserve great appreciation. Thinking in these trends Government of India announces innumerable awards every year during the national events like Republic Day and Independence Day. These awards are given in the form of Padma Shree, Padma Bhushan to mention a few. Besides these awards Bharat Ratna has been constituted which is considered to be the highest civilian award for the exceptional personalities who are exposed to the rest of the world. Labels: Stories	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1657
__label__cc	0.698534	0.301466	Begin Block &RightArrow; Intro to Minor Scale Diatonic Chords Just as we found there are seven diatonic chords in the major scale, there are also 7 diatonic chords in the minor scale. In fact, they are the same seven chords only numbered differently. So, you don't realize it yet, but you've already learned them. What you have to do now is learn to think of them in a new context. First, let's review the major scale diatonic chords and how major and minor scales are related. Then, we'll go through the minor scale diatonic chords one-by-one just as we did the major scale diatonic chords. And, there are a few other special topics regarding minor keys which we'll look at. Review: Diatonic Chords Diatonic means coming from, or made up of, the notes of a major (or natural minor) scale. So, if someone said a bassline or melody was purely “diatonic,” they're saying it is made up of only notes in the major (or minor) scale. Similarly, when we use the term “diatonic chords,” we mean chords whose notes all come from the scale. Let's say we're using the key of C major (C, D, E, F, G, A, and B). The C major triad contains the notes C, E, and G. Therefore, it is diatonic to the key of C major—all 3 notes exist in the C major scale. A C minor triad, however, would not fit. The notes of Cm are C E♭ G. There is no E♭ in the key of C major and thus it is not diatonic to the key of C major. Remember, we can build a chord off of each of the seven notes of the major scale with each chord using the notes of the scale. These are the diatonic chords of the major scale. If these major scale diatonic chords are unfamiliar to you, I strongly suggest you go back in the course and work on them until you have them down well. Otherwise you'll be lost and wasting your time here. These concepts are deeply connected. Review: Relative Major and Minor In case you don't remember, every major scale has a relative minor scale and vice versa. Relative scales share the same set of notes. For example, C major (C, D, E, F, G, A, B) and A minor (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) contain the same 7 notes. The difference is the tonic (first note of the scale) is C for the major scale and A for the minor scale. To give you another example, G major (G, A, B, C, D, E, F#) and E minor (E, F#, G, A, B, C, D) are relative major and minor scales. Again, they both share the same seven notes only beginning and ending on different notes. You will always find the root of the relative minor scale is the 6th note of the major scale. For example, the note A is the sixth of C major. Similarly, the note E is the sixth of G major. It is the same for all major scales. Going in the other direction, the third note of the minor scale is the root of the relative major scale. For example, the note C is the third note of the A minor scale. Similarly, the note G is the third note of the E minor scale. Again, this relationship is the same for all major/minor keys. If the major scale and minor scale contain the same notes, what would that mean for the diatonic chords of the major scale versus the diatonic chords of the minor scale? It means they're the same! The only thing which changes between the major diatonic chords and the minor diatonic chords are the chord numbers—they shift over. For instance, in the key of C major, C was I ('one'). In A minor, Am is i (minor 'one'), and that would make C a III chord (A(i), B(ii°), C(III)). So, the numbers have simply shifted over by two places. The type of chord—the chord quality (major, minor, diminished, etc.)—does not change. In the following table you can see how in C major and its relative minor key A minor, the chords are the same. You should be excited now! This means there is much less for you to learn here than you likely expected. Take a moment to celebrate! OK, celebration time is over. Adjusting the Minor Scale Diatonic Chord Numbers Now that you have a introductory understanding of how the major and minor scale chords are the same, we have to make an easy adjustment. Do you remember what notes are different between a major scale and a minor scale? For example, what's the difference between C major and C minor? In the minor scale, the 3rd, 6th, and 7th notes are each a half-step lower, or “flatted.” Why am I bringing this up? It's common to number the diatonic chords of the minor scale calling its III chord a ♭III chord, its VI chord a ♭VI, and its VII a ♭VII chord. It's all in relation to the major scale. A common wrong assumption students make is thinking these flat Roman numeral chords must have roots having flat note names. This is false. A flat before the Roman numeral does not mean the chord's root necessarily contains a flat. For instance, the ♭III chord in A minor is C. Why? Because in the key of A major the iii chord is C#m. The note C is a lowered, or flatted, C#. So, the flat of the ♭III, ♭VI, ♭VII refer to their relation to the major scale, not the note names. Most of this lesson was a review with a glimpse of the coming minor scale diatonic chord lessons. At the end of this lesson it's important for you to be comfortable with the following: Major scale diatonic chords (review) Relative major and minor scales (review) Knowing the major and minor diatonic chords are the same only numbered differently. A lot of learning the minor scale chords is simply reorienting your understanding of the major scale chords. That part will be fairly easy. There are, however, a few important things common to minor scale harmony you might not expect. In the coming lessons on minor scale chords, we'll look at new shapes for the minor scale chords on the fretboard, some important special situations you'll encounter in minor keys, and some common minor key chord progressions.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1659
__label__wiki	0.819175	0.819175	Rudolf Zacharias Becker 1752 -1822 Rudolf (Rudolph) Zacharias Becker 1752 -1822 was a German folk writer of the Enlightenment, teacher, journalist, publisher and bookseller. Becker was a friend and fellow Mason of Samuel Hahnemann, and he printed Samuel Hahnemann’s essay on scarlet fever in the Reichsanzeiger, in the pages of which Samuel Hahnemann published replies to letters concerning his services, the fees he charged, and he also defended himself from attacks by opponents of homeopathy. In Gotha, whhere Hahnemann had moved in 1792, he announced he had befriended the publisher Rudolph Zacharias Becker for the foundation of a “convalescent Institute for about 4 insane people from affluent homes”, which a “human friendly doctor” (ie Hahnemann) should be guided. The treatment would not be founded on punishment, fixation, or other disciplinary measures; and therapy consisting mainly in talking, and on homeopathic medicines… Rudolf Zacharia Becker was of Lutheran faith and attended the Evangelical Ratsgymnasium Erfurt and studied philosophy and theology in Jena. He was subsequently Hofmeister in Erfurt, where he was acquainted with Karl Theodor von Dalberg (also a friend of Samuel Hahnemann), who had a significant influence on his education. In 1782, Becker became a teacher at the Philantropin in Dessau, founded by Johann Bernhard Basedow, and in the same year he entered the Masonic Lodge in the Gothaer, under the name Henricus Stephanus. Towards the end of 1784, he was in the Illuminatenorden Magistrat, and he became Regent. In the Masonic Lodge, he was the 1789-90 speaker. On the occasion of a birthday celebration of Duke Ernst in 1790, he was speaker of the Illuminati, led Gothaer Freemasons, and he expressed the view that because of the events in France, Masons could not remain apathetic. In the year 1782, he was living in Dessau, where he worked for a weekly newspaper for the youth and their friends (until 1786), after which in 1784, he moved and Gotha and ran a newspaper for the youth and their friends, one of the first youth magazines. In 1786, in correspondence with his Masonic colleagues, he decided to side with the proponents of the Illuminati in the war for the press secret societies. In 1796, he elevated his newspaper for the youth and their friends to a National Newspapers in Germany. Since 1791, he had written an education sheet for a German newspaper under the title Scoreboard under an imperial privilege to the General Anzeiger Empire. In 1806, he received the title of the German General Anzeiger. In 1792, Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (a friend and patient of Christoph Wilhelm von Hufeland, and possibly a friend of Carl Steigentesch’s father - Carl Steigentesch was a student of Samuel Hahnemann) published a translation of his defense of Louis XVI. which must be regarded as lost, which was entrusted to Becker, (Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller had met Becker in 1788 in Rudolstadt through the family of his late wife (see: letter from Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller to Korner of December 21, 1792 in which he explicitly admits that he participated in a speech to defend Louis XVI). In 1797, Becker founded a bookstore in Gotha, where he sold his magazines, newspapers and books, and he continued this until his death. In his bookstore, Becker published the writings of the Seeberg Observatory, and Franz Xaver von Zach edited a Monthly Correspondence about this important work which became of European importance. In November 1811, Becker was arrested by the French gendarmerie because of an essay in the National Zeitung, and he held until April 1813, when he was released by Duke August von Saxe Gotha Altenburg (the second son of Ernst II, Duke of Saxe Gotha Altenburg, to whom Samuel Hahnemann was a personal physician, and Samuel Hahnemann moved to Altenberg in 1821 under the protection of Duke August von Saxe Gotha Altenburg where he could ’still meet with true Masons’) when Napoleon Bonaparte brought back the freedom. His son Gottlieb Friedlich Becker 1792 - 1865 took over after his bookshop when Becker died. Becker’s son operated mainly in Leipzig and Gottingen, where he concentrated on linguistic and historical works, though he studied journalism and worked alongside his father. In 1830, Gottlieb Friedlich Becker united his two interests in his his published journals of the German national newspaper General Anzeiger, under the title General Anzeiger and the National Newspaper of the Germans. In 1849, he changed the title to The Gazette of the German Reich. In 1848 and 1849, he represented the Duchy of Gotha as a member of the Frankfurt National Assembly at Frankfurt. He also worked for the Directorate of the Fire Insurance Bank in Gotha.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1661
__label__cc	0.727201	0.272799	You Are Here: Home > 2017 Toyota RAV4 Reviews 2017 Toyota RAV4 Reviews View Inventory Learn More About the Toyota RAV4 For Mt. Holly and Shelby drivers looking for a practical, reliable, and well-equipped crossover SUV for their next family vehicle, the reviews of the 2017 Toyota RAV4 are sure to inspire confidence. Available now in Gastonia, NC, the RAV4 has been described as “practical, comfortable, and easygoing” by Car and Driver. Kelley Blue Book says it “offers everything compact crossover-SUV shoppers need in an attractive package at an attractive price,” and Edmunds declares “its accommodations are spacious, and its seats are soft enough for hours in the saddle.” Luckily, you can experience the new RAV4 and its many favorable qualities at Toyota of Gastonia. “Its angled headlamps and sharply creased bodywork give the RAV4 an assertive presence, but don’t be fooled—under the skin, it’s a practical, comfortable, and easygoing ute.” The Toyota RAV4’s ride quality is indeed smooth and responsive, powered by a 2.5L four-cylinder engine that generates 176 hp and 172 lb-ft of torque with the option of front-wheel drive or all-wheel drive. On top of that, you’ll be able to get up to an EPA-estimated 30 mpg highway with the front-wheel drive setup. “If you’re the type who wants worry-free car care in a common-sense design, the 2017 Toyota RAV4 delivers both in spades. With trims ranging from basic to luxurious, the RAV4 offers everything compact-crossover-SUV shoppers need in an attractive package at an attractive price.” With a starting MSRP from only $24,910, the RAV4 comes standard with features like an Entune™ infotainment system, Bluetooth® phone connectivity, and dual-zone automatic climate control—not to mention the impressive Toyota Safety Sense™ P (TSS-P) driver assist tech package. You can also opt for one of the higher trim levels available in order to get features like SofTex® leatherette upholstery, an integrated navigation system, and a 360-degree camera display. “Overall, the RAV4 is exactly as comfortable as we expect. Its accommodations are spacious, and its seats are soft enough for hours in the saddle. Its agreeable ride quality is also a plus.” Every version of the 2017 Toyota RAV4 comes with comfortable and spacious seating for as many as five adult passengers. You’ll have an abundance of cargo room to work with as well, including 38.4 cubic feet behind the rear seat and a max cargo volume of 73.4 cubic feet—accessible when you put down the 60/40-split folding rear seats. Experience the 2017 Toyota RAV4 For Yourself Interested in seeing what all the talk is about? You’ll find the 2017 Toyota RAV4 in the trim level and drivetrain configuration of your choice available for a test drive right now at Toyota of Gastonia, located at 4821 Wilkinson Blvd in Gastonia, NC, just a short drive for shoppers traveling from Shelby. We’re open for sales seven days a week, and if you have questions, you can contact us online or call us directly at (877) 236-3157. Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price, excludes the Delivery, Processing and Handling Fee of $835 for Cars, $900 for Small/Light Trucks (Sienna, RAV4, Highlander Gas, Highlander HV, 4Runner, Tacoma and Venza), $1195 for Large Trucks (Tundra), and $995 for Large SUVs (Sequoia and Land Cruiser). (Historically, vehicle manufacturers and distributors have charged a separate fee for processing, handling and delivering vehicles to dealerships. Toyota’s charge for these services is called the “Delivery, Processing and Handling Fee” and is based on the value of the processing, handling and delivery services Toyota provides as well as Toyota’s overall pricing structure. Toyota may make a profit on the Delivery, Processing and Handling Fee.) Excludes taxes, license, title, available or regionally required equipment, and $599.00 dealer documentary fee. Actual dealer price will vary.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0008.json.gz/line1663

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