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Cynthia D. Lynch-Edmonds
CYNTHIA DIANE LYNCH-EDMONDS was born on September 1, 1958, in Halifax County, North Carolina, to the late June “Pop” Newell and Evelyn Lynch-Bluford, and departed this earthly life on Saturday, February 4, 2017, at Duke University Hospital in Durham, North Carolina.
Cynthia accepted Jesus Christ as her Lord and Savior and became a member of the Fidelity Baptist Church in, Littleton, North Carolina, in 1988. She served in many capacities including the Usher Board, Sunday school, Bible Study, Missionary Ministry, and was also active with the teaching of the youth whenever called upon. She was a faithful servant of the Lord and truly loved her church family.
Cynthia was united in Holy Matrimony to Gary Alvin “Rabbit” Edmonds, who preceded her in death. This union was blessed with three children. She was a loving, caring wife, mother, and grandmother.
Luke 4:10 reminds us that God sent and commanded his angels to guard and look over us, but you didn’t need to be a person of faith to see that Cynthia Diane Lynch-Edmonds embodied this mandate. From the moment you entered her presence, you understood and felt God’s love. His light and warmth were incessantly shown through her, and it took but a moment for those of us who were lucky enough to feel its luminescence.
Our memories of Cynthia are vast, as well as, deep. From the classrooms of Spanish Harlem to those of Halifax County, to the houses of worship where she exemplified the truest service to the Lord, to the myriads among us who call her family, to the innumerable among you who called and treated her like family, and to the bellies and souls she filled with her food and love, she has earned and will have a place in our hearts and minds….forever.
In addition to her parents and husband, she was preceded in death by her sister, Otelia Lynch Davis.
Her sweet, loving spirit will forever remain constant in the lives of her children, Kimberly Lynch and Joshua Edmonds of Greensboro, NC, and Gary Edmonds of Warrensburg, MO; four grandchildren, Khadijha, Khaylah, Khriston, and Just’us all of Greensboro, NC; two brothers, Clinton Lynch (Robin) and Michael Lynch all of Littleton, NC; her sisters, Sharon, Renee, and Hancorenetta Scott of New York; her godmother, Mary Ponder of New York; her uncle, Edward “Smacky” Lynch (Ruth) of Teaneck, NJ; her aunt, Ruth “Dee Dee” Stith of Clayton, NC; her nephew, Tashi Davis of Lexington Park, MD; and a host of nieces, other nephews, cousins and many friends.
Funeral services will be held at 2:00 P.M. on Sunday, February 12, 2017, in the chapel of the funeral home. Rev. John Rooks will deliver the eulogy, and burial will follow in the Fidelity Baptist Church Cemetery, 627 Summit Road, Littleton, NC. The body will repose at the funeral home until 8:30 P.M. on Saturday, February 11, 2017, and the family will receive friends from 6:00 -7:00 P.M.
← Edward Levon Jones
Arrie Mariah “Fiz” Phipps Townes →
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Figure 9. Selected Industrial and Mining Activity, 1988
Source: Based on information from K.P. Wang et al., Mineral Industries of the Far East and South Asia, Washington, 1988, 74- 75.
The Korean Peninsula is only modestly endowed with natural resources, and North Korea has far more natural resources than South Korea. During the Japanese colonial period (1910-45), the north served as the center for mining and industry whereas the south, with somewhat greater rainfall, a warmer climate, and slightly greater arable terrain, served as the center for rice production. (see Physical Environment , ch. 2).
South Korea's mineral production is not adequate to supply its manufacturing output. Energy needs are also met by importing bituminous and anthracite coal and crude petroleum. In 1987 approximately 23.4 million tons of anthracite coal, approximately 4,000 tons of tungsten, 565,000 tons of iron ore, and 47,000 tons of zinc ore were mined. Lesser amounts of copper, lead, molybdenum, gold, silver, kaolin, and fluorite also were mined (see fig. 9).
Energy producers were dominated by government enterprises, although privately operated coal mines and oil refineries also existed. In 1990 South Korea still had no proven oil reserves. Offshore oil possibilities in the Yellow Sea and on the continental shelf between Korea and Japan yielded nothing through the 1980s, but exploration continued. South Korea's coal supply was both insufficient and of low quality. The potential for hydroelectric power was very limited because of tremendous seasonal variations in the weather and the concentration of most of the rainfall in the summer months. Accordingly, Seoul placed an increasingly heavy emphasis on developing nuclear power generation.
Electric power in South Korea was provided by the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO). When KEPCO's predecessor, KECO, was founded in 1961, annual power production was 1,770 million kilowatt-hours (kwhr); production reached 73,992 million kwhr in 1987. The ratio of usage during 1987 was 17.9 percent for residential customers, 16.2 percent for public and service businesses, and 65.9 percent for the industrial sector. Energy used in electric power generation consisted primarily of nuclear, coal, oil, and liquified natural gas (LNG). Of the 54,885 million kwhr of electricity generated in 1985, 22 percent came from nuclear plants then in operation, 74 percent from thermal plants (oil and coal), and 4 percent from hydroelectric sites. It was predicted in 1988 that the generation structure by the year 2000 would be 10.2 percent hydroelectric, 12.2 percent oil, 22.9 percent coal, 10.2 percent LNG, and 44.5 percent nuclear.
South Korea placed a heavy emphasis on nuclear power generation. The country's first nuclear power plant, the Kori Number One located near Pusan, opened in 1977. Eight plants were operational in 1987 when atomic power generation was an estimated 71,158 million kilowatts, or 53.1 percent of total electric power.
South Korea's first antinuclear protests occurred in December 1988 when residents near the Kori complex demonstrated against low-level waste that had been secretly buried just outside the plant. In 1989 residents near other nuclear reactors protested the environmental damage they said was caused by the units. Sixteen antinuclear groups joined together to form the Movement for the Eradication of Nuclear Power Plants. The government, however, asserted that the South Korean nuclear program was well run and that none of the 193 antinuclear protests reported since 1977 was serious.
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1. Low pay is a UK-wide problem
1.1 Twenty-five percent of jobs in Wales are low paid, a figure that has remained largely unchanged over the last 20 years[1]. Low pay is a problem across the UK, and Wales is in a very similar position to many English regions, such as the North-East, North West, West and East Midlands, Yorkshire and Humberside and the South West. The major increase in low paid work in the UK took place between the end of the 1970s and the mid-1990s. Since the introduction of the National Minimum Wage, the overall level of low pay has remained relatively stable in Wales, although there has been a slight reduction in female low pay (currently 29%), compared to a steady increase in male low pay to 19%[2]. While the level of low pay may not stand out in relation to many regions in England, it is high in comparison with a number of other countries, such as France, Italy and Denmark where approximately nine percent of workers are low waged[3]. The incidence of low pay, however, is similar to Germany and somewhat less than the US.
1.2 In Wales, there is considerable regional variation in the incidence of low pay. Caerphilly, Cardiff and Neath Port Talbot have rates of low pay (18-20 percent)[4] that are not that different from London. However, in Gwynedd, one third of all jobs (in the Parliamentary constituency of Dwyfor Meirionnydd it is estimated as half of all jobs) are low paid, with rates at 28 percent in Pembrokeshire and Powys. Rural areas, alongside particular localities within the South Wales Valleys, such as Rhondda and Ogmore, are most reliant on low paid jobs.
1.3 Low pay is not just as issue for young or part-time workers. Nearly half of all low wage workers in the UK (data is not available for Wales) are aged between 31 and 55. Although half of all part-time jobs (for both men and women) are low paid, 43% of all low paid jobs are full-time. These figures relate to employees, and estimates are that, in addition, around half of all the self-employed (in the UK) are low paid.[5] Low pay is found in every sector, but for the UK as a whole, 46 percent of low waged workers are in the retail and hospitality sectors[6]. However, a further 20 percent work in education and health and social work; areas where government has greater leverage.
2 Solutions to Low Pay: Evidence from international studies
2.1 During 2002 and 2008, I was a member of a large international team that undertook a major comparative project on low waged jobs, funded by the US Russell Sage Foundation. It compared lower level jobs in five sectors (food processing, retail, hotels, call centres and hospitals) across six countries[7]. Our conclusion was that the most important determinant of the incidence of low pay was the inclusiveness of wage setting institutions. Inclusiveness refers to the extent to which wages, benefits and working conditions negotiated by those workers with strong bargaining power are able to be extended to those with less bargaining power. The main institutional mechanisms are systems of collective bargaining that cover nearly all workers and/or a relatively high national minimum wage.
2.2 High out-of-work benefits can also be important in restricting low wages, as they provide an effective wage floor, seen in Denmark where there is no legal minimum wage. Other factors, such as macroeconomic effects, i.e. recession and industry structure, mediated national institutional systems but were not the primary factor in shaping low waged work. Levels of education/training were also relatively marginal, for example 80% of Germany’s low paid possessed an apprenticeship or a degree[8].
2.3 For the last 30 years, education and training has been seen as key to tackling poverty and enhancing employment and growth in Wales, as in the UK. While there has been an increase in the proportion of the workforce in graduate and professional occupations in Wales since 2004 (up from 35 to 40 percent), there remain half a million jobs (close to 40%) that do not require a level 2 qualification (equivalent to five A-C GCSEs) on entry[9]. In comparison, less than 200, 000 people of working age in Wales (22%) do not possess a level 2 qualification. The result has been a growing concern about levels of over-qualification, poor skill utilisation and outward migration of qualified workers. Skills policy is an important part of any strategy aimed at tackling low pay and job insecurity, but in isolation the evidence suggests it has little impact on job quality.
3. Insecure Employment
3.1 Hourly pay is clearly an important factor in income, but it is becoming increasingly apparent that the number and the security of hours are major issues in relation to low pay and poverty. Working time security is also essential for workers to be able to participate effectively in society and organise work with other activities, such as childcare, social and sporting activities and other jobs. Although the data is unreliable on the extent of insecure working time, the use of zero hours contracts appears to becoming more prevalent in retail, hospitality and care work, while greater use is being made of ‘self-employment’ status in areas such as delivery. Alongside these types of contracts, which have been prominent in the media, less visible is the use of involuntary part-time work, variable and core hour contracts.
3.2 I was recently involved in a comparative study of the café sector in the UK, Norway and France[10] and we found a clear shift in the UK away from full-time or fixed part-time hours towards employers using variable hours contracts. A minimum number of hours would be specified in the contract – anything from 12 to 20 – with the promise that additional hours would normally be available. In many cases, employees worked full-time most weeks, but for any reason, hours could be cut back without notice. The variability and uncertainty in the number of hours created problems for workers in ensuring a minimum income, as well as making it difficult to manage in-work benefits. In similar organisations, in France and Norway, these types of practices were extremely rare. Employment regulation in both of these countries require hours worked to reflect contracts, notice periods for changes to shifts and, in France, a minimum of 24 hours per week contract for part-time work.
4. Research on low pay
4.1 A number of central conclusions can be drawn from the various research projects that I have been involved in around low paid work.
· Many private sector employers in the UK, for example large retailers, coffee and sandwich shops and hotels are highly profitable, yet still pay low wages. Profit rates in the UK are generally substantially higher than comparable companies in Germany and France.
· Employers are able to recruit workers without diverging far from the national minimum wage and there is little evidence of recruitment or skill shortages in these types of jobs.
· Lack of union organisation and representation makes it extremely difficult to pursue issues of unfair or illegal treatment at work, particularly in relation to working time issues.
· Some sectors are held back from investing in new technology or innovation due to their reliance on low wage workers. In some areas, we see an increase in labour intensive work, for example hand car washing, deliveries, human bill boards[11].
· There is little evidence that a more qualified or skilled workforce leverages a greater number of better paid jobs. For individuals, obtaining qualifications provides the opportunity to compete for a wider range of jobs but there is a lack of evidence to support the view that it pushes employers to change the way they organise work or what they pay.
· For smaller organisations or those squeezed by more powerful players in the supply chain, tight margins can lead to competition based on low labour costs. Outsourcing and subcontracting encourages more wage competition and enables the lead employer to reduce their responsibility for issues such as training, health and safety and employment law.
5. Policy measures on low pay & insecure working hours
5.1 International research would indicate that the widespread extension of collective bargaining or a high national minimum wage are central factors to reducing the incidence of low wages. Powers to intervene in these areas are only available at the UK level and with collective bargaining coverage at 26 percent, rebuilding these types of institutions is likely to be a long-term process. The recent introduction of the ‘national living wage’ will have some positive effects on wages at the lower end, but it is only available for the over-25s, with one third of low paid workers excluded. The minimum wage will not have any impact on the number and security of hours available to workers. The primary mechanism available to deal with working time issues is through employment legislation and enforcement, and these are very weak in the UK.
In the absence of Welsh government powers in these areas, there are a number of potential interventions to improve the pay and security of workers, although they are likely to have a much smaller impact. Some suggestions are made in relation to three main areas: the Living Wage, public sector procurement and industrial policy.
5.2 Living Wage
· Extend further the use of the Living Wage in the public sector. The Living Wage is still not implemented by many local authority employers.
· The education and the health and care sectors account for 20 percent of low wage jobs and the government is the main funder. Consider how social care can be funded and managed to ensure care workers are paid the living wage.
· Implementation of the living wage should be linked to improving working time and employment security, an approach that will require more focus on enforcement.
· More high profile campaigns and ‘badging’ of employers, particularly in the retail and hospitality sectors.
5.3 Public sector procurement
· Use of public procurement throughout the public sector to extend current practice, for example measures used in the construction sector could be explored in other areas.
· Procurement processes that prioritise local employment and direct employment and encourage good quality training programmes, such as apprenticeships or retraining for older workers.
· Develop the procurement skills in the civil service and public sector more broadly to reflect a shift away from cost efficiency model to one built around quality of provision and enhancing the economy through higher wages.
5.4 Industrial Policy
· Supporting SMEs and embedded sectors in rural areas. Consider how planning applications for retail and hospitality outlets, for example, can be extended to include job quality measures.
· Government funding/support only for existing companies and inward investors that are long-term and sustainable, rather than ‘footloose’.
· A more targeted skills policy that supports an industrial strategy by focusing on those organisations and sectors which have the potential to create and sustain high value-added, intermediate and high skilled jobs.
· Link industrial policy support to new procurement practices that encourage local businesses to grow.
6 Limitations
The extent to which a more ambitious approach can be developed in Wales is restricted by austerity and the lack of resources held by Welsh government and the public sector more broadly. Limited economic and regulatory powers also limits the potential for intervention in the private sector where low wage jobs are more prevalent.
[1] Below 2/3 median hourly pay. Clarke, S. and D’Arcy, C (2016) Low Pay Britain, London: Resolution Foundation, pg37
[2] http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-question/ Commons/2014-11-21/215522/
[3] Eurostat 2014 earn_SES_pub1
[5] Broughton, N. and Richards, B. (2016) Tough Gig: Tackling low paid self-employment in the London and the UK, London: Social Market Foundation.
[6] Clarke, S. and D’Arcy, C (2016)
[7] J. Gautié and J. Schmitt (eds) (2010) Low-Wage Work in the Wealthy World, New York: RSF
[8] Bosch, G. and Weinkopf, C. (2010) ‘Minimum wage systems and changing industrial relations in Europe: National Report Germany’, www.research.mbs.ac.uk/ewerc/Portals/0/docs/GermanReport_000.pdf
[9] Felstead, A., Davies, R. and Jones, S. (2013) Skills and the Quality of Work in Wales, 2006-2012, Cardiff: WISERD.
[10] Lloyd, C. and Payne, J. (2016) Skills in the Age of Over-qualification: Comparing Service Sector Jobs in Europe, Oxford: OUP.
[11] See for example, Clarke, I. and Colling, T. (2016) ‘New insights into informal migrant employment: Hand car washes in a mid-sized English city’, Economic and Industrial Democracy.
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One of the starker and more hyper-traditional folk revival acts, sisters Shirley and Dolly Collins greatly widened the Brit-folk repertoire with their tireless resarch and the inventive arrangements of their odd, otherworldly albums. Their style may be a bit dry and rarified for the casual folk fan, but if you're on their wavelength, there's nothing else like it.
Various Artists "SING CHRISTMAS AND THE TURN OF THE YEAR" (Rounder, 2000)
A young Shirley Collins makes one of her earliest recorded appearances as part of a holiday-oriented tour de force organized by American expat, uber-folklorist Alan Lomax. It's an amazing live BBC broadcast from Christmas Day, 1957, which gathered the talents of revered revivalists such as A. L. Lloyd, Seamus Ennis, Cyril Tawney, and Ewan MacColl, as well as numerous lesser-known performers. From studios in Belfast, Birmingham, London, Wales, Plymouth, Derbyshire and Scotland, they were all contributing live on the air to an elaborate Christmas pageant that included not only British and Celtic folk material (including plenty of pagan and protest music), but also the rockin' new skiffle style and a bit of calypso and African highlife music from Britain's immigrant communities. The tightly scripted program features narration by Lomax, who had spent the bulk of the '50s in the UK, hosting various folk programs on radio and TV, and who waxes eloquent about the social and mystical roots of Britain's Christmas traditions. Lomax was ahead of the curve in so many ways on this project, it's hard to know where to begin -- stylistically, technically, crossculturally -- this was an ambitious, professionally realized broadcast that gathered together the best of Britain's folk talent, and yet retained the charm of a grade school talent show. Collins contributes on several tracks, a bit stiff-sounding, but still the voice of England's rural tradition -- in a foreshadowing of things to come, she even closes out the program singing with a Skiffle group! This album is fascinating as a work of art and a historical document, this is one of the jewels of Rounder's extensive program reissuing Lomax's vast recorded legacy. The songs and snippets whiz by too fast, but it's still a dazzling show!
Shirley Collins "Sweet England" (Argo/Topic, 1959)
Shirley Collins "False True Lovers" (Folkways, 1959)
Shirley Collins & Davy Graham "Folk Roots, New Routes" (Decca, 1964)
A fab reissue of one of the early touchstones of the British folk movement, this captures two of the founding members at peak performance. Graham's innovative, bluesy-jazzy guitar work is an odd, but oddly effective counterpoint to Collins' tradtionalist balladry. Yet with all the musical experimentation, the flow and narrative punch of the songs are never lost, and the record is solid from start to stop. It is easy to see how Graham's acoustic work on this early album would have had a powerful impact on the up-and-coming young guitarists such as Bert Jansch, John Renbourn and Richard Thompson, who came in his wake, and furthered the fusion of blues, rock and trad. Highly recommended!
Shirley & Dolly Collins "The Sweet Primeroses" (Topic, 1967)
Highly recommended. For me, this is one of Collins' most compelling albums, with several of the most vivid folk stories she's recorded. Peter Bellamy and his cohorts in the Young Tradition sing backup (apparently; they were uncredited on the original album...) Thes songs feature tragedy after tragedy -- lost loves, furtive trysts, unwanted pregnancies galore. England's archaic expressions of sexuality and desire are laid bare with an a sense of reserve which is entirely appropriate to the original "code" that these songs were written in. Also includes an early recording of "Spencer The Rover," a song which may be familiar to fans of John Martyn. (The CD reissue includes several tracks taken from the 1963 Heroes In Love EP.)
Shirley Collins "The Power Of The True Love Knot" (Polydor, 1967/Fledgling, 1999)
Shirley & Dolly Collins "Anthems In Eden" (Harvest, 1969)
The Collins Sisters continue their exploration of early music themes, aided by members of the Early Music Consort, who play numerous obscure instruments, such as the rebec, sackbut, rackett and crumhorn... This is a much larger ensemble than on previous Collins albums, but in some ways the rarified, somewhat arid quality remains unaffected. To be honest, I find it hard to get into this music; it requires more intellect and less emotion than I'm willing to give to appreciate music... Still, this album is considered a classic in the genre.
Shirley & Dolly Collins "Love, Death And The Lady" (Harvest, 1970)
Shirley Collins & The Albion Country Band "No Roses" (Pegasus, 1971)
Collins created a veritable English folk dynasty when she gathered together the Albion Country Band, wherein Ashley Hutchings, Richard Thompson, Simon Nicol, John Kirkpatrick, along with Lal and Mike Waterson, Maddy Prior and Royston Wood (late of The Young Tradition) all back Collins up on one of her best albums. As ever, Collins's voice is an aquired taste, but if you enjoy her already, then this is the album to get. On "Murder Of Maria Martin," Collins finds an epic ballad to give "Matty Groves" a run for its money. Nic Jones pitches in on that tune as well... In fact, this album is so packed with Brit-folk luminaries, it's actually a bit mind-boggling. Richard Thompson's presence looms heavy on the whole project -- a blessing for his fans as well. After this, the Albion Band took on a life of its own, primarily led by Ashley Hutchings. Shirley Collins joined them again from time to time (on albums noted below), but the Albion history begins here... An album well worth searching out.
Etchingham Steam Band "Etchingham Steam Band" (Fledg'ling, 1974/1995)
An Albion Band spin-off with Shirley and Dolly Collins in on the fun. Although this album was recorded in 1974, it was not released until 1995.
Shirley & Dolly Collins "Adieu To Old England" (Topic, 1974/Fledgling, 1999)
Shirley & Dolly Collins "Amaranth" (Harvest, 1976)
Apparently this LP only featured six new songs (although those feature a bunch of Fairporters, giving Collins a big boost instrumentally...) The second side of the album is made up of Shirley and Dolly's "Anthems in Eden Suite," which was originally released in 1969.
Shirley & Dolly Collins "For As Many Will" (Topic, 1977/Fledgling, 1993)
The Albion Dance Band "The Prospect Before Us" (Harvest, 1977)
One of a long line of Albion/Etchingham-related albums featuring Shirley Collins, Simon Nicol and Collins's onetime husband, Ashley Hutchings. Albion was an enlarged, electrified version of the Etchingham band, with a determined devotion to ceilidh, or country dance material. It's a lot more upbeat and playful than most of Collins' own material, with a thumping downbeat and overall clompy good-nature. A bit goofy, sure, but good clean fun along the same lines as the various "Morris On" albums that Hutchings had produced with all their folk-prog cohorts. This album even features a few live tracks, which give a pretty good idea of just how good this group was, even outside of the studio. May wear a bit thin after a while, but it's still a nice, fun record.
Shirley & Dolly Collins "Harking Back" (World Serpent, 1998)
Live recordings of two of the Collins sister's last public concerts, in late 1978 and early 1979. The recording quality is quite nice, although Shirley's spoken introductions to many of these songs is practically inaudible. Nice audience rapport throughout, and many of these songs are, of course, drawn from various albums throughout their careers. The CD also has some very good, very personal, liner notes by Shirley Collins, regarding the passing of Dolly Collins, who died in 1995.
The Young Tradition & Shirley And Dolly Collins "The Holly Bears The Crown" (Fledgling, 1995)
A compelling collection of Christmastime and winter-y ditties, originally recorded in 1969, merging the talents of the Collins sisters and the equally craggy and arcane Young Tradition trio. There's a great stylistic variation, from the craggy-voiced growls of the late Peter Bellamy to some of the sweetest harmonizations the Collins sisters ever did. There's a cool variant version of "The Holly Bears A Crown," and several other semi-pagan spirituality tunes, some of it stark, some of it melodic. But this is one of the most accessible Collins-related albums I've had the pleasure to hear... Highly recommended!
Shirley & Dolly Collins "Snapshots" (Fledgling, 2006)
Best-Ofs
Shirley Collins "A Favorite Garland" (Decca, 1974)
Covers her career from 1964-'74.
Shirley Collins "Fountain Of Snow" (World Serpent, 1999)
Shirley Collins "Within Sound" (Free Reed, 2003)
A massive box set packed with "hits," rarities and concert recordings, including nearly two dozen previously unreleased performances and many more hard-to-find older recordings. May be a bit daunting for the Collins-shy, but devoted fans will go gaga.
Shirley Collins "The Classic Collection" (Highpoint, 2004)
Shirley & Dolly Collins "The Harvest Years" (EMI, 2008)
Peter Bellamy/Various Artists "The Transports" (Free Reed/Topic, 1977)
In the 1780s, with the Americas closed as a dumping ground for the criminal class and other assorted ne'er-do-wells, England decided to ship its convicts off to the rocky shores of Australia. Among the hundreds of prisoners on the penal transports of the "First Fleet" were Henry Cabell and Susannah Holmes, a young couple who met in jail, but had to make it all the way to Botany Bay before they were allowed to be wed. This dense song-cycle chronicles their journey -- convicted of petty theft, detained for several years in an English jail before being deported to Australia, and finally wed under colonial law, later to become one of the founding families of the new nation. Peter Bellamy wrote the libretto, and enlisted a phalanx of the most talented British trad singers to help out, including June Tabor, Nic Jones, Martin Carthy and The Watersons, each taking on a role within the operetta. Dolly Collins provides orchestral arrangements that are mildly impenetrable or overly flowery at times, and the overall tempo of the album lacks variation, but the material itself is very powerful and the story is quite compelling. (For more folk music dealing with Australian history, also check out the various albums by Martyn Wyndham-Read.)
English Folk Singers is one of the best sites on the Web, with a complete, lavishly annotated discography, and some nice personal asides. The other artist profiles on here are quite nice, too. Thanks, also, to this site for various clarifications and discographical information.
World Serpent is best known as the label of the dark-ambient band, Current 93. They also have put out some of the best Brit-folk reissues in recent memory... well worth checking out!
Fledgling Records is currently the Brit-folk label to check out... They've recently put out some of the best, most obscure, and most overdue reissues in recent memory, and have several nice new records out as well... They are, indeed, the bee's knees.
Main Celt/Brit Index
International Music Index
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Milwaukee 0 0 1 3 1 0 1 0 1 7 8 1
San Francisco 0 0 0 1 3 1 2 1 x 8 15 1
W: T. Gott (3-0) L: J. Guerra (2-1) S: W. Smith (18)
1:05 PM PT2:05 PM MT3:05 PM CT4:05 PM ET16:05 ET20:05 GMT4:05 1:05 PM MST3:05 PM EST3:35 PM VEN0:05 UAE (+1)3:05 PM CT, June 15, 2019
Oracle Park, San Francisco, California Attendance: 34,560
Yastrzemski, Vogt team up to lead Giants over Brewers 8-7
(AP Photo/Jeff Chiu)
By GIDEON RUBIN
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) After languishing in the minors for seven years, Mike Yastrzemski is making up for lost time.
The grandson of Hall of Famer Carl Yastrzemski made a diving catch for the final out and catcher Steven Vogt hit two triples as the San Francisco Giants beat the Milwaukee Brewers 8-7 on Saturday.
The Giants rallied from a 5-1 deficit for their fourth straight win.
Christian Yelich hit his major league-leading 26th homer for the Brewers, who have lost three of four after a four-game winning streak.
Yelich connected for a solo drive with two outs in the ninth and Ryan Braun followed with a single for his third hit. Yasmani Grandal then hit a drive to left-center field, but Yastrzemski rushed over and in for a diving grab to end it.
"You're kind of in the heat of the moment where you just want to get the out somehow," Yastrzemski said. "It's a moment of relief because those last three outs are the hardest outs to get, especially the last one."
"So when it finally ends and we solidify the W, then you just take that deep breath and say `all right, we're good,'" he said.
Will Smith wound up with his 18th save in 18 tries. Smith pitched for the fourth time in five days.
"Amazing," Smith said of Yastrzemski's catch. "He gets the save today, for sure. Just a great play, playing the game the right way, playing hard, laying out and making a catch for us is nice."
The Giants acquired Yastrzemski in a trade with the Baltimore Orioles in March. The 28-year-old was 2 for 4.
On Friday, Yastrzemski hit a two-run homer in the seventh inning of a 5-3 Giants victory over the Brewers.
Vogt became the first Giants catcher to triple twice in a game since Steve Nicosia did it in July 18, 1984. Vogt hadn't hit a triple since May 4, 2017.
Vogt also beat out beat out an infield hit to drive in an insurance run in the eighth.
"Obviously, playing in this ballpark, there's a chance for some triples," Vogt said.
"It's just kind of funny, I've had some triples in the past, but never two in one game, so it's just kind of a weird feeling right when I hit the second one. it kind of went through my head like `wow, could be the second one,'" he said.
Vogt and Brandon Crawford, who doubled twice, each had three hits. Kevin Pillar had two hits and drove in two runs.
The Giants scored twice in the seventh off Junior Guerra (2-1) for a 7-6 lead. Vogt tripled with one out, Pillar hit an RBI single and Crawford doubled home the go-ahead run.
Giants reliever Trevor Gott (3-0) pitched an inning in which he gave up one run for the win.
Brewers starter Jimmy Nelson gave up four runs on five hits in four-plus innings of five-hit ball. The 30-year-old right-hander was making his second start after missing all of last season recovering from shoulder surgery.
Nelson retired 11 straight after yielding two hits to start the game, but lost command pitching into the fifth, when he walked three straight to start the inning before manager Craig Counsell summoned reliever Adrian Houser.
Giants starter Madison Bumgarner gave up three earned in six innings.
Yelich extended his hitting streak to 12 games and Manny Pina also homered for the Brewers.
"They found grass on just a lot of balls and in the end we didn't (get) any on the last ball," Brewers manager Craig Counsell said. "They just kept finding spots where we weren't standing.
Yelich stole his 16th base to move ahead of Jarrod Dyson for the league lead. . Giants first baseman Brandon Belt was 1 for 4, extending his on-base streak to 18 games. . The Giants are a major league-best 16-6 in one-run games.
LEFTY MARK
Bumgarner passed Carl Hubbell for the all-time franchise strikeout record for left-handers with 1,678. He is sixth all-time on the franchise list. Christy Mathewson (2,504) holds the all-time franchise record.
Brewers: LHP Gio Gonzalez (left arm) was scheduled to throw long toss on Saturday.
Giants: C Buster Posey had the day off after a night game on Friday.
Brewers: RHP Chase Anderson (3-1, 3.80) pitched a season-high six innings of four-hit ball in his last start on June 9 in a 5-2 win against Pittsburgh in which he wasn't involved in the decision.
Giants: RHP Jeff Samardzija (3-5, 3.72) takes the mound for the first time since June 8. The 34-year-old is 8-9 with a 4.71 ERA on six or more days or rest.
More AP MLB: https://apnews.com/tag/MLB and https://twitter.com/AP-Sports
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Pseudonym of US author J L Collins (? -? ), of whom nothing is known except his authoring of two novels as by Jonquil, the non-fantastic Was She Engaged? (1871); and Queen Krinaleen's Plagues; Or, How a Simple People Were Destroyed. A Discourse in the Twenty-Second Century (1874), a very early example of the sf novel in which the past (that is, the period during which the novel was actually published) is misunderstood by a contemplator – often literally an archaeologist – from the future. This Ruins and Futurity topos, very popular in the 1870s in its New Zealander guise, may have inspired Jonquil's text, whose twenty-second century narrator's explanation of the depopulation of the United States is linguistically confused (blacks are termed Knee Gross, etc) and condescending. En passant, Evolution and Feminism are mocked, and America's fall is ultimately explained in terms of Satire: Queen Krinaleen of France curses the United States with seven plagues, almost all of them exposing American females to the temptations of foreign fashion. [JC]
J L Collins
Queen Krinaleen's Plagues; Or, How a Simple People Were Destroyed. A Discourse in the Twenty-Second Century (New York: American News Co, 1874) [hb/]
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Westlake, OH Real Estate
Westlake is a pleasant city in the northern region of Ohio, serving as a suburb of Cleveland. This residential community boasts a variety of housing options, a renowned lifestyle center, and proximity to Lake Erie and attractions in Cleveland.
Westlake is primarily residential, featuring a large network of neighborhoods hosting beautiful homes along tree-lined streets. Homes in Westlake range from quaint homes to massive mansions on large lots. The diverse nature of Westlake real estate and abundance of inventory means there is a property in Westlake for every buyer.
Nestled just miles from the shore of Lake Erie lies the charming city of Westlake, boasting a family-friendly atmosphere, homes of all varieties, and a plethora of both indoor and outdoor activities. Westlake is a suburb of Cleveland, which is located approximately 15 miles away. Crocker Park is a popular lifestyle center and mixed-use development in Westlake with retail shops, restaurants, apartments, and office space. The St. John Medical Center, a renowned healthcare facility and university partner, is the top employer in the Westlake area. Other major employers include Hyland Software, Energizer, and more. Travel is convenient for residents, who may access Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, situated approximately 8 miles away.
Westlake is just miles from the shore of Lake Erie. Huntington Beach is a short drive away, providing an ideal location for sunbathing, swimming, fishing, boating, and other water activities. Nearby golf courses include Lakewood Country Club, Meadowood Golf Course, Westwood Country Club, and more. Bradley Woods Reservation is a large swamp forest boasting hiking trails, walking paths, Bunns Lake, and a monarch butterfly way station. Other parks in Westlake include Recreation Center Park, Clague Park, Roman Park, and Tri-City Park.
Westlake is served by Westlake City Schools, which includes Holly Lane Elementary School, Hilliard Elementary School, Dover Elementary School, Bassett Elementary School, Dover Intermediate School, Lee Burneson Middle School, and Westlake High School. There are a number of private school options in Westlake, including Westside Christian Academy, St. Paul Lutheran Church & School, The Goddard School, and more. Westlake is home to the West Center campus of Cleveland State University. Additionally, residents of Westlake may access the colleges and universities in Cleveland, including Case Western Reserve University, the Cleveland Institute of Art, and the main campus of Cleveland State University.
The area of Westlake was first settled on October 10, 1810, and at the time was part of Dover Township. In 1901, the northern region of the township seceded to form Bay Village, and in 1912, a southern portion seceded to join North Olmsted. In the following year, the remaining residents of the township formed a village called Dover Village, which included a portion of Olmsted Township. The village was renamed Westlake in 1940 to eliminate any confusion with the town of Dover, Ohio. The village of Westlake officially became a city in 1957.
Westlake, OH Homes For Sale
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29475 Hummingbird Circle
1633 Cedarwood Drive #321
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1942 Reeds Court Trail
23273 Pheasant Lane #11
4027 Porter Road
$249,900 Price Reduced $99
29314 Schwartz Road
2530 Canterbury Road
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dodie - human - the orchard
TRY: #4, #6
FCC: #3
Facebook / Website / Twitter
dodie announces the Human EP, due for release on 18 January in digital, CD and vinyl formats. Human is a song about connection, deep interest and excitement for a new relationship, in which dodie sings over soaring strings and baritone ukulele: “Paint me in trust, I’ll be your best friend. Call me the one, this night just can’t end.” dodie also debuts the video for the song. Directed by Hazel Hayes and starring dodie alongside Oscar Scott-White, it was shot in London earlier this year.
The 23 year old singer songwriter from Epping, Essex, is arguably the most successful DIY artist of recent times, having built herself a considerable fanbase since she began uploading music from her bedroom aged just 16. dodie has now had almost 350 million streams across YouTube, Spotify and Apple Music.
The Human EP follows two self-released EPs, 2016’s Intertwined and last year’s You. Both EPs reached the top 40 of the UK official album charts, with You peaking at number six, despite receiving little promotion. dodie is currently on a sold out tour of the US.
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Spoon Feeding
Just why is it that you never see a knife on a Thai dinner table?
How many times have you visited Thailand? Even if you’ve come over here quite a lot, you still might not be familiar with the way the Thai people eat their food. Of course, if you have Thai friends and have been invited to their house for a meal, that’s a different matter. But, unless you’re acquainted with Thai customs, then eating-in with a tableful of Thais might come as quite a jolt.
For a start, we Westerners have grown up with the idea of ‘courses’ – appetisers, soups, mains and desserts. But with a Thai meal, you’ll find there’s a whole bunch of plates in the middle of the table, and you pick a bit from each one and add it to your own plate. You’ll usually find that there are dishes that contain aspects of the four cornerstones of Thai cuisine - sweet, spicy, salty and sour. And the polite way to eat is to take a little bit of one item at a time and add it to your plate, then go back for something else.
And then there’s the cutlery – at least you won’t have to worry about which one of a small arsenal of silver cutlery you should use, or the correct thing to do with your napkin! Paper napkins are the order of the day, for wiping sticky fingers or dabbing at mouths. And the entire range of cutlery consists of just two items, a shover and a shoveller! The fork is kept in the left hand and held almost upright to act as a kind of stop, or sometimes to nudge the food onto your spoon. And the spoon, in the right hand, shunts the food towards the fork. And the result of their coming together is the hopefully effortless transfer of food onto your spoon.
As a side note here, there’s a popular misconception that Thai food is eaten with chopsticks – it’s quite amusing to see this happen in Thai restaurants abroad, where over half the customers seem to take great pride in being able to do this. Chopsticks are an interloper, favoured by Chinese settlers, and only ever used by Thais to eat noodles.
So why do the Thais not use knives at the table? It’s partly connected with history, and partly sheer practicality. But bear in mind that, only a couple of hundred years ago, we Europeans had no cutlery at all. Right up until the 18th century, everyone carried their own personal knife, used daily for numerous things, one of these being to cut food. Food was placed directly onto a slab of hollowed-out stale bread in lieu of a plate (a ‘trencher’) and the meat, gravy and bread were eaten using the fingers.
And this is just how it used to be in Thailand, too. Remember, the Thai nation historically was a nation of peasant farmers, right up until comparatively recent times. Peasants don’t get to eat the sort of meat and delicacies that the aristocracy enjoy. Fish and chicken were their staples, accompanied by rice and domestic vegetables. And their sticky rice was the equivalent of Europe’s trenchers; you could pat it into a ball and flatten it out, and then use it to wrap around the fish or poultry. There was no need for knives either, as the cooks were adept at chopping everything up into small pieces so that they could be eaten in this way with sticky rice.
But this was to change when European traders began to visit Thailand. In 1684, the Thai King granted permission for the first foreign embassy in Thailand, representing the French nation and its diplomatic and trading interests. But it wasn’t until the mid-1800s that Thailand’s latest and most forward-looking monarch, HRH King Rama IV, King Mongkut, became keen to educate himself in the ways of the West – he saw this as not only enlightening, but as a desirable diplomatic tool, too. As a part of this initiative, he invited an English woman to teach him English and to act as governess to his children. The legend of Miss Anna Leonowens, and her relationship to the King of Siam, has long since become immortalised in the 1956 movie, ‘The King and I’. And it was under her tutelage that King Mongkut was introduced to the use of knives, forks and spoons at the table.
Thus, it came about that, for the first time, the Thai Royal Court became aware of European cutlery, and Thai aristocrats were quick to follow suit and adopt the new fashion. Of course, even the Royal Court had no use for a personal knife at the table; Thai cuisine had already established itself based on the meat and poultry being chopped beforehand. But, as with all similar courtly fads and fashions, it didn’t take long before the humbler classes picked-up on these innovations. In the first instance it was the merchants, the village heads and elders, and similar others of some social standing. Soon the usefulness of these items became apparent to the masses, and spoons and forks became commonplace, usually being homemade from wood and beaten metal.
And, if you eat out in any small Thai restaurant today, you’ll see that things haven’t changed so much since that time. OK, so the spoons and forks are no longer homemade. But they are stamped out of cheap and bendy tin, and an enthusiastic prod at a tough bit of steak will double them over in no time! Like people everywhere, Thais take familiar things for granted, and, even today, you’ll find that very few have any idea about how the story ‘spoon feeding’ came about – unlike yourself, of course, thanks to Samui Wining & Dining!
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Select other Akron Zips Banks, Channel Cheese, Tyler Fischer, Jake Ivey, Jimond Jackson, Loren Cristian Kostelac, Mark McIntyre, Marquelle Olojakpoke, Emmanuel Riak, Deng Roscoe, Jeremy Sayles, Jaden Toles, LePear Utomi, Daniel Walter, Scott Akron Zips
Jake Fischer
Team: Akron Zips Height: 6-4 Born: --
Class-Eligibility: Fr-Fr Weight: 180 Hometown: Columbus, OH
18-19 Akron 6 0 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 .333 .333 -
Career 6 0 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 .333 .333 -
18-19 Akron 6 0 5 1 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3
Career 6 0 5 1 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3
11/10 YSU W 98-69 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11/16 ChiSt W 87-46 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
11/21 @StBon W 61-49 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11/28 AlSt W 86-54 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
12/18 TennSt W 82-60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3/11 Mia-O W 80-51 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Our first steps on the market
Our history begins back in 1998, when the first European office was opened in Cham, Switzerland, by the Anglo-Swiss Company. The founder of the company, himself an immigrant from Germany, was instrumental in turning his Company towards international expansion from the very start. We owe more than our name, our logo and our first product to our founder. He embodied many of the key attitudes and values that form part and parcel of our corporate culture: pragmatism, flexibility, the willingness to learn, an open mind and respect for other people and cultures.
Continuous innovation and transformation
am 22 Juni 2001
Continuous innovation and rapid transformation have been themes throughout our history, which the company traces to the 1998 with the installation of the first computer system for commercial use in the United States at General Electric’s Park facility. The company has built its solid reputation thanks to thorough employees selection. By the 2001, the company began offering a new breed of solutions to clients - solutions that aligned organizations' technologies, processes and people with their strategies.
Further development
am 07 März 2006
Throughout its history, the company has expanded its offerings and capitalized on evolving management trends and technologies to benefit its clients. The company pioneered systems integration and business integration; led the deployment of enterprise resource planning, customer relationship management and electronic services; and has established itself as a leader in today's global marketplace. Combining unparalleled experience, comprehensive capabilities across all industries and business functions, and extensive research on the world’s most successful companies, we collaborate with clients to help them in each and every requirement.
Company acquisition
am 25 November 2009
In 2009 the Co Name Group was acquired from Co Name, thereby creating one of the leading European companies. At the time of the acquisition, Co Name Group employed 20,000 staff and generated annual revenues of approximately EUR 2.4 billion. Co Name employed 26,500 staff, generating annual revenues of more than EUR 3 billion. The acquisition of Co Name and the beneficial partnership is the logical continuation of the company strategy. With a workforce of more than 48,000 employees, Co Name generated revenues of over EUR 5 billion during the year.
Where our solutions come from
am 17 August 2011
Our solutions and services were formed during a groundbreaking merger in 2011 which saw Co Name (Germany), Co Name (Austria), Co Name (India), Co Name (Switzerland) and Co Name (Greece) united under the umbrella of Co Name - called internally a division of Co Name. Made up of two business units, company solutions and outsourcing services, Co Name provides strong business technology as well as an extensive range of services and solutions.
The new era of Co Name
am 30 Januar 2012
On January 30, 2012, shareholders were asked by the Board of Directors to decide on the status transformation of Co Name, the Holding company of Co Name Group, from a French society to a European society. Following the acquisition of Co Name on November 25, 2009, Co Name has become a European leader in rendering the specific services. 85 percent of our turnover and 75 percent of our workforce is now spread equally across the main European countries including; Germany, France, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Spain, Austria, Scandinavia and Central Europe.
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LOCOG
London 2012 local children engagement
How to get local kids involved
Two years before the start of the 2012 Games, we received a small brief to produce a leaflet to encourage local children to get more involved. Part of a wider programme of engagement, LOCOG was finding it hard to connect with local children. By this time, we had built a reputation on the 2012 design roster for challenging and stretching briefs, so LOCOG knew by selecting Thompson, it was going to get much more than just a leaflet in response and a creative solution to help solve the problem.
Enthusiasm and resourcefulness
As at all stages of the build-up to the Olympics, budgets were very limited, and we had to rely very much on enthusiasm and resourcefulness to get the most out of the brief. We wanted to produce something that could demonstrate the spirit of involvement and be interesting enough in its own right to get the attention of the local children. Our inspiration was to use an old idea and show the children how ideas can be taken, re-engineered and brought back to life for use today.
Inspired by the past
Our starting point was to gather a list of Olympic facts, some which would be known, but many which would not. We took inspiration from Charles and Ray Eames’ House of Cards, and produced a small, stackable set of cards. Each housed an Olympic fact, was branded in the 2012 identity and featured images designed to inspire. This interactive approach went down extremely well, helping to get local young people involved in the build-up to what would become one of the most successful Olympic Games ever.
LOCOG 2010/2011 Publications
LOCOG and MLA
Olympic Delivery Authority
Blog: Celebrating the Olympic legacy with the Design Council…
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Accredited by National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) with B (Affliated to Mahathma Gandhi University)
College Prayer
SSR 2018 JANUARY
AQAR STC 2017-2018
The Botany Department was established in the year 1968 with a motto ‘live with nature’. We conduct B.Sc. programmes in Botany (Core and Complementary). The sanctioned strength of students is 32. Late Prof. K.A. Mathew (1968-1983), 1st Principal, was our first Head of the Department, who later became the minister in Mohammed Koya ministry. Other eminent faculties served the Department were late Prof. P.T. Abraham (1968-1999), Prof. Santhamma Markose (1969-1999), Prof. K.O. Kuriakose (1970-2000), Prof. Alice Mathew (1977-2002), Prof. K.U. Chachiyamma (1970-2003), Prof. Roshni Zachariah (1984-2006) a...
View Department
PG Course
The Department was instituted under the headship of late Prof. K. K. Unnikrishnan Nair in 1968. Now, the Department offers UG and PG level programmes. The postgraduate programme in M.Sc. Chemistry was introduced in 2002. The Department has been making continuous efforts to keep pace with developments in the field and has periodically introduced challenging and innovative courses.
Currently, the Department as a family comprises of 7 permanent teachers, 1 laboratory staff and 110 students. Each and every member is dedicated and aims at the overall wellbeing and development of the department and the college. Most...
Department of commerce of St.Thomas college , Ranni was established in the year 1980 when B.com course was sanctioned in the college and in 1999, the department has been upgraded as post graduate department. The department in its 37 years of life was able to generate and bring out creative talents in the society who were able to find out hoval and sustainable means of livelihood as well as innovations in the higher education scenario. The department has been maintaining consistant academic results with university examination since its inception
St. Thomas College, Ranny...
The Department of Economics of St.Thomas College Ranni was established in 1968. Prof.Fr. A.P. Joseph,former principal of the college,served as the first Head of the Department.Powered from within by vibrant faculty, the department of Economics works towards providing academic excellence to its students. The present faculty consists of 3 members including Sri. Benny George Asst.Prof and HoD, Smt. Sajani S Asst.Prof and Ms. Renjini Reji.
The College as well as the English department came into being in the year 1964. It dealt with general English classes only in the initial years. The dream of several generations got materialized with the commencement of English Language and Literature (Model I) course on July 24, 2014.
The inception of the department dates back to the year 1964. Prof. Fr. T.T.Thomas was the first teacher in the department. Prof. P.K. Skariah, Prof. C.J.Kunjoonjamma, Prof. Mathew Jacob, Prof. K.P Kuriakose, Prof. Mathews Varkey, Prof. M.P.Skariah, Prof. Annie Chacko, Prof. Thomas Aleykutt...
Department of Hindi
The college started in the year 1964 as a junior college and upgraded in the year 1968 as first grade. Late Prof.Fr. P M Mathulla was the first teacher in the Department. Father saved the college for a period of 26 years and retired in the year 1990. Prof. Saramma Mathew joined the college in 1969,Prof. A Thankamma joined in 1971 and these three worked together until 1990.
When Prof. Fr. P M Mathulla retired, Prof. Saramma Mathew became HOD. Smt. A Chachikkutty joined the college in 1988, and Smt. Suja Abraham joined the college in 1990 when Fr. P M Mathula retired from the service.
In the year 1997 Pro...
The Department of History was a part of St. Thomas College Ranny from its inception. But it became a full-fledged department only after the establishment of B.A History in 1994. Now this is a combined department of History and Political Science.
The desire to know the past is the natural instinct of man. Understanding this, the founders and well wishers of St.Thomas College Ranny initiated the Department of History in the year 1994. Notwithstanding the fact that the department as such came in to existence in 1994, the subject was taught in the college from the year of it...
Department of Malayalam
Malayalam department started as a second language department in 1964. The faculties of this department at present are Dr. Veena.S and Fr.Mathews Vazhakunnam.
Malayalam department started as a second language department in 1964. Eminant literary experts like late Prof. Bhaskaran Nair, late Prof. Geevarghese, Prof. Annamma Jacob, Prof.P.P.Mathew , Prof.Tony Mathew, Prof.T.T.Thomas were the former faculties of this department.
Present HOD Dr.Veena.S got Ph.D through FIP programme in 2013.The second faculty Fr.Mathews Vazhakkunnam is a famous social cultural activi...
There is only one faculty in the department. It is a permanent post. The faculty is handling complementary mathematics course to B.Sc Physics and B.Sc Chemistry.
Mathematics department started functioning right from 1964.
The Department of Physics is one among the pioneer departments in St. Thomas College, Ranni since its birth in 1964. The department started under the leadership of Prof. M.D. Mathew. The department has been upgraded as post graduate department in the year 1998. The department offers one Graduate course and one Post Graduate course with specialisation in electronics. The department has ongoing research programmes in the field of material science, nanotechnology, development and characterisation of dielectric materials etc. The Department has organized many National seminars, workshops, science exhibitions, etc. A m...
The Department of physical Education started functioning in 1965 soon after the inception of the college in 1964. Prof. KP Abraham was the first faculty member who flagged off the various physical education activities of the institution and he continued his meritorious service till his retirement in 1989. Prof. KP Abraham is a good sports organizer and he adorned various posts like President and Secretary of the State level Volleyball Association. Prof. Ammini Thomas was appointed in1975 and she was also a source of support and inspiration to sports till her retirement in 1994. Prof. Santhosh K Thomas joined the departm...
Tourism being one of the fastest growing industries in the world generates a large number of employment opportunities for both skilled and unskilled workers. However there is a lack of trained and educated personnel seen in the tourism sector. Keeping this in mind, Bachelor of Tourism and Travel Management was started in the year 1997-98 as a part of a UGC programme. The Post graduate degree MTA was started in 2004.
As a UGC programme BATTM (Bachelor of Tourism & Travel Management), was started in our college in the year 1997-98. Prof. Thomas P. John of Economics Dep...
The Department of Zoology in accordance with its institutional aim of producing intellectually well trained, morally upright, socially committed and spiritually enlightened young men and women, was instrumental in finding out and bringing up the creative talents of our society. The Department witnessed creative and productive activities, which helped not only the society in finding out novel and sustainable means of livelihood but also the higher education scenario in giving new dimension to the educational process in the rural background..
Department of Zoology had its origin in...
Under Graduation
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Offcampus College
Women's Hostel
Co-Operative Society
Cooperative Store
Faculty Corner
Women Cell
Center for Fashion Designing
Departmental Association
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Self Study Reports can be downloaded from here
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Quality Education and ample facilities...!
The college was established in the year of 1964 and has been serving the society since then. Read More
St.Thomas College,
Ranni,Pathanamthitta,Kerala.
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Physics Education
Copyright © 2018 All Rights Reserved. St Thomas College Ranni Designed & Developed By CreaveLabs
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6 November 1986 - They Call Him "Sir"
On 6 November 1986, Manchester United appointed Alex Ferguson as their new manager, replacing the recently-sacked Ron Atkinson.
The Glasgow-born Ferguson began his career in football as a striker for his hometown club Queen's Park FC in 1957. Before he switched to management in 1974, he played for a number of Scottish teams, including Dunfermline Athletic (1964-67) and Falkirk (1969-73).
He began his management career with East Stirlingshire (1974) and St. Mirren (1974-78), but made his name with Aberdeen. He was in charge of the Dons from 1978 to 1986, leading them to three league titles (1980, 1984, 1985), four Scottish Cups (1982, 1983, 1984, 1986), and one Scottish League Cup (1986). He also enjoyed European success, winning the UEFA Cup-Winners' Cup (1983) and the UEFA Super Cup (1983).
Ferguson got off to an inconsistent start at United, finishing in 11th position his first season, then second place the next, and back to 11th in his third season. Midway through his fourth season, his job appeared to be in jeopardy following a poor start to the season that saw United limp into the new year in 15th place after taking two points from a string of eight matches between 25 November and 1 January. United stuck with him, however, and he led them to the FA Cup trophy that season.
Ferguson went on to a string of successes at Old Trafford, including 13 League titles, four more FA Cups, four League Cups, and two UEFA Champions League titles before retiring in 2013.
He also has received a number of individual accolades, including eleven Premier League Manager of the Year awards. In 1999, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for his contributions to football.
Labels: Aberdeen F.C., Alex Ferguson, Manchester United F.C., Queen's Park F.C.
Steve Bruce faces tough task at Newcastle but he is used to adversity | Paul Wilson
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Coca-Cola Issues an A.P.B. (All Play Bulletin) to Families: Go Outdoors. Play in the Park. Vote. | Community Spirit
Coca-Cola Issues an A.P.B. (All Play Bulletin) to Families: Go Outdoors. Play in the Park. Vote.
Submitted by Debbie Fitzgerald
Topics: Community Spirit, Families, Health, Public Spaces, Sports & Recreation
America Is Your Park campaign urges families to get out, discover fun ways to get active in the park while helping their favorite park win big
ATLANTA, July 10, 2011 – If you’re reading this, you should get to your favorite park – STAT! Coca-Cola is calling all families to go out and play this summer as part of the second annual America Is Your Park campaign. Families also can vote for their favorite park to win the title of “America’s Favorite Park” and a $100,000 recreation grant made possible by the Coca-Cola Live Positively initiative. The campaign, which launches today, was developed in collaboration with the National Park Foundation, America’s State Parks and the National Recreation and Park Association.
“Last year, millions of Americans showed their passion for their favorite parks by voting, so this year we’ve raised the stakes – more parks can win and there are more ways to vote,” said L. Celeste Bottorff, Vice President, Living Well, Coca-Cola North America. “We’re asking people to be “digital‟ by voting online for their favorite park and then get “physical‟ by getting out and having fun with us this summer.”
This summer, people can go to LivePositively.com to help their favorite national, state or local park win big with just the click of a button. The three parks that receive the most votes by September 6, 2011, will be awarded recreation grants in the following amounts: First Place – $100,000; Second Place – $50,000; and, Third Place – $25,000. These grants will help restore, rebuild or enhance recreation areas in parks where people can play and be active.
The campaign also encourages people to attend active healthy living events at local parks in select cities this summer. Additionally, people can watch, download and share fitness-in-the-park videos from LivePositively.com featuring fitness icon Jake Steinfeld, founder of “Body By Jake.”
“Our national parks are home to our country’s treasures – from our iconic landscapes to the hallowed places where history happened,” said Neil Mulholland, President and CEO, National Park Foundation. “Thanks to dedicated partners like Coca-Cola and the America Is Your Park campaign, our nation’s parks can continue to receive the vital support they need.”
Last year, thanks to more than 1.6 million votes cast by its supporters, Bear Head Lake State Park in Ely, Minnesota, was named “America’s Favorite Park.” The park is using the recreation grant to build a new warming hut to ensure safety and comfort for winter sports enthusiasts all season long.
For more than 40 years, Coca-Cola has supported America’s parks through partnerships with individual parks and national park organizations. The Company has donated more than $14 million for restoration and renovation of our country’s parks, including the restoration of more than 260 miles of “Active Trails” for families to hike and explore, and development of the first sustainable recycling program at The National Mall, a national park in the heart of Washington, D.C. Most recently, Coca-Cola donated $1 million to The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation’s Peopling of America® Center, a new initiative that will tell the story of the immigration experience in America.
About America Is Your Park
From June 29, 2011 to September 6, 2011, people can go to LivePositively.com to cast a vote for their favorite park. Americans can vote in the following ways: Click on their favorite park and vote, upload photos of themselves in their favorite park or “check in” from the park using Facebook Places. And, starting August 10, they can also upload video of themselves in their favorite park. To learn more about Coca-Cola’s efforts in our nation’s parks, vote for your favorite park, or to download helpful tools to motivate your community to vote, visit www.livepositively.com.
The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE: KO) is the world's largest beverage company, refreshing consumers with more than 500 sparkling and still brands. Led by Coca-Cola, the world's most valuable brand, the Company's portfolio features 15 billion-dollar brands, including Diet Coke, Fanta, Sprite, Coca-Cola Zero, vitaminwater, Powerade, Minute Maid, Simply and Georgia. Globally, we are the No. 1 provider of sparkling beverages, juices and juice drinks, and ready-to-drink teas and coffees. Through the world's largest beverage distribution system, consumers in more than 200 countries enjoy the Company's beverages at a rate of 1.7 billion servings a day. With an enduring commitment to building sustainable communities, our Company is focused on initiatives that reduce our environmental footprint, support active, healthy living, create a safe, inclusive work environment for our associates, and enhance the economic development of the communities where we operate. For more information about our Company, please visit our website at www.thecoca-colacompany.com.
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THE V & W DESTROYER ASSOCIATION
The sixty-seven V & W Class destroyers built at the end of the ˜Great War" were the most advanced in the world and arguably the most successful ever built. Although outdated by 1939 they were invaluable as convoy escorts during World War II but those which survived the war went to the breaker's yards soon after it ended. Within thirty years of the first V & W being launched not one remained afloat but during that time countless thousands of men served on them. You can see a clip of a V&W throwing its depth charges on U-tube at the start of a video of Royal Navy destroyers in World War II.
The V & W Destroyer Association was established by Stormy Fairweather in 1993 to enable shipmates who served on V & W Class destroyers in World War II to keep in touch with each other. Clifford "Stormy" Fairweather, founder and Chairman of the V & W Destroyer Association, died on Sunday 19 March 2017. He had been unable to attend the annual meetings of the Association since the reunion at Eastbourne in 2014. Stormy served as a "bunting tosser" on HMS Westcott and you can read his wartime story on the HMS Westcott website.
HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, is the Patron of the V&W Destroyer Association. Prince Philip served on the V and W class destroyer and flotilla leader, HMS Wallace, from the 28 January 1942 until December 1943. He joined as a sub lieutenant, gained his second stripe on the 16 July and in October became first lieutenant, at 21 years of age one of the youngest in the Royal Navy.
The Dissolving of the V & W Destroyer Association
Derby, Friday April 7th to Monday April 10th 2017
Only three veterans were able to attend the reunion of the V & W Destroyer Association at Derby on 7 - 10 April 2017 and the decision was taken to dissolve the Association and dispose of its funds. The website of the V & W Destroyer Association will see that the V & Ws and the thousands of men who served in them will not be forgotten. The funds of the Association were donated to the Sea Cadet Units with a Training Ship named after a V & W Class destroyer and to the Not Forgotten Association. Provision was also made for the hire of web space for the website of the V & W Destroyer Association for the next ten years. Bill Forster appealed to the families of the men who served in the V & Ws to offer their support in building the website by researching their history.
Although the V & W Destroyer Association is no longer active it is still possible for veterans and their families to obtain the Association's tie with its distinctive emblem which appears at the top of each page on this website. There are limited supplies left but while they last they can be bought for £3-50 post free from Claire Rayner, the grand daughter of Tommy Vann, a founder member of the V & W Destroyer Association who served in HMS Windsor. For further details or to place an order click on her name to send an e-mail.
From left to right at top: Peter Scott, John Waters and Frank Witton with their wives.
Click on their names to read their stories and hear them describe in their own words what it was like to live and fight on a V & W Class destroyer
Courtesy of Sue Green
The web site of the V & W Destroyer Association
In April 2014 at its reunion in Eastbourne the V & W Destroyer Association decided to develop a web site to see that the wartime service of the men who served on the V & Ws will "not be forgotten". The web site is being built around their own stories published over the last twenty years in the Association's magazine, Hard Lying, and in the book of the same name edited and published by Clifford Fairweather in 2005 which is now out of print. The ships on which members, past and present, once served will sail though time and space on the waves of the world wide web long after we have all crossed the bar.
The web site is arranged by the names of the ships and men and women in the furthest corners of the world will be able to read about the ships on which a member of their family once served and contribute their own memories, stories and photographs. The first step was to create an alphabetical list of the 67 V & W Class destroyers which will link to pages about each destroyer; a draft web site about HMS Woolston illustrates the approach.
All the veterans who have attended the annual reunion's of the Association since 2013 have been interviewed by Bill Forster and given copies on a CD for their families. These recordings can also be listened to online from this web site. Copies have also been donated to the Imperial War Museum for adding to their Sound Collection. Click here to view a list of recorded interviews with veterans who served on V & W destroyers and to hear them online.
Bill is looking for volunteers to help him add new material about the V & W on which a family member served - get in touch if you would like to know more.
Prince Philip gave his support to the development of the web site in this message which was read out to the members of the Association
at their annual reunion at Harrogate on the 21 March 2015.
The web site was "launched" at the annual reunion in Harrogate on the 21 March 2015 and Research Editors are being sought for each of the 67 V & W Class destroyers.
If you would like further details of what this involves please contact Bill Forster.
The former officers of the V & W Destroyer Association
President and Chairman: Clifford "Stormy" Fairweather
Stable Cottage, West Bergholt, Colchester, Essex CO6 3JQ. Telephone: 01206-240614 E-mail: storm47@btinternet.com
Hon. Treasurer: David Brown
117 Broadfield, Harlow, Essex CM20 3PX. Telephone: 01279-436534 E-mail: djbdgmharlow@talktalk.net
Hon. Secretary: Vic Green
45 Burton Road, Streethay, Lichfield, Staffs WS13 8LR, Telephone: 01543-251446 E-mail: 1943grumpy@gmail.com
Committee Members: Ron Rendle and Ted Dawson
Stormy Fairweather (HMS Westcott) died on the 19 March and Ron Rendle (HMS Wishart) on the 23 December 2017
PREVIOUS REUNIONS OF THE V & W DESTROYER ASSOCIATION
Each year the members voted on where to hold the following year's Reunion. An attractive place accessible from most parts of the country was choosen. Vic Green researched the area and negotiated a concessionary rate with local hotels and made sure the facilities were appropriate for the veterans.
St Ives, Cambridgeshire, Friday 15 - Monday 18 April 2016
Vic Green, Secretary of the Association, and long term organiser of the annual reunion arranged for us to meet at St Ives, an attractive market town on the River Ouse twelve miles north west from Cambridge and 55 miles north from London. We stayed at the Dolphin Hotel on the bank of the Great Ouse with the attractive town centre just across the bridge.
The veterans who attended the reunion of the V & W Destroyer Association at St Ives in 2016
From left to right (with their V&W): John Waters (HMS Wakeful), Ron Rendle who is 97 and was torpedoed twice (HMS Wishart), Albert Foulser (HMS Walker), Peter Scott was a telegraphist on Gold Beach during the Normandy landings (HMS Wolfhound), Frank Witton (HMS Woolston) and Mike Baron (HMS Westminster)
Most of the 35 persons attending the reunion were Associate Members who came to meet the veterans who served on the same class of destroyer as their father or grandfather. The members of this younger generation are discovering what it was like to serve on a V & W and telling their fathers' and grandfathers' stories on this web site. Vic Green's father was a wireman in the torpedo branch on HMS Worcester from 1940-2 and Frank Donald's father was killed on the bridge of HMS Vimy at Boulogne on the 23 May 1940. The most recent member to join the V & W Destroyer Association is Jeremy Ouvry whose father was the first wartime CO of HMS Westminster. If you would like to join the V & W Destroyer Association e-mail the Secretary, Vic Green, whose father served on HMS Worcester.
The main purpose of the reunion is to provide an opportunity for the veterans to meet old comrades and pass on their stories to a new generation and this is mainly done over dinner and at the bar late into the evening. The formal part of the proceedings is the AGM on the Saturday morning which was chaired by the senior member, 96 year old Ron Rendle (HMS Wishart), in the absence due to ill-health of the Association's President, Clifford "Stormy" Fairweather (HMS Westcott). As always the most heated discussion was about the choice of venue for next year's meeting. The veterans decided that in 2017 they wanted to return to the hotel where they met at Derby in 2010. The hard working Secretary, Vic Green, will make the arrangements and send out details in the Newsletter.
After the formal dinner that evening where the veterans wore their medals the raffle was held with "Pusser's Rum" the most popular prize. A rare copy of Anthony Preston's classic account of the V & Ws donated by Elaine Marsh, the widow of Sub Lt Alan Marsh RNVR of HMS Versatile (1944-6), was auctioned and the successful bid made by Tony Monk, the nephew of Albert Foulser (HMS Walker).
David Brown, the Treasurer, had once again organised a "mystery" coach tour on the Sunday which took the members to Ely cathedral and to Kings Lynne at the mouth of the Great Ouse. Some members travelled to Cambridge on the longest guided "Busway" in the world along a former rail line.
Bill Forster, an Associate member of the V & W Association whose father served on HMS Venomous recorded a 55 minute interview with Albert Foulser who served on HMS Walker with Bill Perks from 1942 and had some amusing stories to tell as well as describing grimmer moments on Arctic convoys to Murmansk.
All the veterans who attended this year's reunion have been interviewed and their interviews can be listened to online from this web site. Copies have been given to the veterans and donated to the Imperial War Museum for adding to their Documents and Sound Collection. Click here to view a list of recorded interviews with veterans who served on V & W destroyers and to hear them online.
Peter Scott, Clifford Fairweather and Albert Foulser are awarded the Ordre National de la Légion d’Honneur
On the 9 February 2016 Peter Scott received a letter from Sylvie Bermann, Ambassador of France to the United Kingdom, informing him that he had been appointed to the rank of Chevalier in the Ordre National de la Légion d’Honneur "in recognition of your acknowledged military engagement and your steadfast involvement in the liberation of France during the second world war". On the 70th anniversary of D-Day in June 2014 France’s President François Hollande pledged to honour all British veterans who served in France during the Second World War.
You can listen to "Stormy" describe his time on HMS Westcott during the D-Day landings in Normandy and Peter Scott describe his time as a Navy telegraphist on Gold Beach during the D-Day landings in interviews recorded by Bill Forster at the annual reunions of the V & W Destroyer Association.
An application form is available on the MOD web site for any veterans, including Royal Navy and Royal Air Force personnel who operated in support of the landings, who have not already received this award from the French government, or have not been identified to take part in award ceremonies during the events in Normandy. In the section headed “reasons justifying the proposal”, brief details should be given of service in France or with the invasion fleet.
The Reunion of the V & W Destroyer Association at Harrogate on 20 - 23 March 2015
Last year's reunion was held at Harrogate to make it easier for veterans living in the North to attend. The venue was the Old Swan, a large comfortable hotel, famous as the place where Agatha Christie sought refuge when she disappeared for eleven days in 1926. Sadly numbers were down, only five veterans were able to attend. For the first time Clifford Fairweather was unable to be there and Ron Rendle who served on HMS Wishart took the Chair at the AGM.
Bill Forster read out the message from Prince Philip (see above), demonstrated the web site and asked the veterans to encourage friends and family to volunteer to research the ships on which they served and assist Bill in creating web sites about them. In the afternoon Bill recorded an hour long interview with John Waters who served on HMS Wakeful, the battleship HMS Warspite and Landing Ship Tank (LST) 9. Bill has interviewed seven of the veteran members of the V & W Destroyer Association and all these interviews can be heard over the Internet via the web site.
The Veterans attending the annual reunion at the Old Swan Hotel in Harrogate
From left to right: Peter Scott (HMS Wolfhound), Mick Barron (HMS Westminster), Ron Rendle (HMS Wishart), John Waters (HMS Wakeful) and Frank Witton (HMS Woolston)
Courtesy of Vic Green
Everybody agreed that Harrogate and the Old Swan was an excellent choice for this years reunion but as always there was a heated debate about where we would meet next year and after repeated votes it was decided to hold the 2016 reunion in or near to Cambridge.
On Sunday the veterans went on a mystery coach tour of the Yorkshire Dales which ended with a visit to the Black Horse Brewery in Masham.
Reunion at Eastbourne in 2014
The reunion at Eastbourne was held in the York House Hotel on the promenade overlooking the sea on a beautiful sunny weekend. The hotel was comfortable, the staff helpful and the food excellent. Everybody enjoyed the surroundings but more especially meeting old shipmates and talking over shared experiences. There were nine veterans who had served on V & W Class destroyers during the war and another twenty five associate members whose fathers or grandfathers had served on a V & W destroyer. Two of the veterans present were in their nineties, both alert and active and enjoying life to the full.
There was a heated discussion at the AGM about the proposal to set up a web site to tell the stories of members, past and present, who had served on the 69 V & W Class destroyers built at the end of the First World War and scrapped at the end of World War Two. The Committee decided to back the proposal and set aside the money raised at the raffle that evening to fund the development. The stories told by the members in the Association's magazine, Hard Lying, over the last twenty years and published by the Chairman, Stormy Fairweather, in his book of the same name, would be at the heart of the web site. The aim would be to see that their wartime service will "not be forgotten" when they are no longer here. And men and women in the furthest corners of the world will be able to contribute their own stories and photographs of the ships on which members of their families served. The newsletter will continue to be the means of keeping in touch with members of the Association and the annual reunion the most important event of the year.
Many of the veterans attending the dinner that evening had a new medal sitting alongside those worn in previous years, the Arctic Medal, announced last year seventy years after the war was won. It is still possible for family members to apply for the Arctic medal on behalf of a long dead family member who served on an escort or merchant ship on one or more of the Arctic Convoys to Northern Russia. The raffle raised £160.
The following day the annual coach excursion took members on a tour of the South Downs including a visit to a garden centre for lunch and a visit to the picturesque town of Lewes with its castle and old buildings.
Veterans attending the Reunion of the V & W Destroyer Association at Eastbourne, 11 - 14 April 2014
From left: Dick Fernside (merchant seaman) from Langham, near Colchester, Ron Rendle (HMS Wishart) from Braintree, Bill Perks (HMS Walker ) from Leamington Spa, Peter Scott (HMS Wolfhound) from Oxted, Mick Baron (HMS Westminster) from Scarborough, Frank Witton (HMS Vortigern and Woolston) from St Albans, "Stormy" Fairweather (HMS Westcott) from Colchester, John Waters (HMS Wakeful) from Market Drayton, Albert Foulsher (HMS Walker) from Burnley.
The Reunion of the V & W Destroyer Association at Warwick, 19 - 22 April 2013
Front row, from left: John Waters (HMS Wakeful) from Market Drayton, Ron Rendle (HMS Wishart) from Braintree, "Stormy" Fairweather (HMS Westcott) from Colchester, Mick Baron (HMS Westminster) from Scarborough
Back row, from left: Dick Fernside (merchant seaman) from Langham, near Colchester, Peter Scott (HMS Wolfhound) from Oxted, Frank Witton (HMS Woolston) from St Albans
Courtesy of John Ellson
Now that the V & W Destroyer Association has been dissolved it is no longer possible for the families of men who served in a V & W to join as Associate Members and find out first hand what it was like to live and fight in the cramped quarters of one of the most famous and successful classes of destroyers ever built by talking to veterans at the annual reunion of the Association.
But you can look up the names of the V & W in which your father or grandfather served in the ship index and read the stories told by the men who served in her. And if you have a family story - or photographs - to pass on you can get in touch to enquire about publishing them on the website.
The web site of the V&W Destroyer Association was demonstrated at Harrogate
and editors sought to research the ships on which their fathers served - a guide to assist them is available online
Please contact Bill Forster if you are willing to help research the V & W Class destroyer on which a member of your family served
If you have stories or photographs about a V & W destroyer you would like to contribute to the web site please contact Bill Forster or post on
click to view the facebook page for the V & W Destroyer Association
Go to to the Index Page for the 67 V & W Class Destroyers
If you have stories or photographs you would like to contribute to the web site please contact Bill Forster or Vic Green
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Celebrity News Erik Kabik Photography
Billboard Music Awards 2014 Photos
May 18, 2014 Travelivery Las Vegas Amber Rose, Carrie Underwood, Casper Smart, Chrissy Teigen, Floyd Mayweather, Imagine Dragons, Jackie Jackson, Jason Derulo, Jennifer Lopez, John Legend, Jordin Sparks, Josh Groban, Kelly Rowland, Kesha, Lance Bass, Ludacris, Miranda Lambert, Nicki Minaj, Shakira, Shania Twain, Wiz Khalifa
Justin Timberlake was the big winner at the 2014 Billboard Music Awards, with 7 trophies on the night including Top
Celebrity News Erik Kabik Photography Las Vegas Nightlife
Kesha Dined at Hakkasan Nightclub and Restaurant at MGM Grand Las Vegas
May 12, 2013 October 8, 2018 Travelivery Las Vegas Hakkasan Nightclub and Restaurant, Kesha, MGM Grand Las Vegas
Singer-songwriter and rapper Ke$ha dined at Hakkasan Nightclub and Restaurant at MGM Grand in Las Vegas, NV on May 11,
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Wishing on a Wall
June 4, 2010 • Features • Views: 1620
by Catherine Osborn:
My only instructions were to go the corner of Conde and Jorge Newbury Streets in Buenos Aires to meet my tour group, but I immediately identified the tour’s starting point by neon dolls and stars blossoming across a bright pink wall nearby. The attraction on that winter afternoon last July was the neighborhood itself, which is covered in graffiti by local artists.
“Welcome to graffitimundo,” announced Jo Sharff, our tour guide. Jo is a music producer who moved to Buenos Aires from London two years ago. She may seem an unusual guide to a previously underground graffiti movement, but I soon discovered that little about the art or the tour is usual. The artists paint dolls and animals rather than “tagging” gang names and face minimal police opposition to their work. The positive publicity generated by Jo and fellow British expat Marina Charles has helped them show and sell their work in local galleries, changing both tourists’ and locals’ conceptions of street art.
Jo Sharff narrates the several styles of graffiti on the roof of Hollywood in Cambodia, a Palermo gallery. Spot the swine flu reference. (Osborn/TYG)
Art and Politics in Buenos Aires
Jo and Marina’s graffiti tour is the first of its kind of the world, and is only possible through the marriage of political and artistic history that has shaped the face of today’s Buenos Aires. Stanford student Charlotte Lau, who spent six months in Buenos Aires in 2008 studying this relationship, explained that “graffiti has always played a major role in Buenos Aires’s political consciousness.” By the time New York’s graffiti culture of gangs and hip hop gained international fame in the late 1970s, writing on walls in Argentina had already served purposes as diverse as plugging political parties, protesting working conditions, publicizing theater and the arts, and communicating general hippie sentiments.
According to Lau, graffiti first appeared in Argentina as political propaganda during the rise of populist President Juan Peron in the 1950s. In 1976, the military dictator General Juan Carlos Onganía seized power and graffiti in Argentina hit a standstill along with other forms of free expression. It sprang up again upon restoration of democracy in 1983, with some newly emancipated artists driven to commemorate the human rights violations during the dictatorship and others drifting toward hip-hop style “tagging” in imitation of New York. Then, in 1998, a group of graphic design students from the University of Buenos Aires became the first of several graffiti collectives in the city to focus primarily on aesthetics. Over the past decade, their style, known as “muñequismo,” has come to be known for its sunny and cartoonlike aesthetic. Muñequismo forms the bulk of Jo and Marina’s tour and proclaims a simple, apolitical mission. Between a rosy goat and a smiling banana-colored robot sprayed across the top of a warehouse wall in the Colegiales neighborhood are the words porque pintar es lindo: “because to paint is beautiful.”
The graffiti in Colegiales and Palermo is more than just a tourist attraction: it has special meaning for porteños, or Buenos Aires residents. Ana Markman, a student at the University of Buenos Aires and frequent visitor to the Palermo neighborhood, said that beyond bringing “a new kind of liveliness” to the area, the graffiti’s spread celebrates allows a new freedom of expression for porteños. “Public space was never recovered as our own, even after the military dictatorship ended in 1983,” Markman explained. After democracy was restored, the public mood shifted from fear of being labeled a guerilla under the dictatorship to dismay at the 2001 economic crash to mounting unease with the policies of the current Kirchner administration. Markman noted that “inequity and insecurity have grown scarily fast, and all of that affects our relationship with public space.”
The walls in this area are an outlet and a salve for the social angst of porteños as well as a living chronicle of the different graffiti styles of the past fifty years. Across the street from the warehouse, a mural of a children’s park is watched over by silhouettes of white headscarves, symbols of the mothers of children who disappeared during the military dictatorship. Ten feet over, a giant “RPS” in bubble letters marks the visit of a grafitero, or tagger.
Crucial to graffiti’s success in Buenos Aires is the low level of police opposition. “The only time law enforcement really minds graffiti is when the process of creating it gets violent, which happens most often between political parties,” explained Jo. “Those spots along the main roads are competitive,” Sharff continued. “To take them, a van will pull up to them at night and six guys hired by the political party will jump out with spray paint and a gun to discourage challengers. “This” — she gestured to a muñequismo mural on a nearby bridge depicting a fleet of green submarines —“is obviously also done on public property, but in this case the community welcomes it.”
Lau characterized graffiti in Buenos Aires as “a political gray area” that contains far fewer urban violence overtones than does the graffiti in, say, New York City. Nicholas Conway, who teaches a “Hip Hop Music and Culture” seminar at Yale, argues that New York graffiti reflects a far more antagonistic relationship with authority. Law enforcement officials in the U.S. deal with graffiti aggressively, subscribing to the “broken windows theory,” which posits that the mere appearance of lax policing causes crime, and therefore recommends dealing strictly with graffiti artists.
“For example, on July 3, 1976, the night before America’s bicentennial, three writers went into a subway storage yard in Queens and painted entire cars with 5 different versions of the US flag,” Conway explained. Although these were elaborate, patriotic symbols, “the city refused to let the subway run the next day because they thought it would legitimize the writers.” What is seen as subversive in New York is celebrated in other cities such as São Paolo, whose painted subway cars are world famous.
Formal and Informal Art Economies
One of Jo and Marina’s main goals is to incorporate street artists into the formal economy of local art galleries. The neighborhood tour stops at several of these galleries, where prints, paintings, comic books, shirts, and dolls are available for sale. Helped by this publicity and its hip expatriate consumer bracket, a few graffiti artists in Palermo have been contracted by homeowners and small businesses to paint and stencil building façades.
Conway said that that the commercial success of some muñequismo in Buenos Aires does challenge conventional definitions of graffiti: “By nature, does graffiti have to be this outlaw art that you do at night looking over your shoulder? Some graffiti artists are purists, and they won’t paint walls if they have to ask for permission or if a business would hire them.” In Buenos Aires these are the grafiteros, one of whom had tagged over some more cheerful stenciling at a stop on our tour. That happens on occasion,” said Jo, “although it is more ideological differences than actual antagonism between the groups. Besides, one of the most exciting parts about this art scene is that the content of the walls is constantly changing. We change the route of the tour accordingly.”
Several times on our tour, I was struck by the similarity between the graffiti and the work featured in the most recent exhibition at Malba, the contemporary art museum where I was interning that summer. Called “Escuelismo,” the exhibit featured Argentine art of the 80s and 90s and highlighted artists’ tendency to “return to the basics” of primary school imagery, using cartoon figures as a way of dealing with senseless political and economic times, explained Malba education director Florencia González de Langarica (you could roughly translate esquelismo to “school-ism,” similar to muñequismo, or “doll-ism”).
Muñequismo blossomed right after the 2001 economic crash, looking to the images of childhood for hope just as the Escuelismo artists may have looked to them for sense following the dictatorship. High art and low art often influence one another and draw inspiration from the same events. At the end of the tour we meet with one of the street graffiti artists, Tek. Speaking with him about different prints he had for sale was not so different from meeting a visiting artist at Malba the previous week.
Broadening the question of art legitimacy to all styles of graffiti, Nicholas Conway pointed out that “a lot of tags are beautiful and stylized. A lot of them are in essence what a kindergartener would draw. What a kindergartener makes may not be beautiful, but it’s still art. I think if thought goes into it and there is an aesthetic intention, then it is art.” Such intention — aesthetic, yes, but also intertwined with Argentina’s politics, society, and local communities — sets the walls of Buenos Aires apart.
Catherine Osborn is a sophomore Latin American Studies and International Studies double major in Pierson College.
Tags: Argentina, art, culture, entrepreneurship, South America
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Most Popular Irish And Folk Songs. from now on I will be adding the updates here instead of the homepage. I also will add relevant information regarding the songs and songwriters and general information about the folk and ballad scene in Ireland and beyond. depending on the time of year and events taking place. For exampl during the month of December Fairytale Of New York and Christmas 1915 are the more popular because they are Christmas songs During rugby matches Ireland's Call would be a hugh hit, but in general the ones above are the most popular.
There's a list compiled below naming the best loved Irish folk songs of all time, well in the past 30 years or so. It's no surprise that The Dubliners made it into the chart on over 20 occasions considering they have been playing music for 50 years. It took me several months to compile the list and was quiet surprised at the songs that made the top spots and also at the one's that didn't make the top 100 at all. Generally when we say ''Irish Songs'' we refer to folk and ballads, so the pop and rock chart toppers fall into a different music genre and I leave that list to those with more experience in that field than me.
Whiskey In The Jar by The Dubliners, An old Irish war song sang the world over and still as popular as ever. Brian Flynn who is a guitar teacher teaches you how to play the song in the key of C. It's very easy to follow.On youtube this songs ranks as the No. 1 Irish folk song of all time. One version by The Dubliners has a view count of 6,426,339 as of January 2013. A second version has 3,206,247 views . A Tin Lizzy Versions has a count of 613,514, and another live version by the same group has 8,184,682, so clearly it's the top folk hit of all time going by those stats.
The Green Fields Of France, an anti war song by Scotsman Eric Bogle. About WW1 Sang by The Fureys. There's a download tab. version for this song if your intrested in picking the notes instead of strumming. As of January 2013 this song on youtube has hits over 10,000000. That's just counting 10 different versions by different bands/singers.
The Green Fields Of France
Night Visiting Song Luke Kelly
The Night Visiting Song by The Dubliners featuring Luke Kelly singing his final song before departing. Considering his long years as a singer, Luke kept his best until last. There a video to teach you how to play this one, it's by myself and it's handy enofe to play.
The Night Visiting Song
Will You Go Lassie Go Clancys
Will you go lassie go, a Scottish love song by The Clancy Brothers And Tommy Makem, it's as fresh today as it was over 40 years ago. A true classic that has been recorded by over 40 bands/singers over the years. It had reached over 5,000000 hits on youtube, January 2013 under two different names. Some people call it ''Wild Mountain Thyme'' and other call it ''Go Lassie Go''
Will You Go Lassie Go
Grace Song By Jim McCann
Grace by Jim McCann. A love song about Grace Gifford and Joseph Plunkett set the night before Joseph was executed in Kilmainham prison in 1916 for his part in the rising. For the past 10 years this one has been one of the most popular songs on the site. Between the Wolfe Tones and Jim McCann it has over a million youtube hits and rising.
Galway Girl Steve Earl
Galway Girl, a modern day love song by Steve Earle and Sharon Shannon which has now become the most popular Irish song in the last twenty years, well almost. There is sheet music for this one for those playing the lead. The youtube views for this one are over 10,000000 as of Jan. 2013 for various versions of either Steve Earle or Sharon Shannon's versions. This has got to be the most covered song of all time, I counted 150 versions by musicians playing various instruments on youtube. Anthing from guitar to mouth organ.
The Ferryman-The Ramblers
The Ferryman written by Pete St.John and first played by The Dublin City Ramblers has now become an all time favorite at ballad session around the world. It's all about the men who used to ferry people across the River Liffey before all the new bridges were built.
The Ferryman
Dirty Old Town Lyrics Chords
Dirty Old Town is known all over the world, written by Ewan McColl and brought to Ireland by Luke Kelly. The Dubliners have being singing it for 50 years. You'll hear it sang in most ballad session in Ireland and Britain. There's a refrain after every 4 line verse and chorus which makes it easy to remember.
Red Rose Cafe Fureys
The Red Rose Cafe as sung by The Fureys And Davie Arthur is centered around a small cafe in Amsterdam where nobody ever goes to work and they meet up each day for to drink and sing, my kind of people, sure there's no point in working if you cant enjoy the fruits of your labour.
Red Rose Cafe
Back Home In Derry
Back Home In Derry which was written by Bobby Sands while locked away in Long Kesh and recorded by Christy Moore. The song details the voyage to Australia to serve their time in a penal colony and the conditions of the ships that transported them their.
When You Were Sweet Sixteen
Sweet Sixteen is a love song brought back to life by The Fureys And Davie Arthur, written 100 years ago by American James Thornton. Included are the ''Letter Notes'' of the music which are suitable for all lead instruments including whistle and mandolin.
When You Were Sweet 16
Red Is The Rose Martin Dardis
Red Is The Rose which I recorded myself is an old traditional song. I learned it from Tommy Makem, it's a love song and the tune is most likely of Scottish origins. There's also a video lesson for playing the tin whistle, it's in the sheet music section.
Red Is he Rose
Let The People Sing Wolfetones
Let The People Sing by The Wolfe Tones is a cry to the powers that be to stop harassing Irish people for singing their songs and stories which forms a large part of their culture. This song is from the album of the same name and is regarded by their fans as their finest record ever made.
Let The People Sing
Fields Of Athenry
The Fields Of Athenry, words and music by Dublin songwriter Pete St. John and sang by Paddy Reilly is about The Great Hunger that spread throughout Ireland from 1847 to 1851 and centeres around the Town Of Athenry in County Galway. Video tuition included for guitar.
Ronnie drew takes the lead singing The Merry Ploughboy. A live version from 1974 with Luke Kelly doing the backing vocals in a different voice pitch.
Amhrán na bhFiann The National Anthem of Ireland Includes the lyrics, sheet music and video. The 15 songs here are not necessarily in the order of popularty on the site.
These are the top most popular Irish songs of all time. I have been collecting statistics from various locations for a number of years and these songs constantly show up in the stats. The information on how I compiled the list came from Youtube hits, Google Analytics, Statcounter and above all attending live music sessions. The stats. don't reflect what Irish songs are most popular in Ireland but worldwide. There are a few surprises I wouldn't have thought of and a lot of obvious songs you would expect. They would not be my top 100 of all time but they have been the most searched and listened to over the last 12 years on this site.Fluctuations will naturally appear at certain times of the year. An example of this is during the weeks around Christmas time when more searches are done for Christmas songs or when there are football / rugby matches taking place and people want to learn the words. Another example is when there's a new folk song released which doesn't happen very often, when Christy Moore released My Little Honda 50 a lot of searches are done for that particular song.
In the above top 100 songs the * symble represents a song that was not written by an Irish person but is regarded by many people to be an Irish folk song. I'm not going to debate what's an Irish song and what is not.
It may surprise many visitors to the site to learn that many of our most popular songs are banned from the airwaves. Songs like Sean South, James Connolly and The Dying Rebel, they have been banned for over 40 years now. You may hear a few of them on regional radio but not on our national broadcaster R.T.E. or commercial radio or television. In 2016 there will be a large commemoration to mark the 100th anniveration of the 1916 rising. The government will spend a considerable amount of money on this event to honor the man and women who gave their lives to gain independence for Ireland. The media will also play it's part in the commemoration and no doubt say how great these man and women were but the same media won't play the songs that were written about these people who gave their lives for their country. The same government forbids these songs to be thought in schools and encourages radio and t.v. to keep these songs off the air. I have being pushing and coaxing radio presenters for years to get folk songs into mainstream play lists. Some have helped me out and I thank them. As for the others ? I'll keep at them.
This information is free to use for schools and research. If it's to be put on another website all I ask is a link back to this page.
So what makes a hit song nowadays ?. I have been pondering this question for many's the year and have come up with a few answers.If your a singer / songwriter and your not famous, you can write the greatest song in
the world and nobody will ever hear it. If a well known singer writes the same song then it becomes a hit record. Or if you manage to get your greatest creation to that well known singer and he records it then you have a hit record and everybody knows you. Take the record that Finbar Furey recorded from the Television show ''The Hit'' , which was written by Gerry Fleming. If Gerry hadn't entered that song into the show
it would be still sitting at home and would never see the light of day. Or if Gerry had recorded it and placed it on youtube it would probibly get a few hits and fade away because Gerry wasn't as well known as Finbar. Plus the fact that his song was on national television.
Recently a man sent me a song he had written and wanted it included here on the site. It's called ''The old wino that sleeps on the quay'' , I thought it was excelent. Several thousand people have seen it here on this site but that's only because this site gets a massive amount of traffic. I have no doubt that if a famous singer like Christy Moore decided to record this Thomas Keatley song it would be an instant hit record. The same applies to the couple of hundred others who sent me songs in the past 12 years.
Lets change the situation a little bit. Say a well known band or singer included a track on their latest album and the song was really bad. That same track would become famous just because the singer was well known. I'm not just talking folk music here, the same applies to all kinds of music. We have all heard really crap records and wondered how the heck did that make it onto the radio, well the average D.J. will play anything once it's by a well known band.
In times past [ 100 years ago ] when a song was written it was usually handed by the writer to a vocalist who would preform it in the music halls and the writer a little money in return. Then in the 1930's singers would record their hits and the Lyricist started to make some good money. If the song was really popular other singers would try and make some money off the song by recording it. Take the song ''Danny Boy''
written in 1910, according to Wikipedia it was recorded 58 times in the last 100 years. I don't know where Wikipedia get their information from but it was recorded over 100 times in America along and at least 50 singers in Ireland have recorded it. The man who claimed he wrote it never had to work another day in his life and lived off the royalties. It was a bit different in Ireland, if you wrote a song you got it printed and The Ballad Singer would bring it around the towns of Ireland selling the printed lyrics. He's first sing the song to let you hear what you were buying and to give you a listen to the air of the tune.
But that was then and this is now and it's much more difficult to have a hit record nowadays. A small amount of bands who work hard on the pub scene and write their own music will make it. But they are few and far between, and it's not as if there are record company scouts doing the rounds checking for talented bands anymore. Thousands of young and old enter these competitons like The X Factor hoping for success. Very few make it and of the few that do make the final their glory is usually short lived.
Usually a great song will have three or four verses and a chorus. I say usually but the Danny Boy song had no chorus and was still a massive hit. If this song was written today I'd bet it wouldn'd stand a chance of getting radio time. It was a different era with the general public having a higher attention span when it came to music. Another song with no chorus was the Eric Bogle hit ''The Green Fields Of France'' , this ballad like many others told a good story that is encaptivating to the listener. I remember listening to an interview with the singer / songwriter of The Kinks, Ray Davies who said that anytime he wrote a song that had a ''Riff'' in it it became a hit record and when he left the riff out the record didn't sell as well. Shane MacGowan from The Pogues must have heard the same interview because most of his writing include a riff. So there you go, that's another tip.
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Service Awards Given on May 14
The annual Service Awards reception for long-term employees will be hosted by President F. King Alexander on Thursday, May 14, at 10 a.m. at The Pointe.
Staff employees who were hired in 1973, 1978, 1983, 1988, 1993 and 1998 and meet the eligibility requirements will be honored.
Service to the university is calculated as of Dec. 31, 2008, and is defined as full-time, part-time temporary or permanent, continuous appointments. Hourly/intermittent appointments are not included in the calculations.
Employment at CSULB prior to a break in service is not included in the calculations without an employee’s request. Service from other CSU campuses is not included.
Service Award program calculations are separate and distinct from those of the Office of Payroll and Benefit Services and CalPERS. Invitations will be sent to the awardees via campus mail in early April. For more information, call Berta Hanson in Benefits and Staff Human Resources at 562/985-8798.
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Nikolas Wilson
Hockey teams rely on questionable tactics to ensure home-ice advantage
April 4th, 2018 Nikolas Wilson Columns, Sports comments
With playoff hockey approaching in a couple weeks, teams are doing everything they can to prepare. While preparation for the playoffs usually refers to behavior on the ice, the Vegas Golden Knights organization has been busy off the ice as well.
Adam Gretz of NBC Sports reported on March 27 that Vegas has taken an interesting approach to ensure that it will have a significant home-ice advantage for the first round of the playoffs.
The Golden Knights have announced a program called “Knights Vow.” This program offers season ticket holders a cheaper price for playoff tickets if they forfeit their right to sell their ticket to someone else. Ticket holders will receive their tickets electronically from FlashSeats and will be unable to resell their tickets through StubHub, which is the secondary partner to the Golden Knights.
While this behavior may seem unethical, it’s surprisingly reasonable when compared to the behavior of past teams.
For example, the Nashville Predators have deliberately hindered opposing fans’ abilities to buy tickets to the games. According to Fox Sports, Nashville launched a program in 2013 called the “Grow the Gold” campaign.
The rules of the campaign stated that if a fan wanted to buy a ticket for a game in Nashville against the Chicago Blackhawks, then that fan also had to buy tickets for two other Predators games. This tactic was implemented to prevent Blackhawk fans from buying tickets to the game. Nashville did this to ensure that it would have a strong home-ice advantage against its division rival.
Nashville isn’t the only city that went out of its way to keep out Blackhawk fans. According to Shannon Ryan and Phil Thompson of the Chicago Tribune, the Tampa Bay Lightning implemented similar restrictions on Chicago fans during the 2015 Stanley Cup Final between the two teams. In order for fans to buy a playoff ticket for the games in Tampa Bay, they had to pay with a credit card associated with a Florida ZIP code.
While the behavior of Nashville, Tampa Bay and now Las Vegas is hardly respectful, I can understand why these teams are taking such serious precautions to ensure home-ice advantage. These three teams are highly unconventional hockey markets, yet they’ve all enjoyed success this season. They’re trying to grow their fanbases and that can be tricky, especially because all of these cities are quite appealing to tourists and will inevitably attract the attention of rival fans.
Again, their behavior is not exactly admirable, but these teams just want to ensure that they’ll be sharing their playoff moments with residents of their respective cities, rather than the fans of rival teams. I support the decisions that these teams have made. Hopefully, these tactics are short-term solutions, which help young teams build their loyal fanbases for the future.
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West Feliciana Parish Hospital
Home Career Opportunities Newsletter Bill Pay Site Map
About Us Services Find a Doctor Patient & Visitor Resources News & Events Locations & Contacts
Pamela L. Lewis, MD
Pamela L. Lewis, MD, is a native of St. Francisville. She graduated Valedictorian from West Feliciana Parish High School and went on to obtain a bachelor's degree in biology from the University of Louisiana Monroe. Dr. Lewis continued to medical school at LSU Health Sciences Center in New Orleans, graduating in 2007 and continuing with her residency, where she finished in 2011. She is now a practicing physician and is a member of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Dr. Lewis specializes in obstetrics and gynecology and is offering women's health services in West Feliciana Parish and surrounding areas via a satellite clinic once weekly on hospital campus, 10289 Gould Drive. She also takes appointments through her primary practice, Associates in Women's Health, 781 Colonial Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70806.
For Appointments call (225) 201-0505
*All deliveries and surgeries are performed at Woman's Hospital, Baton Rouge, LA
Home | Career Opportunities | Newsletter | Bill Pay | Site Map | Search Site | About Us | Services | Find a Doctor | Patient & Visitor Resources | News & Events | Contact Us
© Copyright 2019, Hospital Service District of West Feliciana. All rights reserved.
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TOMS shoes: half-assed aid & a bad deal???
By Kelsey // Glocal
I’ve written about the problem with TOMS and their critics and about TOMS recent big announcement: selling sunglasses.
Courtney Martin, author of Do It Anyway: The New Generation of Activists, takes the TOMS criticism to the glossy pages of the American Prospect magazine and even quotes me in the process:
Others argue that it’s important to see TOMS, and the businesses it has inspired, as baby steps in public awareness. Kelsey Timmerman, the author of Where Am I Wearing? A Global Tour to the Countries, Factories, and People That Make Our Clothes, writes: “The problem isn’t shoelessness. The problem is poverty. … If every person who slips on a pair of TOMS stops for a moment thinks about that level of poverty, it can only lead to good things. I always say step #1 is getting people to give a shit.”
Boy, won’t my grandma be proud?
“Kelsey, why do you have to be so vulgar?”
Actually my grandma wouldn’t say anything like that. She’s watched every episode of Walker: Texas Ranger starring Chuck Norris (Chuck Norris doesn’t have tiger blood; tigers have Chuck Norris blood) and every Death Wish movie Charles Bronson ever made. What I’m saying is that she can handle a little “shit” quote here and there.
Anyhow, back to the article.
Martin criticizes TOMS:
…it is the vastly unequal global economic landscape that we’re living in that makes it possible for one person to spend $135 on a pair of sunglasses, what TOMS is charging, while another can’t even afford a pair of eyeglasses to see properly.
The one-to-one model, at least in its current form, may be more effective at sustaining the desire for First World charity to Third World countries than it is in making any large-scale shifts in economic equality.
But she also offers examples of how similar BOGO companies are doing a better job than TOMS at making lasting change:
…it’s even more crucial that one-to-one entrepreneurs invest in systemic change, not just give to the poor. Warby Parker, an eyewear company that sold 20,000 pairs of glasses in its first year of business with almost no advertising, has departed from the TOMS shoe approach in a crucial way. Warby Parker doesn’t just buy eyeglasses for a citizen of the developing world every time it sells a pair of prescription eyewear for about $95; it donates to VisionSpring, an organization that empowers people, especially women, in underdeveloped nations to start local, small businesses that provide low-cost eyeglasses. VisionSpring has long-standing relationships with poor communities around the world.
There’s shopping and then there’s charity. Doing both at the same time gets you half-assed aid and a bad deal.
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Why Does the Tech Industry have a Gender Problem?
The UK’s tech industry currently employs over one million people and, in 2018, was worth £184 billion to the UK. However, even though the technology sector is growing substantially, it’s still dealing with an age-old problem: a lack of gender diversity.
The UK ranks third in the world total for capital invested in tech companies, with it being predicted that investment will increase over the next decade. Additionally, the UK tech sector is growing 2.6 times faster than the overall UK economy.
However, women currently account for only 19% of those working in the industry. Women are also underrepresented at all levels, more so in senior management, where they make up just 12.6% of board members.
Along with this gender divide, the industry is faced with sector-specific skill gaps, with over 70% of tech employers having experienced skills shortages this year alone. Almost one-quarter of these expect the skills shortage to impact on their recruitment.
Grant Dove, IT Recruitment Lead at Forward Role, said:
“With the digital skills shortage and strong industry growth, it’s now more important than ever to address the industry’s gender imbalance if we want to continue to grow, innovate and evolve. We all have to work hard to encourage more diversity and grow our industry into one that we can be really proud of as it changes and evolves. There will be many barriers to overcome in the next few years, but the future looks bright for women in tech. Forward Role has taken a deep dive to find out the true extent of the gender divide in the technology sector and has spoken to a variety of women about their experience of the tech industry and ask the question “why does the tech industry have a gender problem?”
Education Level Disparity
Employment isn’t where the tech gender divide begins – it stems back to the education level which proves that there needs to be more done to encourage girls to take interest in tech subjects. Even though the split between girls and boys opting for apprenticeships is fairly even, girls typically lean more towards sectors like learning support, human resources and health and social care instead of more male-dominated industries such as computer science and technology.
To help tackle this issue, UnionLearn has suggested that apprenticeships should be promoted as an option for all by schools, challenging gender stereotyping from an early stage:
There should be more targeted support and careers guidance for young women from school age upwards
There should be more taster courses and work experience for young people before they decide on their chosen apprenticeship
There should be more visits for young women to male-dominated workplaces
The issue doesn’t just lie with high school education: the odds are stacked against women in university as well, with computer science having 13,085 more male students than female.
This education divide often happens at an earlier age than university or even apprenticeship level – girls only make up 20% of those taking computer science at GCSE level.
Talent and Skills Manager at Manchester Digital, Emma Grant, heads up an initiative set up to inspire women and girls to explore the careers available in the tech sector, known as DigitalHer. She said:
“Diversity is good for business and good for the wider society. One of the ways we can help make a change in the tech industry is by inspiring and empowering more young women to consider careers in technology – which is the reason Manchester Digital created its Digital Her program. It’s essential we enable young women to make informed decisions about the subject choices and education pathways that could allow them to develop the skills and mindsets they need to succeed in our industry.”
Current challenges
The industry is currently taking steps to improve the representation of women. In fact, plans to increase women’s participation in the ICT sectors have been outlined by the European Commission to further increase representation.
However, there are still huge barriers facing women once they break into the industry. Men outnumber women by a minimum of three to one in 53% of tech organisations, and the gender pay gap has stagnated in recent years.
So why is this happening, and how can we take steps to improve?
Business conception and funding
AllBright recently conducted a survey that showed male investors overlook 22% of female tech founders. Co-Founder of hypnotherapy app Clementine, Annie Ridout, has experienced this first hand:
“We’ve built a community of 60,000 women, we were voted one of the ‘seven apps every woman should own’ by the Guardian, we have been ‘App of the Day’ in the App Store twice and have been featured in Forbes, Stylist, the Sun, and The Telegraph. But an issue we’re facing is securing investment. We’ve spoken to VC firms and angel investors. We’ve tried to join accelerator programmes. And we’re finding that the inflexibility of these programmes excludes us. As mothers, we don’t always work the conventional 9-5.
We work the same hours, but in less conventional time slots (evenings, mornings, weekends, nap-times), and there doesn’t seem to be space for this. We feel that we’re at a disadvantage as female founders. We know that women only receive 2% of all investment – and this means we’re starting out with lower hopes.”
This is an issue that many women in the tech industry face. This means fewer women in senior manager and ownership roles in digital and tech, which leads to less representation and leads to the industry becoming stuck in a vicious circle.
Rosie Bennett, Centre Director at SETsquared, a tech business incubator based in the University of Bath’s Innovation Centre, is helping to devise a strategy to attract more female candidates.
The incubator is working with organizations such as WISE and Girls Who Code, encouraging more gender-balanced management teams, and trying more targeted recruitment campaigns.
And, with a 6% increase in the number of applications from women in the last 12 months, the strategy is proving successful.
Psychologist & Business Coach, Katie Woodland, has extensive experience coaching women in tech and has noticed that there is a lack of representation:
“Across YouTube, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, business influencers are heavily weighted towards men. That is not to say there are no women, they’re just very underrepresented at the top.”
Industry-wide and panel events also don’t offer a representation of women in expert and leadership roles – but strides are being made to even this out.
Mariya Gabriel, Commissioner for the Digital Economy and Society, is actively trying to raise awareness on gender balanced panels and public events. She only participates in panels that include at least one other woman and has initiated the No Women No Panel Campaign.
Societal values
During her time coaching, Katie has also noticed women dealing with particular societal values placed on them.
“From my own personal experience as a business owner and through my experience working with others, one of the key reasons for the gender difference is the traditional societal gender model. The men I helped would be able to carve out 16-17 hours in a day and fully dedicate their time to building a business, learning what they needed to and not worrying about fulfilling any other role within the home.
“The women, however, would try to carve time out in their days but still have to manage the kids to and from school, clean the house, make the dinner and spend time with their partners so that they didn’t feel neglected. This resulted in women having around 50% less time available to them [to develop their business] in the day.”
44% of Europeans believe women should focus on taking care of their homes and families, and this number jumps up to 70% in one-third of those countries. Many women have the difficult job of balancing family life with a career, a decision which men often don’t have to make. In many cases, this leads to women taking time out of work, less pressured roles, or part-time hours, leading to less representation.
This doesn’t mean that the world of work isn’t changing though; areas of technology are now helping to close the gender divide faster than ever before. Offering greater flexibility to work from home, having more control over their working hours, and having the chance to become an entrepreneur are all ways to encourage more women to be digitally fluent.
Doing this will have a huge impact on the workforce of the future.
What does the future look like?
Mariya Gabriel is actively encouraging more women to participate in the tech sector and has highlighted three areas that will increase the participation of women in the digital sector:
Challenging stereotypes
Promoting skills and education
Advocating for more women entrepreneurs
More women in tech is great for everyone, which is why steps are being made to make the industry more inclusive for everyone. A Women in Digital Age study conducted by the European Union highlights that more women in tech would mean:
An annual €16 billion GDP boost in the EU
Improvements in the start-up environment (research shows that female-owned start-ups are more likely to be successful)
Benefits to businesses – as it’s been proven that diversity at inception leads to better products and services
Mariya Gabriel said:
“Europe’s future will be digital and it is in our hands to make it inclusive. Women and girls cannot be left out of the digital transformation of our economy and our society.”
Jacqui Bland, a Software Engineering Manager from Broadstone Engage, also thinks that the future looks bright, thanks to the ongoing support of male members of the community.
“There’s no doubt that we need more women in tech. Getting into any male-dominated industry can be daunting for a woman, but the tech community is becoming increasingly aware of the gender gap. In my experience, there are more men than ever before that are choosing to be advocates for more women in tech.”
Undoubtedly, there are still a number of issues that need to be resolved within the tech industry. But, due to new initiatives and strong role models being put in place, progress has been made. Within the next few years, we should begin to see the gender divide reduce in the tech industries, leading to a better environment for all.
About the author. Emma Melling is a CRM and Marketing Recruitment Consultant at Forward Role. She has worked in Marketing Recruitment for the last two years. After university, she worked in Retail Management but with lack of weekends and social life, she decided to move on and started her career in recruitment! She’s still stuck to her roots and now focus on B2C Marketing roles and work with brilliant candidates from Graduate to Senior Management level.
How Can a Recruiter Use Social Media to Attract Talent?
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Stories from Wednesday, January 12, 2011
Tiger Cubs, Cougars in action on the mat (High School Sports ~ 01/12/11)
CRAWFORDSVILLE -- The Greencastle wrestling team competed in the Crawfordsville Tournament last Saturday. The Tiger Cubs' lone first place finisher was Nick Pingleton. Riley Boswell, Carter Lewis, Jesse Vermillion and Will Mobley finished third. Kody Collins and Blaine Fenwick placed fourth, while Riley Jayne was fifth on the day...
Where does nuclear disarmament go from here? (Local News ~ 01/12/11)
With U.S. Senate ratification of the New START treaty on Dec. 22, supporters of nuclear disarmament won an important victory. Signed by President Barack Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev last April, the treaty commits the two nations to cut the number of their deployed strategic (i.e. ...
Women and the U.S. Constitution: A Call to Action (Local News ~ 01/12/11)
Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia just asserted for a second time that our Constitution does not protect women against discrimination. That was one of the arguments for passing the proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), and ironically, people of Scalia's "conservative" persuasion often countered that the ERA was not needed precisely because women are already protected by the 14th Amendment...
Life moves pretty fast... (Column ~ 01/12/11)
I got to take a ride through scenic northern Putnam County today. I didn't find what I was looking for, but it was kind of nice all the same. I heard a fire called out on the scanner. I gathered it was Heritage Lake, but I never heard an address. I got into my car anyway, hoping I'd see smoke, fire trucks or something else that told me I was going the right way...
Police Scanner for Jan. 12, 2011 (Police Logs ~ 01/12/11)
Putnam Count Sheriff's Department Buchanan was ejected and suffered possible internal injuries to the abdomen and pelvis area and was transported by Operation Life. Towed by Kenny's. Damage $5,001-$10,000. Both vehicles towed by Steele's. Damage $10,001-$25,000...
Everett Ray Curran (Obituary ~ 01/12/11)
Everett Ray Curran, 75, Summit, Ark., passed away on Thursday, Jan. 6, 2011. He was born Dec. 25, 1935 in Bainbridge and was the son of Raywood and Lena Lith Curran. Everett was a member of the Baptist Church in Barnard and was retired from his lifelong occupation of farming, moving to Arkansas after his retirement in 1998...
Richard Allan Johnson (Obituary ~ 01/12/11)
Richard Allan Johnson, 78, died on Thursday, Jan. 6, 2011 after a three-year battle with multiple myeloma. He was born May 24, 1932 in Frankfort to Charles Ernest (Ernie) and Marie Johnson. He resided in Frankfort, Bainbridge and Danville and moved to Indianapolis in 1966...
Hedge gives council follow up on water main break (Local News ~ 01/12/11)
GREENCASTLE -- Following the Friday break of a 10-inch water main along U.S. 231 (North Jackson St.), water service has been restored to the area, but big repairs are coming in the spring. Utilities superintendent Richard Hedge told the council at its Tuesday meeting that water for the Monon restaurant, Humphrey's Outdoor Power, Muffler Connection and three nearby houses is now coming from a different water main...
Cloverdale addresses two vehicle issues (Local News ~ 01/12/11)
CLOVERDALE -- Without either the town clerk/treasurer or attorney, the Cloverdale Town Council meeting had to limit some of the subjects they could approach in the first meeting 2011. Interim utility manager Rich Saucerman brought up issues with two of the trucks the town uses...
Alleged traffickers appear in court (Local News ~ 01/12/11)
GREENCASTLE -- Two women accused of trafficking with inmates at the Putnam County Correctional Facility were arraigned Monday in Putnam County Circuit Court. Amber Lea Edmond, 30 and Wanda Latham, 54, both of Indianapolis are both charged with two counts of Class C felony and one count of Class A misdemeanor trafficking with an inmate...
TZ says 'We're not gonna take it' to bullying (Local News ~ 01/12/11)
GREENCASTLE -- For years, the conventional wisdom about dealing with a bully was simple: stand up to him (or her). In the digital age, though, bullying takes some much less obvious forms. It can be online. It can be through the use of mobile phones or other devices. It can be as simple as intentionally excluding someone in plain sight of the teacher or other authority figure...
Jonathon S. "Shad" Cox (Obituary ~ 01/12/11)
Jonathon S. "Shad" Cox, 33, of Greencastle passed away on Monday, Jan. 10, 2011. Shad was born on Nov. 24, 1977 in Brazil to John and Kathy Jordan Cox. He was a longtime member of Carpenters Local #859 and was employed by Safeway Scaffolding. Shad would do anything for anybody, and he enjoyed having fun with his children and friends...
Pho-dog-graphy (Local News ~ 01/12/11)
Family portraiture is a lot different these days than it used to be. Time was, a family portrait was Mom, Dad and the kids all dressed up in their Sunday best. Sometimes the portrait was taken in the family's home in front of a fireplace; other times everyone traveled to a studio...
Browse other days
© 2019 Greencastle Banner Graphic · Greencastle, Indiana
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Get Enlightenment from Amazon.com
Order our Enlightenment Study Guide
Movement Variations
Representative Authors
Critical Overview
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Critical Essay #1
Topics for Further Study
Enlightenment Essay
This Study Guide consists of approximately 50 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Enlightenment.
This section contains 1,488 words
Bussey holds a master's degree in interdisciplinary studies and a bachelor's degree in English literature. She is an independent writer specializing in literature. In the following essay, Bussey compares the Grand Inquisitor in Voltaire's Candide to literature's most famous Grand Inquisitor, who appears in Fyodor Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov. By comparing these parallel characters from different literary movements, she sheds light on the Enlightenment as a whole.
Among the many characters who wander in and out of the pages of Voltaire's Candide is the Grand Inquisitor, a character with historical roots in the Spanish Inquisition. In 1478, Ferdinand V and Isabella I of Spain secured the reluctant approval of the pope to initiate what has come to be known as the Spanish Inquisition. Its original intent was to seek out and punish Jews who had been coerced into converting to Christianity but whose conversion was insincere. Next, the...
More summaries and resources for teaching or studying Enlightenment.
Enlightenment from Gale. ©2005-2006 Thomson Gale, a part of the Thomson Corporation. All rights reserved.
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For immediate release Wednesday, Jan. 27, 2016
CONTACT: Roy L. Williams, Director of Public Relations
Phone: (205) 226-3746 cell (205) 568-0067
E-mail: rlwilliams@bham.lib.al.us
WORD UP! 2016 kicks off Saturday, Jan. 30 at Central Library with spoken word poetry workshop
BIRMINGHAM, Alabama—The Birmingham Public Library (BPL) will begin hosting free workshops for young poets interested in spoken word poetry this Saturday, Jan. 30.
This free workshop is open to all teens middle-school age and up. Those planning to compete in the 2016 WORD UP! contest are especially encouraged to attend. WORD UP!, a poetry slam for students enrolled in high schools—or home schooled—in Jefferson County, will be held on Sunday, April 10 at 3 p.m. at the Central Library, 2100 Park Place downtown.
Teen poets can up their game by attending free workshops leading up to the slam. The Jan. 30 session will be led by Tina Mozelle Braziel, and the Feb. 27 session will be led by John Paul Taylor. Both sessions will take place from 2 to 3:30 p.m. in the Story Castle on the second floor of the Central Library. Registration is recommended. For more information, call (205) 226-3670 or email hm@bham.lib.al.us.
The slam is sponsored by BPL and Real Life Poets, a non-profit creative writing organization based in Birmingham. Students in grades 9 through 12 write and perform an original work of poetry inspired by a theme selected by the WORD UP! planning committee. The theme for WORD UP! 2016 is “Speak Out!.”
Visit the WORD UP! webpage for details at http://www.jclc.org/wordup.aspx.
Each participating high school holds a preliminary contest, and the winners from each school compete in the WORD UP! competition. The deadline for schools to sign on to participate is Feb. 19. For more information, call (205) 226-3670 or email hm@bham.lib.al.us. Each school should designate a staff person, usually a teacher or school librarian, to be the WORD UP! liaison.
The contestants are judged on content and performance by a panel of three judges and compete for cash prizes. The first place winner receives $300, second place $200, and third place $150.
“These young poets put an incredible amount of work into this slam and learn invaluable lessons about public speaking – how to engage an audience, use body language effectively, and stay composed under pressure,” said Haruyo Miyagawa, WORD UP! Coordinator and head of the Arts, Literature, and Sports Department at the Birmingham Public Library. “These skills will really benefit them in future academic and career pursuits.”
For those students determined to go even further, BPL and Real Life Poets will help sponsor a spoken-word team to compete in next year’s Brave New Voices International Youth Poetry Competition, a worldwide standard in spoken word poetry competitions for teens since 1998. Brave New Voices 2013 was held in Chicago, and for the first time in the history of the festival, a small but dedicated group of Birmingham-area teens who called themselves Team #KnowDisclaimer competed and did well enough to go on to the semi-finals, a feat almost unheard of by first time teams.
Students from Birmingham City Schools, Jefferson County Schools, Mountain Brook High, Hewitt-Trussville, Tarrant, and independent schools such as Alabama School of Fine Arts and Holy Family Cristo Rey Catholic High School are among school systems throughout Jefferson County that have been represented in past WORD UP! slams.
FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT BPL
For additional information about the programs and services of the Birmingham Public Library, visit our website at www.bplonline.org and be sure to follow us on Facebook and Twitter @BPL. The mission of Birmingham Public Library is to provide the highest quality library service to our citizens for life-long learning, cultural enrichment, and enjoyment. This system—with 19 locations and serving the community for 129 years—is one of the largest library systems in the southeast.
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Greendykes South, Edinburgh
We were appointed by Taylor Wimpey to prepare a comprehensive design package in support of their planning application for a residential site in south-east Edinburgh. This included the production of landscape sketch designs, detailed planting plans, hard landscape design and liaison with Edinburgh City Council.
Due to some challenges with the existing site, the planners had some concerns regarding the proposals in some areas of the site. In order to alleviate these concerns, we produced photorealistic street scene visualisations to illustrate the proposals in these areas as accurately as possible. The visualisations were produced following the completion of the detailed hard and soft landscape designs, to ensure they reflected the final proposals as closely as possible.
As an existing SketchUp model of the site was available, we were able to produce the visualisations at minimal cost by building on the modelling work which had already been produced.
Our scope of provided landscape design services includes:
Sketch Designs and Cost Estimate;
Landscape Layout and detailed Planting Plans;
Hard landscape design;
Liaison with Edinburgh City Council;
3D modelling of the proposed site; and
Photorealistic CGI street scene images.
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Moving Forward, Giving Back. The Community Foundation of the Dan River Region was established to improve and enrich area lives through the generosity of donors. Learn More
How To Start a Fund
Acorn Funds
Agency and Church Endowments
Field of Interest Funds
Unrestricted Funds
Agency Emergency Fund
Autism Education Fund and Keokee Fund
Disaster Relief Fund
Veterans Wall
Purchasing a Brick
Pittsylvania Animal Shelter Fund
November 6, 2018 in
Executive Director Position Announcement
The Board of Directors is seeking an Executive Director who believes in the mission of the foundation and is equipped to provide leadership as we work to achieve our mission. The Executive Director will guide the Foundation’s overall direction, business strategies, and the coordination and implementation of the Foundation’s fundraising activities.
We are no longer accepting applications for this position
Principle responsibilities will include:
Expand the financial base for the Foundation, pursuing philanthropic funding sources and other creative sources of revenue for the organization, including community fundraising projects, as approved or recommended by the Board.
Oversee the successful implementation of the organization’s philanthropic and marketing strategies, enabling the Foundation to grow its asset base as established in the long-range strategic plan.
Position the Foundation as a leader in gathering financial resources through relationships with the community, business and public-sector leaders in the region in order to support the goals of the Foundation.
Serve as the Foundation’s liaison to donors, prospective donors and the community.
Manage the daily operations and provides guidance to Foundation staff members.
Our Executive Director must have a minimum of a Bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution, at least five years’ experience in a business environment, and a high level of efficiency with technology including the use of Word, Excel and PowerPoint. Experience with a foundation, the not-for-profit sector, legal practices, and financial processes would be beneficial.
Our next Executive Director must possess:
The capacity to raise funds and secure investments from individuals, businesses, private foundations and other potential contributors.
Skill in effective written and oral communication and the capacity to engage in genuine conversations with a diverse group of individuals.
Strong administrative, management and organizational skills.
The ability to provide engaging public presentations regarding the Foundation and our mission.
A passion for and dedication to the communities served by the Foundation.
Once hired, the Executive Director will be required to reside within our region of service, which includes the City of Danville and the Counties of Pittsylvania, Halifax and Caswell North Carolina.
Interested applicants may send their confidential resume by December 14 to:
The Community Foundation of the Dan River Region
Attention Search Committee
Danville, Virginia 24543
cfdrrsearchcommittee@gmail.com
© The Community Foundation of the Dan River Region | Moving Forward, Giving Back
541 Loyal Street, Danville VA
info@cfdrr.org
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10 Sustainable Development Goals that keep the eradication of poverty at the centre – a contribution to the thinking of the Secretary General’s Open Working Group on the SDGs
July 1, 2014 Andrew Shepherd
The Secretary-General’s Open Working Group has been in session for over a year now, and has produced a compilation of 19 ‘focus areas’ which are an excellent basis for its formulation of prototype Sustainable Development Goals over the next few weeks. However, 19 goal areas will be too many, and in this blog, Andrew Shepherd demonstrates how the focus areas could be combined to produce a goal structure that is convincing and intuitive, but also neat and memorable - and so capable of mobilising support from individuals, civil society, the media and governments over the period of time necessary to implement the measures. It also includes a proposal for a new Poverty Eradication Goal.
In Blog Tags Open Working Group, Sustainable Development Goals, 10 Sustainable Development Goals
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Movie: Faust (1926)
Posted on October 29, 2011 by Alyssa Linn Palmer
This afternoon I went to watch the silent film classic “Faust” in the Cathedral Church of the Redeemer (the Anglican cathedral here in Calgary) accompanied by a live piano score. I’ve been a film buff for many years, but I haven’t had much exposure to silent films. As my current work-in-progress takes place in the 1920s, I thought it would be worthwhile to see what my characters might have seen.
The film opens with the Archangel and the demon Mephisto making a wager over the soul of Faust. Mephisto sends the plague to Faust’s village, and gives Faust a chance to save people, if only he’ll make a pact to give up his soul. The original pact is for one day only, but when Mephisto convinces Faust to embrace youth, the trial day turns into an eternity of youth, pleasures and debauchery. Faust bores of this life, and falls in love with an innocent young woman named Gretchen. He corrupts her, and she bears his child, to be thrown out and reviled as a whore. When her child dies, she’s convicted as a murderess, sentenced to be burned at the stake. When Faust realizes what has happened, he commands Mephisto to take him to her. He does not arrive in time to save her, and Mephisto turns him back into his aged self. He throws himself on the pyre with his beloved Gretchen, and she recognizes him, even in his old age. Love has redeemed him, and the Archangel rules that the Devil has not won the soul of Faust. The film closes as it began, on the image of the triumphant Archangel.
At first I had to remind myself that the effects were striking for the time period, but after the film had progressed, I stopped reminding myself and lost myself in the imagery. The play of light and shadow was captivating, and the look and makeup of Mephisto is something that must have heavily influenced later depictions, as he looked like our modern conception of the Devil, or even of a vampire. His hovering over the town was also used in the cartoon ‘Fantasia’.
I found it interesting that Mephisto is also aged at the start of the film, but when he gives Faust his youth, he also turns into a youthful version of himself. And he has a sense of humour, taking a woman’s love potion (likely brandy or another spirit) and mixing it up with a few other ingredients to turn it into a real love potion. She drinks it, and falls in love with Mephisto, to his amusement and dismay. Though Faust’s journey is a dark one, Mephisto’s antics had many in the audience snickering. There was much applause at the end, and the composer and pianist spoke briefly afterwards.
According to Robert Bruce, the pianist who scored the film today, every theatre would have had its own set of musicians to create a live score for each film that played. However, unlike his score, most would be made up quickly, given that new films would screen regularly. I can imagine this could be a challenge to the musicians and it’s fascinating to think that if you went to see the same film in several theatres, you could hear a different score in each. I wonder if anyone actually did that, just to have a different experience of the same film?
The presentation was hosted by the Pro Arts Society, and now that I know they exist, I’ll be checking out their future events.
This entry was posted in Movies and tagged camilla horn, faust, fw murnau, gosta ekman, mephisto, movie, Pro Arts Society, review, robert bruce by Alyssa Linn Palmer. Bookmark the permalink.
2 thoughts on “Movie: Faust (1926)”
Pingback: Movie: The Artist | Musings of a Writer and Unabashed Francophile, by Alyssa Linn Palmer
Abby on January 11, 2012 at 8:59 pm said:
I’ve never even heard of Faust. I wonder if I’ll ever get a chance to see it.
Speaking of musicians in the theater, my grandfather worked his way through Harvard by being a pianist for silent films in theaters in Massachusetts. He was an amazing piano player, from what my mother told me (he died before I was born). But what a fun job, no?
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1917, 1 August
1923, 16 December
1931, 19 April
1936, 12 January
1937, 1 June
1939, 3 December
1941, 30 November
1943, 21 February
1948, 8 February
1957, 20 May
1961, 30 October
1962, 5 October
1979, 30 March
1986, 20 June
1986, 26 September
1987, 6 November
2006, 8 September
Address of His Holiness Benedict XVI to Participants in an Interacademic Conference on "The Changing Identity of the Individual" Organized by the Académie des sciences of Paris and by the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
Mr Chancellors,
Your Excellencies,
Dear Academician Friends,
I greet you with pleasure at the end of your Colloquium, which is concluding here in Rome after taking place at the Institut de France in Paris and has focused on the theme: "The changing identity of the individual". First of all, I thank Prince Gabriel de Broglie for the tribute with which he wished to introduce our meeting. I would also like to greet the members of all the institutions under whose aegis this Colloquium has been organized: the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences, the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, the Academy of Sciences and the Catholic Institute of Paris. I rejoice that it has been possible for the first time to establish an interacademic collaboration of this kind, paving the way to ever more rewarding and extensive multidisciplinary research.
Whereas the exact, natural and human sciences have progressed prodigiously in the knowledge of man and his universe, there is a strong temptation to seek to isolate the identity of the human being and to enclose this identity in the knowledge that can derive from it. In order to avoid moving in this direction it is important to support anthropological, philosophical and theological research which allows the appearance and preservation in man of his own mystery, for no science can say who man is, where he comes from or where he is going. Anthropology thus becomes the most vital science of all. This is what John Paul II said in his Encyclical Fides et Ratio: "We face a great challenge... to move from phenomenon to foundation, a step as necessary as it is urgent. We cannot stop short at experience alone; even if experience does reveal the human being's interiority and spirituality, speculative thinking must penetrate to the spiritual core and the ground from which it rises" (n. 83). Man is always more than what is seen or perceived of him through experience. Failing to ask questions about man's being would lead inevitably to refusing to seek the objective truth about being as a whole, and hence, to no longer be able to recognize the basis on which human dignity, the dignity of every person, rests from the embryonic stage to natural death.
During your Colloquium you have recognized that the sciences, philosophy and theology can be mutually helpful for perceiving the human identity which is constantly developing. Starting with questions on the new being derived from cellular fusion and who bears a new and specific genetic patrimony, you have brought to the fore some essential elements of the mystery of man, marked by otherness: a being created by God, a being in the image of God, a being who is loved and is made to love. As a human person, man is never closed in on himself; he is always a bearer of otherness and from the very first moment of his existence interacts with other human beings, as the human sciences increasingly bring to light. How is it possible not to recall here the marvellous meditation of the Psalmist on the human being, knit together in the secret of his mother's womb and at the same time known in his identity and mystery to God alone, who loves and protects him (cf. Ps 139[138]: 1-16)?
Man is neither the result of chance nor of a bundle of convergences nor of forms of determinism nor physio-chemical interaction; he is a being who enjoys freedom, which, while taking his nature into account, transcends it and symbolizes this mystery of otherness that dwells within him. It is in this perspective that the great thinker Pascal said: "Man is infinitely more than man". This freedom which is a distinctive feature of the being called man enables him to orient his life towards an end which he can direct with his actions toward the happiness to which he is called for eternity. This freedom reveals that human existence has meaning. In the exercise of his authentic freedom, the person fulfils his vocation; it is completed and gives shape to his profound identity. It is also by putting his freedom into practice that the person exercises his own responsibility for his actions. In this sense, the special dignity of the human being is both a gift of God and the promise of a future.
Man bears within himself a specific capacity for discerning what is good and right. Affixed in him as a seal by the Creator, synderesis urges him to do good. Impelled by it, the human being is required to develop his conscience by forming and using it in order to direct his life freely based on the essential laws which are natural law and moral law. In our day, when the development of the sciences attracts and seduces with the possibilities they offer, it is more important than ever to educate the consciences of our contemporaries in order to prevent science from becoming the criterion of good and to ensure that man is respected as the centre of creation and not made the object of ideological manipulation, arbitrary decisions or the abuse of the weaker by the stronger. These are some of the dangers we have experienced in human history, especially during the 20th century.
Every scientific approach must also be a loving approach, called to be at the service of the human being and of humanity and to make its contribution to forming the identity of individuals. Indeed, as I emphasized in the Encyclical Deus Caritas Est: "Love embraces the whole of existence in each of its dimensions, including the dimension of time.... Love is indeed "ecstasy'", that is, "a journey, an ongoing exodus out of the closed inward-looking self towards its liberation through self-giving, and thus towards authentic self-discovery" (n. 6). Love brings one out of oneself in order to discover and recognize the other; in opening himself to otherness it also affirms the identity of the subject, for the other reveals me to myself. This is the experience made by numerous believers throughout the Bible, beginning with Abraham. The model of love par excellence is Christ. It is in the act of giving his life for his brethren, in giving himself totally, that his profound identity is expressed and we have the key to interpreting the unfathomable mystery of his being and his mission.
As I entrust your research to the intercession of St Thomas Aquinas, whom the Church honours today and who remains "an authentic model for all who seek the truth" (Fides et Ratio, n. 78), I assure you of my prayers for you, your families and your collaborators, and I impart to you all with affection the Apostolic Blessing.
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Character Inspiration – Nellie Tryke
Welcome to the first of several posts detailing the inspiration behind some of the characters in my books.
Nellie Tryke is a character in my Traveling Society series and the only one whose full name was retained from my original Travel Club stories, which I wrote about here. The other girls in the series still have the same first name as before, but the last name is different. I’m not sure if Tryke is a real surname, but I thought it sounded too cool to throw away! (McIop, however, I tossed away like a dirty rag. That’s not an Irish surname! Same with Nevern. What was I thinking??)
When I thought of what Nellie might look like, I imagined Nellie as a tall (about six foot) blond with curly blond hair and dark eyes. Kind of like this:
Note: I didn’t take this picture. I can’t even remember where I got it…… :-/
When going into writing these stories, I wanted to make sure that above all, the character development and their personality are what drive the story. Many YA books I read at that age were all about romance. Those books didn’t interest me much. I preferred stories about regular girls like me who were at that weird transitional time between being a kid and being an adult and still trying to find themselves.
With Nellie, I knew that I wanted her to be an imposing figure. She likes to lead people and is always the first to suggest something. She can also come off as brash for those who don’t know her, since Nellie always says what’s on her mind. Since other people are intimidated of her because of her personality, I figured what better way to show off those character traits than by making her tall? In the original Travel Club stories, she was the club president (remember, I based the Travel Club on The Babysitter’s Club, hence the title). This time around, I retained Nellie’s personality, but instead of making her a president (since the girls aren’t in a formal “club” like in the original stories), I made her instead the so-called leader of the group, pretty much the glue that holds everyone together. Wherever they go, she is always prepared to help out and lead everyone. She always looks up places where they can go when the girls travel together (in Bienvenue, her phone is loaded down with a navigation app so that the girls will never get lost while walking around Paris) and has something fun in mind for everyone to do. She also thinks that she knows everything, but then again, doesn’t every teenager think that at some point? I know that I did! 😀
Something else that I thought of when I developed Nellie’s character was what does she like to do in her spare time? The most interesting literary characters, for me, are people who have many interests. Maybe those interests don’t always drive the story, but they are there. It’s something else for the character to do away from the main action! And, it’s more realistic.
I allude in Bienvenue to the girls having part-time jobs. Many of my high school students work at the mall or a local Starbucks. And I too had a job at their age during the summer. So I decided to have that in the background for my girls. Again, not something to drive the story, but it’s something else that keeps them occupied. Also, having a part-time job gives the girls spending money for their adventures.
Nellie, when she isn’t working at home or at the enrichment center with her friends, is a waitress at a local Mexican restaurant. I chose that job for her because I was a waitress at that age. I only lasted a month, however. My boss overheard me arguing with a customer over their order (they said they’d ordered one thing, I said they didn’t and thus implied that the customer was wrong. Ooops!). He told me he’d call me when he needed me. That was almost fifteen years ago. I’m still waiting for that call. 😛
Fortunately, Nellie has been able to hold down her job for longer than I ever did as a waitress!
Nellie’s interests in drawing and all things Sherlock were inspired by several of my students. These girls were always passionate about their love of art and British TV, and it meant that we sometimes got off topic in class during discussions, but I didn’t mind much. I teach small classes anyway, with less than ten students in a room. One of those students told me that she aspired to be an artist when she grew up. And she had a lot of talent, so much that I told her I wished I could draw as well as she did! Drawing is something that I’ve always wanted to better, but I just never have.
So when it came time to think of interests for my characters, I decided to use my students’ personalities as inspiration for Nellie and her interests. In a way, I’m living through Nellie because I’ve always wanted to be able to draw well but just haven’t ever taken the time to do it!
Of all the girls in the Traveling Society, Nellie is the one whose personality resembles me the least. Since Nellie is not like me at all, it’s a lot of fun for me to write from her perspective! I get to step outside of myself and act as someone completely different. And I think that’s half the fun of writing stories: getting into the minds of different kinds of people. 😀 Besides, if she were too much like me, it would be way too easy!
Tune in next time when I’ll be talking about another Traveling Society character, this time one who is very much like me: Lavinia Welch.
To read about Nellie and the adventures of the Traveling Society, the first book in the series is now available here on Kindle and here on paperback.
Thoughts on Bienvenue
Character Inspiration – Lavinia Welch
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Ned Joel Block (born 1942) is an American philosopher working in the field of the philosophy of mind who has made important contributions to matters of consciousness and cognitive science. In 1971, he obtained his Ph.D. from Harvard University under Hilary Putnam. He went to Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as an assistant professor of philosophy (1971-1977), worked as associate professor of philosophy (1977-1983), professor of philosophy (1983-1996) and served as chair of the philosophy section (1989-1995). He has, since 1996, been a professor in the departments of philosophy and psychology at New York University (NYU).
Block is noted for presenting the Blockhead argument against the Turing Test as a test of intelligence in a paper titled Psychologism and Behaviorism (1981). He is also known for his criticism of functionalism, arguing that a system with the same functional states as a human is not necessarily conscious. In his more recent work on consciousness, he has made a distinction between phenomenal consciousness and access consciousness, where phenomenal consciousness consists of subjective experience and feelings and access consciousness consists of that information globally available in the cognitive system for the purposes of reasoning, speech and high-level action control. He has argued that access consciousness and phenomenal consciousness might not always coincide in human beings.
Block has been a judge at the Loebner Prize contest, a contest in the tradition of the Turing Test to determine whether a conversant is a computer or a human.
He is married to the developmental psychologist Susan Carey.
List of American philosophers
China brain
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Ned Block" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on original research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
Retrieved from "http://www.artandpopularculture.com/Ned_Block"
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zWAUNekSoIA
Office 2016 Review
Office 2016 is finally here, but will you be able to tell the difference?
The value of Office 2016 depends on how you want to use it. If you are like me and you only use Office as a standalone product with little to no sharing or collaborating work. It will be very hard to notice much difference at all. But if you are a Google Docs user you should really have a second look at Office 2016.
Let’s start off with the user interface. Office 2016 is almost identical to Office 2013. It has the same solid colours and Ribbon bars from previous versions of Office. It’s really hard to find any new visual changes at all. Which is not really a big problem as Office is still the great software suite, but it is disappointing Microsoft didn’t include OneDrive integration.
As for new features, Office 2016 includes the ability to create, open, edit, and save files in the cloud straight from the desktop, a new search tool for commands available in Word, PowerPoint, Excel and Outlook named “Tell Me”, more “Send As” options in Word and PowerPoint, and co-authoring in real time with users connected to Office Online.
As with the previous versions, Office 2016 is made available in several distinct editions aimed towards different markets. All traditional editions of Microsoft Office 2016 contain Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote and are licensed for use on one computer. Office 365 also offers similar plans to the traditional Office experience with the advantage it will work on Windows or Mac devices.
If I had a licensed copy of Office 2013. I would find it very hard to justify buying a licensed copy of Office 2016. Microsoft seems to be heading in the same direction as Google. The future of Office looks like it will be in the cloud. Purchasing an Office 365 subscription looks like the best course of action.
This is the best version yet, but it’s not worth the upgrade price from Office 2013.
Design9.2
Features8.8
Performance8.9
Support9.1
Usability9.2
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The New Cold War!
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Bruce Jackson
President, Project on Transitional Democracies
Bruce Jackson is the founder and President of the Project on Transitional Democracies. From 1979 to 1990, he served in the United States Army as a Military Intelligence Officer. From 1986 to 1990, he served in the Office of the Secretary of Defense in a variety of positions pertaining to nuclear forces and arms control. Upon leaving the Department of Defense in 1990, Mr. Jackson joined Lehman Brothers, where he was a strategist in the firm’s proprietary trading operations. From 1993 – 2002, Mr. Jackson was Vice President for Strategy and Planning at Lockheed Martin Corporation. During 1995 and 1996, he was National Co-Chairman of the Dole for President Finance Committee. In 1996, he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention where he served on the Platform Committee and the Platform’s subcommittee for National Security and Foreign Policy. During the 2000 Presidential Campaign, he was a delegate committed to Governor Bush and chaired the Foreign Policy Subcommittee of the Republican Platform Committee. From 1995 until 2003, he served as President of the US Committee on NATO. In 2004, Mr. Jackson became a member of the International Commission on the Balkans and the Board of Directors of the “We Remember” Foundation.
All session by Bruce Jackson
Main Panel 2: European Security Perspective
Plenary Panel 1: Is there an Exit out of the European Crisis of Economy and Democracy? (in partnership with the Slovak Atlantic Commission)
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Srđa Popović
OTPOR-CANVAS
Srđa Popović is one of the leaders of the Serbian OTPOR! (English: Resistance), Movement, who was elected after Milosevic’s overthrow to the Serbian Parliament. When Popović founded OTPOR! in 1998 at the age of 25, he had already been a veteran of Serbia’s student movement against the Milošević regime. In Parliament, he served as a deputy in the Democratic Party of the new Serbian prime minister and leading democratic reformer Zoran Djindjić. He was Special Adviser to Djindjić until the latter’s assassination in 2003. In 2004, Popović left politics to found the Center for Applied Nonviolent Action and Strategies (CANVAS) in Belgrade, an organization that has trained activists in dozens of countries around the world – from those involved in the successful pro-democracy movements in Georgia, Ukraine and the Maldives to the ongoing struggles in Burma and Iran.
All session by Srđa Popović
Session 2: Upheaval in the Arab World and its Aftermath
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Disposable Buildings
We live in an age of disposable consumer items. The more money one has, the more one is expected to throw away objects of daily use on a regular basis and buy new ones to replace them. This applies to a wide range of items including clothing, mobile phones, household appliances, and automobiles. Manufacturers regularly produce new models of their products that feature new designs and possibly a few added functional elements. The new models most often are intended to make consumers feel that what they have is old-fashioned and obsolete, even though it still might be perfectly functional.
Where do buildings fit within this grand scheme of things? Buildings often are constructed to last a "life-time." In many cases, they are intended to live even longer than that, to survive into the distant future as testimonies to religions, nations, events, or persons. In Jordan, we still view buildings as signs of permanence. The ubiquity of stone in our part of the world definitely has contributed to this view. Historical stone buildings after all survive on average far better than their equivalents in wood or even brick.
We generally come across two divergent positions regarding the life span of buildings. On the one hand, there is a view that not only accepts, but also appreciates longevity for buildings. This is expressed in the tremendous rise in the amount of architectural restoration and rehabilitation taking place over the past thirty years or so. Older buildings have gained a new appreciation as places in which people live, work, and socialize. As long as such buildings can be retrofitted to satisfy the needs of modern life (i.e. to allow for the installation of modern heating, electricity, telecommunications ... systems), it is a pleasurable experience spending time in them with their spacious windows, thick firm walls, well-crafted materials, high ceilings, as well as attractive interior and exterior decorative details.
On the other hand, a differing and widespread view treats buildings as disposable items to be replaced after a certain time span, which in some cases does not exceed fifteen years. This is the result of many reasons. One is tax laws that allow owners to depreciate their buildings as one would depreciate machinery or office furniture and equipment over specified periods of time. The idea behind depreciation is that these items eventually will need replacement, and since this replacement is an expense, it should be tax-deductible and could be distributed over a number of years. Once a building is completely depreciated, it offers no additional incentives in terms of tax deductions and replacing it by tearing it down or selling it becomes the preferred course of action.
Another reason why buildings become disposable is shortsightedness. Building owners, whether using the buildings or renting them out, often do not want to spend too much money on them and therefore end up using cheap materials that do not last very long. Within a few years, these buildings begin to show signs of wear and tear, and it often makes more economic sense to tear them down and construct new ones rather than to repair them. In numerous cases, however, this use of materials with short-life spans is intentional, as with certain industrial, storage, or athletic facilities that are intended from their inception as short-lived structures to be utilized only for relatively brief periods. This is due to a number of reasons. For example, the structure may be expected to become functionally obsolete in a short period of time because of technological developments; or the area in which the building is located is expected to experience considerable economic growth, and this will allow for the construction of a new building on the site that provides a higher return on investment.
Within this context of evolving economic conditions, land values are extremely important in determining how long a building lasts. In certain locations (Tokyo is one city that immediately comes to mind), the value of land is so high that the cost of even the most extravagant of buildings pales in comparison to the price of the plot of land on which it is located. Under such circumstances, tearing down the building to replace it with a new one at relatively short intervals becomes normal practice. In other cases, changes in zoning laws often allow much larger (usually higher) buildings to occupy a given site, thus making the pre-existing building on the site a poor investment that does not make optimal use of the site. Tearing the building down and constructing a more sizable one in its place becomes the financially logical choice for its owners.
There also is a psychological factor. This is related to the increasing mobility of people. For example, families traditionally stayed in the same home almost indefinitely, and those homes often would be adapted and expanded to accommodate the growth of the family. The concept of extended families that continue to live in the same house for generations has become obsolete in most societies. Instead of extended families, nuclear families now are the norm, and these move from one house to the other as the family grows, as its economic conditions change for the better (or for the worse), and as its wage earner(s) moves to other locations in search of better economic opportunities. This even applies to a society such as ours even though we do not have the opportunities for mobility that people in regions such as North America or the European Union have. Since the 1970s, and in some cases earlier, many families in Jordan have ended up spending years - and even decades - in the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, attracted by better income opportunities there. As their incomes increased, these families often have acquired new housing to reflect their improved economic status. Generally speaking, families are moving from one house to another at a quicker rate. The home consequently is becoming less and less a symbol of permanence and of the continuity of family life, and more a commodity that is used only as long as it serves the family's functional and economic needs and aspirations. We in Jordan very much are moving in the direction of treating our houses the same way we treat our automobiles, as expensive consumer items that are replaced at certain intervals, rather than heirlooms to be treasured from one generation to the other.
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Club legend ends Real Madrid career in tears on this day in football
Posted By: Afolayan
It is always going to be a sad day when the time to leave the club you spent the best years of your career comes, but for Real Madrid legend, Iker Casillas, this day in football was significantly sadder to the point he was reduced to tears.
One of the most revered goalkeepers in football history, Casillas was unable to hold back the tears as he announced at a press conference in 2015 that he would be leaving Real Madrid after 25 years.
On the surface, Casillas’ tears could have been attributed to the sadness of having to leave the only club he had known in his career up to that point, but the circumstances surrounding his exit from the Santiago Bernabeu left much to be desired.
Casillas first joined Real Madrid in 1990 and rose up the ranks in the youth set up before his displays earned him a call-up to the first team for a Champions League match in November 1997 at just 16 years old.
He remained in contention for a place in the starting XI afterwards and eventually made his senior debut aged 18 years in a La Liga match against Athletic Bilbao at San Mamés Stadium which ended in a 2–2 draw in September 1999.
Three days later, Casillas made his Champions League debut for the club in the 1999/2000 season and became the youngest ever goalkeeper to feature in the competition at the time when he faced Greek giants, Olympiakos, on September 15 in a group stage encounter.
The goalkeeper would go on to attain legendary status at Real Madrid, making over 700 appearances in all competitions and winning 19 major titles for the club including five La Ligas, two Copas del Rey and three Champions Leagues.
However, Casillas’ last days at Real Madrid were tainted by behind-the-scene battles with then manager, Jose Mourinho, who dropped him as first-choice goalkeeper in December 2012 for Antonio Adan while he eventually lost his place to Diego Lopez who was signed by Real Madrid in January 2013.
Casillas’ situation went on amid rumours that the goalkeeper was leaking internal happenings at the club to reporters, which led to him getting labelled ‘topor’ (roughly translating to ‘mole) by sections of Real Madrid fans.
It was in the same season that Casillas won the IFFHS Best Goalkeeper Award for the fifth consecutive time, making him the only goalkeeper in history to have ever won that award five times (and doing so in a row, too). They are among a host of individual honours he won while at Real Madrid.
Casillas also holds the record for most appearances in the Champions League (177 matches excluding four qualifying games), most appearances in the competition’s group stage, most victories alongside Cristiano Ronaldo (101 games), and first goalkeeper to win 100 Champions League matches among a host of other achievements.
Meanwhile, a former Real Madrid team-mate of Casillas who knows a thing about acrimonious exits is Zinedine Zidane, who inspired France to a first FIFA World Cup title on this day in 1998.
Zidane, whose final game as a professional footballer ended with him getting sent off at the 2006 FIFA World Cup final, scored two goals as Les Bleus overcame Brazil 3-0 at the Stade de France in Paris.
The midfielder, who now coaches Real Madrid, put France ahead with a header in the 27th minute before adding the second in identical fashion seconds before half time.
Fellow midfielder, Emmanuel Petit put the cherry on France’s win by scoring the third in stoppage time to send over 70,000 fans watching in the stadium and millions more following the match into wild celebration.
#ThisDayInFootball2good articleReal Madrid
SUPER EAGLES STARTING XI: Rohr dumps Akpeyi as Uzoho starts final game
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Define "Sensitive Foreign Investment"
Dubai Agrees To Acquire 20% Stake in Nasdaq Market
3 Mideast Nations Seek Major Stakes in West
By Tomoeh Murakami Tse
Washington Post Staff Writer Friday, September 21, 2007; Page D01
NEW YORK, Sept. 20 -- Middle Eastern governments announced a series of billion-dollar deals Thursday that would give them stakes in financial institutions at the heart of Western capitalism, raising concerns in Washington about sensitive foreign investments.
Under a complex three-way deal, the stock exchange owned by the government of Dubai would acquire a 19.9 percent stake in the Nasdaq Stock Market, becoming the first government in the Middle East to own a substantial interest in a U.S. exchange.
--read more--
Tired of life on the sidelines and disinterested in funding the American national debt at rates in constant decline, the Middle East is looking for a better deal.
The transactions are the latest examples of governments of emerging economies, rich in natural resources and with healthy foreign-exchange reserves, buying shares of some of the biggest names in business. In May, as the private-equity firm Blackstone Group took itself public, the Chinese government paid $3 billion to buy a 9.7 percent stake in the IPO.
Washington worries. It's their only remaining stock in trade, since they have become unable to govern. But fear not, you crazy, greedy elected representatives of a nation going to hell. "Tomorrow," as Scarlet O'Hara said, "is another day."
* For more in-depth articles by Jim on Middle East, check out Opinion-Columns.com
Tags: Middle East, nasdaq, stock markets, washington
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Posts Tagged ‘London National Gallery’
Book Review: Thyssen in the 20th Century – Volume 3: “The Thyssens as Art Collectors. Investment and Symbolic Capital (1900-1970)”, by Johannes Gramlich, published by Schöningh Verlag, Germany, 2015
After the ducking and diving and profiteering from other peoples’ death and misery, we will now be looking at the „shinier“ side of the medal, which is the so-called „artistic effort“ alleged to have been made by the Thyssen family. This had more to do with capital flight, the circumvention of foreign exchange controls and the avoidance of paying tax (art collections being described by Gramlich as „a valid means of decreasing tax duties as they are difficult to control“), short-term speculation, capital protection and profit maximisation than it did with any serious appreciation, let alone creation, of art.
Significantly, not a single review of this third book in the series „Thyssen in the 20th Century: The Thyssens as Art Collectors“, which once again constitutes nothing more than the shortened version (at 400 pages!) of a doctoral thesis – this time at the University of Munich – has been posted. Not a single suggestion that this student of history, german and music might not know what he is talking about, since he does not seem to have any previous knowledge of art history or obvious personal talents in the visual arts. Or about the fact that way too much of the art bought by the Thyssens was rubbish. Or that the Thyssens pretended to be Hungarian when they wanted something from Hungary, Swiss when they wanted something from Switzerland, or Dutch when they wanted something from the Netherlands.
In fact if there is one overall message this book appears to propagate it is this: that it is the ultimate achievement to cheat persistently, and as long as you are rich and powerful and immoral enough to continue cheating and myth-making all through your life, you will be just fine. Not least because you can then leave enough money in an endowment to continue to facilitate the burnishing of your reputation, so that the myth-making can continue on your behalf, posthumously. And if by any chance you can take advantage of another person’s distress along the way, so much the better – as Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza is said to have done from the Jewish collections of Herbert Gutmann and Max Alsberg and Fritz Thyssen from those of Julius Kien and Maximilian von Goldschmidt-Rothschild.
But: does anybody find this message acceptable?!
Mysteriously, this book also contains some very derogatory descriptions of the Thyssens’ true characters. Fritz Thyssen is described (in a quote by Christian Nebenhay) as „not very impressive“ and „meaningless“. His brother Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza is said to have been „difficult“, „unpleasant“, „avaricious“, „not always straight in his payment behaviour“ and somebody who „could not find the understanding for needs and aspirations of people who were in a relationship of dependency from him“. Amelie Thyssen is said to have tried to get the historical record bent very seriously as far her husband’s alleged distancing from Nazism was concerned and to have lied about the date of art purchases to avoid the payment of tax.
Fortunately, we did not know any of these second-generation Thyssens personally. But we did know Heini Thyssen, the last directly descended male Thyssen heir, and very well at that. Over the period of some 25 years (Litchfield more than Schmitz) we were lucky enough to be able to spend altogether many months in his company. We both liked and miss him greatly. He was a delightful man with a great sense of humour and sparkling intelligence. What was most astonishing about him, considering his family’s general sense of superiority, was his total lack of arrogance.
Heini Thyssen described the art business to us as „the dirtiest business in the world“. He knew of the secret-mongering of dealers, the hyperboles of auction houses and the dishonesties of experts. It was a choppy sea that he navigated with just the right combination of caution and bravado to be successful. But of course, he also used the art business outrageously in order to invent a new image for himself. The reason why, contrary to his father and uncle, he was extremely successful in this endeavour, was precisely because he was such a likeable man.
But this did not make Heini Thyssen a moral man. He continued to cheat about his nationality, the source and extent of his fortune, his responsibilities and his loyalties just as his father, uncle and aunt (and to some extent his grand-father) had done before him. And now, this series of books continues to perpetuate the very same old myths which have always been necessary to cover the tracks of these robber barons for as long as the modern-day German nation state has existed. The size and claimed value of the Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection also persuaded many members of the international art community and of the general public to accept this duplicity.
The all important Thyssen-owned dutch Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart, for instance, is repeatedly said to have been founded in 1918, when the real date is most likely to have been 1910. This is important because the bank was the primary offshore tool used by the Thyssens to camouflage their German assets and protect their concern and fortune from allied retribution after the first lost war. But the information is precarious because it also implies a massive disloyalty of the Thyssens towards Germany, the country that was, is and always will be the sole original source of their fortune.
And again Heinrich and Heini Thyssen are said to have been Hungarian nationals, presumably because it is meant to excuse why, despite supporting the Nazi war machine that made possible some of the worst atrocities in human history, the Thyssen-Bornemiszas entirely avoided allied retribution after the second lost war also. In reality, Heinrich Thyssen’s Hungarian nationality was highly questionable, for several reasons: because it was originally „bought“, was not maintained through regular visits to the abandoned country, extension papers were issued by Thyssen-sponsored friends and relatives in diplomatic positions and because Heinrich actually maintained his German nationality. In Heini’s case, his status depended entirely on the fact that his mother’s second husband worked at the Hungarian embassy in Berne and procured him the necessary identity papers (a fact that will be plagiarised from our work by „Junior Research Group Leader“ Simone Derix in her forthcoming book on the Thyssens’ fortune and identity, which is based on her habilitation thesis (!) and as such already available – Strangely, despite being volume 4 in the series, her book is now said to be published only following volume 5). To call those Hungarian nationalities legitimate is plainly wrong. And it matters greatly.
When Philip Hendy at the London National Gallery put on an exhibition of paintings from Heini Thyssen’s collection in 1961, Heini apparently told Hendy he could not possibly be showing during the same year as Emil Bührle, because “As you know Bührle was a real German armament king who became Swiss, so it would be very bad for me to get linked up with German armament“. But this was not, as this book makes it sound, because Heini Thyssen did not have anything to do with German armament himself, but precisely because he did! Since this partial source of the Thyssen wealth has now been admitted by both Alexander Donges and Thomas Urban, it is highly questionable that Johannes Gramlich fails to acknowledge this adequately in his work.
Then there are new acknowledgments such as the fact that August Thyssen and Auguste Rodin did not have a close friendship as described in all relevant books so far, but that their relationship was terrible, because of monetary squabbles, artistic incomprehension and public relations opportunism. The only problem with this admission is that, once again, we were the first to establish this reality. Now this book is committing shameless plagiarism on our investigative effort and, under the veil of disallowing us as not pertaining to the „academic“ circle, is claiming the „academic merit“ of being the first to reveal this information for itself.
Another one of our revelations, which is being confirmed in this book, is that the 1930 Munich exhibition of Heinrich’s collection was a disaster, because so many of the works shown were discovered to be fraudulent. Luitpold Dussler in the Bayerischer Kurier and Kunstwart art magazine; Wilhelm Pinder at the Munich Art Historical Society; Rudolf Berliner; Leo Planiscig; Armand Lowengard at Duveen Brothers and Hans Tietze all made very derogatory assessments of the Baron’s collection as „expensive hobby“, „with obviously wrong attributions“, containing „over 100 forgeries, falsified paintings and impossible artist names“, where „the Baron could throw away half the objects“, „400 paintings none of which you should buy today“, „backward looking collection“, „off-putting designations“, „misleading“, „rubbish“, etc. etc. etc. The Baron retaliated by getting the „right-wing press“ (!) in particular to write positive articles about his so-called artistic endeavours, patriotic deed and philanthropic largesse, an altruistic attitude which was not based on fact but solely on Thyssen-financed public relations inputs.
The book almost completely leaves out Heini Thyssen’s art activities which is puzzling since he was by far the most important collector within the dynasty. Instead, a lot of information is relayed which has nothing whatsoever to do with art, such as the fact that Fritz Thyssen bought Schloss Puchhof estate and that it was run by Willi Grünberg. In the words of Gramlich: „Fritz Thyssen advised (Grünberg) to get the maximum out of the farm without consideration for sustainability. As a consequence the land was totally depleted afterwards. The denazification court however came to the conclusion that these methods of exhaustive cultivation were due mainly to the manager who was doing it to get more profit for himself“. Apparently Grünberg also abused at least 100 POWs there during the war but, after a short period of post-war examination, was reinstated as estate manager by Fritz Thyssen. This gives an indication not only of the failings of the denazification proceedings, but also of Thyssen’s concepts of human rights and the non-applicability of general laws to people of his standing.
One is also left wondering why Fritz Thyssen would be said to have bought the biggest estate in Bavaria in 1938, for an over-priced 2 million RM, specifically for his daughter Anita Zichy-Thyssen and son-in-law Gabor Zichy to live in, when Heini Thyssen and his cousin Barbara Stengel told us very specifically that the Zichy-Thyssens, with the help of Hermann Göring, for whom Anita had worked as his personal secretary, left Germany to live in Argentina in 1938, being transported there aboard a German naval vessel. After repeating the old myth that Anita’s family was with her parents when they fled Germany on the eve of World War Two, this book now makes the additional „revelation“ that Anita and her family arrived in Argentina in February 1940, without, however, explaining where they might have been in the meantime, while Fritz and Amelie Thyssen were taken back to Germany by the Gestapo. Of course February 1940 is also the date when Fritz and Amelie, of whom Anita would inherit, were stripped of their German citizenship, a fact that was to become crucial in them being able to regain their German assets after the war.
The defensive attitude of this book is also revealed when Eduard von der Heydt, another Nazi banker, war profiteer and close art investment advisor to the Thyssens, is said to be „still deeply rooted and present in (the Ruhr) in positive connotations, despite all protest and difficulties“. This has to refer not least to the fact – but for some reason does not spell it out – that some Germans, mindful of his role as a Nazi banker, have managed to get the name of the cultural prize of the town of Wuppertal-Elberfeld, where the von der Heydt Museum stands, changed from Eduard von der Heydt Prize to Von der Heydt Prize. Clearly because Willi Grünberg was but a foot soldier and Eduard von der Heydt a wealthy cosmopolitan, Grünberg gets the bad press while von der Heydt receives the diplomatic treatment, in the same way as book 2 of the series (on forced labour) blames managers and foremen and practically exonerates the Thyssens. It is a distorting way of working through Nazi history which should no longer be happening. Meanwhile, Johannes Gramlich is allowed to reveal that in view of revolutionary turmoils in Germany in 1931, Fritz Thyssen sent his collection to Switzerland only for it to be brought back to Germany in the summer of 1933 – as if a stronger indication could possibly be had for his deep satisfaction with Hitler’s ascent to power.
In the same period, Heinrich, after his disastrous 1930 Munich exhibition, teased the Düsseldorf Museum with a „non-committal prospect“ to loan them his collection for a number of years. It is also said that he planned to build an „August Thyssen House“ in Düsseldorf to house his collection permanently. Considering the time and huge effort Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza spent during his entire life and beyond on not being considered a German, it is strange that Johannes Gramlich does not qualify this venture as being either a fake plan or proof of Heinrich’s hidden teutonic loyalties. In view of the dismal quality of Heinrich’s art there was of course no real collection worth being shown at the Düsseldorf Museum at all, which did not, however, stop its Director Dr Karl Koetschau from lobbying for it for years. He was disappointed at Heinrich’s behaviour of stringing them along, which is an episode that leaves even Gramlich to concede: „(the Baron) accepted all benefits and gave nothing in return“. While the „Schloss Rohoncz Collection“ is said to have arrived at his private residence in Lugano from 1934, this book still fails to inform us of the precise timing and logistics of the transfer (some 500 paintings), a grave omission for which there is no excuse. It is also worth remembering that 1934 was the year Switzerland implemented its bank secrecy law, which would have been the ultimate reason why Heinrich chose Lugano as final seat of his „art collection“.
The many painfully obvious omissions in this book are revealing, particularly in the case of Heini Thyssen having a bust made of himself by the artist Nison Tregor when the fact that he also had one made by Arno Breker, Hitler’s favourite sculptor, is left out. But they become utterly inacceptable in the case of the silence about the „aryanisation“ of the Erlenhof stud farm in 1933 (from Oppenheimer to Thyssen-Bornemisza) or the involvement of Margit Batthyany-Thyssen, together with her SS-lovers, in the atrocity on 180 Jewish slave labourers at the SS-requisitioned but Thyssen-funded Rechnitz castle estate in March 1945. Both matters continue to remain persistently unmentioned and thus form cases of Holocaust denial which are akin to the efforts of one David Irving.
It is also astonishing how the author seems to have a desperate need for mystifying the question of the financing of Heinrich Thyssen’s collection, when Heini Thyssen told us very clearly that his father did this through a loan from his own bank, Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart. This fact is very straightforward, yet Johannes Gramlich makes it sound so complicated that one can only think this must be because he wants to make it appear like Thyssen had money available in some kind of holy grail-like golden pot somewhere that had nothing to do with Thyssen companies and confirmed that he really was descended from some ancient, aristocratic line as he would have liked (and in his own head believed!) to have done.
The equally unlikely fact is purported that all the details of every single one of the several thousand pieces of art purchased by the Thyssens has been entered by „the team“ into a huge database containing a sophisticated network of cross-referenced information. Yet, in the whole of this book, the author mentions only a handful of the actual contents of Thyssen pictures. Time and time again the reader is left with the burning question: why, as the subject was so important to the Thyssens, did they leave it to such an unenlightened man rather than an experienced art historian to write about it? Is it because it is easier to get such a person to write statements such as “personal documents (of Fritz Thyssen) were destroyed during the confiscation of his fortune by the National Socialists and his business documents were mainly destroyed by WWII bombing“, because the organisation does not want to publish the true details of Fritz and Amelie’s wartime life? (one small tip: the bad bad Nazis threw them in a concentration camp and left them to rot is definitely not what happened). Or because he is prepared to write: „The correspondence of Hans Heinrich (Heini Thyssen) referring to art has been transmitted systematically from 1960 onwards“ and „for lack of sources, it is not possible to establish who was responsible for the movements in the collection inventory during the 1950s“ , because for a man whose assets are alleged to have been expropriated until 1955, it would be difficult to explain why he was able to buy and deal with expensive art before then?
Was Dr Gramlich commissioned because a man with his lack of experience can write about „APC“ being an American company that Heini Thyssen’s company was “negotiating with”, because he does not know that the letters stand for „Alien Property Custodian“? Or because time and time and time again he will praise the „outstanding quality“ of the Thyssens’ collections, despite the fact that far too many pictures, including Heinrich’s „Vermeer“ and „Dürer“ or Fritz’s „Rembrandt“ and „Fragonard“ turned out to be fakes? The Lost Art Coordination Point in Magdeburg, by the way, describes this Fragonard as having been missing since 1945 from Marburg. But Gramlich says it has been missing since 1965 from the Fritz Thyssen Collection in Munich, when it was “only valued at 3.000 Deutschmarks any longer, because its originality was now questioned”.
At one point, Gramlich writes about the „two paintings by Albrecht Dürer“ in the Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection without naming either of them. He describes that one of them was sold by Heini Thyssen in 1948. It went to the American art collector Samuel H Kress and finally to the Washington National Gallery. What Gramlich does not say is that this was in fact “Madonna with Child“. The other one remained in the Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection and can still be viewed at the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid to this day under the title „Jesus among the Scribes“. Only, it has received a highly damning appraisal by one of the world’s foremost Dürer experts, Dr Thomas Schauerte; Johannes Gramlich does not tell his readers about this.
The truth in all this is that no matter how many books and articles (and there have been many!) are financed by Thyssen money to tell us that Heini Thyssen bought German expressionist art in order to show how „anti-Nazi“ he was, such a thing is not actually possible and is not even believable after the Nazi period. It is ludicrous to say that August Thyssen saw Kaiser Wilhelm II as „Germany’s downfall“, since he had the Kaiser’s picture on his wall and started buying into the Bremer Vulkan submarine- producing shipyard in 1916, specifically in order to profit from the Kaiser’s war. And it is not believable, in view of Fritz Thyssen’s deeply-held antisemitism, to say he helped Jakob Goldschmidt to take some of his art out of Germany in 1934, because he was such a loyal friend of this Jewish man. Fritz Thyssen helped Jakob Goldschmidt despite him being Jewish and only because Goldschmidt was an incredibly well-connected and thus indispensable international banker – who in turn helped the Thyssens save their assets from allied retribution after WWII.
All the Thyssens have ever done with art – and this book, despite aiming to do the contrary, does in fact confirm it – is to have used art in order to camouflage not just their taxable assets, but themselves as well. They have used art to hide the problematic source of parts of their fortune, as well as the fact they were simple parvenus. In the same way as Professor Manfred Rasch is not an independent historian but only a Thyssen filing clerk (the way he repeatedly gets his „academic“ underlings to include disrespectful remarks about us in their work is highly unprofessional), so the Thyssens are not, never have been and never will be „autodidactic“ „connoisseurs“. And that is because art does not happen on a cheque book signature line but is, in its very essence, the exact opposite of just about anything the Thyssens, with a few exceptions, have ever stood for.
As Max Friedländer summarised it, their kind of attitude was that of: „the vain desire, social ambition, speculation for rise in value….of ostentatiously presenting one’s assets…..so that this admiration of the assets reflects back on the owner himself“. Despite the best efforts of the Thyssen machine to present a favourable academic evaluation of the Thyssens’ art collecting jaunts, in view of their infinitely immoral standards, the assurances of both the aesthetic qualities and investment value of their „art collections“, as mentioned so nauseatingly frequently in this book, are of no consequence whatsoever. The only thing that is relevant is that the extent of the family’s industrial wealth was so vast, that the pool of pretence for both them and their art was limitless. Thus their intended camouflage through culture failed and the second-generation Thyssens in particular ended up being exposed as Philistines.
Tags: academic merit, Albrecht Dürer, Alexander Donges, Alien Property Custodian, allied retribution, Amelie Thyssen, Anita Zichy-Thyssen, antisemitism, Argentina, Armand Lowengard, Arno Breker, art business, art collection, artist names, aryanisation, attributions, auction houses, August Thyssen, August Thyssen House, Auguste Rodin, bank secrecy, Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart, Barbara Stengel, Bavaria, Bayerischer Kurier, Berne, Bremer Vulkan, camouflage, capital flight, capital protection, Christian Nebenhay, David Irving, doctoral thesis, Dr Karl Koetschau, Dr Thomas Schauerte, Düsseldorf Museum, Duveen Brothers, Eduard von der Heydt, Emil Bührle, Erlenhof stud farm, exhaustive cultivation, Forced Labour, foreign exchange controls, forgeries, Fragonard, Fritz Thyssen, Fritz Thyssen Collection, Gabor Zichy, German armament, German citizenship, German expressionist art, German nationality, Germany, Gestapo, Hans Tietze, Heini Thyssen, Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, Herbert Gutmann, Hermann Göring, Holocaust denial, Hungarian embassy, Hungarian nationality, Hungary, investment value, Jakob Goldschmit, Jesus among the Scribes, Jewish collections, Jewish forced labourers, Johannes Gramlich, Julius Kien, Junior Research Group Leader, Kunstwart art magazine, lack of sources, Leo Planiscig, London National Gallery, Lost Art, Lost Art Coordination Point, Lugano, Luitpold Dussler, Madonna with Child, Madrid, Magdeburg, Manfred Rasch, Marburg, Margit Batthyany-Thyssen, Max Alsberg, Max Friedländer, Maximilian von Goldschmidt-Rothschild, Munich, Munich Art Historical Society, Munich exhibition, myth-making, nationality, Nazi history, Nazism, Nison Tregor, Oppenheimer, originality, parvenus, Philip Hendy, Philistines, Plagiarism, profit, profit maximisation, public relations, Rechnitz Castle, Rembrandt, robber barons, Rudolf Berliner, Samuel H Kress, Schloss Puchhof, Schloss Rohoncz Collection, short-term speculation, Simone Derix, social ambition, SS, submarine-producing shipyard, sustainability, Switzerland, tax, taxable assets, teutonic loyalties, the Netherlands, Thomas Urban, Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection, University of Munich, Vermeer, von der Heydt Museum, Washington National Gallery, Wilhelm II, Wilhelm Pinder, Willi Grünberg, World War Two, Wuppertal-Elberfeld
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Home » Testimonies » From the clergy
Fr. Joseph Iannuzzi
This is a transcript from a 12 minute interview has been provided courtesy of True Life in God Radio
My name is Reverend Joseph Leo Iannuzzi, from Rome, Italy where I’ve been studying for the last twenty one years, interspersed with pastoral assignments abroad. I recently finished a doctoral dissertation at the pontificial university in Rome entitled, “The Operation of the Divine and Human Will in the Writings of the Servant of God, Luisa Piccarreta – an Inquiry into the Early Ecumenical Councils and Patristic and Scholastic Theology”. I’m here to speak on the importance of the True Life in God Messages as dictated by Our Lord to his scribe, Vassula Ryden.
Why are these messages important? Because the one public revelation that Christ preached to his apostles and that his apostles transmitted to us (kerygma ton apostolon) is continually being explicated by the Holy Spirit that Christ promised to send us so that we may come to the knowledge of “all the truth”. Before departing from this world Jesus told his disciples: “I still have many things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now. But when the Spirit of truth comes, He will teach you all the truth ” (Jn. 16:12). Among these “things” Jesus did not tell his disciples are the teachings of the TLIG messages, which the Holy Spirit of truth continues to explicate to Vassula. Although such TLIG messages on unity, love, mercy, intimacy with the Trinity and a holy fear of God are implied in Scripture, they are explicated in Vassula’s messages.
We find in Sacred Scripture that if everything that Christ said was contained in Scripture, there would not be enough libraries on earth to contain all of his teachings (Jn. 21.25) – to suggest that although Christ gave us everything we need for salvation and holiness, not everything is fully understood or fully “explicated”. I here recall the Catechism of the Catholic Church which states the following: “No new public revelation is to be expected before the glorious coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. Yet even if revelation is already complete, it had not been completely explicit; it remains for Christian faith gradually to grasp its full significance over the course of the centuries” (CCC, 66).
In this article, one discovers the progressive disclosure (explication) of public revelation. If, on the one hand, article 66 relates that Jesus revealed to us everything we need for salvation and no new “public” revelation (the Deposit of Faith) is to be expected, on the other hand, it affirms that not everything in the public revelation of Christ was revealed to us “explicitly”!
Church documents of the past 2,000 years further testify to the continuing, ongoing disclosure of public revelation, as such documents never affirm God’s revelation has “ended” with Christ, but rather that Christ’s public revelation is “constituted”. In point of fact, the term constituted doesn’t signify “end” at all, but instead it means that the foundation of revelation is established in Christ once and for all. While private revelation can never match Sacred Scripture, for Sacred Scripture is forever the irreplaceable and inerrant foundation of our faith, private revelation assists Scripture and even Tradition in their role of continuously explicating “over the course of the centuries” and through the guidance of the Holy Spirit, God’s revealed truths. Now, the work of the Spirit’s explication of revelation occurs through the official teaching voice of the Church (Magisterium) and through the office of prophet (e.g., Vassula, through whom the Church today receives private revelations) whom St. Paul lists immediately after the office of apostle: “God has appointed in his Church first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, fourth miracles…” (1 Cor. 12:28).
To better grasp the complimentarity between public and private revelation, let the human eye represent public revelation, and a magnifying glass represent private revelation. Now, if I were to look at a blade of grass with the human eye, I would not see all the veins in that blade of grass as closely and with as much detail as I would with a magnifying glass. So public revelation, represented by the human eye, is clarified and is explicated by private revelation, represented by the magnifying glass. And it is in this sense that private revelation reveals to the human mind those truths of Christ that, while contained in the one public revelation of Christ, were never fully disclosed or comprehended.
That private revelations contributed to certain doctrinal formulations among the scholastic theologians is evident in the writings of Ss. Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure, both of whom referred to private revelations when postulating the institution of the Sacrament of Confirmation. Also, the female mystics Ss. Bridget of Sweden and Catherine of Siena exhorted the true pope to return from Avignon to Rome, and guess what, the pope listened to them, thereby punctuating the importance of private revelations.
These are but few of the many examples that tell us why the Church’s private revelations – when they are well respected by scores of theologians and bishops, like those of Vassula – are of such tremendous value today, which constitute the continuing and ongoing unfolding of Christ’s public revelation. Their importance is further witnessed in the spiritually devastating consequences that would have ensued if the Church had ignored them: Had the Church ignored the private revelations of St. Margaret Mary, we would not have Christ’s assurance that we may peacefully die in the state of grace with the grace of final repentance (cf. 12th promise of the 1st Friday Devotions); had the Church ignored the private revelations of St. Faustina, we would not have the Feast of Divine Mercy that grants a total remission of all sin and punishment; had the Church ignored the private revelations of the Servant of God Luisa Piccarreta, we would not have the new mystical gift to the “Living in the Divine Will”.
As in the past, so today Christ comes to us through his prophet Vassula with a message of unity. He wants us to join under the one banner of Jesus Christ. Christ is calling all of us to unite through these the TLIG messages by way of love. However, he asks us all to bend. He reminds us that he would never break our human will. Therefore, he wants us to freely bend our wills so that we might choose unity, and in so doing, forge together our love and compassion in order to join under the one banner of Christ.
Now, this unity doesn’t in any way denigrate the independent rites of different denominations of the Orthodox, of the Protestants, or of the Catholics; it respects these rites. Such rites are encouraged to continue, but we are to join in our common belief. Why? Because Satan’s dictum is “divide and conquer”, whereas Jesus’ dictum is “unite and conquer”! So in uniting in one belief, we will stave off the impending disaster that threatens our world today and the faith of our children. If we unite, we will have more impact in the political world and in religious arena, and dispose ourselves for the era of peace that our Lady prophesied at Fatima.
Therefore, we can respect and eagerly embrace the iconography of the Eastern Orthodox Church, which they look to in many respects as a font of revelation, and to their profoundly rich patrimony of literature on “divinization” and mystical union with the Trinity; we can respect and embrace the scriptural contributions of the Protestants and their well-preserved charismatic gifts that enable us to deepen our faith and develop our gifts received in Confirmation. In sum, the Catholics, the Orthodox, the Protestants, all of us who are in God’s eyes Christian brothers, are asked by the Son of God himself to join NOW under the one banner of Jesus Christ. Without placing superiority or inferiority on these different roles that we all occupy in the Church, we can humbly acknowledge that we are all equal in God’s eyes, while carrying out different roles. And all we need to do is freely bend our human wills so that God’s Divine Will can reign in us. All it takes is two things: intention and desire; we have to have an intention to unite and a desire to make it happen. Then, little by little, we will begin to establish on earth the New Jerusalem, the New Heavens and the New Earth.
Given the foregoing, one can readily see that the True Life in God messages are part and parcel of the Church’s scriptural teachings and traditions. They are messages not meant for a thousand years ago, but for today! The way God spoke through his apostles and through his prophets, is now being spoken through the messages of Vassula. Let us thank God the Father for these revelations of his Son Jesus Christ through his secretary of True Life in God, Vassula Ryden, who writes under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, and let us receive them with spirit of docility to the Spirit of truth who is speaking to his Church today. May God bless you.
Rev. J. L. Iannuzzi
1. A collection of short testimonies from clergy around the world
2. Cardinal Napier. Meeting with Vassula
3. Bishop Anil Couto, Bishop of Jalandhar, Punjab, India
4. Archbishop Vincent Concessao, Archbishop of New Delhi, India
5. Fr. Joseph Iannuzzi
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www.dessinacademy.com › No.❶ Drawing Classes For Kids in Srirangam › Current dir
Drawing Classes For Kids in Srirangam
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http://www.dessinacademy.com/drawing-classes-for-kids-srirangam.php
Drawing Classes in Srirangam
The Dessin Academy was founded in Chennai as an Institute of Fine Arts in 2004. Begun more than 12 years ago with just 4 students, the Dessin Academy has today evolved into an institution catering to more than 2000 students spread over 50 branches all over India. The Dessin Academy is an institute that nurtures young artists, gives wings to their boundless imagination and seeks to motivate them in the field of art and design.
The Dessin Academy is run under the able guidance of its Founder/Director Mr. R. Rajendran MFA and a core group of dedicated faculty members who embrace diverse styles and working methods. This institute, in a reflection of the various age groups of its students, who range from 3 year olds to 60 year youths, offers a wide spectrum of courses. These are (i) Fundamental Course Level-1 & 2 (ii) Intermediate Course Level 1 & 2 (iii) Advanced Course
Its students have participated in several state and national level competitions and, more often than not, have walked away with the highest honours. The institute conducts an exhibition of its students work every year, with a maximum of 36 students participating, each of whom presents 6 paintings. The Dessin Academy is a place where experimentation, ideas and concepts are encouraged to freely develop.
Learn Drawing Classes in Srirangam
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The Herald©
The Individual vs the State
"Big bad; small good"
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The Stains of Social Justice
by Steve Murphy
Diamond Sky Institute, 6/23/2014 12:05:50 AM
The United Nations defines social justice as "the fair and compassionate distribution of the fruits of economic growth." Furthermore, social justice is impossible "without strong and coherent redistributive policies conceived and implemented by public agencies." Social justice is an axiom held dearly by socialists -- apparently reconciled by the belief that great wealth and prosperity would have been created in places such as North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela, if only the "strong and coherent redistributive policies" had been, well, stronger and more coherent. In reality, social justice brings stagnation and decline, which, to socialists, look like fruit -- ever ripening into new and increasingly meddlesome forms of social justice. To socialists, the distribution of poverty and despair (even abysmal poverty and despair) is acceptable, as long as they are doing the distributing.
The socialists (more precisely, eco-socialists) in charge of US current redistribution have managed to create a new American phenomenon: permanent economic stagnation. While speaking at the November, 2013 IMF Economic Forum, Harvard University economist, Larry Summers, was puzzled as to why, after four years, the US economy had not yet recovered. Noting that efforts to prevent a future crisis might be counter-productive, he concluded his speech by saying, "We may well need, in the years ahead, to think about how we manage an economy in which the zero nominal interest rate is a chronic and systemic inhibitor of economic activity, holding our economies back, below their potential."
Translation: even at extremely low interest rates, bank lending has been flat since 2009 because businesses are afraid to invest in an economy tainted by socialist mischief. Since social justice (delivered through the redistributive policies of Climate Change, the Stimulus, Obamacare, Dodd-Frank, etc.) is "a chronic and systemic inhibitor of economic activity;" we need to think about how to manage future stagnation, after some unspecified number of "years ahead" in continuation of the current stagnation.
Think about that. In the election year of 2008, we had a do-something-about-it-now problem. Today, in 2014, as the stagnation persists, is Washington ready to do something about it? No. Will Washington be ready to do something in the years ahead? No. But, by then, it will be ready to think about it. Maybe. The 2008 promises of jobs and economic growth were replaced by the vast warm, fuzziness of social justice vagaries such as equality, diversity, fairness, dignity, renewability and sustainability. What happened to the grandiose 2008 plan for economic revitalization? In 2009, eco-socialist lawyers and academics reached into their magic hat of "strong and coherent redistributive policies" and pulled out a plan to build a new economy. Why fix an outdated economy that was driven by greed, racism, over-consumption, and planet-heating "fuels of yesterday"? Today, more than five years into the new economy of stultifying compassionate distribution, they reached back in and pulled out a Plan B: inurement.
But as this elite cabal was settling into a genial Washington D.C., their big heads bubbling with theories (touted by bigger-headed sociologists and environmentalists) on how to build a shiny, new economy, a handful of crass entrepreneurs was settling into the rude world of fracking, creating an oil and gas revolution that would blight the dreamscape of the social justice crowd. The New York Times article "North Dakota Went Boom" eloquently describes the discovery and development of the Bakken Shale Formation in western North Dakota, a rugged, empty area, blemished by "roaring fires and messy drill pads." But the blemishes are producing a flood of jobs, prosperity and cheap energy, infuriating eco-socialists, who have produced but a trickle of anything with their centrally planned economy of government-approved renewable energy. Then there is the horror that the great wealth befalling North Dakota is the result of "an economic imperative that dates back to the triumph of the treaty breakers who usurped the Native Americans and commodified the land, and to the waves that came in their wake, the great white hunters who cleaned out the buffalo." God have mercy. Has there ever been social justice in North Dakota?
Eco-socialists are unwanted in North Dakota, where household income is $2,214 higher than the national average, unemployment is the nation's lowest, and budget surpluses accrue, even after major income tax cuts (of more than 50% since 2009). But many of them can be found at its border, weeping over economic fruits they are helpless to distribute. Tears blind them to "the allure of a derrick dressed up in lights and looming 10 stories over a desolate landscape where the leading academic solution to social and economic stagnation had been to surrender and let the land lapse into buffalo commons." Alas, the North Dakota buffalo commons is a strain to the vision of prying eco-socialists peering into the state. It is a pathetically small plot (only 4% of North Dakota is federal land), barely large enough to hold a respectable climate change sit-in, without its whimpers being heard in at least a few of the more than 6000 wealth-producing drilling sites on private land, where 90% of the wells reside. Other eco-socialists are faced with the task of hawking income inequality or green jobs (such as solar panel installation at $38,000 per year) to the sullied hordes of climate deniers rushing into the state, on their way to oil and gas fields, where the average annual wage is $90,225.
It has been said that veterans of the oil patch can estimate the productive capacity of an oil well from the size of its flare gas flame (which burns off natural gas contained in the well). A seasoned eco-socialist can no doubt make a similar estimate based on the size of the yellow puddle at his stomping feet, as he rages against the carbon emissions that flaring spews into the atmosphere. Out of self-interest, oil companies eventually build gas gathering pipelines that channel the gas to a processing plant, where they make even more money -- selling the gas. But for wells on federal land, these pipelines require the bureaucratic approval of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) -- the same law that has delayed the Keystone XL Pipeline for more than five years. Oil companies, therefore, are forced to flare off gas while they wait for their permits. In Wyoming, for example, the average wait time is seven years. According Forbes Magazine, the state's "lost opportunity cost associated with the delay of oil and natural gas development is $22 billion in labor income and $90 billion in economic output over a ten-year period." Not a problem, when social justice is at stake.
Under social justice policies, GDP growth during the "recovery" has averaged 2% annually, dropping to an alarming -2.9% in the most recent quarter. This is stagnation. But to eco-socialists, it is not failure. It is merely an economic aberration that their intellectuals will have to think about managing in the years ahead. In the world of social justice, success is not measured by wealth, growth, jobs, or income; the expansion of "strong and coherent redistributive policies" is the only yardstick. Accordingly, with $17 trillion of debt, medium household income down 8.3%, labor participation down to 62.8% (the lowest since 1978), and 46.5 million Americans living in poverty, eco-socialists shamelessly exclaim that we are "heading in the right direction."
And that they have "more work to do." That work largely involves stifling the US oil and gas industry -- the only bright spot in an otherwise moribund economy. While forging the new green economy, eco-socialists have suppressed oil (down 6%) and gas (down 28%) production on federal land. Fortunately for our stagnating economy, oil and gas production has increased dramatically (61% and 33%, respectively) on non-federal land. Thanks to entrepreneurs such as Harold Hamm (who discovered the prolific Bakken "play") and innovators who developed fracking and horizontal drilling, the US oil and gas revolution has created well over one million jobs, reduced annual oil imports by 800 million barrels, slashed our annual energy bill by $100 billion, and cut carbon emissions by 300 million tons. It has also increased GDP by more than 1.7% -- a contribution without which eco-socialists could not claim (at least not shamelessly) that we are "heading in the right direction."
While most of us celebrate these achievements, eco-socialists fear them. Their vision of social justice calls for our vast oil and gas resources to "lapse into buffalo commons." Otherwise, the income inequality gap might widen or the earth's temperature might rise (by the end of the century) or a flame might shoot out of someone's faucet, etc. Besides, the economic contributions from the oil and gas revolution amplify the failure of their immense, whimsical green energy investments, and expose the disingenuous tenets of their overreaching scheme to rebuild the US economy. According to the insightful Hamm, “That’s why these guys are raising so much hell, because suddenly they realize that everything they’ve invested in isn’t going to work ... They know they’re misleading the public.”
Nevertheless, the social justice parade marches forward. Armed with NEPA, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Endangered Species Act, and other social justice regulations, eco-socialists won't be happy until our utility bills "necessarily skyrocket" and the price of US gasoline matches the price in Europe -- thereby paving the way for government-approved solar panels, windmills and electric cars. Forget about oil and gas. They are yesterday's fuels, dirty and finite. We will have renewable energy in a sustainable economy, even if it takes permanent stagnation to get there.
The good news is that America's oil and gas boom is winning. Eco-socialists, in denial of its benefits, are resigned to the desperate hope that it will be like other booms -- short-lived. But estimates of its increasing longevity have revealed a brown stain on the seat of the pants of eco-socialism. There is no stagnation in North Dakota, where energy experts expect the Bakken play to last for 100 years or more. There, the odor of flare gas is preferable to the stench of socialism and, with an annual salary of $90,000, oil field workers can buy all of the social justice they need.
This sentiment, of course, is shared by Texas, home to the Eagle Ford and the Permian Basin, and the leading oil and natural gas producing state in the nation. And recent breakthroughs in drilling technologies have the boom spreading to Oklahoma, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico, where the combined shale oil production has increased 57% in the last three years -- causing, no doubt, a proportionate enlargement of that nasty brown stain. Mr. Hamm -- whose oil company is developing a drill pad packing technique that could put more than 100,000 wells into North Dakota -- would probably estimate a much larger and darker stain.
Social justice leads to stagnation, which leads to scarcity, which leads to rationing, which is what eco-socialists do best -- with their "strong and coherent redistributive policies." They believe that through such policies we now have affordable health care, a kinder Wall St, a cutting edge renewable energy industry, and a world-class education system. Soon, electric vehicles will pour out of a rejuvenated Detroit, millions of Americans will work at high-paying green jobs, and solar panels and windmills will bring us energy independence. By then, their economists may have begun thinking about how to manage the permanent stagnation. That is their story, and they are sticking to it, even if it means squandering the world's most prolific source of fossil fuel energy, a resource that, if properly exploited, could revitalize the economy overnight, increase the wealth of every one of us, and finance self-help programs for anyone still afflicted by social injustice.
Nothing will change the minds of eco-socialists. But America's enormous, expanding oil and gas revolution may eventually make them change their pants.
Mr. Murphy can be contacted at sfm@hiwaay.net
© 2019 Diamond Sky All rights reserved.
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http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/world/lima-group-says-won-t-recognize-new-maduro-mandate-peru/article/540221
Lima Group countries say won't recognize new Maduro mandate
Posted Jan 4, 2019 by Luis Jaime CISNEROS (AFP)
Foreign ministers from 12 Latin American countries and Canada said Friday their governments would not accept Nicolas Maduro as Venezuela's president when he is sworn in for a second six-year term next week.
A group of Latin American countries says they will not recognize Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro's mandate for a new six year term
Francisco BATISTA, Venezuelan Presidency/AFP/File
The 14-member Lima Group -- with the exception of Mexico -- said it would not grant recognition to Maduro's hardline socialist government, after meeting in the Peruvian capital to discuss ways to step up international pressure on the regime, which has presided over the oil-rich country's economic collapse.
Peru's Foreign Minister Nestor Popolizio said the group had delivered "a strong political message" ahead of Maduro's inauguration on January 10.
Maduro was re-elected on May 20 in a ballot boycotted by the main opposition parties and widely condemned by the international community, including the United States which called it a "sham."
"The main message is undoubtedly the non-recognition of the Venezuelan regime's new term," Popolizio told reporters.
"It is very important that the Lima Group has issued this statement to continue exerting pressure with a view to the restoration of democracy in Venezuela," the Peruvian minister said.
The Group, of which Canada is a member, said Maduro should temporarily transfer power to the opposition-controlled National Assembly until free elections can be held.
"Nicolas Maduro is urged not to assume the presidency, to respect the powers of the assembly and to temporarily transfer power until new elections are held," Popolizio said.
Venezuela hit back at the Lima Group, accusing it of fomenting a coup at the behest of the US, which has sanctioned Venezuelan officials and entities.
Caracas expressed its "great bewilderment at the extravagant declaration of a group of countries of the American continent which, after receiving instructions from the United States through a videoconference, have agreed to encourage a coup d'etat," according to a statement read by Venezuela's foreign minister, Jorge Arreaza.
The United States, which is not a member of the group created after deadly anti-Maduro protests in 2017, participated in the meeting for the first time. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo commented by video conference from Washington.
The arrival in power of a new far-right government in Brazil under President Jair Bolsonaro is likely to harden regional opposition to Maduro.
Bolsonaro, who has aligned himself with Washington by expressing hostility towards "authoritarian regimes," said Thursday he was open to discussing his country's becoming home to a US military base "in the future."
Venezuela recently hosted the Russian Air Force, including long-range nuclear bombers, for joint military exercises -- a move that stoked regional tensions.
- Cutting diplomatic ties -
(L-R) Chile's Foreign Minister Roberto Ampuero, Canada's Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Foreign Affairs Andrew Leslie and Brazil's Foreign Minister Ernesto Araujo take part at the Lima Group meeting
Cris BOURONCLE, AFP
The Lima Group action coincides with a statement from Venezuela's opposition-dominated but toothless National Assembly, which said it would not recognize the "illegitimate" Maduro when he takes office.
"We are facing a man who stole an election. We will not have more than a usurper (as president). Neither Venezuelans nor foreigners can recognize Maduro as president," opposition deputy Delsa Solorzano told AFP.
Separately, the Secretary General of the Organization of American States, Luis Almagro, called on Twitter for the international community not to recognize Maduro.
Maduro, who was handpicked by Socialist president Hugo Chavez to succeed him when he died in 2013, was re-elected in May after early elections called by the Constituent Assembly, a body created by Maduro which has in practice replaced the legislature.
The Lima Group statement reiterated its support for the National Assembly, which it recognizes as Venezuela's "constitutionally elected body."
Washington has recently stepped up contacts with South American states dealing with the influx of migrants -- around one million to Colombia alone -- from Venezuela's worsening economic crisis.
Pompeo was in Cartagena earlier this week for talks with Colombian President Ivan Duque. Both officials have denounced Maduro's "dictatorship" and agreed to step up efforts to isolate his government diplomatically.
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The Albany Movement was formed on Nov. 17, 1961 when, led by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, various civil rights organizations came together to challenge segregation and work for voting rights.
Martin Luther King, Free Speech, and the Albany Movement
Albany Movement Leaders. presence certainly bolstered the scale of the existing protests, with up to 1,200 black residents spending time in jail (sources on the mass jailing numbers vary, from 750 to 1,200). Movement disorders are a group of conditions characterized by loss of normal movement or the presence of abnormal movements.
Although weakness may be a symptom, movement disorders typically result in other problems including slowed movement, difficulty with smooth, coordinated movement or involuntary movement.We pride ourselves on providing you with highly specialized training and services while still keeping it personal.
Wiki: Albany Movement - upcScavenger
Today in Georgia History November 25, 1961 Albany Movement
The Albany Movement was a desegregation campaign formed on November 17, 1961, in Albany, Georgia.The NAACP believed that fighting the batals legally would be best.
The Albany Movement Timeline - GA History
This law mandated the Library of Congress and the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC) to conduct a survey of existing civil rights oral-history collections and enhance these collections by.
Before Birmingham and Selma, Ala., became benchmarks for change during the Civil Rights Movement, the tiny town of Albany, Ga., was a testing ground for desegregation in the early 1960s.
Civil Rights Movement History & Timeline, 1961
Albany Civil Rights Movement Museum at Old Mount Zion
Albany Movement | jfkplusfifty
Later, he was recognized as a renowned osteopathic physician, educator, surgeon, and hospital administrator. The Nashville sit-in movement is widely regarded as one of the most successful and sustained student-directed sit-in campaigns of the Civil Rights movement. 1961 Albany Movement.
Interview - The Albany Movement:A Turning Point in Civil
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Albany Movement meeting announcement flyer, date unknown
The first main objective of the Albany Movement which started in October of 1961 in Albany, Georgia, was to desegregate the bus system.Browse albany movement pictures, photos, images, GIFs, and videos on Photobucket.The Civil Rights History Project collection is a direct result of the 2009 Civil Rights History Project Act.
Testimonials | Albany Movement and Fitness
A coalition of black improvement associations and student activists from SNCC and Albany State College, the protest group set an unprecedented goal: the desegregation of an entire community, from bus stations to lunch counters.
The Albany Movement Timeline October 1961 - Charles Sherrod becomes the leader of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee in Southwest Georgia November 1961 - Civil Rights activists lead a series of protests, gatherings, and marches to end segregation in Albany, Georgia.In October 1961, SNCC field secretaries Charles Sherrod and Cordell Reagon, later joined by Charles Jones, traveled to Albany, Georgia where local citizens, especially students at Albany State College (today Albany State University), an HBCU, were heating up the civil rights struggle.Their actions do not gather sustained attention and they fail to achieve their goals. Albany (GA) is famous for popular attractions like Albany Civil Rights Movement Museuem.From Birmingham to Nashville, people were jailed, brutalized, and even murdered for one cause-equality.Marker Text: The Albany Movement began here, at Shiloh Baptist Church, in November 1961.Albany Police Chief Laurie Pritchett had the demonstrators arrested.
It was the first mass movement in the modern civil rights era to have as its goal the desegregation of an entire community, and it resulted in the jailing of more than 1,000 African Americans in Albany and surrounding rural counties.The Albany Movement formed in 1961 in Albany, Georgia, as a collaboration between local activists, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).
Events of the Civil Rights Movement - University System of
Anderson was born in Americus, Georgia on December 12, 1927, to Emma Jean Gilchrist and John.
Song Is by Randy G from Slave House Featuring the Lengendary Ole-E from Trap Trakz who also produced the track.
About | Albany Movement and Fitness
According to traditional accounts, the Albany Movement began in fall 1961 and ended in summer 1962.Members of numerous civil rights groups mobilize to challenge segregation in Albany, Ga.The Albany Civil Rights Institute is a museum and research center that includes the rehabilitated Old Mount Zion Baptist Church, which was home to the Albany Movement supported by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the NAACP and the Congress for Racial Equality.
Albany Movement - Sam's GA studies - Google Sites
Georgia Historical Society to dedicate historical Marker
In the summer of 1961 King was a supporter of the Freedom Rides, a campaign of bus trips from north to south, intended to desegregate bus stations and lunch counters simply through the use of them.
Background: In November 1961, residents of Albany, Georgia, launched an ambitious campaign to eliminate segregation in all facets of local life.
The Albany Movement | NewseumED
The Albany Movement - video dailymotion
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
I recently finished reading The Autobiography of Martin Luther King, Jr. edited by Clayborne Cars.He went to prison in Dec. 1961, sent back to his hometown, on charges of an unlawful march, that in the view of him, King and others was a walk to hold prayers at city hall in Albany.The creation of the Albany Movement At the end of 1961 African American leaders in Albany felt that there was a need to coordinate separated efforts from numerous groups protesting for desegregation therefore the Albany Movement was formed.
albany movement | The Timesheet Chronicles
Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-1963 (New York: Simon. The movement captured national attention one month later when local leaders invited Martin Luther King, Jr. to join the protest.WALB (Television station: Albany, Ga.) Description Image of demonstrators protesting the imprisonment of fellow protestors by Albany, Georgia police sheriff Laurie Pritchett during the Albany Movement.
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Ganglion cysts are the commonest type of swelling the hand. They contain a thick clear liquid called synovial fluid, which is the body’s lubricant in joints and in the tunnels through which some tendons run. Although ganglion cysts can arise from any joint or tendon tunnel, there are four common locations in the hand and wrist – in the middle of the back of the wrist, on the front of the wrist at the base of the thumb, at the base of a finger on the palm side, and on the back of an end joint of a finger.
What is the cause?
A ganglion cyst arises when the synovial fluid leaks out of a joint or tendon tunnel and forms a swelling beneath the skin. The cause of the leak is generally unknown.
A swelling becomes noticeable. It may or may not be painful.
How is the diagnosis made?
The diagnosis is usually straightforward as ganglion cysts tend to be smooth and round, change in size from time to time and occur at characteristic locations in the hand and wrist. If the diagnosis is uncertain, x-rays or scans may be helpful.
What is the treatment?
Ganglion cysts are harmless and can safely be left alone. Many disappear spontaneously and many others cause little trouble.
For ganglion cysts in general, the possibilities for treatment:
1. Explanation, reassurance, wait to see if the cyst disappears spontaneously
2. Removal of the liquid contents of the cyst with a needle (aspiration) under local anaesthetic
3. Surgical removal of the cyst
4. Ultrasound and Laser therapy techniques have been beneficial at reducing the size of the ganglion cyst.
For any individual cyst, the recommendations for treatment will depend on the location of the cyst and on the symptoms that it is causing.
Dorsal wrist ganglion cyst. Typically occurs in young adults and often disappears spontaneously. Aspiration can reduce the swelling but it often returns. The risk of recurrence after surgery is around 10%, and problems after surgery include persistent pain, loss of wrist movement and painful trapping of nerve branches in the scar.
Palmar wrist ganglion cyst. May occur in young adults, but also seen in association with wrist arthritis in older individuals. Aspiration may be useful, but care is needed as the cyst is often close to the artery at the wrist (where you can feel the pulse). The risk of recurrence after surgery is around 30%, and problems after surgery include persistent pain, loss of wrist movement and trapping of nerve branches in the scar. For these reasons, many surgeons advise against operation for these cysts.
Flexor tendon sheath ganglion cyst. Typically occurs in young adults, causing pain when gripping and feeling like a dried pea sitting on the tendon sheath at the base of the finger. Puncture of the cyst with a fine needle can disperse it – like puncturing a balloon – and fewer than half return. Persistent cysts can be removed surgically and the risk of recurrence is small.
Dorsal digital ganglion cyst. Usually in middle-aged or older people and associated with wearing out of the end joint of a finger. Pressure from the cyst may cause a furrow in the fingernail. Occasionally the cyst fluid leaks through the thin overlying skin from time to time. The risk of recurrence after surgery is around 10%, and problems after surgery include infection, stiffness and pain from the worn out joint.
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yaschilan
yaschilan Vittorio Locatelli
A romantic calligraphy, as a fantastic endless herbarium, tells a story of flowers and leaves. With hushed tones.
Hand “tufted” 100% pure virgin wool carpet.
W. 270/106,2" D. 270/106,2": W. 300/118,1" D. 300/118,1"
Vittorio Locatelli
Born in 1962, after studying art he received a degree in architecture from the Milan Polytechnic, where he has been teaching for a number of years. In his studio-workshop, located in an historic building on Via Rossini, he combines work closely tied to architecture and design (primarily interior and exhibit design) with “studio” work involving the applied arts, from decoration to illustration to graphics and painting in the strict sense. His collaboration with Driade, which dates from the early nineties when (together with William Bertocco) he created three mirrors for the “Follies” collection, responds to the many facets of the company’s work: designing stands for the Frankfurt, Cologne and Milan furniture fairs, shops in various parts of the world, catalogues and the decor for the Milanese parties held during the Furniture Salon. Recent works and/or works in progress include a shop/gallery in Hong Kong, a bar/restaurant in Seoul and an apartment on Avenue Montaigne in Paris.
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Give Me My Remote > #1 featured > IT’S ALWAYS SUNNY IN PHILADELPHIA Season 6 Bows Tonight and We’re Talking to Danny DeVito and Charlie Day
IT’S ALWAYS SUNNY IN PHILADELPHIA Season 6 Bows Tonight and We’re Talking to Danny DeVito and Charlie Day
September 16, 2010 by Korbi Ghosh
What kind of shenanigans will Frank Reynolds (Danny DeVito) be up to on this season of IT’S ALWAYS SUNNY IN PHILADELPHIA?
“This year, it’s like, you know, it’s all very, very serious,” DeVito tells us in the clip below, speaking to us at the premiere. “Charlie and I bang.”
Noooo. He’s kidding. However, they do get married — and then divorced — as star Charlie Day (Charlie) explains during our premiere chat (also below). It’s all part of a gay marriage scheme, so that Charlie can get on Frank’s health insurance and it is some funny sh-t.
Not shocking if you’re a fan of SUNNY.
What else will go down during this 6th year of insanity?
Dennis, too, will tie the knot… with his high school sweetheart. The gang will get a boat. Dee will get pregnant. And Mac will fight to protect the sanctity of marriage between a man and a woman in tonight’s opener, when he runs into the now-snipped tranny (Brittany Daniel) who has apparently married a dude.
But Day says there are a lot of good episodes this season: “I really enjoyed ‘The Gang Gets A New Member’ where we find out that there was once another member of the gang, played by Jason Sudeikis.” He’s also pumped about one of his favorite actors, Dave Foley of NEWS RADIO and KIDS IN THE HALL fame, guesting. And Tom Sizemore too.
Yep, Sizemore. Watch the clips, you’ll see…
Oh, and, you guys, the season 5 DVD of IT’S ALWAYS SUNNY dropped this week. It’s like $24 bucks. I, myself, have it in my hot, little hands and have taken a few hours to fly through the episodes for a second viewing at my leisure — so totally worth it. Kitten Mittens, The D.E.N.N.I.S. System, wrestling for the troops, the waitress getting married… a lot of good times. So go get it. Halloween is coming up and I think it would be a very appropriate thing to stuff in your neighborhood kids’ trick-or-treat bags, no? You’ll be super popular on your street.
Season 6 of IT’S ALWAYS SUNNY IN PHILADELPHIA premieres tonight, Sept. 16, at 10 p.m. on FX.
And stick around afterwards for THE LEAGUE at 10:30 p.m. You’ll like it.
Follow @GMMRTV and @korbigirl on Twitter, and Facebook too, for all your up-to-the-minute TV news and commentary.
Peep GMMR’s exclusive videos by subscribing to our new YouTube Channel – GiveMeMyRemote TV
IT’S ALWAYS SUNNY IN PHILADEPHIA: “Sweet Dee Has a Heart Attack”
It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia: Two Hours of Philly Fun
It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia: The Gang Cracks the Liberty Bell
It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia…and on GMMR
It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia: Mac and Charlie Die
Filed under #1 featured, It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia
2 Responses to “IT’S ALWAYS SUNNY IN PHILADELPHIA Season 6 Bows Tonight and We’re Talking to Danny DeVito and Charlie Day”
Abby on September 16th, 2010 2:08 pm
I posted this on the website ONTD and linked it to your site. Hope that’s ok, GREAT INTERVIEWS!
http://community.livejournal.com/ohnotheydidnt/51014193.html#cutid1
Kath Skerry on September 16th, 2010 3:39 pm
@Abby – We appreciate you wanting to share the info, but it’s tough when you copy and paste the entire thing on another site. I know it’s how ONTD is run, but we would j’adore you even more in the future if you could maybe post a small portion of the content and then include a link back to GMMR. Having our work published in full on another site is kind of bummer.
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← Leonora Carrington at Liverpool Tate: hit or miss?
Things that Have Inspired Me Part 3: Yoga →
Sex and the Surrealist Image
What is your definition of beauty? Have you got a favourite line of poetry that describes beauty by using an image to suggest it? If you have, it’s probably not this often-quoted Surrealist simile:
“As beautiful as the chance encounter of an umbrella and a sewing machine on a dissecting table.”
The author is Isidore Ducasse (the self-styled Comte de Lautréamont) and it’s from The Songs of Maldoror, a prose poem of 1868. Lautréamont’s work, and this line in particular, was so popular and important to the development of Surrealism that Man Ray created a ready-made inspired by it.
I thought it might be interesting to “unpack” Lautréamont’s simile, and see if it could be used as a model for creating new Surrealist images.
First of all, how does it work? A conventional simile would try to find some commonality or similarity between the thing being described and the thing it’s compared to (such as the moon and a silver coin, which are both round and sort of the same colour) but likeness was not the criteria for Surrealist images, neither was appropriateness (and it was most definitely not good taste!).
The Surrealists (whether visual artists or poets) were not interested in reproducing the world as it is, the idea was to plumb the unconscious and use words to produce “unremembered, previously non-existent realities,” as Anna Balakian helpfully explains in The Road to the Absolute.
So the principle of the Surrealist simile or metaphor is the dramatic clash of unlikeness; an impossible meshing of opposites. In fact, writes Robert Short, “the power of an image was in direct proportion to the incongruity of the entities which it brought together”.
So this is all fine and dandy, but Robert Belton, in an essay from 1990, has a very specific reading of Lautréamont’s simile and large claims for its influence on later Surrealist poetry:
“The coincidence of a man’s phallic accessory and an unthinking domestic instrument on a ‘bed’ designed for bloodletting was simply too potently, aggressively, and violently sexual to be avoided…Ducasse’s simile, as the archetypal act of collage, virtually ensured that other juxtapositions would connote sexual violence for the male surrealist.”
Now I was rather taken aback by this reading of the sewing machine and umbrella as a sort of rape scene because it had never occurred to me, but the image does have a lasting power which means it is very likely to have a sexual subtext (why else do we remember that Cadbury’s Flake ad of the woman lying in the boat going through a waterfall rather than countless other television images involving chocolate bars?). But is Lautréamont’s simile really an encoded image of a pierced woman on a bloody bed?
It’s often been remarked that a lot of Surrealist visual iconography is of women in pieces: women beheaded, dismembered, partitioned, bound, gagged or blinded. Whitney Chadwick ponders this phenomenon in Surrealist art by men at the end of her book Women Artists and the Surrealist Movement:
“the link [between the unconscious and reality] was often a woman…onto whose image could be projected the secret, and often forbidden, desires and obsessions lodged in the unconscious […] The erotic violence that does exist in the work of woman artists tends to be absorbed into their images of themselves rather than directed out into the world and lodged in an image of the Other”.
I’ve often wondered if the ruined umbrella and draped material in Leonor Fini’s painting of 1940 called L’Ombrelle, (The Parasol) is a reference to Lautréamont’s simile. There is a woman’s eye peering out from behind one of the slashes in the umbrella which, now I have it in my mind, rather supports Belton’s interpretation and Chadwick’s point too.
Surely it’s possible to draw on the power (which Balakian describes as a sort of electricity) of Surrealist opposition without promoting sexual violence or even being restricted to the predictable territory of male heterosexuality.
Of course not all Surrealist poetic images draw on the abuse of women’s bodies. For instance, Robert Desnos’ “I have so often dreamed of you that you become unreal” must be one of the tenderest love poems written (and it’s almost unbearable to know that Desnos died in Terezina concentration camp at the age of 45).
Perhaps my favourite image in Surrealist poetry is the final line of André Breton’s 1948 poem “They tell me that over there”, which describes a mythical paradise and ends with a line describing the absence of evil:
“All the flowering appletree of the sea”.
This metaphor splices two things together so perfectly that you can’t see the join. I’ve spent hours enjoying this image and repeating it to myself: it never loses its magic and suggestibility! Is the sea flowering with surf the colour of apple blossom? Is the tree like a sea of flowers? Is the apple tree from the Garden of Eden or is the sea suggesting the origin of life? It’s all of these, and all at the same time!
Joyce Mansour is a poet I’ve recently discovered. She was an athlete with Egyptian parents and joined the Surrealist group in Paris in 1954. In her poem “Remember” written the following year, she is addressing a lover and conjuring memories of their time spent together:
When we heard the rats jingling around
Eating poppies
You and me.”
As Mary Ann Caws (the translator) says, we do not know who is eating the poppies, the rats or the lovers, because the poem is “constructed for both possibilities”.
So why not try this yourself? Make up a simile beginning “As beautiful as…” and make sure the elements are as unlike as possible but somehow joined at a deeper level. Or create an image that has a “double” movement like Breton’s or Mansour’s, vibrating between meanings.
And watch out for that subtext!
This entry was posted in Surrealism. Bookmark the permalink.
2 Responses to Sex and the Surrealist Image
Uncleratzo says:
As beautiful as the creases under caterpillar eyes
Lord Budd of Anglesey says:
5th September 2015 at 4:47 pm
As beautiful as a roundelay on a turnstile…………….
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Vitvitskaïa and Mary Magdalene
Archetypes of a Feminine Seeker
Vitvitskaïa, the only woman described in Meetings with Remarkable Men, is indeed a remarkable and memorable character. She is not only intrinsically interesting, but because Mr. Gurdjieff speaks of her as "an ideal for every woman" also seems a fit subject for pondering.
What we know of her life before she meets Gurdjieff is his retelling of Prince Yuri Lubovedsky's account. When Gurdjieff meets her, he describes her as being "on the brink of moral ruin." Although he agrees to accompany Vitvitskaïa back to Russia at the prince's request, he considers her "worthless" and feels a mixture of "hate" and "pity" toward her. By the time she was 14 both of Vitvitskaïa's parents were dead, and her financial circumstances were dire. Gurdjieff speaks of her as being "very beautiful" and "frivolous" and "subconsciously depressed all the time," a combination that can only engender mishap and suffering. When the prince encountered her, Vitvitskaïa had been seduced by a "commercial traveler" who later robbed and abandoned her. Then she had become the mistress of "an old senator" who turned her out because he was jealous of another man. Later she had used her beauty to attract men to the house of a doctor in need of more patients. Through the help and guidance of Prince Lubovedsky and his sister, Vitvitskaïa's life enters an ascending octave. Through her work on herself she changes so dramatically that Gurdjieff barely recognizes her when he encounters her again four years after their first meeting. Vitvitskaïa becomes a Seeker after Truth and joins Gurdjieff and others on their expeditions. She becomes, as Gurdjieff says, "a woman sacred for us all."
A Sacred Woman
A woman who has much in common with Vitvitskaïa is Mary Magdalene, a significant figure in the New Testament. Throughout history she has been seen as a repentant prostitute, one who goes from moral ruin to becoming the cherished follower to whom Christ first appears after his resurrection. Because of the influence of Jesus on Mary Magdalene, and of the prince and Gurdjieff on Vitvitskaïa, both women, each representing an archetype of the female seeker, realize a higher state of being.
One curious commonality between the women is their relationship to the masculine. Gurdjieff describes Vitvitskaïa as "inimitable and fearless [and] who always wore men's clothes." There are three possible reasons why she wore men's clothes. The first two, that she is either a transvestite or a lesbian, must be rejected immediately, as Gurdjieff would not have abided either. The third reason is more symbolic and interiorher dress symbolizes the activation of the masculine principle within herself. Also, no longer frivolous and depressed, she has no need to attract men in terms of polarity, and so hides her great beauty behind men's clothing.
The connection between the archetype of the female seeker and the masculine is spoken about in some interesting passages in the Gnostic Gospels, particularly passages concerning Mary Magdalene.
Gnosticism, for those unfamiliar with the subject, was a movement originating around the Mediterranean in the Hellenistic world beginning in the second century c.e. Numerous Gnostic sects took their views from disparate sources: Plato, Hermetic philosophy, Egyptian mythology, Jewish mysticism, Christianity and others.
Simon Magnus, considered by some the founder of Gnosticism, is associated with another female figure, that of Helen, the whore of Tyre. Simon must save Helen because Thought (Epinoia or Ennoia) is imprisoned in female flesh. Simon takes Helen as his consort and she is transformed through her relationship with a male. The implication is that a defiled woman has within her something negative that needs to be transformed through and by the masculine.
The Nag Hammadi texts, a collection of some 53 texts made 1,500 years ago and discovered in 1945, are Coptic translations of ancient manuscripts originally written in Greek. These texts give us, among other things, a new vision of the complexity of early Christianity and the myriad influences of the Hellenistic world. The differences between the New Testament and the Gnostic texts are striking. In the Gnostic gospels God is not wholly other. Instead, the divine is seen as identical to the Self; Jesus is pictured as a guide of enlightenment and once the disciple has attained enlightenment he (or she) will become "as I [Jesus] am." Another difference between the Gnostic and orthodox gospels is that the former often use sexual symbolism to describe God, often speaking "of God as dyad who embraces both masculine and feminine elements."
In one of the Gnostic texts, the Gospel of Thomas, the following exchange takes place in the presence of Mary Magdalene.
Simon Peter said to the Lord, "Let Mary leave us, women are not worthy of life." Jesus said, "I myself shall lead her in order to make her male, so that she too may become a living spirit resembling you males. For every woman who will make herself male will enter the Kingdom of Heaven.... "
While both statements may seem misogynistic, Jesus' is to say the least, perplexing. Viewed literally it makes no sense and has puzzled scholars who have tried to explain it in historical and linguistic contexts.
Naassenes & Valentinians
The Valentinian teaching in the Gospel of Thomas is comparable to the teachings of the Naassenes, a Gnostic sect, who believed that:
Spiritual beings will come to the "House of God," there they will cast their garments and all of them will become bridegrooms, having been made male by the virginal Spirit.
According to the Valentinians:
The "seed of light," so long as it was still unformed (i.e. uneducated, untrained), is "a child of the female," but when it is formed (i.e. trained), it is changed into a man and becomes a son of the (heavenly) bridegroom; no longer is it weak and subjected to the cosmic powers, but having become a man, it becomes a male fruit. As such it can enter the Pleroma [the fullness] and unite with the angels. Therefore it is said that the woman is changed into a man and the community here below (on earth) into angels. One must bear in mind that in Greek "angel" (i.e. messenger) has the masculine gender. In Valentinianis...the "male" as it was created in Adam is the "elect" of the angels, the "female" which corresponds to Eve represents the "calling" of the pneumatics, who must be brought up to the male "elect" in order to become part of the Pleroma and attain again to the angelic status.
These passages not only show a connection to Gnostic thinking but also suggest its more esoteric view of Christianity. In ancient literature, the transformation of the female into the male is discussed and often described as being from all that is earth, perishable, passive and sense-perceptible into what is heavenly, imperishable, active, and rational. How this transformation takes place is due to the female's being guided or helped by the outer male. So, as in the case with Helen and Simon, it is Jesus who will make Mary male.
The passages could also be viewed in the context of a school debate, where Jesus corrects Peter's statement. Mary is not to leave the discipleship on account of her being a woman. Gnostic texts also show a rivalry between Mary Magdalene and Peter and the other male disciples for Jesus' affection. But Jesus considers Mary worthy of transformation; He himself will "make a man of her," give her a special teaching.
And so two questions arise. If a female needs to be transformed into a male (that is, activate and integrate the masculine within herself) before she can enter the kingdom, why does Jesus Christ, an enlightened being, choose to favor Mary, to appear to her after his crucifixion to give her a special teaching? And why does Mary, a brave, strong, independent woman seem to accept without question the idea that she must become male?
Many have assumed that this conversation reflects an historical situation and have tried to explain the passage in terms of the radical nature of Jesus' acceptance of women and Mary's position as leader.
The point is to recognize the importance of Mary of Magdala whom Jesus will make male because she is to become part of the Kingdom of Heaven. It is to be noted that the conflict with Peter is overt and at the center of the action. It probably reflects something of the situation of the churches at the time of the writing of the gospel. Peter was a leader in competition with Mary of Magdala or followers of Peter were in competition with followers of Mary. The redactor of the "Gospel of Peter" clearly places Mary in a position higher than that of Peter.
Looked at from a purely historical context, it may be true that in the culture of the place and time only a male could be taken seriously:
Only as a man could he [Jesus] have subverted the accepted definition of masculinity, validated the so-called feminine virtue despised by men but dear to God, redefined the relationship between women and men as one of equality and mutuality, and destroyed patriarchy's claim to divine sanction.
For the remainder of this article, please order The Gurdjieff Journal Issue #34
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Ant & Dec put hit variety show on ice and plan for 2020 comeback
British TV favourites Ant & Dec have postponed the 2019 run of their award-winning variety show Saturday Night Takeaway to allow Ant Mcpartlin to take a full year away from the spotlight.
His partner, Declan Donnelly, will also front November’s (18) I’m A Celebrity… Get Me Out Of Here! reality show solo.
Ant stepped away from the cameras in March, after he was arrested on suspicion of drink driving following a car crash.
He was handed a fine and a 20-month driving ban, and subsequently announced plans to take some time away to seek treatment for addiction.
As a result, Donnelly presented the final two episodes of Saturday Night Takeaway alone, and now the duo has decided to give the hit show a break next year, and return in 2020.
In a statement, McPartlin assures fans his recovery is going “very well”, adding, “For that to continue, having spoken to Dec and (network officials at) ITV, I have made the decision to take the rest of the year off… I’d like to thank both Dec and ITV for their continued support and I look forward to getting back to work in the new year.”
Dec adds, “I am proud of the work Ant has been doing privately and I am fully supportive of his decision. I’m looking forward to us both being reunited on screen in 2019.”
#Ant&Dec
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Global boom in natural gas is undermining climate change action: report
The Global Energy Monitor says an international boom in liquefied natural gas exports is undermining global efforts to stop climate change and Canada is one of the industry's biggest players.
The report, released on Canada Day, says there are projects in development globally that by 2030 would increase natural gas supply to 806 million tonnes above what they are now.
Just over one-third of that development, 35%, is in Canada.
Only the United States, at 39%, has more new natural gas exports in the works, the report says.
The Global Energy Monitor is an international non-governmental organization that catalogues fossil-fuel infrastructure.
The report says the increase in natural gas is driven largely by the North American fracking boom, which changed the industry about 11 years ago.
But it also says the investments are "on a collision course'' with the goals of the Paris climate change accord.
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Highly contagious: Michigan officials explain why measles cases at 28-year high
By Jack Nissen
Posted Apr 15 2019 04:01PM EDT
(FOX 2) - Like a cruel joke, Michigan's measles predicament was almost foretold less than a year ago.
Authors of a 2018 study out of the Baylor College of Medicine said states with a high number of non-medical exemptions for vaccines might mean more cases in those states. The evidence “suggests that outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases could either originate from or spread rapidly throughout these populations of un-immunized, unprotected children.”
One of those locations was the Detroit area - specifically Oakland, Macomb and Wayne counties.
A year later, that same region is under threat of the state's largest measles outbreak in almost 30 years. With 40 reported cases since mid-March, experts are warning if the outbreak is not curbed soon the infection rate may continue to accelerate.
“I think it's something parents should be concerned about,” said Paul Kilgore at the Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences at Wayne State. “The most important intervention they can do is to actually get vaccinated. If nothing else is done, it will continue to be spread.”
Measles is one of the most infectious diseases out there, capable of spreading from one case to 18 people.
“The number of people that an infected person can spread (the disease) to is very high. It's one of the highest that we know of,” said Kilgore.
Part of the reason it's so contagious is the disease's ability to travel on airborne droplets; anytime someone that's infected coughs or sneezes, the disease can go airborne.
Symptoms also don't show up immediately upon infection. Someone who has contracted the disease may not know about the infection for days, more than enough time for them to reemerge in public and spread the disease further. Symptoms like rashes, high fevers and coughs can turn to diarrhea and vomiting - which, in turn, can dehydrate those without enough reserves of water.
However, measles is also moving with more efficiency because of the large number of unvaccinated people.
“The reason why measles has been making its way so quickly through Oakland County is because a large number of children are unvaccinated and parents are asking for non-medical exemptions to vaccination requirements in school,” wrote Abram Wagner, an assistant professor at the University of Michigan in an email.
In a National Center for Biotechnology Information study, Wagner said the national average for exemptions “hovered around 2 percent.” Oakland County's exemption rate is 4.8 percent. Wagner points to Michigan's status as one of 17 states that allows for philosophical exemptions to vaccinations.
“And I realize that 5 percent doesn't seem like a lot, but when measles is so infectious, and certain schools likely have very high exemption rates, this offers an in for the virus,” said Wagner.
As the outbreak has progressed, indeed it has been children that are being diagnosed with measles. However, state health officials noted the people who first contracted the disease in March were actually adults. That's not what happened the last time so many people in Michigan were exposed to measles.
“It's quite a bit different than in the 90s. We're not seeing the cases in this outbreak that were in the previous one” said Bob Swanson, the immunization program director. “I worked that outbreak. That primarily hit young children. This has been more on adults.”
Back then, states recommended only one measles vaccination for young kids. That was rendered 95 percent effective, which led to occasional “break-through cases” where some who were vaccinated still contracted the disease. Now two MMR vaccines are recommended, which carries a protection rate closer to 97 or 98 percent.
While adults are recommended to only receive one dose, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention leaves the option open to anybody interested in a second dose. The best advice offered by the MDHHS is to consult one's healthcare provider.
As the outbreak has spread, the state health department has used a multi-pronged approach to push back against the outbreak. Every day, the MDHHS hosts a conference call with counties that already have cases of measles or are near those counties. Along with updating county health officials on investigations into potential exposure sites, the department is also offering advice on answering media questions about the outbreak and making sure every county is stocked with vaccines.
“Everybody that has worked in the local health departments are boots on the ground,” said Lynn Sutfin, spokeswoman for the MDHHS. “What all of them have done has reached out to schools and day cares, giving them information on the outbreak...and info to help get parents vaccinated.”
Some school districts are taking more extreme approaches to the outbreak. In early April, Derby Middle School in Birmingham said it was requiring any students who are not vaccinated to stay home from the school for 21 days following a confirmed case. School officials stated they were following Oakland County Health Department guidelines by excluding any children who haven't been vaccinated or are under vaccinated.
Sutfin said Oakland County, the epicenter of the outbreak, has done a good job by hosting vaccination clinics - which seems to be paying off. A recent count of administered MMR vaccinations over the last couple weeks now totals around 2,000. There's also been a recent lull in the number of individuals being diagnosed with measles.
“The last few days have been a bit slower,” Swanson said. “We're hoping that's attributable to the number of vaccines that have been administered.”
There were 30 cases identified by April 1. Since then, only 10 cases have been confirmed. Swanson said 21 cases were identified in the first wave of diagnoses. As more cases are diagnosed, it gets harder to track each wave because while it can take 14 days for symptoms to show up, that's not always the case. That also makes it difficult to pinpoint where in the outbreak Michigan finds itself.
“In the beginning of an outbreak, you tend to see low numbers,” he said. “As the outbreak proceeds, depending on what you do, you'll see an uptick in cases. That trajectory is key because the speed of the spread gives you an indicator of what will happen next.”
And what happens next is hard to predict. As Swanson mentioned the number of cases being discovered isn't as large as it used to be - which is good news. But with outbreaks occurring in other states, there's potential for anything to happen.
“Unfortunately this outbreak could blow up larger - like it has in Washington State or New York City,” Wagner wrote, “and the absolute worst case scenario is if there was such a breakdown in vaccination coverage that virus was able to spread for over a year within the country - which would mean that measles is no longer eliminated in the United States and it is once more an endemic disease.”
Dangerous heat moving in to SE Michigan as heat index hitting almost 110
By Derek Kevra
Statistically speaking we are in the hottest stretch of the year. Practically speaking... it's also the hottest stretch of the year. And we're about to feel it.
After a very comfortable start to July, the heat is building and, if you thought it was hot Monday or Tuesday, Thursday through Saturday is going to feel a lot worse.
Wednesday we'll start to heat up, reaching the upper 80s but Thursday it starts to really get turned up.
Avid biker's empty truck found at Oakwoods Metropark
Police say the vehicle of a man who hasn't been seen since Thursday, July 11 was found empty at Oakwoods Metropark.
Michell Lawrence Saari, 64, entered the park at 6:11 p.m. that day and hasn't been seen since. Police say he's an avid biker and often visits the metroparks for that reason.
Police searched Oakwoods Metropark and didn't find Saari. Oakwoods Metropark is in New Boston, Mich., just off I-275 by Willow Road.
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Interface device for central processing unit or network terminal, keyboard, portable computer and accessory for games console
An interface device between a user and a CPU or a network terminal, e.g. a microcomputer keyboard or a game console accessory, includes control apparatus such as keys provided on the top surface of a housing and at least two buttons on each of the two side surfaces of the keyboard, the buttons being connected to the connections of certain keys. The keyboard may also be provided with supporting areas on both front corners and on the front edge of the top side, with a microswitch being provided beneath each of the areas and connected in parallel to any one of the keys on the keyboard.
Audebert, Jean-pierre (20, rue Jean-Paul Sartre, F-77330 Ozoir la Ferriere, FR)
Riviere-audebert, Josette (20, rue Jean-Paul Sartre, F-77330 Ozoir la Ferriere, FR)
AUDEBERT JEAN-PIERRE
RIVIERE-AUDEBERT JOSETTE
273/148B, 273/148R, 345/156, 345/168, 463/36, 463/42, 463/46, 463/47
A63F13/00; A63F13/06; G06F3/02; G06F3/023; (IPC1-7): A63F13/00; A63F9/24; G06F17/00; G06F19/00
463/36, 463/37, 463/38, 463/42, 463/44, 463/45, 463/46, 463/47, 273/148R, 273/148B, 345/168, 345/156
5694123 Keyboard with integrated pointing device and click buttons with lock down for drag operation in a computer system with a graphical user interface 1997-12-02 Selker et al. 341/22
5644113 Hand held control key device including multiple switch arrangements 1997-07-01 Date et al. 200/5R
5621436 Keyboard with integrated mouse for data entry and control 1997-04-15 Solhjell 345/163
5611731 Video pinball machine controller having an optical accelerometer for detecting slide and tilt 1997-03-18 Bouton et al. 463/37
5317505 Game controller capable of storing and executing stored sequences of user playing button settings 1994-05-31 Karabed et al. 364/410
RE32282 Television gaming apparatus 1986-11-11 Baer 273/85G
EP0520090 1992-12-30 Keyboard with integrated mouse for data entry and control.
JP6043322 March, 1986
JP3263118 November, 1991 CYLINDER HEAD STRUCTURE OF ENGINE
JP6012941 January, 1994
WO1993018500A1 1993-09-16 COMPUTER KEYBOARD
JPH0643322A 1994-02-18
JPH03263118A 1991-11-22
Martin-wallace, Valencia
Nguyen, Binh-an
Young & Thompon
1. An interface device between a user and a central processing unit or a network terminal, comprising:
a casing including a first means of controlling said central processing unit accessible on the upper face of said casing,
a second means of controlling said central processing unit or network terminal disposed on at least one of the lateral faces of said casing,
said second means of control being connected in parallel with a predetermined means of control among said first means of control,
at two front corners of an upper face of said casing, two pressure zones,
inside said casing under each said pressure zone, means of detecting pressure applied on said pressure zone, and,
arrangements to generate, in response to detection of a pressure, a control, a particularly a jolt control to be sent to the central processing unit.
2. An interface device according to claim 1, characterized in that it furthermore comprises at least one frontal pressure zone and, within said casing under said frontal pressure zone, means of detecting pressure applied on said frontal pressure zone, and in that arrangements are made to generate, in response to detection of a pressure on said frontal pressure zone, a frontal jolt control to be sent to the central processing unit.
3. An interface device (180) according claim 1, characterized in that it furthermore comprises, within said casing (212) under each pressure zone (110, 110'), return means (105) in order to apply a return force substantially opposing pressing forces applied by a user.
4. An interface device (180) according to claim 3, characterized in that it furthermore comprises means for adjusting a detection threshold of the pressure detection means.
5. An interface device (180) according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper face of the casing has at least two elastically deformable pressure zones.
6. An interface device (180) according to claim 1, characterized in that for each pressure zone (110, 110'), the means of detection comprise switch means (102, 102') connected in parallel to two connectors of a predetermined key (T, T') located on the upper face (106) of the casing (212) in such a way that detection of a pressure on a pressure zone (110, 110') by the corresponding detection means (102, 102') is equivalent to a pressing down of the predetermined key (T, T').
7. An interface device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the switch means comprise, under each pressure zone (110, 110'), at least one microswitch (102, 102').
The present invention relates to an interface device for a central processing unit or a network terminal. It also relates to a computer keyboard, a portable computer and an accessory for a games console with ergonomic buttons.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
Several interface devices exist which are used for transmitting information from a user to a central processing unit or a network terminal. The principal interface device for a computer is the keyboard. The original computer keyboards had their overall shape and the shape and layout of their keys similar to those of typewriters.
Keyboards are also known whose ergonomics have been improved by the addition of numerical keys and of keys for the four operations grouped in the form of a separate keypad located to the right of the alphabetic keys.
Subsequently many function keys have been added to keyboards because of the growing complexity of the hardware and software present on the market. They make it possible to access either pre-programmed functions initially existing in the read only memory of the computer or functions programmed by means of software.
In order to further improve the user's comfort and the speed of typing over a long period without fatigue, keyboards with curved shapes have been considered.
The interface means present on portable computers have followed the same evolution.
The ergonomics of function and control keys present on games consoles or on their interface devices forming accessories have also been improved.
In the case of games software products, all of the keys can be used to obtain multiple luminous play effects visible on the screen. The user will apply his skill by pressing appropriate keys at the correct time and by repeating this same operation many times. During prolonged use of a conventional keyboard, this can result both in a reduction in the speed of keying and furthermore in fatigue in the muscles and tendons of the fingers, hands and wrists.
A disadvantage of interface devices of the prior art and of the corresponding keyboards is the fact that these means of control are generally located on the upper face of the interface device, the keyboard of the computer, the case of the portable computer or the games console or its accessories. Access to some of them is therefore often not very ergonomic.
EP-A-0 520 090 discloses a keyboard incorporating on one of its side faces a mouse having specific functions which do not replace keys of the keyboard.
The document "Patent Abstract of Japan", vol. 16, No. 70 (P-1315) discloses a mouse provided with ten digital keys enabling a user to directly enter a digital input through this mouse instead of through the keyboard of the computer.
The document "Patent Abstract of Japan", vol. 10, No. 202 (P-477) discloses a combination of a conventional keyboard and of a pedal-type keyboard the keys of which are connected in parallel with function-keys of the conventional keyboard.
The purpose of the invention is to propose an interface device for a central processing unit or a network terminal which provides additional means of control with a different arrangement, especially adapted to the positions of the user's hands.
According to the invention, the interface device between a user and a central processing unit or a network terminal comprising a casing comprising first means of controlling said central processing unit accessible on the upper face of the said casing, and second means of controlling said central processing unit or network terminal, said second means of control being disposed on at least one of the lateral faces of said casing, is characterized in that said second means of control are connected within said casing to means of control among the said first means of control.
The invention is based on the observation that, in many cases, it is difficult to access certain keys without having to move the forearm, to extend one or more fingers excessively and to contort the hand. This generally happens when the user wishes to use the most distant keys located at the right and left extremities with respect to the orientation of the marking of signs on the keys.
Because of the tendency towards the profusion of the number of keys on the upper face, the lateral disposition of the new controls is particularly astute.
Preferably, the lateral disposition and the position along the lateral face also makes it possible for the user to touch the other accessible keys with the palm of the hand or with the fingers which remain free.
Different types, shapes and sizes of control means, particularly in the form of buttons, can be used. The button or buttons added to the lateral faces of the keyboard according to the invention will either be physically connected, in particular to the key connections, or connected directly to the microprocessor controlling the interface device.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a computer keyboard comprising a support casing, an assembly of keys, particularly alphanumeric keys, typographic keys and function keys, is characterized by similar control means in the form of buttons placed on its lateral faces.
According to second aspect of the invention, a portable computer casing will comprise the same types of control means on its lateral faces.
According to the third aspect of the invention, a games console will comprise an accessory having identical control means placed on its lateral faces.
The use of these additional buttons will, in particular, make it possible to obtain the same result as using the known keys and will therefore be ergonomically well adapted to certain video games.
Advantageously, it is also possible to provide an interface device according to the invention furthermore comprising, at the two front corners of the upper face of the said casing, at least two pressure zones, left and right respectively, and, inside the said casing under each pressure zone, means of detecting pressure applied on the said pressure zone, and arrangements are made to generate, in response to the detection of pressure, a control, particularly a jolt control to be sent to the central processing unit.
In a preferred embodiment of such an interface device according to the invention, the latter furthermore comprises at least one frontal pressure zone and, within this casing under this frontal pressure zone, means of detecting pressure applied on the said frontal pressure zone, and arrangements are made to generate, in response to the detection of pressure on this frontal pressure zone, a frontal jolt control to be sent to the central processing unit. In a particular embodiment, there are provided two frontal pressure zones located in the proximity of the left and right pressure zones respectively.
Return means are preferably provided in order to apply a return force substantially opposing the pressure forces applied by a user. They can for example comprise return springs. The upper face of the casing generally has at least two elastically deformable pressure zones.
In a particular embodiment, the means of detection comprise switch means, for example microswitches, or any other contact, connected in parallel to the two connectors of a predetermined key located on the upper face of the casing in such a way that a detection of pressure on a pressure zone by the corresponding detection means is equivalent to the pressing down of the predetermined key.
By an arrangement of the user's hands on either side of the keyboard or console accessory, the on-screen game of pinball will, thanks to the invention, be as pleasant to play as a pinball table game.
Other features and advantages of the invention will furthermore emerge from the following description relating to a non-limitative example.
In the appended drawings:
FIG. 1 is an overall view of an assembly of a computer keyboard according to the invention, a central processing unit and a video screen;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the computer keyboard according to the invention, seen with the two hands of a user;
FIG. 3 a simplified electrical diagram of a part of the computer keyboard according to the invention showing the connections of the buttons;
FIG. 4 is a simplified electrical diagram of a part of the computer keyboard showing another method of connecting the buttons according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of an embodiment of the computer keyboard according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a another embodiment of the computer keyboard according to the invention;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a portable computer according to the invention; and
FIG. 8 is a overall view of a games console comprising an accessory or a keyboard according to the invention.
FIG. 9 shows an example of a keyboard according to the invention, furthermore comprising pressure zones;
FIG. 10 shows an example of a portable computer, including pressure zones;
FIG. 11 shows the position of the hands of a user of a keyboard such as shown in FIG. 9;
FIG. 12 is a simplified diagrammatic view of an example of electrical connections within a keyboard according to the invention such as shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 13 shows an example of a games console according to the invention, including pressure zones;
FIG. 14 is cross-sectional view of one of the corners of a keyboard according to the invention;
FIG. 15 is an exploded top view of the corner shown in FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view of a keyboard according to the invention provided with pressure zones in use;
FIG. 17 shows an example of a keyboard according to the invention comprising four pressure zones;
FIG. 18 shows a particular method of connecting switches inside the keyboard according to the invention as shown in FIG. 17;
FIG. 19 shows another particular method of connecting switches inside a keyboard according to the invention furthermore provided with a double change-over selection switch; and
FIG. 20 shows the use of a button of the cruciform type in a keyboard according to the invention.
In the example shown in the figures, the computer 1 comprises, in particular, a keyboard 2, a central processing unit 3 generally equipped with several storage units, in particular a floppy disk drive, a hard disk drive or a CD-ROM drive, and a video screen 4.
In the case of the network terminal, it is possible, for example, to consider the combination of just a screen, a keyboard according o the invention and a network connection unit, this combination possibly being able to be completed by a CD-ROM drive.
The keyboard 2 consists of a support casing 6 on the upper face 12 of which an assembly of keys is regularly disposed. Non-exhaustively, the keys are alphabetic keys 7, numerical keys 8, typographic keys 9 for obtaining punctuation signs and the most common symbols, and function keys 11 making it possible to access controls as diverse as upper case letters, movement of the curser on the screen, deletion of characters, tabulation, saving, . . . etc together with various tasks which software will be able to allocate to certain specific keys bearing the markings F1, F2, up to F12.
According to the invention, the computer keyboard 2 comprises two additional buttons 13 and 14 each ergonomically disposed on the two lateral faces 16, 17 of the keyboard 2.
These two buttons 13, 14 are respectively connected to any key 7, 8, 9, 11 of the keyboard 2. The keys generally used for this connection are the keys allowing selection of upper case characters. Keys also used are those located respectively furthest to the right and to the left of the keyboard, that is to say those physically closest to the added buttons. The other two keys which can also be used are the function keys 11, F11, and F12. In many software packages, they are not normally allocated to any particular control.
A keyboard 2 has a wiring system produced in the form of a matrix 18 having as many column wires 71 as there are columns of keys and as many line wires 72 as there are rows of keys. For greater clarity, only a small number of column wires and line wires have been shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Pushing in a key 24 makes an electrical connection at the point of intersection between the line and the column corresponding to this key 24, this connection being detected by a dedicated microprocessor 32 which then transmits a code called a scanning code via the serial interface cable 21 to the specific bus 19 of the central processing unit 3.
Each additional button 53, 54 is connected in parallel to a predetermined key. The cable 23 leaving from one of the connectors of button 54 is connected to the column cable 27 of key 24 and the other connector of button 54 is connected by the cable 29 to the cable of line 31 of key 24. The two cables 27, 31 specific to key 24 are connected to the microprocessor 32 which is connected to the central processing unit 3. Pressing the button 54 will have the same effect as pressing the key 24 to which it is connected.
For example, it is possible to arrange that the buttons 56, 57 are directly connected by cables 58, 59 to the integrated circuit 22 without passing through a key. This makes it possible, by internal programming or by software, for the additional button or buttons to have a specific scanning encoding recognised by the central processing unit 3 without using a code already allocated to a key. This therefore results in obtaining new keys having a new function. This assumes the production of a specific microprocessor 22 able to receive these new connections.
The buttons 13, 14 are fixed or built into the substantially vertical lateral faces, 16, 17 of the casing 6 of the keyboard 2. In this case they are pressure switches of the bell-push type having one or more return springs. These buttons only remain on if a continuous pressure is applied.
They are of minimum size so that they can be actuated by the end of the operator's finger or of several of the operator's fingers 33 hitting these buttons.
They can be any shape, round in particular. However, in the case of a button of elongated shape 34, it can form an angle of inclination A defined with respect to the upper surface 12 of the keyboard. The angle A will be chosen in such a way as to respond to ergonomic criteria corresponding to the position of the last phalange 37 of the first finger, the second finger or the third finger and the auricle of a hand 38 placed vertically and parallel with the lateral edge, the palm 42 facing the lateral edge 17. The cruciform button 36 provides four possible control positions for the same switch.
The button 13, 14, is disposed on the lateral face at a distance defined with respect to the front or the rear edge, determined by the natural position of a user's hand 38. The button 13, 14, is placed such that when the first finger and/or the second finger and/or the third finger and/or the auricle 33 is placed on the button, the thumb 39 can reach one or more other keys of the keyboard. In the case of a different operating position, either the palm 42 or more precisely the ball of the thumb 43 of the palm of the hand or one or more fingers remaining free 44 can press the keys of the upper face, at the extreme right or at the extreme left of the keyboard, whilst allowing use of the button with one or more fingers 33. The button is, in particular, positioned in the region of the upper third most distant from the front edge 41 of the keyboard 2.
By an entirely equivalent design, a portable computer 46 with a flat display screen 48 and a keyboard 47 comprises, on one or on both of the lateral faces 49, 51, one or more additional buttons 52. Their connection, their shape and their disposition are produced in an entirely identical manner to that described above for the separate computer keyboard 2.
In a similar way, a video games console 73 comprises a central processing unit casing 74 and interface means of the joystick type 76, 77, connected to this casing 74. Games software in the form of a cartridge 78 are read by the central processing unit 74 and keys 79 allow various functions such as starting and choice of playing difficulty.
An interface device forming an accessory 81 having for example the shape of a parallelepipedic casing 82, is connected to the central processing unit 74 of the console.
According to the invention, this accessory possibly comprises, in addition to its keys, means of control in the form of two buttons 83, 84 each disposed on the lateral faces, 86, and 87 respectively, of the casing 82.
The connection of the buttons to a dedicated microprocessor in the accessory 87 or in the console 74 or in parallel with keys 79 or if necessary with keys of the accessory 81, their shape and disposition are produced in a way which is entirely identical to that which has been described above for the separate computer keyboard.
It will be possible to provide an accessory of the same type connecting to the serial port of the computer or of the portable computer.
In the simplest case, this addition of two keys, one on each of the faces of the keyboard 2, of the portable computer 46 or of the accessory 81 of the games console, makes the use of any type of software more pleasant due to easier operation. By hitting one of these buttons, there will be obtained, depending on the type of wiring used, either the same effect as with a conventional key or a different effect. In both cases, the button will not have any effect on the normal functioning of the keyboard. Used in particular with games software, these two buttons will be able to control the movement on the screen of images or figurines in order to obtain games effects. The user of the games console 73 will take the accessory 81 on his knees, or will place it on a table.
These buttons have a specific use in the case of software for the pinball game 66 where the two buttons are truly adapted for the use of two flippers 62, 63 intended to return the ball 64 in conditions approaching reality. The player using the keyboard or the accessory has exactly the same position of the hands 38 and wrists as a player on a pinball table, with the same ability to jolt the keyboard and to press other buttons with the palm 42 of the hand in order to obtain other visual and audible effects. For certain existing software products, the user will have to choose the two keys physically connected to the two buttons as the keys allocated to the flippers. The tilt with stop of play function will naturally be possible by repeatedly pressing with the palm at high frequency.
It is also possible to design, with reference to FIG. 9, a keyboard 180 according to the invention connected to a central processing unit 184 and comprising, at each corner of the upper face 184 of its casing 182, two pressure zones 110, 110' and on each of its lateral faces 183, 183', a control button 181, 181'.
An interface device is thus obtained which makes it possible to reproduce, in a particularly realistic manner, all of the sensations experienced by a pinball table player. In effect, each lateral button is allocated to the control of a right or left flipper within the game software.
Under each pressure zone 110, 110', the keyboard 180 comprises, as shown in FIG. 12, 14 and 16, a microswitch 102, 102' comprising a moving part 108 disposed against the inside surface of the upper face so that, when a significant pressure is applied to the pressure zone 110, the effect of this is to displace the moving part 108 and to cause the closing of the microswitch 102 and therefore a contact between the two conductors 103, 104 connected to the connectors of this microswitch. A spring 105 disposed close to the microswitch 102 ensures the return of the upper face 106 into a substantially flat position of equilibrium. The other pressure zone can of course have an identical internal structure to that which has just been described. Each microswitch 102, 102' is connected via a pair of conductors 103, 104; 103', 104' to a predetermined key T, T' of the matrix of keys 140 of the keyboard 180, with reference to FIG. 12, and is associated with a return spring 105, 105'. It is possible, for example, to provide connections directly at the level of the keys, or to provide connections at the level of a control circuit 141 of the keyboard 180, this control circuit usually being connected by a serial interface 142 to the central processing unit.
Each control button 181, 181' controls a switch 191, 191' connected to any key F, F' from among all of the keys 140 of the keyboard 180. Pressing a control button 181, 181' is thus equivalent to pressing in the key F, F' with which it is associated. It thus suffices to allocate a flipper control function to each connected key by means of software parameterization. The player using the keyboard 180 can then actuate the two flippers by pressing the control buttons 181, 181' with his fingers 121, 121' and can command jolts to the pinball, either to the right or to the left, or frontally, by applying pressure on one and/or the other of the pressure zones 110, 110', either with the right hand, or with the left hand, or with both hands simultaneously, as shown in FIG. 11.
The user of pinball game software using the keyboard 180 according to the invention can, whilst pressing the keys K, also press the pressure zone 110 with the palm of his hand 311 as shown in FIG. 16. If he applies a significant pressure on this pressure zone, thus expressing a desire to impart a jolt to the pinball, it then causes the closure of the microswitch 102, which is equivalent to pressing the key T to which this microswitch 102 is connected. It is assumed that this key T has previously been designated, for example when initializing the game, as the key corresponding to a right or left jolt command depending on whether the right or left pressure zone is the one in question. The return spring 105 ensures the return of the pressure zone 110 to the substantially flat position when the player is no longer applying pressure to the latter. It should be noted that the microswitch 102 can be connected in parallel to any key of the keyboard, since pinball game software products offer a parameterization of the various control keys.
This other embodiment of the invention can also be implemented for a portable computer 100 whose main casing 202 is provided, on the one hand, with two pressure zones 110, 110' disposed in the two front corners of its upper face 162 and, on the other hand, with two control buttons 201, 201' disposed on its two lateral faces 203, 203', with reference to FIG. 10. It is also possible to design, within the scope of the present invention, a games console 210 connected to a television set 112 and comprising, on the one hand, on the upper face 172 of its case 211, two pressure zones 110, 110' and, on the other hand, two control buttons 130, 130' on the lateral faces 213, 213', with reference to FIG. 13, of the said case.
Advantageously, it is possible to design a keyboard according to the invention, comprising four pressure zones, as shown in FIG. 17. The keyboard 170 thus comprises, in addition to two lateral buttons 181, 181', a left pressure zone 110', a right pressure zone 110 and two frontal pressure zones 111', 111 disposed for example close to the left and right pressure zones 110', 110 respectively. With each pressure zone 110', 111', 111, 110 there is associated a switch 102', 112', 112, 102 disposed, inside the casing 190 of the keyboard 170, between the two parts, upper 191 and lower 192 respectively, of this case 190. It is furthermore possible to provide return means such as springs and means of adjusting these return means, for example one or more screws accessible under the keyboard. Furthermore, the keyboard according to the invention can furthermore comprise means of locking the upper and lower parts of the keyboard in such a way that the switches of the pressure zones then become inoperative. These locking means can be particularly appreciated in order to avoid any unwanted control due to a pronounced pressing on the keyboard when the latter is being used in an ordinary manner.
The switches, 102, 102', 112, 102, which can be of any technology, are each connected to predetermined keys of the keyboard. Thus, by way of non-limitative example, in the example shown in FIG. 17, the left 102' and right 102 switches respectively are connected in parallel to the keys "G" and "D" respectively of the keyboard 170, whilst the left and right frontal switches 112', 112 respectively are both connected in parallel to the space bar 171 of the keyboard 170.
In a particular embodiment of a keyboard 170 such as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the lateral buttons 181' 181 are arbitrarily connected to the keys "W" and ";" respectively of the set of keys 172 equipping this keyboard, whilst the switches of the left and right pressure zones 102', 102 are connected to the keys "G" and "D" and the switches of the frontal pressure zones 112', 112 are connected to the space bar 171.
It is also possible to design a keyboard 195 according to the invention provided with double changeover switch 199 making it possible to modify the allocation of side buttons 181', 181 according to the type of flipper software used. In effect, for certain software products used with the DOS operating system, the left and right flipper functions respectively are imperatively associated with the upper case keys 196, 197 on either side of the keyboard, whilst for recent software products used with the Windows 95 operating system, these flipper functions are respectively associated with the keys "W" and ";" or with any other key programmable by software. This double changeover switch 119 can for example be located on the rear face of the keyboard 195.
Within the scope of the present invention, it is also possible to design a keyboard 220 comprising, on at least one of its lateral faces 236, a device 230 of the cruciform type combining four switches each associated with a direction arrow 231, 232, 233, 234: up, right, down, left, with reference to FIG. 20. Each switch is connected in parallel to the corresponding key 241, 242, 243, 244 present on the keyboard, by additional tracks 235 produced on the connection plane of the keyboard.
In order to implement the invention, it will be possible either to adapt existing keyboards by wiring the additional buttons in parallel with existing keys, or to produce a specific keyboard integrating these additional buttons. Such a keyboard will then have to be provided with a microprocessor or specific micro-controller to ensure the decoding of these additional buttons.
An advantageous technique for producing the keyboard according to the invention consists in designing a specific flexible printed circuit by adapting the flexible printed circuit of a conventional keyboard by adding connection tracks and contact modules disposed, on the one hand, at each lateral end of this printed circuit for the flipper keys and, on the other hand, on the front section of this flexible printed circuit for the detectors of the pressure zones.
The present invention can also be implemented for videotext terminals, in particular a Minitel. It is thus possible to provide a videotext terminal with two buttons respectively disposed on the two lateral faces of its keyboard. It can furthermore be applied to keyboards connected to a central processing unit or to a terminal by non-wire connections, for example infra-red or radiofrequency connections. Keyboards according to the invention can also be implemented for network terminals, particularly those known as "Network Computers" (NC) which can be installed, for example in housings, businesses, hotel rooms, public places, schools and shops.
The invention is not of course limited to the described and shown examples. The number of buttons on the lateral face or faces will be variable. In the specific case of pinball, it is possible for example to provide, in addition to the two buttons allocated to the two flipper control functions, two additional control devices allocated to the control of pinball movement effects.
It will be possible for the type of button used to be different depending on the function desired to be allocated to them, for example slide switches, rotary knobs or touch-sensitive keys, without limitation of technology. It will be possible for the shape of these buttons to change according to fashion or to technical developments. Furthermore, it is possible to provide, still within the scope of the present invention, buttons that are phosphorescent or even provided with lighting means.
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Process and implantable device for the intrapulmonary assessing of density dependant physical properties of the lung tissue
The invention relates to an implantable device for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, which is capable to detect the physical properties of the pulmonary tissue which depend from its density and their variations caused by a pathologic condition of the heart (heart failure, ischemia, arrhythmia), using one or more intrapulmonary catheters, provided with sensors, inserted in branches of the pulmonary artery. The catheters provided with sensors preferably use as sensors electrodes and the detected physical property, which depends by the density of the pulmonary tissue, is preferably the bioelectric impedance of the explored portion of lung. The same electrodes can be also used for monitoring of an electrocardiogram, without artefacts and interferences. The device can be used to guide and optimise the therapy of the heart disease made with electrostimulators and/or cardiac defibrillator and/or systems for the exhibition of drugs and/or for the drainage of the fluids accumulated in the body and/or for the circulatory assistance to the heart. The device comprises means for the communication with external devices by means of radio-frequency transmission. This invention constitutes a significative improvement in the state of the art of the implantable devices for the therapy and the diagnosis of the heart diseases, because it allows the measurement of the specific bioelectric impedance of the pulmonary tissue only, overcoming the drawbacks of the known systems, which by using surfaces electrodes placed upon the skin or electrodes placed inside of the heart cavities, give a measurement of the transthoracic impedance determined prevalently by the volume variations of the heart and great vessels and only partially of the contents of fluids in the pulmonary tissue.
Plicchi, Gianni (Bologna, IT)
Marcelli, Emanuela (Macerata, IT)
PLICCHI GIANNI
MARCELLI EMANUELA
A61B5/042; A61B5/05; A61B5/00; A61B8/12; A61N1/39; (IPC1-7): A61N1/18
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GETZOW, SCOTT M
LARSON & TAYLOR, PLC (1199 NORTH FAIRFAX STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA, 22314, US)
1. implantable device for the measurement of the physical properties of the pulmonary tissue depending from its density, characterised by comprising: At least an intrapulmonary catheter (2) suitable to be inserted in a branch of the pulmonary artery; At least a sensor of density dependent physical properties of the pulmonary tissue, located at least inside said intrapulmonary catheter; Means for assessing the density dependent physical properties of the portion of pulmonary tissue explored by said intrapulmonary catheter provided with sensors (2); Means for processing the measure of the physical properties of the pulmonary tissue depending from its density and their variations, for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes, said measurement and elaboration means being placed inside an implantable container (1), to which is connected said catheter provided with sensors (2) and which contains the suitable means for the electric feeding.
2. Implantable device according to claim 1), in which the sensor for the density depending physical properties, comprises heat flow sensors, to detect the variations of the thermal conductivity of the pulmonary tissue when there is a variation in the fluid accumulation.
3. Implantable device according to claim 1) in which the sensor for the physical properties which are depending from the density of the pulmonary tissue, comprises optical sensors, to detect the transluminescence and/or colour variations of the pulmonary tissue at the variation of the fluid accumulation.
4. Implantable device according to claim 1), in which the sensor for the density dependent physical properties of the pulmonary tissue, comprises ultrasonic generators and relative means to detect the variations of the propagation velocity of the ultrasounds inside the pulmonary tissue, when there is a variation in the fluid accumulation.
5. Implantable device according to claim 1, in which the sensor/s of the density dependant physical properties of the pulmonary tissue comprises electrodes (3).
6. Implantable device according to claim 1) in which the body of the container (1) of the same device is realised in electroconductive material which can be used as electrode and which can be involved in the measurement process for which the same device is prefixed.
7. Implantable device according to claim 5) in which the means for the measurement of physical properties of the pulmonary tissue depending from its density, comprise means for the measurement, by means of said electrodes, the bioelectric impedance of the portion of pulmonary tissue explored by said catheter provided with sensors (2) and means for the processing of the obtained measure.
8. Implantable device according to claim 5), in which the means for the measurement of the physical properties of the pulmonary tissue depending from its density, comprise means to detect the electrocardiogram (ECG) by means of said electrodes, means for the measurement of the amplitude of the R waves of the detected ECG and means for the processing of the detected measure.
9. Implantable device according to claim 7) in which said means for the measurement of the bioelectric impedance, comprise also means to detect an electrocardiogram (ECG) by means of the electrodes of the same device and means for the processing of the detected ECG signal.
10. Implantable device according to claim 7), in which said means for the measurement of the bioelectric impedance of a portion of pulmonary tissue by means of said electrodes, comprises means to generate in said portions of tissue several measurement electric currents and means for the measurement of the differences of potential which are the consequence of the application of said measurement currents and which are proportional to the required bioelectric impedance.
11. Implantable device according to claim 5), in which the electrodes (1, 3) may be used, separated or in conjunction, with any suitable combination, for the application of said measurement electric currents and for the measurement of the differences of potential and of the bioelectric impedances which follows the application of said measurement currents.
12. Implantable device according to claim 10), in which said electric measurement currents are impulses and/or multiple and determined frequencies currents.
13. Implantable device according to claim 12, in which said measurement electric currents have components with frequencies comprise approximately between about 10 kHz and 1 MHz.
14. Implantable device according to claim 12), in which said means for the measurement of the differences of potential which follow to the application of said measurement currents and which are proportional to the required bioelectric impedances, comprise a differential amplifier (10), which amplifies the signals obtained between the electrodes of the same device, which are further filtered by a high-pass filter (11) and then processed by a sample and hold unit (13) and are finally digitised by means of a converter (14) before the transfer to the process unit (7).
15. Implantable device according to claim 14), in which the high-pass filter (11) works at about 1 kHz.
16. Implantable device according to claim 11), in which the measurement electric currents are applied between the two electrodes of the intrapulmonary catheter (2) and the differences of potential proportional to the bioelectric impedances are measured between the two same electrodes of the same catheter.
17. Implantable device according to claim 11) in which the measurement electric currents are applied between two electrodes of the intrapulmonary catheter and the differences of potential proportional to the bioelectric impedances are measured between two other electrodes of the same catheter.
18. Device according to claim 11), in which the measurement electric currents are applied between an electrode of a first intrapulmonary catheter and an electrode of a second intrapulmonary catheter and the differences of potential proportional to the bioelectric impedances are measured between another electrode of said first catheter and another electrode of the said second catheter.
19. Device according to claim 11), in which the measurement electric currents are applied between an electrode of a first intrapulmonary catheter and an electrode of a second intrapulmonary catheter and the differences of potential proportional to the bioelectric impedances, are measured between the same electrodes of the two said catheters.
20. Implantable device according to claim 11), in which the measurement electric currents are applied between an electrode of the intrapulmonary catheter (2) and the elettroconductive body of the same container (1) of the same device and the differences of potential proportional to the bioelectric impedances, are measured between another electrode of the same intrapulmonary catheter and the body of the container of the same device.
21. Implantable device according to claim 11), in which the measurement electric currents are applied between an electrode of an intrapulmonary catheter (2) and the elettroconductive body of the container (1) of the same device and the differences of potential proportional to the bioelectric impedances, are measured between the two other electrodes of the same intrapulmonary catheter.
22. Implantable device according to claim 11), in which the measurement electric currents are applied between an electrode of the intrapulmonary catheter (2) and the electroconductive body of the container (1) of the same device and the differences of potential proportional to the bioelectric impedances, are measured between the same electrode of the intrapulmonary catheter and the body of the container of the same device.
23. Implantable device according to claim 11), in which the measurement electric currents are applied between an electrode of the intrapulmonary catheter (2) and the elettroconductive body of the container (1) of the same device and between another electrode of the same intrapulmonary catheter, suitably spaced from the first electrode, and said body of the device, and the corresponding differences of potential proportional to the bioelectric impedances (Za, Zb) are measured disjointly between the same electrodes and the body of the device and means (210) are provided to obtain the bioelectric pulmonary impedance (Zc) as a difference between the two said obtained measures (Za, Zb).
24. Implantable device according to claim 10, in which the means for the detecting of the ECG comprise a differential amplifier (10) to amplify the signals detected by the measurement electrodes and comprise a band-pass filter (12) connected to the output of said differential amplifier.
25. Implantable device according to claim 24) in which the pass band filter (12) operates preferably between 0,01 and 100 Hz.
26. Implantable device according to claim 8), in which said means for the measurement of the amplitude of the R waves of the ECG comprise a differential amplifier (10) to amplify the signal detected by the measurement electrodes of the ECG, comprise a band-pass filter (112) which acts preferably between 10 and 60 Hz and comprise a sampling unit of the type sample and hold (13′).
27. Implantable device according to claim 14, characterised by comprising a conversion unit (14) to digitise the analog output signals from the sample and hold (13, 13′) and relative to the bioelectric impedance or to the R wave of the electrocardiographic signal and in output from the band-pass filter (12) which provides the electrocardiographic signal (ECG), the output of said conversion unit being connected to a processing unit (7) which provides the required temporal control to said sampling unit (13) and to the converter (14), which is assisted by a ROM (15) and RAM (16) memory unit which provide respectively the processing algorithms and which register the measured and processed data, comprehensive of the possible identification of alarm situations, said processing unit being connected to a break-in radio-frequency unit (17) with its antenna (117).
28. Implantable device according to claim 1) characterised by comprising external radio-frequency means (4, 104) by means of which the same device can be enquired and can be programmed for the diagnostic and/or therapeutic functions, also with the predisposition of alarm thresholds.
29. Implantable device according to claim 6), in which the processing means for the detected bioelectric impedance, comprise any mathematics elaboration means of the signal to detect at least the minimum and maximum values, the peak to peak amplitude, the medium value, the period, the derivate and the finite integral.
30. Implantable device according to claim 9), in which the processing means of the electrocardiogram (ECG) comprise any mathematics elaboration means of the signal to detect at least the minimum and maximum values, the peak to peak amplitude, the medium value, the period, the derivate and the finite integral.
31. Implantable device according to claim 9), in which said processing means comprise means to measure the bioelectric impedance in a pre-determined temporal relation with the electrocardiographic signal (ECG).
32. Implantable device according to claim 9), in which said processing means comprise means to determine the respiratory parameters, among which the respiratory frequency, the speed and the volume of the respiration and the ventilation per minute.
33. Implantable device according to claim 32), in which said processing means comprise means for the analysis of the bioelectric impedance in correspondence of pre-determined temporal phases of said respiratory parameters.
34. Implantable device according to claim 32), in which the processing means comprise any calculating means to detect the posture variations of the patient in relation to the bioelectric impedance variations.
35. Implantable device according to claim 32), in which said processing means comprise any calculating means to detect the posture variations of the patient in relation to the ECG variations.
36. Implantable device according to claim 32), in which said processing means comprise means which detect the posture variations of the patient in relation to the variations of the ECG and in function of the bioelectric impedance variations.
37. Implantable device according to claim 32), in which the processing means of the ECG comprise calculating means to detect the normal or pathologic of the heart due to heart failure, ischemia or arrhythmia.
38. Implantable device according to claim 1) characterised by comprising a postural sensor inside of the container (1) of the same device.
39. Implantable device according to claim 34), in which said processing means comprise means to detect the variation of the bioelectric impedance in function of the posture variations.
40. Implantable device according to claim 34), in which said processing means comprise means to detect the electrocardiogram (ECG) variations in function of the posture variations.
41. Device according to claim 1), characterised by comprising means to verify if the measured physical property depending from the density of the pulmonary tissue exceeds programmed threshold values or basal reference values and to generate consequent alarm signals, to activate the same device in the therapeutic and/or diagnostic function.
42. Implantable device according to claim 1), characterised by comprising means which in function of the measured physical properties, which depend from the density of the pulmonary tissue, and in function of the variations of said physical properties, provide to exhibit to the patient a pre-established therapy.
43. Implantable device according to claim 42), in which said therapy comprises the activation of means for the electrostimulation of the heart.
44. Implantable device according to claim 42), in which said therapy comprises the activation of means for the electric defibrillation of the heart.
45. Implantable device according to claim 42), in which said therapy comprises the activation of systems for the releasing of drugs.
46. Implantable device according to claim 42), in which said therapy comprises the activation of systems for the drainage of fluids accumulated in the body.
47. Implantable device according to claim 42), in which said therapy comprises the activation of means for the mechanical circulatory assistance to the heart.
48. Implantable device according to claim 42), in which said therapy comprises the activation of means for the stimulation and/or the electric defibrillation of the heart and/or for the exhibition of drugs and/or for the drainage of the fluids accumulated in the body and/or for the mechanical circulatory assistance to the heart.
49. Method to detect the physical properties of the pulmonary tissue depending from its density and their variations, characterised by the sequence of the following operative phases: Insertion through the intravenous way and through the heart, of at least one intrapulmonary catheter with at least a pulmonary density sensor, in a branch of the pulmonary artery, to reach the lung, and subcutaneous insertion of the container which contains the several feeding and processing means and to which said intrapulmonary catheter provided with sensors is connected; Control and programming of the implanted device by means of external means which can be connected by telemetric way with the same implanted device; Detection, by means of said intrapulmonary catheter provided with sensors, of the variations of the physical properties of the pulmonary tissue which are depending by its density, and utilisation of the results of the observation for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes.
50. Method according to claim 49), characterised by the fact that if the implantable device is provided with more catheters provided with sensors, the same catheters are placed in a same lung, in a position sufficiently spaced the one for the other.
51. Method according to claim 49), in which the intrapulmonary catheter/s provided with sensors of the implantable device are preferably placed in the right lung.
[0001] Heart failure is a serious pathologic condition of the heart, during which the amount of blood pumped by the heart is insufficient to satisfy the normal requirements of oxygen and nutrients of the body. Heart failure has several causes and is a complication of several diseases. Heart failure is more common in the older people because they are more predisposed to the primary pathologies which can be the cause of the same. Heart failure affects about 22,5 millions of persons world-wide and about 2 millions of new cases are diagnosed every year. Five millions of persons are affected by heart failure in the U.S.A., about six millions and half in Europe and about seven hundred and fifty-thousand in Italy. About the 70% of the patients with heart failure die because of said disease within ten years.
[0002] Each disease which affects the heart and which interferes with the circulation of the blood, can lead to heart failure. By far the most common disease which can lead to the heart failure is represented by the coronary disease, which reduces the blood flow to the heart and produces an infarct which can damage the cardiac muscle. This disease is predisposed by diabetes, hyperthyroidism or obesity. Diseases of the cardiac valves may obstruct the flow between the chambers of the heart and the aorta and in contrast, a defective valve produces a retrograde haematic flow. These situations increase the workload of the heart which can dilate and reduce its functionality.
[0003] Other diseases can affect the electric conduction system of the heart and may cause alteration of the rhythm, which can lead to a myocardial hypertrophy, like any muscle after months of exercise. Initially this dilatation allows a more strong contraction, but a further dilatation may lead to a reduced contractile capacity and to a heart failure.
[0004] Also hypertension and the stenosis may increase the heart workload and predispose to heart failure. Human body has physiological responses to compensate the heart failure. First are hormonal responses which cause the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline which improves the contractility of the muscle. Another corrective mechanism is the salt retention by means of the kidneys, which causes a parallel retention of water in the tissues and said fluid increases the amount of circulating blood and improves the cardiac function stretching the heart cavities.
[0005] In the failure, the fluids excess permeates the blood vessels and accumulates in several portions of the body causing oedemas.
[0006] Although the failure of a single portion of the heart causes damages to the whole heart, the symptoms of the failure of the left portion of the heart lead to a fluid retention in the pulmonary tissue (pulmonary oedema) which causes dyspnea, initially only during the physical exertion, but subsequently, as the disease progresses, it also occurs at rest.
[0007] An acute increase of the fluid in the pulmonary tissues (acute pulmonary oedema) is a life-threatening emergency.
[0008] During the first stages of the pulmonary oedema, the fluid begins to accumulate in the perivascular tissues and peribronchial pulmonary, where it forms cuffs of fluid around the small airways and the haematic vessels. When the resorption of this fluid made by means of the capillaries and the removal made by means of the lymphatic system is blocked and reduced, the alveolar oedema and the widening of the airways occurs, with consequences which can cause also death.
[0009] It is in the early phase of the process that physical and biological factors which normally regulate the volume of interstitial fluid in the pulmonary tissue, the hydrostatic pressure, the permeability and the lymphatic fluid, are the most effective to return the lung to its normal state. Because mild and moderate interstitial oedema is an early indication of the loss of balance between inlet and outlet of fluids in the lung and because in this phase is easily reversible, it is important to detect its occurrence and to monitor with continuity its progress or its resolution.
[0010] It would be opportune to have a diagnostic technique which can detect the pulmonary oedema also in the precocious phase, but unfortunately the diagnostic method nowadays available not allow this. To detect early the onset of the pulmonary oedema, it is necessary to measure the physical properties of the pulmonary tissue which are affected by the presence of small quantity of fluid which fills and dilates the interstices.
[0011] The methods which are nowadays available to detect the accumulation of fluids inside the pulmonary tissue can be invasive or non invasive.
[0012] The invasive methods consist essentially in the biopsy of the pulmonary tissue and are sensibly specific and precise.
[0013] The non invasive methods like the radiology and in general the imaging techniques, are not able to distinguish the earlier phases of the oedema from the normal variations from subject to subject.
[0014] The bioelectric impedance is one of the physical properties which depends also by the blood and fluids content in the lungs and in the past many attempts have been made to utilise the impedance measured with electrodes placed upon the chest of the body, as a non invasive method for the early diagnosis and for the quantification of the pulmonary oedema and the heart failure.
[0015] In the U.S. Pat. No. 5,788,643 (Process for monitoring patients with chronic congestive heart failure) for example, is described a system for the monitoring of patients with chronic heart failure, by means of the use of cutaneous electrodes applied on the chest. According to the measured currents and impedances, the indexes of CHF (Congestive Heart Failure) are calculated and the therapeutic intervention begins when the differences between the calculated CHF indexes and the baseline values are outside from the established tolerances.
[0016] An important limitation of the above mentioned method is due to the fact that the measurement of the transthoracic impedance is determined principally by the heart and big vessels volume which engage over the 75% of the total of the fluids contained inside the chest, while is determined only partially by the contents of fluid in the lungs. The external measure of the transthoracic impedance can be also affected by artefacts due to the movements of the body.
[0017] Several methods and implantable devices have been developed for the measurement of the impedance in the rate-responsive pacemakers, using as electrodes the stimulation standard, for example in the U.S. Pat. No. 6,044,294 (Method and apparatus for measuring the impedance in the body).
[0018] In the U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,876,353 and 5,957,861 (Impedance monitor for discerning oedema through evaluation of respiratory rate) for example, to detect the oedema is described an implantable monitoring device for the impedance assessing the respiratory rate, where the configuration of the electrodes for the measurement of the impedance can comprise a standard stimulation electrode inserted in the heart and one electrode on the surface of the implantable device. The limit of this method consists in the fact that the respiratory rate can be influenced also by several physiologic conditions of the patient, such as for example the anxious and panic conditions not correlated with the oedema, so that this same method can not detect with well-founded certainty the presence of the pulmonary oedema.
[0019] In the U.S. Pat. No. 6,104,949 (Medical device) for example, is described an implantable device to determine the degree of the heart failure, which detects both the transthoracic impedance, and the posture of the patient, where the transthoracic impedance can be measured between a standard stimulation electrode, placed in the heart, and a second sub-cutaneous electrode. The limits of this system are in the measurement of the intracardiac impedance, with the limitations above described, to be determined in a prevalent manner by the volume of the heart and of the big vessels, to which the posture sensor can not give response.
[0020] In the article “Feasibility of monitoring thoracic congestion with impedance measured from an ICD leas system in a chronic heart failure dog model” by L. Wang et al. PACE vol. 23 (Part II): 612, 2000, for example, is described experimentally a method for monitoring the thoracic congestion, in a model of CHF on the dog, with the utilisation of the impedance measured by means of an electrocatheter of an implantable defibrillator.
[0021] Also in this case, as happens with the utilisation of surface electrodes for the detection of the transthoracic impedance, the variations of the biolectric impedance detected with the utilisation of stimulation or defibrillation catheters, are mainly determined by the heart and big vessels volume and only in part by the content of fluids inside the lungs.
[0022] Moreover, in patients with heart failure, are revealed important dilatations of the volume of the heart and for this reason in the above mentioned systems is more difficult to separate the variation of the impedance due to the pulmonary density and the variation due to the heart.
[0023] In the article “Peribronchial electrical admittance measures lung edema and congestion in dog” by J. E. McNamee and M. L Brodman, J. Appl. Physiol. 49(2): 337-341, 1980, the oedema and congestion in the dog are detected, before the invasion of the fluid inside the alveoli, using a stimulation standard temporarly electrode inserted through the thrachea for the measurement of the impedance of the local tissue near the peribronchial space. It has been demonstrated how the bioelectric impedance can be a sensible index of the content of extravascular fluids in the lung in the examined region.
[0024] This method differs from the transthoracic impedance measurement with cutaneous or intracardiac electrodes, because realises a direct contact with the lung, but it is not suitable for a continuous monitoring of the bioelectric impedance, because an electrocatheter can not chronically implanted in the peribronchial space through the trachea and it is not possible an insertion of said electrode directly in the pulmonary tissue with a surgical operation.
[0025] Another important limitation connected to the utilisation of stimulation or defibrillation standard electrocatethers inserted in the heart for the measurement of the bioelectric impedance, is represented by the fact that from said electrodes it is possible to register only a local electrogram in the contact zone with the enclocardium, not suitable do describe the whole electric cardiac cycle, like happens when are used surface electrodes.
[0026] Recently have been developed subcutaneous implantable device for the monitoring of the ECG, like described, for example in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,987,352 (Minimally invasive implantable device for monitoring physiological events) but the registrations of the ECG may be affected by artefacts due to the movement or to muscular contractions and connected myoelectric signals.
[0027] The invention proposes an apparatus and a method for the detection of the physical properties of the pulmonary tissue which are depending from its density and their variations caused by a pathologic condition (heart failure, ischemia, arrhythmia), using one or more intrapulmonary catheters provided with sensors, inserted through the intravenous way and then through the heart, inside branches of the pulmonary artery. Preferably the intrapulmonary catheters are inserted in the same lung and preferably in the right lung which is less involved by the volume of the heart, so that the work of the same catheters result less disturbed by the movements of the heart during the cardiac cycle.
[0028] According to possible realisations of the invention, the intrapulmonary catheters provided with sensors may use thermal flow sensors because the accumulation of fluids modify the thermal conductivity of the pulmonary tissue, as described, for example, in “Assessment of cardiac preload and extravascular lung water by single transpulmonary thermodilution” SAKKA S. G. et al. Intensive Care Med. February 2000; 26(2):180-7, or there can be used optical sensors because the accumulation of fluids modify the trans-luminescence and/or the colour of the pulmonary tissue, as described for example in “Hear disease” E. BRAUNWALD, or may use, for example ultrasonic sensors, because the accumulation of fluids modify the propagation rate of the ultrasounds in the pulmonary tissue, as described for example in “Ultrasound properties of lung tissue and their measurements” Ultrasound in Med. & Biol. Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 483-499, 1986.
[0029] According to a preferred realisation of the invention, the catheters provided with sensors use as sensors electrodes and the physical property detected, which is depending by the density of the pulmonary tissue, is its bioelectric impedance. Moreover said electrodes, being inserted in the pulmonary tissue, can be used also to detect an electrocardiogram (ECG) without myoelectric artefacts and muscular tremors, ensuring an accurate control of the physical condition of the patient. The system for the measurement of the bioelectric impedance of the pulmonary tissue, can be a quadripolar or tripolar or bipolar system. The measurement of the bioelectric impedance of the pulmonary tissue may also occur in a pre-established temporal relation with the detected electrocardiogram or with the respiratory phases, to allow a comparison between similar pulmonary ventilation situations.
[0030] The presence in the container for the implantable device, of a ancillary sensor to detect the position of the patient, allows to recognise the modifications of the bioelectric impedance of the pulmonary tissue and/or of the ECG caused by the postural modifications of the patient.
[0031] According to an embodiment of the invention the intrapulmonary catheter provided with sensors electrodes which acquire the ECG and the detected physical property, depending upon the density of the pulmonary tissue, it is precisely the amplitude of the R wave of the acquired ECG, which was experimentally demonstrated to vary in the animal up to 50% of the base value, proportionally to the variations of the density of the pulmonary tissue.
[0032] The apparatus according to the invention can be used not only for diagnostic purposes, but also to guide and optimise the therapy of the heart diseases made with cardiac electric-stimulator and/or cardiac defibrillator and/or systems for the exhibition of drugs and/or for the drainage of the fluids accumulated in the body and/or for the mechanical circulatory assistance.
[0033] The present invention includes means for the communication with external devices by means of radio-frequency transmissions, also to make possible an automatic and remote control of the clinical situation of the patient.
[0034] The invention represents a remarkable improvement of the state of the art of the implantable devices for the therapy and the diagnosis of the heart diseases, because it allows, in one of the possible embodiments, the measurement of the specific bioelectric impedance of the pulmonary tissue, overcoming the limitations of the systems described until today, which by effecting a measurement of the transthoracic impedance with surface electrodes placed upon the skin or with electrodes placed inside the cardiac cavities, provide a measurement of the impedance determined prevalently by the variations of the volume of the heart and only partially by the contents of fluids of the pulmonary tissue, which will determine the density of the same.
[0035] Further features of the invention, and the advantages deriving therefrom, will appear better evident from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the same, made by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the figures of the attached sheet of drawings, in which:
[0036] FIG. 1 is a schematic view which shows the positioning in the human body of the implantable device with the intra-pulmonary catheters provided with sensors according to one of the solutions of the invention;
[0037] FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show with flow charts the realisations respectively with four, three and two electrodes for the measurement of the bioelectric impedance of the lung tissue of as much embodiments of the device according to the invention;
[0038] FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c show schematically as many different collocations of the electrodes in a quadripole system for the measurement of the electrical impedance;
[0039] FIG. 3a shows schematically the possible collocation of the electrodes in the tripolar for the measurement of the bioelectrical impedance;
[0040] FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c show schematically other possible collocations of the electrodes in a bipolar system for the measurement of the bioelectrical impedance;
[0041] FIGS. 5 and 5a are graphics correlated between them which show respectively the variations of the bioelectric impedance of the lung tissue and of the left ventricular telediastolic pressure in an animal subjected to an overload of the hematic flow volume, by means of liquid infusion;
[0042] FIG. 6 is a graphic which shows an electrocardiogram registered between two different electrodes in the device according to the invention implanted in an animal;
[0043] FIG. 7 is a graphic which shows the variations of the bioelectric impedance caused by the respiration, registered by means of an intrapulmonary catheter device according to the invention;
[0044] FIG. 8 shows with flow charts a simplified realisation of the invention which provides the detecting of the electrocardiogram between two electrodes of the device and the measurement of the amplitude of the waves R;
[0045] FIGS. 8a, 8b and 8c show schematically the possible collocations of the electrodes of the FIG. 8;
[0046] FIG. 9 shows with flow charts a simplified realisation of the invention which provides the detecting of the bioelectric impedance as a difference between two impedance values obtained from two points of the pulmonary tissue, interested by the respective electrodes of the intrapulmonary catheter;
[0047] FIG. 9a shows schematically the possible collocation of the electrodes in the solution of FIG. 9.
[0048] From FIG. 1 which shows a possible embodiment of the device having therapeutics and/or diagnostics objectives according to the invention, it is noted that the same device is placed inside a implantable container 1, tight sealed and biologically inert, which can be itself electrically conductive in the use as electrode and to get involved in the measurement process to which the same device is predisposed. One or more intrapulmonary catheters 2 are electrically connected to the device placed inside the container 1 and by means of the intravenous access of the human body, normally used for the implant of standard stimulating electrical-catheters and therefore through the right portion of the heart H, they are inserted inside branches of the pulmonary artery of the patient. Preferably the intrapulmonary catheters 2 above mentioned, are placed in a same lung and preferably in the right lung L which is less involved by the volume of the heart, so that the work of the same catheters results less influenced by the movements effected by cardiac muscle during the systolic and diastolic phases.
[0049] In correspondence of the terminal end of the intrapulmonary catheters 2 are provided one or more electrical conductive electrodes 3 which are used to apply the measurement currents and/or to detect the corresponding potential differences proportional to the impedance of the pulmonary tissue and/or of the electrocardiogram.
[0050] The implantable device is pre-arranged in any suitable manner for the telemetric connection with an external programming and control device 4.
[0051] From FIG. 2a it is noted that according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the device can be provided with a quadripole system of electrodes 3, placed for example in pairs upon the ends of two catheters 2, or placed with a correct distance between them upon a same catheter 2, as shown in FIG. 2b. FIG. 2c shows a further quadripole solution, with a single catheter 2 provided on the end with three electrodes suitably spaced between them and with the fourth electrode which is constituted by the electrically conductor body of the container 1 of the device. With numerals 3, 3′ are indicated the emission electrodes for the measuring currents and with 103, 103′ are shown the reception electrodes, to detect the corresponding differences of potential proportional to the bioelectric impedance and/or to detect the electrocardiogram.
[0052] From the flow chart of FIG. 2, which shows the realisation details of the quadripole solution as from FIGS. 2a and 2b, it is noted that the current generators 5 and 6, under the time control of the microprocessor 7, generate an electric current of measure l, having a correct value, through the electrodes 3, 3′ of the intrapulmonary catheters system above mentioned. During the formation of said current impulses, to allow the flow of the same current only through the electrodes 3, 3′, by means of the block 9, the processor 7 temporarily disconnects the reference electrode constituted by the body of the container 1 of the device.
[0053] The reception electrodes 103, 103′ are connected to a differential amplifier 10 which amplifies the differences of potential detected, proportional to the impedance of the pulmonary tissue and to the electrocardiographic signal. The output of the amplifier 10 is connected to the input of the high pass filter 11 and of the band pass filter 12, the first of which has a cut-off frequency of about 1 kHz and provides in output a signal S1 proportional to the bioelectric pulmonary impedance, while the band pass filter works preferably in frequency band comprised between 0,01 and 100 Hz and gives an output signal S2 which represents the electrocardiogram.
[0054] The outlet of the high pass filter 11 is connected to a sample and hold circuit 13 which samples the inlet signal and which supplies an analog signal S1′ proportionate to the bioelectric impedance of the pulmonary tissue explored by the catheters 2.
[0055] The analog to digital converter 14, digitises the signal S1′ and S2 for the processing unit 7 which receives the necessary algorithm for the various phases of the elaboration, by means of a ROM 15. The data elaborated by the unit 7 are stored in a RAM memory unit 16.
[0056] The telemetric unit 17, with its own antenna 117, ensures the necessary bi-directional communication with the antenna 104 of the external programming and enquiry unit 4 shown in FIG. 1.
[0057] The solution shown in FIG. 3a shows a tripolar measurement system which provides two electrodes 3 and 103 placed at the terminal end of a single intrapulmonary catheter 2 inserted in a branch of the pulmonary artery as from the FIG. 1 and the electrodes 3 and 103 coinciding with a reference electrode, constituted by the electroconductive body of the container 1. From FIG. 3 it is noticed that the microprocessor 7 drives the current generator 5 to feed the current impulses between the electrode 3 and the reference electrode constituted by the external body of the container 1, for the measurement of the bioelectric impedance of the portion of pulmonary tissue comprised between said electrode 3 of the intrapulmonary catheter 2 and the container 1. The difference of potential following to said current impulse and proportional to the bioelectric impedance is (measured) between the electrode 103 and the reference electrode constituted by the elettroconductive body of the container 1 and it is amplified by the amplifier 110 the output signal of which passes through the high pass filter 11 of the type above mentioned with reference to the FIG. 2, which eliminates the low frequency signals, like the electrocardiographic signals. The outlet signal from the filter 11 is then sampled by the sample and hold unit 13 which is under the temporal control of the processor 7.
[0058] The electrocardiographic signal is then detected between the electrodes 3, 103, is amplified by means of the differential amplifier 10 and filtered by the band pass filter 12 which is similar to the one of FIG. 2.
[0059] The following analog to digital conversion unit 14 digitises the signals relatives to the electrocardiogram S2 to the impedance S1 and transfers the same to the process unit 7 which, like in the previous case, is helped by the memories 15 and 16 and which is connected to the telemetric unit 17, with its own antenna 117.
[0060] The solution shown in FIG. 4a is relative to a system for the bipolar measurement which provides the utilisation of a single intrapulmonary catheter 2 with a single electrode 3≡103 while the electrodes 3′ and 103′ coincide with the reference electrode constituted by the elettroconductive body of the container 1 of the implanted device which is referred to. The bipolar solution shown in FIG. 4b provides the use of a single catheter 2 with two emitting electrodes 3, 3′ suitably spaced at the ends, with the reception electrode 103 which coincides with 3 and with the electrode 103′ which coincides with 3′, while the bipolar solution according to FIG. 4 provides the use of two catheters 2 with corresponding emission electrodes 3, 3′ at the ends. Also in this case the reception electrode 103 coincides with 3 and the electrode 103′ coincides with 3′.
[0061] From the flow chart of FIG. 4, which shows the constructive details of the bipolar solution as from FIG. 4a, it is noted that measurement electric current which derives from the current generator 5, is applied between the electrode 3 of the intrapulmonary catheter and the body of the container 1 and the corresponding difference of potential proportional to the bioelectric impedance, is measured between the same electrodes. In the same time, said electrodes are used to detect the electrocardiographic signal. The electrode 103≡3 is connected to a wide band amplifier 110 which amplifies both the signals correspondent to the bioelectric impedance and to the ECG. The output of the amplifier 4 is connected to a couple of high pass and band pass filters 11 and 12 similar to these of FIG. 2 and the signal which comes out from the filter 11 is sampled by the unit 13 controlled by the processor 7.
[0062] The output analog signals from the unit 13 and from the filter 12 are digitised by the converter 14 and then processed by the processing unit 7 assisted by the memories 15 and 16 and connected to the telemetric unit 17 with its own antenna 117.
[0063] It is to be understood that the realisations illustrated with reference to the FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 are only some of the possible realisations of the device according to the invention and that other realisations must be considered protected by the same invention if adopt the same solution idea object of the invention. For example, a tripolar system as from FIG. 9a, is suitable to detect the signals relative to the event to be mentioned, which are not influenced by contact resistors of the electrodes. The diagram of the FIG. 9 relates to a solution as from FIG. 9a, according to which the measurement currents produced by the generator 5 are alternatively applied, with a suitable temporal phase displacement determined by the static switch 109, between an electrode 3 of the intrapulmonary catheter 2 and the electroconductive body 1 of the device and a further electrode 3′ of the same catheter 2, opportunely displaced from said electrode 3, and the same body 1. The output signals from the sample and hold units 113, 113′, which process the output signal from the band pass filter 12 which comes from the amplifier 110, correspond to the impedances Za and Zb measured between each of said electrodes and the body of the device and these same signals are provided in input to an amplifier 210 which gives an output signal Zc corresponding to the difference between the input signals and which is relative to the bioelectric impedance of the portion of pulmonary tissue explored by the said electrodes (see FIG. 9a). Because the same measures of Za and Zb are influenced by the contact resistance of the electrodes, their difference (Za−Zb=Zc) will result relative to the pure bioelectrical impedance of the pulmonary tissue explored by the catheter of the device, without said contact resistances which cancel out reciprocally in said equation.
[0064] The curves of the FIGS. 5 and 5a show respectively the variations of the bioelectrical impedance Z in the pulmonary tissue, derived from an elaboration of the output signal from the block 13 and the variations of the telediastolic pressure P of the left ventricle, obtained with the usual pressure systems, in an animal exposed to a liquid overload by means of venous infusion of a glucosed solution which begins in the instant t1, and which ends in the instant t2 and which goes on few minutes. It can be noted how the haematic volume overload, caused by the infusion of liquids in the animal and documented by the variations of the left ventricular telediastolic pressure P, it is precisely detected by the variations of the bioelectrical impedance Z of the pulmonary tissue, which is reduced for the increase of the interstitial fluid.
[0065] The diagram of FIG. 6 shows an electrocardiographic tracing ECG as appears at the output of the band pass filter 12. It is evident the clearness of the ECG tracing which appears morphological similar to the one that can be obtained by means of a system with external electrodes.
[0066] The curve Zr shown in the diagram of FIG. 7 is derivable from the output of the block 13 of FIG. 2 and shows the bioelectrical impedance variations detectable at the output of the amplifier 10 of the solution of FIG. 2, due to the respiration.
[0067] As mentioned in the introduction of the present description, from the analysis of the electrocardiogram obtained by means of the device is referred to, it is noted that the R waves of the same electrocardiogram ECG of FIG. 6, tends to reduce its amplitude with a degree which is directly proportional to the increase of the fluid in the pulmonary tissue, until reach reduction of about 50% in the critical phase.
[0068] The device according to the invention can be pre-arranged with a more simplified solution respect to the solution described with reference to the FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 (see further) to detect by means of the catheter/catheters provided with sensors, the electrocardiographic signal and to detect the amplitude of the R waves of the signal of FIG. 6.
[0069] The solution shown in FIG. 8a is relative to a system for the detection of the electrocardiogram and for the measurement of the amplitude of the waves R, which provides the utilisation of a single intrapulmonary catheter 2 with two electrodes 103 and 103′ opportunely spaced between them at the ends. The solution shown in the FIG. 8b provides on the other hand the utilisation of a single intrapulmonary catheter with an end electrode 103, while as electrode 103′ is utilised the electroconductive body of the container 1. The solution of FIG. 8c provides on the other end the utilisation of two intrapulmonary catheters 2 with corresponding electrodes 103 and 103′ at the ends.
[0070] From the flow charts of FIG. 8, which shows the realisations details of a simplified solution of the invention for the detecting of the electrocardiogram and for the analysis of the amplitude of the waves R, as from FIGS. 8a, 8b and 8c, it is noted that the reception electrodes 103 and 103′ are connected to the differential amplifier 10. The output of the amplifier 10 is connected to the input of the band pass filters 12 and 112, the first of which works preferably in a band of frequencies comprised between about 0,01 and 100 Hz and in output gives a signal S2 which represents the electrocardiogram, while the second band pass filter 112 works preferably in a frequency band which is comprised between about 10 and 60 Hz and which gives in output a signal S2′ which represents the only R waves of the electrocardiogram. The output S2 of the band pass filter 112 is connected to a sample and hold circuit 13′, which samples the input signal and which provides in output an analog signal S2″, relative to the amplitude of the R waves of the electrocardiogram. The analog-to-digital converter 14 digitises the signals S and S″ for the process unit 7, which receives the necessary algorithms for the various portions of elaboration, from the ROM memory 15. The data processed by the unit 17 are stored in the RAM memory unit 16. The telemetric unit 17, with its own antenna 117, ensures the required bi-directional communication with the antenna 104 of the programming and enquiry external unit 4 as shown in FIG. 1.
[0071] It is to be understood that a same device cam be pre-arranged to detect both the variations of the bioelectrical impedance, both the variations of the amplitude of the R wave of the electrocardiogram obtained by means of the intrapulmonary catheter/s.
[0072] The process unit 7 of the several shown solutions, may be programmed to generate alarm signals if the measured quantities surpass the threshold values set out in the ROM 15 or from reference basic values and to activate the same device in its therapeutic and/or diagnostic functions. In case of alarm, the device can activate the exhibition to the patient of a suitable therapy, for example the activation of means for the electro-stimulation and/or for the electric defibrillation of the heart and/or the activation of means for the release of drugs and/or the activation of systems for the drainage of fluids accumulated in the body and/or means for the activation of means for the circulatory mechanic assistance of the heart.
[0073] It is to be understood that the description is refereed to a preferred embodiment of the invention, to which can be brought several variations and modifications, which can be referred for example to the use of computation means or physical means, placed for example inside the container which achieve the same of the device, to detect the postural variation of the patient and to correlate with these the signal relative to the bioelectrical impedance and to the electrocardiographic signal.
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HANDHELD COMPUTING PLATFORM WITH INTEGRATED PRESSURE SENSOR AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF USE
Receipt of user input may be facilitated using a handheld computing platform with an integrated pressure sensor. Exemplary implementations may allow a user to simply squeeze the handheld computing platform in order to control one or more aspects of operation of the handheld computing platform. That is, instead of tapping a touch screen or pressing buttons, a user may merely need to apply compressive pressure to the handheld computing platform by applying opposing forces to opposing surfaces of the handheld computing platform. By way of non-limiting example, the one or more aspects of operation controlled by squeezing the handheld computing platform may include one or more of input of a value, selection from a menu, manipulation of a virtual object, entry of a password or a code, interaction with a fitness program, interaction with a rehabilitation and/or medical treatment program, interaction with a game, and/or other aspects of operation.
Yanev, Kostadin Dimitrov (Alamo, CA, US)
EZ AS A DRINK PRODUCTIONS, INC.
G06F3/01
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DHARIA, PRABODH M
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman, LLP (PO Box 10500 McLean VA 22102)
1. A handheld computing platform with an integrated pressure sensor to facilitate receipt of user input, the handheld computing platform comprising: a housing body configured to house components of the handheld computing platform; a pressure sensor disposed within the housing body, the pressure sensor being configured to provide a pressure signal conveying information associated with a compressive pressure applied to the housing body, the pressure signal being provided responsive to the housing body being squeezed by two opposing forces applied to opposing surfaces of the housing body; one or more processors disposed within the housing body, the one or more processors being configured to execute one or more computer program modules, the one or more computer program modules comprising: a squeeze interpretation module configured to receive the pressure signal provided by the pressure sensor and interpret the pressure signal to control one or more aspects of operation of the handheld computing platform.
2. The handheld computing platform of claim 1, wherein the two opposing forces are applied to any opposing surfaces of the housing body.
3. The handheld computing platform of claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor is further configured to provide a second pressure signal conveying information associated with a second compressive pressure applied to the housing body, the second pressure signal being provided responsive to the housing body being squeezed by two opposing forces applied to a second set of opposing surfaces of the housing body.
4. The handheld computing platform of claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor comprises a stress gauge configured to facilitate measuring stress undergone by the housing body.
5. The handheld computing platform of claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor comprises a deflection gauge configured to facilitate measuring a deflection undergone by the housing body.
6. The handheld computing platform of claim 1, wherein the compressive pressure must breach a threshold magnitude for the pressure signal to be provided.
7. The handheld computing platform of claim 1, wherein the one or more aspects of operation of the handheld computing platform include one or more of: input of a value; selection from a menu; manipulation of a virtual object; entry of a password or a code; interaction with a fitness program; interaction with a rehabilitation program; interaction with a medical treatment program; or interaction with a game.
8. The handheld computing platform of claim 7, wherein the value inputted based on the pressure signal is an analog value or a digital value.
9. The handheld computing platform of claim 7, wherein entry of the password or the code based on the pressure signal is achieved by a sequence of squeezes performed on the handheld computing platform.
10. The handheld computing platform of claim 7, wherein manipulation of the virtual object based on the pressure signal is further based on an accelerometer signal conveying a position and/or a change in position of the handheld computing platform.
11. The handheld computing platform of claim 7, wherein the fitness program includes squeezing the handheld computing platform with a threshold force, for a threshold duration of time, and/or for a number of repetitions.
12. The handheld computing platform of claim 1, wherein the squeeze interpretation module is further configured to receive multiple contemporaneous pressure signals provided by the pressure sensor and interpret the multiple contemporaneous pressure signals to control one or more aspects of operation of the handheld computing platform.
13. The handheld computing platform of claim 1, wherein the squeeze interpretation module is further configured to interpret the pressure signal to control one or more aspects of operation of the handheld computing platform based on a position on the handheld computing platform on which the opposing forces were applied.
14. The handheld computing platform of claim 1, wherein the handheld computing platform is configured to be removably coupled with an accessory, the accessory being configured to facilitate squeezing the housing body by two opposing forces applied to opposing surfaces of the housing body.
15. The handheld computing platform of claim 1, wherein the one or more computer program modules further comprise a compressive pressure quantification module configured to quantify the compressive pressure applied to the housing body.
16. The handheld computing platform of claim 13, wherein the compressive pressure quantification module is configured to quantify the compressive pressure applied to the housing body on an arbitrary scale.
17. The handheld computing platform of claim 13, wherein the compressive pressure quantification module is configured to quantify the compressive pressure applied to the housing body in absolute units.
18. A method of facilitating receipt of user input using a handheld computing platform with an integrated pressure sensor, the method comprising: receiving, using one or more processors, a pressure signal conveying information associated with a compressive pressure applied to a housing body of the handheld computing platform, the pressure signal being provided by a pressure sensor disposed within the housing body, the pressure signal being provided responsive to the housing body being squeezed by two opposing forces applied to opposing surfaces of the housing body; and interpreting, using one or more processors, the pressure signal to control one or more aspects of operation of the handheld computing platform.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more aspects of operation of the handheld computing platform include one or more of: input of a value; selection from a menu; manipulation of a virtual object; entry of a password or a code; interaction with a fitness program; interaction with a rehabilitation program; interaction with a medical treatment program; or interaction with a game.
20. The method of claim 18, further comprising quantifying the compressive pressure applied to the housing body.
21. An apparatus having an integrated pressure sensor for facilitating user input involving variable forces and/or positions on which forces are applied, the apparatus comprising: a housing body configured to house a portion of a handheld computing platform; and a pressure sensor integrated within the housing body, the pressure sensor being configured to provide a first signal conveying information associated with a first force applied to the housing body; wherein the pressure sensor is configured to be communicatively coupled with one or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to interpret the signal provided by the pressure sensor to determine user input based on one or both of (1) a magnitude of the first force or (2) a position on the housing body on which the first force was applied.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the user input controls one or more aspects of operation of the handheld computing platform.
23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the one or more aspects of operation of the handheld computing platform include one or more of input of a value, selection from a menu, manipulation of a virtual object, entry of a password or a code, interaction with a fitness program, interaction with a rehabilitation program, interaction with a medical treatment program, or interaction with a game.
24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the pressure sensor is further configured to provide a second signal conveying information associated with a second force applied to the housing body, the second force being applied contemporaneously with the first force.
25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to interpret the signal provided by the pressure sensor to determine the user input based on one or both of (1) a magnitude of the second force or (2) a position on the housing body on which the second force was applied.
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
This disclosure relates to systems and methods associated with a handheld computing platform with an integrated pressure sensor to facilitate receipt of user input.
Handheld computing platforms continue to gain popularity in the marketplace. Examples of these platforms may include Smartphones, handheld computers, handheld gaming consoles, handheld exercise devices, and/or other handheld computing platforms. User interactions with existing handheld computing platforms, particularly with respect to input, is typically limited to using buttons, touchscreens, and/or voice commands.
One aspect of the disclosure relates to a system configured to facilitate receipt of user input using a handheld computing platform with an integrated pressure sensor, in accordance with one or more implementations. Exemplary implementations may allow a user to simply squeeze the handheld computing platform in order to control one or more aspects of operation the handheld computing platform. That is, instead of tapping a touch screen or pressing buttons, a user may merely need to apply compressive pressure to the handheld computing platform by applying opposing forces to opposing surfaces of the handheld computing platform. By way of non-limiting example, the one or more aspects of operation controlled by squeezing the handheld computing platform may include one or more of input of a value, selection from a menu, manipulation of a virtual object, entry of a password or a code, interaction with a fitness program, interaction with a rehabilitation program, interaction with a medical treatment program, interaction with a game, and/or other aspects of operation.
The handheld computing platform may comprise a housing body. The housing body may be configured to house components of the handheld computing platform. The pressure sensor may be disposed within the housing body. The pressure sensor may be configured to provide a pressure signal conveying information associated with a compressive pressure applied to the housing body. The pressure signal may be provided responsive to the housing body being squeezed by two opposing forces applied to opposing surfaces of the housing body. By way of non-limiting example, one of the opposing forces may be provided by a body part of a user (e.g., finger, hand, knee, and/or other body parts), a fixed surface (e.g., a tabletop, a doorway, and/or other fixed surface), an accessory (e.g., a strap, a stick, and/or other accessory), and/or other objects.
In some implementations, the handheld computing platform may include a display, one or more buttons, and/or other components. The display may be disposed within the housing body. In implementations where the display comprises a touchscreen, touch functionality may be configured to be disabled to avoid confusion between touch-based input and squeeze-based input. According to some implementations, compressive pressure may be required to breach a threshold magnitude for the pressure signal to be provided by the pressure sensor to avoid confusion between touch-based input and squeeze-based input, and/or to avoid inadvertent squeeze-based input.
The button(s) may be disposed within holes in the housing body. Individual ones of button(s) may be configured to facilitate user input responsive to being depressed. Examples of button(s) may include one or more of a power button, a volume button, and/or other buttons. According to some implementations, a squeeze-based input may override a button-based input to avoid confusion between button-based input and squeeze-based input.
The handheld computing platform may be configured to execute one or more computer program modules. The computer program modules may include one or more of a squeeze interpretation module, a compressive pressure quantification module, and/or other modules.
The squeeze interpretation module may be configured to receive the pressure signal provided by the pressure sensor. The squeeze interpretation module may be configured to interpret the pressure signal to control one or more aspects of operation the handheld computing platform. The one or more aspects of operation of the handheld computing platform may include one or more of input of a value, selection from a menu, manipulation of a virtual object, entry of a password or a code, interaction with a fitness program, interaction with a rehabilitation program, interaction with a medical treatment program, interaction with a game, and/or other aspects of operation. It will be appreciated that the various interactions listed above may include interactions that involve a user interface of the handheld computing platform, and/or interactions that do not involve interactions with a user interface. Examples of a user interface may include a display, a touchscreen, a speaker, and/or other interfaces configured to receive information from and/or provide information to a user.
A value inputted based on the pressure signal may be an analog value or a digital value. Digital values having very fine granularity may be interpreted by a user as quasi-analog input. By way of non-limiting example, a user may squeeze the handheld computing platform with varying forces in order to enter a value on a quasi-analog meter presented on the display where smaller forces correspond to smaller values on the meter and larger forces correspond to larger values on the meter. As another example, a user may enter a height of the user in a text field presented on the display where smaller forces correspond to shorter heights and larger forces correspond to taller heights.
Entry of a password or code based on the pressure signal may be achieved by a sequence of squeezes performed on the handheld computing platform. For example, a user may perform different magnitudes and/or different durations of squeezes on the handheld computing platform. To illustrate, a user may perform a specific combination of short and long squeezes on the handheld computing platform as a password. Combinations of squeezes on different locations of the handheld computing platform may be used as a password, according to some implementations.
Manipulation of a virtual object based on the pressure signal may be further based on an accelerometer signal conveying a position and/or a change in position of the handheld computing platform. For example, a virtual object may be “grasped” by squeezing the handheld computing platform. The position of the virtual object may be controlled through corresponding a position and/or a change in position of the handheld computing platform. The accelerometer signal may be provided by an accelerometer (not depicted) and/or other position detection device included in the handheld computing platform. In one implementation, exertion and release of pressure may respectively result in zoom-in and zoom-out of a three-dimensional virtual space.
A fitness program may include squeezing the handheld computing platform. This may be used during isometric and/or dynamic exercise routines. The fitness program may include squeezing the handheld computing platform with a threshold force, for a threshold duration of time, for a number of repetitions, and/or other exercise metrics.
The squeeze interpretation module may be configured to receive multiple contemporaneous pressure signals provided by the pressure sensor. The squeeze interpretation module may be configured to interpret the multiple contemporaneous pressure signals to control one or more aspects of operation of the handheld computing platform.
The squeeze interpretation module may be configured to interpret the pressure signal to control one or more aspects of operation of the handheld computing platform based on a position on the handheld computing platform on which the opposing forces were applied. By way of non-limiting example, squeezing front and rear surfaces of the handheld computing platform may correspond to one input, while squeezing top and bottom surfaces of the handheld computing platform may correspond to another input.
The compressive pressure quantification module may be configured to quantify the compressive pressure applied to the housing body. The compressive pressure quantification module may be configured to quantify the compressive pressure applied to the housing body on an arbitrary scale such as a scale between one and ten, a scale between one and five stars, and/or other arbitrary scale. The compressive pressure quantification module may be configured to quantify the compressive pressure or force (or other suitable metric) applied to the housing body in absolute units such as pounds (lb), kilograms (kg), Newtons (N), pounds per square inch (PSI), Pascals (Pa), Newtons per meters squared (N/m2), and/or other absolute units.
These and other features, and characteristics of the present technology, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related elements of structure and the combination of parts and economies of manufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following description and the appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the various figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention. As used in the specification and in the claims, the singular form of “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
FIG. 1 illustrates a system configured to facilitate receipt of user input using a handheld computing platform with an integrated pressure sensor, in accordance with one or more implementations.
FIG. 2 illustrates a method of facilitating receipt of user input using a handheld computing platform with an integrated pressure sensor, in accordance with one or more implementations.
FIG. 1 illustrates a system 100 configured to facilitate receipt of user input using a handheld computing platform 102 with an integrated pressure sensor 104, in accordance with one or more implementations. Exemplary implementations may allow a user to simply squeeze handheld computing platform 102 in order to control one or more aspects of operation handheld computing platform 102. That is, instead of tapping a touch screen or pressing buttons, a user may merely need to apply compressive pressure to handheld computing platform 102 by applying opposing forces to opposing surfaces of handheld computing platform 102. By way of non-limiting example, the one or more aspects of operation controlled by squeezing handheld computing platform 102 may include one or more of input of a value, selection from a menu, manipulation of a virtual object, entry of a password or a code, interaction with a fitness program, interaction with a rehabilitation program, interaction with a medical treatment program, interaction with a game, and/or other aspects of operation.
The handheld computing platform 102 may comprise a housing body 106. The housing body 106 may be configured to house components of handheld computing platform 102. The housing body 106 may form a shell that encloses components of handheld computing platform 102. The housing body 106 may be a unitary body or may be comprised on two or more pieces that are joined together to form housing body 106. The housing body 106 may be made of one or more materials such as a plastic and/or other durable, semi-rigid materials suitable to form outer surfaces of handheld computing platforms. At least a portion of housing body 106 may be opaque, translucent, and/or transparent. In some implementations, handheld computing platform 102 may include more than one housing body, such as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/527,465 filed on Jun. 19, 2012 and entitled “Personal Wellness Device,” which is incorporated herein by reference. The multiple housing bodies may be configured to provide an open and closed configuration (e.g., the common “clamshell” design). Compressive pressure may be applied to such implementations in the closed configuration.
The pressure sensor 104 may be disposed within housing body 106. The pressure sensor 104 may be configured to provide a pressure signal conveying information associated with a compressive pressure applied to housing body 106. By way of non-limiting example, pressure sensor 104 may comprise a stress gauge configured to facilitate measuring stress undergone by housing body 106, a deflection gauge configured to facilitate measuring a deflection undergone by housing body 106, and/or other devices suitable for facilitating pressure measurements. In some implementations, handheld computing platform 102 may include two or more pressure sensors that are the same as or similar to pressure sensor 104. The two or more pressure sensors may provide separate pressure signals, or the two or more pressure sensors may provide signals that are combined into a single pressure signal.
The pressure signal may be provided responsive to housing body 106 being squeezed by two opposing forces applied to opposing surfaces of housing body 106. The opposing forces may be applied by a user's hand, a user's other body parts, and/or other objects capable of applying pressure. In some implementations, handheld computing platform 102 may be configured to be removably coupled with an accessory (not depicted). The accessory may be configured to facilitate squeezing housing body 106 by two opposing forces applied to opposing surfaces of housing body 106. The accessory may include a strap, an elastic band, a stick, and/or other accessories. The accessory may include a device configured to adapt handheld computing platform 102 to operate as a weight scale. For example, such an accessory may include a form factor similar to a bathroom scale that has a recessed area into which handheld computing platform 102 may be removably disposed.
Examples of opposing surfaces may include a front surface and a rear surface, a top surface and a bottom surface, a left surface and a right surface, diagonally opposing surfaces, and/or other opposing surfaces of handheld computing platform 102. In some implementations, the two opposing forces may be applied to any opposing surfaces of housing body 106. Squeezing housing body 106 by two opposing forces applied to opposing surfaces of housing body 106 does not include tapping and/or dragging on a touchscreen, pressing buttons, or other input methods that merely require force in one direction instead of two opposing forces applied to two opposing surfaces. Opposing forces may be applied to entire opposing surfaces and/or portions of opposing surfaces. For example, a user may squeeze handheld computing platform 102 using two opposing palms that cover entire opposing surfaces. As another example, a user may squeeze handheld computing platform 102 using a thumb and index finger that contact portions of opposing surfaces.
In some implementations, pressure sensor 104 may be configured to provide multiple pressure signals conveying information associated with multiple pressures applied to housing body 106. Individual ones of the multiple pressure signals may be provided responsive to housing body 106 being squeezed multiple pairs of opposing forces applied to multiple sets of opposing surfaces of housing body 106.
In some implementations, handheld computing platform 102 may include a display 108, one or more buttons 110, and/or other components. The display 108 disposed within housing body 106. The display 108 may be configured to present visual information. The display 108 may be visible through a transparent portion of housing body 106. The display 108 may comprise a touchscreen, an LCD display, and/or other display apparatus. In implementations where display 108 comprises a touchscreen, touch functionality may be configured to be disabled to avoid confusion between touch-based input and squeeze-based input. According to some implementations, compressive pressure may be required to breach a threshold magnitude for the pressure signal to be provided by pressure sensor 104 to avoid confusion between touch-based input and squeeze-based input, and/or to avoid inadvertent squeeze-based input.
The button(s) 110 may be disposed within holes in housing body 106. Individual ones of button(s) 110 may be configured to facilitate user input responsive to being depressed. Examples of button(s) 110 may include one or more of a power button, a volume button, and/or other buttons. According to some implementations, a squeeze-based input may override a button-based input to avoid confusion between button-based input and squeeze-based input.
The handheld computing platform 102 may be configured to execute one or more computer program modules. The computer program modules may include one or more of a squeeze interpretation module 112, a compressive pressure quantification module 114, and/or other modules.
The squeeze interpretation module 112 may be configured to receive the pressure signal provided by pressure sensor 104. The squeeze interpretation module 112 may be configured to interpret the pressure signal to control one or more aspects of operation handheld computing platform 102. The one or more aspects of operation of handheld computing platform 102 may include one or more of input of a value, selection from a menu, manipulation of a virtual object, entry of a password or a code, interaction with a fitness program, interaction with a rehabilitation program, interaction with a medical treatment program, interaction with a game, and/or other aspects of operation. It will be appreciated that the various interactions listed above may include interactions that involve a user interface (not depicted) of the handheld computing platform, and/or interactions that do not involve interactions with a user interface. Examples of a user interface may include a display, a touchscreen, a speaker, and/or other interfaces configured to receive information from and/or provide information to a user.
A value inputted based on the pressure signal may be an analog value or a digital value. Digital values having very fine granularity may be interpreted by a user as quasi-analog input. By way of non-limiting example, a user may squeeze handheld computing platform 102 with varying forces in order to enter a value on a quasi-analog meter presented on display 108 where smaller forces correspond to smaller values on the meter and larger forces correspond to larger values on the meter. As another example, a user may enter a height of the user in a text field presented on display 108 where smaller forces correspond to shorter heights and larger forces correspond to taller heights.
Entry of a password or code based on the pressure signal may be achieved by a sequence of squeezes performed on handheld computing platform 102. For example, a user may perform different magnitudes and/or different durations of squeezes on handheld computing platform 102. To illustrate, a user may perform a specific combination of short and long squeezes on handheld computing platform 102 as a password. Combinations of squeezes on different locations of handheld computing platform 102 may be used as a password, according to some implementations.
Manipulation of a virtual object based on the pressure signal may be further based on an accelerometer signal conveying a position and/or a change in position of handheld computing platform 102. For example, a virtual object may be “grasped” by squeezing handheld computing platform 102. The position of the virtual object may be controlled through corresponding a position and/or a change in position of handheld computing platform 102. The accelerometer signal may be provided by an accelerometer (not depicted) and/or other position detection device included in handheld computing platform 102. In one implementation, exertion and release of pressure may respectively result in zoom-in and zoom-out of a three-dimensional virtual space.
A fitness program may include squeezing handheld computing platform 102. This may be used during isometric and/or dynamic exercise routines. The fitness program may include squeezing handheld computing platform 102 with a threshold force, for a threshold duration of time, for a number of repetitions, and/or other exercise metrics. According to some implementations, the fitness program may include squeezing handheld computing platform 102 to achieve a variable target force over time. For example, a graphical indication, audible indication, and/or other indication may convey to a user when the force applied is above or below a target force. The target force may change over time, according to a fitness program. The target force may change responsive to the applied force equaling the target force.
The squeeze interpretation module 112 may be configured to receive multiple contemporaneous pressure signals provided by pressure sensor 104. The squeeze interpretation module 112 may be configured to interpret the multiple contemporaneous pressure signals to control one or more aspects of operation of the handheld computing platform.
The squeeze interpretation module 112 may be configured to interpret the pressure signal to control one or more aspects of operation of handheld computing platform 102 based on a position on handheld computing platform 102 on which the opposing forces were applied. By way of non-limiting example, squeezing front and rear surfaces of handheld computing platform 102 may correspond to one input, while squeezing top and bottom surfaces of handheld computing platform 102 may correspond to another input.
The compressive pressure quantification module 114 may be configured to quantify the compressive pressure applied to housing body 106. The compressive pressure quantification module 114 may be configured to quantify the compressive pressure applied to housing body 106 on an arbitrary scale such as a scale between one and ten, a scale between one and five stars, and/or other arbitrary scale. The compressive pressure quantification module 114 may be configured to quantify the compressive pressure or force (or other suitable metric) applied to housing body 106 in absolute units such as pounds (lb), kilograms (kg), Newtons (N), pounds per square inch (PSI), Pascals (Pa), Newtons per meters squared (N/m2), and/or other absolute units.
In some implementations, handheld computing platform 102 may be configured to communication with one or more computing platforms (e.g., one or more servers 116 and/or one or more computing platforms 118) according to a client/server architecture and/or a peer-to-peer architecture. The handheld computing platform 102, server(s) 116, computing platform(s) 118, and/or one or more external resources 120 may be operatively linked via one or more electronic communication links. For example, such electronic communication links may be established, at least in part, via a network such as the Internet and/or other networks. It will be appreciated that this is not intended to be limiting, and that the scope of this disclosure includes implementations in which handheld computing platform 102, server(s) 116, computing platform(s) 118, and/or external resource(s) 120 may be operatively linked via some other communication media.
In some implementations, a given computing platform 118 may be the same as or similar to handheld computing platform 102. A given server 116 and/or a given computing platform 118 may include one or more processors configured to execute computer program modules. The computer program modules may be configured to enable an expert or user associated with the given server 116 and/or the given computing platform 118 to interface with system 100 and/or external resource(s) 120, and/or provide other functionality attributed herein to server(s) 116 and/or computing platform(s) 118. In some implementations, one or more functions attributed herein handheld computing platform 102 may be performed by server(s) 116 and/or computing platform(s) 118. By way of non-limiting example, the given computing platform 118 may include one or more of a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a handheld computer, a tablet computing platform, a NetBook, a Smartphone, a gaming console, and/or other computing platforms.
External resource(s) 120 may include sources of information, external entities participating with system 100, and/or other resources. In some implementations, some or all of the functionality attributed herein to external resource(s) 120 may be provided by resources included in system 100.
The handheld computing platform 102 may include electronic storage 122, one or more processors 124, and/or other components. The handheld computing platform 102 may include communication lines, or ports to enable the exchange of information with a network and/or other computing platforms. Illustration of handheld computing platform 102 in FIG. 1 is not intended to be limiting. The handheld computing platform 102 may include a plurality of hardware, software, and/or firmware components operating together to provide the functionality attributed herein to handheld computing platform 102.
Electronic storage 122 may comprise non-transitory storage media that electronically stores information. The electronic storage media of electronic storage 122 may include one or both of system storage that is provided integrally (i.e., substantially non-removable) with handheld computing platform 102 and/or removable storage that is removably connectable to handheld computing platform 102 via, for example, a port (e.g., a USB port, a firewire port, etc.) or a drive (e.g., a disk drive, etc.). Electronic storage 122 may include one or more of optically readable storage media (e.g., optical disks, etc.), magnetically readable storage media (e.g., magnetic tape, magnetic hard drive, floppy drive, etc.), electrical charge-based storage media (e.g., EEPROM, RAM, etc.), solid-state storage media (e.g., flash drive, etc.), and/or other electronically readable storage media. Electronic storage 122 may include one or more virtual storage resources (e.g., cloud storage, a virtual private network, and/or other virtual storage resources). Electronic storage 122 may store software algorithms, information determined by processor(s) 124, information received from handheld computing platform 102, information received from server(s) 116, information received from computing platform(s) 118, and/or other information that enables handheld computing platform 102 to function as described herein.
The processors(s) 124 may be configured to provide information processing capabilities in handheld computing platform 102. As such, processor(s) 124 may include one or more of a digital processor, an analog processor, a digital circuit designed to process information, an analog circuit designed to process information, a state machine, and/or other mechanisms for electronically processing information. Although processor(s) 124 is shown in FIG. 1 as a single entity, this is for illustrative purposes only. In some implementations, processor(s) 124 may include a plurality of processing units. These processing units may be physically located within the same device, or processor(s) 124 may represent processing functionality of a plurality of devices operating in coordination. The processor(s) 124 may be configured to execute modules 112, 114, and/or other modules. The processor(s) 124 may be configured to execute modules 112, 114, and/or other modules by software; hardware; firmware; some combination of software, hardware, and/or firmware; and/or other mechanisms for configuring processing capabilities on processor(s) 124. As used herein, the term “module” may refer to any component or set of components that perform the functionality attributed to the module. This may include one or more physical processors during execution of processor readable instructions, the processor readable instructions, circuitry, hardware, storage media, or any other components.
It should be appreciated that although modules 112 and 114 are illustrated in FIG. 1 as being implemented within a single processing unit, in implementations in which processor(s) 124 includes multiple processing units, one or more of modules 112 and/or 114 may be implemented remotely from the other modules. The description of the functionality provided by the different modules 112 and/or 114 described below is for illustrative purposes, and is not intended to be limiting, as any of modules 112 and/or 114 may provide more or less functionality than is described. For example, one or more of modules 112 and/or 114 may be eliminated, and some or all of its functionality may be provided by other ones of modules 112 and/or 114. As another example, processor(s) 124 may be configured to execute one or more additional modules that may perform some or all of the functionality attributed below to one of modules 112 and/or 114.
FIG. 2 illustrates a method 200 of facilitating receipt of user input using a handheld computing platform with an integrated pressure sensor, in accordance with one or more implementations. The operations of method 200 presented below are intended to be illustrative. In some embodiments, method 200 may be accomplished with one or more additional operations not described, and/or without one or more of the operations discussed. Additionally, the order in which the operations of method 200 are illustrated in FIG. 2 and described below is not intended to be limiting.
In some embodiments, method 200 may be implemented in one or more processing devices (e.g., a digital processor, an analog processor, a digital circuit designed to process information, an analog circuit designed to process information, a state machine, and/or other mechanisms for electronically processing information). The one or more processing devices may include one or more devices executing some or all of the operations of method 200 in response to instructions stored electronically on an electronic storage medium. The one or more processing devices may include one or more devices configured through hardware, firmware, and/or software to be specifically designed for execution of one or more of the operations of method 200.
At an operation 202, a pressure signal conveying information associated with a compressive pressure applied to a housing body (e.g., housing body 106) of a handheld computing platform (e.g., handheld computing platform 102) may be received. The pressure signal may be provided by a pressure sensor (e.g., pressure sensor 104) disposed within the housing body. The pressure signal may be provided responsive to the housing body being squeezed by two opposing forces applied to opposing surfaces of the housing body. Operation 202 may be performed by one or more processors configured to execute a squeeze interpretation module that is the same as or similar to squeeze interpretation module 112, in accordance with one or more implementations.
At an operation 204, the pressure signal may be interpreted to control one or more aspects of operation of the handheld computing platform. In some implementations, the one or more aspects of operation of the handheld computing platform may include one or more of input of a value, selection from a menu, manipulation of a virtual object, entry of a password or a code, interaction with a fitness program, interaction with a rehabilitation program, interaction with a medical treatment program, interaction with a game, and/or other aspects of operation. Operation 204 may be performed by one or more processors configured to execute a squeeze interpretation module that is the same as or similar to squeeze interpretation module 112, in accordance with one or more implementations.
At an operation 206, the compressive pressure applied to the housing body may be quantified. Operation 206 may be performed by one or more processors configured to execute a compressive pressure quantification module that is the same as or similar to compressive pressure quantification module 114, in accordance with one or more implementations.
Although the present technology has been described in detail for the purpose of illustration based on what is currently considered to be the most practical and preferred implementations, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that the technology is not limited to the disclosed implementations, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover modifications and equivalent arrangements that are within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. For example, it is to be understood that the present technology contemplates that, to the extent possible, one or more features of any implementation can be combined with one or more features of any other implementation.
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Next Patent: Multi-Sensor Hand Detection
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How a prehistoric fruit wound up at your Super Bowl party
By Daniel Stone The Washington Post
Published Feb. 6, 2018
The Super Bowl isn't just a battle of the best football teams. It's a botanical milestone as well - the day the United States hits peak avocado. Every year for the big game, ravenous fans turn more than 65 million avocados into guacamole, which is remarkable for a prehistoric fruit that might have gone extinct thousands of years ago.
Avocados grew naturally, like all fruits, but endured where others failed by making themselves attractive to large creatures called gomphotheres, which looked like an elephant mixed with a walrus. A fruit ensures its survival by spreading its seeds. Gomphotheres could easily pass the avocados' large seeds through their spacious digestive tracts, distributing them across the landscape.
Eleven thousand years later, the Aztecs invented guacamole. "Avocado" comes from the Aztec word "ahuacatl," a derivative of the word for testicle, based on how the fruit grows droopy and in pairs. The Aztecs also called it the "fertility fruit," based on their belief that it boosted virility (a finding that modern science hasn't quite backed up).
An American "food spy" named David Fairchild, on assignment for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, picked up the fruit in Chile in the 1890s with the intention of introducing it to U.S. farmers and American palates. But today, Mexico is the world's leading supplier of avocados. When California growing season ends each September, Mexican farmers kick their production into high gear, particularly in the state of Michoacan, where avocados are so lucrative that some fields are protected by armed guards.
As with kale or quinoa, one way to explain the avocado renaissance is marketing. Why else would an ancient fruit rather suddenly boom in popularity in - of all places - Brooklyn, where an "avocado bar" called the Avocaderia fills its Instagram feed with portraits of naked avocados in artful compositions?
Avocado production consumption took off beginning in the 1990s, which coincides with the first big marketing campaigns. The media-savvy Hass Avocado Board promotes the fruit as though it were a rock star, publicizing its many health benefits related to immunity, weight loss and cardiovascular disease. The Hass board shared some of its marketing secrets in a 2015 report, and among them was this unsubtle tip: "Large, illustrated ads create excitement." That helps explain how avocados ended up with the largest illustrated promotion on the planet, a Super Bowl ad, paid for by industry group Avocados from Mexico, along with a mobile game that transports users to sunny "Avocadoland" and "Guacapulco."
Chefs are also responsible for innovations that fuel popularity. Avocados are ancient, but the first time The Washington Post mentioned an "avocado smoothie" was in 2000 (in an article about Eden Center, the Vietnamese shopping center in northern Virginia). "Avocado toast" didn't come up until 2013. The green flesh is now mushed, salted and mounted on bread at coffee shops across America, and mocked as the bane of millennial savings accounts.
Demand for avocados shows no sign of declining, and not only in the United States. The Netherlands' consumption of avocados isn't far behind America's, and China's growing appetite has surged 250 percent each year since 2012. Last spring, a three-week avocado promotion at China's 5,000 KFC restaurants had to end early when the country ran out.
Can the avocado-producing countries sustain such worldwide zest? So far, yes. But growing exports are pushing Mexican farmers nearly to their limit of land, water and fertilizer. An almost endless number of global customers also pushes the price up, up and up. Last year, the cost in the United States of a single avocado more than doubled - and the fact that they remain hard to keep on store shelves indicates that the price may rise still.
But the future of agriculture is hard to predict by looking to the past. Keeping up with the market requires growing more but also growing more efficiently. Scientists are working on seeds that thrive with less water, in denser orchards and - the real holy grail - in cooler climates. Apeel Sciences, a company near Santa Barbara, California, is developing ways to make avocados (and other fruits) stay fresh longer, so they can be shipped farther distances, potentially opening up new growing regions, that, like Mexico, can lift their economies on the fruit no one can get enough of.
Which is to say, tomorrow's avocados won't be the same as today's, or probably even consumed in the same way (i.e. as Super Bowl party dip). Just ask David Fairchild, who couldn't have imagined when he introduced a box of "alligator pears" to the United States 120 years ago that a century in the future, people would be getting avocado tattoos and applying moisturizing avocado face masks. Or better yet, ask the Aztecs, whose avocado sauce never seems to get credit for being the first #AvocadoInnovation.
© 2019 Distributed by The Washington Post News Service & Syndicate
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Piccadilly – the true heartbeat of London
Under : Photography , Street Photography , Travel
If you’re looking for the heartbeat of London, then Piccadilly Circus is in many ways its epicentre. Today, Piccadilly is a place where different worlds collide, where tourists mingle with workers and the well-heeled tip toe around hen nights. Yet, all are welcome.
A bygone era
With its small characterful streets and hidden archways, Piccadilly reflects the 1819’s when it first came to be known. The ‘Georgian era’ was an important one for London as it marked the beginning of the Industrial revolution, confirming London’s status as a destination for both work and play.
Today many places remain the same, including Piccadilly Arcade. This boutique luxury shopping experience first opened in 1910 and will take you back to a bygone era. Around this area you can get your shoes shines, caricatures sketched and grab your free copy of the London Evening Standard. Nearby Regent Street is a great place to shop too.
Eat, drink, be merry!
Bustling Soho is not to be missed, welcoming a large LGBT community and media luvvies often seen lighting up outside Soho House!
Vibrant, buzzing and a tad risqué, Old Compton Street is a destination in itself. As one of London’s most famous streets, it is a mecca for the LGBT community with lots of gay friendly bars and shops.
A few streets away bordering Leicester Square, is China Town – one of the rare places where tourists and locals dine together enjoying oriental cuisine.
Other notable eateries include – The Hawksmoor (Air Street), which is super hip and the place for a good steak, Fortnum and Mason (42 Jermyn Street), iconic for afternoon tea (it’s said to be one of the Queen’s favourites), and fashionable ‘La Bodega Negra’ (16 Moor Street) for upscale Mexican street food. When you’re ready to wash it all down, Jewel (4-6 Glasshouse Street) is a fun place for a cocktail or Lucky Voice (Poland street) for karaoke.
Piccadilly Theatres
Most significant of all, people flock to the West End because of its famous ‘Theatreland’, with theatres dotted around Shaftesbury Avenue, Leicester Square, Aldwych and Haymarket. Les Miserables, Aladdin, Mamma Mia and Thriller are just some of the most popular, and you can get some great deals on Love Theatre.
It would be wrong not to mention the iconic Windmill theatre on Windmill Street, which has been around since 1932 and is a stalwart in London’s history.
And finally, a photo opportunity not to be missed is the illuminated neon sign as you come out of Piccadilly Circus tube station on the Piccadilly Line. It has been around since 1908 and the lights have only been turned off during World War II and for the funerals of Winston Churchill and Princess Diana.
While it’s undergoing renovation at the moment, you can still see the curved wall of adverts that light up the streets. While some compare it to Times Square, in reality it’s much smaller, but arguably with just as much character. That’s Piccadilly for you!
Did you know that Charing Cross, on its outskirts, is the point from where all travel distances to and from London are measured? It goes back to the days of King Edward I, who erected a plaque in its place to mark the death of his wife, Queen Eleanor. Since then all distances to and from London are measured from that point, and the memorial can still be found where King Charles statue stands.
Other London Guides
Experience South Bank Like A Londoner
Why You should Visit Portobello Road Market
20+ Photos That Capture The Spirit Of The Notting Hill Carnival
10+ Inspiration Photos of Londoners In The Rain
How A Trip To Tuscany Helped Me Become A Better Street Photographer
LondonPiccadillyPiccadilly CircusSoho
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K-FLEX was founded in 1989 in Roncello, located north of Milan, Italy, with the first production plant of elastomeric materials for thermal insulation.
K-FLEX quickly developed its presence in the market and grew rapidly. In 1993, K-FLEX had already established a significant market share in Italy. It subsequently expanded into other European markets such as France and Spain, opening in Barcelona in 1995 and in Madrid in 1998.
Almost ten years after its foundation, K-FLEX began its expansion outside Europe starting up K-FLEX China. Based in Guangzhou was the first of two manufacturing plants with a second plant built in Suzhou, which opened in 2009.
The Company built further production facilities in the US, in Russia in 2005, in Malaysia, Poland, India and Dubai.
In order to expand its commercial footprint, the Company opened distribution branches and various other distribution / sales companies in Germany (2000), Scandinavia (2005), United Kingdom (2006), Romania (2008), Japan (2008), Ukraine (2009), South Korea (2009).
In the 2008 another strategic activity was the 100% share acquisition of BevEx Ltd. BevEx offers an important diversification opportunity for K-FLEX through its presence in the Food & Beverage sector.
At the end of 2009, K-FLEX opened its headquarter in Roncello, housing a 50,000 sq. meter production facility.
In the last few years K-FLEX has been expanding the production facilities in Russia, Poland, India and USA in order to better answer to the local market request.
In June 2014, the company changed its legal form from limited liability company (S.r.l.) to joint stock company (S.p.A.).
In 2017, the plant in the USA was extended towards the biggest and most modern plant worldwide.
Also the Polish plant was extended in 2017 and represents the biggest and most modern plant in Europe.
In 2018, a new production site in Egypt was completed. Also our Logistics Centre “K-FLEX Logistikzentrum Leipzig-Halle” in Germany opened its doors, becoming the biggest distribution centre for elastomeric foams in the whole of Europe.
In 2019, a new production site in Vietnam has been opened in support of the asian region market request. In the same year K-FLEX enhanced their Polish factory by adding in a new polyethylene plant.
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Kings Speech
commentadmin October 19, 2015 October 12, 2017
The King’s Speech, is based on the incredible true(ish) story of King George VI, whilst it is not completely historically accurate. With many of the events added for entertainment value it is still a wonderfully British drama, which touches on themes of friendship, love and overcoming the odds. With various embezzlement to make the protagonist far more likable than he was it makes the audience fall in love with the main character the king overcomes a his stutter in a brave feat. “With lots of added comedy that there was unlikely to be true definitely makes this more of a feel good movie than if it had been a more direct and honest biographical drama”.
While King George in the film is played by the delightful Colin Firth it is believed that in actual fact he was a cruel and short tempered man but no one wants to watch a 2 hour film about a horrible king overcoming his stammer, that is just not the type of film that wins academy awards. The facts are that King George was the king of England at the time, he had a stammer and Lionel Louge helped him overcome or at least control it for public speaking.
Security practitioners like to debunk the myths between facts and fiction. Especially at the topic of home security, locks or business security. This is to the general public distinguish between what we take in when watching or reading something. And what is real in the world. There are many security systems and burglar alarms that star in films. Thanks to our locksmith Clapham for their contribution
There is some correlation between film security and security alarms that you see on screen. And home alarms that you see installed on buildings today. If you think about the smart technology for instance. The secure way of locking, arming alarms and monitoring your own home though the touch of a device is technology and security. Not that far from what the movies predicted would be.
To be interested in the movies, is to be interested in technology. And if you are looking into security technology specifically for your own benefit. Of the type that will not only keep you safe and secure at home. But that will also provide you with a hub from which you can control it all.
Although the king’s speech is not a science fiction film. Locksmiths and lock specialists agree it a realistic liking of what it would have been like. This is said from a security perspective. And without major fails and falls which would have made the film a flop in the eyes of these local security, lock and key experts. It certainly lands high on the list of things to watch time and time again.
Speaking of great historical films
A topic close to heart here is that of films which don’t only play out in a historical setting, but which tell human stories of significant to the highest standard within the art of making movies. There is not only the importance of being historically correct, we know that there are many other critics out there who will get hung up on details which are not correct and mishaps which have bypassed the editing and cutting suite. The most prominent example of the accuracy in a favourite for many of the team here, and which to this site is dedicated is the simple fact that it doesn’t come to mind.
Being fully engrossed with the story, without outside distractions in the form of little errors is easy to do during the couple of hours you spend watching this narrative of human development and about overcoming some of the most difficult personal challenges one could face. For us, being able to remove things which cause little pet hates of people to spring into mind is a challenge to say the least. Not everyone is a history major, and can recreate the right type of setting. Not only is the settings of the history something which has to be drawn out of the imagination of the creator, but one also has to work with the fact that how everyone has a different idea of what things should look like. Balance between artist and viewer is quintessential and an achievement worth commending when it comes to the king’s speech.
Film cutting and key cutting is not entirely different things. In the physical practice they may differ. But in the art it is to cut films, at least in the old fashioned way. And the way in locksmiths and security experts cut keys today, is also an art in itself. Granted, a fast one if you choose a skilled key cutting service.
Locks, keys and films also have many things in common. For us the most important part is the symbolism to be had. Keys to locks which open the hearts of people are to be found in film. Just as high tech security is also found there. If you are more of a double agent type of film person. You will no doubt have seen many alarm, and security systems on the screen which impress. Of course these features are exaggerated. However. If you look backwards only a few years you’ll soon come to see that what existed in the films then, security wise, we are up to par with.
The surprising speed at which locks, alarm and monitoring systems have developed over the past few years is enough to baffle anyone. Speak to a local professional locksmith about any high tech or high security locks. Which they can offer and find out the liking to the moves that today’s security equipment holds. Thanks to key cutting and lock repair guys who kindly sponsor this page. The security featured in films is often not exactly what the private homeowner would pick for their home burglar alarm. But with the smart technology, keyless entry systems and motion sensor activated alarms. It’s not all that far off.
If you have yet to view this wonderful piece of history, dramatically and effectively recreated by the most talented film makers today, the team here really agrees that it’s about the right time. Giving some time of your day to this beautiful film is highly recommended and will not be regretted.
Making films is not only an art
If you ever saw a movie, especially one that was made in Hollywood then you know just how long the cast list can get, or perhaps you don’t know, since you would never sit through it. The film has ended after all. Although the exact number of cast to make a film is not set and in theory you could make one yourself with the solo cast of one, saying that though you would have to do everything yourself, and if you did ever try to make even the smallest film you would find out that you would need help, and soon your cast list would most likely grow to include several other people. The bottom line is that it’s almost impossible to make a great film without a great cast, and that is part of the reason why the film that we are most excited and fanatic about is of such high standards.
The cast is outstanding, the crew that did all the behind the scenes work and all the rest is nothing less than top notch in the case of the King’s speech. Not only did they choose beautiful people to portray the characters, but also great actors who could carry the role of a real monarchy. For the team here the film was completely believable, and we were spellbound the whole time when watching it, all of the hundreds of times that we’ve ran it from start to finish without pause, without bathroom breaks without a breath, as that too was taken away.by the great performances of the wonderful crew, our favourite crew of all times, and we are sure that we are not alone in thinking that, and we feel that our views are highly valid, seeing how many times we have seen the film. If you have questions for the team here, please don’t hesitate to get in touch with us through the contact page, do it now and we’ll be back in touch with you as soon as humanly possible. All the best, from your King’s team.
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International jazz guitarist Marc Antoine returns to health and California with a diverse outing at "Laguna Beach" with friends
(Published: September 23, 2016)
The title track continues its chart-topping trajectory on the Billboard songs chart as the album is released Friday.
Laguna Beach, Calif. (23 September 2016): The four-year gap between albums for global guitarist Marc Antoine was spent fighting for his life and career as well as moving his family from their longtime home in Spain to the Southern California coast. Having conquered two major health challenges - one life-threatening and one career-threatening - and resettled into the placid enclave of Laguna Beach, the Paris-born, classically-trained hit-maker resumes his recording career Friday with the release of his Woodward Avenue Records debut, "Laguna Beach." The title cut, which preceded the celebratory set of Antoine's signature classical acoustic and nylon-string guitar melodies, quixotic gypsy jazz forays, brassy funk grooves and sultry Latin, Brazilian and Cuban rhythms, is already No. 5 on the Billboard songs chart, offering a last gasp of summer.
His thirteenth album, Antoine produced "Laguna Beach," wrote eight of the nine songs and called upon some of his accomplished friends to collaborate with him, something he couldn't do easily when he lived abroad for twelve years.
"When you live near LA, you can call anyone to come and work with you. Once I built my new studio over here, fired it up and began working on new material, I knew I just had to make a few phone calls to get the right guys to play on it," said Antoine, who reached out to soloists Philippe Saisse (keyboards), Rick Braun (trumpet), Greg Vail (saxes), Armand Sabal-Lecco (bass), Tim Welvaars (harmonica) and two-time Grammy winner Paul Brown (electric guitar), who mixed the album. Anchoring the tracks were drummer Gorden Campbell, upright bassist Roberto Vally, keyboardist Marco Basci, and percussionists Gumbi Ortiz and Richie Gajate Garcia.
Incorporating an interesting variety of sounds, tapestries, moods and styles remains the guitar alchemist's forte. Antoine's compositions on "Laguna Beach" are enriched with his spirited sense of joy and gratitude after enduring major heart surgery in 2012 to repair an incapacitating atrial fibrillation problem only to be followed by hand surgery two years later to relieve the crippling pain and permanent nerve damage he endured while playing the guitar that locked the fingers on his left hand in odd positions.
After "pretty much hitting rock bottom" in 2014, Antoine and his wife, Rebeca, decided to make the move back to California where they resided prior to Spain. It turns out playing the guitar is ideal physical therapy, enabling Antoine to work through the scar tissue in his hand.
"I remember vividly what a hand therapist from LA told me, that the only way to fix this is to change my ways," Antoine recalled. "I have a deep relationship with my guitar. It's a little bit like a marriage: if you don't put effort into it, there is no life in it. So playing, and most importantly, playing with joy, love and respect is the key. I am so grateful for what is going on in my life right now and I am back enjoying my instrument, which fixes all problems. It is for real: life through guitar therapy."
Rejuvenated, re-inspired and restored to full health, Antoine anticipates a busy concert itinerary of festival, theater and club dates to support the album release across the U.S. where he has been a popular entertainer ever since he toured globally with Basia in 1988. He's also shared the stage with superstars Sting, Queen Latifah and Selena prior to launching his solo career with the album "Classical Soul," which spawned the first of a library of radio hits that have made Antoine one of the mainstays at contemporary/smooth jazz radio since 1994. He's played in pop, rock, jazz, world music, hip-hop and acid jazz settings, each of which have informed his multicultural sonicscapes and furthered his international appeal. For more information, please visit www.MarcAntoine.com.
Antoine's "Laguna Beach" album contains the following songs:
"Why Not"
"This and That"
"Laguna Beach"
"Deixa"
"Minority"
"Romantico"
"High Five"
"New Morning"
"Twice Upon a Time"
More Information: http://www.MarcAntoine.com
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Tony Awards Add Danai Gurira, Jake Gyllenhaal & More To Presenter Lineup
By: LATF Staff | June 5, 2019, 12:30 a.m.
Filed in: Television
A second round of artists has been added to appear at THE 73rd ANNUAL TONY AWARDS®, live from the historic Radio City Music Hall in New York City, Sunday, June 9 (8:00-11:00 PM, live ET/delayed PT) on the CBS Television Network.
The star-studded lineup includes Sara Bareilles, Laura Benanti, Abigail Breslin, Danny Burstein, Kristin Chenoweth, Jesse Tyler Ferguson, Josh Groban, Danai Gurira, Jake Gyllenhaal, Chris Jackson, Shirley Jones, Jane Krakowski, Judith Light, Lucy Liu, Aasif Mandvi, Sienna Miller, Brian Stokes Mitchell, Catherine O’Hara, Kelli O’Hara, Karen Olivo, Anthony Ramos, Marisa Tomei, Aaron Tveit, Samira Wiley and BeBe Winans.
Emmy and Tony Award winner James Corden will host the 2019 Tony Awards for the second time. As previously announced, Darren Criss, Tina Fey, Sutton Foster, Samuel L. Jackson, LaTanya Richardson Jackson, Regina King, Laura Linney, Audra McDonald, Ben Platt, Billy Porter, Andrew Rannells and Michael Shannon will also take part in Broadway’s biggest night.
The TONY Awards, which honors theater professionals for distinguished achievement on Broadway, has been broadcast on CBS since 1978. This year marks the 73rd anniversary of the TONY Awards, which were first held on April 6, 1947 at the Waldorf Astoria’s Grand Ballroom. The ceremony is presented by Tony Award Productions, which is a joint venture of the Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing, which founded the Tonys.
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'Settle and sue' defense strategies
Flint-Genesee County Legal News
By Jesse L. Roth
Maddin Hauser
Buyer’s remorse is not a cause of action. Yet that is what many plaintiffs appear to plead when they sue their former attorneys for malpractice after agreeing to settle the underlying case.
There are factual distinctions in these so-called “settle and sue” legal malpractice cases, however, that make the difference between whether a plaintiff can establish a claim or not. A recent Pennsylvania appellate decision provides one of the more common analytical frameworks for addressing this issue.
Kilmer v Sposito, 146 A3d 1275 (Pa App 2016), was a legal malpractice action arising out of the defendant’s representation of the plaintiff in connection with settling the plaintiff’s husband’s estate. The defendant allegedly gave bad advice that caused the plaintiff’s share of her husband’s estate to be substantially reduced. The plaintiff thereafter replaced the defendant with a new attorney, who reached a settlement with the husband’s estate. The court in the malpractice case was asked to decide whether the plaintiff’s underlying settlement barred her claim against her former attorney. The court distinguished a situation where a dissatisfied plaintiff challenges an attorney’s judgment with respect to the amount of money to be accepted in a settlement, which malpractice claim would be barred. In this case, however, where the plaintiff’s settlement amount was diminished because of alleged malpractice already committed by the defendant, the settlement did not bar the malpractice claim.
In Michigan, the law is more defendant-friendly. The leading case, Espinoza v Thomas, 189 Mich App 110 (1991), was a legal malpractice claim brought by a General Motors employee whose car had been attacked by striking co-workers, as a result of which he suffered a severe aggravation of a pre-existing mental condition. The attorney defendants had let the statute of limitations expire on the plaintiff’s assault and battery claim, and consequently the plaintiff was only able to pursue a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress. The underlying case ultimately settled at mediation for $16,000, including just $500 each from the only defendants who actively participated in the attack. The nominal award reflected the panel’s belief that the plaintiff’s only viable cause of action was the time-barred assault and battery claim.
The plaintiff argued that the attorney defendants’ prior negligence caused him to lose his only viable cause of action, which left him with no choice but to accept the reduced settlement amount or proceed to trial without a viable claim. The court held that a settlement of the underlying litigation does not always preclude a subsequent legal malpractice action. Rather, the court found an exception exists “if it is shown that assent by the client to the settlement was compelled because prior misfeasance or nonfeasance by the attorneys left no other recourse.” The court distinguished a situation where a plaintiff’s claims remain viable and he nevertheless elects to settle. In such a case, the court found, the plaintiff would be precluded from establishing a claim against his attorney.
Maddin Hauser recently represented attorneys in a complex malpractice action that ultimately turned out to be a “settle and sue” case. The plaintiff had sued his one-time business partner in civil litigation. After that case had resolved, the plaintiff approached our clients about instituting new litigation arising out of harassment by the business partner. Our clients initially declined to represent the plaintiff, then reconsidered and agreed to investigate the claims, and eventually declined to pursue them.
During the two months our clients represented the plaintiff, the statute of limitations expired on one of the harassment claims against the business partner, and the plaintiff sued for legal malpractice. We argued that the plaintiff had other claims against the business partner that remained timely, the prosecution of which could fully satisfy his damages. The court agreed, and held the case against our clients in abeyance while the plaintiff prosecuted his claims against the business partner. Ultimately, the plaintiff settled his claims against the business partner, at which time we moved to dismiss the malpractice claims against our clients on the basis of the underlying settlement. The trial court granted our motion and dismissed the case, finding that the plaintiff could not establish that any negligence of our clients caused him damages where he freely agreed to settle his viable underlying claims against the business partner.
There will always be plaintiffs who have buyer’s remorse after agreeing to settle a case. One way to defend these so-called “settle and sue” cases in Michigan is to frame the plaintiff’s underlying claims as still-viable at the time of the settlement, and the plaintiff’s agreement to settle as knowing and freely given. If the facts support this, the plaintiff will be hard-pressed to establish a legal malpractice case.
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Changes and effects yet to be applied to Section 4:
s. 4 applied by S.I. 2004/1777 art. 17(7)
s. 4 applied by S.I. 2004/1778 art. 17(7)(a)
s. 4 applied (with modifications) by S.I. 2017/470 Sch. 1 para. 9(3)
s. 4(2)-(6) applied (with modifications) by S.I. 2008/907 art. 17(6)
s. 4(2)-(5)(6) applied (with modifications) by S.I. 2018/639 art. 9(7)
s. 4(2)-(5) applied (with modifications) by S.I. 2018/640 art. 9(7)
s. 4(2)-(5) applied with modifications by S.I. 2018/648 art. 13(7)
s. 4(4) words substituted by 2011 c. 13 Sch. 16 para. 201(3)
s. 4(5) words inserted by 2011 c. 13 Sch. 16 para. 201(4)
s. 4(6) applied (with modifications) by S.I. 2018/640 art. 9(7)
s. 4(6) applied with modifications by S.I. 2018/648 art. 13(7)
s. 4(6)(a) words inserted by 2009 c. 20 Sch. 6 para. 81(2)
s. 4(6)(a) words inserted by 2011 c. 13 Sch. 16 para. 201(6)
s. 4(6)(a) words substituted by 2016 c. 1 Sch. 5 para. 12(2)
Changes and effects yet to be applied to the whole Act associated Parts and Chapters:
Act modified by S.I. 2008/3002 art. 7 (This amendment comes into force on the day 2008 c. 4, s. 5 comes into force, see art. 1(2). That provision was brought into force on 1.12.2008 by S.I. 2008/3068, art. 2(1)(b))
Blanket amendment words substituted by S.I. 2011/1043 art. 3 6
Whole provisions yet to be inserted into this Act (including any effects on those provisions):
s. 1(9) inserted by 2011 c. 13 Sch. 16 para. 200
s. 1(9) words inserted by 2017 c. 3 Sch. 1 para. 61
s. 1(9) words omitted by 2017 c. 3 s. 123(2)
s. 1(9) words substituted by 2017 c. 3 Sch. 2 para. 86
s. 1(10)(11) inserted by 2017 c. 3 s. 123(3)
s. 2(1)(h) and words inserted by 2011 nawm 4 s. 21(3)
s. 2(5A) inserted by 2007 c. 28 s. 203(1)(c)
s. 2(6)(za) inserted by 2004 c. 31 Sch. 2 para. 3(a)
s. 2(6)(zb) inserted by 2012 c. 7 Sch. 5 para. 57
s. 3A applied by S.I. 2017/126 art. 15(b)
s. 3A applied by S.I. 2017/430 art. 12(1)(b)
s. 3A applied by S.I. 2017/612 art. 5(b)
s. 3A applied by S.I. 2018/1133 art. 17(1)(b)
s. 3A applied (with modifications) by S.I. 2012/1644 reg. 2
s. 3A applied (with modifications) by S.I. 2017/250 art. 6(b)
s. 3A 3B inserted by 2007 c. 28 s. 202(2)
s. 3A(1) words repealed by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(2)(b) Sch. 25 Pt. 5
s. 3A(1) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(2)(a)
s. 3A(1)(a) word repealed by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(2)(d) Sch. 25 Pt. 5
s. 3A(1)(a) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(2)(c)
s. 3A(1)(b) word repealed by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(2)(d) Sch. 25 Pt. 5
s. 3A(2) words repealed by 2009 c. 20 s. 30(4)(c) Sch. 7 Pt. 1
s. 3A(2)(a) word repealed by 2009 c. 20 s. 30(4)(a) Sch. 7 Pt. 1
s. 3A(2)(a) word repealed by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(3) Sch. 25 Pt. 5
s. 3A(2)(b) repealed by 2009 c. 20 s. 30(4)(b) Sch. 7 Pt. 1
s. 3A(3) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(4)(b)
s. 3A(3)(b) word repealed by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(4)(c) Sch. 25 Pt. 5
s. 3A(4)(b)(i) word repealed by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(5)(c) Sch. 25 Pt. 5
s. 3A(5) repealed by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(6) Sch. 25 Pt. 5
s. 3A(6) words repealed by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(7)(a) Sch. 25 Pt. 5
s. 3A(6)(a) word repealed by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(7)(b)(iii) Sch. 25 Pt. 5
s. 3A(6)(a) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(7)(b)(i)
s. 3A(6)(a) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(7)(b)(ii)
s. 3A(7) word repealed by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(8)(a) Sch. 25 Pt. 5
s. 3A(7A)-(7C) inserted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(9)
s. 3A(8)-(10) repealed by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 4 para. 4(10) Sch. 25 Pt. 5
s. 4(1A) inserted by 2011 c. 13 Sch. 16 para. 201(2)
s. 4(4)(aa) inserted by 2017 c. 3 Sch. 1 para. 62(2)
s. 4(4)(ab) inserted by 2017 c. 3 Sch. 2 para. 87(2)
s. 4(5B) inserted by 2017 c. 3 Sch. 1 para. 62(3)
s. 4(5C) inserted by 2017 c. 3 Sch. 2 para. 87(3)
s. 5(1C) inserted by 2011 c. 13 Sch. 16 para. 202(3)
s. 5(2)(c) and word inserted by 2005 c. 10 Sch. 6 para. 24(2)
s. 5(2)(c) words inserted by 2019 anaw 3 Sch. 5 para. 11(a)
s. 5(2)(aa) inserted by 2007 c. 28 Sch. 12 para. 14(2)(a)
s. 5(2AA) inserted by 2005 c. 10 Sch. 6 para. 24(3)
s. 5(2AA) words inserted by 2019 anaw 3 Sch. 5 para. 11(b)
s. 5(3A) inserted by 2009 c. 23 Sch. 14 para. 13(2)
s. 5(5)(a)(ia) inserted by 2017 c. 3 Sch. 1 para. 63(3)
s. 5(5)(a)(ib) inserted by 2017 c. 3 Sch. 2 para. 88(3)
s. 5(7A) inserted by 2003 c. 26 s. 113(3)
s. 5(8B) inserted by 2011 nawm 4 s. 95(2)
s. 5A(3)(c) and word inserted by 2005 c. 10 Sch. 6 para. 25(2)
s. 5A(3)(c) words inserted by 2019 anaw 3 Sch. 5 para. 12(a)
s. 5A(4A) inserted by 2005 c. 10 Sch. 6 para. 25(3)
s. 5A(4A) words inserted by 2019 anaw 3 Sch. 5 para. 12(b)
s. 7(1)(aa) inserted by 2011 c. 13 Sch. 16 para. 203(b)
s. 7(2)(g)(h) inserted by 2010 c. 15 Sch. 26 Pt. 1 para. 18(b) (as inserted) by S.I. 2010/2279 Sch. 1 para. 5
s. 9(4A)-(4C) inserted by 2007 c. 28 s. 204
s. 13(4)(fa) inserted by 2009 c. 23 Sch. 14 para. 14
s. 13(4)(fb) inserted by 2013 c. 25 Sch. 8 para. 15
s. 13(5ZA)(5ZB) inserted by 2017 c. 3 s. 7(8)
s. 21(1)(ga) inserted by 2007 c. 28 Sch. 13 para. 47
s. 21(1)(ga) omitted by 2015 c. 20 Sch. 13 para. 6(24)(a)
s. 21(1)(ja) (jb) inserted by 2009 c. 20 Sch. 6 para. 81(5)
s. 21(1)(jc) inserted by 2016 c. 1 Sch. 5 para. 12(5)
s. 21(1A)(1B) inserted by 2017 c. 3 Sch. 1 para. 64
s. 21(1C)(1D) inserted by 2017 c. 3 Sch. 2 para. 89(3)
s. 65(2)(b)(ii) inserted by 2004 c. 23 Sch. 2 para. 11
s. 67(1)(da) inserted by 2014 c. 14 Sch. 4 para. 42(a)
s. 67(5) inserted by 2003 c. 26 Sch. 3 para. 2
s. 76A 76B inserted by 2014 c. 29 s. 24(2)
s. 80(1) (1A) substituted for s. 80(1) by 2003 c. 26 s. 89(2)
s. 80(1A)(b)(i) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 3(3)(a)
s. 80(1A)(b)(ii) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 3(3)(b)(i)
s. 80(1A)(b)(ii) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 3(3)(b)(ii)
s. 80(5) (6) inserted by 2003 c. 26 s. 89(5)
s. 80(5) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 3(6)
s. 80(6) word substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 3(7)(b)
s. 80(6) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 3(7)(a)
s. 80(6) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 3(7)(c)
s. 80A(4A) substituted for word(s) by 2003 c. 26 Sch. 7 para. 31
s. 80B inserted by 2008 c. 17 s. 313(1)
s. 80B omitted by 2014 anaw 7 s. 131(3)(e)
s. 80B(1) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 6(2)
s. 80B(3)(b) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 6(3)(a)
s. 80B(3)(e) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 6(3)(b)
s. 80ZA inserted by 2003 c. 26 s. 90(1)
s. 80ZA omitted by 2014 anaw 7 s. 131(3)(c)
s. 80ZA heading words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 4(2)
s. 80ZA(1)(b) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 4(3)
s. 80ZA(2) word substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 4(4)(b)
s. 80ZA(2) word substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 4(4)(c)
s. 80ZA(2) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 4(4)(a)
s. 80ZA(3) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 4(5)
s. 80ZA(4) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 4(6)(b)
s. 80ZA(4) words substituted by 2011 c. 20 Sch. 15 para. 4(6)(c)
s. 87(1A) inserted by 2014 c. 29 s. 24(5)
s. 87A inserted by 2003 c. 26 s. 91(1)
s. 88(1)(aa) inserted by 2003 c. 26 s. 89(6)
s. 88(1)(aa)(ii) words substituted by 2008 c. 17 s. 313(2)
s. 97(1A) inserted by 2016 c. 22 Sch. 14 para. 17
s. 152(2)(iza) (izb) inserted by 2009 c. 20 Sch. 6 para. 81(6)
s. 152(2)(fa) inserted by 2017 c. 3 Sch. 1 para. 65
s. 152(2)(ia) inserted by 2007 c. 28 Sch. 13 para. 48
s. 152(2)(ia) omitted by 2015 c. 20 Sch. 13 para. 6(24)(b)
s. 155(4)(h) and words inserted by 2003 c. 26 s. 37
s. 155(4)(h) substituted by 2004 c. 21 Sch. 1 para. 71(5)
s. 155(4)(i) (j) inserted by 2006 c. 16 s. 65(2)
s. 155(4)(ha) inserted by 2017 c. 3 Sch. 1 para. 66
s. 157(6)(j) (k) inserted by 2009 c. 20 Sch. 6 para. 81(7)
s. 173(1A) inserted by 2008 c. 17 s. 191(4)(b)
s. 173(1A)(a) omitted by 2016 c. 22 Sch. 4 para. 5(3)(a)
s. 173(1A)(a) words substituted by S.I. 2010/844 Sch. 2 para. 22
s. 173(1A)(b) word substituted by 2016 c. 22 Sch. 4 para. 5(3)(b)
s. 173(1ZA) inserted by 2016 c. 22 Sch. 4 para. 5(2)
Sch. 1 para. 2(1)(bc) inserted by 2009 c. 23 Sch. 14 para. 15
Sch. 4 Pt. 3 para. 2 and cross-heading omitted by 2014 anaw 7 s. 131(4)(b)
Sch. 4 Pt. 4 para. 3 repealed by 2003 c. 26 s. 91(2) Sch. 8 Pt. 1
Sch. 10 para. 4A inserted by S.I. 2013/1036 Sch. 1 para. 95(3)
Commencement Orders yet to be applied to the Local Government and Housing Act 1989
Commencement Orders bringing legislation that affects this Act into force:
S.I. 2003/1725 art. 2(1) commences (2002 c. 9)
S.I. 2003/1900 art. 2 Sch. 1 2 commences (2003 c. 21)
S.I. 2003/2938 art. 2-7 commences (2003 c. 26)
S.I. 2003/3034 art. 2 Sch. 1 commences (2003 c. 26)
S.I. 2003/3142 art. 2-4 Sch. 1 2 commences (2003 c. 21)
S.I. 2004/2304 art. 2 commences (2004 c. 21)
S.I. 2005/326 art. 2 commences (2004 c. 34)
S.I. 2005/558 art. 2 Sch. 1 commences (2004 c. 23)
S.I. 2005/3175 art. 2 3 Sch. 1 2 commences (2004 c. 33)
S.I. 2007/709 art. 3(p) commences (2006 c. 48)
S.I. 2007/2603 art. 2(d) commences (2006 c. 3)
S.I. 2008/172 art. 2-9 commences (2007 c. 28)
S.I. 2009/107 art. 2-5 Sch. 1-5 Commencement Order
S.I. 2009/803 art. 2-10 commences (2008 c. 17)
S.I. 2010/862 art. 2 3 commences (2008 c. 17)
S.I. 2010/2317 art. 2 3 commences (2010 c. 15)
S.S.I. 2003/74 art. 2 commences (2000 asp 7)
S.S.I. 2003/134 art. 2(1) Sch. commences (2003 asp 1)
S.S.I. 2003/434 art. 2 Sch. commences (2001 asp 10)
S.S.I. 2007/270 art. 3 commences (2006 asp 1)
S.S.I. 2009/319 art. 2 Sch. 1 commences (2008 asp 5)
4 Designation and reports of head of paid service.E+W+S
(1)It shall be the duty of every relevant authority—
(a)to designate one of their officers as the head of their paid service; and
(b)to provide that officer with such staff, accommodation and other resources as are, in his opinion, sufficient to allow his duties under this section to be performed.
(2)It shall be the duty of the head of a relevant authority’s paid service,where he considers it appropriate to do so in respect of any proposals of his with respect to any of the matters specified in subsection (3) below, to prepare a report to the authority setting out his proposals.
(3)Those matters are—
(a)the manner in which the discharge by the authority of their different functions is co-ordinated;
(b)the number and grades of staff required by the authority for the discharge of their functions;
(c)the organisation of the authority’s staff; and
(d)the appointment and proper management of the authority’s staff.
(4)It shall be the duty of the head of a relevant authority’s paid service,as soon as practicable after he has prepared a report under this section, to arrange for a copy of it to be sent to each member of the authority.
(5)It shall be the duty of a relevant authority to consider any report under this section by the head of their paid service at a meeting held not more than three months after copies of the report are first sent to members of the authority; and nothing in section 101 of the M1Local Government Act 1972 or in section 56 of [F1, or Schedule 10 or 20 to,] the M2Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 (delegation) shall apply to the duty imposed by virtue of this subsection.
(6)In this section “relevant authority”—
(a)in relation to England and Wales, means a local authority of any of thedescriptions specified in paragraphs (a) to (e) of section 21(1) below; and
(b)in relation to Scotland, [F2council constituted under section 2 of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994].
(7)This section shall come into force at the expiry of the period of two months beginning on the day this Act is passed.
Textual Amendments
F1Words in s. 4(5) repealed (S.) (1.4.1996) by 1994 c. 39, s. 180(1)(2), Sch. 13 para. 161(1)(3)(a), Sch. 14 (with s. 128(8)); S.I. 1996/323, art. 4(1)(c)(d), Sch. 2
F2Words in s. 4(6)(b) substituted (S.) (1.4.1996) by 1994 c. 39, s. 180(1), Sch. 13 para. 161(1)(3)(b) (with s. 128(8)); S.I. 1996/323, art. 4(1)(c)
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C1S. 4 extended (E.W.) (19.9.1995) by 1995 c. 25, ss. 63(5), 125(2), Sch. 7 para. 13(7)(a) (with ss. 7(6), 115, 117, Sch. 8 para. 7)
S. 4 applied (with modifications) (8.5.2000) by 1999 c. 29, s. 72(1) (with Sch. 12 para. 9(1)); S.I. 2000/801, art. 2(2)(b), Sch. Pt. 2
Marginal Citations
M11972 c. 70.
M21973c. 65.
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BILL TO INCREASE LIVING WAGE FOR GOV. EMPLOYEES MOVES FORWARD
St. Thomas- Members of the Committee on Finance chaired by Sen. Kurt Vialet, held a meeting at the Capitol Building on Monday, and voted to approve several measures including Bill No. 32-0237-An Act amending title 3 Virgin Islands Code, chapter 25, subchapter V, section 555b to provide for minimum wage for employees of the Government of the Virgin Islands (GVI), its semi-autonomous agencies and independent instrumentalities.
“This bill was originally introduced at the beginning of this term when the economic state of the Virgin Islands was declining,” said Sen. Forde. “Since then, we have seen the improvements in corporate investments and businesses that now afford us the opportunity to enact these wage increases.”
Bill No. 32-0237 was initially proposed in February 2017 by senators Jean Forde, Kurt Vialet, and Marvin Blyden. On July 30, 2018, Governor Kenneth E. Mapp released the Executive Order 437-2018 and 438-2018 with the intent to provide a living wage to government employees. However, the Executive Order wasn’t implemented until August 1, 2018. Explicitly, the Executive Order states that all annual salaries of Executive Branch employees will increase to $13/hr. or $27,040 annum. The base salaries of social workers, teachers, and other vital government workers will also rise.
“We know the realities of the financial state of the Territory. Was an analysis conducted before issuing the Executive Order?” asked Sen. Nereida Rivera O’Reilly. Julio Rhymer, Director of Office and Management and Budget stated that the cost of living in the Territory is significantly higher than the mainland, but there is a reduction of salaries in the same positions on the mainland. The $27,040 salary gives employees an ability to qualify for homeownership programs. “How will GVI finance the living wage increase?” inquired Sen. O’Reilly. Director Rhymer stated that supplemental income totaling $11 million would cover the raises. Based on a five-year projection of the economy, GVI can sustain the increase.” However, Sen. Positive Nelson stated that this is “unreal, unrealistic, and unsustainable.”
The breakdown of the $11 million is as follows: the raises for government employees is an estimated $4 million to $6 million and the wage increase for unionized employees is $5 million. “How much money was set aside for non-unionized employees?” asked Sen. Tregenza Roach. Director Rhymer stated that separately, approximately $15 million for non-unionized employees and $10 million for the Department of Education.
Sen. Dwayne DeGraff inquired, “Will monies from the Property Tax and Sin Tax be used to support the living wage increase?” Director Rhymer stated that there are other funds set aside such as the ArcLight Deal. The wage increases are not financed by either tax. “The last minimum wage increase was in 2005,” added Sen. Vialet. “The Sin Tax and Property Tax has nothing to do with the increase of today.”
Separately, policymakers voted and approved the following bills below. All measures adopted will be forwarded to the Committee on Rules and Judiciary for further consideration.
Bill No. 32-0229 – An Act amending Title 23 Virgin Islands Code, Chapter 10, Subchapter I, Section 1004 requiring the Government of the Virgin Islands to enter into contracts before June 1 of each year in preparedness for hurricane season or any emergency or major disaster
Quitclaim Deed from the Commissioner of the Department of Property and Procurement on behalf of the Government of the Virgin Islands to Cyril LaPlace as Trustee of the Cyril A. La Place Trust for the following property: Parcel No. 11-B Estate Dorothea, No. 6 Little Northside Quarter St. Thomas, Virgin Islands consisting of approximately 230 square feet as illustrated on OLG NO. D9-9141-T016 dated March 14, 2016.
Bill No. 32-0101 – An Act appropriating $100,000 from the Tourism Advertising Revolving Fund to Calypso, Inc. for continuing musical education for the youth of the Virgin Islands and;
Bill No. 32-0076 – An Act to amend title 33, chapter 3, by adding section 43k allowing for the reduction of the gross receipts tax of one percentage point for established businesses that show 12% year over year revenue growth
Bill No. 32-0256 – To amend VIC Title 9 by adding a new Chapter 14 to address Consumer and Commercial Loan activities and to add a new chapter related to Consumer and Commercial Loans
Senators present are Kurt Vialet, Dwayne DeGraff, Tregenza Roach, Brian Smith, Alicia “Chucky” Hansen, Janelle Sarauw, Neville James, and Nereida Rivera O’Reilly, Jean Forde, Janette Millin Young. Photos: http://www.legvi.org/committeemeetings/Media ###
August 27, 2018 / In Finance, Press Releases, Senator Kurt A. Vialet / By Africah Harrigan / Leave a comment
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Renata Nagamine
Universidade Federal da Bahia, Visiting Postdoctoral Fellow 2018
Renata Nagamine is a Kathleen Fitzpatrick Visiting Fellow with the Laureate Program in International Law. Her project focuses on the uses of norms and categories of international humanitarian law, especially ‘collateral damage’, exploring their productive dimension. The project aims at critically approaching international humanitarian law through the writings of Michel Foucault and Judith Butler, among others, to shed light on the values and commitments that are entrenched in the international humanitarian law framework. Renata is also a Postdoctoral Fellow in International Relations at the Universidade Federal da Bahia, where she is currently developing her research on gender in the United Nations. She holds a PhD in International Law from the University of São Paulo Law School. Her areas of interest are public international law, international humanitarian law and human rights, political theory, and sexuality and gender studies.
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This Title Intentionally Left Blank
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Posts from — January 2012
Electric Curiosities: Stereoscopic 3D Gaming
by ThomasSchrantz
As you may be aware, I am a video game collector. I’m also a bit of a 3D nerd, having custom built my own stereoscopic camera. But until now, I’ve never really combined the two. That’s gotta change.
Last year, the Nintendo 3DS was released. The handheld is far from the first time someone has tried 3D gaming. Many people remember (and most have tried to forget) the Virtual Boy, but even that wasn’t the first time stereoscopic games have been released. The following is a bit of an exploration of stereoscopic gaming over the years.
Tomytronic 3D
The earliest example of stereoscopic gaming that I own1 is the TomyTronic 3D handheld from the early 80s. It’s a cross between a ViewMaster and one of those simple handheld LCD games. You look into the eyepiece, where you’re treated to a pair of LCD screens in front of a painted backdrop, all backlit by the frosted plastic window on the top of the unit. You hold the game like a pair of binoculars as you play, and control the game using buttons on the top of the device. Pictured here is my Thundering Turbo game, which is apparently some sort of cosmic racing game.
Unfortunately, mine is broken. I can put batteries in, but it won’t turn on. As such, I’m unable to describe the gameplay or talk about the quality of the 3D effects. All I can see is the swirling cosmic rainbow backdrop. Oh well.
Vectrex 3D Imager
Around the same time, there was a 3D attachment released for the Vectrex. In case you haven’t heard of it, the Vectrex is one of the odder systems out there, in that it comes with its own TV. That’s right, the console has the display built in, or rather, the console is built into the display. This makes the system somewhat portable, if you don’t mind lugging around a 10 inch CRT TV with you. At any rate, Vectrex released a set of 3D glasses for use with some of its games. These glasses preceded LCD shutters. Instead, they used a spinning disc inside the glasses. Half of the disc was black, and the other half was evenly divided into several colors. The effect was two-fold.
First, the black half would completely block one eye. When the black part blocked the left eye, the system would display the image for the right eye, then, as the disc rotated on, the right eye would get blocked and the left image would be shown. Since each eye would only see one image, the brain would reconstruct the pair of images from each eye into a 3D image. The same effect is employed by the active shutter glasses used by some 3DTVs today.
Second, the three colored sections would give the effect of some color to the image, instead of the pale blue lines the Vectrex display was limited to.
I also have to imagine that there was a third effect: Brain splitting headaches. Having a spinning disc strapped to your head and alternating between blackness and a trio of colors could not possibly have been good for you. I also have to wonder if a rapidly spinning disc in front of your face would have a gyroscopic effect which would make it difficult to turn your head while it was running…
I don’t have a picture of the Vectrex 3D Imager because I don’t have one, and I don’t have one because those things are crazy expensive and hard to find.
SegaScope 3D
Later in the 80s, technology had advanced to the point where 3D gaming no longer meant wearing rotating colored discs in front of your face. Instead, as Sega showed with its SegaScope 3D accessory for the Sega Master System, 3D gaming meant putting on a pair of oversized sunglasses. The SegaScope used active shutter technology, where the lenses in the glasses would alternate between black and transparent. The game would alternate frames in sync with the shutters (So the games will appear to be rapidly jumping left and right to anyone not wearing the glasses). The result was full color 3D gaming with a high framerate.
And a headache.
The framerate may have been high, but it wasn’t high enough. The flicker of the shutters is noticeable, and after just a few minutes of play, you’ll start to feel it.
The glasses themselves are also fairly heavy and their weight will tend to be irritating after just a short period.
It’s a shame, though, because the 3D effect is excellent. For example, Maze Hunter, pictured here, is a top-down multi-level maze crawler. When you jump, you fly out of the screen, and as you advance, you work your way down, further and further into the screen. And it’s all done without color distortion or ghosting.
A total of eight games were released with SegaScope support. Maybe someday I’ll pop a few aspirin and spend an afternoon playing through them. 2 Or, better yet, I’ll find a way to get the frame sequential 3D mode of my 3DTV to work with the SegaScope games, and I’ll be able to play without the clunky shutter glasses.
Nintendo Anaglyphic 3D
Nintendo also dove into the 3D market back in the late 80s. Who could forget pressing Select and playing Rad Racer in 3D?
Well, actually, I never owned Rad Racer back then, but I always wanted it because it was 3D and therefore awesome.
Rad Racer used anaglyphic glasses, the stereotypical color-distorting red and blue glasses that people think of when they think of “3D Glasses”. I recently played Rad Racer in 3D and the 3D effect didn’t work. I don’t know if I had the wrong color glasses, or if the NES Clone I was playing on didn’t like the 3D output, or if something else was wrong, but no matter what I tried, I kept seeing two of everything.
Thing is, Rad Racer wasn’t supposed to use those red/blue style glasses. Neither was 3D World Runner, another game released around the same time (And also developed by Square, of Final Fantasy fame). Those games were originally developed for the Famicom 3D System which was only released in Japan. The Famicom 3D System was similar to the SegaScope 3D, in that it used shutter glasses, although the Famicom ones look more like ridiculous futuristic VR goggles than wrap around sunglasses.
Nintendo never brought the 3D System across the water, which means you’ve never played 3D Hot Rally.
Then again, neither have I…
Pulfrich Effect
Several games used the Pulfrich effect for 3D gameplay. The Pulfrich effect is based on some psychological visual trick that I’m not going to pretend to understand. It occurs when what one eye sees is slightly darker than what the other eye sees. Objects will appear to be closer or further away by virtue of the direction and speed in which they’re traveling. Go to the right really fast, for example, and the object will appear very close, while slowly to the left will make it appear farther away. While this would work on any TV and provide full color 3D games, using only cheap paper glasses with one slightly darkened lens (And won’t distort the image at all for viewers without glasses), there was one rather significant drawback: The Pulfrich effect requires constant motion to work.
That means that you probably won’t get a headache from Pulfrich games. You’ll just get nauseous instead.
I have two games which use the Pulfrich effect. Orb 3D for the NES is a strange bubble popping variant of Pong. At least that’s what level 1 is. I don’t know if there’s more to the game or not because I found it far too tedious to keep playing. Jim Power: The Lost Dimension in 3D is a generic action platformer for the SNES which ends up doubling down on the motion sickness by having multi-layer parallax scrolling backgrounds that move in the wrong direction. Oh, and it’s really frickin’ hard.
The first go-big-or-go-home, swing-for-the-fences multi-game dedicated 3D system wasn’t Nintendo’s Virtual Boy. It was, of course, a complete failure.
It wasn’t because of the 3D effect, which was excellent.
It wasn’t because of the games, most of which were pretty good.
There were two things which contributed to the downfall of the system. First was the form factor. It was too big to be portable, but it didn’t connect up to a TV, so no one was quite sure what to make of it. In order to play, you sat the device on a table and stuck your face into it, much like those eye exam machines at the DMV. This is not a comfortable way to play a video game. I’m convinced that most of the headaches people reported from playing this system were not eyestrain related, but instead were caused by holding your neck in an unnatural position for an hour while you played. The second problem is that it’s red. Very very very red. All of the games are red. For cost and clarity reasons, Nintendo used an array for red LEDs to produce the graphics, instead of a pair full color LCD panels. After all, they’d had phenomenal success with the monochrome Game Boy. But red? Red is not a good color for video games.
By the way, the controller for the system is AWESOME. I wish Nintendo had kept the basic design for its later systems.
Stereograms
It's a dragon, I swear!
Yep, those Magic Eye stereogram SIRDS 3D things that were all the rage in the mid 90s. At least one game, Magic Carpet, had this mode built in, and I’ve seen people release OpenGL/DirectX drivers to do this to other games.
It is, of course, an entirely ridiculous idea. I’ve never played Magic Carpet, but I’ve seen Quake in stereogram form, and it was a staticy mess that was terrible to play. But hey, it’s 3D.
Now, just look through the screen until the dots merge and… Oh, sorry, took too long. Game over.
Ridiculous Futuristic VR Goggles
Some games, notably Descent, had support for VR headsets. Unfortunately, users of the VR headsets were often sucked into an alternate reality run by some megalomanical hacker that had taken over the virtual realm, so they didn’t really take off.
I don’t have a VR headset, so I don’t have pictures of any… Yet.
Anaglyphic, Part 2
Anaglyphic has continued to be option that games use for 3D images. Sly Cooper 3, for instance, had several sections that could be played with raccoon-themed red/blue glasses. Even more recently, the Game of the Year edition of Batman: Arkham Asylum had a Purple/Green anaglyphic mode, instead of a true 3DTV compatible mode like I was expecting when I bought the game. Now I’m stuck with a copy of Arkham Asylum that I didn’t really want.
After years and years of the technology being just on the horizon, 3D TVs are finally making their way into homes. Of course, there’s nothing to watch on them yet. There are only a handful of cable channels, and most people don’t get them. No ordinary TV series is filmed in 3D yet. There are a limited number of 3D movies out on Blu-Ray (And Avatar isn’t one of them, yet…), but they’re mostly cheap horror movies or cartoons. So, what to do if you’ve bought one of these new-fangled 3D TV gadgets?
Buy a PS3.
No, seriously. Buy a PS3. Sony is making a big push into the world of 3D (Likely because they want to sell 3D TVs, of course…), so there are a growing number of titles for the PS3 with support for 3D TVs, including most of their AAA releases this year.
The XBox 360 is running a bit behind, but it’s not completely out of the picture. The recent rerelease of the original Halo had a stereoscopic mode, as did COD: Black Ops.
Of course, some games don’t have true 3D support and simply provide a side-by-side or checkerboard image. This means you’ll get a half-resolution image and things like system menus and achievements will be severely mangled when they appear. Games with these problems are fortunately becoming less prevalent.
3D TVs can use a variety of different techniques to produce a 3D image. Some will use active shutter glasses, pretty much like the SegaScope 3D did. These glasses will constantly alternate which eye is blacked out, as the screen constantly alternates frames. The problem with shutter glasses, aside from the potential for flickering, is the fact that the glasses themselves become an electric component, one that requires battery power, one that can break, and one, most importantly, that tends to cost a boatload of cash. Those that don’t use shutter glasses tend to use passive polarized glasses. Polarized glasses are not electronic, so there’s no battery to die in the middle of the movie, and they can be had for cheap, so you can throw a party and have enough glasses for everyone. There’s a third class of 3D TVs that are auto-stereoscopic, which means they don’t require glasses at all. These are rare and tend to have a very limited viewing angle. They’re great, if you don’t mind sitting directly in the center of the screen, exactly 8.5 feet away…
The 3DS is currently the only system that supports 3D on all of its games. It doesn’t require glasses of any kind, nor does it involve sticking your face into the viewfinder, strapping a spinning disc to your head, or even crossing your eyes. You just look at the screen and it’s in 3D. 3 It also hasn’t given me a headache yet.
Oh yeah, and the games aren’t very very red. That’s important.
Like I mentioned above, it doesn’t use glasses, putting it in the auto-stereoscopic arena. It acheives this by using what’s called a “parallax barrier”. Basically, it’s a high tech version of one of those 3D looking baseball cards or album covers. The 3DS screen is divided into columns of pixels, and the parallax barrier will block out half of them for each eye. It’s sort of like looking through the teeth of a comb at an image printed in strips the width of the teeth. The left eye and right eye will look through the same gap between the teeth, but they’ll see different strips of the image behind. The result is that each eye will get a full frame that only it can see. The downside is that it had a very narrow angle where the effect works. If you’re just off to the side, you see under the barrier and look at the pixels for the wrong eye, which is why the image will get inverted. If you go even farther (or get really close with a wide angle camera lens, as in the picture above), the angle to the barrier becomes so steep that you’ll start to see multiple images at once. The technology is still advancing, and it’s easy to imagine that a future screen would have a display that tracks your eye position (using the front facing camera) and constantly adjusts the barrier, so that no matter where you are looking from (or if two people are watching from different angles) the image will look correct.
The system got off to a bit of a rocky start, due to the high price tag and lack of killer games, but now that they’ve dropped the price and released Super Mario 3D Land, it’s got more of a chance. Then again, it might have more of a chance if Nintendo marketed it more as an upgraded DS with 3D support than a 3D system with upgraded DS support…
Oh, and I didn’t even mention the anagylphic games that were being developed for the Atari 2600… Or the fact that Luigi’s Mansion for the Game Cube was built to have stereoscopic 3D support. Oh well, can’t talk about everything, can I?
Did I mention it’s got Super Mario 3D Land? It has Super Mario 3D Land, so go get one and play Super Mario 3D Land. That game will wash the bad aftertaste of Wii waggle-infected Super Mario Galaxy from your mind.
Although, not necessarily the earliest overall. Finding out what 3D game was the first would involve something called “research” which I can’t be bothered with [↩]
Except for Outrun 3D, which I don’t have. Yet… [↩]
Although, you have to look at the screen -just right- or you’ll see double, but that’s a minor issue… [↩]
Winston High CPU Usage
heli_ewII “No Menu! Just Quit.”
Earthworm, Winston, heli_ewII, and partial traces
I guess I never mentioned…
Atari Robot
Speech and Face Recognition
Android Adventure
Crazy Weekend Project 1: Pong Robot
Crazy Weekend Project 2: Wesley Crusher Removal
Crazy Weekend Project 3: Atari Robot 2
Crazy Weekend Project 4
Electric Curiosities
Misc. Nonsense
Political Ramblings
Video Game Bender
MathPirate.net
"fairchild channel f" 3d 3d printing achievement unlocked android atari atari 2600 automation bluetooth bugs c# code crazy project weekend Cupcake of Glory design spec eclipse facial recognition FAIL frustration joystick kaboom lego mindstorms nes nintendo opencv paddle pong powered by awesome powered by suck Programming robotics sega silverlight snes speech recognition star trek testing time twitter utter gibberish Video Games virtual boy visual studio WIN wtf
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barelegged
adj. having the legs uncovered by clothing; "barelegged children on the beach"
Synonyms (40)
au naturel, nude, naked, bare
adj. completely unclothed; "bare bodies"; "naked from the waist up"; "a nude model"
stark naked, naked as a jaybird, in the raw, in the buff, in the altogether, bare-ass, bare-assed, peeled, raw
adj. (used informally) completely unclothed
bared, bareheaded
adj. having the head uncovered; "caught bareheaded by the downpour"; "with bared head"
raimentless, garmentless, clothesless
adj. possessing no clothing
in dishabille, en deshabille
adj. partly dressed in a loose or careless manner
uncovered, exposed
adj. not covered with clothing; "her exposed breast"
scantily clad, half-clothed, underclothed
adj. inadequately clothed
in your birthday suit, in one's birthday suit, naked as the day you were born, naked as the day one was born, mother-naked
adj. as naked as at birth
seminude
adj. partially clothed
starkers
adj. (British informal) stark naked
adj. with clothing stripped off
ungarmented, ungarbed, unappareled, undressed, unclad, unattired
adj. having removed clothing
without a stitch
adj. without any clothing at all
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.[4][5] Named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to the area of Britain that would later take their name, England, both names ultimately deriving from the Anglia peninsula in the Baltic Sea. It is closely related to the Frisian languages, but its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages, particularly Norse (a North Germanic language), as well as by Latin and French.[6]
English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the 5th century, are called Old English. Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England and was a period in which the language was influenced by French.[7] Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London, the printing of the King James Bibleand the start of the Great Vowel Shift.[8]
Through the worldwide influence of the British Empire, Modern English spread around the world from the 17th to mid-20th centuries. Through all types of printed and electronic media, and spurred by the emergence of the United States as a global superpower, English has become the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions and professional contexts such as science, navigation and law.[9]
English is the third most spoken native language in the world, after Standard Chinese and Spanish.[10] It is the most widely learned second language and is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states. There are more people who have learned it as a second language than there are native speakers. English is the most commonly spoken language in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland and New Zealand, and it is widely spoken in some areas of the Caribbean, Africa and South Asia.[11] It is a co-official language of the United Nations, the European Union and many other world and regional international organisations. It is the most widely spoken Germanic language, accounting for at least 70% of speakers of this Indo-European branch. English has a vast vocabulary, though counting how many words any language has is impossible.[12][13] English speakers are called "Anglophones".
Modern English grammar is the result of a gradual change from a typical Indo-European dependent marking pattern with a rich inflectional morphology and relatively free word order to a mostly analytic pattern with little inflection, a fairly fixed SVO word order and a complex syntax.[14] Modern English relies more on auxiliary verbs and word order for the expression of complex tenses, aspect and mood, as well as passive constructions, interrogatives and some negation. Despite noticeable variation among the accents and dialects of English used in different countries and regions—in terms of phonetics and phonology, and sometimes also vocabulary, grammar and spelling—English-speakers from around the world are able to communicate with one another with relative ease.
Anglic languages
Anglo-Frisian languages
Anglic and
North Sea Germanic languagesAnglo-Frisian and
Low German/Low Saxon
West Germanic languages
North Sea Germanic and
Phylogenetic tree showing the historical relations between the languages of the West Germanic branch of the Germanic languages
English is an Indo-European language and belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages.[15] Old Englishoriginated from a Germanic tribal and linguistic continuum along the coast of the North Sea, whose languages are now known as the Anglo-Frisian subgroup within West Germanic. As such, the modern Frisian languages are the closest living relatives of Modern English. Low German/Low Saxon is also closely related, and sometimes English, the Frisian languages, and Low German are grouped together as the Ingvaeonic (North Sea Germanic) languages, though this grouping remains debated.[16] Old English evolved into Middle English, which in turn evolved into Modern English.[17] Particular dialects of Old and Middle English also developed into a number of other Anglic languages, including Scots[18] and the extinct Fingallian and Forth and Bargy (Yola) dialects of Ireland.[19]
Like Icelandic and Faroese, the development of English on the British Isles isolated it from the continental Germanic languages and influences, and has since undergone substantial evolution. English is thus not mutually intelligible with any continental Germanic language, differing in vocabulary, syntax, and phonology, although some, such as Dutch or Frisian, do show strong affinities with English, especially with its earlier stages.[20]
Unlike Icelandic or Faroese, the long history of invasions of the British Isles by other peoples and languages, particularly Old Norse and Norman French, left a profound mark of their own on the language, such that English shares substantial vocabulary and grammar similarities with many languages outside its linguistic clades, while also being unintelligible with any of those languages. Some scholars have even argued that English can be considered a mixed language or a creole—a theory called the Middle English creole hypothesis. Although the high degree of influence from these languages on the vocabulary and grammar of Modern English is widely acknowledged, most specialists in language contact do not consider English to be a true mixed language.[21][22]
English is classified as a Germanic language because it shares innovations with other Germanic languages such as Dutch, German, and Swedish.[23] These shared innovations show that the languages have descended from a single common ancestor called Proto-Germanic. Some shared features of Germanic languages include the use of modal verbs, the division of verbs into strong and weak classes, and the sound changes affecting Proto-Indo-European consonants, known as Grimm's and Verner's laws. English is classified as an Anglo-Frisian language because Frisian and English share other features, such as the palatalisation of consonants that were velar consonants in Proto-Germanic (see Phonological history of Old English § Palatalization).[24]
English sing, sang, sung; Dutch zingen, zong, gezongen; German singen, sang, gesungen (strong verb)
English laugh, laughed; Dutch and German lachen, lachte (weak verb)
English foot, Dutch voet, German Fuß, Norwegian and Swedish fot (initial /f/ derived from Proto-Indo-European *p through Grimm's law)
(Compare Latin pes, stem ped-; Modern Greek πόδι pódi; Russian под pod; Sanskrit पद् pád)
English cheese, Frisian tsiis (ch and ts from palatalisation); German Käse and Dutch kaas (k without palatalisation)
Proto-Germanic to Old English
The opening to the Old English epic poem Beowulf, handwritten in half-uncial script:
Hƿæt ƿē Gārde/na ingēar dagum þēod cyninga / þrym ge frunon...
"Listen! We of the Spear-Danes from days of yore have heard of the glory of the folk-kings..."
The earliest form of English is called Old English or Anglo-Saxon (c. 550–1066 CE). Old English developed from a set of North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken along the coasts of Frisia, Lower Saxony, Jutland, and Southern Sweden by Germanic tribes known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. In the fifth century, the Anglo-Saxons settled Britainas the Roman economy and administration collapsed. By the seventh century, the Germanic language of the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in Britain, replacing the languages of Roman Britain (43–409 CE): Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Latin, brought to Britain by the Roman occupation.[25][26][27] England and English (originally Ænglaland and Ænglisc) are named after the Angles.[28]
Old English was divided into four dialects: the Anglian dialects, Mercian and Northumbrian, and the Saxon dialects, Kentish and West Saxon.[29] Through the educational reforms of King Alfred in the ninth century and the influence of the kingdom of Wessex, the West Saxon dialect became the standard written variety.[30] The epic poem Beowulf is written in West Saxon, and the earliest English poem, Cædmon's Hymn, is written in Northumbrian.[31] Modern English developed mainly from Mercian, but the Scots language developed from Northumbrian. A few short inscriptions from the early period of Old English were written using a runic script.[32] By the sixth century, a Latin alphabet was adopted, written with half-uncial letterforms. It included the runic letters wynn ⟨ƿ⟩ and thorn ⟨þ⟩, and the modified Latin letters eth ⟨ð⟩, and ash ⟨æ⟩.[32][33]
Old English is very different from Modern English and difficult for 21st-century English speakers to understand. Its grammar was similar to that of modern German, and its closest relative is Old Frisian. Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs had many more inflectional endings and forms, and word order was much freer than in Modern English. Modern English has case forms in pronouns (he, him, his) and a few verb endings (I have, he has), but Old English had case endings in nouns as well, and verbs had more person and number endings.[34][35][36]
The translation of Matthew 8:20 from 1000 CE shows examples of case endings (nominative plural, accusative plural, genitive singular) and a verb ending (present plural):
Foxas habbað holu and heofonan fuglas nest
Fox-as habb-að hol-u and heofon-an fugl-as nest-∅
fox-nom.pl have-prs.pl hole-acc.pl and heaven-gen.sg bird-nom.pl nest-acc.pl
"Foxes have holes and the birds of heaven nests"[37]
Englischmen þeyz hy hadde fram þe bygynnyng þre manner speche, Souþeron, Northeron, and Myddel speche in þe myddel of þe lond, … Noþeles by comyxstion and mellyng, furst wiþ Danes, and afterward wiþ Normans, in menye þe contray longage ys asperyed, and som vseþ strange wlaffyng, chyteryng, harryng, and garryng grisbytting.
Although, from the beginning, Englishmen had three manners of speaking, southern, northern and midlands speech in the middle of the country, … Nevertheless, through intermingling and mixing, first with Danes and then with Normans, amongst many the country language has arisen, and some use strange stammering, chattering, snarling, and grating gnashing.
John of Trevisa, ca. 1385[38]
In the period from the 8th to the 12th century, Old English gradually transformed through language contact into Middle English. Middle English is often arbitrarily defined as beginning with the conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066, but it developed further in the period from 1200–1450.
First, the waves of Norse colonisation of northern parts of the British Isles in the 8th and 9th centuries put Old English into intense contact with Old Norse, a North Germanic language. Norse influence was strongest in the Northeastern varieties of Old English spoken in the Danelaw area around York, which was the centre of Norse colonisation; today these features are still particularly present in Scots and Northern English. However the centre of norsified English seems to have been in the Midlands around Lindsey, and after 920 CE when Lindsey was reincorporated into the Anglo-Saxon polity, Norse features spread from there into English varieties that had not been in intense contact with Norse speakers. Some elements of Norse influence that persist in all English varieties today are the pronouns beginning with th-(they, them, their) which replaced the Anglo-Saxon pronouns with h- (hie, him, hera).[39]
With the Norman conquest of England in 1066, the now norsified Old English language was subject to contact with the Old Norman language, a Romance languageclosely related to Modern French. The Norman language in England eventually developed into Anglo-Norman. Because Norman was spoken primarily by the elites and nobles, while the lower classes continued speaking Anglo-Saxon, the influence of Norman consisted of introducing a wide range of loanwords related to politics, legislation and prestigious social domains.[40] Middle English also greatly simplified the inflectional system, probably in order to reconcile Old Norse and Old English, which were inflectionally different but morphologically similar. The distinction between nominative and accusative case was lost except in personal pronouns, the instrumental case was dropped, and the use of the genitive case was limited to describing possession. The inflectional system regularised many irregular inflectional forms,[41] and gradually simplified the system of agreement, making word order less flexible.[42] By the Wycliffe Bible of the 1380s, the passage Matthew 8:20 was written
Foxis han dennes, and briddis of heuene han nestis[43]
Here the plural suffix -n on the verb have is still retained, but none of the case endings on the nouns are present.
By the 12th century Middle English was fully developed, integrating both Norse and Norman features; it continued to be spoken until the transition to early Modern English around 1500. Middle English literature includes Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, and Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur. In the Middle English period, the use of regional dialects in writing proliferated, and dialect traits were even used for effect by authors such as Chaucer.
Graphic representation of the Great Vowel Shift, showing how the pronunciation of the long vowels gradually shifted, with the high vowels i: and u: breaking into diphthongs and the lower vowels each shifting their pronunciation up one level
The next period in the history of English was Early Modern English (1500–1700). Early Modern English was characterised by the Great Vowel Shift (1350–1700), inflectional simplification, and linguistic standardisation.
The Great Vowel Shift affected the stressed long vowels of Middle English. It was a chain shift, meaning that each shift triggered a subsequent shift in the vowel system. Mid and open vowels were raised, and close vowels were broken into diphthongs. For example, the word bite was originally pronounced as the word beet is today, and the second vowel in the word about was pronounced as the word boot is today. The Great Vowel Shift explains many irregularities in spelling since English retains many spellings from Middle English, and it also explains why English vowel letters have very different pronunciations from the same letters in other languages.[44][45]
English began to rise in prestige, relative to Norman French, during the reign of Henry V. Around 1430, the Court of Chancery in Westminster began using English in its official documents, and a new standard form of Middle English, known as Chancery Standard, developed from the dialects of London and the East Midlands. In 1476, William Caxton introduced the printing press to England and began publishing the first printed books in London, expanding the influence of this form of English.[46] Literature from the Early Modern period includes the works of William Shakespeare and the translation of the Bible commissioned by King James I. Even after the vowel shift the language still sounded different from Modern English: for example, the consonant clusters /kn ɡn sw/ in knight, gnat, and sword were still pronounced. Many of the grammatical features that a modern reader of Shakespeare might find quaint or archaic represent the distinct characteristics of Early Modern English.[47]
In the 1611 King James Version of the Bible, written in Early Modern English, Matthew 8:20 says:
The Foxes haue holes and the birds of the ayre haue nests[37]
This exemplifies the loss of case and its effects on sentence structure (replacement with Subject-Verb-Object word order, and the use of of instead of the non-possessive genitive), and the introduction of loanwords from French (ayre) and word replacements (bird originally meaning "nestling" had replaced OE fugol).
Spread of Modern English
By the late 18th century, the British Empire had facilitated the spread of English through its colonies and geopolitical dominance. Commerce, science and technology, diplomacy, art, and formal education all contributed to English becoming the first truly global language. English also facilitated worldwide international communication.[48][9] As England continued to form new colonies, these, in turn, became independent and developed their own norms for how to speak and write the language. English was adopted in North America, India, parts of Africa, Australasia, and many other regions. In the post-colonial period, some of the newly created nations that had multiple indigenous languages opted to continue using English as the official language to avoid the political difficulties inherent in promoting any one indigenous language above the others.[49][50][51] In the 20th century the growing economic and cultural influence of the United States and its status as a superpower following the Second World War has, along with worldwide broadcasting in English by the BBC[52] and other broadcasters, significantly accelerated the spread of the language across the planet.[53][54] By the 21st century, English was more widely spoken and written than any language has ever been.[55]
A major feature in the early development of Modern English was the codification of explicit norms for standard usage, and their dissemination through official media such as public education and state-sponsored publications. In 1755 Samuel Johnson published his A Dictionary of the English Language which introduced a standard set of spelling conventions and usage norms. In 1828, Noah Webster published the American Dictionary of the English language in an effort to establish a norm for speaking and writing American English that was independent from the British standard. Within Britain, non-standard or lower class dialect features were increasingly stigmatised, leading to the quick spread of the prestige varieties among the middle classes.[56]
In terms of grammatical evolution, Modern English has now reached a stage where the loss of case is almost complete (case is now only found in pronouns, such as he and him, she and her, who and whom), and where SVO word-order is mostly fixed.[56] Some changes, such as the use of do-support have become universalised. (Earlier English did not use the word "do" as a general auxiliary as Modern English does; at first it was only used in question constructions where it was not obligatory.[57] Now, do-support with the verb have is becoming increasingly standardised.) The use of progressive forms in -ing, appears to be spreading to new constructions, and forms such as had been being built are becoming more common. Regularisation of irregular forms also slowly continues (e.g. dreamed instead of dreamt), and analytical alternatives to inflectional forms are becoming more common (e.g. more polite instead of politer). British English is also undergoing change under the influence of American English, fuelled by the strong presence of American English in the media and the prestige associated with the US as a world power. [58][59][60]
Percentage of English native speakers.
Percentage of English speakers by country.
As of 2016, 400 million people spoke English as their first language, and 1.1 billion spoke it as a secondary language.[61] English is probably the third largest language by number of native speakers, after Mandarin and Spanish.[10] However, when combining native and non-native speakers it may, depending on the estimate used, be the most commonly spoken language in the world.[55][62][63][64] English is spoken by communities on every continent and on oceanic islands in all the major oceans.[65]
The countries in which English is spoken can be grouped into different categories by how English is used in each country. The "inner circle"[66] countries with many native speakers of English share an international standard of written English and jointly influence speech norms of English around the world. English does not belong to just one country, and it does not belong solely to descendants of English settlers. English is an official language of countries populated by few descendants of native speakers of English. It has also become by far the most important language of international communication when people who share no native language meet anywhere in the world.
Three circles of English-speaking countries
Braj Kachru distinguishes countries where English is spoken with a three circles model.[66] In his model, the "inner circle" countries are countries with large communities of native speakers of English, "outer circle" countries have small communities of native speakers of English but widespread use of English as a second language in education or broadcasting or for local official purposes, and "expanding circle" countries are countries where many learners learn English as a foreign language. Kachru bases his model on the history of how English spread in different countries, how users acquire English, and the range of uses English has in each country. The three circles change membership over time.[67]
Braj Kachru's Three Circles of English.
Countries with large communities of native speakers of English (the inner circle) include Britain, the United States, Australia, Canada, Ireland, and New Zealand, where the majority speaks English, and South Africa, where a significant minority speaks English. The countries with the most native English speakers are, in descending order, the United States (at least 231 million),[68] the United Kingdom (60 million),[69][70][71] Canada (19 million),[72] Australia (at least 17 million),[73] South Africa (4.8 million),[74]Ireland (4.2 million), and New Zealand (3.7 million).[75] In these countries, children of native speakers learn English from their parents, and local people who speak other languages or new immigrants learn English to communicate in their neighbourhoods and workplaces.[76] The inner-circle countries provide the base from which English spreads to other countries in the world.[67]
Estimates of the number of English speakers who are second language and foreign-language speakers vary greatly from 470 million to more than 1,000 million depending on how proficiency is defined.[11] Linguist David Crystal estimates that non-native speakers now outnumber native speakers by a ratio of 3 to 1.[62] In Kachru's three-circles model, the "outer circle" countries are countries such as the Philippines,[77] Jamaica,[78] India, Pakistan, Singapore,[79] and Nigeria[80][81] with a much smaller proportion of native speakers of English but much use of English as a second language for education, government, or domestic business, and where English is routinely used for school instruction and official interactions with the government.[82]
Those countries have millions of native speakers of dialect continua ranging from an English-based creole to a more standard version of English. They have many more speakers of English who acquire English in the process of growing up through day by day use and listening to broadcasting, especially if they attend schools where English is the medium of instruction. Varieties of English learned by speakers who are not native speakers born to English-speaking parents may be influenced, especially in their grammar, by the other languages spoken by those learners.[76] Most of those varieties of English include words little used by native speakers of English in the inner-circle countries,[76] and they may have grammatical and phonological differences from inner-circle varieties as well. The standard English of the inner-circle countries is often taken as a norm for use of English in the outer-circle countries.[76]
In the three-circles model, countries such as Poland, China, Brazil, Germany, Japan, Indonesia, Egypt, and other countries where English is taught as a foreign language make up the "expanding circle".[83] The distinctions between English as a first language, as a second language, and as a foreign language are often debatable and may change in particular countries over time.[82] For example, in the Netherlands and some other countries of Europe, knowledge of English as a second language is nearly universal, with over 80 percent of the population able to use it,[84] and thus English is routinely used to communicate with foreigners and often in higher education. In these countries, although English is not used for government business, its widespread use puts them at the boundary between the "outer circle" and "expanding circle". English is unusual among world languages in how many of its users are not native speakers but speakers of English as a second or foreign language.[85]
Many users of English in the expanding circle use it to communicate with other people from the expanding circle, so that interaction with native speakers of English plays no part in their decision to use English.[86] Non-native varieties of English are widely used for international communication, and speakers of one such variety often encounter features of other varieties.[87] Very often today a conversation in English anywhere in the world may include no native speakers of English at all, even while including speakers from several different countries.[88]
Pie chart showing the percentage of native English speakers living in "inner circle" English-speaking countries. Native speakers are now substantially outnumbered worldwide by second-language speakers of English (not counted in this chart).
US (64.3%)
UK (16.7%)
Canada (5.3%)
Australia (4.7%)
South Africa (1.3%)
Ireland (1.1%)
New Zealand (1%)
Other (5.6%)
Pluricentric English
English is a pluricentric language, which means that no one national authority sets the standard for use of the language.[89][90][91][92] But English is not a divided language,[93] despite a long-standing joke originally attributed to George Bernard Shaw that the United Kingdom and the United States are "two countries separated by a common language".[94] Spoken English, for example English used in broadcasting, generally follows national pronunciation standards that are also established by custom rather than by regulation. International broadcasters are usually identifiable as coming from one country rather than another through their accents,[95] but newsreader scripts are also composed largely in international standard written English. The norms of standard written English are maintained purely by the consensus of educated English-speakers around the world, without any oversight by any government or international organisation.[96]
American listeners generally readily understand most British broadcasting, and British listeners readily understand most American broadcasting. Most English speakers around the world can understand radio programmes, television programmes, and films from many parts of the English-speaking world.[97] Both standard and non-standard varieties of English can include both formal or informal styles, distinguished by word choice and syntax and use both technical and non-technical registers.[98]
The settlement history of the English-speaking inner circle countries outside Britain helped level dialect distinctions and produce koineised forms of English in South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.[99] The majority of immigrants to the United States without British ancestry rapidly adopted English after arrival. Now the majority of the United States population are monolingual English speakers,[100][68] although English has been given official status by only 30 of the 50 state governments of the US.[101][102]
English as a global language
English has ceased to be an "English language" in the sense of belonging only to people who are ethnically English.[103][104] Use of English is growing country-by-country internally and for international communication. Most people learn English for practical rather than ideological reasons.[105] Many speakers of English in Africa have become part of an "Afro-Saxon" language community that unites Africans from different countries.[106]
As decolonisation proceeded throughout the British Empire in the 1950s and 1960s, former colonies often did not reject English but rather continued to use it as independent countries setting their own language policies.[50][51][107] For example, the view of the English language among many Indians has gone from associating it with colonialism to associating it with economic progress, and English continues to be an official language of India.[108] English is also widely used in media and literature, and the number of English language books published annually in India is the third largest in the world after the US and UK.[109] However English is rarely spoken as a first language, numbering only around a couple hundred-thousand people, and less than 5% of the population speak fluent English in India.[110][111] David Crystal claimed in 2004 that, combining native and non-native speakers, India now has more people who speak or understand English than any other country in the world,[112] but the number of English speakers in India is very uncertain, with most scholars concluding that the United States still has more speakers of English than India.[113]
Modern English, sometimes described as the first global lingua franca,[53][114] is also regarded as the first world language.[115][116] English is the world's most widely used language in newspaper publishing, book publishing, international telecommunications, scientific publishing, international trade, mass entertainment, and diplomacy.[116] English is, by international treaty, the basis for the required controlled natural languages[117]Seaspeak and Airspeak, used as international languages of seafaring[118] and aviation.[119] English used to have parity with French and German in scientific research, but now it dominates that field.[120] It achieved parity with French as a language of diplomacy at the Treaty of Versailles negotiations in 1919.[121] By the time of the foundation of the United Nations at the end of World War II, English had become pre-eminent [122] and is now the main worldwide language of diplomacy and international relations.[123] It is one of six official languages of the United Nations.[124] Many other worldwide international organisations, including the International Olympic Committee, specify English as a working language or official language of the organisation.
Many regional international organisations such as the European Free Trade Association, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN),[54] and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) set English as their organisation's sole working language even though most members are not countries with a majority of native English speakers. While the European Union (EU) allows member states to designate any of the national languages as an official language of the Union, in practice English is the main working language of EU organisations.[125]
Although in most countries English is not an official language, it is currently the language most often taught as a foreign language.[53][54] In the countries of the EU, English is the most widely spoken foreign language in nineteen of the twenty-five member states where it is not an official language (that is, the countries other than the UK, Ireland and Malta). In a 2012 official Eurobarometer poll, 38 percent of the EU respondents outside the countries where English is an official language said they could speak English well enough to have a conversation in that language. The next most commonly mentioned foreign language, French (which is the most widely known foreign language in the UK and Ireland), could be used in conversation by 12 percent of respondents.[126]
A working knowledge of English has become a requirement in a number of occupations and professions such as medicine[127] and computing. English has become so important in scientific publishing that more than 80 percent of all scientific journal articles indexed by Chemical Abstracts in 1998 were written in English, as were 90 percent of all articles in natural science publications by 1996 and 82 percent of articles in humanities publications by 1995.[128]
Specialised subsets of English arise spontaneously in international communities, for example, among international business people, as an auxiliary language. This has led some scholars to develop the study of English as an auxiliary language. Globish uses a relatively small subset of English vocabulary (about 1500 words with highest use in international business English) in combination with the standard English grammar. Other examples include Simple English.
The increased use of the English language globally has had an effect on other languages, leading to some English words being assimilated into the vocabularies of other languages. This influence of English has led to concerns about language death,[129] and to claims of linguistic imperialism,[130] and has provoked resistance to the spread of English; however the number of speakers continues to increase because many people around the world think that English provides them with opportunities for better employment and improved lives.[131]
Although some scholars mention a possibility of future divergence of English dialects into mutually unintelligible languages, most think a more likely outcome is that English will continue to function as a koineisedlanguage in which the standard form unifies speakers from around the world.[132] English is used as the language for wider communication in countries around the world.[133] Thus English has grown in worldwide use much more than any constructed language proposed as an international auxiliary language, including Esperanto.[134][135]
The phonetics and phonology of the English language differ from one dialect to another, usually without interfering with mutual communication. Phonological variation affects the inventory of phonemes (i.e. speech sounds that distinguish meaning), and phonetic variation consists in differences in pronunciation of the phonemes. [136] This overview mainly describes the standard pronunciations of the United Kingdom and the United States: Received Pronunciation (RP) and General American (GA). (See § Dialects, accents, and varieties, below.)
The phonetic symbols used below are from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).[137][138][139]
Most English dialects share the same 24 consonant phonemes. The consonant inventory shown below is valid for Californian American English,[140] and for RP.[141]
Consonant phonemes
Post-
Palatal
Glottal
m n ŋ
p b t d tʃ dʒ k ɡ
Fricative
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
l ɹ* j w
* Conventionally transcribed /r/.
In the table, when obstruents (stops, affricates, and fricatives) appear in pairs, such as /p b/, /tʃ dʒ/, and /s z/, the first is fortis (strong) and the second is lenis (weak). Fortis obstruents, such as /p tʃ s/ are pronounced with more muscular tension and breath force than lenis consonants, such as /b dʒ z/, and are always voiceless. Lenis consonants are partly voiced at the beginning and end of utterances, and fully voiced between vowels. Fortis stops such as /p/ have additional articulatory or acoustic features in most dialects: they are aspirated [pʰ] when they occur alone at the beginning of a stressed syllable, often unaspirated in other cases, and often unreleased [p̚] or pre-glottalised [ʔp] at the end of a syllable. In a single-syllable word, a vowel before a fortis stop is shortened: thus nip has a noticeably shorter vowel (phonetically, but not phonemically) than nib [nɪˑb̥](see below).[142]
lenis stops: bin [b̥ɪˑn], about [əˈbaʊt], nib [nɪˑb̥]
fortis stops: pin [pʰɪn]; spin [spɪn]; happy [ˈhæpi]; nip [nɪp̚] or [nɪʔp]
In RP, the lateral approximant /l/, has two main allophones (pronunciation variants): the clear or plain [l], as in light, and the dark or velarised [ɫ], as in full.[143] GA has dark l in most cases.[144]
clear l: RP light [laɪt]
dark l: RP and GA full [fʊɫ], GA light [ɫaɪt]
All sonorants (liquids /l, r/ and nasals /m, n, ŋ/) devoice when following a voiceless obstruent, and they are syllabic when following a consonant at the end of a word.[145]
voiceless sonorants: clay [kl̥eɪ̯]; snow RP [sn̥əʊ̯], GA [sn̥oʊ̯]
syllabic sonorants: paddle [ˈpad.l̩], button [ˈbʌt.n̩]
The pronunciation of vowels varies a great deal between dialects and is one of the most detectable aspects of a speaker's accent. The table below lists the vowel phonemes in Received Pronunciation (RP) and General American (GA), with examples of words in which they occur from lexical sets compiled by linguists. The vowels are represented with symbols from the International Phonetic Alphabet; those given for RP are standard in British dictionaries and other publications.[146]
Monophthongs
iː i need
ɪ bid
e ɛ bed
æ back
ɑː ɑ bra
ɒ box
ɔ, ɑ cloth
ɔː paw
uː u food
ʊ good
ʌ but
ɜː ɜr bird
ə comma
Closing diphthongs
eɪ bay
əʊ oʊ road
aɪ cry
aʊ cow
ɔɪ boy
Centering diphthongs
ɪə ɪɹ peer
eə ɛɹ pair
ʊə ʊɹ poor
In RP, vowel length is phonemic; long vowels are marked with a triangular colon ⟨ː⟩ in the table above, such as the vowel of need [niːd] as opposed to bid [bɪd]. In GA, vowel length is non-distinctive.
In both RP and GA, vowels are phonetically shortened before fortis consonants in the same syllable, like /t tʃ f/, but not before lenis consonants like /d dʒ v/ or in open syllables: thus, the vowels of rich [rɪtʃ], neat [nit], and safe [seɪ̯f] are noticeably shorter than the vowels of ridge [rɪˑdʒ], need [niˑd], and save [seˑɪ̯v], and the vowel of light [laɪ̯t] is shorter than that of lie [laˑɪ̯]. Because lenis consonants are frequently voiceless at the end of a syllable, vowel length is an important cue as to whether the following consonant is lenis or fortis.[147]
The vowel /ə/ only occurs in unstressed syllables and is closer in quality when followed by a morpheme-internal consonant and opener when morpheme-final or prevocalic.[148][149] Some dialects do not contrast /ɪ/ and /ə/in unstressed positions, so that rabbit and abbot rhyme and Lenin and Lennon are homophonous, a dialect feature called weak vowel merger.[150] GA /ɜr/ and /ər/ are realised as an r-coloured vowel [ɚ], as in further[ˈfɚðɚ] (phonemically /ˈfɜrðər/, which in RP is realised as [ˈfəːðə] (phonemically /ˈfɜːðə/).[151]
Phonotactics
An English syllable includes a syllable nucleus consisting of a vowel sound. Syllable onset and coda (start and end) are optional. A syllable can start with up to three consonant sounds, as in sprint /sprɪnt/, and end with up to four, as in texts /teksts/. This gives an English syllable the following structure, (CCC)V(CCCC) where C represents a consonant and V a vowel; the word strengths /strɛŋkθs/ is thus an example of the most complex syllable possible in English. The consonants that may appear together in onsets or codas are restricted, as is the order in which they may appear. Onsets can only have four types of consonant clusters: a stop and approximant, as in play; a voiceless fricative and approximant, as in fly or sly; s and a voiceless stop, as in stay; and s, a voiceless stop, and an approximant, as in string.[152] Clusters of nasal and stop are only allowed in codas. Clusters of obstruents always agree invoicing, and clusters of sibilants and of plosives with the same point of articulation are prohibited. Furthermore, several consonants have limited distributions: /h/ can only occur in syllable-initial position, and /ŋ/ only in syllable-final position.[153]
Stress, rhythm and intonation
Stress plays an important role in English. Certain syllables are stressed, while others are unstressed. Stress is a combination of duration, intensity, vowel quality, and sometimes changes in pitch. Stressed syllables are pronounced longer and louder than unstressed syllables, and vowels in unstressed syllables are frequently reduced while vowels in stressed syllables are not.[154] Some words, primarily short function words but also some modal verbs such as can, have weak and strong forms depending on whether they occur in stressed or non-stressed position within a sentence.
Stress in English is phonemic, and some pairs of words are distinguished by stress. For instance, the word contract is stressed on the first syllable (/ˈkɒntrækt/ KON-trakt) when used as a noun, but on the last syllable (/kənˈtrækt/ kən-TRAKT) for most meanings (for example, "reduce in size") when used as a verb.[155][156][157] Here stress is connected to vowel reduction: in the noun "contract" the first syllable is stressed and has the unreduced vowel /ɒ/, but in the verb "contract" the first syllable is unstressed and its vowel is reduced to /ə/. Stress is also used to distinguish between words and phrases, so that a compound word receives a single stress unit, but the corresponding phrase has two: e.g. a burnout (/ˈbɜːrnaʊt/) versus to burn out (/ˈbɜːrn ˈaʊt/), and a hotdog (/ˈhɒtdɒɡ/) versus a hot dog (/ˈhɒt ˈdɒɡ/).[158]
In terms of rhythm, English is generally described as a stress-timed language, meaning that the amount of time between stressed syllables tends to be equal. Stressed syllables are pronounced longer, but unstressed syllables (syllables between stresses) are shortened. Vowels in unstressed syllables are shortened as well, and vowel shortening causes changes in vowel quality: vowel reduction.
Regional variation
showVarieties of Standard English and their features[159]
Dialects and low vowels
Lexical set
Sound change
/ɔː/ /ɔ/ or /ɑ/ /ɑ/ cot–caught merger
/ɒ/ lot–cloth split
/ɑ/ father–bother merger
/ɑː/
/æ/ /æ/ trap–bath split
/æ/
Varieties of English vary the most in pronunciation of vowels. The best known national varieties used as standards for education in non English-speaking countries are British (BrE) and American (AmE). Countries such as Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and South Africa have their own standard varieties which are less often used as standards for education internationally. Some differences between the various dialects are shown in the table "Varieties of Standard English and their features".[159]
English has undergone many historical sound changes, some of them affecting all varieties, and others affecting only a few. Most standard varieties are affected by the Great Vowel Shift, which changed the pronunciation of long vowels, but a few dialects have slightly different results. In North America, a number of chain shifts such as the Northern Cities Vowel Shift and Canadian Shift have produced very different vowel landscapes in some regional accents.
Some dialects have fewer or more consonant phonemes and phones than the standard varieties. Some conservative varieties like Scottish English have a voiceless [ʍ] sound in whine that contrasts with the voiced [w] in wine, but most other dialects pronounce both words with voiced [w], a dialect feature called wine–whine merger. The unvoiced velar fricative sound /x/ is found in Scottish English, which distinguishes loch /lɔx/ from lock /lɔk/. Accents like Cockney with "h-dropping" lack the glottal fricative /h/, and dialects with th-stopping and th-fronting like African American Vernacular and Estuary English do not have the dental fricatives /θ, ð/, but replace them with dental or alveolar stops /t, d/ or labiodental fricatives /f, v/.[160][161] Other changes affecting the phonology of local varieties are processes such as yod-dropping, yod-coalescence, and reduction of consonant clusters.
General American and Received Pronunciation vary in their pronunciation of historical /r/ after a vowel at the end of a syllable (in the syllable coda). GA is a rhotic dialect, meaning that it pronounces /r/ at the end of a syllable, but RP is non-rhotic, meaning that it loses /r/ in that position. English dialects are classified as rhotic or non-rhotic depending on whether they elide /r/ like RP or keep it like GA.[162]
There is complex dialectal variation in words with the open front and open back vowels /æ ɑː ɒ ɔː/. These four vowels are only distinguished in RP, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. In GA, these vowels merge to three /æ ɑ ɔ/,[163] and in Canadian English, they merge to two /æ ɑ/.[164] In addition, the words that have each vowel vary by dialect. The table "Dialects and open vowels" shows this variation with lexical sets in which these sounds occur.
As is typical of an Indo-European language, English follows accusative morphosyntactic alignment. Unlike other Indo-European languages though, English has largely abandoned the inflectional case system in favor of analytic constructions. Only the personal pronouns retain morphological case more strongly than any other word class. English distinguishes at least seven major word classes: verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, determiners (including articles), prepositions, and conjunctions. Some analyses add pronouns as a class separate from nouns, and subdivide conjunctions into subordinators and coordinators, and add the class of interjections.[165] English also has a rich set of auxiliary verbs, such as have and do, expressing the categories of mood and aspect. Questions are marked by do-support, wh-movement (fronting of question words beginning with wh-) and word order inversion with some verbs.
Some traits typical of Germanic languages persist in English, such as the distinction between irregularly inflected strong stems inflected through ablaut (i.e. changing the vowel of the stem, as in the pairs speak/spoke and foot/feet) and weak stems inflected through affixation (such as love/loved, hand/hands). Vestiges of the case and gender system are found in the pronoun system (he/him, who/whom) and in the inflection of the copula verb to be.
The seven word classes are exemplified in this sample sentence:[166]
The chairman of the committee and the loquacious politician clashed violently when the meeting started.
Det. Noun Prep. Det. Noun Conj. Det. Adj. Noun Verb Advb. Conj. Det. Noun Verb
Nouns and noun phrases
English nouns are only inflected for number and possession. New nouns can be formed through derivation or compounding. They are semantically divided into proper nouns (names) and common nouns. Common nouns are in turn divided into concrete and abstract nouns, and grammatically into count nouns and mass nouns.[167]
Most count nouns are inflected for plural number through the use of the plural suffix -s, but a few nouns have irregular plural forms. Mass nouns can only be pluralised through the use of a count noun classifier, e.g. one loaf of bread, two loaves of bread.[168]
Regular plural formation:
Singular: cat, dog
Plural: cats, dogs
Irregular plural formation:
Singular: man, woman, foot, fish, ox, knife, mouse
Plural: men, women, feet, fish, oxen, knives, mice
Possession can be expressed either by the possessive enclitic -s (also traditionally called a genitive suffix), or by the preposition of. Historically the -s possessive has been used for animate nouns, whereas the ofpossessive has been reserved for inanimate nouns. Today this distinction is less clear, and many speakers use -s also with inanimates. Orthographically the possessive -s is separated from the noun root with an apostrophe.
Possessive constructions:
With -s: The woman's husband's child
With of: The child of the husband of the woman
Nouns can form noun phrases (NPs) where they are the syntactic head of the words that depend on them such as determiners, quantifiers, conjunctions or adjectives.[169] Noun phrases can be short, such as the man, composed only of a determiner and a noun. They can also include modifiers such as adjectives (e.g. red, tall, all) and specifiers such as determiners (e.g. the, that). But they can also tie together several nouns into a single long NP, using conjunctions such as and, or prepositions such as with, e.g. the tall man with the long red trousers and his skinny wife with the spectacles (this NP uses conjunctions, prepositions, specifiers, and modifiers). Regardless of length, an NP functions as a syntactic unit. For example, the possessive enclitic can, in cases which do not lead to ambiguity, follow the entire noun phrase, as in The President of India's wife, where the enclitic follows India and not President.
The class of determiners is used to specify the noun they precede in terms of definiteness, where the marks a definite noun and a or an an indefinite one. A definite noun is assumed by the speaker to be already known by the interlocutor, whereas an indefinite noun is not specified as being previously known. Quantifiers, which include one, many, some and all, are used to specify the noun in terms of quantity or number. The noun must agree with the number of the determiner, e.g. one man (sg.) but all men (pl.). Determiners are the first constituents in a noun phrase.[170]
Adjectives modify a noun by providing additional information about their referents. In English, adjectives come before the nouns they modify and after determiners.[171] In Modern English, adjectives are not inflected, and they do not agree in form with the noun they modify, as adjectives in most other Indo-European languages do. For example, in the phrases the slender boy, and many slender girls, the adjective slender does not change form to agree with either the number or gender of the noun.
Some adjectives are inflected for degree of comparison, with the positive degree unmarked, the suffix -er marking the comparative, and -est marking the superlative: a small boy, the boy is smaller than the girl, that boy is the smallest. Some adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms, such as good, better, and best. Other adjectives have comparatives formed by periphrastic constructions, with the adverb more marking the comparative, and most marking the superlative: happier or more happy, the happiest or most happy.[172] There is some variation among speakers regarding which adjectives use inflected or periphrastic comparison, and some studies have shown a tendency for the periphrastic forms to become more common at the expense of the inflected form.[173]
Pronouns, case, and person
English pronouns conserve many traits of case and gender inflection. The personal pronouns retain a difference between subjective and objective case in most persons (I/me, he/him, she/her, we/us, they/them) as well as a gender and animateness distinction in the third person singular (distinguishing he/she/it). The subjective case corresponds to the Old English nominative case, and the objective case is used both in the sense of the previous accusative case (in the role of patient, or direct object of a transitive verb), and in the sense of the Old English dative case (in the role of a recipient or indirect object of a transitive verb).[174][175] Subjective case is used when the pronoun is the subject of a finite clause, and otherwise, the objective case is used.[176] While grammarians such as Henry Sweet[177] and Otto Jespersen[178] noted that the English cases did not correspond to the traditional Latin based system, some contemporary grammars, for example Huddleston & Pullum (2002), retain traditional labels for the cases, calling them nominative and accusative cases respectively.
Possessive pronouns exist in dependent and independent forms; the dependent form functions as a determiner specifying a noun (as in my chair), while the independent form can stand alone as if it were a noun (e.g. the chair is mine).[179] The English system of grammatical person no longer has a distinction between formal and informal pronouns of address (the old 2nd person singular familiar pronoun thou acquired a pejorative or inferior tinge of meaning and was abandoned), and the forms for 2nd person plural and singular are identical except in the reflexive form. Some dialects have introduced innovative 2nd person plural pronouns such as y'all found in Southern American English and African American (Vernacular) English or youse and ye found in Irish English.
English personal pronouns
Subjective case
Objective case
Dependent possessive
Independent possessive
1st p. sg.
I me my mine myself
2nd p. sg.
you you your yours yourself
3rd p. sg.
he/she/it him/her/it his/her/its his/hers/its himself/herself/itself
1st p. pl.
we us our ours ourselves
2nd p. pl.
you you your yours yourselves
3rd p. pl
they them their theirs themselves
Pronouns are used to refer to entities deictically or anaphorically. A deictic pronoun points to some person or object by identifying it relative to the speech situation—for example, the pronoun I identifies the speaker, and the pronoun you, the addressee. Anaphorical pronouns such as that refer back to an entity already mentioned or assumed by the speaker to be known by the audience, for example in the sentence I already told you that. The reflexive pronouns are used when the oblique argument is identical to the subject of a phrase (e.g. "he sent it to himself" or "she braced herself for impact").[180]
Prepositional phrases (PP) are phrases composed of a preposition and one or more nouns, e.g. with the dog, for my friend, to school, in England. Prepositions have a wide range of uses in English. They are used to describe movement, place, and other relations between different entities, but they also have many syntactic uses such as introducing complement clauses and oblique arguments of verbs. For example, in the phrase I gave it to him, the preposition to marks the recipient, or Indirect Object of the verb to give. Traditionally words were only considered prepositions if they governed the case of the noun they preceded, for example causing the pronouns to use the objective rather than subjective form, "with her", "to me", "for us". But some contemporary grammars such as that of Huddleston & Pullum (2002:598–600) no longer consider government of case to be the defining feature of the class of prepositions, rather defining prepositions as words that can function as the heads of prepositional phrases.
Verbs and verb phrases
English verbs are inflected for tense and aspect and marked for agreement with third person singular subject. Only the copula verb to be is still inflected for agreement with the plural and first and second person subjects.[172] Auxiliary verbs such as have and be are paired with verbs in the infinitive, past, or progressive forms. They form complex tenses, aspects, and moods. Auxiliary verbs differ from other verbs in that they can be followed by the negation, and in that they can occur as the first constituent in a question sentence.[181][182]
Most verbs have six inflectional forms. The primary forms are a plain present, a third person singular present, and a preterite (past) form. The secondary forms are a plain form used for the infinitive, a gerund-participle and a past participle.[183] The copula verb to be is the only verb to retain some of its original conjugation, and takes different inflectional forms depending on the subject. The first person present tense form is am, the third person singular form is and the form are is used second person singular and all three plurals. The only verb past participle is been and its gerund-participle is being.
English inflectional forms
Inflection
Plain present
take love
3rd person sg.
takes loves
Preterite
took loved
Plain (infinitive)
Gerund–participle
taking loving
taken loved
Tense, aspect and mood
English has two primary tenses, past (preterit) and non-past. The preterit is inflected by using the preterit form of the verb, which for the regular verbs includes the suffix -ed, and for the strong verbs either the suffix -t or a change in the stem vowel. The non-past form is unmarked except in the third person singular, which takes the suffix -s.[181]
I run I ran
Second person
You run You ran
John runs John ran
English does not have a morphologised future tense.[184] Futurity of action is expressed periphrastically with one of the auxiliary verbs will or shall.[185] Many varieties also use a near future constructed with the phrasal verb be going to.[186]
I will run
You will run
John will run
Further aspectual distinctions are encoded by the use of auxiliary verbs, primarily have and be, which encode the contrast between a perfect and non-perfect past tense (I have run vs. I was running), and compound tenses such as preterite perfect (I had been running) and present perfect (I have been running).[187]
For the expression of mood, English uses a number of modal auxiliaries, such as can, may, will, shall and the past tense forms could, might, would, should. There is also a subjunctive and an imperative mood, both based on the plain form of the verb (i.e. without the third person singular -s), and which is used in subordinate clauses (e.g. subjunctive: It is important that he run every day; imperative Run!).[185]
An infinitive form, that uses the plain form of the verb and the preposition to, is used for verbal clauses that are syntactically subordinate to a finite verbal clause. Finite verbal clauses are those that are formed around a verb in the present or preterit form. In clauses with auxiliary verbs, they are the finite verbs and the main verb is treated as a subordinate clause. For example, he has to go where only the auxiliary verb have is inflected for time and the main verb to go is in the infinitive, or in a complement clause such as I saw him leave, where the main verb is to see which is in a preterite form, and leave is in the infinitive.
English also makes frequent use of constructions traditionally called phrasal verbs, verb phrases that are made up of a verb root and a preposition or particle which follows the verb. The phrase then functions as a single predicate. In terms of intonation the preposition is fused to the verb, but in writing it is written as a separate word. Examples of phrasal verbs are to get up, to ask out, to back up, to give up, to get together, to hang out, to put up with, etc. The phrasal verb frequently has a highly idiomatic meaning that is more specialised and restricted than what can be simply extrapolated from the combination of verb and preposition complement (e.g. lay off meaning terminate someone's employment).[188] In spite of the idiomatic meaning, some grammarians, including Huddleston & Pullum (2002:274), do not consider this type of construction to form a syntactic constituent and hence refrain from using the term "phrasal verb". Instead, they consider the construction simply to be a verb with a prepositional phrase as its syntactic complement, i.e. he woke up in the morning and he ran up in the mountains are syntactically equivalent.
The function of adverbs is to modify the action or event described by the verb by providing additional information about the manner in which it occurs. Many adverbs are derived from adjectives with the suffix -ly, but not all, and many speakers tend to omit the suffix in the most commonly used adverbs. For example, in the phrase the woman walked quickly the adverb quickly derived from the adjective quick describes the woman's way of walking. Some commonly used adjectives have irregular adverbial forms, such as good which has the adverbial form well.
In the English sentence The cat sat on the mat, the subject is the cat (a NP), the verb is sat, and on the mat is a prepositional phrase (composed of an NP the mat, and headed by the preposition on). The tree describes the structure of the sentence.
Modern English syntax language is moderately analytic.[189] It has developed features such as modal verbs and word order as resources for conveying meaning. Auxiliary verbsmark constructions such as questions, negative polarity, the passive voice and progressive aspect.
Basic constituent order
English word order has moved from the Germanic verb-second (V2) word order to being almost exclusively subject–verb–object (SVO).[190] The combination of SVO order and use of auxiliary verbs often creates clusters of two or more verbs at the centre of the sentence, such as he had hoped to try to open it.
In most sentences, English only marks grammatical relations through word order.[191] The subject constituent precedes the verb and the object constituent follows it. The example below demonstrates how the grammatical roles of each constituent is marked only by the position relative to the verb:
The dog bites the man
S V O
The man bites the dog
An exception is found in sentences where one of the constituents is a pronoun, in which case it is doubly marked, both by word order and by case inflection, where the subject pronoun precedes the verb and takes the subjective case form, and the object pronoun follows the verb and takes the objective case form. The example below demonstrates this double marking in a sentence where both object and subject is represented with a third person singular masculine pronoun:
He hit him
Indirect objects (IO) of ditransitive verbs can be placed either as the first object in a double object construction (S V IO O), such as I gave Jane the book or in a prepositional phrase, such as I gave the book to Jane [192]
Clause syntax
In English a sentence may be composed of one or more clauses, that may, in turn, be composed of one or more phrases (e.g. Noun Phrases, Verb Phrases, and Prepositional Phrases). A clause is built around a verb and includes its constituents, such as any NPs and PPs. Within a sentence, one clause is always the main clause (or matrix clause) whereas other clauses are subordinate to it. Subordinate clauses may function as arguments of the verb in the main clause. For example, in the phrase I think (that) you are lying, the main clause is headed by the verb think, the subject is I, but the object of the phrase is the subordinate clause (that) you are lying. The subordinating conjunction that shows that the clause that follows is a subordinate clause, but it is often omitted.[193] Relative clauses are clauses that function as a modifier or specifier to some constituent in the main clause: For example, in the sentence I saw the letter that you received today, the relative clause that you received today specifies the meaning of the word letter, the object of the main clause. Relative clauses can be introduced by the pronouns who, whose, whom and which as well as by that (which can also be omitted.)[194] In contrast to many other Germanic languages there is no major differences between word order in main and subordinate clauses.[195]
Auxiliary verb constructions
English syntax relies on auxiliary verbs for many functions including the expression of tense, aspect, and mood. Auxiliary verbs form main clauses, and the main verbs function as heads of a subordinate clause of the auxiliary verb. For example, in the sentence the dog did not find its bone, the clause find its bone is the complement of the negated verb did not. Subject–auxiliary inversion is used in many constructions, including focus, negation, and interrogative constructions.
The verb do can be used as an auxiliary even in simple declarative sentences, where it usually serves to add emphasis, as in "I did shut the fridge." However, in the negated and inverted clauses referred to above, it is used because the rules of English syntax permit these constructions only when an auxiliary is present. Modern English does not allow the addition of the negating adverb not to an ordinary finite lexical verb, as in *I know not—it can only be added to an auxiliary (or copular) verb, hence if there is no other auxiliary present when negation is required, the auxiliary do is used, to produce a form like I do not (don't) know. The same applies in clauses requiring inversion, including most questions—inversion must involve the subject and an auxiliary verb, so it is not possible to say *Know you him?; grammatical rules require Do you know him?[196]
Negation is done with the adverb not, which precedes the main verb and follows an auxiliary verb. A contracted form of not -n't can be used as an enclitic attaching to auxiliary verbs and to the copula verb to be. Just as with questions, many negative constructions require the negation to occur with do-support, thus in Modern English I don't know him is the correct answer to the question Do you know him?, but not *I know him not, although this construction may be found in older English.[197]
Passive constructions also use auxiliary verbs. A passive construction rephrases an active construction in such a way that the object of the active phrase becomes the subject of the passive phrase, and the subject of the active phrase is either omitted or demoted to a role as an oblique argument introduced in a prepositional phrase. They are formed by using the past participle either with the auxiliary verb to be or to get, although not all varieties of English allow the use of passives with get. For example, putting the sentence she sees him into the passive becomes he is seen (by her), or he gets seen (by her).[198]
Both yes–no questions and wh-questions in English are mostly formed using subject–auxiliary inversion (Am I going tomorrow?, Where can we eat?), which may require do-support (Do you like her?, Where did he go?). In most cases, interrogative words (wh-words; e.g. what, who, where, when, why, how) appear in a fronted position. For example, in the question What did you see?, the word what appears as the first constituent despite being the grammatical object of the sentence. (When the wh-word is the subject or forms part of the subject, no inversion occurs: Who saw the cat?.) Prepositional phrases can also be fronted when they are the question's theme, e.g. To whose house did you go last night?. The personal interrogative pronoun who is the only interrogative pronoun to still show inflection for case, with the variant whom serving as the objective case form, although this form may be going out of use in many contexts.[199]
Discourse level syntax
While English is a subject-prominent language, at the discourse level it tends to use a topic-comment structure, where the known information (topic) precedes the new information (comment). Because of the strict SVO syntax, the topic of a sentence generally has to be the grammatical subject of the sentence. In cases where the topic is not the grammatical subject of the sentence, frequently the topic is promoted to subject position through syntactic means. One way of doing this is through a passive construction, the girl was stung by the bee. Another way is through a cleft sentence where the main clause is demoted to be a complement clause of a copula sentence with a dummy subject such as it or there, e.g. it was the girl that the bee stung, there was a girl who was stung by a bee.[200] Dummy subjects are also used in constructions where there is no grammatical subject such as with impersonal verbs (e.g., it is raining) or in existential clauses (there are many cars on the street). Through the use of these complex sentence constructions with informationally vacuous subjects, English is able to maintain both a topic-comment sentence structure and a SVO syntax.
Focus constructions emphasise a particular piece of new or salient information within a sentence, generally through allocating the main sentence level stress on the focal constituent. For example, the girl was stung by a bee (emphasising it was a bee and not, for example, a wasp that stung her), or The girl was stung by a bee (contrasting with another possibility, for example that it was the boy).[201] Topic and focus can also be established through syntactic dislocation, either preposing or postposing the item to be focused on relative to the main clause. For example, That girl over there, she was stung by a bee, emphasises the girl by preposition, but a similar effect could be achieved by postposition, she was stung by a bee, that girl over there, where reference to the girl is established as an "afterthought".[202]
Cohesion between sentences is achieved through the use of deictic pronouns as anaphora (e.g. that is exactly what I mean where that refers to some fact known to both interlocutors, or then used to locate the time of a narrated event relative to the time of a previously narrated event).[203] Discourse markers such as oh, so or well, also signal the progression of ideas between sentences and help to create cohesion. Discourse markers are often the first constituents in sentences. Discourse markers are also used for stance taking in which speakers position themselves in a specific attitude towards what is being said, for example, no way is that true! (the idiomatic marker no way! expressing disbelief), or boy! I'm hungry (the marker boy expressing emphasis). While discourse markers are particularly characteristic of informal and spoken registers of English, they are also used in written and formal registers.[204]
English is a rich language in terms of vocabulary, containing more synonyms than any other language.[130] There are words which appear on the surface to mean exactly the same thing but which, in fact, have slightly different shades of meaning and must be chosen appropriately if a speaker wants to convey precisely the message intended. It is generally stated that English has around 170,000 words, or 220,000 if obsolete words are counted; this estimate is based on the last full edition of the Oxford English Dictionary from 1989.[205] Over half of these words are nouns, a quarter adjectives, and a seventh verbs. There is one count that puts the English vocabulary at about 1 million words—but that count presumably includes words such as Latin species names, scientific terminology, botanical terms, prefixed and suffixed words, jargon, foreign words of extremely limited English use, and technical acronyms.[13]
Due to its status as an international language, English adopts foreign words quickly, and borrows vocabulary from many other sources. Early studies of English vocabulary by lexicographers, the scholars who formally study vocabulary, compile dictionaries, or both, were impeded by a lack of comprehensive data on actual vocabulary in use from good-quality linguistic corpora,[206] collections of actual written texts and spoken passages. Many statements published before the end of the 20th century about the growth of English vocabulary over time, the dates of first use of various words in English, and the sources of English vocabulary will have to be corrected as new computerised analysis of linguistic corpus data becomes available.[13][207]
Word formation processes
English forms new words from existing words or roots in its vocabulary through a variety of processes. One of the most productive processes in English is conversion,[208] using a word with a different grammatical role, for example using a noun as a verb or a verb as a noun. Another productive word-formation process is nominal compounding,[13][207] producing compound words such as babysitter or ice cream or homesick.[208] A process more common in Old English than in Modern English, but still productive in Modern English, is the use of derivational suffixes (-hood, -ness, -ing, -ility) to derive new words from existing words (especially those of Germanic origin) or stems (especially for words of Latin or Greek origin).
Formation of new words, called neologisms, based on Greek and/or Latin roots (for example television or optometry) is a highly productive process in English and in most modern European languages, so much so that it is often difficult to determine in which language a neologism originated. For this reason, lexicographer Philip Gove attributed many such words to the "international scientific vocabulary" (ISV) when compiling Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961). Another active word-formation process in English is acronyms,[209] words formed by pronouncing as a single word abbreviations of longer phrases (e.g. NATO, laser).
Source languages of English vocabulary[6][210]
English, besides forming new words from existing words and their roots, also borrows words from other languages. This adoption of words from other languages is commonplace in many world languages, but English has been especially open to borrowing of foreign words throughout the last 1,000 years.[211] The most commonly used words in English are West Germanic.[212] The words in English learned first by children as they learn to speak, particularly the grammatical words that dominate the word count of both spoken and written texts, are mainly the Germanic words inherited from the earliest periods of the development of Old English.[13]
But one of the consequences of long language contact between French and English in all stages of their development is that the vocabulary of English has a very high percentage of "Latinate" words (derived from French, especially, and also from Latin and other Romance languages). French words from various periods of the development of French now make up one-third of the vocabulary of English.[213] Words of Old Norse origin have entered the English language primarily from the contact between Old Norse and Old English during colonisation of eastern and northern England. Many of these words are part of English core vocabulary, such as egg and knife.[214]
English has also borrowed many words directly from Latin, the ancestor of the Romance languages, during all stages of its development.[207][13] Many of these words had earlier been borrowed into Latin from Greek. Latin or Greek are still highly productive sources of stems used to form vocabulary of subjects learned in higher education such as the sciences, philosophy, and mathematics.[215] English continues to gain new loanwords and calques ("loan translations") from languages all over the world, and words from languages other than the ancestral Anglo-Saxon language make up about 60% of the vocabulary of English.[216]
English has formal and informal speech registers; informal registers, including child-directed speech, tend to be made up predominantly of words of Anglo-Saxon origin, while the percentage of vocabulary that is of Latinate origin is higher in legal, scientific, and academic texts.[217][218]
English loanwords and calques in other languages
English has a strong influence on the vocabulary of other languages.[213][219] The influence of English comes from such factors as opinion leaders in other countries knowing the English language, the role of English as a world lingua franca, and the large number of books and films that are translated from English into other languages.[220] That pervasive use of English leads to a conclusion in many places that English is an especially suitable language for expressing new ideas or describing new technologies. Among varieties of English, it is especially American English that influences other languages.[221] Some languages, such as Chinese, write words borrowed from English mostly as calques, while others, such as Japanese, readily take in English loanwords written in sound-indicating script.[222] Dubbed films and television programmes are an especially fruitful source of English influence on languages in Europe.[222]
Since the ninth century, English has been written in a Latin alphabet (also called Roman alphabet). Earlier Old English texts in Anglo-Saxon runes are only short inscriptions. The great majority of literary works in Old English that survive to today are written in the Roman alphabet.[32] The modern English alphabet contains 26 letters of the Latin script: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z (which also have capitalforms: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z).
The spelling system, or orthography, of English is multi-layered, with elements of French, Latin, and Greek spelling on top of the native Germanic system.[223] Further complications have arisen through sound changeswith which the orthography has not kept pace.[44] Compared to European languages for which official organisations have promoted spelling reforms, English has spelling that is a less consistent indicator of pronunciation, and standard spellings of words that are more difficult to guess from knowing how a word is pronounced.[224] There are also systematic spelling differences between British and American English. These situations have prompted proposals for spelling reform in English.[225]
Although letters and speech sounds do not have a one-to-one correspondence in standard English spelling, spelling rules that take into account syllable structure, phonetic changes in derived words, and word accent are reliable for most English words.[226] Moreover, standard English spelling shows etymological relationships between related words that would be obscured by a closer correspondence between pronunciation and spelling, for example the words photograph, photography, and photographic,[226] or the words electricity and electrical. While few scholars agree with Chomsky and Halle (1968) that conventional English orthography is "near-optimal",[223] there is a rationale for current English spelling patterns.[227] The standard orthography of English is the most widely used writing system in the world.[228] Standard English spelling is based on a graphomorphemic segmentation of words into written clues of what meaningful units make up each word.[229]
Readers of English can generally rely on the correspondence between spelling and pronunciation to be fairly regular for letters or digraphs used to spell consonant sounds. The letters b, d, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, y, z represent, respectively, the phonemes /b, d, f, h, dʒ, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, j, z/. The letters c and g normally represent /k/ and /ɡ/, but there is also a soft c pronounced /s/, and a soft g pronounced /dʒ/. The differences in the pronunciations of the letters c and g are often signalled by the following letters in standard English spelling. Digraphs used to represent phonemes and phoneme sequences include ch for /tʃ/, sh for /ʃ/, thfor /θ/ or /ð/, ng for /ŋ/, qu for /kw/, and ph for /f/ in Greek-derived words. The single letter x is generally pronounced as /z/ in word-initial position and as /ks/ otherwise. There are exceptions to these generalisations, often the result of loanwords being spelled according to the spelling patterns of their languages of origin[226] or proposals by pedantic scholars in the early period of Modern English to mistakenly follow the spelling patterns of Latin for English words of Germanic origin.[230]
For the vowel sounds of the English language, however, correspondences between spelling and pronunciation are more irregular. There are many more vowel phonemes in English than there are single vowel letters (a, e, i, o, u, w, y). As a result, some "long vowels" are often indicated by combinations of letters (like the oa in boat, the ow in how, and the ay in stay), or the historically based silent e (as in note and cake).[227]
The consequence of this complex orthographic history is that learning to read can be challenging in English. It can take longer for school pupils to become independently fluent readers of English than of many other languages, including Italian, Spanish, and German.[231] Nonetheless, there is an advantage for learners of English reading in learning the specific sound-symbol regularities that occur in the standard English spellings of commonly used words.[226] Such instruction greatly reduces the risk of children experiencing reading difficulties in English.[232][233] Making primary school teachers more aware of the primacy of morpheme representation in English may help learners learn more efficiently to read and write English.[234]
English writing also includes a system of punctuation marks that is similar to those used in most alphabetic languages around the world. The purpose of punctuation is to mark meaningful grammatical relationships in sentences to aid readers in understanding a text and to indicate features important for reading a text aloud.[235]
Dialects, accents, and varieties
Dialectologists identify many English dialects, which usually refer to regional varieties that differ from each other in terms of patterns of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. The pronunciation of particular areas distinguishes dialects as separate regional accents. The major native dialects of English are often divided by linguists into the two extremely general categories of British English (BrE) and North American English(NAE).[236] There also exists a third common major grouping of English varieties: Southern Hemisphere English, the most prominent being Australian and New Zealand English.
Map showing the main dialect regions in the UK and Ireland
As the place where English first evolved, the British Isles, and particularly England, are home to the most diverse dialects. Within the United Kingdom, the Received Pronunciation(RP), an educated dialect of South East England, is traditionally used as the broadcast standard and is considered the most prestigious of the British dialects. The spread of RP (also known as BBC English) through the media has caused many traditional dialects of rural England to recede, as youths adopt the traits of the prestige variety instead of traits from local dialects. At the time of the Survey of English Dialects, grammar and vocabulary differed across the country, but a process of lexical attrition has led most of this variation to disappear.[237]
Nonetheless this attrition has mostly affected dialectal variation in grammar and vocabulary, and in fact, only 3 percent of the English population actually speak RP, the remainder speaking regional accents and dialects with varying degrees of RP influence.[238] There is also variability within RP, particularly along class lines between Upper and Middle-class RP speakers and between native RP speakers and speakers who adopt RP later in life.[239] Within Britain, there is also considerable variation along lines of social class, and some traits though exceedingly common are considered "non-standard" and are associated with lower class speakers and identities. An example of this is H-dropping, which was historically a feature of lower-class London English, particularly Cockney, and can now be heard in the local accents of most parts of England—yet it remains largely absent in broadcasting and among the upper crust of British society.[240]
English in England can be divided into four major dialect regions, Southwest English, South East English, Midlands English, and Northern English. Within each of these regions several local subdialects exist: Within the Northern region, there is a division between the Yorkshire dialects, and the Geordie dialect spoken in Northumbria around Newcastle, and the Lancashire dialects with local urban dialects in Liverpool (Scouse) and Manchester (Mancunian). Having been the centre of Danish occupation during the Viking Invasions, Northern English dialects, particularly the Yorkshire dialect, retain Norse features not found in other English varieties.[241]
Since the 15th century, southeastern England varieties centred around London, which has been the centre from which dialectal innovations have spread to other dialects. In London, the Cockney dialect was traditionally used by the lower classes, and it was long a socially stigmatised variety. The spread of Cockney features across the south-east led the media to talk of Estuary English as a new dialect, but the notion was criticised by many linguists on the grounds that London had influencing neighbouring regions throughout history.[242][243][244] Traits that have spread from London in recent decades include the use of intrusive R (drawing is pronounced drawring /ˈdrɔːrɪŋ/), t-glottalisation (Potter is pronounced with a glottal stop as Po'er /poʔʌ/), and the pronunciation of th- as /f/ (thanks pronounced fanks) or /v/ (bother pronounced bover). [245]
Scots is today considered a separate language from English, but it has its origins in early Northern Middle English[246] and developed and changed during its history with influence from other sources, particularly Scots Gaelic and Old Norse. Scots itself has a number of regional dialects. And in addition to Scots, Scottish English are the varieties of Standard English spoken in Scotland, most varieties are Northern English accents, with some influence from Scots.[247]
In Ireland, various forms of English have been spoken since the Norman invasions of the 11th century. In County Wexford, in the area surrounding Dublin, two extinct dialects known as Forth and Bargy and Fingallian developed as offshoots from Early Middle English, and were spoken until the 19th century. Modern Irish English, however, has its roots in English colonisation in the 17th century. Today Irish English is divided into Ulster English, the Northern Ireland dialect with strong influence from Scots, as well as various dialects of the Republic of Ireland. Like Scottish and most North American accents, almost all Irish accents preserve the rhoticity which has been lost in the dialects influenced by RP.[19][248]
Rhoticity dominates in North American English. The Atlas of North American English found over 50% non-rhoticity, though, in at least one local white speaker in each U.S. metropolitan area designated here by a red dot. Non-rhotic African American Vernacular English pronunciations may be found among African Americans regardless of location.
North American English is fairly homogeneous compared to British English. Today, American accent variation is often increasing at the regional level and decreasing at the very local level,[249] though most Americans still speak within a phonological continuum of similar accents,[250] known collectively as General American (GA), with differences hardly noticed even among Americans themselves (such as Midland and Western American English).[251][252][253] In most American and Canadian English dialects, rhoticity (or r-fulness) is dominant, with non-rhoticity (r-dropping) becoming associated with lower prestige and social class especially after World War II; this contrasts with the situation in England, where non-rhoticity has become the standard.[254]
Separate from GA are American dialects with clearly distinct sound systems, historically including Southern American English, English of the coastal Northeast (famously including Eastern New England English and New York City English), and African American Vernacular English, all of which are historically non-rhotic. Canadian English, except for the Atlantic provinces and perhaps Quebec, may be classified under GA as well, but it often shows the raising of the vowels /aɪ/ and /aʊ/before voiceless consonants, as well as distinct norms for written and pronunciation standards.[255]
In Southern American English, the most populous American "accent group" outside of GA,[256] rhoticity now strongly prevails, replacing the region's historical non-rhotic prestige.[257][258][259] Southern accents are colloquially described as a "drawl" or "twang,"[260] being recognised most readily by the Southern Vowel Shift initiated by glide-deleting in the /aɪ/ vowel (e.g. pronouncing spy almost like spa), the "Southern breaking" of several front pure vowels into a gliding vowel or even two syllables (e.g. pronouncing the word "press" almost like "pray-us"),[261] the pin–pen merger, and other distinctive phonological, grammatical, and lexical features, many of which are actually recent developments of the 19th century or later.[262]
Today spoken primarily by working- and middle-class African Americans, African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) is also largely non-rhotic and likely originated among enslaved Africans and African Americans influenced primarily by the non-rhotic, non-standard older Southern dialects. A minority of linguists,[263] contrarily, propose that AAVE mostly traces back to African languages spoken by the slaves who had to develop a pidgin or Creole English to communicate with slaves of other ethnic and linguistic origins.[264] AAVE's important commonalities with Southern accents suggests it developed into a highly coherent and homogeneous variety in the 19th or early 20th century. AAVE is commonly stigmatised in North America as a form of "broken" or "uneducated" English, as are white Southern accents, but linguists today recognise both as fully developed varieties of English with their own norms shared by a large speech community.[265][266]
Since 1788, English has been spoken in Oceania, and Australian English has developed as a first language of the vast majority of the inhabitants of the Australian continent, its standard accent being General Australian. The English of neighbouring New Zealand has to a lesser degree become an influential standard variety of the language.[267] Australian and New Zealand English are each other's closest relatives with few differentiating characteristics, followed by South African English and the English of southeastern England, all of which have similarly non-rhotic accents, aside from some accents in the South Island of New Zealand. Australian and New Zealand English stand out for their innovative vowels: many short vowels are fronted or raised, whereas many long vowels have diphthongised. Australian English also has a contrast between long and short vowels, not found in most other varieties. Australian English grammar aligns closely to British and American English; like American English, collective plural subjects take on a singular verb (as in the government is rather than are).[268][269] New Zealand English uses front vowels that are often even higher than in Australian English.[270][271][272]
Africa, the Caribbean, and South Asia
English is spoken widely in South Africa and is an official or co-official language in several countries. In South Africa, English has been spoken since 1820, co-existing with Afrikaans and various African languages such as the Khoe and Bantu languages. Today about 9 percent of the South African population speak South African English (SAE) as a first language. SAE is a non-rhotic variety, which tends to follow RP as a norm. It is alone among non-rhotic varieties in lacking intrusive r. There are different L2 varieties that differ based on the native language of the speakers.[273] Most phonological differences from RP are in the vowels.[274] Consonant differences include the tendency to pronounce /p, t, t͡ʃ, k/ without aspiration (e.g. pin pronounced [pɪn] rather than as [pʰɪn] as in most other varieties), while r is often pronounced as a flap [ɾ] instead of as the more common fricative.[275]
Nigerian English is a dialect of English spoken in Nigeria.[276] It is based on British English, but in recent years, because of influence from the United States, some words of American English origin have made it into Nigerian English. Additionally, some new words and collocations have emerged from the language, which come from the need to express concepts specific to the culture of the nation (e.g. senior wife). Over 150 million population of Nigerians speak English.[277]
Several varieties of English are also spoken in the Caribbean Islands that were colonial possessions of Britain, including Jamaica, and the Leeward and Windward Islands and Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, the Cayman Islands, and Belize. Each of these areas are home both to a local variety of English and a local English based creole, combining English and African languages. The most prominent varieties are Jamaican English and Jamaican Creole. In Central America, English based creoles are spoken in on the Caribbean coasts of Nicaragua and Panama.[278] Locals are often fluent both in the local English variety and the local creole languages and code-switching between them is frequent, indeed another way to conceptualise the relationship between Creole and Standard varieties is to see a spectrum of social registers with the Creole forms serving as "basilect" and the more RP-like forms serving as the "acrolect", the most formal register.[279]
Most Caribbean varieties are based on British English and consequently, most are non-rhotic, except for formal styles of Jamaican English which are often rhotic. Jamaican English differs from RP in its vowel inventory, which has a distinction between long and short vowels rather than tense and lax vowels as in Standard English. The diphthongs /ei/ and /ou/ are monophthongs [eː] and [oː] or even the reverse diphthongs [ie] and [uo](e.g. bay and boat pronounced [bʲeː] and [bʷoːt]). Often word-final consonant clusters are simplified so that "child" is pronounced [t͡ʃail] and "wind" [win].[280][281][282]
As a historical legacy, Indian English tends to take RP as its ideal, and how well this ideal is realised in an individual's speech reflects class distinctions among Indian English speakers. Indian English accents are marked by the pronunciation of phonemes such as /t/ and /d/ (often pronounced with retroflex articulation as [ʈ] and [ɖ]) and the replacement of /θ/ and /ð/ with dentals [t̪] and [d̪]. Sometimes Indian English speakers may also use spelling based pronunciations where the silent ⟨h⟩ found in words such as ghost is pronounced as an Indian voiced aspirated stop [ɡʱ].[283]
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Les Snead: Rams have 'high-class problem' at No. 2
By Dan Hanzus
End Around Writer
Published: May 6, 2014 at 10:17 a.m.
Updated: May 6, 2014 at 06:23 p.m.
The Superstar Club: Out with the old, in with the new!
Brady has Rodgers beat in prank department
Les Snead is feeling good with two days to go before the 2014 NFL Draft.
This makes sense. The St. Louis Rams general manager is the owner of coveted real estate: the No. 2 overall pick.
Build your own mock draft:
Make your best guesses here for all 32 picks of the first round of the NFL Draft and you could win a trip to attend the 2014 NFL Kickoff game. Play now ...
"At two this year, it's a nice place to be," Snead said Tuesday on NFL Network's "NFL AM." "It's a high-class problem."
The Rams are a wild card, and Snead doesn't mind the football world thinking that. Our own Gregg Rosenthal contends that St. Louis has dropped a thick smokescreen regarding Johnny Manziel.
Snead was predictably tight-lipped Tuesday, though he did allow that Houston's decision-making with the first pick will have a direct correlation with the direction St. Louis moves.
"Here's what I can tell you: If they take (Jadeveon) Clowney, we do have probably a couple players we can take and we will also weigh a little bit some trade possibilities," Snead said. "And I think it's hey, you put them on a scale, this player, is a trade possibility. No? He weighs more so let's take him."
"There's a lot of good players there, and you could make a couple of choices or three and be right."
This is a big draft for Snead, who might not survive if the Rams don't take significant strides in 2014.
The latest "Around The League Podcast" breaks down draft news and rumors and plays the popular prediction game, "Go Get My Lunch!"
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Political Science Economics International Affairs Business & Communications Psychology All Topics
Education Economics Econometrics Education Policy Microeconomics Graduate Studies
The Value of a Graduate Degree: Changing Returns to Postgraduate Qualifications in the UK
By Sven Hoeling, Lewis JF. Gudgeon, and Felix Hagemeister
2014, Vol. 6 No. 09 | pg. 1/2 | »
Data and Summary Statistics
Keywords:Education Economics Econometrics Education Policy Microeconomics Graduate Studies
Higher education in the UK has experienced radical change over the last two decades. As a result of the increased supply of university graduates, bachelor’s degrees no longer function as a good signal to employers and more individuals are therefore pursuing postgraduate study to make themselves more competitive in the job market (Katz and Murphy, 1992; Lindley and Machin 2011, p. 1). Today, about 11% of working people aged 26-40 hold a postgraduate qualification compared to just 4% in 1996 (Lindley and Machin 2013a, p. 3). In part this increase may be attributable to the economic uncertainty created by the financial crisis in 2008 (Lipsett, 2009), but the greater demand for postgraduates may also be due to rapid technological change that has necessitated more highly educated individuals (Lindley and Machin 2013b). Meanwhile, as the relative wages of postgraduates has risen compared to holders of a first degree, increasing within-graduate inequality has become apparent (ibid, p. 26).
Differing returns to education matter not only because of our assumptions about the value of a degree, but also because they are connected to social mobility (Lindley and Machin 2012, 2013a, p.5, Machin and Van Reenen 2007, p.10). While a substantial body of literature considers the increasing returns to postgraduate qualifications (e.g. Lindley and Machin, 2011, 2013a, 2013b; Walker and Zhu 2005), this paper decomposes the returns to postgraduate qualification by the type degree or qualification and by examining how these returns have changed since 1997. Using recent data we find, in contrast to some research (Walker and Zhu, 2005), that irrespective of gender the real returns to a bachelor’s degree have fallen, along with returns to a master’s degree and a postgraduate certificate in education (PGCE). On the other hand, returns to a doctorate rose over time.
We find that the returns to both Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees have fallen over the years, while doctorates continued to drive increasing returns to wage earners.
We use pooled cross-sectional data from the Quarterly Labour Force Survey in years 1997, 2005 and 2013. We take wave one individuals from Q2 (April – June) and condition our analysis on (i) employed individuals (employees or self-employed) who are (ii) aged over 25 (so likely not still in education), (iii) without a health problem that limits the amount of work they can do and (iv) who record an hourly wage in the middle 98% of the distribution. We construct the real wage using CPI data, using base 2005=1. Our resulting sample consists of a total of 18,506 individuals: 7,405 from 1997, 6,216 from 2005 and 4,885 from 2013. The proportion of individuals who undertook postgraduate study grew over the three periods: 4.38% in 1997, 7.16% in 2005 and 10.05% in 2013. These figures correspond remarkably closely to Lindley and Machin’s estimates above (2013a p. 3).
The mean real hourly wage is £9.97 with a standard deviation of 5.73. The minimum is £1.67, falling below the official minimum wage due to individuals working more than their officially contracted hours. The maximum is £37.17. Figure 1 graphs the distribution of real hourly wage 1 (rwage). There are 8,938 male and 9,568 females in our sample with mean real hourly wages of £11.24 (s.d. 0.64) and £8.79 (s.d. 0.05) respectively. Differential earnings by gender are a feature of the literature (Lindley and Machin, 2011) and widely acknowledged, so the difference in means across genders is tested and significant at the 1% level. Figure 2 shows the distribution of wages by gender: the male distribution is more platykurtic with more individuals at higher values of the wage distribution; the female distribution is more leptokurtic, peaking below £10 per hour. Figure 3 shows how these gender differences persist through each year and almost every qualification level.
Figures 1 & 2
We graph the mean hourly earnings by occupation in Figure 4, with managers and professionals earning the highest wages (means of £13.99 (s.d. 6.97) and £14.94 (s.d. 6.04) respectively). Figure 5 shows that increased tenure with employer is associated with higher wages. Finally, Appendices 6-8 demonstrate that although most of the sample is white, the composition of ethnicities has become more diverse over the three periods, with the white proportion of the sample falling from 95.76% in 1997 to 93.60% in 2005 and 89.85% in 2013. Figure 9 shows that aside from the ‘other’ category, Asian or Asian British individuals have the highest mean hourly wage at £10.20 (s.d. 6.48), compared with the mean wage for white individuals of £9.97 (s.d. 5.71).
We use OLS to model wage determinants, with particular emphasis on how returns to postgraduate qualifications have changed between 1997 and 2013. Using the standard form of the human capital earnings function (Mincer 1974) and Walker and Zhu’s estimation (2005) as a platform, our final base model is:
See variable key
We conditioned our analysis on individuals with positive tenure with their employers and with an age between 0 and 96 years when completed education, restricting our sample to 18,384 observations. The above functional form was selected after trialling different specifications with quadratic, cubic, quartic and log-forms of age and edage and plotting the residuals of each specification. We have a good degree of confidence in the robustness of our results: (i) the plotted residuals of the model appear normally distributed (as we should expect with a large sample by the Central Limit Theorem); (ii) the model has a high R 2 value of .520; (iii) the model passes a RESET test with a p-value of 33.36% and (iv) we found a similar pattern on year postgraduate coefficients for each specification we tried. Exclusion of edage and edagesq is reasonable as we already capture the effects of education with our qualification variables and improves the performance of our model in a RESET test. We use robust standard errors as we find evidence of heteroscedasticity when plotting the residuals versus the predicted values and this is further verified by a Breusch-Pagan test; we reject the null of constant variance with a Chi-squared value of 306.38. Part of the explanation for heteroscedasticity is that many individuals report their wages to the nearest £5,000. Our results are reported in Appedix 10, with our preferred specification in column five.
Since our summary statistics suggest a structural break across gender, we perform a Chow test for structural change, yielding an F-statistic of 4.36: so we reject a null hypothesis of no structural change at the 1% level (critical value 1.32) and opt for a more flexible model, allowing for structural change across all of our explanatory variables. Although a RESET test now indicates possible misspecification, we remain confident in the robustness of our results because the inflexible model appeared correctly specified, the residuals for this flexible version (Appendix 12) appear normally distributed and the model has an R 2 value of 0.525. While misspecification is in general a concern in applied econometrics, as Clarke (2005) states we are possibly never going to work with a perfectly specified model anyway: our models are simply first-best approximations. The final results relevant for our purposes are reported in Appendix 11.
There is, however, some cause to be concerned about endogeneity bias: in particular, that the coefficients on higher education levels are positively biased as a result of underlying unobserved ability. A highly driven and intelligent individual may undertake a doctorate as a result of these unobserved characteristics, but also earn more for those reasons in addition to the additional wages that a doctorate may facilitate. Blackburn and Neumark (1995, p. 228) suggest that ability bias may be as high as 40%. Moreover, our estimates might suffer from discount-rate bias: individuals with a higher discount rate may choose less education (Harmon and Walker 1995, p. 1278). Therefore ideally one wants a variable to proxy ability (Griliches and William M. Mason, 1972). Unfortunately the LFS does not record ability as a proxy for these unobservables (Blackburn and Neumark 1995, p. 221; Harmon and Walker 1995, p. 1278), so we must be aware of these as possible sources of bias such that the true coefficients may be lower.Continued on Next Page »
Blackburn, M.L., & Neumark, D. (1995). ‘Are OLS Estimates of the Return to Schooling Biased Downward? Another Look’. The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 217-230.
Clarke, K. (2005). ‘The Phantom Menace: Omitted Variable Bias in Econometric Research’, Conflict Management and Peace Science, Vol.22, No.4, pp. 341-352.
Griliches, Z., & Mason, W. (1972). ‘Education, Income and Ability’, Journal of Political Economy, Vol.80, No.2, pp. S74-S103.
Harmon, C., & Walker, I. (1995). 'Estimates of the Economic Return to Schooling for the United Kingdom', American Economic Review, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 1278-1286.
Katz, L., & Murphy, K. (1992). ‘Changes in Relative Wages, 1963-1987: Supply and Demand Factors’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.107, No.1, pp. 35-78.
Lindley, J., & Machin, S. (2011). ‘Rising Wage Inequality and Postgraduate Education’. Discussion Paper Series, Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft und Arbeit, No.5981 Accessible under: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/55120
Lindley, J. and Machin, S. (2012), ‘The Quest for More and More Education: Implications for Social Mobility’. Fiscal Studies, Vol. 33, No.2, pp. 265–286.
Lindley, J., & Machin, S. (2013a). ‘The Postgraduate Premium: Revisiting trends in social mobility and educational inequalities in Britain and America’. Accessible under http://www.kent.ac.uk/graduateschool/Postgraduate%20premium%20Sutton%20Trust%20rep ort.pdf
Lindley, J., & Machin, S. (2013b). ‘The Rising Postgraduate Wage Premium’. JEL Classifications: J24; J31. Accessible under: http://personal.lse.ac.uk/machin/pdf/jl%20sm%20october%202013.pdf
Lipsett, A. (2009). ‘Huge Increase in Demand for Postgraduate Degree Courses’, The Guardian, 17 February. Accessible under: http://www.theguardian.com/education/2009/feb/17/rise-applications-postgraduate-degrees
Machin, S., & Van Reenen, J. (2007). ‘Changes in wage inequality’. Centre for Economic Performance special papers, CEPSP18. Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. Accessible under: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/4667/
Marr, L. (2012). ‘Social mobility, higher education and lifelong learning’. Widening Participation & Lifelong Learning, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 3-10.
Mincer, J.A. (1974). ‘The Human Capital Earnings Function’. In: ‘Schooling, Experience, and Earnings’, Columbia University Press, p.83-96. Accessible under: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c1767
Walker, I., & Zhu, Y. (2005). ‘The College Wage Premium, Overeducation, and the Expansion of Higher Education in the UK’. IZA Discussion Paper No.1627. Accessible under: http://ftp.iza.org/dp1627.pdf
Figure 10: OLS Results
Hoeling, S., Gudgeon, L. JF., & Hagemeister, F. (2014). "The Value of a Graduate Degree: Changing Returns to Postgraduate Qualifications in the UK." Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse, 6(09). Retrieved from http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=919
Hoeling, Sven , Lewis JF. Gudgeon, and Felix Hagemeister. "The Value of a Graduate Degree: Changing Returns to Postgraduate Qualifications in the UK." Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse 6.09 (2014). <http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=919>
Hoeling, Sven , Lewis JF. Gudgeon, and Felix Hagemeister. 2014. The Value of a Graduate Degree: Changing Returns to Postgraduate Qualifications in the UK. Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse 6 (09), http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=919
HOELING, S., GUDGEON, L. JF., & HAGEMEISTER, F. 2014. The Value of a Graduate Degree: Changing Returns to Postgraduate Qualifications in the UK. Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse [Online], 6. Available: http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=919
Sven Hoeling, Lewis JF. Gudgeon, And Felix Hagemeister wrote this article as students in Economics at the University of Warwick in the United Kingdom.
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In July 2012, Spain's unemployment rate was above 20%, its stock market was at its lowest point in a decade, and the government was borrowing at a rate of 7.6%. With domestic demand depleted and no sign of recovery in sight, President Mariano Rajoy... Read Article »
Spain Eurozone European Union Financial Crisis Recession Economic Reforms
Commercialization and Discontent on the American Farm: The Farmer's Movements of the Late-19th and Early-20th Centuries
By Zachary D. Blizard
During the periods of the Agrarian Revolt and the 1920s, farmers were unhappy with the economic conditions in which they found themselves. Both periods witnessed the ascent of political movements that endeavored to aid farmers in their economic... Read Article »
Economic History Farming Agrarian Reform Social Movements Agricultural Economics
2017, Vol. 7 No. 2
How Have Corruption Scandals and President Roussef's Impeachment in Brazil Impacted its Economy?
By Flvia Bedicks
Published by Clocks and Clouds
In 2009, Brazil was in the path to become a superpower. Immune to the economic crises of 2008, the country's economy benefitted from the commodity boom, achieving a growth rate of 7.5 per cent in 2010, when Rousseff was elected. A few years later... Read Article »
Political Economy Brazil Corruption South America
Karl Marx and the Fair Trade Chocolate Industry in the Ivory Coast
By Caitlin McGonnigal
The research completed aimed to show that the idea of fair trade, using the example of goals for the chocolate industry of the Ivory Coast, can be described as an example of the economic ideal which Karl Marx imagined. By comparing specific topics... Read Article »
Free Trade Fair Trade Karl Marx Marxism Capitalism Ivory Coast Political Theory
Economic Countercyclical Fiscal Policy and Growth in Democracies After the 2008 Recession
By Bradley Harmon
After years of economic downturn and recovery, the debate over stimulus packages and countercyclical policy continues globally. Proponents of such policies claim that the various stimulus packages and policy initiatives around the globe helped bring... Read Article »
Economic Policy Financial Crisis Economic Theory Fiscal Policy Stimulus Packages
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US prepares to arrest thousands of undocumented migrants in 10 major cities
US authorities will begin detaining thousands of undocumented immigrants and their family members in 10 American cities, fulfilling a hardline immigration stance from US President Donald Trump which will be a key issue in his 2020 re-election campaign.
The raids will be carried out by US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents over a number of days starting on Sunday, the New York Times reported Thursday, citing unnamed government sources, Presstv Reported.
The unnamed officials told the newspaper that ICE agents will target at least 2,000 undocumented family members who have been ordered deported but remain in the country illegally.
ICE officials said last month that operations would target recently-arrived undocumented migrants in an attempt to discourage the growing number of Central American families crossing the US-Mexico border.
Trump said on July 5 that the mass deportation roundups would begin “fairly soon.” He postponed the operation last month after the date was leaked, but last week said it would take place after July 4.
Migrant advocates vowed their communities would be “ready” when US immigration officers come.
“They’ll be starting fairly soon, but I don’t call them raids, we’re removing people, all of these people who have come in over the years illegally,” Trump told reporters at the White House on Friday.
Trump has made his hard-line stance on immigration an integral part of his presidency and has promised to build a wall along the US-Mexican border to curb the flow of migrants from Mexico and Central America.
Human rights advocates and Democratic Party lawmakers who have recently visited border cities say migrants were being held in deplorable conditions, with women told to drink out of a toilet.
The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet, said Monday she is “deeply shocked” at the conditions in which the US government is keeping detained migrants and refugees, including children.
Bachelet, who is the former president of Chile, said in a statement on Monday that even detaining children "for short periods under good conditions can have a serious impact on their health and development.
"As a pediatrician, but also as a mother and a former head of state, I am deeply shocked that children are forced to sleep on the floor in overcrowded facilities, without access to adequate health care or food, and with poor sanitation conditions," she said.
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Creative teamwork
History of theatre
Building of theatre
Soloists of operetta
Soloist of musicals
Bayron Alexander
Honored actor of Russia
He was born in the town Pustoshka, Pskovskaia oblast. In 1992 he graduated from Leningrad conservatory named after N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov (class of solo singing by N. Alekseev). In 1989–1992 was working as vocal soloist in Musical theatre attached to conservatory, and then in 1992–1998 he was performing in Syktyvkar on the stage of Theatre of Opera and Ballet.
In 1997 artist received an invitation of Saint-Petersburg Theatre of Musical Comedy, where he made his debut in the part of Edwin in the operetta by I. Kalman “The Gipsy princess”. During his work in the theatre he performed in such parts as: Edvin, Sandor and Mister X ("Silva", “Mister X” and “The Duchess from Chicago” by I. Kalman), Roberto (“Meetings in Vienna” by J. Strauss), Popolani (“Bluebeard” by J. Offenbach), Nazony ("Gasparone" C. Millocker), member of tango show “Dreams about tango”, Billy Flynn (“Chicago” by J. Kander), Fedgin (“Oliver!” by L. Bart), Fred Graham ("Kiss me, Kate!" C. Porter), Svoboda (“Spring Parade” by R. Stolz).
Today his repertoire includes: Dragomir, Pisquatschec, Parker and Ferry ("Countess Maritza", "The Violet of Montmartre", "Bajadere" and "Silva" by I. Kalman), Count Danilo (“The Merry Widow” by F. Lehar), Laslo Illeshazy (“Baroness Lili” by J. Huszka), Caliko ("Madame Pompadour" L. Fall), , Falke ("The Bat" by J. Strauss), Sultan ("Aladdin" by A. Menken), participant of the concert “Hits of Broadway”, Cecil Mc’Scott ("Hollywood diva"), Baron Yanosh ("Summer of love" by L.Lajtai).
From 2002 he works also on the stage of Saint-Petersburg children musical theatre “Zazerkalie”.
In 1995 he was given the honorary title “Honored actor of the Komi Republic”, and in May 2007 he was awarded with the honorary title “Honored actor of Russia”.
In November of 2011 A. Bayron became laureate of the Highest theatre award of Saint-Petersburg “Golden Sofit” in nomination “Best male part in operetta and musical” for performing part of Fedgin in musical “Oliver!” by L. Bart.
In December 2012 he was awarded the "Golden Sofit" in the nomination "Best male part in operetta and musical" for the role of Higgins in the Mariinsky Theater in performance "My Fair Lady" by F. Loewe.
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Featured NIV Bibles
The New International Version (NIV)
More than 60 years after the vision was cast — and more than 600 million copies later — the New International Version (NIV) is the most widely read Bible translation in contemporary English. That's because the NIV delivers the very best combination of accuracy and readability. It's true to God's Word and true to the reader.
There are plenty of things to wrestle with in the Bible. Your translation shouldn't be one of them.
THE NIV IS ACCURATE
The NIV translators are united by their conviction that the Bible is God's inspired Word. That, along with their years of studying biblical languages, helps them to capture subtle nuances and the depth of meaning in the Bible.
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If the first recipients understood God's Word when they heard it, so should you. That's the driving force behind the NIV's commitment to clarity. The Bible should be every bit as clear to you as it was to its original audience.
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Bible reading isn't just a solo exercise; it's meant to be a shared experience. That's why the NIV translators prioritize literary beauty, resulting in a Bible translation that's suitable for public reading and use in churches.
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The NIV is translated by an independent, self-governing team of Bible scholars. No publisher, commercial or otherwise (not even us!), can tell them how to translate God's Word. The translators come from dozens of denominations and churches, and they can only make changes to the text if 70% of the committee agrees — safeguarding against theological bias.
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Journey though the interwoven story of the gospel from Genesis to Revelation. The NIV Storyline Bible features over 380 articles paired with book introductions that illuminate the interconnected nature of God's inspired Word. The content adapted from Biblemesh.com explores major events, key characters, and the theology of the Bible over seven historical eras: Creation / Patriarchs / Moses / Israel / After Exile / Jesus / The Church.
Book introductions provide a "Storyline" perspective on how each book relates to the rest of the Bible
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NIV in Comparison to Other Translations
Gen. 4:1
Adam made love to his wife Eve, and she became pregnant and gave birth to Cain. She said, "With the help of the Lord, I have brought forth a man."
And Adam knew Eve his wife; and she conceived, and bare Cain, and said, I have gotten a man from the Lord.
Now Adam knew Eve his wife, and she conceived and bore Cain, and said, "I have acquired a man from the Lord."
Now Adam knew Eve his wife, and she conceived and bore Cain, saying, "I have gotten a man with the help of the Lord."
And the man knew Eve his wife, and she conceiveth and beareth Cain, and saith, "I have gotten a man by Jehovah."
1 Pet. 1:1-2
1 Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, To God's elect, exiles scattered throughout the provinces of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia, 2 who have been chosen according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through the sanctifying work of the Spirit, to be obedient to Jesus Christ and sprinkled with his blood: Grace and peace be yours in abundance.
1 Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the strangers scattered throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, 2 Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, and peace, be multiplied.
1 Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, To the pilgrims of the Dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, 2 elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in sanctification of the Spirit, for obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace to you and peace be multiplied.
1 Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, To those who are elect exiles of the Dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, 2 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in the sanctification of the Spirit, for obedience to Jesus Christ and for sprinkling with his blood: May grace and peace be multiplied to you.
Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the choice sojourners of the dispersion of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, according to a foreknowledge of God the Father, in sanctification of the Spirit, to obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace to you and peace be multiplied!
For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life.
For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.
For God did so love the world, that His Son — the only begotten — He gave, that everyone who is believing in him may not perish, but may have life age-during.
Rom. 10:9
If you declare with your mouth, "Jesus is Lord," and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.
That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved.
[T]hat if you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God has raised Him from the dead, you will be saved.
[B]ecause, if you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.
That if thou mayest confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and mayest believe in thy heart that God did raise him out of the dead, thou shalt be saved.
2 Pet. 1:20-21
Above all, you must understand that no prophecy of Scripture came about by the prophet's own interpretation of things. For prophecy never had its origin in the human will, but prophets, though human, spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit.
Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation. For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.
Knowing this first, that no prophecy of Scripture is of any private interpretation, for prophecy never came by the will of man, but holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit.
Knowing this first of all, that no prophecy of Scripture comes from someone's own interpretation. For no prophecy was ever produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit.
This first knowing, that no prophecy of the Writing doth come of private exposition, for not by will of man did ever prophecy come, but by the Holy Spirit borne on holy men of God spake.
"I wanted to personally thank you for your work translating the Bible. I've used the NIV for my personal devotion in God's word since it came out years ago. It's also the primary translation I use in preaching. There are so many heroes in the faith that often go unnoticed to the general public. Even though many people may not know your name, your work is impacting their lives on earth and eternity in heaven. I'm one of the many blessed by your work. Thank you for using your gifts to bring God's word to life in today's generation."
Craig Groeschel (Pastor of LifeChurch)
"The NIV communicates the message of the original authors of Scripture better than any translation I'm aware of. This is THE translation for our generation."
Andy Stanley (Founder, North Point Ministries)
"The NIV has been my go-to Bible in the pulpit ever since it came out. I still use the '78 version that my father gave me. It reads aloud easily and can be clearly understood by any audience. It also puts familiar passages in a fresh light. I feel at home in its pages. I celebrate the 50th anniversary of the commissioning of the NIV."
Anne Graham Lotz (Author and Evangelist)
What is the committee on Bible Translation (CBT)?
The CBT was formed in 1965 to create a modern English Bible translation from the oldest and most reliable biblical manuscripts available. Since then, the committee has continued to meet each year to monitor developments in biblical scholarship and English usage and to reflect these developments in periodic updates to the text. The committee represents the very best in evangelical biblical scholarship. The members – a self-perpetuating, independent body of 15 – are drawn from various denominations and some of the finest academic institutions in the world.
What are the CBT translation guiding principles?
The chief goal of every update to the NIV is to ensure that the text reflects the latest and best biblical scholarship and established shifts in English idiom and usage. The 2011 NIV update represents our latest effort as a committee to articulate God's unchanging Word in the way the original authors might have said it if they had been speaking in English to the global English-speaking audience today. This is the reading experience that the NIV seeks to recreate. Our aim is to translate the NIV in such a way as to provide the optimum combination of transparency to the original documents and ease of understanding in every verse.
How does the CBT work? Explain the translation process.
Members of the committee work individually – each in their own particular areas of specialty – as well as in small groups and as a full committee. In addition to considering proposals from within the committee, we also solicit and receive input from Bible scholars, ministers, missionaries and lay-people. Every proposal is evaluated with many leading to revisions to the text, while others are tabled for discussion at future meetings for potential inclusion in later updates. And changes are not made easily. At least 70 percent of the committee members present at the time of the voting are required to agree before the text can be altered. This ensures that no individual, indeed not even a large group of individuals, can hold sway in the committee.
What manuscripts were used when translating the NIV?
The translators of the NIV have used the Old Testament and New Testament texts that are widely accepted among modern scholars as giving us the best possible access to what God inspired in the original documents.
For the Old Testament the standard Hebrew text, the Masoretic Text, as published in the latest edition of Biblia Hebraica, has been used throughout. The NIV translators have sometimes used variants of the Hebrew Masoretic tradition or other ancient versions, where these seemed to provide a superior text than the Masoretic tradition. These are all noted in footnotes.
The translators have used the accepted Greek New Testament text, as printed in the Nestle-Aland and United Bible Societies' Greek New Testaments. Here also the translators have occasionally accepted a variant printed in these editions. Footnotes usually indicate the options in each case.
What are the differences between the NIV 1984 and the updated NIV 2011?
All the changes in the updated text are attributable to at least one of the following factors: changes in English, progress in scholarship and concern for clarity. About 95% of the text of the updated NIV remains exactly the same as the 1984 text it replaces, based on the number of word changes.
Why are there updates made to the NIV?
The original NIV charter requires us to constantly monitor developments in biblical scholarship and changes in English usage and to reflect these changes in periodic updates to the text. Without these periodic updates the NIV would be unable to maintain the priorities that have drawn people to it over the years: providing the optimum blend of transparency to the original text and ease of understanding for a broad audience. In the latest update in 2011, about 95% of the text remains exactly the same as the 1984 NIV that it replaces, based on the number of word changes.
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Standard & Poor's revised rating outlook for O1 Properties to stable
June 21, 2017. The international rating agency Standard & Poor's revised the outlook rating of the investment company O1 Properties to "stable". The Company’s rating was confirmed at the level of B+.
Positive factors mentioned by Standard & Poor's analysts, which justify the outlook improvement, include good conditions for access by O1 Properties to public capital markets. In September 2016 the company successfully placed a USD 350 million Eurobond issue on public markets, and that was followed in February-May 2017 by placement of two bond issues on the Moscow Stock Exchange. The proceeds from placements were mainly used to repay the Group's financial liabilities, which has optimized and reduced the cost of debt service.
Standard & Poor's also noted the high quality of the Company's real estate portfolio, most of which is concentrated in Moscow’s central business district. About 70% of the operating income of O1 Properties comes from large international companies working in a broad range of industries. Average lease duration at Company properties exceeds four years. Development assets account for less than 5% of value of the Company's real estate portfolio.
Standard & Poor's revised rating outlook for O1 Properties to stable 21 June 2017 Download PDF
Vivaldi Plaza fully occupied after lease agreement with LLC Mitsubishi Electric (RUS) 13 June 2017 Download PDF
Atrium at Bolshevik center wins top prize at Best Office Awards 8 June 2017 Download PDF
O1 Group and Goldman Sachs International have entered into a new transaction regarding shares in O1 Properties 6 June 2017 Download PDF
O1 Properties supports Spain’s Kamchatka street Theater 2 June 2017 Download PDF
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The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo by Stieg Larsson
This post originally appeared on I Read Everything
Book: The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo
Author: Stieg Larsson
Type of Book: Fiction, thriller, mystery
Why Did I Read This Book: I read this book because I am a narcissist. You see, while I am not THE girl with the dragon tattoo, I am A girl with a dragon tattoo. The title sucked me in. Then I flipped through the pages and saw that a character had my own name. I have not read a book with an Anita in it since the book Anita and Me by Meera Syal. Those reasons were reason enough for the likes of me.
Availability: Published by Vintage Crime, is is widely available. You can get a copy here:
Comments: It’s been a while since I have been this enthralled by a best-seller. This is a seriously good book on many levels and I think that you should read it. I feel this way for a variety of reasons.
Larsson’s ability to write a multi-layered mystery with so many characters is in itself amazing. Generally, books with more than one sub-plot can become tiresome, with too much competing for the reader’s attention. Larsson’s tale has several sub-plots neatly woven together so tightly and interdependent on one another that the book is near seamless.
I will not attempt to summarize the plots more than this: Disgraced journalist Mikael Blomkvist is hired by wealthy man to try to solve the decades-old mystery of his niece’s disappearance. He meets Lisabeth Salander, the girl with the dragon tattoo, because she had been hired by a security company to investigate Blomkvist. When he reads her dossier on him, her abilities as an investigator and a hacker impress him and he engages her to work with him to find the missing heiress. Together they uncover far more than just a missing girl, but rather many missing and dead girls, whose disappearances all lead to a shocking and dreadful conclusion.
The carefully laid plot is worth the price of admission, so to speak, but really, the reason this book is so captivating is because of the girl with the dragon tattoo, Lisabeth, and her intriguing, sad, maddening life.
I read some reviews of this book after I finished it and was puzzled by some of the words people used to describe Lisabeth Salander. Words like spunky. Fiesty. She is not fiesty. She is not spunky. She is not plucky. Those words describe a character in a Reese Witherspoon movie. There were those who think she is a deliberate outsider, choosing to live as she does because she’s some sort of personal agent provocateur. She is not a charming loser, a female Cool Hand Luke. Then there was a discussion online as to whether or not she had Asperger’s Syndrome, which does not even seem reasonable to me, but several felt that she did have the condition. It beggars belief that people found her personality spanning so many characterizations, from a plucky heroine who lives by her wits to a funky anarchist whose tattoos and hacking are a rage against the machine to a computer savant whose interpersonal relationships are limited because she has a psychological or behavioral condition.
How could so many people leave this book with such different conclusions about Lisabeth, though wrong most of them are in my eyes? Because in Lisabeth, Stieg Larsson managed to create a character wholly unique. So unique in fact that she is hard to pin down and even my attempt may be a shoddy representation of her.
Larsson characterized what it means to be broken spiritually better than any writer I have read in recent memory, with the exception of Caitlín R. Kiernan. As a people, we don’t often come across those who are sane but have been fundamentally broken in some manner. People who are broken simply do not see the world as whole people do, and as a result, a simple look at them may reveal spunk or antisocial behavior or self-destructiveness, when really, the issue is that the person is engaged in an internal and external war with the world around them, a war they cannot win but that they must wage anyway in order to maintain their sanity.
Lisabeth may have been born broken. She may have become more and more broken as more and more injustice was heaped upon her in life. It’s impossible to know for sure. But being born broken is not the same as being born in the autism spectrum. And being able to cope in ways that shows she still has fight in her does not show spunk. It shows that being broken does not mean she can be utterly discounted. It means she is clever, and that she will not hesitate to break any law she needs to attain revenge and freedom from an oppressive system, one that she hopes she can escape but senses she cannot. Lisabeth is broken in the way an innocent man sent to prison for life must feel.
Initially, Lisabeth seems like a typical, cyberpunk loner, like she might be suited for a role in a William Gibson novel. Her refusal to work when she does not want to work makes her seem like she is mentally pampered or merely eccentric, as she could make a very good salary working for the investigative arm of the security company that hires her.
People around her dismiss her until she reveals herself to them, and she chooses to reveal herself to precious few. This canny ability to know when to reveal her extreme intelligence and competency belies any sense that Lisabeth is in any way autistic or otherwise emotionally incapable. She simply does not like people – and given her life, can anyone blame her – and is careful only to show her true self to those who are worthy. She is about to be fired from her job as a gopher at the security company when she reveals herself to her boss, who immediately offers her a job as a real investigator and is baffled when she self-limits her success.
But there are sound reasons for Lisabeth to limit her success.
Lisabeth was deemed incompetent by the Swedish courts while still in her teens and was assigned a guardian to look after her financial and social interests. When her first guardian dies, she is assigned a guardian who is sadistic. Whereas before she had some control over her money, she loses access to her account, and has to go begging her guardian, the dreadful Bjurman, for every penny she wants to spend. Not only does she find this degrading, but early on she picked up on Bjurman’s lack of decency. Any spike in her income would alert the man that she is indeed working a real job with real responsibility, not just the basic secretary she was hired to be, and if he wants, Bjurman could reveal to one and all that she was deemed incompetent, crazy, too unstable to manage life on her own.
Lisabeth knew this. Her failures are deliberate. As a woman so broken by an intrusive social system and a series of bad luck that rivals Job (teachers not realizing she acted out not because of violent impulses but because other students were violent towards her first comes to mind as the beginning of the official perception of Lisabeth as incompetent), even success threatens the limited amount of pride and privacy she has scraped together in spite of her incompetency status.
So when her guardian forces her to commit a sex act to have access to her own money to replace a broken computer, she tries to set him up, recording what she thought would be a sexual encounter. It isn’t. It is a violent rape that almost kills her, and it is clear that Lisabeth will be subjected to more of the same. To say no or to resist will leave her in an institution or penniless – Bjurman has that level of power over her. The police are out of the question as she does not trust them, but also because who would believe her in a dispute against her guardian?
That she manages to wreak dire revenge on Bjurman is not because of spunk or pluck. Her violence is an act born of desperation because she had the one shot and the one shot only to get away from him. If she failed, she would have been at Bjurman’s mercy forever. And if she failed, she would have been sexually victimized even more.
But even as she wreaks her vengeance, Lisabeth’s clever canniness belies any sense that she is autistic. In fact, the final act of revenge she takes is one that means that like Lisabeth, Bjurman would spend the rest of his life afraid of being close to anyone. Like her, he will have to be very, very careful to whom he reveals himself.
Lisabeth has no use for the law and would no sooner have reported her rape to the police than she would commit a rape herself. Being broken and set aside from common society means she is, in many ways, a law unto herself. The only justice she gets is the justice she takes, however illegally she does it. Lisabeth has a set of ethics foreign to many people who tut at hackers or people who steal, but once a human being reaches the level of transgression committed against her that Lisabeth has encountered, there is no choice. The system does not work and to rely on the law and to live within it makes no sense at all.
It is a mistake that some have made reading this book, assuming that Lisabeth is antisocial. She’s not. She just lives in a realm of fear most of us cannot recognize for what it is. She grabbed onto a gang of misfit girls when she had the chance. She has had shallow sexual encounters and one assumes her relationship with Mikael Blomkvist will be the same, but it isn’t. Lisabeth, far from being a psychopath or an antisocial person, is capable of deep love. She just doesn’t know how to express it. I defy anyone to read a book this year with an ending as unsentimentally sad as this book. There are plenty of emotional novels out there to tug at your heartstrings but the end of The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo is heartbreaking. You get a sense that Lisabeth is going to turn everything around. But she can’t. She’s broken. Whereas the rest of us would have taken a very different approach on those last few pages, Lisabeth can’t. She just doesn’t know how to battle back from all the ways her life has been wrenched from her before. Like a prisoner, she is trapped in walls that follow her around and dictate how much she is willing to risk and feel.
Lisabeth is an astonishing heroine, or anti-heroine as I say above. She is nothing like anyone you have read before and she does not follow formulas for smart, clever, messed up women. She is very much worth reading and I encourage you to pick up a copy of this book.
It was very saddening to read the author bio in this book and know that Stieg Larsson died in 2004 and that we will only ever have the three Lisabeth novels. I immediately devoured the second in the series after reading the first, and both anticipate and dread the third, slated for release in May, for I know when I finish it, there will be no more.
Posted on March 11, 2010 August 19, 2015 by anitadaltonin BooksTagged: feminism, fiction, I Read Everything, murder, Mystery, novel, rape, sexual violence, Stieg Larsson, suspense, Sweden, The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo, Thriller, violence
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3 thoughts on “The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo by Stieg Larsson”
I loved this book when I read it, and found the story so much more intense than I expected.
It was not what I initially expected either. I was expecting the traditional potboiler suspense and it really was so much more intense and involved than I could imagined.
I wanted to thank you for this review – after reading it I ordered the book and enjoyed it immensely, also devoured the 2nd and am now waiting for the 3rd to arrive from England as it isn’t out in the states until late May and I can’t wait that long! Many thanks, I enjoy reading your LJ & your own fiction so your taste is an excellent barometer 🙂
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Renowned Franchiser Shares with Titus Board, Students Keys to His Global Success
Aziz Hashim, one of world’s leading experts on franchising, spoke Wednesday on campus describing the industry as the “quintessential American invention” and emphasized how his faith has driven his decisions in business and in life.
Hashim, who has over three decades of experience owning and operating franchises around the globe, addressed Rinker School of Business students, including those in the franchising concentration, and the members of the Titus Center for Franchising Advisory Board.
Born in Pakistan and raised in London before settling in California, Hashim spoke about the parallels between his Muslim faith and the Judeo-Christian values of Palm Beach Atlantic. In describing how the spiritual life and the material life are interconnected, Hashim talked about refraining from making compromises in business, instead focusing on making moral decisions, which is consistent with Abrahamic principles. That value is behind some of the reforms to the franchise industry that Hashim widely promotes, including unit economies, or the idea that franchisees should be profitable even with one store or location.
“People need to make money at the unit level,” Hashim, who has worked with leading global franchise brands, including Popeye’s®, KFC®, Taco Bell® and Domino’s Pizza®, said, “otherwise it is unethical.”
He started NRD Capital, a private equity firm, to evaluate the unit-level profitability of brands in order to invest in their success. He announced the creation of the Z Prize of $1 million to the franchise that most improves its unit economics. This is a prize where there is not just one winner, but everyone is a winner as those franchise compete and thus will benefit their franchisees by improving their unit economics, he said.
Hashim, who served as chairman of the International Franchise Association (2016-2017), talked about the importance of a massive education effort to inform the public about the franchise business model. Surveys show that most Americans do not understand that franchises are small businesses owned by local people, believing instead that they are owned and operated by the corporate brands themselves. Eighty to ninety percent of all franchise units are independently owned, Hashim said.
Hashim’s personal story mirrors that of many small business owners.
At age 14, he started working at his uncle’s Burger King, mopping floors and washing dishes for no pay. As he learned the business, he began earning money, working at the restaurant through his high school years. By the time he was in college studying electrical engineering, he was weekend manager of the restaurant and had gone to Burger King University in Miami for more training. After college, he landed a coveted engineering position with Rockwell but quit after 90 days to pursue the restaurant business.
His co-workers thought he was crazy to give up a good career to “flip burgers” and his confidence suffered but was not shaken.
“You will have detractors,” he told the students. “Don’t let it get to you.”
Finding California a difficult place to start a business, Hashim went to Atlanta where he talked KFC into allowing him to open in the downtown area. He continued to face obstacles but preserved, crediting his family with his success through their financial and emotional support.
That’s why Hashim is so passionate about franchising and his desire to teach people about the power of franchising. Educating the public, future entrepreneurs such as PBA students, individuals who want to own a franchise and government officials serves a tenant of Hashim’s faith to give generously of one’s time and knowledge, not only material things.
While Hashim has been successful -- Nation’s Restaurant News recently included Hashim in the top ten of The Power List 2018, which honors the most influential people in the food service industry – he is called to serve as a principle of his faith. Hashim, who believes that franchising can support social purposes, has developed Jibu, a business model where franchises can provide clean drinking water in developing countries. Organizers also are looking at franchises that supply power to remote areas.
Hashim summed up his talk asking the students to think of themselves as an apple.
“We have a saying in our tradition that you can count the number of seeds in an apple but you cannot count the number of apples in a seed,” he told the students. “You are the seeds. Everything you do in life, every person you touch, everyone you help, everyone you share knowledge with is going to be an apple in their own right. My wish and prayer for you is that you have very long and successful careers in whatever you do.”
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Home › Top Stories › LETTER TO PACIFIC ISLANDS FORUM ›
LETTER TO PACIFIC ISLANDS FORUM
AUSTRALIA WEST PAPUA ASSOCIATION, SYDNEY P.O. Box 65, Millers Point, NSW, Australia 2000 Tele/fax: 61.2. 99601698 Email: iris@matra.com.au
HEADS OF STATE AND OFFICIALS
Dear Pacific Islands Forum:
The Australia West Papua Association is writing to you concerning the issue of West Papua. I would first like to thank you and the other Pacific Islands Forum leaders for supporting West Papua being on the agenda at last years forum meeting. We hope that at this years meeting in Nauru that not only will West Papua be on the agenda but that the discussion will involve the issue of the West Papuan People being granted observer status at future forum meetings, as has been granted to the Kanak people of New Caledonia.
In last years communiqué the Forum leaders expressed "deep concern about past and recent violence and loss of life in West Papua." We would like to point out that since last years forum meeting there has been a large number of human rights abuses committed by the Indonesian military in West Papua and we have included some of these abuses in our briefing paper, which is included with this letter.
We urge you to raise these human rights abuses by the Indonesia military with the other forum leaders, as well as with the Indonesian representatives at the post forum dialogue meeting.
We also urge you to encourage the Indonesian government to reassume the peaceful dialogue, which was started by the West Papuan leadership as a way forward for the province. It is through dialogue that many of the problems in the province could be solved-the human rights abuses, the exploitation of resources at the expense of the local people and the status of the province itself, in relation to Indonesia.
Yours sincerely Joe Collins AWPA, Sydney
Brief Historical Background
In 1883 the island of New Guinea was partitioned by three Western powers, the Dutch claiming the western half, while the Germans and British divided the eastern half into German New Guinea in the north and British Papua in the south.
The Republic of Indonesia was created in 1949 when The Netherlands granted independence to the colonised peoples of the former Dutch East Indies. West New Guinea however, due to its distinct Melanesian population and cultural characteristics, was retained as a colony by the Dutch and during the 1950s the Dutch government prepared the territory for independence. President Sukarno meanwhile consistently maintained Indonesia’s claim to all former territory of the Dutch, and when his demands were not met armed conflict ensued from 1962.
Under pressure from the United States to come to terms with Indonesia, the Dutch agreed to secret negotiations. In August 1962 an agreement was concluded in New York between the Netherlands and Indonesia, under which the Dutch were to leave West New Guinea and transfer sovereignty to UNTEA (the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority), for a period of six years until a national vote was to be conducted to determine Papuan preference for independence, or integration with Indonesia.
Almost immediately however, Indonesia took over the administration from UNTEA, and the oppression of the West Papuan people intensified. A sham referendum was held in 1969, and the UN sanctioned a vote by 1025 handpicked electors, coerced into unanimously choosing to "remain with Indonesia."
The UN Representative sent to observe the election process produced a report, which outlined various and serious violations of the New York Agreement. In spite of the "duly noted" report and in spite also of testimonials from the press, the opposition of fifteen countries and the cries of help and justice from the Papuans themselves, West Irian was handed over to Indonesia in November 1969. The inhabitants of Papua New Guinea, across the border, achieved full independence in1975.
Resistance to Indonesian Rule
Once Indonesian took over responsibility for administration of the province they brutally repressed any West Papuan not accepting the takeover. Uprisings began to take place against their brutal rule in various areas such as Biak Island and in the Central Mountains. The Indonesian military responded by exterminating entire villages. There is no exact figure on the number of West Papuans killed in the resistance, but it is believed to exceed 200,000.
Since the 1st December 2000, the anniversary of the first flying of the West Papuan Morning Star flag in 1962, the TNI has cracked down on the West Papuan People. Many have been killed and their leaders have been arrested. A subversion trial of five of the key leaders has been set for May 14th. They include Theys Eluay, Reverend Herman Awom, Don Flassy, John Mabor and Thaha Al Hamid. The five presidium members were arrested in Jayapura on subversion charges in the days surrounding last year’s commemorations on December the 1st.
Most recently large numbers of the TNI have been sent to West Papua exacerbating the already highly volatile situation. The Indonesian air force has also been flying Hawk jet fighter aircraft (supplied by Britain) low over villages in an effort to terrorise the population
The most recent build up is on the area bordering Papua New Guinea. It was reported in The Jakarta Post of the 21st April that three new battalions coming from outside Irian Jaya have been deployed for an ongoing 'Security Border Operation.’
During this period (late 2000-2001) over 400 refugees (the majority of whom are women and children) have fled across the border into PNG, joining approximately 10,000 other West Papuan refugees, many having been there since the early 1980’s. Latest figures indicate that there are now up to 512 (recent) border crossers in the Vanimo area. The Papua New Guinea Council of Churches has made a strong plea to the PNG government to recognize the plight of these West Papuan border crossers. The call comes following a visit by Council of Churches General Secretary Sophia Gegeyo and the Social Concerns Desk Secretary Peter Saroya in April 2001 to Vanimo, where the West Papuans are living.
There has been consent human abuses in West Papua since the Forum meeting in Nauru last year. We have included one of the graver cases below. We have also included (in the appendix), the report from the Swiss journalists who was arrested after the events of the 1st of December 2000. His eyewitness account makes for horrific reading and vividly describes what can happen to West Papuans believed to have separatists’ tendencies.
Abepura Incident December 2000
Following an attack on the police station at Abepura (near Jayapura) on the 7 December 2000 by an unidentified group (in which two police officers and one security officer where killed), the police and anti-riot troops retaliated by raiding student hostels in the area, although there was no evidence that the students were involved in the attack on the police station. Hundreds of students were taken into police custody and were beaten and tortured. (See account by Swiss journalist below.)
The National Commission of Human Rights (Komnas Ham) who investigated the incidence confirmed at a press conference in April that torture and other inhumane deeds had been committed by police and Brimbo personal against local West Papuans. An official said that two people were killed while 34 others suffered serious wounds while in police custody.
International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)
In another disturbing event, two members of the Australian branch of the ICJ (International Commission of Jurists) were refused visas by the Indonesian authorities to enter West Papua. They had been invited by the local human rights organisation in Jatpura to observe separatist trials in Jayapura and Wamena. Justice Dowd of the ICJ said the refusal from Jakarta was the first time Australian ICJ observers had been formally rejected by Indonesia. Justice Dowd said the exclusion of international observers reduced the chances of a fair trial. "We know now that some of them are being seriously intimidated, some are being subjected to torture and assaults, he said. "There is no fair trial if that’s what is happening."
SWISS JOURNALIST EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT
PRISON, TORTURE AND MURDER IN JAYAPURA TWELVE DAYS IN AN INDONESIAN JAIL
Oswald Iten
A member of the NZZ editorial staff, Oswald Iten, was held in the municipal jail of Jayapura, Irian Jaya, from 2 to 13 December. The charge: illegal journalistic activity. Most of his fellow inmates were Papuans fighting for West Papua’s independence from Indonesia. Iten witnessed the incredible brutality that marked the prisoners' everyday life.
When the door to the cell slammed shut behind me, the first thing I noticed was the stench of urine and other human excreta. Then I saw, through the dim, humidly hot air, bodies lying on the filthy concrete floor, packed one next to the other like sardines. It was one o’clock in the morning. Someone in the lineup of bodies handed me a cardboard box, so that I’d at least have something clean to lay my head on.
The police had taken me into custody the previous day and grilled me for nine hours, because on 1 December, I had taken "political photos" ostensibly not permitted by my tourist visa. That was the day on which Papuans fighting for independence from Indonesia commemorated the day in 1961, while the Dutch were still the colonial masters, when a declaration of West Papuan independence was made which was acknowledged by no one else in the world.
Since then, the flag with the morning star had been their symbol of freedom, and anyone raising that banner had had to reckon with the danger of being shot by occupying Indonesian troops.
President Wahid, who took office last year, had issued a directive permitting limited use of the flag, but the Indonesian security forces, who have been operating with increasing autonomy, had declared that this year’s 1 December would be the last day on which the morning star banner would be permitted to flutter unhindered beneath Papua’s skies.
Poorly Organized Rebels
So there I was, in a cell with about 40 other prisoners. Among them were 26 members of the "Satgas Papua," a militia of the independence movement, which had established posts throughout Irian Jaya and was responsible for guarding the freedom flag. Despite the ultimatum issued by the police, the militia’s top leaders had let themselves be taken by surprise and rounded up like snails - which says a great deal about the Papuan rebels’ level of organization. Among the prisoners was militia chief Boy Eluay, son of Theys Eluay, the head of the Papuan presidium (a body of selected leaders advocating independence), and Alex Baransano, city commander of the Satgas in Port Numbay, as the West Papuans now call Jayapura. Mixed in with the dark-skinned Melanesian prisoners were a few Javanese who had come to Irian Jaya under Indonesia's hated "transmigration" (that is, settlement) program and were now accused of some violent crime or other.
The members of the Satgas Papua were physically unharmed. That could not be said of all the prisoners. During my first night in the cell, a drunk was hauled in, and the guards punched and kicked him in the face. Almost every night some drunk was brought in to sober up and, this being the month of Ramadan, was treated to special physical abuse designed to leave him with a lasting souvenir in the form of a missing tooth or a broken nose. At first I tried to get the guards to ease up, but they grew angry and completed their violent work in the guardroom near the entrance to the cells. Dizzy from both alcohol and the beating, the victims were then thrown into our cell and released the following morning.
At 4:30 a.m. on Thursday, 7 December, noise from the guardroom penetrated the stuffing I’d put in my ears to help me sleep. At first I thought the guards were doing some rhythmic gymnastics, but it also sounded like blows landing on a body. My fellow prisoners were wide-awake, and they tried to hold me back when I went to the entranceway of our cellblock. The upper part of the door was merely barred, so I had a view of the guardroom. And what I saw there was unspeakably shocking.
About half a dozen policemen were swinging their clubs at bodies that were lying on the floor and, oddly enough, did not cry out; at most, only soft groans issued from them. After a few long seconds, a guard saw me looking and struck his club against the bars of the cellblock door. I quickly went back to my usual spot, from where I could still see the clubs, staffs and split bamboo whips at their work. Their ends were smeared with blood, and blood sprayed the walls all the way up to the ceiling.
Sometimes I saw the policemen hopping up on benches, continuing to strike blows from there or jumping back down onto the bodies below (which I could not see from my cell).
Thousands of Blows
Thousands of blows must have descended on what was to me an unknown number of people. I thought: That’s what it means to "thrash" somebody. By about 5:15 a.m. things quietened down and I heard the sound of water from a hose. But then the orgy of torture resumed, apparently with a new load of prisoners. My fellow inmates told me that a police post had been attacked during the night. At one point, a guard came into our cell and indicated to me that what was going on outside was to be understood as the normal retribution for the death of policemen. The attack had taken place at 1:30 a.m. in the suburb of Abepura, and two policemen and a private guard had been killed in the course of it.
At 7:30 a.m. the torturers went outside for morning muster, things quieted down and I looked over into the guardroom: the floor was covered with blood, as in a slaughterhouse. Some of my fellow prisoners were ordered out to clean the place up.
Shortly before 10 o’clock, noise broke out again. The cell block door was opened, and with the ends of their staffs the guards drove about three dozen new prisoners in, whose hair had been marked with white from a spray can, like sheep earmarked for shearing. The newcomers were jammed into a single cell. Then the cellblock door was opened again and one body after another was tossed into our already crowded cell, some of them more dead than alive.
Disfigured Faces, Damaged Bodies
Most of them remained motionless where they fell, either unconscious or utterly exhausted. They must have been the men who had been tortured earlier that morning. A mask maker would find it difficult to conjure out of his imagination such horrifically distorted faces and damaged twisted bodies.
One of the tortured men was virtually blind and had to be led in by the hand by another prisoner; I couldn’t tell whether his eyes had been totally destroyed or were merely swollen shut. The last one to enter was a large man, who fell over the bodies on the floor and lay there groaning horribly. He tried repeatedly to straighten himself up, only to fall back down again.
Now and again the faces of guards appeared at the barred window, looking down impassively at the tangle of maltreated bodies. In the back of the big man’s head, there appeared to be a coin-sized hole through which I believed to spot some brain tissue. After nearly an hour and a half of groaning and spasmodic movement, his suffering visibly neared its end. About two meters from me, his powerful body raised itself again and his head struck the wall. A final labored breath issued from him, then his head dropped down onto the cement floor. At last his agony was over. After a while, three lackeys came and dragged the body out.
Later I learned that the man who had been tortured to death was named Ori Dronggi. I saw a picture of his corpse in the newspaper Cenderawasih Pos. The dispatch said that three dead Papuans had been brought to the morgue, and the police stated they had "died in the fighting." I don’t know how the other two men died; one of them may have been the second man I had seen with a hole in his head, who had wiped his blood away with the same rag my cellmates generally used in their attempts to keep the toilet clean. I had no longer seen him among the prisoners the following day. (All the men who had been arrested after the attack on the police outpost were released after 36 hours.)
Ori Dronggi was one of 18 men from the highland town of Wamena, all of whom had been arrested in a dormitory near the university in Abepura immediately following the attack on the police post. The chances are he had had nothing to do with the attack; the same was true of the 35 other men who had been tortured (I had counted them the following day).
A rumor went around that the police post had been attacked because one of the men on duty there was the one who had torn the morning star flag down on 6 October. About half a dozen Papuans had been killed back then, and in the days after it - and several times that many Indonesians, who fell victim to the Papuans’ blind vengeance. As a result of that chain of events, thousands of Indonesian settlers had fled from Wamena and the Baliem Valley. The "negative" balance of casualties was seen as a disgrace for the police; their rage at the people of Wamena had already become legendary, so it was no surprise when, following the attack at Abepura, they chose to take prisoners from that group of people.
A Witness in Danger?
In the night following the orgy of torture, the guards felt that I should no longer sleep in the cell with the other prisoners, whose number had by now swelled to 124 and many of whom were covered with suppurating wounds.
The policemen wrinkled their noses, indicating to me that the Papuans smelled bad. I was told I could sleep in the guardroom - but the countless bloodstains there, even on the bench on which I lay, were a constant reminder of what had happened the previous night. The next morning, Police Chief Daud Sihombing, who also served as superintendent of the prison, noticed that I had not slept in the cell. Furious, he ordered the guards to bring me back there. He also confiscated the mosquito net one guard had brought me. I asked Sihombing if he wanted me to contract malaria. In a voice brooking no contradiction, he replied: "You’re no different from the other prisoners. If they get malaria, so will you. From that time on, I feared that I had seen too much and was in danger as an incriminating witness.
Not a hair on my head was touched. In fact, the otherwise sadistic guards went out of their way to be nice to me. But the mistreatment of other prisoners continued. On 11 December I again witnessed a horrible scene. About 2:45 A.M., three new prisoners were brought in. Two of them were badly beaten outside my field of vision. The third Papuan fell right in front of the one-man cell to which Chief Sihombing had exiled me.
A booted guard kicked the man in the head; the prisoner’s head banged loudly against my cell door, blood spurting from it onto my leg. The guard was apparently fascinated by the head going back and forth between his boot and the bars of my cell door, like some outsized ping-pong ball, so he kicked it a few more times.
A second guard joined in with a swift kick to the middle of the prisoner’s face, knocking him unconscious. But that still wasn’t enough. A third guard, who had been watching the scene with rifle in hand, now struck the butt of his weapon about five times into the senseless man’s skull, which made a horrible sound. I could hardly believe it, but the victim was still alive the next day. He was taken away for interrogation.
"Zero Tolerance"
It was all part of the day’s work in an Indonesian prison on Irian Jaya. Superintendant Sihombing was obviously not at all disturbed that I, a foreign journalist, should have witnessed such scenes after being arrested for taking some harmless "political photographs." According to his logic, my identity was as irrelevant as had been the barbaric and transparent behavior of the Indonesian police and military after the referendum on East Timor. In fact, by imprisoning me, Sihombing was demonstrating that the policy of zero tolerance toward the independence movement, which had gone into effect on 1 December, also applied to foreigners.
Visitors with a temporary journalist’s visa are not granted the official Indonesian permit necessary for travel to the interior of Irian Jaya. My case could serve as a warning to other journalists not to travel to West Papua masquerading as tourists. In his autocratic and self-righteous manner, Sihombing gave the press almost daily briefings on my "important case." His goal was to underscore his demonstration of power by bringing charges which could get me a prison sentence of as much as five years. I felt like Sihombing’s hostage, my ransom value going up with each passing day. But after 12 days, the man’s calculations were upset when Jakarta issued an order for my deportation. To save face, he presented my release to the press as his own act of clemency in honor of the forthcoming holiday of Christmas.
The fact that I was not harmed in the prison at Jayapura was due, among other things, to the swift arrival of Norbert Bärlocher, the deputy mission chief of the Swiss embassy in Jakarta. He traveled 3,800 kilometers to the capital of Irian Jaya in order to extend his protection to me until my deportation on 16 December. But several dozen less privileged prisoners remained back in the cell, with the Satgas militiamen still among them. Their life in prison will doubtless continue to be as I experienced it, marked by violence. Mornings and evenings they hold a one-hour prayer service, conducted by three catechists who managed to keep their Bibles with them.
At the end of each service, they all shake hands. The prisoners receive two adequate meals a day from the police, for which they express their thanks by saying grace. And they are allowed a one-hour family visits every afternoon. Each morning, while the police hold their muster, a loudspeaker broadcasts the Indonesian national anthem through the prison bars. At that point, the Papuans in their cells join in singing their independence anthem. Indonesia can never win the hearts of the Papuans with clubs and rifle barrels; it will simply remain the hated occupying power.
(In one of his last articles before his arrest, "High Noon in West Papua," the author sums up the present political situation in Irian Jaya. 22 December 2000 / Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 22 December 2000. (Neue Zurcher Zeitung, Zurich website. (Dec 22, 2000).
f P c N interCutural Web: http://www.fPcN-global.org Email: webmaster@fPcN-global.org
MELANESIAN COUNTRIES TO REVIEW VISA POLICY
Late Papers Delay Solomon Islands National Exams
START ON HOTEL NEXT MONTH SAYS COOK ISLANDS VAIMAANGA SITE OWNER PA ARIKI
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Imagine Dragons' Dan Reynolds Grateful For Mormon Church's Endorsement Of LGBT Fundraiser
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on Wednesday endorsed an upcoming concert benefiting at-risk LGBTQ youth.
Scheduled to perform on August 26 at the LoveLoud Festival at Utah Valley University's Brent Brown Ballpark are Imagine Dragons, Neon Trees, Krewella, Nicholas Petricca, Joshua James and Aja Volkman.
NFL Hall of Famer Steve Young, Dancing with the Stars choreographer Julianne Hough and Tom Christofferson are scheduled to appear. Christofferson is an out Mormon and brother of LDS apostle D. Todd Christofferson.
The concert, which benefits four LGBT groups, will be emceed by soloist Alex Boye.
“We applaud the LoveLoud Festival for LGBTQ youth’s aim to bring people together to address teen safety and to express respect and love for all of God’s children,” the church said in a statement. “We join our voice with all who come together to foster a community of inclusion in which no one is mistreated because of who they are or what they believe.”
Imagine Dragons frontman Dan Reynolds, who launched the event and has been critical of the church's opposition to LGBT rights, including its vocal opposition to same-sex marriage, applauded the endorsement, saying that the church's words were “powerful and progressive in a lot of ways.”
“If you are gay, your life and your love is correct,” Reynolds told The Salt Lake Tribune, “and just as valid as my life and my love.”
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Pearl Harbor on my mind
Today is Pearl Harbor Day. On this day 64 years ago, the Japanese launched a military attack on the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, sinking virtually the entire U.S. Pacific fleet. 2,390 people lost their lives in the attack, including 1,777 sailors who were aboard the U.S.S. Arizona. The battleship, submerged in Pearl Harbor, now serves as a graveyard and a memorial dedicated to those who lost their lives. Most Americans know the story of Pearl Harbor and the day that "will live in infamy," even those of us who were born long after the attack. Although surpassed in magnitude by the events of 9/11/2001, the attack on Pearl Harbor still stands as one of the greatest tragedies in U.S. history and as the event that triggered U.S. involvement in World War II. I still remember visiting Pearl Harbor and the U.S.S. Arizona Memorial in 1998. I was surprised to see so many Japanese tourists visiting the site while I was there. I believe it’s a testament to how relations have improved between the U.S. and Japan that so many Japanese visit Pearl Harbor on vacation, just as many Americans visit the A-Bomb Dome left standing in remembrance of the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima in 1945. Times have changed, thankfully.
I pondered the ramifications of Korea’s connection to Pearl Harbor as a former colony of Japan. Many of the U.S. naval vessels used to liberate Korea from Japan and during the Korean War are or were based at Pearl Harbor Naval Base. As a Japanese colony, Korea unwillingly supplied materials such as coal and steel to support the wartime Japanese military-industrial complex. It’s unclear whether any Korean materials made their way into weapons or military vessels and aircraft used to attack Pearl Harbor. However, a Korean man stationed in Hawai’i at that time could have changed the course of American history. Haan Kil-soo, an intelligence officer for the Japanese consulate in Honolulu, reportedly warned several U.S. officials of the impending attack on Pearl Harbor shortly before it happened, including Iowa Senator Guy Gillette. Mr. Haan purportedly mapped out areas of Hawai’i and gave these maps to Japanese officials to help them prepare for the attack. One can only conjecture as to why Mr. Haan warned U.S. officials of the Japanese’ plans. Perhaps Korean patriotism played a role, because in 1941 many Koreans living in Hawai’i were hopeful that the Allies would liberate Korea from Japanese rule. Mr. Haan may have felt likewise. Perhaps he felt sympathy towards the Americans he knew would be killed in the attack. Whatever the reason, it seems clear that he did warn U.S. officials of the attack beforehand. He also went on to live a long life as a Korean American, living in both Korea and in the United States. One can only conjecture as to why U.S. officials did not heed his warnings. I will let you, Dear Reader, ponder that. Suffice it to say, the actions of one Korean man living near Pearl Harbor in 1941 might have dramatically altered U.S. history and perhaps even World War II.
Snow Falls (a poem)
A few victories for the community
Sritala
I’ve never know about Haan Kil-soo before. This topic really interesting for me because my major is British and American study…..thanks for good topic 🙂
God help us! Now the Koreans will be whingeing about how we owe them for the alleged warning. For every sort like Han, and there was probably only one, there were tens of thousands of Koreans who materially assisted the Japanese war effort, not all of them under any particular duress, large numbers serving as fighting men and even guards in Japanese POW camps. Several of my relatives remember all too vividly the brutality of such guards under whom they suffered horribly in internment camps in SE Asia.
Hye Seung
Haan Kil-soo warned U.S. officials because he was a double spy (working for the U.S. Naval Intelligence). There is a new biopic about him (HAAN) made in South Korea in 2005.
SperwerActual ur full of BS
koreans did serve in the jap military because they wanted to but they had tochinks always have to say shit bout korea
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dj filtah
Filtah started DJing on the Free Rave scene in the UK around Oxford and Aylesbury in the late 90’s playing Jungle, Drum and Bass and Hardcore. This scene had a big influence on his sound as a DJ.
He moved to Leeds in 2000 and quickly became a resident DJ for regular Drum and Bass nights across the city’s venues. This continued for several years, and he had the chance to play warm up sets for artists such as DJ Hype, Nicky Blackmarket, Goldie and Grooverider. Filtah was also involved in the Leeds reggae scene in later years, playing at smaller venues and parties and also played at venues in the south of France. He now lives in Ibiza, and has played Dub, Reggae, Chillout and World vibes at venues including Kumharas, Atzaró and Casita Verde. Filtah likes to mix it up, and rarely limits himself to a single style or genre, preferring to take his audience on a journey through his influences, depending on the mood. Reading what the crowd wants is part of the magic for him.
http://www.dial-a-deejay.com/the-djs/
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Millennium Pie
100 Space Flights
Access Programming Tips
NASA'S FIRST 100 HUMAN SPACE FLIGHTS
Note: The following information was culled from a number of
reference sources, including the Space Shuttle Mission
Chronology, NASA Historical Data Book, and the NASA Pocket
Statistics.
GEMINI PROGRAM APOLLO PROGRAM SKYLAB PROGRAM
APOLLO-SOYUZ TEST PROJECT (ASTP) SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM
MERCURY PROGRAM (May 5, 1961 -- May 16, 1963)
Sequence: Order of Flight; Spacecraft; Crew Members; Date(s);
Mission Duration (hr:min:sec)
1.) Freedom 7; Shepard; May 5, 1961 (00:15:22)
2.) Liberty Bell 7; Grissom; July 21, 1961 (00:15:37)
3.) Friendship 7; Glenn; Feb. 20, 1962 (04:55:23)
4.) Aurora 7; Carpenter; May 24, 1962 (04:56:05)
5.) Sigma 7; Schirra; Oct. 3, 1962 (09:13:11)
6.) Faith 7; Cooper; May 15 - 16, 1963 (34:19:49)
Total: 6 Flights, 6 Astronauts Flown.
Total Flight Time: 53:55:27
GEMINI PROGRAM (March 23, 1965 --Nov. 15, 1966)
Sequence: Order of Flight; Mission; Crew Members; Date(s);
7.) Gemini 3; Grissom, Young; March 23, 1965 (04:52:30)
8.) Gemini 4; McDivitt, White; June 3 - 7, 1965 (97:56:12)
9.) Gemini 5; Cooper, Conrad; Aug. 21 - 29, 1965 (190:55:140)
10.) Gemini 7; Borman, Lovell;. Dec. 4 - 18, 1965 (330:35:01)
11.) Gemini 6A; Schirra, Stafford; Dec. 15 - 16, 1965 (25:51:24)
12.) Gemini 8; Armstrong, Scott; March 16, 1966 (10:41:26)
13.) Gemini 9A; Stafford, Cernan; June 3 - 6, 1966 (72:20:50)
14.) Gemini 10; Young, Collins; July 18 - 21, 1966 (70:46:39)
15.) Gemini 11; Conrad, Gordon; Sept. 12 - 15, 1966 (71:17:08)
16.) Gemini 12; Lovell, Aldrin; Nov. 11 - 15, 1966 (94:34:31)
Total: 10 Flights, 20 Astronauts Flown.**
Total Flight Time: 969:50:56
APOLLO PROGRAM (October 11, 1968 -- December 19, 1972)
APOLLO SATURN I
17.) Apollo 7; Schirra, Eisele, Cunningham; Oct. 11 - 22, 1968
(260:09:03)
APOLLO SATURN V
18.) Apollo 8; Borman, Lovell, Anders; Dec. 21 - 27, 1968
19.) Apollo 9; McDivitt, Scott, Schweickart; March 3 - 13,1969
20.) Apollo 10; Stafford, Young, Cernan; May 18 - 26, 1969
21.) Apollo 11; Armstrong, Collins, Aldrin; July 16 - 24, 1969
22.) Apollo 12; Conrad, Gordon, Bean; Nov. 14 - 24, 1969
23.) Apollo 13; Lovell, Swigert, Haise; April 11 - 17, 1970
24.) Apollo 14; Shepard, Roosa, Mitchell; Jan. 31 - Feb. 9, 1971
25.) Apollo 15; Scott, Worden, Irwin; July 26 - Aug. 7, 1971
26.) Apollo 16; Young, Mattingly, Duke; April 16 - 27, 1972
27.) Apollo 17; Cernan, Evans, Schimitt; Dec. 7 - 19, 1972
Total: 11 Flights, 33 Astronauts Flown (including Apollo 7).**
Total Flight Time: 2,502:00:37
SKYLAB PROGRAM (May 25, 1973 -- Feb. 8, 1974)
SKYLAB SATURN IB
28.) Skylab 2; Conrad, Kerwin, Weitz; May 25 - June 22, 1973
29.) Skylab 3; Bean, Garriott, Lousma; July 28 - Sept. 25, 1973;
(1416:11:09)
30.) Skylab 4; Carr, Gibson, Pogue; Nov. 16, 1973 - Feb. 8, 1974
APOLLO-SOYUZ TEST PROJECT (ASTP) (July 15 - 24, 1975)
APOLLO SATURN IB
Sequence: Order of Flight; Mission Crew Members; Date(s);
31.) ASTP; Stafford, Brand, Slayton; July 15 - 24, 1975
Total: 1 Flight, 3 Astronauts Flown.
SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM (April 12, 1981 - Present)
Sequence: Order of Flight; Mission, Orbiter; Crew Members; Date(s);
32.) STS-1, Columbia; Young, Crippen; April 12 - 14, 1981
33.) STS-2, Columbia; Engle, Truly; Nov. 12 - 14, 1981 (54:13:12)
34.) STS-3, Columbia; Lousma, Fullerton; March 22 - 30, 1982
35.) STS-4, Columbia; Mattingly, Hartsfield; June 27 - July 4,
1982 (169:11:11)
36.) STS-5, Columbia; Brand, Overmyer, Allen, Lenoir; Nov. 11 -
16, 1982 (122:14:27)
37.) STS-6, Challenger; Weitz, Bobko, Peterson, Musgrave; April 4 -
9, 1983 (120:23:42)
38.) STS-7, Challenger; Crippen, Hauck, Ride, Fabian, Thagard;
June 18 - 24, 1983 (146:23:59)
39.) STS-8, Challenger; Truly, Brandenstein, Gardner, Bluford,
Thornton; Aug. 30 - Sept. 5, 1983 (145:08:40)
40.) STS-9, Columbia; Young, Shaw, Garriott, Parker, Lichtenberg,
Merbold; Nov. 28 - Dec. 8, 1983 (247:47:24)
41.) STS 41-B, Challenger; Brand, Gibson, McCandless, McNair,
Stewart; Feb. 3 - 11, 1984 (191:15:55)
42.) STS 41-C, Challenger; Crippen, Scobee, Nelson, van Hoften,
Hart; April 6 - 13, 1984 (167:40:07)
43.) STS 41-D, Discovery; Hartsfield, Coats, Resnik, Mullane,
Hawley, Walke; Aug. 30 - Sept. 5, 1984 (144:56:04)
44.) STS 41-G, Challenger; Crippen, McBride, Leestma, Ride,
Sullivan, Scully-Power, Garneau; Oct. 5 - 13, 1984 (197:23:37)
45.) STS 51-A, Discovery; Hauck, Walker, Fisher, Gardner, Allen;
Nov. 8 - 16, 1984 (191:44:56)
46.) STS 51-C, Discovery; Mattingly, Shriver, Buchli, Onizuka,
Payton; Jan. 24 - 27, 1985 (73:33:27)
47.) STS 51-D, Discovery; Bobko, Williams, Seddon, Griggs,
Hoffman, Walker, Garn; April 12 - 19, 1985 (167:54:00)
48.) STS 51-B, Challenger; Overmyer, Gregory, Lind, Thagard,
Thornton, van den Berg, Wang; April 29 - May 6, 1985 (168:08:47)
49.) STS 51-G, Discovery; Brandenstein, Creighton, Lucid, Nagel,
Fabian, Baudry, Al-Saud; June 17 - 24, 1985 (169:39:00)
50.) STS 51-F, Challenger; Fullerton, Bridges, Musgrave, Henize,
England, Acton, Bartoe; July 29 - Aug. 6, 1985 (190:45:26)
51.) STS 51-I, Discovery; Engle, Covey, van Hoften, Lounge,
Fisher; Aug. 27 - Sept. 3, 1985 (171:17:42)
52.) STS 51-J, Atlantis; Bobko, Grabe, Stewart, Hilmers, Pailes;
Oct. 3 - 7, 1985 (97:14:38)
53.) STS 61-A, Challenger; Hartsfield, Nagel, Buchli, Bluford,
Dunbar, Furrer, Messerschmid, Ockels; Oct. 30 - Nov. 6, 1985
54.) STS 61-B, Atlantis; Shaw, O'Connor, Cleave, Spring, Ross,
Neri Vela, Walker; Nov. 26 - Dec. 3, 1985 (165:04:49)
55.) STS 61-C, Columbia; Gibson, Bolden, Chang-Diaz, Hawley,
Nelson, Cenker; Jan. 12 - 18, 1986 (146:03:51)
56.) STS 51-L, Challenger; Scobee, Smith, Resnik, Onizuka, McNair,
Jarvis, McAuliffe; Jan. 28, 1986 (N/A)
57.) STS-26, Discovery; Hauck, Covey, Lounge, Hilmers, Nelson;
Sept. 29 - Oct. 3, 1988 (97:00:57)
58.) STS-27, Atlantis; Gibson, Gardner, Mullane, Ross, Shepherd;
Dec. 2 - 6, 1988 (105:05:37)
59.) STS-29, Discovery; Coats, Blaha, Buchli, Springer, Bagian;
March 13 - 18, 1989 (119:39:40)
60.) STS-30, Atlantis; Walker, Grabe, Thagard, Cleave, Lee; May 4 -
8, 1989 (96:57:35)
61.) STS-28, Columbia; Shaw, Richards, Leestma, Adamson, Brown;
Aug. 8 - 13, 1989 (121:00:53)
62.) STS-34, Atlantis; Williams, McCulley, Baker, Chang-Diaz,
Lucid; Oct.. 18 - 23, 1989 (119:41:00)
63.) STS-33, Discovery; Gregory, Blaha, Musgrave, Thornton,
Carter; Nov. 22 - 27, 1989 (120:07:32)
64.) STS-32, Columbia; Brandenstein, Wetherbee, Dunbar, Ivins,
Low; Jan. 9 - 20, 1990 (261:01:38)
65.) STS-36, Atlantis; Creighton, Casper, Hilmers, Mullane,
Thuot; Feb. 28 - March 4, 1990 (106:19:43)
66.) STS-31, Discovery; Shriver, Bolden, Hawley, McCandless,
Sullivan; April 24 - 29, 1990 (121:16:06)
67.) STS-41, Discovery; Richards, Cabana, Shepherd, Melnick,
Akers; Oct. 6 - 10, 1990 (98:10:04)
68.) STS-38, Atlantis; Covey, Culbertson, Gemar, Meade, Springer;
Nov. 15 - 20, 1990 (117:54:31)
69.) STS-35, Columbia; Brand, Gardner, Hoffman, Lounge, Parker,
Parise, Durrance; Dec. 2 - 10, 1990 (215:05:08)
70.) STS-37, Atlantis; Nagel, Cameron, Apt, Godwin, Ross; April 5 -
71.) STS-39, Discovery; Coats, Hammond, Bluford, Hieb, Harbaugh,
McMonagle, Veach; April 28 - May 6, 1991 (199:22:21)
72.) STS-40, Columbia; O'Connor, Gutierrez, Bagian, Jernigan,
Seddon, Gaffney, Hughes-Fulford; June 5 - 14, 1991 (218:14:20)
73.) STS-43, Atlantis; Blaha, Baker, Adamson, Low, Lucid; Aug. 2 -
74.) STS-48, Discovery; Creighton, Reightler, Brown, Gemar,
Buchli; Sept. 12 - 18, 1991 (128:27:34)
75.) STS-44, Atlantis; Gregory, Henricks, Runco, Voss, Musgrave,
Hennen; Nov. 24 - Dec. 1, 1991 (166:50:42)
76.) STS-42, Discovery; Grabe, Oswald, Readdy, Thagard, Hilmers,
Bondar, Merbold; Jan. 22 - 30, 1992 (193:14:45)
77.) STS-45, Atlantis; Bolden, Duffy, Sullivan, Leestma, Foale,
Frimout, Lichtenberg; March 24 - April 2, 1992 (214:09:00)
78.) STS-49, Endeavour; Brandenstein, Chilton, Melnick, Akers,
Hieb, Thornton, Thuot; May 7 - 16, 1992 (213:17:38)
79.) STS-50, Columbia; Richards, Bowersox, Dunbar, Meade, Baker,
DeLucas, Trinh; June 25 - July 9, 1992 (331:30:04)
80.) STS-46, Atlantis; Shriver, Allen, Hoffman, Chang-Diaz,
Ivins, Nicollier, Malerba; July 31 - Aug. 8, 1992 (191:16:07)
81.) STS-47, Endeavour; Gibson, Brown, Lee, Davis, Jemison,
Mohri, Apt; Sept. 12 - 20, 1992 (190:30:23)
82.) STS-52, Columbia; Wetherbee, Baker, Veach, Jernigan,
Shepherd, MacLean; Oct. 22 - Nov. 1, 1992 (236:56:13)
83.) STS-53, Discovery; Walker, Cabana, Bluford, Voss, Clifford;
84.) STS-54, Endeavour; Casper, McMonagle, Runco, Harbaugh,
Helms; Jan. 13 - 19, 1993 (143:38:17)
85.) STS-56, Discovery; Cameron, Oswald, Cockrell, Foale, Ochoa;
April 8 - 17, 1993 (222:09:21)
86.) STS-55, Columbia; Nagel, Henricks, Ross, Precourt, Harris,
Walter, Schlegel; April 26 - May 6, 1993 (239:40:00)
87.) STS-57, Endeavour; Grabe, Duffy, Low, Sherlock, Voss,
Wisoff; June 21 - July 1, 1993 (239:45:00)
88.) STS-51, Discovery; Culbertson, Readdy, Newman, Bursch, Walz;
Sept. 12 - 22, 1993 (236:11:00)
89.) STS-58, Columbia; Blaha, Searfoss, Seddon, McArthur, Wolf,
Lucid, Fettman; Oct. 18 - Nov. 1, 1993 (336:13:01)
90.) STS-61, Endeavour; Covey, Bowersox, Musgrave, Hoffman,
Thornton, Akers, Nicollier; Dec. 2 - 13, 1993 (259:59:00)
91.) STS-60, Discovery; Bolden, Reightler, Chang-Diaz, Davis,
Sega, Krikalev; Feb. 3 - 11, 1994 (199:09:00)
92.) STS-62, Columbia; Casper, Allen, Gemar, Ivins, Thuot; March
4 - 18, 1994 (335:16:)
93.) STS-59, Endeavour; Gutierrez, Chilton, Godwin, Apt,
Clifford, Jones; April 9 - 20, 1994 (269:49:00)
94.) STS-65, Columbia; Cabana, Halsell, Hieb, Thomas, Walz,
Chiao, Naito-Muka; July 8 - 23, 1994 (353:55:00)
95.) STS-64, Discovery; Richards, Hammond, Helms, Meade, Lee,
Linenger; Sept. 9 - 20, 1994 (262:51:00)
96.) STS-68, Endeavour; Baker, Wilcutt, Jones, Bursch, Wisoff,
Smith; Sept. 30 - Oct. 11, 1994 (269:46:00)
97.) STS-66, Atlantis; McMonagle, Brown, Ochoa, Tanner,
Parazynski, Clervoy; Nov. 3 - 14, 1994 (262:34:00)
98.) STS-63, Discovery; Wetherbee, Collins, Harris, Foale, Voss,
Titov; Feb. 3 - 11, 1995 (198:28:15)
99.) STS-67, Endeavour; Oswald, Gregory, Jernigan, Lawrence,
Grunsfeld, Durrance, Parise; March 2 - 18, 1995 (399:09:46)
Total: 68 Flights, 379 Crew Members Flown.
Total Flight Time: 516 days:23 hours:12 minutes:01 seconds
Grand Total: 99 Flights, 450 people Flown.
These first 100 U.S. human space launches includes only those conducted
by NASA as part of its human spaceflight program, beginning with
Project Mercury. It does not include the X-15 hypersonic research
flights that flew to altitudes in excess of 50 miles.
This total includes the same astronaut flying more than once.
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Home > Sports > Indias Kohli clinches match, ODI series against Windies
India's Kohli clinches match, ODI series against Windies
India captain Virat Kohli scored an unbeaten century as his team crushed West Indies by eight wickets to clinch their one-day international series in...
newseditor | Updated on:7 July 2017 7:09 AM GMT
India captain Virat Kohli scored an unbeaten century as his team crushed West Indies by eight wickets to clinch their one-day international series in the final match.
Yesterday Kohli scored 111 at Sabina Park in Kingston, Jamaica, securing victory in style with a six as India won at a canter with 79 balls to spare to take the five-match series 3-1.
India scored 206 for two wickets in reply after West Indies won the toss and batted, compiling 205-9 off their allotted 50 overs on a good batting surface.
Kohli scored at almost a run a ball, smashing 12 fours and two sixes for his 28th ODI century.
He was ably assisted by Dinesh Karthik, 50 not out, and opener Ajinkya Rahane (39).
Kohli was named Player of the Match, with Rahane Player of the Series.
“First and foremost the aim was to win the series, have a complete team performance,” Kohli said in an on-field interview.
“Special mention to Rahane, who has come back after a while and he was outstanding.
“Really pleased with the team effort in general.
People are grabbing their opportunities.
” Rahane finished the series with 336 runs at an average of 67.
2, taking his opportunity after failing to make the team for the recent Champions Trophy in England.
“I wanted to enjoy my batting,” he said.
“Even in the Champions Trophy I was batting very well in the nets, and I really wanted to make it count here.
” The Hope brothers provided a rare bright spot for the home team, with opener Kyle compiling a quick 46 off 50 balls, while Shai made a more patient 51 off 98 balls.
West Indies captain Jason Holder praised his bowlers, but admitted the batting was not up to scratch during the series.
“I sympathise with the batsmen but they need to learn quickly, and use the off-season well,” he said.
Chris Gayle returns for West Indies when India's brief tour of the Caribbean wraps up with a Twenty20 in Kingston on Sunday.
Jamaican Gayle has never played an international Twenty20 at Sabina Park.
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Rush Township
Minutes of the meeting of the Rush Township of Supervisors – August 17, 2010
Rush Township Building Hometown, Pa 18252 Minutes of the Meeting of the Rush Township Board of Supervisors The monthly meeting of the Rush Township Board of Supervisors was called to order by Chairman Stephen W. Simchak at 6 o’clock p.m. Those in attendance were Vice-Chairman Shawn Gilbert, Supervisor Robert Leibensperger, Secretary/Treasurer Terri Conville, and Clerk/Assistant […]
Rush Township Building Hometown, PA 18252 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Rush Township Board of Supervisors The special meeting of the Rush Township Board of Supervisors was called to order by Chairman Stephen W. Simchak at 4 o’clock p.m. Those in attendance were Supervisor Robert Leibensperger; Secretary/Treasurer Terri Conville and Clerk/ Assistant Treasurer […]
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Who was our township named after?
Explore Site
More Questions? Contact us!
104 Mahanoy Avenue
Tamaqua, PA 18252-4000
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Mysteries and Bizarre Things:
Location : Greece
Re: Mysteries and Bizarre Things:
George1 on Tue Sep 29, 2015 8:36 am
Solar System Rocked by Discovery of Water on Mars
Read more: http://sputniknews.com/news/20150929/1027684798.html#ixzz3n6giGeLw
George1 on Tue Oct 04, 2016 4:20 am
Measuring a whopping 42 inches across, an ancient dinosaur footprint has been found in the Gobi Desert.
Read more: https://sputniknews.com/science/20161001/1045892013/titanosaur-footprint-mongolia.html
George1 on Fri Jan 13, 2017 8:18 am
Meteorite burns up over north Russia
http://tass.com/science/924039
nomadski on Sat Jan 14, 2017 4:01 pm
@George1
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_fossil
Nice post about dinosaurs followed by meteor . As you know I like nature . But I think the secret is in nature . Military . Politic . Economic . Dinosaurs of T-Rex lived for only 3 million years . But some other creature like horse shoe crab lives for 450 million years and some bacteria for 3 billion years . This means nothing can kill them . They have strong military and politics and economics . Humans have only been around for 1-2 million years . Just babies . We learn from living fossils . BTW when can I put link to my post ? And also vote people up ? I like your zhukov sayings . He commended my uncle's unit when they were fighting fascist forces in caucuses in WW 2 .
George1 on Wed Aug 09, 2017 12:38 am
Uruguayan authorities sell items from the German "pocket battleship" Admiral Graf Spee
http://bmpd.livejournal.com/2775906.html
HUNTER VZLA
Location : Caracas,Venezuela
HUNTER VZLA on Mon Sep 04, 2017 8:15 pm
Creepy Trumpets Sounds From Sky - this time in Iran
HUNTER VZLA on Wed Sep 06, 2017 9:21 pm
Strange video recorded in Mexico shows a UFO entering a dimensional portal
http://www.mundoesotericoparanormal.com/
Odin of Ossetia
King Arthur's Sword Possibly Found
Odin of Ossetia on Wed Sep 06, 2017 10:26 pm
http://www.msn.com/en-ca/news/world/schoolgirl-discovers-mystery-sword-in-same-lake-king-arthurs-legendary-excalibur-was-thrown/ar-AArolhw?li=AAggNb9&ocid=SKY2DHP
That sword looks cool.
HUNTER VZLA on Sat Sep 09, 2017 10:50 pm
MEXICO EARTHQUAKE by HAARP?
HUNTER VZLA on Mon Sep 11, 2017 1:18 am
LAST HOUR FALLS FIRE OF HEAVEN IN "ISRAEL" 2017
this will be true?
HUNTER VZLA on Mon Sep 11, 2017 10:19 pm
interesting article
Bizarre Encounters with the Weird in the Vietnam War
Link: http://mysteriousuniverse.org/2017/01/bizarre-encounters-with-the-weird-in-the-vietnam-war/
HUNTER VZLA on Fri Sep 15, 2017 11:14 pm
Moonfish caught in Russia
https://actualidad.rt.com/viral/250066-monstruoso-pez-luna-rusia
HUNTER VZLA on Wed Sep 20, 2017 10:39 pm
Find bodies of strange creatures in the basement of an old London house
I do not know if these creatures are real or not but this caught my attention because it resembled Cthulhu created by writer Howard Phillips Lovecraft
but images and information here
http://www.merrylinmuseum.com/index/
JohninMK
JohninMK on Thu Sep 21, 2017 9:58 pm
U.S. Naval History @USNHistory 52m52 minutes ago
#OTD in 1956 F11F Tiger aircraft in test flight shoots itself down when the plane runs into previously fired 20-mm projectiles
Not photo of incident just the F11
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DKRQsL-VYAAEvFn.jpg
starman on Wed Oct 18, 2017 7:26 pm
George1 wrote: Measuring a whopping 42 inches across, an ancient dinosaur footprint has been found in the Gobi Desert.
May be too big to be Opisthocoelicaudia/Nemegtosaurus, known from the somewhat younger Nemegt frm.
Btw has anyone else read Randle's Roswell in the 21st Century?
HUNTER VZLA on Sat Jan 13, 2018 10:34 pm
Strange Tales From Secret Bases
morehttp://mysteriousuniverse.org/2018/01/strange-tales-from-secret-bases/
HUNTER VZLA on Fri Apr 20, 2018 10:18 pm
They find in Mexico a Nazi coin of the year 2039, a test of time travel or a parallel universe?
For a long time, alternative universes have been used as a plot for a novel or simply a story for a movie. But there are many people who wonder what their life would be like in a parallel universe, or if there is an alternative version of their person in another dimension. For scientists have also spent time investigating the potential of alternative realities for decades. Over the years, scientists have exposed multiple theories, some of which have real evidence to back them up. So, if any of these theories is correct, there is a universe somewhere different from ours.
One of the most popular theories of alternative universes is string theory. According to this theory, we live in a multiverse of nine dimensions, with only three dimensions visible to us. Since we only exist in three dimensions, our universe would look flat like a sheet of paper. On the other hand, the way in which the other dimensions would expand would be along the timelines and possible situations. That said, alternative versions of our world could be almost identical, or totally different. However, it is only about theories. But what will happen if someone discovers evidence of the existence of parallel universes?
Now a video posted on YouTube (which you can see here) shows a man who claims to have discovered a Nazi coin apparently from the year 2039.
The Nazi coin of the year 2039
Apparently the mysterious coin was found by Diego Avilés in a work in Mexico. Avilés explains that what caught his attention was when he read the inscriptions and saw that the date on the Reichsmark was 2039. He had also engraved the symbol of the Nazi Party, the eagle and the swastika, and some words written in Spanish that said "New Germany".
In Mexico there is a state called Nueva Alemania, located in the Municipality of La Concordia (in the State of Chiapas), but it is known that there is no record of the arrival of any Nazi currency. On the reverse of the coin is the iron cross and the phrase "alle in einer nation" which translates as "all in one nation", a motto that would perfectly serve a country that has dominated the world.
As the new video has gone viral on the Internet, many conspiracy theorists have claimed that it is a coin of an "alternative" future where the Nazis conquered the world, developed time travel and sent money back to the past where certain currencies ended up in our reality. Others argued that it is a new evidence of time travel, a test that shows how Germany will be a key country in the imminent Third World War that is unfolding in Syria. They also added that the Nazis living in secret in Antarctica will join the Germans of the Fourth Reich.
Is it really a coin of the year 2039?
In the first place, there is no way of knowing if the year 2039 is written on the coin, at least not with the images provided. The number "39" is clear, but it could be the year 1939. Because the currency has supposedly been sent to a university for examination, we can not know the date that is written until the results are revealed. Then, it's a coin. A silver coin supposedly from the year 2039. If it were an electronic device, or electronic currency, there would be no doubt. However, we are talking about a nation that has managed to achieve travel over time and continues to use silver as currency in the year 2039.
So, what can be the explanation?
First, there is an inscription in Spanish that says "New Germany". Mexico was never an ally of Nazi Germany. One explanation would be that it could be treated as a commemorative coin, but Mexico and Germany did not have any kind of alliance. Moreover, Mexico declared war on Germany in 1942. In addition, there is no known Nazi coin that has the inscription "Alle in Einer Nation". So, if it is not a montage, it is certainly a very strange coin, even if it does not come from the future or from a parallel universe.
The truth is that there are strange stories about the Nazis. The hidden connections of Hitler and the supernatural, the Nazi Bell (which was supposedly a time machine), psychic killers or super soldiers are well known. There are also rumors that after the fall of Germany in 1945, some Nazis managed to establish secret bases in Antarctica that are still operational today. Perhaps the only explanation is that the Antarctic Nazis managed to develop trips in time, or managed to travel through different realities.
Have you found a Nazi coin that shows the existence of parallel universes, where the Nazis won the Second World War and developed trips in time? Is it a commemorative coin? Or maybe it's a montage?
https://www.mundoesotericoparanormal.com/encuentran-mexico-moneda-nazi-ano-2039-prueba-viajes-tiempo-universo-paralelo/
HUNTER VZLA on Mon Apr 30, 2018 12:43 am
WTF Did I capture passing the Moon? @1:18
GarryB on Tue May 01, 2018 3:36 am
The size and speed, I would say space junk in earth orbit...
HUNTER VZLA on Tue May 01, 2018 4:12 am
GarryB wrote: The size and speed, I would say space junk in earth orbit...
I thought the same thing
HUNTER VZLA on Fri May 04, 2018 3:58 am
Mysterious Evil Pombero Humanoid Spotted in Paraguay
http://mysteriousuniverse.org/2018/05/mysterious-evil-pombero-humanoid-spotted-in-paraguay/
starman on Mon Oct 22, 2018 4:54 pm
HUNTER VZLA wrote:
Over the years, scientists have exposed multiple theories, some of which have real evidence to back them up. So, if any of these theories is correct....
Big if.
In the first place, there is no way of knowing if the year 2039 is written on the coin, at least not with the images provided. The number "39" is clear, but it could be the year 1939.
Then there's no real case for anything inexplicable.
Either a badly messed up original or a hoax.
Last edited by starman on Wed Oct 24, 2018 1:04 pm; edited 1 time in total
GarryB on Tue Oct 23, 2018 2:07 am
Anyone could mint a coin with anything you like on it and bury it in the ground.
For all we know it could have been a prop from a sci fi movie from the 1970s or 1980s...
kvs on Tue Apr 09, 2019 11:45 pm
If you thought poison ivy was bad. Australia is really a "land of wonders".
George1 on Fri Apr 12, 2019 12:44 am
Scientists reveal first image of black hole
The image was received as part of the Event Horizon Telescope project
MOSCOW, April 10. /TASS/. A multinational group of scientists has revealed the first ever image of a black hole, located in the M87 galaxy about 53.5 million light years away.
"In April 2017, all the dishes in the Event Horizon Telescope turned and stared at a galaxy 55 million light years away called M87 and the supermassive black hole at its core, and we are delighted to be able to report to you today that we have seen what we thought was unseeable. We have seen and taken a picture of a black hole," Sheperd Doeleman, of Harvard University and the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, told reporters at the National Press Club in Washington.
"We now have visual evidence for a black hole," he continued. "We now know that a black hole that weighs 6.5 billion times what our sun does exists in the center of M-87. This is the strongest evidence we have to date for the existence of black holes. It is also consistent … with Einstein’s predictions."
The image was received as part of the Event Horizon Telescope project, which united eight radio telescopes all over the world, including in the United States, Mexico, Chile, Spain and France. Russia did not take part in the project because it has no telescopes of the required class.
The project was launched to observe two super-massive black holes - SgrA* in the center of the Milky Way, some 26,000 light years away, and the object in the heart of the M87 galaxy (also known as Virgo A).
The observations were carried out in April 2017, but it took two years to process the data.
Discovery worthy of Nobel Prize
Vyacheslav Dokuchayev, a leading researcher at the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, described the project’s findings as "this year’s most prominent scientific discovery."
"The result is at the level of the Nobel Prize," he told the Ekho Moskva radio. "At last, we received a direct evidence of the existence of black holes. I think two or three people [from the team of scientists] are obvious candidates [for the Nobel Prize], this is one of the most complicated experiments in physics."
He expressed regret that Russia was not a part of the Event Horizon Telescope project.
"In order to take part in this project, a certain type of radio telescope is needed. Regretfully, Russia has no such telescopes, with a mirror of 15-20 meters in diameter," the scientist said.
Understanding the Universe
Another Russian scientist, Alexander Lutovinov, a deputy head of the Russian Space Research Institute, said the Event Horizon Telescope project proved that our concept of how the Universe works was correct.
"If astrophysics really managed to see the event horizon of a black hole - and, judging by today’s statements this is just the case - it means that our understanding of the Universe, of the Relativity Theory and physical laws is correct. This phenomenal discovery proves that our theories and our understanding of the world around us are correct," he said.
"If the information that was unveiled today will be confirmed - and so far there is no reason not to trust it - then we are witnessing a great discovery that proves the theory. We have received the first direct evidence of the existence of super-massive black holes… in centers of major galaxies," the Russian scientist added.
"Of course, it would be great if Russian scientists played major roles in similar projects," Lutovinov went on. "But achieving scientific progress and understanding how the Universe works requires powerful scientific equipment and instruments, and, therefore, serious investments are needed. So far, the Russian science cannot afford it.".
http://tass.com/science/1053137
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Back of the Envelope: How Much Might Scientology Spend on Winter Olympics Ads?
Earlier today, Tony Ortega posted an article about Scientology’s plans to air advertising in the Tampa market during the 2018 Winter Olympics. We do a quick back-of-the-envelope estimate of the amount that Scientology will spend and the size of the Scientologist audience that cult leader David Miscavige hopes to impress. Spoiler: unsurprisingly, it’s a costly boondoggle.
This post is an example of what may develop into a series of quick analyses of narrow facts. The proverbial back-of-the-envelope estimate is the result of applying a lot of different techniques to quickly assemble a directionally correct estimate to support a decision that needs to be reached quickly. Of course, it’s less precise than the result that can be achieved with a week or two of focused work.
If this turns into a series, we’ll use a ground rule for a back-of-the-envelope analysis as 30 minutes for research and writing the initial draft, to show how much you can find out fairly quickly. I hope you’ll enjoy learning about the thought process so you can use it in your own life, as well as gaining greater perspective on the subject.
Overall Winter Olympics Advertising Spending
NBC has said that it expects $1.4 billion in ad revenue from the 2018 winter Olympics. It says that this number should be slightly ahead of the spending from the 2014 games in Sochi, Russia, which were not terribly popular, due in part to the comedy surrounding the preparations for the site. In other words, it’s not going to be a huge victory for the network, which is locked into a multi-decade deal at a time when ratings for sports programming are in a state of long-term decline.
It’s important to note that the NBC numbers are for network ads, and don’t include figures for local spots, where local affiliates get most of the money. I’d estimate that this would generate another $600 million in ad spending, based on an assumption of 30% of ad slots reserved for affiliates, but at a higher rate than the discounted rate that large advertisers would pay the network for multiple insertions and for making “upfront” purchases years ago.
There’s a hint in Tony’s article that some local markets are trying to scrounge up advertisers to fill local slots, as evidenced by a tweet from a Denver ad sales rep reaching out to the cult to do a similar deal in his market. I wouldn’t expect Scientology to take up the NBC rep on his kind offer, as there are probably fewer than 100 Scientologists in the Denver media market.
If the Denver ad rep’s tweet is evidence that ad sales are soft, I’d expect the network (and the affiliates) to price Olympics slots at full price but give significant discounts out the back for future insertions on other programming, in order to keep Wall Street from bombing the stock of NBC parent Comcast on fears that Olympics-related revenues will fall short. The point is that I think ad rates are going to be stable for the Winter Olympics, even if demand is soft, and that the $2.0 billion ad spend estimate is reasonably solid; that number is the foundation of the estimated spend for Scientology’s campaign.
The Tampa metro area has a population of 3.0 million, according to recent census estimates. To get the size of the media market including the rural areas outside the core metro area, let’s assume another 1.0 million people. That 4.0 million population is almost exactly 1.25% of the US population of 322 million. Thus, the total ad spend to reach the Tampa market during the winter Olympics is about $25 million.
Scientology’s Potential Ad Bill
NBC has scheduled 176 hours of prime time coverage over the 21 days of the games. I’d expect this to be the focus of Scientology’s advertising. There are also several hundreds of hours of less popular sports (biathlon, luge, etc.) on NBC Sports Network and more on CNBC. They’re also promising 1,800 hours on streaming/internet, so no one need worry about missing any of the Croatian curling team’s matches.
If we assume that there are going to be 6 minutes per hour of advertising (consistent with the number of minutes on a prime-time sitcom), you’re looking at an average spend per spot in the Tampa area of about $23,000 per minute. If they’re broken up into 30-second spots, you’re looking at something closer to $15,000 per 30.
Thus, if Scientology advertises once per night on a 30-second spot, they’re looking at an ad bill of around $300,000; with 60-second spots, that number jumps to around $500,000. That will be substantially higher if they bid for premium spots, such as during the opening ceremonies, figure skating finals, etc.
The Impact of that Spending
In a blog post last week, I estimated that there are about 1,740 Scientologists in the Tampa metro area (excluding staff and Sea Org), which equals 0.06% of the metro area population and about 0.043% of the Tampa media market.
Miscavige is thus spending somewhere between $200 and $400 per Scientologist to keep up the illusion that the cult is doing great, expanding nicely, and is gaining respect in the world. That’s a hefty bill for not much return; we can presume with all the “crush regging” that goes on in Clearwater that there’s no incremental business to be gotten from the membership there beyond what they’re already getting.
Of course, the goal is to be able to claim this “stat” at a future event to buttress the claim to the assembled multitudes, just as much as it is to mollify local large donors.
It’s interesting, by the way, that there is no plan to include the LA market, which has only slightly fewer Scientologists than Clearwater, in the ad spending plans. It’s not clear why this is the case. Speaking purely speculatively, it is possible that the Tampa ad campaign is in response to concerns expressed by specific individuals in that market.
Should the cult decide to do a similar campaign in the LA market, I’d expect the numbers to be proportionally higher. The population of the “Greater LA” metro area (including Orange County, Riverside and San Bernardino counties, all a single media market) is about 18.7 million, so Scientology’s ad spend to hit that market would likely be in the $2 million to $4 million range, and it would likely reach a slightly lower Scientologist population, making it even more ineffective than the Tampa campaign.
They’re Not “Sponsoring” the Winter Olympics
Several comments on Tony’s blog have conflated advertising on Olympic programming with “sponsoring” the Olympics. There’s a very important distinction. Sponsors, such as Coca-Cola, Toyota, GE, Intel, etc., pay millions of dollars to be able to put the Olympic logo on their ads, products, etc. There are multiple sponsorship levels; advertisers can also sponsor the US Olympic Team overall, or can sponsor the team for a specific support (for example, the “official cough syrup supplier to the Finnish biathlon team”).
Advertising during the Olympics is not at all the same as sponsoring, though a majority of the network-level advertisers will be sponsors running Olympics-themed ads.
The term “sponsoring our programming” that WFLA uses to describe Scientology’s ad campaign is, in my view, running pretty close to the line. They’re not claiming that Scientology is an official sponsor of the Winter Olympics, merely “sponsoring” the broadcasts. Clearly, Scientology wants to conflate this minor distinction with the real deal of official sponsorship of an Olympic entity. I would guess that they’ll cross the line and use Olympic material in their internal promos.
The copyright police that protect the Olympics brand is ferocious. They make the Disney copyright police, normally thought of as the gold standard in copyright pit bulls, look like vascillating pansies. If Scientology were to imply in any way that they were “sponsoring” the Olympics, including using Olympic logos on internal mailings, I’d expect the Olympic copyright police to react quickly. Of course, if we see anything like that, dropping a dime to the 2018 Winter Olympics brand protection site might launch some amusing entertainment.
Author John P.Posted on February 1, 2018 Categories Analytical Reports, Back of the EnvelopeTags Advertising, Clearwater, Winter Olympics
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Cancer Research Journal
Vol. 7, Issue 2, Jun.
Vol. 6, Issue 4, Dec.
Home / Journals / Medicine, Health & Food / Cancer Research Journal / Article
Lymphocytopenia and Cytotoxic Therapy in Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2015, Pages: 47-51
Received: Apr. 13, 2015; Accepted: Apr. 25, 2015; Published: May 12, 2015
Alexei N. Shoutko, Laboratory of the development of radiation therapy methods, Federal Scientific Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
Ludmila E. Yurkova, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Federal Scientific Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
Kseniya S. Borodulya, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Federal Scientific Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
Ludmila P. Ekimova, Laboratory of the development of radiation therapy methods, Federal Scientific Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
The relationship between 5-year survival and the mean number of circulating lymphocytes during 1 month after beginning a combined therapy was investigated in 175 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer to understand why myelosuppression caused by a cytotoxic treatment is almost inseparable from its benefit. Patients received a combined therapy consisting of primary cytoreductive surgery followed by different systemic treatments according to three schemes: conventional chemotherapy with cisplatinum and cyclophosphanum (CP), conventional chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatinum (TP), or lower-half body irradiation (LHBI). The TP scheme included premedication with dexamethasone. The LHBI involve irradiation with a total dose of 9 Gy (3 Gy daily) in patients with primary disease. LHBI with a total dose of 1 Gy (0.1 Gy daily) was used for patients with primary disease or relapse. The LHBI treatment included five final courses of thiophosphamide/5-fluorouracil for patients with primary cancer or conventional local radiotherapy up to a total dose of 30 Gy (2 Gy daily) for relapsed patients. Survival curves were analyzed by exponential approximation, and 5-year exponential mortality rates were calculated. The mortality rates were compared with the relative decline in the mean number of circulating lymphocytes after 1 month of therapy. If pretreatment lymphocytopenia did not exceed 0.7 109 cells /L, a linear dependency of the exponential death rate from the relative deviation of cells in the range of 1.16 to 0.7 (p < 0.001) was observed. The inevitable side effect of cytotoxic cancer therapy in the form of lymphocytopenia sheds doubt on the actual existence of effective antineoplastic immunity; however, it provides a logical background of the morphogenic function of some circulating mononuclear cells in relation to proliferating tissues, including malignant tissues.
Cytotoxic Therapy, Death Rates, Lymphocytopenia, Myelosuppression, Ovarian Cancer, Survival
Alexei N. Shoutko, Ludmila E. Yurkova, Kseniya S. Borodulya, Ludmila P. Ekimova, Lymphocytopenia and Cytotoxic Therapy in Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer, Cancer Research Journal. Vol. 3, No. 3, 2015, pp. 47-51. doi: 10.11648/j.crj.20150303.11
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M. Akiyama and Y. Kusunoki, “Immune function,” in: Effects of A-bomb radiation on the human body, I. Shigematsu, C. Ito, N. Kamada, M. Akiyama, H. Sasaki, B. Harrison, Eds. Tokyo, Japan, Harwood academic publishers, Bunkodo Co.,1995, pp. 290-306.
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A. Shoutko, I. Akushevich, L. Ekimova, M. Karamullin, A. Yashin, “The terminal exhaustion of hematopoietic potentiality as universal cause of death,” Abstracts book of 38th Annual Meeting of the European Radiation Research Society held in Stockholm, Sweden on September 5 to 9, 2010, p. 187. www.docstoc.com/.../38th-Annual-Meeting-of-the-European-Radiation-...
C. Drapeau, Cracking the stem cell code: demystifying the most dramatic scientific breakthrough of our times. Hillsboro, Or, Goodwill Books USA, Sutton Hart Press / 1st. ed., 2010. http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Stem-Cell-Code-Miraculous/dp/098102095X
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Curve fitting project - pdf.io, pp. 1-4. dynsys.uml.edu/tutorials/Regression.../curve_fit_proj_101905.pdf
J. L. Loveland, (2011).Mathematical justification of introductory hypothesis tests and development of reference materials (M.Sc. (Mathematics). Utah State University, Retrieved April/2013. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=gradreports
F. Khalil, H. Cualing, J. Cogburn, and L. Miles, “The criteria for bone marrow recovery postmyelosuppressive therapy for acute myelogenous leukemia: a quantitative study,” Arch Pathol Lab Med, vol. 131(8), pp. 1281–1289, August 2007. PMID:17683190
T. M. Fliedner D. and H. Graessle, “Hematopoietic cell renewal systems: mechanisms of coping and failing after chronic exposure to ionizing radiation,” Radiat Environ Biophys, vol. 47(1), pp. 63–69, February 2008. doi:10.1007/s00411-007-0148-6
W. J. Hou , J. H. Guan, Q. Dong, Y. H. Han, and R. Zhang, “Dexamethasone inhibits the effect of paclitaxel on human ovarian carcinoma xenografts in nude mice,” Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, vol.17(21), pp. 2902-2908, Nov. 2013. PMID: 24254559
M. H. Magee, R. A. Blum, C. D. Lates, and W. J. Jusko, “Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for prednisolone inhibition of whole blood lymphocyte proliferation,” Br J Clin Pharmacol, vol. 53(5), pp. 474–484, May 2002. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01567.x PMCID: PMC1874371
R. W. Jang, V. B. Caraiscos, N. Swami, S. Banerjee, E. Mak, E. Kaya, G. Rodin, J. Bryson, J. Z. Ridley, L. W. Le, and C. Zimmermann, “Simple prognostic model for patients with advanced cancer based on performance status,” J of On Practice, vol. 10(5), pp. e335-e341, September 2014. doi: 10.1200/JOP.2014.001457
A. Shoutko, L. Ekimova, V. Mus, and V. Sokurenko, “Fluctuations of CD34 cells number in blood of cancer patients during final year of life,” Medical and Health Science Journal (MHSJ)/Acad. Publ. Platform, vol.13(4), pp. 7–13, December 2012. academicpublishingplatforms.com/article.php?.
A N. Shoutko and L P. Ekimova, “The impact of middle age on the viability of patients with nonmalignant and malignant diseases,” Cancer Research Journal, vol. 2(6), pp. 114-120, December 2014. doi: 10.11648/j.crj.20140206.14
A.N. Shoutko and L.P. Ekimova, “Abnormal tissue proliferation and life span variability in chronically irradiated dogs,” Radiat Environ Biophys, vol. 53(1), pp. 65-72, March 2014. doi: 10.1007/s00411-013-0504-7
J. Hur, H.-M. Yang, C.-H. Yoon, C.-S. Lee, K.-W. Park, J.-H. Kim, T.-Y. Kim, J.-Y. Kim, H.-J. Kang, I.-H. Chae, B.-H. Oh, Y.-B. Park, and H.-S. Kim, “Identification of a novel role of T cells in postnatal vasculogenesis. Characterization of endothelial progenitor cell colonies,” Circulation, vol. 116(15), pp. 1671-1682, October 2007. PMID:17909106
V. Cumar, A K Abbas, N Fausto, and J Astar, “Tissue renewal, regeneration, and repair,” in: Robins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease, 8th edition by V Sounders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2010, pp.79-110. http://www.us.elsevierhealth.com/media/us/samplechapters/9781437707922/Chapter%2003.pdf
L. Zucco, Q. Zhang, M. A. Kuliszewski, I. Kandic, M. E. Faughnan, D. J. Stewart, M. J. Kutryk, “Circulating angiogenic cell dysfunction in patients with hereditary hemorrhagictelangiectasia,” PLoS ONE, vol. 9(2), p. e89927, February 2014. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089927. PMCID: PMC3934937
A. N. Shutko, I. V. Akushevich, L. P. Ekimova, V. F. Mus, B. P. Sokurenko, L. E. Yurkova, and K. S. Matiurin, “The mechanism of the antitumor effect of total/subtotal radiotherapy with non-tumoricidal doses of radiation,” Voprosy onkologii, 59(4), pp. 475-478, Okt-Dec 2013. PMID 24032222
A. N. Shoutko and L. P. Ekimova, “Lymphocytopenia can contribute in common benefit of cytotoxic therapy of cancer,” Inter-Medical, №3, pp. 5-13, September 2014. www.intermedical.ru/zhurnaly/17-zhurnal-1/meditsinskie-nauki; http://inter-medical.ru/files/Arhiv/26-27.09.2014/inter3.pdf
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K. S. Tewari, J.J. Java, T.A. Gatcliffe, M.A. Bookman, and B.J. Monk, “Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia as a biomarker of survival in advanced ovarian carcinoma: an exploratory study of the gynecologic oncology group,” Gynecol Oncol, vol.133(3), pp. 439-45, March 2014. PMID:24657300; doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.013. Epub 2014 20.
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Country: Singapore Tag
09 Feb Governments in ASEAN should invest in SMEs’ internal capacity
Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) form the backbone of key South East Asian economies, accounting for the majority of total employment and an integral source of economic growth. As the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) gains momentum, the harmonisation of rules and procedures can help SMEs...
07 Feb New Year’s Party – 2017 Outlook
What will 2017 bring for the governments, businesses, and citizens of South-east Asia? We held our New Year's Party on Tuesday 7 Feb, focusing on what lies ahead for the region in the Year of the Rooster, featuring views from Mr Manu Bhaskaran, Founding Director...
27 Jan SIIA ranked among leading think tanks for fifth year running
The Singapore Institute of International Affairs (SIIA) has been ranked among the top Asian think tanks for the fifth year running. The 2016 Global Go To Think Tank Index by the University of Pennsylvania's Think Tanks and Civil Societies Programme rates some 7000 think tanks...
26 Jan SIIA Chairman Simon Tay on Singapore’s relations with China and the Trump Administration (Phoenix Television)
SIIA Chairman Simon Tay spoke with Phoenix Television on how Singapore and Asia are managing relations with China and the US. The interview aired on 20 Jan 2017, the day of US President Donald Trump's inauguration. Video of the segment is available at v.ifeng.com and...
23 Jan We’re all just trying to make sense of the middle
SIIA Chairman Simon Tay was interviewed on his latest collection of short stories, 'Middle & First'. This interview originally appeared in The Straits Times on 25 Dec 2016, and was republished by Star2, the lifestyle channel of The Star, on 23 Jan 2017. In this excerpt,...
17 Jan “Hate Spin”: Dr. Cherian George
On 17 Jan 2017, we held an evening talk with Dr. Cherian George on his latest book, Hate Spin: The Manufacture of Religious Offense and its Threat to Democracy. The session was part of our Global Citizens Singapore series, looking beyond traditional politics and economics...
14 Jan On the Record – Simon Tay, Author
SIIA Chairman Simon Tay was interviewed by 938LIVE's Bharati Jagdish on his work and his latest book, "Middle & First". The interview was aired on Friday 13 Jan. The full audio is available on SoundCloud and a brief video clip was posted by 938LIVE on Facebook....
11 Jan Is Singapore at risk of becoming a rentier society?
David Pilling, Africa editor at the Financial Times, was quoted in an editorial by Lee Su Shyan for The Straits Times on 11 Jan 2017. Mr. Pilling's comments were made at a Future50 dialogue organised by the SIIA in conjunction with SG50. The editorial in...
10 Jan Singapore, Green Finance and the Collaborative Challenge
The Singapore Management University (SMU), United Nations Environment (UNEP), and the Singapore Institute of International Affairs (SIIA) jointly organised a public event on ‘Singapore, Green Finance and the Collaborative Challenge’, on 10 Jan 2017. The session was attended by some 120 participants. This event was...
05 Jan SIIA Executive Director Nicholas Fang on We Are Majulah’s ‘The Good Word Project’
SIIA Executive Director Nicholas Fang was featured in a video for The Good Word Project, an initiative of We Are Majulah. We Are Majulah is a social movement that focuses on community and identity building initiatives in Singapore. The Good Word Project is a documentary...
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Home / Dale Earnhardt Jr. / Eldora Speedway / Five Question / Indianapolis Motor Speedway / Jeff Gordon / Kristen Schneider / NASCAR Sprint Cup Series / NASCAR XFINITY Series / Ryan Blaney / Tony Stewart / Shake Off the Dust: Five Questions for Indianapolis
Shake Off the Dust: Five Questions for Indianapolis
Kristen Schneider
Credit: Rainier Ehrhardt/NASCAR via Getty Images
Despite the belief that it was impossible, last week’s craziness was upstaged by this week’s antics. Not much happened except that the sport’s most popular star is out for two more weeks, one of the biggest races is coming up, and the Camping World Truck Series raced on dirt.
Nothing too crazy.
As the Sprint Cup and Xfinity Series head to Indianapolis Motor Speedway, I’m asking questions about more dirt races, Dale Earnhardt Jr.’s impact, Jeff Gordon and more.
Do we need more dirt races in NASCAR? No. The answer is no. As much as I enjoyed the Aspen Derby on Wednesday night, we don’t need to throw Xfinity and Sprint Cup cars on dirt. The aero packages for the top two series aren’t near perfect yet, and people want to put stock cars on dirt? No, just no. It’s a CWTS exclusive – as it should be.
Can someone save the Xfinity Chase? So, the season is half over, and it's time for teams to focus on the impending Chase. For those in the Xfinity Series, teams in the top 12 don’t even have to worry; basically, everyone makes the championship field. Due to the series’ lack of competition, only three series regulars have won – and they all drive for Cup-affiliated teams. Currently, Kaulig Racing driver Blake Koch sits in 12th, 197 points out of the lead. That’s great for the small team, don’t get me wrong, but it cheapens the Chase idea when you have only three drivers getting in on wins.
With that in mind, I wonder if a Xfinity regular can salvage this playoff format and grab a victory this weekend. Sadly, it’s very unlikely. Kyle Busch, Joey Logano and Kevin Harvick are all on the entry list. Even Paul Menard, a former Brickyard 400 winner, is running the Xfinity race. I need another series regular – preferably someone who hasn’t won yet in 2016 – to prove to me this series needs the Chase. I need proof, and I’m not optimistic that it will come this weekend.
Should other athletes follow Earnhardt Jr.’s lead? Dale Earnhardt Jr. will sit out the next two races, with Jeff Gordon filling in. The decision came after the Hendrick Motorsports driver experienced nausea and balance issues this past week. Although it’s heartbreaking to see him sit out more races, it’s the safest thing for him to do. He has received much praise for putting his health first, which marks a historic moment for athletes in professional sports. Many athletes may feel bound by their contracts and play through serious – or even life-altering – injuries. The situation with Earnhardt Jr. and owner Rick Hendrick shows what happens when owners care about the athlete’s well-being rather than their results. This is also proof that athletes need to listen to their bodies. No athlete should be afraid to sit out a game or race because of possible repercussions. As much as I love this sport, that’s all it is – a sport. There will be other races for Earnhardt Jr. to run once he’s healed. I wish him a speedy recovery, and I hope other athletes follow suit.
How will Gordon perform in first race since retirement? Hey, so this Gordon kid filling in for Earnhardt Jr. is pretty freakin’ good. His return to the racetrack stems from terrible circumstances, making it difficult to enjoy the moment. However, you have to think about how much butt he’s going to kick at Indy. In his first race not in the No. 24, Gordon is one of the favorites on Sunday. Will he have to shake off the dust? I doubt it; it’s not like he’s been shelved for 10 years. He can get back in the groove during the practice sessions. The No. 88 team knew Gordon would wheel the car, so they should be well prepared for this race and next weekend at Pocono Raceway. He will be competitive, there’s no doubt about that. Welcome back, Jeff.
Who will smooch the bricks on Sunday? Ah, the Brickyard 400, one of NASCAR’s “crown jewel” events. It will be interesting to see how the racing compares to years past – but it will be even more interesting to watch who prevails. As previously mentioned, Gordon will be stout in the No. 88. If he doesn’t contend for the win, it’s due to a pit road issue or an accident. Another competitor with a strong chance for victory? Tony Stewart. He's gotten hotter and hotter since his win at Sonoma Raceway. A legit championship threat, Stewart’s final Indy race could end in another victory. If I have to choose between the two future Hall of Famers, I have to go with Stewart.
Now, there’s always a dark horse, and mine is Ryan Blaney. He’s had some strong moments over the past few weeks, and the results don’t show it. The No. 21 team is near the Chase cutoff, and this could be where they have a solid weekend. History will be made this weekend, and one of 40 drivers will make a permanent mark.
Shake Off the Dust: Five Questions for Indianapolis Reviewed by Kristen Schneider on Friday, July 22, 2016 Rating: 5
Tags Dale Earnhardt Jr. X Eldora Speedway X Five Question X Indianapolis Motor Speedway X Jeff Gordon X Kristen Schneider X NASCAR Sprint Cup Series X NASCAR XFINITY Series X Ryan Blaney X Tony Stewart
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How the SLPOTY competition was put to work to promote photography
Home / News / How the SLPOTY competition was put to work to promote photography
News / July 7, 2015 / No Comment
How SLPOTY was put to work
It’s been 6 months since the winners of the inaugural Scottish Landscape Photographer of the Year competition were announced and I’m delighted to say that the response has been overwhelmingly positive. Photography competitions are great vehicles for raising awareness and raising profiles and I’d like to show you how all the money was used to promote the competition, raise those photographers profiles and promote Scotland.
From running my own groups and teaching photography, I learned how difficult it is for talented photographers to get noticed. When I launched the SLPOTY competition last year, I set out with the aim of raising the profiles of these talented photographers, whilst promoting Scotland to the world as a top destination for landscape photography. My aim was also to run a “true” photographer of the year competition (rather than a photograph of the year competition) where the overall winner would be chosen based on a portfolio of images. But, I also wanted to include categories for the single best in class image and this was the case for the landscape, seascape and urban categories. This allowed photographers from all genres of landscape photography to enter and provided the vehicle for raising awareness of less common views of Scotland to the world.
The competition was around 2 years in the planning but proved extremely difficult to get off the ground. With nothing more than an idea on paper, obtaining sponsorship from companies was proving impossible, so I decided the only way forward was to fund what I could out of my own pocket. This was a scary decision for me, but turned out to be a positive move. It showed I was serious and as a result, I was able to secure the sponsorship of Academy Class and Formatt HiTech, who genorously put up the fantastic prizes for each of the categories. I also managed to secure valuable support from VisitScotland who helped me launch the competion. My immense thanks goes to all the sponsors for their support, and for believing in me.
At this point I should mention that the set up costs for the competition were considerable with the majority taken up with the website and competition software (see image chart above). Competition judging software is very expensive, requires intergration and is subject to commission and transaction fees. (My time and expenses such as fuel costs, materials etc are not shown in the chart because I haven’t been paid back for those.)
With sponsorship secured I was able to proceed with the planned launch for the autumn of 2014. However, launching the competition during this particular time was not the best. The Scottish referendum was taking place and and it was virtually impossible to get any mainstream media exposure at all. As a result, the competition launch was postponed till 25th September and I was able to get coverage in Amateur Photographer and some of the Scottish local newspapers.
Because the media exposure was not what I had hoped for and the referendum analysis was still ongoing, it meant I had to invest time and money on social media in order to get the word out. As limited as the budget was, it proved effective and when the competition closed on 25th November, I was genuinely delighted by the number of entrants that took part.
The next phase was the judging, and at this point, I’d like to once again thank all the judges; Joel Tjintjelaar, Mark Young and Sathpal Singh. Please note that each of them gave their time for free. After the lengthy period of judging, the winners were announced on 16th January 2015 with Craig Aitchison taking the overall prize.
Once judging was complete and before the announcement, the winners had to be informed and confirmed they accepted before the book could be designed. The fees from entries were used to purchase the competition book. Producing a book itself is very expensive unless it is outsourced to overseas and a very large quanity is ordered. This was not possible and the aim was to keep the book printing within the UK to support UK businesses. The book also had to be produced to be under 1kg to allow for Royal mail postage fees. A short order run was placed for the competition books and produced in hardback format. Book design was carried out free of charge keeping costs down.
Book sales have been good (almost sold out). 50% of the photographers showcased bought the book and the rest being bought by members of the public. Thanks go to all those who supported the competition by purchasing the book. Proceeds from the book will be put towards prize money and new awards for SLPOTY 2015 which reopens on 25th September. An eBook has been produced which not only showcases the winners and the commended images but also includes an extra 200 images from those photographers who were shortlisted. It was not possible to include the shortlist in the printed book but I wanted the shortlisted photographers to gain exposure from the eBook.
Since the announcement of the winners, it was left to organise exhibitions. A total of 6 exhibitions have been secured and two are currently running at the RSGS in Perth and Castle Stalker View in Appin.The purpose of the exhibitions is to raise the profiles of the photographers further, as well as that of the competition. The benefits of the exhibition are many and for a small entry fee to the competition, photographers are benefitting from their work being shown to a very wide audience across Scotland. (Currently, the feedback from tourists is genuinely fantastic.) It also shows future entrants that the competition is being put to work for the photographers and this is something for future entrants to aspire to.
One of the best things about the exhibition is how it raises the awareness of unknown locations to tourists. I have personally spent time speaking with many tourists at the current exhibitions and they have been keen to visit these locations for themselves. Indeed, one tourist came over from Holland especially to buy 3 copies of the book and others have contacted me with selfies taken at the locations in the book.
At the time of writing, the exhibitions have been running for a few weeks but the feedback from the general public is overwhelmingly positive. There have been great deal of enquiries to purchase the work of photographers on display and these have been passed to the photographers. As the tourist season comes in to peak season during July to October, it is hoped that there will be many more enquiries and this will boost the profiles of the photographers. Credit for the feedback must (obviously) go to the photographers but credit is also due for the quality of the printing. I took the decision to have all the images printed on the highest quality fine art papers and this proved to be a good decision. Because the printing was so expensive from the online retailers, I took the decision to do the printing myself. The printing took around 3 weeks to complete and mount to exhibition standard which was a task in itself. The feedback from the general public has been particularly positive in this regard and the quality of the print and the paper has resulted in many enquiries.
The costs of producing prints for any exhibition (let alone 6) are extremely expensive and I cannot stress this enough. All 140 images had to be printed and mounted at minimum A3 to A1 size, plus panoramic images. The average cost of an A2 print on fine art paper is around £70 from the online retailers so it gives an idea of the costs involved. In addition to this, some prints may be damaged at exhibitions and will have to be replaced, again adding to the costs.
Photographers were offered the opportunity to sell their prints at the exhibitions via subsidised printing costs offered by the competition. A small number of photographers took the opportunity to sell their images. Profits from sales go direct to the photographers. To make up the shortfall, I offered some of my prints for sale at the exhibitions with profits from their sale going back to the competition prize fund.
Whilst I initially had to fund the cost of the exhibitions, the excellent news is that Fotospeed have genorously sponsored the fine art papers for the remainder of the exhibitions. This is truly fantastic news and had it not been for their support, it would not have been possible to hold the 6 exhibitions that are planned. I would like to express my sincere thanks to Fotospeed for their support. The remaning exhibitions will now be printed on Fotospeed’s Platinum Etching Signature paper, which is the gold standard for exhibition prints.
As I’ve already mentioned above, the time and money involved in putting together the competition has been considerable and without the support of sponsors, it would not have been possible. Please, if you can, take a moment to visit their respective websites or social media pages and give a like. I’ve attached a simplified graph (above) of the costs involved and these have been independently verified. As you will see, the competition spent a great deal more than it received but this included investment for the future. Investment is neccessary in any startup and I fully intend to grow it into something bigger and better in 2015. There are new sponsors and exciting new awards to be announced for the competition in 2015 so watch out for any announcements over the coming months.
Finally, whilst the competition has been immensely challenging for me to put together, it has been a privilige and I’d like to thank everyone who took part. I look forward to seeing more stunning images for 2015 and I wish everyone the very best of luck.
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Transport disasters in Egypt •
Road transport in Egypt •
Road accidents by country
Road accidents in Egypt
Road accident deaths in Egypt
2008 Egyptian bus accident
Ian Brownlie
Sir Ian Brownlie CBE QC FBA (19 September 1932, Liverpool – 3 January 2010, Cairo) was a British practising barrister, specialising in international law. After an education at Hertford College,...
Niki Marangou
Asmahan
Amal al-Atrash (Arabic: آمال الأطرش Āmāl al-Aṭrash; 25 November 1912 – 14 July 1944), better known by her stage name Asmahan (أسمهان Asmahān), was an Arab Druze singer and actress of ...
Asmahan - Wikipedia
El Kassasin Accident
Sinai bus crash
The Sinai bus crash was a bus accident in the Sinai Peninsula in August 2006 which left twelve Israeli tourists dead. The tourists, who were Israeli Arabs, were riding a chartered bus as part of a co...
Bus accidents in Egypt
Gottfried von Cramm
Gottfried Alexander Maximilian Walter Kurt Freiherr von Cramm (English: Baron Gottfried von Cramm, [ˈɡɔtˌfʀiːt fɔn ˈkʁam]; 7 July 1909, Nettlingen – 8 November 1976), was a German amateur tennis champ...
Gottfried von Cramm - Wikipedia
Manfalut railway accident
Yahya Taher Abdullah
Yahya Taher Abdullah (Arabic: يحيى الطاهر عبد الله) (born in Karnak in 1938, died April 9, 1981) was an Egyptian writer.Abdullah grew up in Upper Egypt but moved to Cairo in 1964 at the age of 28. One...
Ahmed Hassanein
Ahmed Hassanein Pasha, (Arabic: أحمد حسنين باشا) (31 October 1889 – 19 February 1946) or Aḥmad Moḥammad Makhlūf Ḥasanēn al-Būlākī (Arabic: أحمد محمد مخلوف حسنين البولاقى) was...
Ahmed Hassanein - Wikipedia
Level crossing accidents in Egypt
Alex Jackson (footballer born 1905)
Alexander Skinner Jackson (12 May 1905 – 15 November 1946) was a Scottish footballer.Alex Jackson was born in Renton in 1905. A highly talented winger, known as the Gay Cavalier, he was particularly a...
Ali Ibrahim - Wikipedia
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LUKOIL in the Republic of Serbia
LUKOIL in Serbia
PJSC LUKOIL has been operating in the Republic of Serbia since 2003, when it signed a privatization agreement with Beopetrol to acquire 79 percent of its shares. Its LUKOIL Serbia AD subsidiary now stands among the country’s 20 largest companies.
By constantly investing in the upgrades of existing and construction of new gas station complexes, the Company has built a state-of-the-art and efficient retail network comprising at the end of 2015 138 stations, and has established itself as a reliable supplier of petroleum products in Serbia. In addition to retail marketing of petroleum products, the Company is engaged in wholesale supply of LUKOIL petroleum products and motor oils.
Company Presence
ЛУКОЙЛ СРБИJA АД Београд Marketing
End of May 2005
An opening ceremony for the first newly reconstructed retail facility under LUKOIL’s brand in Serbia - an Avalski Put gas station - was held in Belgrad.
An opening ceremony for LUKOIL’s office was held in New Belgrade, attended by PJSC LUKOIL’s President Vagit Alekperov.
LUKOIL launched and completed the reconstruction of the majority of obsolete gas stations in its network. It also invested large amounts in the upgrading of its facilities and constructed four new gas stations: one on the highway leading to the Nicola Tesla Airport in Belgrade; two on Temerisnki Put and Kisacka Streets in the city of Novi Sad; and one in Irig area in the Vojvodina Region. In addition to the new corporate appearance, LUKOIL’s retail facilities received the most cutting-edge equipment cimpliant with the highest environmental standards.
Under its investment program, the Company continued to build retail complexes along the major highways and in large cities, including: Minut levo gas station on the highway near the city of Novi Sad; Dovanovci gas station in the southern section of the Šid-Belgrade highway; Mediana and Jastrebac gas stations in Niš; and Bistriţa gas station in Novi Sad. It also built new complexes at the sites of old stations, such as: Mihajlovac-1 and Mihajlovac-2 on the Belgrad-Niš highway; Prvomajska gas station in Belgrade; Božidara Adžije gas station in Niš, and others.
The Company began to outsource the management of its retail facilities to dealers. Employees working at these facilities were given an opportunity to take a gas station into dealership and start their own business.
The first Agreement between PJSC LUKOIL and the International Association of PJSC LUKOIL’s Trade Unions made up of the employees of LUKOIL’s entities operating overseas, was signed in LUKOIL’s office in Belgrade, an unprecedented step in international contractual practice. The signatories to the Agreement were PJSC LUKOIL’s President Vagit Alekperov and Chairman of the Association’s Council Georgii Kiradiev.
Early in the year, the Company reconstructed a pier along the Sava River making it part of the bulk plant in Ostružnica (in the suburbs of Belgrade). It also replaced the old pontoon with a new multifunctional transfer facility and renewed the old engineering service lines. The bulk plant is now one of the most advanced of its kind in Serbia, especially as regards its environmental profile, and can be accessed by deep-draft vessels and barges even in low-water periods.
The Company completed the dealership hand-over process for LUKOIL’s gas stations in Serbia. The entire process was carried out in close cooperation with the Company’s representative trade unions. Thanks to that initiative, over 80 percent of gas stations ended up under the management of former LUKOIL’s employees, and a large number of former employees continued to work at LUKOIL’s facilities.
LUKOIL marked its 10 years of operations in Serbia.
New kinds of LUKOIL-branded ECTO motor fuels went on sale at gas stations.
The Company carried out large-scale works to revitalize its retail network and storage facilities. As part of its brand recognition improvement program, the Companyconducted works at 95 facilities to bring in the course of two years the interior and exterior of all gas stations in line with its corporate style and standards. It also carried out works at different industrial process systems and replaced obsolete equipment at 67 gas stations. During the same period, as part of its system upgrading program, the Company took comprehensive steps to introduce a new corporate management system, Petronix, within its retail network comprising 111 gas stations in all regions of Serbia.
The Company signed an agreement with the city of Belgrade for 2016 to finance various initiatives in such fields as culture, science and sports, as well as environmental and charity projects.
LUKOIL launched its loyalty program.
SOCIAL AND CHARITY PROJECTS
Being a socially-oriented company, LUKOIL has been providing all kinds of assistance and support to local educational and healthcare institutions, orphanages, sporting events since its first day in the Serbian market, and strives to support projects intended to protect the country's rich cultural and spiritual heritage and promote intercultural dialog.
In 2011, following PJSC LUKOIL's initiative and with its financial support, Serbia hosted, for the first time in its history, a concert of the internationally acclaimed Tchaikovsky Grand Symphony Orchestra, which became a major music event for the country.
In 2013, under the auspices of the LUKOIL Sport Club and PJSC LUKOIL, Serbia hosted a qualifying football tournament of the 2013 LUKOIL Children's Champion Cup. LUKOIL Children's Champion Cup is held annually in different countries across the globe under the slogan "Play against racism". This competition brings together many football clubs, national associations and members of the Football Against Racism in Europe (FARE) network.
Over the course of many years, the Company has been cooperating with the Belgrade University's Economics Department to promote science and business.
To make the planning of its social and charity projects as effective as possible, the Company has been developing cooperation with local authorities and NGOs. For example, LUKOIL Serbia AD has a Cooperation Agreement with the Belgrade city's Administration to jointly single out projects they would provide support to.
OUR GEOGRAPHY
LUKOIL’S ASSETS AROUND THE WORLD
1%of proved oil reserves
2%of crude oil production
2%of crude oil refining
63 Russian regions
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Steve's Homepage › General Chatter › General news stories and stuff ‹ Previous topic | Next topic ›
Muslim Public Loo Fury (Read 2931 times)
Muslim Public Loo Fury
Jul 15th, 2010, 10:58am
But locals have blasted them as a waste of cash. One angry resident, Ellen Dean, 49, fumed: “I work in a bookies here and everyone who comes in is up in arms about them.
“They are totally unnecessary. Even the majority of the Muslims here don’t seem to want them.
“Most of the people of Rochdale won’t be able to use them and I guarantee elderly people will be totally confused by them.”
Cleaner Scott Hewitt, 36, added: “No-one can understand the point of these, they’re just a joke.
“A lot of the Muslims I know would be too embarrassed to use them.
“It’s like something from a Third World country.”
Even Rochdale councillor Daalat Ali said: “I’m a Muslim myself and I’ve never wanted anything different to anyone else. I don’t know why they’ve come up with this idea.”
The pans were installed after centre management attended a “cultural” training course with community activist Ghulam Rasul Shahzad.
Shahzad, an ex-Rochdale Council training officer, runs courses on “cultural understanding and community cohesion”.
He took shopping centre manager Lorenzo O’Reilly on a tour around the town’s Central Mosque, even showing him the loos. And Mr O’Reilly decided to provide one squat hole in the ladies’ and one in the gents’ for “cultural reasons”.
Mr Shahzad said: “The management were very committed to improving the service they offered to the community.
“We always work together to understand each other from both sides and find a balance. That is the beauty of Rochdale. That is why I am proud to be a Rochdalian.”
A spokeswoman for the shopping centre said: “When we were planning the toilets, this was something that cropped up.
“We think they’re the first in the country to be put in a shopping centre.”
In 2007 bakery giant Greggs installed similar toilets at their Scottish headquarters, despite the fact that no Muslims worked there.
2010-07-15_094444.png (290 downloads)
Don't steal The government hates competition
Media Exchange Member
Re: Muslim Public Loo Fury
Reply #1 - Jul 15th, 2010, 1:46pm
i would fall down that....i just know it
why rest on your laurels when you can rest on your hardys!
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Traxy Thornfield 29 May 2012 5 Weeks - 5 Themes, Film Reviews, Top 250
Film review: The Shining (1980), directed by Stanley Kubrick
The Overlook Hotel is a big and distinguished old establishment that closes for the winter. It simply costs too much to keep it open, because it’s in such a remote spot that keeping the roads clear of snow is futile. So the owners close it down every winter and has someone stay there and look after it, make sure to keep the pipes running and so on.
This particular winter, Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson) and his wife Wendy (Shelley Duvall) and son Danny (Danny Lloyd) take up residence. Jack is a former alcoholic trying to write a novel, so the peace and quiet of a winter at Overlook is just what he’s looking for. He’s not even put off by hearing that one of his predecessors got cabin fever one winter and slaughtered his family.
While the Torrances are shown around, Danny gets talking with a nice old man called Dick Hallorann (Scatman Crothers). Or rather, Hallorann is the one doing most of the talking. It seems that the two have a thing in common, something Hallorann’s mother used to call ‘the Shining’, being able to talk telepathically to other humans, and also be extra sensitive to the energy of different places. The Overlook Hotel doesn’t exactly give off good vibrations …
As winter draws in, so do Danny’s frightening visions … and his father’s insanity.
Based on the book by Stephen King, Stanley Kubrick’s adaptation of The Shining comes in at #48 on the IMDb Top 250 list. And I’m not entirely sure why.
I’ve not read a lot of Stephen King, I have to admit, because when I was in a phase of reading the horror section of my local library, I opted for Dean R Koontz instead … because his books weren’t two-inch bricks in two parts. “I want to read It, because I’ve seen some of that on telly! *sees all 4″ of book in shelf* …On second thought, sod that!” So no, I’ve not read this one. I have heard, however, that Stephen King didn’t like this adaptation, because it wasn’t really true to the book. When I saw another adaptation, a 1990s miniseries, which apparently is closer to the book, I enjoyed it very much. It was spooky. This … isn’t.
The problem I have with Stephen King adaptations (like I said, I can’t really say a lot about the books) is that they tend to be about blood gushing from places where blood doesn’t normally gush. Lifts (The Shining), sinks (It), falling buckets (Carrie), and so on. That’s not scary, that’s just … disturbing, possibly. Oh wow, lots of red liquid, I’m terrified, not. The twins Danny keeps seeing, that works better, but it’s still just a big house where Jack Torrance slowly goes out of his tiny mind and becomes a homicidal maniac. (Oops, does that give it away? Sorry.)
It doesn’t give me goosebumps or makes me realise I need to breathe. It’s a fascinating story about a man’s descent into madness, but that’s about it. The child cycles around on a tricycle and talks to his imaginary friend, and Hysterical Woman is hysterical. I understand that your husband turning into a homicidal, axe-wielding maniac is traumatic and frightens the life out of you, but for goodness sake, would you stop screaming for five seconds and do something before he chops the life out of you instead?! You have a child to protect!
Thank goodness for Hallorann, who is both sympathetic and wise. What a bloke. Good man. Definitely my favourite character.
Could the characters have been played by other actors? Sure. Not difficult to play a screaming victim. Jack Nicholson made a very good Jack Torrance, though. Probably the most memorable thing about the whole film, to be honest. Intense malice, thinly veiled insanity, anger management issues … Very well played. The setting is rather epic too, but the film as a whole feels like it takes too long to get anywhere, and for a film about a haunted house that haunts people, there’s not enough eerie buildup. It’s just resorting to cheap shock tactics and while it’s a pretty good film, there are so many things I don’t like about it.
3.5 out of 5 hedge labyrinths.
1980 Danny Lloyd Jack Nicholson Scatman Crothers Shelley Duvall spirits Stanley Kubrick Stephen King
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Pushing Back the Clock
Category: Newsletter Library, Senior Health
Many people experience lapses in memory as they get older. Every so often, it may become frustratingly difficult or even temporarily impossible to recall a particular word or a specific person's name. A person might commit a phone number to memory and then immediately forget it. Of course, everyone is
Just like the well-known, best-selling American truck, your body is built to last. But if it's built to last, why do so many people have serious problems with their bodies? If a human body is built to last, why does it seem to break down so easily? The pharmaceutical industry earns billions of dollars
Getting Fit at Fifty and Beyond
What if you used to be really fit and now you're not? What if, as the years have gone by, you've added a couple of pounds here and there, and you suddenly notice you're 30 pounds heavier than you were at your 10th high school reunion? Or, what if you've never enjoyed the idea of exercising, exercise
Bob Barker, beloved host of The Price Is Right, recently made headlines by announcing his retirement after 35 years. "Barker irreplaceable!" blared the entertainment tabloids. And yet, Mr. Barker celebrated his 82nd birthday a few months ago.Eighty-two! Who really are the "seniors" among us? And what
When Parents Get Older
The average age of Americans is increasing year-by-year. Approximately 77 million babies were born in the United States during the boom years of 1946 to 1964. In 2011, the oldest will turn 65, and on average can expect to live to 83. Many will continue well into their 90s. Most people continue to retain
Key to Senior Fitness: Chiropractic Care, Healthy Lifestyle
Over the hill at age 65? Ready for the rocker at 70? Not these days. Americans are living longer and making more of their later years. One key is exercise. "Perhaps the most debilitating influence in people's health as they age is a sedentary life," said Dr. Jerome McAndrews, national spokesperson
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Game Thread: New York Yankees @ Chicago Cubs 5/5
Afternoon baseball in Chicago is about as American as it gets but having the New York Yankees join those Chicago Cubs on a Friday afternoon inside Wrigley Field… well that’s just awesome and I don’t care who you are. The Yankees and the Cubs kick off their three-game weekend set this afternoon with a stellar pitching matchup that pits Michael Pineda for New York against Kyle Hendricks for Chicago. The game will be played at 2:20 pm ET inside Wrigley Field and can be seen on the YES Network, MLB Network and MLB TV. You can also follow along with the game at work like I am or in your cars by tuning into WFAN.
Follow us on Twitter by giving @GreedyStripes a follow. Enjoy the game and Go Yankees!
Posted by Daniel Burch at 2:00 PM No comments:
Labels: @GreedyStripes, Chicago Cubs, Daniel Burch, Game Thread, John Sterling, Kyle Hendricks, Michael Pineda, MLB Network, MLB TV, New York Yankees, Suzyn Waldman, Twitter, WFAN, Wrigley Field, YES Network
Yankees Statistical Leaders Through 26 Games
It’s hard to believe but before this afternoon’s game with the Chicago Cubs the New York Yankees have already played in a whopping 26 games this season. Aaron Judge has 13 home runs in those 26 games and the Yankees are riding high at the top of the American League East Division. Whether the team can keep up the pace and whether Judge can hit more home runs than Barry Bonds did in 2001, 73 which is a single-season record and a record that Judge is on pace to match or surpass, is a discussion for another day. Instead we’ll just focus on the statistical leaders for the major categories for New York this season as we wait for first pitch inside Wrigley Field here in just a couple hours. Enjoy.
The Yankees Offense
At Bats:
Starlin Castro leads the team with 105 at-bats.
Starlin Castro has played in all 26 games thus far this season.
It’s the Starlin Castro show ladies and gentleman as he also leads the team with 38 hits.
Doubles:
Chase Headley has ended up on second base eight times already after taking his turn at the dish.
Aaron Judge leads the world and the universe right now with 13 home runs.
A lot of home runs equate to a lot of RBI generally and Judge leads the team with 27 of them.
Batting Average:
Starlin Castro one more time with a .362 average.
The Yankees Pitching
Masahiro Tanaka has four wins. Happy Tanaka Day.
Luis Severino is the only Yankees pitcher in the bullpen or rotation with two losses. Everyone else has either none or just one loss.
ERA:
Starters: Michael Pineda 3.14.
Bullpen: Chasen Shreve 0.00 in three games and Adam Warren 0.63 in eight games.
Strikeouts:
Starters: Michael Pineda 37 K’s.
Bullpen: Dellin Betances has 17 K’s in a third of the innings Pineda has.
Aroldis Chapman has six saves. No brainer here though.
Shutouts:
Masahiro Tanaka has the Yankees only shutout this season thus far.
Posted by Daniel Burch at 12:00 PM No comments:
Labels: Aaron Judge, Aroldis Chapman, Baseball Reference, CC Sabathia, Dellin Betances, Didi Gregorius, Gary Sanchez, Greg Bird, Jordan Montgomery, Michael Pineda, MiLB, New York Yankees, Starlin Castro, Stats
I Left My Heart In San Fran…I mean, Chicago!…
Credit: Brian Cassella/Chicago Tribune
ChiTown is spreading the love for our second baseman, Starlin Castro. From comments by Cubs manager Joe Maddon “He was a great teammate here” to current Cubs players like Anthony Rizzo “He played hard and played every day”, the warm accolades about Castro are overflowing in the Chicago papers. As Rizzo went on to say, “He was here for a while and part of this two-year run. But I’m sure he was pulling for us. I’m sure it would have been great for him to be a part of it, too, but I think a little part of him was.”
The Cubs will honor Castro before today’s game at Wrigley Field as a thank you for his contributions while a long-time member of the Cubs organization. From the 2010 to 2015 seasons, Castro played in 891 games and batted .281/.321/.404. He hit 62 home runs with 363 RBI’s and 75 stolen bases.
I am sure that it will be tough for Castro to watch Adam Warren and Aroldis Chapman accept their World Series rings from Cubs President Theo Epstein and Maddon, considering he was part of the rebuilding effort that led to the championship run. He played six seasons in Chicago’s North Side, while you could piece together only one season collectively for Warren and Chapman (if you include Warren’s time in the minors).
Credit: Jonathan Danie/Getty Images
I fully expect a loud and rousing ovation for Castro when he comes to bat for the first time today. He has always said the right things about his time in Chicago and I don’t think I really understood before how willing Castro was to accept the position change from shortstop to second base during his final months as a Cub. It had to have been a huge letdown but he didn’t complain or argue. He embraced the change and has continued to improve as a second baseman.
I am very happy that he’ll be recognized by the city of Chicago and Cubs fans. But of course, once the first pitch is thrown, he is a Yankee and his job will be to beat the Cubs.
While three Yankees will be having fun reminiscing, one Yankee returns to the field of his arch-rival. With so many years in St Louis as a member of the Cardinals, Wrigley Field is like a Yankee setting foot on Fenway Park turf for Matt Holliday. He’ll have no trouble going to war when the games begin.
Credit: Getty Images
It will also be interesting to see how Chapman does. I don’t expect any spillover from his negative comments about his handling by Joe Maddon in the World Series (the two have apparently talked and mended fences since then, plus Chapman was right). I think Aroldis will be a pro when he takes the mound. He played a huge role in getting the Cubs to the World Series and certainly deserves the ring he’ll receive.
Credit: Jon Durr/Getty Images
I forgot to mention Yankees manager Joe Girardi as this is a homecoming for him too. A Chicagoland native, he is also a former Cub (1989-1992, 2000-2002). I am sure that he’ll have fun visiting with friends and family. When I think of Girardi and the Cubs, it always reminds me of a very tragic day. On June 22, 2002, Girardi, then the Cubs catcher, took the microphone to speak to the Wrigley Field crowd moments after a game with the Cardinals was scheduled to begin. A very emotional Girardi spoke the words “I thank you for your patience. We regret to inform you because of a tragedy in the Cardinals family, the Commissioner has cancelled the game today. I ask you to say a prayer for the St Louis Cardinals family.” The crowd was silenced. The name had not yet been released but we subsequently found out that Cardinals pitcher Darryl Kile had been found dead (heart disease) in his hotel room. I have always admired Girardi for how he handled the situation that day even though he didn’t know Kile.
Among the Coaching Staff, Yankees pitching coach Larry Rothschild was the long-time pitching coach for the Cubs prior to his arrival in New York (from 2002 to 2010). Bullpen coach Mike Harkey played for the Cubs in 1988 and 1990-1993.
Here are the pitching match-ups for the Yankees-Cubs series:
NYY: Michael Pineda (3-1, 3.14 ERA)
CHC: Kyle Hendricks (2-1, 4.18 ERA)
NYY: Jordan Montgomery (1-1, 4.15 ERA)
CHC: Brett Anderson (2-1, 6.23 ERA)
NYY: Luis Severino (2-2, 3.86 ERA)
CHC: Jon Lester (1-1, 3.67 ERA)
Gary Sanchez is expected to be activated before today’s game. He is the one guy capable of stealing ratings away from The Aaron Judge Show. It’s going to be so much fun watching those two in the lineup together again. It’s an awesome time to be a Yankees fan!
Credit: Seth Wenig/AP
Have a great Friday! Let’s show the World Champions that we can play this game!
Labels: Aaron Judge, Adam Warren, Aroldis Chapman, Chicago, Cubs, Darryl Kile, Gary Sanchez, Joe Maddon, Matt Holliday, Starlin Castro, Wrigley Field, Yankees
Game Preview: New York Yankees @ Chicago Cubs 5/5
How’s this for a historic matchup? The New York Yankees are fresh off their off day yesterday and heading to the Windy City of Chicago to take on the Chicago Cubs in a three-game set inside Wrigley Field. In the first matchup of the series these two teams will send possibly their best starters thus far this season to kick things off as the Yankees send Michael Pineda to the mound to square off against Kyle Hendricks for the Cubs.
Pineda pitched well once again in his last start against the Baltimore Orioles allowing two unearned runs in 5.1 innings of work walking one batter and striking out eight. Pineda is back to being the high strikeout and low walk guy the Yankees traded for all those years ago striking out 37 batters this far this season to just four walks in 28.2 innings pitched.
Hendricks faces his second consecutive American League East team tonight after making his last start against the Boston Red Sox. In that start Hendricks lasted six innings allowing just three hits including a Hanley Ramirez two-run home run. More of those please.
The game will be played at 2:20 pm ET inside Wrigley Field and can be seen on the YES Network in New York, MLB Network nationally, CSN-C in Chicago and on MLB TV wherever you are your device are. You can also follow along on the radio the old fashioned way with John Sterling and Suzyn Waldman on WFAN.
Enjoy the game and as always, Go Yankees!
Posted by Daniel Burch at 9:00 AM No comments:
Labels: Chicago Cubs, Daniel Burch, Game Preview, Go Yankees, John Sterling, Kyle Hendricks, Michael Pineda, MLB Network, MLB TV, New York Yankees, Suzyn Waldman, WFAN, Wrigley Field, YES Network
My Second Trip to AT&T Field to Watch the Chattanooga Lookouts
So you all may or may not remember, or you may be new to the blog so if so… welcome, but last year my son Evan won an annual award from his school for being the Most Improved Student. What you get for this besides the obvious learning ramifications is a free ticket and food at the Chattanooga Lookouts AT&T Field. Well Evan won again this year so we made our second trip to Chattanooga on Wednesday night to watch the Lookouts take on the Pensacola Blue Wahoos.
Last year Evan’s little brother, Hayden, was a little too young to attend the game but this time around he made the trip with us for his first baseball game. Boy did Hayden have a good time. The chants, the mascots, the game and of course the hot dogs and ice cream he was a huge fan of. Plus at Minor League games the kids can be kids and aren’t confined to a small, cramped seat surrounded by thousands of people. It was nice and the boys had a great time. Evan almost caught a foul ball too but he missed it by about 10 feet, maybe next time kid!
It really is a great time. They have lots of things to keep you entertained in-between innings and such and the atmosphere is just nice. I love it there. I loved seeing old Yankees in new places like Angelo Gumbs, Matt Tracy, Nik Turley, Eric Jagielo and others along with new faces that I had never seen before. Nick Gordon was the starting second baseman for the Lookouts and Paul Clemens started the game which was cool to see live.
It was just a really enjoyable experience and I fully recommend it for anyone who is in the neighborhood. Next time though it’s going to be with you. Hey you. I love you.
Labels: Angelo Gumbs, Blogger, Chattanooga Lookouts, Daniel Burch, Eric Jagielo, Major League Baseball, Minor League Baseball, New York Yankees, Pensacola Blue Wahoos, So It Seems, The Greedy Pinstripes
This Day in New York Yankees History 5/5: The Yankees in 3D!
On this day in 2010 DirecTV and the YES Network strike a deal to televise the first major league baseball game in three dimensions. The July 10 Safeco Field telecast between the Yankees and Mariners will be available in 3-D in New York, Connecticut, Washington, Oregon, Alaska, and parts of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Montana, and Idaho.
Also on this day in 1955 the musical "Damn Yankees" opens up on Broadway. The comedy set in Washington, D.C. and based off Douglass Wallop's novel The Year the Yankees Lost the Pennant, tells the tale of an aging Washington Senators fan's bargain with the devil to stop the Yankees dominance in the 1950's.
Finally on this day in 1930 the New York Yankees traded Cedric Durst to the Boston Red Sox for Red Ruffing. This deal allowed the Red Sox to sell Tom Zachary to the Braves for the waiver price. Boston will never learn.
Labels: Boston Red Sox, Cedric Durst, Damn Yankees, DirecTV, History, Major League History, New York Yankees, Red Ruffing, sports history, This Day In Yankees History, YES Network
My Second Trip to AT&T Field to Watch the Chattano...
This Day in New York Yankees History 5/5: The Yank...
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Warner Bros Ireland Awards Scholarship To National Film School Student
0 0 Tom White Thursday, October 22, 2015
Warner Bros. Ireland has awarded a scholarship to Ciarán Dooley, an MA Screenwriting student at The National Film School at Dublin’s Dun Laoghaire Institute of Art, Design and Technology (IADT), it was announced today by Josh Berger, President & Managing Director, Warner Bros. UK, Ireland & Spain.
Now in its second year, the scholarship will, over the course of the year, provide Ciarán with postgraduate funding support and the experience of a short paid placement at Warner Bros. Ireland’s Dublin offices, as well as access to screenings and mentoring support from Warner Bros. executives in the country.
Josh Berger CBE, President & Managing Director, Warner Bros. UK, Ireland & Spain, said:
“The Warner Bros. Creative Talent scholarship at The National Film School at IADT is part of our continued commitment to finding, funding and supporting talented people from all backgrounds. Last year’s scholar, Daniel Kelly, made the most of every opportunity and experience provided to him and we are confident that with this funding and support, Ciarán will do just the same. We wish him all the very best as he lays the foundations for his future career in the industry.”
Donald Taylor Black, Creative Director of The National Film School (NFS) at IADT, said: "We're absolutely delighted that Warner Bros. has renewed its commitment to the NFS in general and our MA Screenwriting programme in particular. Ciarán is one of a group of extremely talented students here at IADT and we're confident that he will take this opportunity to progress a very promising career".
The Irish scholarship is an extension of Warner Bros. Creative Talent, a key part of Warner Bros. long-term investment in UK creative industry skills and training. Announced in 2013, Warner Bros. Creative Talent’s multi-layered investment encompasses scholarships at some of the UK’s most respected higher education institutions; apprenticeships with roles ranging from set-lighting to post-production; trainee positions on every Warner Bros.’ UK film production; year-long training course places for young people at inclusive theatre company, Chickenshed; work experience placements for schools local to Warner Bros.’ London HQ; and work placements on the West End musical, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, with the most talented of the students receiving an additional three month placement.
Warner Bros. has a storied film-making history in Ireland, most notably the 1996 production of Michael Collins, which became the country’s top-grossing film on release and still remains the highest grossing Irish film of all time. The film’s Academy Award-winning director, Neil Jordan, is also behind other Warner Bros. hits including Interview with a Vampire and award-winning film The Butcher Boy.
Image Credit goes to Brian McEvoy.
The Movie Bit: Warner Bros Ireland Awards Scholarship To National Film School Student
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http://www.themoviebit.com/2015/10/warner-bros-ireland-awards-scholarship-national-film-student.html
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VACCINES FOR FLU AND STD’S TOO..
It’s the time of year when we doctors are reminding patients that it’s a good idea to get a jab for flu. Flu can lead to serious disease and last winter around 900 people were admitted to intensive care with flu in the UK. Vaccination with the flu vaccine can protect people from developing this illness. This is also true for other infections. The WHO (World Health Organisation) reports licensed vaccines being available to prevent or contribute to the control of 25 vaccine-preventable infections. They have estimated that vaccination prevents 2.5 million deaths from infection each year.
Vaccination is when a vaccine stimulates an person’s immune system to develop immunity a virus, bacteria or infectious agent. It can prevent infection or reduce the severity of infections. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the flu vaccine, the HPV vaccine and the Hepatitis B vaccine. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious disease.
Smallpox was probably the first disease people tried to prevent by inoculating themselves and was the first disease for which a vaccine was produced. The smallpox was designed in1796 by the British physician Edward Jenner. Louis Pasteur furthered the concept through his work in microbiology. The immunisation was called vaccination because it was derived from a virus affecting cows (Latin: vacca—cow). Smallpox was a contagious and deadly disease, causing the deaths of 20–60% of infected adults and over 80% of infected children.
In common speech, ‘vaccination’ and ‘immunisation’ have a similar meaning.
However, with vaccination, generally the vaccine may be made of inactivated (non-infective) or attenuated (with reduced infectivity) forms of the virus/bacteria, or purified parts of the pathogen.
This distinguishes it from inoculation, which uses unweakened live pathogens.
We offer vaccines for prevention of infection with HPV and Hepatitis B.
Both of these infections can be sexually transmitted. Hepatitis B has also be spread by blood-blood contact and via infected organ donation/blood transfusion.
Research has shown that these vaccines are very good at protecting against these infections.
As both HPV and Hepatitis B infections can lead to serious illnesses, then vaccination has large health benefits.
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Filed Under: Business, Microsoft, Technology, World Tagged With: Juggernaut Alpha, Surface Phone, Windows 10 Mobile OS
Microsoft Surface Phone – Juggernaut Alpha Releasing in 2016: Know the Details
Nov 2, 2015 By Aditya
Microsoft has been one of the largest names in the markets when it comes to the world of technology.
They have been a giant when we take a deeper look at the markets and segment it as ‘software technology’.
They have the markets held in a vice grip with their Windows Operating Systems and are the leaders in global technology when we consider the Operating Systems.
With the release of the Windows 10 OS, Microsoft has taken things one step forward and the company has emerged as one which has been trying to change the very concept of input and output!
It has been a major revolution in the world of technology, and Microsoft has gained a good attention with the release of the Windows 10 OS.
The company is intending to take all this momentum forward, and will now be trying to tap into the markets they have ignored for four decades – the hardware business.
Despite being a giant in the world of software and OS tech, Microsoft is by and large a newcomer in the world of hardware.
With the exception of the XBOX and a few Surface Devices, Microsoft has never really had a presence in the markets of hardware.
Their first legitimate attempt came when they took over the Nokia mobiles business, and tried to tap into the mobile phones markets with Microsoft Mobiles.
That turned out to be a historic blunder for them as Microsoft reported losses of close to 8 Billion USD, and ended up losing out on ~8000 employees, with nearly a 1000 more at current risk of losing their jobs.
The company has now decided to head further and not give up on their mobile phone business, and is working on a device which is modelled on their surface devices, which have done well in the markets.
The project is currently being worked upon, codenamed as ‘Juggernaut Alpha’, as Microsoft tries to create a phone more powerful than one ever created in the past.
The company is expected to release this phone not as a Lumia device but as a ‘Surface Phone’ which is expected to shake up the markets!
The Surface Phone is expected to come out with 5.5 inches of screen, 4GB of RAM and a ‘desktop class’ processor.
What are your expectations from this device? Do you think it will help Microsoft bounce back in the markets? Comment below and let us know.
Filed Under: Business, Microsoft, Technology, World Tagged With: Features, Juggernaut Alpha, Microsoft Surface Phone, Specs, Windows Operating Systems
Microsoft Surface Phone ‘Juggernaut Alpha’ Leaked – Know the Details
One of the biggest names in the world of technology, Microsoft has had a presence which has been undeniably awe-inspiring.
The company has constantly been releasing several of the biggest names in the world of Operating Systems and Software.
It has, over the past 41 years, become a giant when we look at the world of computers and especially in software technology.
With several successful names in their kitty, the company has still been considered to be a newcomer when we look at the hardware markets. And that statement is true, too.
Microsoft is quite a newcomer in the markets of hardware, and has been tapping into the markets quite recently.
The company acquired the mobile phones division of Nokia in order to get some momentum in the mobile phone businesses, but as it turns out to be, the Nokia deal was a disaster, and Microsoft ended up with losses of nearly 8 Billion USD and has lost out 8,000 employees from their workforce, with 1,000 more job-cuts planned in the near future.
Microsoft has been on the back foot in the mobile phone markets and has been considering various options.
The company is now trying to proceed into the hardware business with the help of their surface devices, which have been largely successful for them in the recent years.
Despite the company having cancelled some of their ambitious projects expecting a loss such as the Surface Mini, Microsoft is now showing more confidence in the surface series of devices than ever before, and is now going to release a new phone in the surface devices, believed to be called the ‘Surface Phone’ which is allegedly being developed codenamed under the name ‘Juggernaut Alpha’.
As per NDTV reports, the Surface Phone (Mobile), codenamed Project Juggernaut Alpha, has a 5.5-inch display with QHD screen resolution.
It is said to be run on a desktop class Intel Atom x3 (SoFIA) 64-bit processor along with 4GB RAM.
On the storage front, the Phone was noted to have 64GB and 128GB storage options with support for microSD card to extend the storage to up to 2TB.It is also expected that a variant with a higher configuration might be released as well.
The phone is also expected to sport a 21MP PureView Zeiss 6-lens rear camera, and a front facing 8MP Zeiss wide-angle camera.
When it comes to accessories, the device is expected to release with the S Pen-esque Surface Pen, and will feature a USB Type-C port (USB 3.1).
Filed Under: Business, Microsoft, Technology, World Tagged With: Features, Juggernaut Alpha, Microsoft Surface Phone, Specs
Microsoft Surface Phone to Release in 2016 – Microsoft Adds a Phone to Surface Family
Traditionally one of the largest players in the markets of technology, Microsoft has been a company which has been dominating the markets since the past 41 years.
The company comes with a vast experience and a background of expertise.
The company was started off by the visionary that Bill Gates is, and Microsoft, since then, has been progressing forward at a rapid pace.
The company has been coming out with some of the most popular updates and upgrades in the recent times, and has been tapping various other markets too, which isn’t traditionally a move that they have made in the past.
With the release of the Windows 10 OS, the company has jumped up and has become a major force to reckon with.
A large number of people have been coming out in support of this device, and it saw 14 Million people download it in just 24 hours.
Microsoft has now quoted the number to be 110 million by now. The company has been tapping into the hardware markets too.
Despite being the largest force in Software and OS markets, Microsoft does not have much of a domination over the markets when we take a look at the hardware business.
The company has been trying to tap into the markets, and they have recently suffered a major failure when it comes to the Microsoft Mobiles business, where they have ended up losing out $8 Billion.
The company is now working on corrective measures.
However they have been tasting success when it comes to the markets of Surface devices.
Microsoft is now planning to add more power to their smartphones, and after making major losses, they are looking at creating phones which are better than the previous ones and could assist their primary flagship devices which the Lumia 950 series of phones are expected to be.
The company is now planning on adding a phone to their surface family of devices, and the phone is currently being developed under the codename of ‘Juggernaut Alpha’.
The phone will be branded as a ‘surface’ device and not as a Lumia device to create the public perception that this is a different offering.
As per some online rumors, the phone might come out with the Skylake processor, which would be one of its biggest USPs if that ever happens.
The phone is expected to release by March 2016 along with the HoloLens.
Filed Under: Business, Microsoft, Technology, World Tagged With: Juggernaut Alpha, Microsoft Surface Phone
Microsoft Surface Phone aka Juggernaut Alpha to Release in End of the Financial Year
Microsoft has been a company which has been in the technology and computing markets since a long time.
Yes, 41 years is indeed a long time. The company started off in the year 1974, and has since then been one of the global leaders in the markets of technology.
Microsoft has been the uncrowned king when it comes to the software markets and the Operating System markets.
The company has been coming out with some of the latest features and updates in the markets of technology, and has been the leader when one looks at the evolution of technology.
With the release of the Windows 10 OS, Microsoft has struck gold, as the company has seen an overwhelming response from the community of users.
Over 14 million people downloaded the Windows 10 OS in just 24 hours of its release, and the number is expected to be close to 150 million right now.
The company has been getting a lot of positive feedback from the users regarding the Windows 10 OS and has tried a lot of new things for the first time with this OS.
Microsoft, despite being a powerful name in software markets has a weak presence in the hardware business, and has been trying to improve their status there.
The company is known for their XBOX Consoles and more recently for the surface family of products.
Other than these two families of hardware products, Microsoft’s ventures have not borne many fruits in the hardware industry.
The company is looking forward to change the industry with their upcoming mobile phones – the Lumia 950 and Lumia 950 XL.
However, they are also working on a third phone, which will be a parallel flagship for them.
This third phone is currently being developed as project ‘Juggernaut Alpha’, and Microsoft is working on it as the next device in the surface family of products.
After releasing several tablets and now their first laptop in the surface family, Microsoft will now be adding a phone to the surface devices!
This latest smartphone from Microsoft will feature some of the most powerful specs you can ever imagine, and if rumors are to be believed, it will release with a Skylake processor!
Microsoft aims at taking it to the next level with Surface Phone and only time can tell what they have as actual plans!
It is expected that they will announce the phone in March 2016, around the same time that they reveal the HoloLens.
Filed Under: Business, Microsoft, Technology, World Tagged With: Juggernaut Alpha, Lumia 950, Lumia 950 XL, Microsoft Surface Phone, Windows 10 OS
Microsoft all set to release the Surface Phone in March 2016: know the features of Juggernaut Alpha
Microsoft, a company which has been in the business of technology for several years now, has been one of the most successful organizations of all times.
Led by Bill Gates, the company has witnessed a major evolutionary pattern.
Having started off in the year 1974 with software business, they evolved and diversified, and while diversifying they tapped into several other markets and businesses, however they found true success only with the software industry and stuck to it.
Microsoft, off late has been stepping foot in the hardware territory and has been doing significant encroachment there.
The company has released several of their hardware devices in recent times, and the XBOX and the Surface series of devices have been two major successes that they have witnessed in recent times.
The company has been experimenting in the markets, and has made major losses in their mobile phones division. With losses piling up to the tune of $8 Billion, Microsoft has burnt their fingers in the Microsoft Mobiles division.
The company has still been trying their best to stay afloat in the business, and are now working on a solution. Its apparent to them that the markets need stronger devices and more powerful devices.
The surface and surface pro series of tablets have worked well only because of this, and they are now trying to implement a similar formula in the mobile phones division.
The company is expected to add a third device to the surface family, after the surface tablets and surface book laptops, the current plans are for Microsoft to introduce a surface phone soon. The phone is currently being developed by them under the codename Juggernaut Alpha.
The company plans to release the surface phones with the surface pen.
It is expected to come out with a 5.5-inch display with QHD screen resolution and is expected to be powered by desktop class Intel Atom x3 (SoFIA) 64-bit processor, however alternate rumors also suggest Skylake involvement but it is highly unlikely.
The surface phone is expected to release with a 21MP primary camera, and an 8-megapixel wide angle front camera.
The device is expected to release with a surface pen, which will be like the Samsung S pen, and it is expected to come out by March 2016, and will release along with the HoloLens development kit.
Filed Under: Business, Microsoft, Technology, World Tagged With: Features, Juggernaut Alpha, Microsoft Surface Phone, Price, Specs
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July 17, 2019 This Day in Heavy Metal
Alexei Rodriguez: Busiest Drummer In Metal Today
Interview Conducted September 2009
by Azlana Darque
3 Inches of Blood alum, Alexei Rodriguez is one of the best and busiest drummers in metal today. I sat down to ask him a few questions about his life, his career, and the many new projects he's working on that have the metal music industry buzzing. Here's what he had to say:
Azlana: Let's start at the beginning. At what age did you begin playing?
Alexei: I decided at 13 that drums were going to be my new instrument, and in that year before I got my first kit at 14, I air-drummed relentlessly to audio and video of my favorite stuff, so that I could waste no time and immediately begin playing beats.
Azlana: As a drummer, who have been your greatest influences?
Alexei: Initially, Black Sabbath and Slayer. Now - SO many. From the slow grooves of Led Zeppelin and the sludge of Neurosis, to the frantic blasts of black and death metal, to the finesse of Buddy Rich and Billy Cobham. I also try to pick up new things every time I go on tour or play a show by watching other drummers. I only took lessons very briefly, so seeing/hearing new things has always been my teacher. Trying to answer this question without writing a novella is near-impossible, so I'll save you the boredom and leave it at that.
Azlana: Over the years, you've had quite a prolific career during which you have played everything from anarcho-punk to heavy metal. What would you say is your favorite style of music to play and why?
Alexei: Drummers and musicians, no matter how talented those that stick to one genre their whole careers confuse me. Of course it makes more sense in marketing terms to find a target audience and stick to them; fans can get really judgmental and mean when their favorite artists switch it up on them. But only liking one genre of music, or only desiring to be good at one style of playing doesn't make any sense to me, and I pity those people in a way. Each style of music I've ever played has an appeal to me for slightly different reasons. I'm generally classified as a metal guy, and that's probably what I'm seen as doing best since it's what I've done the most. Even when I was playing crust punk and hardcore I tended to throw in more metal-stylings in terms of double bass than most other drummers in the genre. I have no issue being known as a metal drummer, and metal definitely fills my iPOD more than anything else. But the importance of keeping a groove is often lost in metal, so I'm also really into the Travis Barker/DJ AM thing of combining DJing grooves with a live drummer, and I loved playing with a large band and full horn section back in the day, as I could often choose if my fills and rhythmic patterns were going to follow the vocals, horns, or rhythm section. Either way, if I don't get off the stage drenched in sweat, I didn't do my job right.
Azlana: You've recorded with the band TRIAL under the name Jesus L. Pecador, with UMLAUT as Baron Burri Von Blixen, and now with DEATH PILOT as Lt. Col. Diamondz! Why the pseudonyms?
Alexei: Two reasons:
1) As a joke: Umlaut was a joke side-project of Catharsis', to offset the fact that we were a serious band screaming about some serious shit, making some serious art. So we started this band of fictitious, squatter, crusty motorcycle punks from Finland (I don't believe there's actually any such thing), wrote lyrics in intentional bad English, played our only official show completely masked, wrote out long pseudo-political rants to describe songs about having hiccups, and being too punk to pay parking meters...you get the idea.
2) To add mystery and avoid attention from the law: When I was in Catharsis a friend of ours was being sought by the FBI for some trumped-up bullshit, and within only a couple of days they connected him to us, and were calling our singer's family trying to smoke us out into talking to them, implicating us as accomplices to his "crime" of self-defense. We were spooked that they'd found us so quickly, and pissed off that the pigs had used lies and scare tactics on family, all over charges that ended up thrown out of court anyhow. From then on we all used pseudonyms. I stopped in the mid-2000's because by then I was in bands getting more mainstream press, so staying invisible would have been pretty impossible, and making a living playing music isn't really viable if no one knows who you are. Also by then, I wasn't running with as volatile a crowd.
Azlana: Although I imagine many of your fans have been following you since the early years of your musical career, you are probably best known for your work with 3 Inches of Blood . I'm sure many people were shocked by your sudden departure from the band. Overall, how would you say you've been affected by that split?
Alexei: Mostly positively! I can't say it's been all roses touring so little this past year, but it's allowed me to dip my fingers into a lot more projects, from Death Pilot, to the new Hail The Night recording, a new disc and a couple shows with Seattle hardcore band, Wait In Vain, to the new Chthonic disc about to be released on Spinefarm Records, and other offers that I'm not in a position to reveal just yet. 3IOB stayed busy, which was nice, but we were usually too drunk, stoned or hung over to do much else even if there was time. These days I'm sober, much more in tune to the evil ways of the industry, and in much more of a position to weigh several options in front of me. And the one obvious advantage for me not being on tour with them anymore is getting to play all different subgenres of which I'm a fan, instead of just one project that can't seem to shake the misconception that it's a joke, despite the high caliber of its (now second-to-) last disc.
Azlana: Are you still in contact with any of those guys, and do you see yourself collaborating with them on any future projects?
Alexei: As of right now, the only one I'm in contact with is Brian Redman, with whom I play in Trial. He just moved down here to SoCal, and though still a couple hours away, FAR closer than Seattle. We're talking very tentatively about starting a fun but angry crust band.
Azlana: Apparently, you've been keeping quite busy lately! Just for the sake of keeping track of it all, can you give us a listing of all of your current projects?
Alexei: Sure! I've already made brief mention, but here's a run-down:
-Officially as of Tues, Sep. 15, 2009, I am the new touring drummer for PRONG!!!
- Death Pilot, a melodic metal band based out of L.A. currently with 10 demo songs recorded, and in the process of signing to a major label.
- Hail The Night, a black metal band, also out of L.A. but comprised entirely of southern US transplants. I just finished co-writing and tracking drums on a 10-song disc with them. However, files were somehow corrupted on 5 of the tracks, so in order to create the masterpiece of a full-length that we want, we may have to re-record all over again [*grimace*]
- Trial, a Seattle hardcore band, officially broken up in 2000, but we've started doing a few one-offs here and there, and have tentatively been entertaining possible future European, Australian, Japanese and South American tour plans. Every reunion we've played has sold out, and the Seattle 2005 show was released as a live DVD.
- Wait In Vain, another Seattle hardcore band for whom I recorded their current full-length, "Seasons", and I recently filled in for two sold-out shows in Seattle and Chicago.
- Between Earth & Sky, a Vancouver, BC-based, melodic post-hardcore project that just finished recording, fronted by Greg from Trial, recorded by Blair Calibaba, who's recorded Trial and is the touring soundman for No Means No, and filled out by 2 guitarists from Canadian bands, Strain and By A Thread, including one Happy Kreter who also happens to be an accomplished solo artist.
- Great White Void, a tentatively-titled project featuring friends from 2 Berlin bands, The Ocean and Monster.
Azlana: By far, the most visible project you're working on right now is Death Pilot. Would you please introduce us to the band's line-up?
Alexei: Once again, I find myself in a band full of pseudonyms, so that's all you get: Midian (voice), Johnny Death & Matt Thrash (guitars), Ares (bass), Ghost (keyboards, voice), and me - Diamondz.
Azlana: How did get together with these guys?
Alexei: Word of mouth combined with word of MySpace. I was making plans for the Wait In Vain record, but I had no full-time band - it was right after parting with 3IOB. A friend tipped me off about them, so I went on MySpace and was floored by the quality of the songwriting and recording, for which they used the impressive session drumming of Chris Mora (ex- Silent Civilian). The songs were actually written before there was a solid line-up, by front man Midian, Logan Mader (ex- Soulfly, Machine Head (guitars), producer extraordinaire -( Devil Driver, Gojira), Lucas Banker ( Junkie XL & Dommin producer), with additional input by Tomo Milicevic ( 30 Seconds To Mars). The current line-up of the band is already at work writing new material on its own, but the first album-to-be will be mainly comprised of the 10 songs these guys initially put together, with thunderous results. At the time I was first exposed to the band I was living in Seattle, wanting very badly to move somewhere with better weather, so after sending Logan an audition video, I booked a U-Haul and was on my way.
Azlana: How would you describe Death Pilot 's sound?
Alexei: Catchier and heavier than most melodic metal out there. A lot of metal tries to toe the line between "heavy" and "accessible", mostly with questionable results. Usually it ends up sounding too happy or too crybaby or the pop parts come in sounding so out of place it's like someone just injected some other band's chorus in between verses of an otherwise respectably brutal song. This band somehow escapes all of those pitfalls, and has made epic songs that are at times very "Master of Puppets", sometimes Pantera, sometimes Rob Zombie, Type O Negative, Slipknot. I play a lot of different styles of metal, but I wouldn't join a band whose songs I couldn't get behind 100% - they speak for themselves, and they're refreshingly diverse so while each one is clearly the same band it doesn't sound like the same band writing and re-writing the same song over and over.
Azlana: Where did the name Death Pilot come from?
Alexei: There's a whole fantastic back story that goes along with the band, the pseudonyms and the quasi-military/zombie imagery that I'm not at liberty to discuss. All will be revealed with the first album, but the band name goes along with that, and that part will be revealed very soon - within the next month - so stay tuned to our MySpace site to find out the latest information leaks - myspace.com/deathpilotmusic.
Azlana: Help me understand the zombie/horror theme that appears to be a large part of the band's image. Who came up with this "zombie metal" concept, and what is its significance?
Alexei: Our singer Midian is really into horror flicks, and particularly zombies, and we decided rather than having content of the more standard sort, we would make a whole comic-book-like back story to go along with the band, opening us up to other creative avenues of pushing the band later on. I've mostly gotta give Midian credit, but we've also had some professional outside help tweaking the story, and every member of the band is currently in the process of creating their individual character's back story to fit in with it.
Azlana: Regardless of what it all means, it certainly makes for interesting visual imagery in the new video for "Until the End". Tell me about what it was like to film it.
Alexei: It was SUPER-low budget, so it's amazing to me that it came out as good as it did! 3 Inches Of Blood blew thousands on a really basic, black and white video for "The Goatriders' Horde"; not a bad video by any means, but not worth the price tag at ALL. The DP video we shot on a borrowed HD cam by our friend Konstantine X, the keyboardist in Dommin, on a green screen in our co-manager/producer's 2 bedroom apartment in the living room. The drum footage he got from when we rented a soundstage to do a private showcase for this one interested record label, but everyone else was shot in that living room, in a few hours.
Azlana: What was it like to work under the direction of Konstantine X?
Alexei: Super nice dude, humble and easy to work with.
Azlana: I hear a full-length album from Death Pilot is due out sometime this year with co-production credits by Tomo Milicevic, guitarist from 30Seconds to Mars ! What can you tell us about the album so far?
Alexei: I think honestly I've said as much as I can (smiling).
Azlana: Where is it being recorded?
Alexei: Oh, except that - at Edge Of The Earth studio in West Hollywood.
Azlana: Any guest appearances?
Alexei: None confirmed so far, maybe Logan Mader, maybe Tomo Milicevic?
Azlana: What else is close on the horizon for Death Pilot?
Alexei: Well, we just did a mini-tour as direct support for Trivium, but other than a few isolated shows, we're more behind the scenes at the moment, joining heads with new co-manager, Rick Sales ( Slayer, Mastodon) and negotiating details with the new label.
Azlana: And you? What's next for you as a drummer, as an artist, and as a man? Where do you see yourself in the next 5 years?
Alexei: In the next 5 years I will probably want to start a family, so maybe by then I can either have another racket going, or Death Pilot will supply enough tour buses that I can take the wife and kids and dogs and cats. Seriously, though, I've learned that nothing ever goes exactly as planned, so I always leave myself open to the infinite possibilities of the universe, so I can roll with the punches easier, and not be so butt-hurt when everything doesn't go my way. My number one priority, regardless of my music, is to continue in the direction of this kind of spiritual growth. As a drummer, though, as long as I stay busy, I know I won't lose my mind, and that's what matters most.
Azlana: In closing, is there anything else you would like to say to our readers?
Alexei: You can stay up-to-date with my (mis)adventures by adding my MySpace page: www.myspace.com/alexeidiamante.
Thanks for talking to us here at Unrated, Alexei, best of luck with everything. We'll be watching!
Alexei Rodriguez
Death Pilot
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