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ERROR: type should be string, got "https://profreg.medscape.com/px/getpracticeprofile.do?method=getProfessionalProfile&urlCache=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbWVkaWNpbmUubWVkc2NhcGUuY29tL2FydGljbGUvMTY4OTk2Ni1vdmVydmlldw==\nDrugs & Diseases > Genomic Medicine\nBreast Cancer and HER2 Overview of HER2 Breast Cancer\nAuthor: Maurie Markman, MD, MS; Chief Editor: Karl S Roth, MD more...\nBreast Cancer and HER2\nSections Breast Cancer and HER2\nOverview of HER2 Breast Cancer\nTesting for HER2\nAdjuvant Therapy for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer\nTreatment of HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer\nNovel HER2 Receptor Agents\nERBB2 is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor and a member of the ErbB protein family (ie, the epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR] family). ERBB2 is most commonly known as HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) and sometimes also as NEU. For this article, it will be referred to as HER2. HER2 gene product is overexpressed in 18-20% of invasive breast cancers. [1]\nThe American Society of Clinical Oncology and the College of American Pathologists has issued the following updated recommendations for HER2 testing in breast cancer [2] :\nHER2 status should be determined in all patients with invasive breast cancer on the basis of 1 or more test results.\nTesting must be performed in an accredited laboratory. Laboratories should be able to show high concordance with a validated HER2 test on a large and representative set of specimens.\nHER2-positive status is indicated by evidence of protein overexpression or gene amplification.\nWhen results are equivocal, reflex testing should be performed with an alternative assay, and repeat testing should be considered if results are discordant with other findings.\nProviders should recommend HER2-targeted therapies if the patient's HER2 test result is positive and such treatment is clinically appropriate. Most experts do not recommend HER2-targeted therapy if the HER2 test result is negative and there is no histopathologic discordance with HER2 testing. Delay the decision to recommend HER2-targeted therapy if the HER2 test result is equivocal. Reflex testing should be done on the same specimen.\nThese recommendations have also been adapted and studied in other countries, such as the United Kingdom, France, and Italy. [3, 4, 5]\nTesting for HER2 may be done by means of either immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).\nThe scoring method for HER2 expression on IHC is based on the cell membrane staining pattern and is as follows:\n3+: Positive HER2 expression - Uniform intense membrane staining of more than 30% of invasive tumor cells.\n2+: Equivocal for HER2 protein expression - Complete membrane staining that is either nonuniform or weak in intensity but has circumferential distribution in at least 10% of cells.\n0 or 1+: Negative for HER2 protein expression.\nHER2 test results must be reported as indeterminate if technical issues prevent one or both tests from being interpreted accurately.\nFISH has been used to establish HER2 status when IHC yields equivocal results, but it is now also being used alone for this purpose in an increasing number of centers. The interpretation for HER2 FISH testing (HER2-to-CEP17 ratio and gene copy number) is as follows:\nPositive HER2 amplification: FISH ratio higher than 2.2 or HER2 gene copy greater than 6.0.\nEquivocal HER2 amplification: FISH ratio of 1.8-2.2 or HER2 gene copy of 4.0-6.0.\nNegative HER2 amplification: FISH ratio lower than 1.8 or HER2 gene copy less than 4.0.\nTreatment of HER2-positive breast cancer\nHER2 agents used in adjuvant therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer include the following:\nTrastuzumab\nNeratinib, extended adjuvant therapy following trastuzumab-based therapy\nLapatinib, particularly in combination with capecitabine\nPertuzumab\nAgents used in the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer include the following:\nTrastuzumab (in conjunction with other chemotherapy)\nAdo-trastuzumab emtansine\nLapatinib\nNovel HER2 agents under evaluation include the following:\nAmrubicin\nDasatinib\nA preparation of autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes that are resistant to transforming growth factor–beta (TGF-beta) and specific for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and are directed to EBV through their native receptor and to HER2 through a retrovirally transduced HER2 chimeric antigen receptor. [6]\nERBB2 is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor and a member of the ErbB protein family, more commonly known as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. ERBB2 is most commonly known as HER2 and sometimes as also NEU. For this article, it will be referred to as HER2. Activation of this class of cellular receptors is known to result in increased activity of a variety of molecular pathways associated with tumor growth and progression. HER2 gene product is overexpressed in 18-20% of invasive breast cancers, which has both prognostic and predictive implications.\nBefore the routine use of trastuzumab (Herceptin, a monoclonal antibody) in adjuvant therapy, HER2 overexpression was associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype and worse prognosis (higher rate of recurrence and mortality), independent of other clinical features (eg, age, stage, tumor grade), especially in patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy.\nAdditionally, HER2 status has been shown to be predictive for response to certain chemotherapeutic agents (ie, doxorubicin [Adriamycin]; and HER2-targeted therapies trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and lapatinib [Tykerb, a small-molecule oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor directed specifically to the HER2 receptor]).\nRetrospectively analyzed results from clinical trials have shown that HER2-positive patients benefit from anthracycline-based regimens secondary to the co-amplification of topoisomerase II with HER2. Preliminary data also suggest that HER2 may predict response to and benefit from paclitaxel in the adjuvant setting.\nGo to Breast Cancer for complete information on this topic.\nAlthough several methods for HER2 testing have been developed, approximately 20% of current HER2 testing may be inaccurate. Therefore, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the College of American Pathologists (CAP) have recommended guidelines in HER2 testing to ensure accuracy.\nBreast cancer specimens should initially undergo HER2 testing by a validated immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay (ie, HercepTest, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) for HER2 protein expression. [7] The scoring method for HER2 expression is based on the cell membrane staining pattern and is as follows:\nBreast cancer specimens with equivocal IHC should undergo validation using a HER2 gene amplification method, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). More centers are relying on FISH alone for determining HER2 status.\nIn general, FISH testing is thought to be more reliable than IHC, but it is more expensive. Equivocal IHC results can be seen in 15% of invasive breast cancers, whereas equivocal HER2 FISH results are seen in less than 3% of invasive breast cancer specimens and those that had previously been considered HER2 positive. Discordant results (IHC 3+/FISH negative or IHC less than 3+/FISH positive) have been observed in approximately 4% of specimens. Currently, no data support excluding this group from treatment with trastuzumab.\nNewer methodologies for establishing HER2 status, including reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), have not yet been validated. The interpretation for HER2 FISH testing (HER2/CEP17 ratio and gene copy number) is given below:\nPositive HER2 amplification: FISH ratio is greater than 2.2 or HER2 gene copy is greater than 6.0.\nNegative HER2 amplification: FISH ratio is less than 1.8 or HER2 gene copy of less than 4.0.\nOverexpression of HER2 occurs in approximately 20% of breast cancers and was correlated with a more aggressive phenotype and worse prognosis before the development of HER2-targeted therapies. The advent of trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the extracellular domain of the receptor, has changed the treatment paradigm for HER2-positive breast cancer. Trastuzumab has a powerful synergism with a variety of chemotherapeutics, yet lacks the side effects (with the notable exception of cardiotoxicity, which means it generally should not be given with anthracyclines).\nResults are available from studies (HERA, FinHer, NSABP B-31, BCIRG006, N9831) that have demonstrated that the inclusion of trastuzumab produces roughly a 50% improvement in disease-free survival and 33% improvement in overall survival, regardless of the chemotherapy regimen or sequence of trastuzumab delivery. These trials randomized 11,650 women with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer to trastuzumab versus non-trastuzumab-based adjuvant chemotherapy, and based on their results, trastuzumab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HER2-positive disease in the adjuvant setting.\nAnother study from the BCIRG006 further established that adjuvant trastuzumab for 1 year improved disease-free and overall survival among women with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer at 5 years, and found that a nonanthracycline regimen plus trastuzumab had a more favorable risk-benefit ratio than anthracycline-based regimens due to similar efficacy, fewer acute toxic effects, and lower risks of cardiotoxicity and leukemia. [8]\nWhether the combination of 2 anti-HER2-targeted therapies with chemotherapy will prove beneficial in early-stage disease is currently being tested in the ongoing phase III ALTTO (Adjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Options) trial, as well as the similar Neo ALTTO (Neoadjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimization) trial.\nIn February 2019, the FDA approved trastuzumab/hyaluronidase (Herceptin Hylecta) in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of select patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer, in combination with paclitaxel in patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer as a frontline treatment, and alone for patients with metastatic disease who had received at least 1 prior chemotherapy regimen. This new subcutaneous (SC) formulation includes trastuzumab in combination with recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20, an enzyme that allows a ready-to-use formulation for slow SC administration (ie, given over 2-5 minutes) instead of a 30-90 minute IV infusion. [9]\nApproval of trastuzumab/hyaluronidase was based on 2 randomized trials, HannaH (NCT00950300) and SafeHER (NCT01566721). In HannaH, patients with HER2-positive operable or locally advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive 8 cycles of either SC trastuzumab or IV trastuzumab concurrently with chemotherapy, followed by surgery and continued therapy with either formulation of trastuzumab, for an additional 10 cycles. The endpoints for HannaH were pathologic complete response (pCR) and pharmacokinetics of both SC and IV trastuzumab. Pathologic complete response was observed in 45.4% of patients receiving Herceptin Hylecta and in 40.7% of patients receiving IV trastuzumab. [10]\nSafeHER was a prospective, two-cohort, nonrandomized, multinational, open-label trial assessing the overall safety and tolerability of SC trastuzumab with chemotherapy in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. SafeHER confirmed safety and tolerability of adjuvant SC trastuzumab for HER2-positive early breast cancer. [11]\nIn May 2019, the FDA approved ado-trastuzumab emtansine for the adjuvant treatment of patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer who have residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant taxane- and trastuzumab-based treatment. Approval was based on KATHERINE, a randomized, multicenter, open-label clinical trial that compared the use of ado-trastuzumab emtansine versus trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy in patients with HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer who had residual invasive disease after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab. The study showed ado-trastuzumab emtansine reduced the risk of an invasive recurrence or death by 50%. The invasive disease–free survival events occurred in 12.2% of patients in the ado-trastuzumab emtansine arm, compared with 22% in the trastuzumab arm. Secondary efficacy endpoints of disease-free survival and distant recurrence–free survival interval also showed clinically meaningful improvements with ado-trastuzumab emtansine relative to trastuzumab. [12]\nA study that evaluated the efficacy of lapatinib in HER2-negative and HER2-uncharacterized metastatic breast cancer concluded that although patients with HER2-negative or HER2-untested metastatic breast cancer did not experience benefit from the addition of lapatinib to paclitaxel, first-line therapy with paclitaxel-lapatinib significantly improved clinical outcomes in patients who were HER2-positive. [13]\nNeratinib is an irreversible tyrosine-kinse inhibitor of EGFR, HER1, HER2, and HER4. Dual blockade by antiangiogenic/HER2 agents (eg, neratinib) targeting HER and EGFR pathways produces greater inhibition of human breast cancer cell lines. In July 2017, the FDA approved neratinib for extended adjuvant therapy for early stage HER2 positive breast cancer following adjuvant trastuzumab-based therapy. [14] The approval was based on the the phase 3 ExteNET trial, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of neratinib following adjuvant trastuzumab treatment. After 2 years of follow-up, invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) was 94.2% in patients treated with neratinib, compared with 91.9% in those receiving placebo. [15]\nBaselga et al reported that adding pertuzumab to traditional therapy with trastuzumab and docetaxel improved disease-free survival time in patients with HER2- positive metastatic breast cancer. [16] Pertuzumab gained approvals for neoadjuvant treatment in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel for patients with HER2-positive, locally advanced, inflammatory, or early stage breast cancer. [17]\nBased on the findings from the APHINITY trial, pertuzumab was also approved for the use in combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy for adjuvant treatment of patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer at high risk of recurrence. In the multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 4804 patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer were randomized to receive pertuzumab or placebo, in combination with adjuvant trastuzumab and chemotherapy.\nAt a median follow-up of 45.4 months, 7.1% patients in the pertuzumab group had developed invasive breast cancer, compared to 8.7% patients in the placebo group. At 3 years, an estimated 94.1% of patients in the pertuzumab group were free of invasive breast cancer, compared to 93.2% of patients in the placebo group. [18]\nIn the metastatic setting, a pivotal phase III trial compared first-line chemotherapy (doxorubicin/epirubicin and cyclophosphamide or paclitaxel) plus trastuzumab versus chemotherapy alone in HER2-positive patients. Trastuzumab plus chemotherapy was associated with a significant improvement in time to disease progression (7.4 mo vs 4.6 mo), objective response rate (50% vs 32%), and 1-year survival (25.1 mo vs 20.3 mo) compared with chemotherapy alone. [19]\nAdditionally, there is evidence suggesting that up-front use of trastuzumab with chemotherapy, in women with advanced HER2-positive breast cancer, prolongs life as compared with sequential administration, with trastuzumab reserved for the time of disease progression on an initial chemotherapy regimen. Based on these results, the FDA approved trastuzumab for first-line therapy in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. However, the question of optimal duration of trastuzumab therapy remains unresolved.\nClinical evidence to support continued trastuzumab treatment after initial progression has emerged. Retrospective studies have described a response to trastuzumab in multiple lines of therapy, and patients treated with more than 2 trastuzumab-containing regimens appear to have advantageous overall survival and TTP outcomes.\nResults from a prospective, randomized study of 112 patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer initially progressing on a trastuzumab-based therapy (GBG-26/BIG 3-05 study) showed that trastuzumab/capecitabine resulted in a longer progression-free survival (8.2 mo vs 5.6 mo) and overall survival (25.5 mo vs 20.4 mo) as compared with the capecitabine-only arm. [20] Objective response rates were also significantly improved in the combination arm (48.1%) versus capecitabine alone (27%). Larger trials are currently ongoing to assess the activity of trastuzumab in multiple lines of treatment.\nAnother agent used in the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer is lapatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Lapatinib was approved in 2007 for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer in HER2-positive patients after progression on trastuzumab. This small molecule is known to block multiple epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs), EGFR (HER-1) and HER2, and is generally well tolerated, with the main toxicities being diarrhea, skin rash, fatigue, and nausea.\nAn analysis of cardiac toxicity found that 1.6% of patients exposed to lapatinib experienced a decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), with 0.2% being symptomatic, lower than the comparable incidence observed with trastuzumab. [21] Preclinical data have indicated synergistic activity between lapatinib and trastuzumab, leading to a randomized study of this combination.\nA phase III trial involving 296 heavily pretreated, trastuzumab-refractory metastatic breast cancer patients randomized to treatment with lapatinib alone or lapatinib with trastuzumab reported combination therapy significantly improved progression-free survival (8.4 wks vs 12 wks) compared with lapatinib alone. [22]\nThere was a nonsignificant trend toward improved median overall survival. Diarrhea and rash were the most common side effects. An asymptomatic decline in LVEF was seen in 5% of patients in the combination arm, compared with 2% in the lapatinib-alone arm.\nIn one study, 991 patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer previously treated with trastuzumab and taxane were randomized to treatment with the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab emtansine or lapatinib plus capecitabine. Trastuzumab emtansine was shown to significantly prolong progression-free (9.6 months vs. 6.4 months) and overall survival (30.9 months vs. 25.1 months) compared with lapatinib plus capecitabine, and was associated with a better toxicity profile. [23]\nBaselga et al reported that adding pertuzumab to traditional therapy with trastuzumab and docetaxel improved disease-free survival time in patients with HER2- positive metatstatic breast cancer. [16] For more information, see Novel HER2 Receptor Agents, below.\nSee Breast Cancer Treatment Protocols for summarized information.\nOnly 1 in 3 HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients respond to single-agent trastuzumab, and most, if not all, eventually develop resistance. To overcome resistance, trastuzumab has been modified using a covalent linker to attach DM1, a derivative of the microtubule destabilizer maytansine. Ado-trastuzumab (Kadcyla) was approved as a single agent for treatment of HER2-positive, metastatic breast cancer in patients who have already undergone unsuccessful treatment with trastuzumab and a taxane, either separately or in combination.\nBy exploiting trastuzumab to target the cytotoxic activity of DM1 to HER2-overexpressing cells, ado-trastuzumab offers a novel mechanism for overcoming trastuzumab resistance. A phase I trial of every-3-week ado-trastuzumab demonstrated a clinical benefit rate of 53% in metastatic breast cancer patients that had progressed on previous trastuzumab. Additionally, preliminary results from a phase II trial reported an objective response rate of 43%. [24] Approval was based on results from EMILIA, an international phase III study comparing ado-trastuzumab to lapatinib plus capecitabine (n=991). The study showed a significantly prolonged progression-free and overall survival with less toxicity than lapatinib plus capecitabine. [18]\nSince December 2017, the FDA has approved 4 biosimilars of trastuzumab (Herzuma, Ogivri, Ontruzant, Trazimera) to treat HER2-overexpressed breast cancer. All biosimilars of trastuzumab have demonstrated efficacies and safety outcomes similar to those of the standard trastuzumab. [25, 26, 27, 28]\nPertuzumab (Perjeta), a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the activation of the HER2 receptor by hindering dimerization, was approved by the FDA in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel. This novel therapy is targeted at HER2- positive metastatic breast cancer patients previously not treated with hormone therapy or chemotherapy. Its future use in earlier stages is currently being investigated.\nFDA-approval of pertuzumab was based on results from the Clinical Evaluation of Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab (CLEOPATRA) trial. Pertuzumab elicits action at a different ligand binding site from trastuzumab to prevent HER2 dimerization. The combination of both HER2 receptor antibodies (pertuzumab plus trastuzumab) is superior to either agent alone. The trial compared first-line trastuzumab plus docetaxel (plus placebo) to trastuzumab plus docetaxel plus pertuzumab in HER2-postive metastatic breast cancer. Results from the study showed an average increase in progression-free survival of 6.1 months in patients receiving pertuzumab in addition to trastuzumab and docetaxel with minimal to no increase in cardiac toxic effects. [16]\nThe FDA approved pertuzumab for neoadjuvant treatment in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel for patients with HER2-positive, locally advanced, inflammatory, or early stage breast cancer (either greater than 2 cm in diameter or node positive). Approval was based on a randomized trial that compared a number of regimens with and without pertuzumab in women with HER2-positive breast cancer. In the trial, 39.3% of patients treated with pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel (n = 107) achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR), compared with 21.5% of patients treated with trastuzumab and docetaxel (n = 107) at the time of surgery. [17]\nSeveral ongoing phase I/II trials are investigating this TKI combination with trastuzumab, paclitaxel, or vinorelbine in patients with trastuzumab-refractory breast cancer. Other EGFR TKIs, such as gefitinib and erlotinib, have been studied in combination with trastuzumab and endocrine therapy with disappointing results.\nWhat are the American College of Clinical Oncology and the College of American Pathologists guidelines on HER2 testing in breast cancer?\nWhat is the role of IHC in HER2 breast cancer testing?\nWhat is the role of FISH in HER2 breast cancer testing?\nWhich medications are used in adjuvant therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer?\nWhich medications are used in the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer?\nWhich novel HER2 agents are under evaluation for the treatment of breast cancer?\nWhat is HER2-positive breast cancer?\nWhat is the scoring method for HER2 expression in breast cancer testing?\nWhat does human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing for breast cancer?\nHow is HER2 FISH testing for breast cancer interpreted?\nWhat is the role of trastuzumab in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer?\nWhat is the role of lapatinib in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer?\nWhat is the role of neratinib in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer?\nWhat is the role of pertuzumab in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer?\nHow is HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer treated?\nWhat is the role of ado-trastuzumab (Kadcyla) in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer?\nWhich biosimilar trastuzumab medications have been FDA approved for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer?\nWhat is the role of pertuzumab (Perjeta) in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer?\nWhich TKI combinations have been investigated for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer?\nMoasser MM, Krop IE. The Evolving Landscape of HER2 Targeting in Breast Cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2015 Jul 23. [Medline].\nWolff AC, Hammond ME, Hicks DG, Dowsett M, McShane LM, Allison KH, et al. Recommendations for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Clinical Practice Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Oct 7. [Medline].\nRakha EA, Pinder SE, Bartlett JM, Ibrahim M, Starczynski J, Carder PJ, et al. Updated UK Recommendations for HER2 assessment in breast cancer. J Clin Pathol. 2015 Feb. 68 (2):93-9. [Medline].\nPenault-Llorca F, Vincent-Salomon A, Mathieu MC, et al. [2014 update of the GEFPICS' recommendations for HER2 status determination in breast cancers in France]. Ann Pathol. 2014 Oct. 34 (5):352-65. [Medline].\nBianchi S, Caini S, Paglierani M, Saieva C, Vezzosi V, Baroni G, et al. Accuracy and Reproducibility of HER2 Status in Breast Cancer Using Immunohistochemistry: A Quality Control Study in Tuscany Evaluating the Impact of Updated 2013 ASCO/CAP Recommendations. Pathol Oncol Res. 2015 Apr. 21 (2):477-85. [Medline].\nHer2 and TGFBeta Cytotoxic T Cells in Treatment of Her2 Positive Malignancy (HERCREEM). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00889954. September 18, 2018; Accessed: May 14, 2019.\n[Guideline] Wolff AC, Hammond ME, Schwartz JN, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. Jan 1 2007. 25(1):118-45.\nSlamon D, Eiermann W, Robert N, Pienkowski T, Martin M, Press M, et al. Adjuvant trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011 Oct 6. 365(14):1273-83. [Medline].\nHerceptin Hylecta (trastuzumab/hyaluronidase) [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc. February, 2019. Available at [Full Text].\nIsmael G, Hegg R, Muehlbauer S, Heinzmann D, Lum B, Kim SB, et al. Subcutaneous versus intravenous administration of (neo)adjuvant trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive, clinical stage I-III breast cancer (HannaH study): a phase 3, open-label, multicentre, randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012 Sep. 13 (9):869-78. [Medline]. [Full Text].\nGligorov J, Ataseven B, Verrill M, De Laurentiis M, Jung KH, Azim HA, et al. Safety and tolerability of subcutaneous trastuzumab for the adjuvant treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive early breast cancer: SafeHer phase III study's primary analysis of 2573 patients. Eur J Cancer. 2017 Sep. 82:237-246. [Medline]. [Full Text].\nvon Minckwitz G, et al. Trastuzumab Emtansine for Residual Invasive HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019 Feb 14. 380 (7):617-628. [Medline].\nDi Leo A, Gomez HL, Aziz Z, Zvirbule Z, Bines J, Arbushites MC, et al. Phase III, double-blind, randomized study comparing lapatinib plus paclitaxel with placebo plus paclitaxel as first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Dec 1. 26(34):5544-52. [Medline]. [Full Text].\nneratinib (Nerlynx) [package insert]. 10880 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 2150 Los Angeles, CA 90024-4106: Puma Biotechnology, Inc. 7/2017. Available at [Full Text].\nChan A, Delaloge S, Holmes FA. Neratinib after trastuzumab-based adjuvant therapy in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer (ExteNET): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Mar. 17 (3):367-77. [Medline]. [Full Text].\nBaselga J, Cortés J, Kim SB, Im SA, Hegg R, Im YH, et al. Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel for metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jan 12. 366(2):109-19. [Medline].\nGianni L, Pienkowski T, Im YH, Roman L, Tseng LM, Liu MC, et al. Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant pertuzumab and trastuzumab in women with locally advanced, inflammatory, or early HER2-positive breast cancer (NeoSphere): a randomised multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012 Jan. 13(1):25-32. [Medline].\nVerma S, Miles D, Gianni L, Krop IE, Welslau M, Baselga J, et al. Trastuzumab emtansine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012 Nov 8. 367(19):1783-91. [Medline].\nSlamon DJ, Leyland-Jones B, Shak S, Fuchs H, Paton V, Bajamonde A, et al. Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N Engl J Med. 2001 Mar 15. 344(11):783-92. [Medline]. [Full Text].\nVon Minckwitz G, Zielinski C, Maarteense E, et al. 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[Medline].\nVukelja S, Rugo H, Vogel C, et al. A phase II study of trastuzumab-DM1, a first-in-class HER2 antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2009. 69(suppl 2):71s:Abstract 33.\nOgivri (trastuzumab-dkst) [package insert]. Zurich, Switzerland: Mylan GmbH. December 2018. Available at [Full Text].\nHerzuma (trastuzumab-pkrb) [package insert]. Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22014, Republic of Korea: Celltrion, LLC. December 2018. Available at [Full Text].\nTrazimera (trastuzumab-qyyp) [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer Labs. March 2019. Available at [Full Text].\nOntruzant (trastuzumab-dttb) [package insert]. Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21987, Republic of Korea: Samsung Bioepis Co. January 2019. Available at [Full Text].\nMaurie Markman, MD, MS President, Medicine and Science, Cancer Treatment Centers of America\nMaurie Markman, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: Academy of Medicine of Cleveland & Northern Ohio, American Association for Cancer Research, American College of Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Federation for Clinical Research, American Medical Association, American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Hematology, Clinical Immunology Society, Gynecologic Oncology Group, Harris County Medical Society, International Gynecologic Cancer Society, International Society for Regional Cancer Therapy, New York State Society for Internal Medicine, Ohio State Medical Association, Public Responsibility in Medicine and Research, Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, Society for Integrative Oncology, Society of Gynecologic Oncology, SWOG, Texas Medical Association\nDisclosure: Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Genentech; Astra-Zeneca ; Clovis; Tesaro<br/>Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Astra-Zeneca; Clovis; Genentech; Tesaro; Celgene; Merck; Nanology<br/>Received consulting fee from Genentech; Received consulting fee from Cellgene; Received consulting fee from Merck; Received consulting fee from Nanology.\nEric T Rush, MD, FAAP, FACMG Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine; Clinical Geneticist, Children's Mercy Hospital of Kansas City\nEric T Rush, MD, FAAP, FACMG is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, American College of Physicians, American Society for Bone and Mineral Research\nDisclosure: Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, and Biomarin Pharmaceuticals<br/>Honoraria for: Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Biomarin Pharmaceuticals.\nKarl S Roth, MD Retired Professor and Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Creighton University School of Medicine\nKarl S Roth, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Nutrition, American Pediatric Society, American Society for Nutrition, American Society of Nephrology, Association of American Medical Colleges, Medical Society of Virginia, New York Academy of Sciences, Sigma Xi, Society for Pediatric Research, Southern Society for Pediatric Research\nPrint this section\nPrint the entire contents of\nPrint the entire contents of article\nencoded search term (Breast Cancer and HER2) and Breast Cancer and HER2\nBreast Cancer Histology\nBreast Cancer Staging\nBreast Cancer in Men\nBreast Cancer Treatment Protocols\nBreast Cancer Risk Factors\nThe Expression Level of HJURP has an Independent Prognostic Impact and Predicts the Sensitivity to Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer\nPrescriptions for Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors, Non-selective Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, and Risk of Breast Cancer in a Population-based Case-control Study\nBreast Implant and Blood Cancer Advice Updated\nTop News From ASCO 2019: Slideshow\nAccording to Oncologist/Hematologists\n'Surgery Is Never Elegant When Women Are in the OR'\nModerate Intake of Red Meat Tied to Higher Colorectal Cancer Risk\nPoor Diet Linked to 80,000 Cancer Cases in the United States\nVenous Thromboembolism Clinical Practice Guidelines (2019)\nAfter a Patient Death, Top Cancer Center Issues Corrective Plan\nDiseases & Conditions Breast Cancer Histology\nNews Early Risers May Have Lower Breast Cancer Risk\nDiseases & Conditions Breast Cancer\n2001 /viewarticle/915413 Article\nArticle At ASCO 2019, New Studies Provide Hope for Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer"